@nxtedition/rocksdb 1.0.0

package/deps/rocksdb/rocksdb/table/table_test.cc

@@ -0,0 +1,4769 @@
+//  Copyright (c) 2011-present, Facebook, Inc.  All rights reserved.
+//  This source code is licensed under both the GPLv2 (found in the
+//  COPYING file in the root directory) and Apache 2.0 License
+//  (found in the LICENSE.Apache file in the root directory).
+//
+// Copyright (c) 2011 The LevelDB Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
+// found in the LICENSE file. See the AUTHORS file for names of contributors.
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <iostream>
+#include <map>
+#include <memory>
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include "block_fetcher.h"
+#include "cache/lru_cache.h"
+#include "db/dbformat.h"
+#include "db/memtable.h"
+#include "db/write_batch_internal.h"
+#include "memtable/stl_wrappers.h"
+#include "meta_blocks.h"
+#include "monitoring/statistics.h"
+#include "port/port.h"
+#include "rocksdb/cache.h"
+#include "rocksdb/db.h"
+#include "rocksdb/env.h"
+#include "rocksdb/file_checksum.h"
+#include "rocksdb/file_system.h"
+#include "rocksdb/iterator.h"
+#include "rocksdb/memtablerep.h"
+#include "rocksdb/perf_context.h"
+#include "rocksdb/slice_transform.h"
+#include "rocksdb/statistics.h"
+#include "rocksdb/write_buffer_manager.h"
+#include "table/block_based/block.h"
+#include "table/block_based/block_based_table_builder.h"
+#include "table/block_based/block_based_table_factory.h"
+#include "table/block_based/block_based_table_reader.h"
+#include "table/block_based/block_builder.h"
+#include "table/block_based/flush_block_policy.h"
+#include "table/format.h"
+#include "table/get_context.h"
+#include "table/internal_iterator.h"
+#include "table/plain/plain_table_factory.h"
+#include "table/scoped_arena_iterator.h"
+#include "table/sst_file_writer_collectors.h"
+#include "test_util/sync_point.h"
+#include "test_util/testharness.h"
+#include "test_util/testutil.h"
+#include "util/compression.h"
+#include "util/file_checksum_helper.h"
+#include "util/random.h"
+#include "util/string_util.h"
+#include "utilities/merge_operators.h"
+
+namespace ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE {
+
+extern const uint64_t kLegacyBlockBasedTableMagicNumber;
+extern const uint64_t kLegacyPlainTableMagicNumber;
+extern const uint64_t kBlockBasedTableMagicNumber;
+extern const uint64_t kPlainTableMagicNumber;
+
+namespace {
+
+const std::string kDummyValue(10000, 'o');
+
+// DummyPropertiesCollector used to test BlockBasedTableProperties
+class DummyPropertiesCollector : public TablePropertiesCollector {
+ public:
+  const char* Name() const override { return "DummyPropertiesCollector"; }
+
+  Status Finish(UserCollectedProperties* /*properties*/) override {
+    return Status::OK();
+  }
+
+  Status Add(const Slice& /*user_key*/, const Slice& /*value*/) override {
+    return Status::OK();
+  }
+
+  UserCollectedProperties GetReadableProperties() const override {
+    return UserCollectedProperties{};
+  }
+};
+
+class DummyPropertiesCollectorFactory1
+    : public TablePropertiesCollectorFactory {
+ public:
+  TablePropertiesCollector* CreateTablePropertiesCollector(
+      TablePropertiesCollectorFactory::Context /*context*/) override {
+    return new DummyPropertiesCollector();
+  }
+  const char* Name() const override {
+    return "DummyPropertiesCollectorFactory1";
+  }
+};
+
+class DummyPropertiesCollectorFactory2
+    : public TablePropertiesCollectorFactory {
+ public:
+  TablePropertiesCollector* CreateTablePropertiesCollector(
+      TablePropertiesCollectorFactory::Context /*context*/) override {
+    return new DummyPropertiesCollector();
+  }
+  const char* Name() const override {
+    return "DummyPropertiesCollectorFactory2";
+  }
+};
+
+// Return reverse of "key".
+// Used to test non-lexicographic comparators.
+std::string Reverse(const Slice& key) {
+  auto rev = key.ToString();
+  std::reverse(rev.begin(), rev.end());
+  return rev;
+}
+
+class ReverseKeyComparator : public Comparator {
+ public:
+  const char* Name() const override {
+    return "rocksdb.ReverseBytewiseComparator";
+  }
+
+  int Compare(const Slice& a, const Slice& b) const override {
+    return BytewiseComparator()->Compare(Reverse(a), Reverse(b));
+  }
+
+  void FindShortestSeparator(std::string* start,
+                             const Slice& limit) const override {
+    std::string s = Reverse(*start);
+    std::string l = Reverse(limit);
+    BytewiseComparator()->FindShortestSeparator(&s, l);
+    *start = Reverse(s);
+  }
+
+  void FindShortSuccessor(std::string* key) const override {
+    std::string s = Reverse(*key);
+    BytewiseComparator()->FindShortSuccessor(&s);
+    *key = Reverse(s);
+  }
+};
+
+ReverseKeyComparator reverse_key_comparator;
+
+void Increment(const Comparator* cmp, std::string* key) {
+  if (cmp == BytewiseComparator()) {
+    key->push_back('\0');
+  } else {
+    assert(cmp == &reverse_key_comparator);
+    std::string rev = Reverse(*key);
+    rev.push_back('\0');
+    *key = Reverse(rev);
+  }
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
+// Helper class for tests to unify the interface between
+// BlockBuilder/TableBuilder and Block/Table.
+class Constructor {
+ public:
+  explicit Constructor(const Comparator* cmp)
+      : data_(stl_wrappers::LessOfComparator(cmp)) {}
+  virtual ~Constructor() { }
+
+  void Add(const std::string& key, const Slice& value) {
+    data_[key] = value.ToString();
+  }
+
+  // Finish constructing the data structure with all the keys that have
+  // been added so far.  Returns the keys in sorted order in "*keys"
+  // and stores the key/value pairs in "*kvmap"
+  void Finish(const Options& options, const ImmutableCFOptions& ioptions,
+              const MutableCFOptions& moptions,
+              const BlockBasedTableOptions& table_options,
+              const InternalKeyComparator& internal_comparator,
+              std::vector<std::string>* keys, stl_wrappers::KVMap* kvmap) {
+    last_internal_key_ = &internal_comparator;
+    *kvmap = data_;
+    keys->clear();
+    for (const auto& kv : data_) {
+      keys->push_back(kv.first);
+    }
+    data_.clear();
+    Status s = FinishImpl(options, ioptions, moptions, table_options,
+                          internal_comparator, *kvmap);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(s.ok()) << s.ToString();
+  }
+
+  // Construct the data structure from the data in "data"
+  virtual Status FinishImpl(const Options& options,
+                            const ImmutableCFOptions& ioptions,
+                            const MutableCFOptions& moptions,
+                            const BlockBasedTableOptions& table_options,
+                            const InternalKeyComparator& internal_comparator,
+                            const stl_wrappers::KVMap& data) = 0;
+
+  virtual InternalIterator* NewIterator(
+      const SliceTransform* prefix_extractor = nullptr) const = 0;
+
+  virtual const stl_wrappers::KVMap& data() { return data_; }
+
+  virtual bool IsArenaMode() const { return false; }
+
+  virtual DB* db() const { return nullptr; }  // Overridden in DBConstructor
+
+  virtual bool AnywayDeleteIterator() const { return false; }
+
+ protected:
+  const InternalKeyComparator* last_internal_key_;
+
+ private:
+  stl_wrappers::KVMap data_;
+};
+
+// A helper class that converts internal format keys into user keys
+class KeyConvertingIterator : public InternalIterator {
+ public:
+  explicit KeyConvertingIterator(InternalIterator* iter,
+                                 bool arena_mode = false)
+      : iter_(iter), arena_mode_(arena_mode) {}
+  ~KeyConvertingIterator() override {
+    if (arena_mode_) {
+      iter_->~InternalIterator();
+    } else {
+      delete iter_;
+    }
+  }
+  bool Valid() const override { return iter_->Valid() && status_.ok(); }
+  void Seek(const Slice& target) override {
+    ParsedInternalKey ikey(target, kMaxSequenceNumber, kTypeValue);
+    std::string encoded;
+    AppendInternalKey(&encoded, ikey);
+    iter_->Seek(encoded);
+  }
+  void SeekForPrev(const Slice& target) override {
+    ParsedInternalKey ikey(target, kMaxSequenceNumber, kTypeValue);
+    std::string encoded;
+    AppendInternalKey(&encoded, ikey);
+    iter_->SeekForPrev(encoded);
+  }
+  void SeekToFirst() override { iter_->SeekToFirst(); }
+  void SeekToLast() override { iter_->SeekToLast(); }
+  void Next() override { iter_->Next(); }
+  void Prev() override { iter_->Prev(); }
+  IterBoundCheck UpperBoundCheckResult() override {
+    return iter_->UpperBoundCheckResult();
+  }
+
+  Slice key() const override {
+    assert(Valid());
+    ParsedInternalKey parsed_key;
+    Status pik_status =
+        ParseInternalKey(iter_->key(), &parsed_key, true /* log_err_key */);
+    if (!pik_status.ok()) {
+      status_ = pik_status;
+      return Slice(status_.getState());
+    }
+    return parsed_key.user_key;
+  }
+
+  Slice value() const override { return iter_->value(); }
+  Status status() const override {
+    return status_.ok() ? iter_->status() : status_;
+  }
+
+ private:
+  mutable Status status_;
+  InternalIterator* iter_;
+  bool arena_mode_;
+
+  // No copying allowed
+  KeyConvertingIterator(const KeyConvertingIterator&);
+  void operator=(const KeyConvertingIterator&);
+};
+
+// `BlockConstructor` APIs always accept/return user keys.
+class BlockConstructor : public Constructor {
+ public:
+  explicit BlockConstructor(const Comparator* cmp)
+      : Constructor(cmp), comparator_(cmp), block_(nullptr) {}
+  ~BlockConstructor() override { delete block_; }
+  Status FinishImpl(const Options& /*options*/,
+                    const ImmutableCFOptions& /*ioptions*/,
+                    const MutableCFOptions& /*moptions*/,
+                    const BlockBasedTableOptions& table_options,
+                    const InternalKeyComparator& /*internal_comparator*/,
+                    const stl_wrappers::KVMap& kv_map) override {
+    delete block_;
+    block_ = nullptr;
+    BlockBuilder builder(table_options.block_restart_interval);
+
+    for (const auto& kv : kv_map) {
+      // `DataBlockIter` assumes it reads only internal keys. `BlockConstructor`
+      // clients provide user keys, so we need to convert to internal key format
+      // before writing the data block.
+      ParsedInternalKey ikey(kv.first, kMaxSequenceNumber, kTypeValue);
+      std::string encoded;
+      AppendInternalKey(&encoded, ikey);
+      builder.Add(encoded, kv.second);
+    }
+    // Open the block
+    data_ = builder.Finish().ToString();
+    BlockContents contents;
+    contents.data = data_;
+    block_ = new Block(std::move(contents));
+    return Status::OK();
+  }
+  InternalIterator* NewIterator(
+      const SliceTransform* /*prefix_extractor*/) const override {
+    // `DataBlockIter` returns the internal keys it reads.
+    // `KeyConvertingIterator` converts them to user keys before they are
+    // exposed to the `BlockConstructor` clients.
+    return new KeyConvertingIterator(
+        block_->NewDataIterator(comparator_, kDisableGlobalSequenceNumber));
+  }
+
+ private:
+  const Comparator* comparator_;
+  std::string data_;
+  Block* block_;
+
+  BlockConstructor();
+};
+
+class TableConstructor : public Constructor {
+ public:
+  explicit TableConstructor(const Comparator* cmp,
+                            bool convert_to_internal_key = false,
+                            int level = -1, SequenceNumber largest_seqno = 0)
+      : Constructor(cmp),
+        largest_seqno_(largest_seqno),
+        convert_to_internal_key_(convert_to_internal_key),
+        level_(level) {
+    env_ = ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::Env::Default();
+  }
+  ~TableConstructor() override { Reset(); }
+
+  Status FinishImpl(const Options& options, const ImmutableCFOptions& ioptions,
+                    const MutableCFOptions& moptions,
+                    const BlockBasedTableOptions& /*table_options*/,
+                    const InternalKeyComparator& internal_comparator,
+                    const stl_wrappers::KVMap& kv_map) override {
+    Reset();
+    soptions.use_mmap_reads = ioptions.allow_mmap_reads;
+    std::unique_ptr<FSWritableFile> sink(new test::StringSink());
+    file_writer_.reset(new WritableFileWriter(
+        std::move(sink), "" /* don't care */, FileOptions()));
+    std::unique_ptr<TableBuilder> builder;
+    std::vector<std::unique_ptr<IntTblPropCollectorFactory>>
+        int_tbl_prop_collector_factories;
+
+    if (largest_seqno_ != 0) {
+      // Pretend that it's an external file written by SstFileWriter.
+      int_tbl_prop_collector_factories.emplace_back(
+          new SstFileWriterPropertiesCollectorFactory(2 /* version */,
+                                                      0 /* global_seqno*/));
+    }
+
+    std::string column_family_name;
+    builder.reset(ioptions.table_factory->NewTableBuilder(
+        TableBuilderOptions(ioptions, moptions, internal_comparator,
+                            &int_tbl_prop_collector_factories,
+                            options.compression, options.sample_for_compression,
+                            options.compression_opts, false /* skip_filters */,
+                            column_family_name, level_),
+        TablePropertiesCollectorFactory::Context::kUnknownColumnFamily,
+        file_writer_.get()));
+
+    for (const auto& kv : kv_map) {
+      if (convert_to_internal_key_) {
+        ParsedInternalKey ikey(kv.first, kMaxSequenceNumber, kTypeValue);
+        std::string encoded;
+        AppendInternalKey(&encoded, ikey);
+        builder->Add(encoded, kv.second);
+      } else {
+        builder->Add(kv.first, kv.second);
+      }
+      EXPECT_OK(builder->status());
+    }
+    Status s = builder->Finish();
+    EXPECT_OK(file_writer_->Flush());
+    EXPECT_TRUE(s.ok()) << s.ToString();
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(TEST_GetSink()->contents().size(), builder->FileSize());
+
+    // Open the table
+    uniq_id_ = cur_uniq_id_++;
+    std::unique_ptr<FSRandomAccessFile> source(new test::StringSource(
+        TEST_GetSink()->contents(), uniq_id_, ioptions.allow_mmap_reads));
+
+    file_reader_.reset(new RandomAccessFileReader(std::move(source), "test"));
+    const bool kSkipFilters = true;
+    const bool kImmortal = true;
+    return ioptions.table_factory->NewTableReader(
+        TableReaderOptions(ioptions, moptions.prefix_extractor.get(), soptions,
+                           internal_comparator, !kSkipFilters, !kImmortal,
+                           false, level_, largest_seqno_, &block_cache_tracer_,
+                           moptions.write_buffer_size),
+        std::move(file_reader_), TEST_GetSink()->contents().size(),
+        &table_reader_);
+  }
+
+  InternalIterator* NewIterator(
+      const SliceTransform* prefix_extractor) const override {
+    InternalIterator* iter = table_reader_->NewIterator(
+        read_options_, prefix_extractor, /*arena=*/nullptr,
+        /*skip_filters=*/false, TableReaderCaller::kUncategorized);
+    if (convert_to_internal_key_) {
+      return new KeyConvertingIterator(iter);
+    } else {
+      return iter;
+    }
+  }
+
+  uint64_t ApproximateOffsetOf(const Slice& key) const {
+    if (convert_to_internal_key_) {
+      InternalKey ikey(key, kMaxSequenceNumber, kTypeValue);
+      const Slice skey = ikey.Encode();
+      return table_reader_->ApproximateOffsetOf(
+          skey, TableReaderCaller::kUncategorized);
+    }
+    return table_reader_->ApproximateOffsetOf(
+        key, TableReaderCaller::kUncategorized);
+  }
+
+  virtual Status Reopen(const ImmutableCFOptions& ioptions,
+                        const MutableCFOptions& moptions) {
+    std::unique_ptr<FSRandomAccessFile> source(new test::StringSource(
+        TEST_GetSink()->contents(), uniq_id_, ioptions.allow_mmap_reads));
+
+    file_reader_.reset(new RandomAccessFileReader(std::move(source), "test"));
+    return ioptions.table_factory->NewTableReader(
+        TableReaderOptions(ioptions, moptions.prefix_extractor.get(), soptions,
+                           *last_internal_key_),
+        std::move(file_reader_), TEST_GetSink()->contents().size(),
+        &table_reader_);
+  }
+
+  virtual TableReader* GetTableReader() { return table_reader_.get(); }
+
+  bool AnywayDeleteIterator() const override {
+    return convert_to_internal_key_;
+  }
+
+  void ResetTableReader() { table_reader_.reset(); }
+
+  bool ConvertToInternalKey() { return convert_to_internal_key_; }
+
+  test::StringSink* TEST_GetSink() {
+    return static_cast<test::StringSink*>(file_writer_->writable_file());
+  }
+
+  BlockCacheTracer block_cache_tracer_;
+
+ private:
+  void Reset() {
+    uniq_id_ = 0;
+    table_reader_.reset();
+    file_writer_.reset();
+    file_reader_.reset();
+  }
+
+  const ReadOptions read_options_;
+  uint64_t uniq_id_;
+  std::unique_ptr<WritableFileWriter> file_writer_;
+  std::unique_ptr<RandomAccessFileReader> file_reader_;
+  std::unique_ptr<TableReader> table_reader_;
+  SequenceNumber largest_seqno_;
+  bool convert_to_internal_key_;
+  int level_;
+
+  TableConstructor();
+
+  static uint64_t cur_uniq_id_;
+  EnvOptions soptions;
+  Env* env_;
+};
+uint64_t TableConstructor::cur_uniq_id_ = 1;
+
+class MemTableConstructor: public Constructor {
+ public:
+  explicit MemTableConstructor(const Comparator* cmp, WriteBufferManager* wb)
+      : Constructor(cmp),
+        internal_comparator_(cmp),
+        write_buffer_manager_(wb),
+        table_factory_(new SkipListFactory) {
+    options_.memtable_factory = table_factory_;
+    ImmutableCFOptions ioptions(options_);
+    memtable_ =
+        new MemTable(internal_comparator_, ioptions, MutableCFOptions(options_),
+                     wb, kMaxSequenceNumber, 0 /* column_family_id */);
+    memtable_->Ref();
+  }
+  ~MemTableConstructor() override { delete memtable_->Unref(); }
+  Status FinishImpl(const Options&, const ImmutableCFOptions& ioptions,
+                    const MutableCFOptions& /*moptions*/,
+                    const BlockBasedTableOptions& /*table_options*/,
+                    const InternalKeyComparator& /*internal_comparator*/,
+                    const stl_wrappers::KVMap& kv_map) override {
+    delete memtable_->Unref();
+    ImmutableCFOptions mem_ioptions(ioptions);
+    memtable_ = new MemTable(internal_comparator_, mem_ioptions,
+                             MutableCFOptions(options_), write_buffer_manager_,
+                             kMaxSequenceNumber, 0 /* column_family_id */);
+    memtable_->Ref();
+    int seq = 1;
+    for (const auto& kv : kv_map) {
+      Status s = memtable_->Add(seq, kTypeValue, kv.first, kv.second);
+      if (!s.ok()) {
+        return s;
+      }
+      seq++;
+    }
+    return Status::OK();
+  }
+  InternalIterator* NewIterator(
+      const SliceTransform* /*prefix_extractor*/) const override {
+    return new KeyConvertingIterator(
+        memtable_->NewIterator(ReadOptions(), &arena_), true);
+  }
+
+  bool AnywayDeleteIterator() const override { return true; }
+
+  bool IsArenaMode() const override { return true; }
+
+ private:
+  mutable Arena arena_;
+  InternalKeyComparator internal_comparator_;
+  Options options_;
+  WriteBufferManager* write_buffer_manager_;
+  MemTable* memtable_;
+  std::shared_ptr<SkipListFactory> table_factory_;
+};
+
+class InternalIteratorFromIterator : public InternalIterator {
+ public:
+  explicit InternalIteratorFromIterator(Iterator* it) : it_(it) {}
+  bool Valid() const override { return it_->Valid(); }
+  void Seek(const Slice& target) override { it_->Seek(target); }
+  void SeekForPrev(const Slice& target) override { it_->SeekForPrev(target); }
+  void SeekToFirst() override { it_->SeekToFirst(); }
+  void SeekToLast() override { it_->SeekToLast(); }
+  void Next() override { it_->Next(); }
+  void Prev() override { it_->Prev(); }
+  Slice key() const override { return it_->key(); }
+  Slice value() const override { return it_->value(); }
+  Status status() const override { return it_->status(); }
+
+ private:
+  std::unique_ptr<Iterator> it_;
+};
+
+class DBConstructor: public Constructor {
+ public:
+  explicit DBConstructor(const Comparator* cmp)
+      : Constructor(cmp),
+        comparator_(cmp) {
+    db_ = nullptr;
+    NewDB();
+  }
+  ~DBConstructor() override { delete db_; }
+  Status FinishImpl(const Options& /*options*/,
+                    const ImmutableCFOptions& /*ioptions*/,
+                    const MutableCFOptions& /*moptions*/,
+                    const BlockBasedTableOptions& /*table_options*/,
+                    const InternalKeyComparator& /*internal_comparator*/,
+                    const stl_wrappers::KVMap& kv_map) override {
+    delete db_;
+    db_ = nullptr;
+    NewDB();
+    for (const auto& kv : kv_map) {
+      WriteBatch batch;
+      EXPECT_OK(batch.Put(kv.first, kv.second));
+      EXPECT_TRUE(db_->Write(WriteOptions(), &batch).ok());
+    }
+    return Status::OK();
+  }
+
+  InternalIterator* NewIterator(
+      const SliceTransform* /*prefix_extractor*/) const override {
+    return new InternalIteratorFromIterator(db_->NewIterator(ReadOptions()));
+  }
+
+  DB* db() const override { return db_; }
+
+ private:
+  void NewDB() {
+    std::string name = test::PerThreadDBPath("table_testdb");
+
+    Options options;
+    options.comparator = comparator_;
+    Status status = DestroyDB(name, options);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(status.ok()) << status.ToString();
+
+    options.create_if_missing = true;
+    options.error_if_exists = true;
+    options.write_buffer_size = 10000;  // Something small to force merging
+    status = DB::Open(options, name, &db_);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(status.ok()) << status.ToString();
+  }
+
+  const Comparator* comparator_;
+  DB* db_;
+};
+
+enum TestType {
+  BLOCK_BASED_TABLE_TEST,
+#ifndef ROCKSDB_LITE
+  PLAIN_TABLE_SEMI_FIXED_PREFIX,
+  PLAIN_TABLE_FULL_STR_PREFIX,
+  PLAIN_TABLE_TOTAL_ORDER,
+#endif  // !ROCKSDB_LITE
+  BLOCK_TEST,
+  MEMTABLE_TEST,
+  DB_TEST
+};
+
+struct TestArgs {
+  TestType type;
+  bool reverse_compare;
+  int restart_interval;
+  CompressionType compression;
+  uint32_t compression_parallel_threads;
+  uint32_t format_version;
+  bool use_mmap;
+};
+
+std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, const TestArgs& args) {
+  os << "type: " << args.type << " reverse_compare: " << args.reverse_compare
+     << " restart_interval: " << args.restart_interval
+     << " compression: " << args.compression
+     << " compression_parallel_threads: " << args.compression_parallel_threads
+     << " format_version: " << args.format_version
+     << " use_mmap: " << args.use_mmap;
+
+  return os;
+}
+
+static std::vector<TestArgs> GenerateArgList() {
+  std::vector<TestArgs> test_args;
+  std::vector<TestType> test_types = {
+      BLOCK_BASED_TABLE_TEST,
+#ifndef ROCKSDB_LITE
+      PLAIN_TABLE_SEMI_FIXED_PREFIX,
+      PLAIN_TABLE_FULL_STR_PREFIX,
+      PLAIN_TABLE_TOTAL_ORDER,
+#endif  // !ROCKSDB_LITE
+      BLOCK_TEST,
+      MEMTABLE_TEST, DB_TEST};
+  std::vector<bool> reverse_compare_types = {false, true};
+  std::vector<int> restart_intervals = {16, 1, 1024};
+  std::vector<uint32_t> compression_parallel_threads = {1, 4};
+
+  // Only add compression if it is supported
+  std::vector<std::pair<CompressionType, bool>> compression_types;
+  compression_types.emplace_back(kNoCompression, false);
+  if (Snappy_Supported()) {
+    compression_types.emplace_back(kSnappyCompression, false);
+  }
+  if (Zlib_Supported()) {
+    compression_types.emplace_back(kZlibCompression, false);
+    compression_types.emplace_back(kZlibCompression, true);
+  }
+  if (BZip2_Supported()) {
+    compression_types.emplace_back(kBZip2Compression, false);
+    compression_types.emplace_back(kBZip2Compression, true);
+  }
+  if (LZ4_Supported()) {
+    compression_types.emplace_back(kLZ4Compression, false);
+    compression_types.emplace_back(kLZ4Compression, true);
+    compression_types.emplace_back(kLZ4HCCompression, false);
+    compression_types.emplace_back(kLZ4HCCompression, true);
+  }
+  if (XPRESS_Supported()) {
+    compression_types.emplace_back(kXpressCompression, false);
+    compression_types.emplace_back(kXpressCompression, true);
+  }
+  if (ZSTD_Supported()) {
+    compression_types.emplace_back(kZSTD, false);
+    compression_types.emplace_back(kZSTD, true);
+  }
+
+  for (auto test_type : test_types) {
+    for (auto reverse_compare : reverse_compare_types) {
+#ifndef ROCKSDB_LITE
+      if (test_type == PLAIN_TABLE_SEMI_FIXED_PREFIX ||
+          test_type == PLAIN_TABLE_FULL_STR_PREFIX ||
+          test_type == PLAIN_TABLE_TOTAL_ORDER) {
+        // Plain table doesn't use restart index or compression.
+        TestArgs one_arg;
+        one_arg.type = test_type;
+        one_arg.reverse_compare = reverse_compare;
+        one_arg.restart_interval = restart_intervals[0];
+        one_arg.compression = compression_types[0].first;
+        one_arg.compression_parallel_threads = 1;
+        one_arg.format_version = 0;
+        one_arg.use_mmap = true;
+        test_args.push_back(one_arg);
+        one_arg.use_mmap = false;
+        test_args.push_back(one_arg);
+        continue;
+      }
+#endif  // !ROCKSDB_LITE
+
+      for (auto restart_interval : restart_intervals) {
+        for (auto compression_type : compression_types) {
+          for (auto num_threads : compression_parallel_threads) {
+            TestArgs one_arg;
+            one_arg.type = test_type;
+            one_arg.reverse_compare = reverse_compare;
+            one_arg.restart_interval = restart_interval;
+            one_arg.compression = compression_type.first;
+            one_arg.compression_parallel_threads = num_threads;
+            one_arg.format_version = compression_type.second ? 2 : 1;
+            one_arg.use_mmap = false;
+            test_args.push_back(one_arg);
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return test_args;
+}
+
+// In order to make all tests run for plain table format, including
+// those operating on empty keys, create a new prefix transformer which
+// return fixed prefix if the slice is not shorter than the prefix length,
+// and the full slice if it is shorter.
+class FixedOrLessPrefixTransform : public SliceTransform {
+ private:
+  const size_t prefix_len_;
+
+ public:
+  explicit FixedOrLessPrefixTransform(size_t prefix_len) :
+      prefix_len_(prefix_len) {
+  }
+
+  const char* Name() const override { return "rocksdb.FixedPrefix"; }
+
+  Slice Transform(const Slice& src) const override {
+    assert(InDomain(src));
+    if (src.size() < prefix_len_) {
+      return src;
+    }
+    return Slice(src.data(), prefix_len_);
+  }
+
+  bool InDomain(const Slice& /*src*/) const override { return true; }
+
+  bool InRange(const Slice& dst) const override {
+    return (dst.size() <= prefix_len_);
+  }
+  bool FullLengthEnabled(size_t* /*len*/) const override { return false; }
+};
+
+class HarnessTest : public testing::Test {
+ public:
+  explicit HarnessTest(const TestArgs& args)
+      : args_(args),
+        ioptions_(options_),
+        moptions_(options_),
+        write_buffer_(options_.db_write_buffer_size),
+        support_prev_(true),
+        only_support_prefix_seek_(false) {
+    options_.compression = args_.compression;
+    options_.compression_opts.parallel_threads =
+        args_.compression_parallel_threads;
+    // Use shorter block size for tests to exercise block boundary
+    // conditions more.
+    if (args_.reverse_compare) {
+      options_.comparator = &reverse_key_comparator;
+    }
+
+    internal_comparator_.reset(
+        new test::PlainInternalKeyComparator(options_.comparator));
+
+    options_.allow_mmap_reads = args_.use_mmap;
+    switch (args_.type) {
+      case BLOCK_BASED_TABLE_TEST:
+        table_options_.flush_block_policy_factory.reset(
+            new FlushBlockBySizePolicyFactory());
+        table_options_.block_size = 256;
+        table_options_.block_restart_interval = args_.restart_interval;
+        table_options_.index_block_restart_interval = args_.restart_interval;
+        table_options_.format_version = args_.format_version;
+        options_.table_factory.reset(
+            new BlockBasedTableFactory(table_options_));
+        constructor_.reset(new TableConstructor(
+            options_.comparator, true /* convert_to_internal_key_ */));
+        internal_comparator_.reset(
+            new InternalKeyComparator(options_.comparator));
+        break;
+// Plain table is not supported in ROCKSDB_LITE
+#ifndef ROCKSDB_LITE
+      case PLAIN_TABLE_SEMI_FIXED_PREFIX:
+        support_prev_ = false;
+        only_support_prefix_seek_ = true;
+        options_.prefix_extractor.reset(new FixedOrLessPrefixTransform(2));
+        options_.table_factory.reset(NewPlainTableFactory());
+        constructor_.reset(new TableConstructor(
+            options_.comparator, true /* convert_to_internal_key_ */));
+        internal_comparator_.reset(
+            new InternalKeyComparator(options_.comparator));
+        break;
+      case PLAIN_TABLE_FULL_STR_PREFIX:
+        support_prev_ = false;
+        only_support_prefix_seek_ = true;
+        options_.prefix_extractor.reset(NewNoopTransform());
+        options_.table_factory.reset(NewPlainTableFactory());
+        constructor_.reset(new TableConstructor(
+            options_.comparator, true /* convert_to_internal_key_ */));
+        internal_comparator_.reset(
+            new InternalKeyComparator(options_.comparator));
+        break;
+      case PLAIN_TABLE_TOTAL_ORDER:
+        support_prev_ = false;
+        only_support_prefix_seek_ = false;
+        options_.prefix_extractor = nullptr;
+
+        {
+          PlainTableOptions plain_table_options;
+          plain_table_options.user_key_len = kPlainTableVariableLength;
+          plain_table_options.bloom_bits_per_key = 0;
+          plain_table_options.hash_table_ratio = 0;
+
+          options_.table_factory.reset(
+              NewPlainTableFactory(plain_table_options));
+        }
+        constructor_.reset(new TableConstructor(
+            options_.comparator, true /* convert_to_internal_key_ */));
+        internal_comparator_.reset(
+            new InternalKeyComparator(options_.comparator));
+        break;
+#endif  // !ROCKSDB_LITE
+      case BLOCK_TEST:
+        table_options_.block_size = 256;
+        options_.table_factory.reset(
+            new BlockBasedTableFactory(table_options_));
+        constructor_.reset(new BlockConstructor(options_.comparator));
+        break;
+      case MEMTABLE_TEST:
+        table_options_.block_size = 256;
+        options_.table_factory.reset(
+            new BlockBasedTableFactory(table_options_));
+        constructor_.reset(
+            new MemTableConstructor(options_.comparator, &write_buffer_));
+        break;
+      case DB_TEST:
+        table_options_.block_size = 256;
+        options_.table_factory.reset(
+            new BlockBasedTableFactory(table_options_));
+        constructor_.reset(new DBConstructor(options_.comparator));
+        break;
+    }
+    ioptions_ = ImmutableCFOptions(options_);
+    moptions_ = MutableCFOptions(options_);
+  }
+
+  void Add(const std::string& key, const std::string& value) {
+    constructor_->Add(key, value);
+  }
+
+  void Test(Random* rnd) {
+    std::vector<std::string> keys;
+    stl_wrappers::KVMap data;
+    constructor_->Finish(options_, ioptions_, moptions_, table_options_,
+                         *internal_comparator_, &keys, &data);
+
+    TestForwardScan(keys, data);
+    if (support_prev_) {
+      TestBackwardScan(keys, data);
+    }
+    TestRandomAccess(rnd, keys, data);
+  }
+
+  void TestForwardScan(const std::vector<std::string>& /*keys*/,
+                       const stl_wrappers::KVMap& data) {
+    InternalIterator* iter = constructor_->NewIterator();
+    ASSERT_TRUE(!iter->Valid());
+    iter->SeekToFirst();
+    ASSERT_OK(iter->status());
+    for (stl_wrappers::KVMap::const_iterator model_iter = data.begin();
+         model_iter != data.end(); ++model_iter) {
+      ASSERT_EQ(ToString(data, model_iter), ToString(iter));
+      iter->Next();
+      ASSERT_OK(iter->status());
+    }
+    ASSERT_TRUE(!iter->Valid());
+    ASSERT_OK(iter->status());
+    if (constructor_->IsArenaMode() && !constructor_->AnywayDeleteIterator()) {
+      iter->~InternalIterator();
+    } else {
+      delete iter;
+    }
+  }
+
+  void TestBackwardScan(const std::vector<std::string>& /*keys*/,
+                        const stl_wrappers::KVMap& data) {
+    InternalIterator* iter = constructor_->NewIterator();
+    ASSERT_TRUE(!iter->Valid());
+    iter->SeekToLast();
+    ASSERT_OK(iter->status());
+    for (stl_wrappers::KVMap::const_reverse_iterator model_iter = data.rbegin();
+         model_iter != data.rend(); ++model_iter) {
+      ASSERT_EQ(ToString(data, model_iter), ToString(iter));
+      iter->Prev();
+      ASSERT_OK(iter->status());
+    }
+    ASSERT_TRUE(!iter->Valid());
+    ASSERT_OK(iter->status());
+    if (constructor_->IsArenaMode() && !constructor_->AnywayDeleteIterator()) {
+      iter->~InternalIterator();
+    } else {
+      delete iter;
+    }
+  }
+
+  void TestRandomAccess(Random* rnd, const std::vector<std::string>& keys,
+                        const stl_wrappers::KVMap& data) {
+    static const bool kVerbose = false;
+    InternalIterator* iter = constructor_->NewIterator();
+    ASSERT_TRUE(!iter->Valid());
+    stl_wrappers::KVMap::const_iterator model_iter = data.begin();
+    if (kVerbose) fprintf(stderr, "---\n");
+    for (int i = 0; i < 200; i++) {
+      const int toss = rnd->Uniform(support_prev_ ? 5 : 3);
+      switch (toss) {
+        case 0: {
+          if (iter->Valid()) {
+            if (kVerbose) fprintf(stderr, "Next\n");
+            iter->Next();
+            ASSERT_OK(iter->status());
+            ++model_iter;
+            ASSERT_EQ(ToString(data, model_iter), ToString(iter));
+          }
+          break;
+        }
+
+        case 1: {
+          if (kVerbose) fprintf(stderr, "SeekToFirst\n");
+          iter->SeekToFirst();
+          ASSERT_OK(iter->status());
+          model_iter = data.begin();
+          ASSERT_EQ(ToString(data, model_iter), ToString(iter));
+          break;
+        }
+
+        case 2: {
+          std::string key = PickRandomKey(rnd, keys);
+          model_iter = data.lower_bound(key);
+          if (kVerbose) fprintf(stderr, "Seek '%s'\n",
+                                EscapeString(key).c_str());
+          iter->Seek(Slice(key));
+          ASSERT_OK(iter->status());
+          ASSERT_EQ(ToString(data, model_iter), ToString(iter));
+          break;
+        }
+
+        case 3: {
+          if (iter->Valid()) {
+            if (kVerbose) fprintf(stderr, "Prev\n");
+            iter->Prev();
+            ASSERT_OK(iter->status());
+            if (model_iter == data.begin()) {
+              model_iter = data.end();   // Wrap around to invalid value
+            } else {
+              --model_iter;
+            }
+            ASSERT_EQ(ToString(data, model_iter), ToString(iter));
+          }
+          break;
+        }
+
+        case 4: {
+          if (kVerbose) fprintf(stderr, "SeekToLast\n");
+          iter->SeekToLast();
+          ASSERT_OK(iter->status());
+          if (keys.empty()) {
+            model_iter = data.end();
+          } else {
+            std::string last = data.rbegin()->first;
+            model_iter = data.lower_bound(last);
+          }
+          ASSERT_EQ(ToString(data, model_iter), ToString(iter));
+          break;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    if (constructor_->IsArenaMode() && !constructor_->AnywayDeleteIterator()) {
+      iter->~InternalIterator();
+    } else {
+      delete iter;
+    }
+  }
+
+  std::string ToString(const stl_wrappers::KVMap& data,
+                       const stl_wrappers::KVMap::const_iterator& it) {
+    if (it == data.end()) {
+      return "END";
+    } else {
+      return "'" + it->first + "->" + it->second + "'";
+    }
+  }
+
+  std::string ToString(const stl_wrappers::KVMap& data,
+                       const stl_wrappers::KVMap::const_reverse_iterator& it) {
+    if (it == data.rend()) {
+      return "END";
+    } else {
+      return "'" + it->first + "->" + it->second + "'";
+    }
+  }
+
+  std::string ToString(const InternalIterator* it) {
+    if (!it->Valid()) {
+      return "END";
+    } else {
+      return "'" + it->key().ToString() + "->" + it->value().ToString() + "'";
+    }
+  }
+
+  std::string PickRandomKey(Random* rnd, const std::vector<std::string>& keys) {
+    if (keys.empty()) {
+      return "foo";
+    } else {
+      const int index = rnd->Uniform(static_cast<int>(keys.size()));
+      std::string result = keys[index];
+      switch (rnd->Uniform(support_prev_ ? 3 : 1)) {
+        case 0:
+          // Return an existing key
+          break;
+        case 1: {
+          // Attempt to return something smaller than an existing key
+          if (result.size() > 0 && result[result.size() - 1] > '\0'
+              && (!only_support_prefix_seek_
+                  || options_.prefix_extractor->Transform(result).size()
+                  < result.size())) {
+            result[result.size() - 1]--;
+          }
+          break;
+      }
+        case 2: {
+          // Return something larger than an existing key
+          Increment(options_.comparator, &result);
+          break;
+        }
+      }
+      return result;
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Returns nullptr if not running against a DB
+  DB* db() const { return constructor_->db(); }
+
+ private:
+  TestArgs args_;
+  Options options_;
+  ImmutableCFOptions ioptions_;
+  MutableCFOptions moptions_;
+  BlockBasedTableOptions table_options_;
+  std::unique_ptr<Constructor> constructor_;
+  WriteBufferManager write_buffer_;
+  bool support_prev_;
+  bool only_support_prefix_seek_;
+  std::shared_ptr<InternalKeyComparator> internal_comparator_;
+};
+
+class ParameterizedHarnessTest : public HarnessTest,
+                                 public testing::WithParamInterface<TestArgs> {
+ public:
+  ParameterizedHarnessTest() : HarnessTest(GetParam()) {}
+};
+
+INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P(TableTest, ParameterizedHarnessTest,
+                        ::testing::ValuesIn(GenerateArgList()));
+
+class DBHarnessTest : public HarnessTest {
+ public:
+  DBHarnessTest()
+      : HarnessTest(TestArgs{DB_TEST, /* reverse_compare */ false,
+                             /* restart_interval */ 16, kNoCompression,
+                             /* compression_parallel_threads */ 1,
+                             /* format_version */ 0, /* use_mmap */ false}) {}
+};
+
+static bool Between(uint64_t val, uint64_t low, uint64_t high) {
+  bool result = (val >= low) && (val <= high);
+  if (!result) {
+    fprintf(stderr, "Value %llu is not in range [%llu, %llu]\n",
+            (unsigned long long)(val),
+            (unsigned long long)(low),
+            (unsigned long long)(high));
+  }
+  return result;
+}
+
+// Tests against all kinds of tables
+class TableTest : public testing::Test {
+ public:
+  const InternalKeyComparator& GetPlainInternalComparator(
+      const Comparator* comp) {
+    if (!plain_internal_comparator) {
+      plain_internal_comparator.reset(
+          new test::PlainInternalKeyComparator(comp));
+    }
+    return *plain_internal_comparator;
+  }
+  void IndexTest(BlockBasedTableOptions table_options);
+
+ private:
+  std::unique_ptr<InternalKeyComparator> plain_internal_comparator;
+};
+
+class GeneralTableTest : public TableTest {};
+class BlockBasedTableTest
+    : public TableTest,
+      virtual public ::testing::WithParamInterface<uint32_t> {
+ public:
+  BlockBasedTableTest() : format_(GetParam()) {
+    env_ = ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::Env::Default();
+  }
+
+  BlockBasedTableOptions GetBlockBasedTableOptions() {
+    BlockBasedTableOptions options;
+    options.format_version = format_;
+    return options;
+  }
+
+  void SetupTracingTest(TableConstructor* c) {
+    test_path_ = test::PerThreadDBPath("block_based_table_tracing_test");
+    EXPECT_OK(env_->CreateDir(test_path_));
+    trace_file_path_ = test_path_ + "/block_cache_trace_file";
+    TraceOptions trace_opt;
+    std::unique_ptr<TraceWriter> trace_writer;
+    EXPECT_OK(NewFileTraceWriter(env_, EnvOptions(), trace_file_path_,
+                                 &trace_writer));
+    // Always return Status::OK().
+    assert(c->block_cache_tracer_
+               .StartTrace(env_, trace_opt, std::move(trace_writer))
+               .ok());
+    {
+      std::string user_key = "k01";
+      InternalKey internal_key(user_key, 0, kTypeValue);
+      std::string encoded_key = internal_key.Encode().ToString();
+      c->Add(encoded_key, kDummyValue);
+    }
+    {
+      std::string user_key = "k02";
+      InternalKey internal_key(user_key, 0, kTypeValue);
+      std::string encoded_key = internal_key.Encode().ToString();
+      c->Add(encoded_key, kDummyValue);
+    }
+  }
+
+  void VerifyBlockAccessTrace(
+      TableConstructor* c,
+      const std::vector<BlockCacheTraceRecord>& expected_records) {
+    c->block_cache_tracer_.EndTrace();
+
+    {
+      std::unique_ptr<TraceReader> trace_reader;
+      Status s =
+          NewFileTraceReader(env_, EnvOptions(), trace_file_path_, &trace_reader);
+      EXPECT_OK(s);
+      BlockCacheTraceReader reader(std::move(trace_reader));
+      BlockCacheTraceHeader header;
+      EXPECT_OK(reader.ReadHeader(&header));
+      uint32_t index = 0;
+      while (s.ok()) {
+        BlockCacheTraceRecord access;
+        s = reader.ReadAccess(&access);
+        if (!s.ok()) {
+          break;
+        }
+        ASSERT_LT(index, expected_records.size());
+        EXPECT_NE("", access.block_key);
+        EXPECT_EQ(access.block_type, expected_records[index].block_type);
+        EXPECT_GT(access.block_size, 0);
+        EXPECT_EQ(access.caller, expected_records[index].caller);
+        EXPECT_EQ(access.no_insert, expected_records[index].no_insert);
+        EXPECT_EQ(access.is_cache_hit, expected_records[index].is_cache_hit);
+        // Get
+        if (access.caller == TableReaderCaller::kUserGet) {
+          EXPECT_EQ(access.referenced_key,
+                    expected_records[index].referenced_key);
+          EXPECT_EQ(access.get_id, expected_records[index].get_id);
+          EXPECT_EQ(access.get_from_user_specified_snapshot,
+                    expected_records[index].get_from_user_specified_snapshot);
+          if (access.block_type == TraceType::kBlockTraceDataBlock) {
+            EXPECT_GT(access.referenced_data_size, 0);
+            EXPECT_GT(access.num_keys_in_block, 0);
+            EXPECT_EQ(access.referenced_key_exist_in_block,
+                      expected_records[index].referenced_key_exist_in_block);
+          }
+        } else {
+          EXPECT_EQ(access.referenced_key, "");
+          EXPECT_EQ(access.get_id, 0);
+          EXPECT_TRUE(access.get_from_user_specified_snapshot == Boolean::kFalse);
+          EXPECT_EQ(access.referenced_data_size, 0);
+          EXPECT_EQ(access.num_keys_in_block, 0);
+          EXPECT_TRUE(access.referenced_key_exist_in_block == Boolean::kFalse);
+        }
+        index++;
+      }
+      EXPECT_EQ(index, expected_records.size());
+    }
+    EXPECT_OK(env_->DeleteFile(trace_file_path_));
+    EXPECT_OK(env_->DeleteDir(test_path_));
+  }
+
+ protected:
+  uint64_t IndexUncompressedHelper(bool indexCompress);
+
+ private:
+  uint32_t format_;
+  Env* env_;
+  std::string trace_file_path_;
+  std::string test_path_;
+};
+class PlainTableTest : public TableTest {};
+class TablePropertyTest : public testing::Test {};
+class BBTTailPrefetchTest : public TableTest {};
+
+// The helper class to test the file checksum
+class FileChecksumTestHelper {
+ public:
+  FileChecksumTestHelper(bool convert_to_internal_key = false)
+      : convert_to_internal_key_(convert_to_internal_key) {
+  }
+  ~FileChecksumTestHelper() {}
+
+  void CreateWriteableFile() {
+    sink_ = new test::StringSink();
+    std::unique_ptr<FSWritableFile> holder(sink_);
+    file_writer_.reset(new WritableFileWriter(
+        std::move(holder), "" /* don't care */, FileOptions()));
+  }
+
+  void SetFileChecksumGenerator(FileChecksumGenerator* checksum_generator) {
+    if (file_writer_ != nullptr) {
+      file_writer_->TEST_SetFileChecksumGenerator(checksum_generator);
+    } else {
+      delete checksum_generator;
+    }
+  }
+
+  WritableFileWriter* GetFileWriter() { return file_writer_.get(); }
+
+  Status ResetTableBuilder(std::unique_ptr<TableBuilder>&& builder) {
+    assert(builder != nullptr);
+    table_builder_ = std::move(builder);
+    return Status::OK();
+  }
+
+  void AddKVtoKVMap(int num_entries) {
+    Random rnd(test::RandomSeed());
+    for (int i = 0; i < num_entries; i++) {
+      std::string v = rnd.RandomString(100);
+      kv_map_[test::RandomKey(&rnd, 20)] = v;
+    }
+  }
+
+  Status WriteKVAndFlushTable() {
+    for (const auto& kv : kv_map_) {
+      if (convert_to_internal_key_) {
+        ParsedInternalKey ikey(kv.first, kMaxSequenceNumber, kTypeValue);
+        std::string encoded;
+        AppendInternalKey(&encoded, ikey);
+        table_builder_->Add(encoded, kv.second);
+      } else {
+        table_builder_->Add(kv.first, kv.second);
+      }
+      EXPECT_TRUE(table_builder_->status().ok());
+    }
+    Status s = table_builder_->Finish();
+    EXPECT_OK(file_writer_->Flush());
+    EXPECT_OK(s);
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(sink_->contents().size(), table_builder_->FileSize());
+    return s;
+  }
+
+  std::string GetFileChecksum() {
+    EXPECT_OK(file_writer_->Close());
+    return table_builder_->GetFileChecksum();
+  }
+
+  const char* GetFileChecksumFuncName() {
+    return table_builder_->GetFileChecksumFuncName();
+  }
+
+  Status CalculateFileChecksum(FileChecksumGenerator* file_checksum_generator,
+                               std::string* checksum) {
+    assert(file_checksum_generator != nullptr);
+    cur_uniq_id_ = checksum_uniq_id_++;
+    test::StringSink* ss_rw =
+        static_cast<test::StringSink*>(file_writer_->writable_file());
+    std::unique_ptr<FSRandomAccessFile> source(
+        new test::StringSource(ss_rw->contents()));
+    file_reader_.reset(new RandomAccessFileReader(std::move(source), "test"));
+
+    std::unique_ptr<char[]> scratch(new char[2048]);
+    Slice result;
+    uint64_t offset = 0;
+    Status s;
+    s = file_reader_->Read(IOOptions(), offset, 2048, &result, scratch.get(),
+                           nullptr, false);
+    if (!s.ok()) {
+      return s;
+    }
+    while (result.size() != 0) {
+      file_checksum_generator->Update(scratch.get(), result.size());
+      offset += static_cast<uint64_t>(result.size());
+      s = file_reader_->Read(IOOptions(), offset, 2048, &result, scratch.get(),
+                             nullptr, false);
+      if (!s.ok()) {
+        return s;
+      }
+    }
+    EXPECT_EQ(offset, static_cast<uint64_t>(table_builder_->FileSize()));
+    file_checksum_generator->Finalize();
+    *checksum = file_checksum_generator->GetChecksum();
+    return Status::OK();
+  }
+
+ private:
+  bool convert_to_internal_key_;
+  uint64_t cur_uniq_id_;
+  std::unique_ptr<WritableFileWriter> file_writer_;
+  std::unique_ptr<RandomAccessFileReader> file_reader_;
+  std::unique_ptr<TableBuilder> table_builder_;
+  stl_wrappers::KVMap kv_map_;
+  test::StringSink* sink_ = nullptr;
+
+  static uint64_t checksum_uniq_id_;
+};
+
+uint64_t FileChecksumTestHelper::checksum_uniq_id_ = 1;
+
+INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P(FormatDef, BlockBasedTableTest,
+                        testing::Values(test::kDefaultFormatVersion));
+INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P(FormatLatest, BlockBasedTableTest,
+                        testing::Values(test::kLatestFormatVersion));
+
+// This test serves as the living tutorial for the prefix scan of user collected
+// properties.
+TEST_F(TablePropertyTest, PrefixScanTest) {
+  UserCollectedProperties props{{"num.111.1", "1"},
+                                {"num.111.2", "2"},
+                                {"num.111.3", "3"},
+                                {"num.333.1", "1"},
+                                {"num.333.2", "2"},
+                                {"num.333.3", "3"},
+                                {"num.555.1", "1"},
+                                {"num.555.2", "2"},
+                                {"num.555.3", "3"}, };
+
+  // prefixes that exist
+  for (const std::string& prefix : {"num.111", "num.333", "num.555"}) {
+    int num = 0;
+    for (auto pos = props.lower_bound(prefix);
+         pos != props.end() &&
+             pos->first.compare(0, prefix.size(), prefix) == 0;
+         ++pos) {
+      ++num;
+      auto key = prefix + "." + ToString(num);
+      ASSERT_EQ(key, pos->first);
+      ASSERT_EQ(ToString(num), pos->second);
+    }
+    ASSERT_EQ(3, num);
+  }
+
+  // prefixes that don't exist
+  for (const std::string& prefix :
+       {"num.000", "num.222", "num.444", "num.666"}) {
+    auto pos = props.lower_bound(prefix);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(pos == props.end() ||
+                pos->first.compare(0, prefix.size(), prefix) != 0);
+  }
+}
+
+// This test include all the basic checks except those for index size and block
+// size, which will be conducted in separated unit tests.
+TEST_P(BlockBasedTableTest, BasicBlockBasedTableProperties) {
+  TableConstructor c(BytewiseComparator(), true /* convert_to_internal_key_ */);
+
+  c.Add("a1", "val1");
+  c.Add("b2", "val2");
+  c.Add("c3", "val3");
+  c.Add("d4", "val4");
+  c.Add("e5", "val5");
+  c.Add("f6", "val6");
+  c.Add("g7", "val7");
+  c.Add("h8", "val8");
+  c.Add("j9", "val9");
+  uint64_t diff_internal_user_bytes = 9 * 8;  // 8 is seq size, 9 k-v totally
+
+  std::vector<std::string> keys;
+  stl_wrappers::KVMap kvmap;
+  Options options;
+  options.compression = kNoCompression;
+  options.statistics = CreateDBStatistics();
+  options.statistics->set_stats_level(StatsLevel::kAll);
+  BlockBasedTableOptions table_options = GetBlockBasedTableOptions();
+  table_options.block_restart_interval = 1;
+  options.table_factory.reset(NewBlockBasedTableFactory(table_options));
+
+  ImmutableCFOptions ioptions(options);
+  MutableCFOptions moptions(options);
+  ioptions.statistics = options.statistics.get();
+  c.Finish(options, ioptions, moptions, table_options,
+           GetPlainInternalComparator(options.comparator), &keys, &kvmap);
+  ASSERT_EQ(options.statistics->getTickerCount(NUMBER_BLOCK_NOT_COMPRESSED), 0);
+
+  auto& props = *c.GetTableReader()->GetTableProperties();
+  ASSERT_EQ(kvmap.size(), props.num_entries);
+
+  auto raw_key_size = kvmap.size() * 2ul;
+  auto raw_value_size = kvmap.size() * 4ul;
+
+  ASSERT_EQ(raw_key_size + diff_internal_user_bytes, props.raw_key_size);
+  ASSERT_EQ(raw_value_size, props.raw_value_size);
+  ASSERT_EQ(1ul, props.num_data_blocks);
+  ASSERT_EQ("", props.filter_policy_name);  // no filter policy is used
+
+  // Verify data size.
+  BlockBuilder block_builder(1);
+  for (const auto& item : kvmap) {
+    block_builder.Add(item.first, item.second);
+  }
+  Slice content = block_builder.Finish();
+  ASSERT_EQ(content.size() + kBlockTrailerSize + diff_internal_user_bytes,
+            props.data_size);
+  c.ResetTableReader();
+}
+
+#ifdef SNAPPY
+uint64_t BlockBasedTableTest::IndexUncompressedHelper(bool compressed) {
+  TableConstructor c(BytewiseComparator(), true /* convert_to_internal_key_ */);
+  constexpr size_t kNumKeys = 10000;
+
+  for (size_t k = 0; k < kNumKeys; ++k) {
+    c.Add("key" + ToString(k), "val" + ToString(k));
+  }
+
+  std::vector<std::string> keys;
+  stl_wrappers::KVMap kvmap;
+  Options options;
+  options.compression = kSnappyCompression;
+  options.statistics = CreateDBStatistics();
+  options.statistics->set_stats_level(StatsLevel::kAll);
+  BlockBasedTableOptions table_options = GetBlockBasedTableOptions();
+  table_options.block_restart_interval = 1;
+  table_options.enable_index_compression = compressed;
+  options.table_factory.reset(NewBlockBasedTableFactory(table_options));
+
+  ImmutableCFOptions ioptions(options);
+  MutableCFOptions moptions(options);
+  ioptions.statistics = options.statistics.get();
+  c.Finish(options, ioptions, moptions, table_options,
+           GetPlainInternalComparator(options.comparator), &keys, &kvmap);
+  c.ResetTableReader();
+  return options.statistics->getTickerCount(NUMBER_BLOCK_COMPRESSED);
+}
+TEST_P(BlockBasedTableTest, IndexUncompressed) {
+  uint64_t tbl1_compressed_cnt = IndexUncompressedHelper(true);
+  uint64_t tbl2_compressed_cnt = IndexUncompressedHelper(false);
+  // tbl1_compressed_cnt should include 1 index block
+  EXPECT_EQ(tbl2_compressed_cnt + 1, tbl1_compressed_cnt);
+}
+#endif  // SNAPPY
+
+TEST_P(BlockBasedTableTest, BlockBasedTableProperties2) {
+  TableConstructor c(&reverse_key_comparator);
+  std::vector<std::string> keys;
+  stl_wrappers::KVMap kvmap;
+
+  {
+    Options options;
+    options.compression = CompressionType::kNoCompression;
+    BlockBasedTableOptions table_options = GetBlockBasedTableOptions();
+    options.table_factory.reset(NewBlockBasedTableFactory(table_options));
+
+    const ImmutableCFOptions ioptions(options);
+    const MutableCFOptions moptions(options);
+    c.Finish(options, ioptions, moptions, table_options,
+             GetPlainInternalComparator(options.comparator), &keys, &kvmap);
+
+    auto& props = *c.GetTableReader()->GetTableProperties();
+
+    // Default comparator
+    ASSERT_EQ("leveldb.BytewiseComparator", props.comparator_name);
+    // No merge operator
+    ASSERT_EQ("nullptr", props.merge_operator_name);
+    // No prefix extractor
+    ASSERT_EQ("nullptr", props.prefix_extractor_name);
+    // No property collectors
+    ASSERT_EQ("[]", props.property_collectors_names);
+    // No filter policy is used
+    ASSERT_EQ("", props.filter_policy_name);
+    // Compression type == that set:
+    ASSERT_EQ("NoCompression", props.compression_name);
+    c.ResetTableReader();
+  }
+
+  {
+    Options options;
+    BlockBasedTableOptions table_options = GetBlockBasedTableOptions();
+    options.table_factory.reset(NewBlockBasedTableFactory(table_options));
+    options.comparator = &reverse_key_comparator;
+    options.merge_operator = MergeOperators::CreateUInt64AddOperator();
+    options.prefix_extractor.reset(NewNoopTransform());
+    options.table_properties_collector_factories.emplace_back(
+        new DummyPropertiesCollectorFactory1());
+    options.table_properties_collector_factories.emplace_back(
+        new DummyPropertiesCollectorFactory2());
+
+    const ImmutableCFOptions ioptions(options);
+    const MutableCFOptions moptions(options);
+    c.Finish(options, ioptions, moptions, table_options,
+             GetPlainInternalComparator(options.comparator), &keys, &kvmap);
+
+    auto& props = *c.GetTableReader()->GetTableProperties();
+
+    ASSERT_EQ("rocksdb.ReverseBytewiseComparator", props.comparator_name);
+    ASSERT_EQ("UInt64AddOperator", props.merge_operator_name);
+    ASSERT_EQ("rocksdb.Noop", props.prefix_extractor_name);
+    ASSERT_EQ(
+        "[DummyPropertiesCollectorFactory1,DummyPropertiesCollectorFactory2]",
+        props.property_collectors_names);
+    ASSERT_EQ("", props.filter_policy_name);  // no filter policy is used
+    c.ResetTableReader();
+  }
+}
+
+TEST_P(BlockBasedTableTest, RangeDelBlock) {
+  TableConstructor c(BytewiseComparator());
+  std::vector<std::string> keys = {"1pika", "2chu"};
+  std::vector<std::string> vals = {"p", "c"};
+
+  std::vector<RangeTombstone> expected_tombstones = {
+      {"1pika", "2chu", 0},
+      {"2chu", "c", 1},
+      {"2chu", "c", 0},
+      {"c", "p", 0},
+  };
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
+    RangeTombstone t(keys[i], vals[i], i);
+    std::pair<InternalKey, Slice> p = t.Serialize();
+    c.Add(p.first.Encode().ToString(), p.second);
+  }
+
+  std::vector<std::string> sorted_keys;
+  stl_wrappers::KVMap kvmap;
+  Options options;
+  options.compression = kNoCompression;
+  BlockBasedTableOptions table_options = GetBlockBasedTableOptions();
+  table_options.block_restart_interval = 1;
+  options.table_factory.reset(NewBlockBasedTableFactory(table_options));
+
+  const ImmutableCFOptions ioptions(options);
+  const MutableCFOptions moptions(options);
+  std::unique_ptr<InternalKeyComparator> internal_cmp(
+      new InternalKeyComparator(options.comparator));
+  c.Finish(options, ioptions, moptions, table_options, *internal_cmp,
+           &sorted_keys, &kvmap);
+
+  for (int j = 0; j < 2; ++j) {
+    std::unique_ptr<InternalIterator> iter(
+        c.GetTableReader()->NewRangeTombstoneIterator(ReadOptions()));
+    if (j > 0) {
+      // For second iteration, delete the table reader object and verify the
+      // iterator can still access its metablock's range tombstones.
+      c.ResetTableReader();
+    }
+    ASSERT_FALSE(iter->Valid());
+    iter->SeekToFirst();
+    ASSERT_TRUE(iter->Valid());
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < expected_tombstones.size(); i++) {
+      ASSERT_TRUE(iter->Valid());
+      ParsedInternalKey parsed_key;
+      ASSERT_OK(
+          ParseInternalKey(iter->key(), &parsed_key, true /* log_err_key */));
+      RangeTombstone t(parsed_key, iter->value());
+      const auto& expected_t = expected_tombstones[i];
+      ASSERT_EQ(t.start_key_, expected_t.start_key_);
+      ASSERT_EQ(t.end_key_, expected_t.end_key_);
+      ASSERT_EQ(t.seq_, expected_t.seq_);
+      iter->Next();
+    }
+    ASSERT_TRUE(!iter->Valid());
+  }
+}
+
+TEST_P(BlockBasedTableTest, FilterPolicyNameProperties) {
+  TableConstructor c(BytewiseComparator(), true /* convert_to_internal_key_ */);
+  c.Add("a1", "val1");
+  std::vector<std::string> keys;
+  stl_wrappers::KVMap kvmap;
+  BlockBasedTableOptions table_options = GetBlockBasedTableOptions();
+  table_options.filter_policy.reset(NewBloomFilterPolicy(10));
+  Options options;
+  options.table_factory.reset(NewBlockBasedTableFactory(table_options));
+
+  const ImmutableCFOptions ioptions(options);
+  const MutableCFOptions moptions(options);
+  c.Finish(options, ioptions, moptions, table_options,
+           GetPlainInternalComparator(options.comparator), &keys, &kvmap);
+  auto& props = *c.GetTableReader()->GetTableProperties();
+  ASSERT_EQ("rocksdb.BuiltinBloomFilter", props.filter_policy_name);
+  c.ResetTableReader();
+}
+
+//
+// BlockBasedTableTest::PrefetchTest
+//
+void AssertKeysInCache(BlockBasedTable* table_reader,
+                       const std::vector<std::string>& keys_in_cache,
+                       const std::vector<std::string>& keys_not_in_cache,
+                       bool convert = false) {
+  if (convert) {
+    for (auto key : keys_in_cache) {
+      InternalKey ikey(key, kMaxSequenceNumber, kTypeValue);
+      ASSERT_TRUE(table_reader->TEST_KeyInCache(ReadOptions(), ikey.Encode()));
+    }
+    for (auto key : keys_not_in_cache) {
+      InternalKey ikey(key, kMaxSequenceNumber, kTypeValue);
+      ASSERT_TRUE(!table_reader->TEST_KeyInCache(ReadOptions(), ikey.Encode()));
+    }
+  } else {
+    for (auto key : keys_in_cache) {
+      ASSERT_TRUE(table_reader->TEST_KeyInCache(ReadOptions(), key));
+    }
+    for (auto key : keys_not_in_cache) {
+      ASSERT_TRUE(!table_reader->TEST_KeyInCache(ReadOptions(), key));
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+void PrefetchRange(TableConstructor* c, Options* opt,
+                   BlockBasedTableOptions* table_options, const char* key_begin,
+                   const char* key_end,
+                   const std::vector<std::string>& keys_in_cache,
+                   const std::vector<std::string>& keys_not_in_cache,
+                   const Status expected_status = Status::OK()) {
+  // reset the cache and reopen the table
+  table_options->block_cache = NewLRUCache(16 * 1024 * 1024, 4);
+  opt->table_factory.reset(NewBlockBasedTableFactory(*table_options));
+  const ImmutableCFOptions ioptions2(*opt);
+  const MutableCFOptions moptions(*opt);
+  ASSERT_OK(c->Reopen(ioptions2, moptions));
+
+  // prefetch
+  auto* table_reader = dynamic_cast<BlockBasedTable*>(c->GetTableReader());
+  Status s;
+  std::unique_ptr<Slice> begin, end;
+  std::unique_ptr<InternalKey> i_begin, i_end;
+  if (key_begin != nullptr) {
+    if (c->ConvertToInternalKey()) {
+      i_begin.reset(new InternalKey(key_begin, kMaxSequenceNumber, kTypeValue));
+      begin.reset(new Slice(i_begin->Encode()));
+    } else {
+      begin.reset(new Slice(key_begin));
+    }
+  }
+  if (key_end != nullptr) {
+    if (c->ConvertToInternalKey()) {
+      i_end.reset(new InternalKey(key_end, kMaxSequenceNumber, kTypeValue));
+      end.reset(new Slice(i_end->Encode()));
+    } else {
+      end.reset(new Slice(key_end));
+    }
+  }
+  s = table_reader->Prefetch(begin.get(), end.get());
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(s.code() == expected_status.code());
+
+  // assert our expectation in cache warmup
+  AssertKeysInCache(table_reader, keys_in_cache, keys_not_in_cache,
+                    c->ConvertToInternalKey());
+  c->ResetTableReader();
+}
+
+TEST_P(BlockBasedTableTest, PrefetchTest) {
+  // The purpose of this test is to test the prefetching operation built into
+  // BlockBasedTable.
+  Options opt;
+  std::unique_ptr<InternalKeyComparator> ikc;
+  ikc.reset(new test::PlainInternalKeyComparator(opt.comparator));
+  opt.compression = kNoCompression;
+  BlockBasedTableOptions table_options = GetBlockBasedTableOptions();
+  table_options.block_size = 1024;
+  // big enough so we don't ever lose cached values.
+  table_options.block_cache = NewLRUCache(16 * 1024 * 1024, 4);
+  opt.table_factory.reset(NewBlockBasedTableFactory(table_options));
+
+  TableConstructor c(BytewiseComparator(), true /* convert_to_internal_key_ */);
+  c.Add("k01", "hello");
+  c.Add("k02", "hello2");
+  c.Add("k03", std::string(10000, 'x'));
+  c.Add("k04", std::string(200000, 'x'));
+  c.Add("k05", std::string(300000, 'x'));
+  c.Add("k06", "hello3");
+  c.Add("k07", std::string(100000, 'x'));
+  std::vector<std::string> keys;
+  stl_wrappers::KVMap kvmap;
+  const ImmutableCFOptions ioptions(opt);
+  const MutableCFOptions moptions(opt);
+  c.Finish(opt, ioptions, moptions, table_options, *ikc, &keys, &kvmap);
+  c.ResetTableReader();
+
+  // We get the following data spread :
+  //
+  // Data block         Index
+  // ========================
+  // [ k01 k02 k03 ]    k03
+  // [ k04         ]    k04
+  // [ k05         ]    k05
+  // [ k06 k07     ]    k07
+
+
+  // Simple
+  PrefetchRange(&c, &opt, &table_options,
+                /*key_range=*/"k01", "k05",
+                /*keys_in_cache=*/{"k01", "k02", "k03", "k04", "k05"},
+                /*keys_not_in_cache=*/{"k06", "k07"});
+  PrefetchRange(&c, &opt, &table_options, "k01", "k01", {"k01", "k02", "k03"},
+                {"k04", "k05", "k06", "k07"});
+  // odd
+  PrefetchRange(&c, &opt, &table_options, "a", "z",
+                {"k01", "k02", "k03", "k04", "k05", "k06", "k07"}, {});
+  PrefetchRange(&c, &opt, &table_options, "k00", "k00", {"k01", "k02", "k03"},
+                {"k04", "k05", "k06", "k07"});
+  // Edge cases
+  PrefetchRange(&c, &opt, &table_options, "k00", "k06",
+                {"k01", "k02", "k03", "k04", "k05", "k06", "k07"}, {});
+  PrefetchRange(&c, &opt, &table_options, "k00", "zzz",
+                {"k01", "k02", "k03", "k04", "k05", "k06", "k07"}, {});
+  // null keys
+  PrefetchRange(&c, &opt, &table_options, nullptr, nullptr,
+                {"k01", "k02", "k03", "k04", "k05", "k06", "k07"}, {});
+  PrefetchRange(&c, &opt, &table_options, "k04", nullptr,
+                {"k04", "k05", "k06", "k07"}, {"k01", "k02", "k03"});
+  PrefetchRange(&c, &opt, &table_options, nullptr, "k05",
+                {"k01", "k02", "k03", "k04", "k05"}, {"k06", "k07"});
+  // invalid
+  PrefetchRange(&c, &opt, &table_options, "k06", "k00", {}, {},
+                Status::InvalidArgument(Slice("k06 "), Slice("k07")));
+  c.ResetTableReader();
+}
+
+TEST_P(BlockBasedTableTest, TotalOrderSeekOnHashIndex) {
+  BlockBasedTableOptions table_options = GetBlockBasedTableOptions();
+  for (int i = 0; i <= 5; ++i) {
+    Options options;
+    // Make each key/value an individual block
+    table_options.block_size = 64;
+    switch (i) {
+    case 0:
+      // Binary search index
+      table_options.index_type = BlockBasedTableOptions::kBinarySearch;
+      options.table_factory.reset(new BlockBasedTableFactory(table_options));
+      break;
+    case 1:
+      // Hash search index
+      table_options.index_type = BlockBasedTableOptions::kHashSearch;
+      options.table_factory.reset(new BlockBasedTableFactory(table_options));
+      options.prefix_extractor.reset(NewFixedPrefixTransform(4));
+      break;
+    case 2:
+      // Hash search index with hash_index_allow_collision
+      table_options.index_type = BlockBasedTableOptions::kHashSearch;
+      table_options.hash_index_allow_collision = true;
+      options.table_factory.reset(new BlockBasedTableFactory(table_options));
+      options.prefix_extractor.reset(NewFixedPrefixTransform(4));
+      break;
+    case 3:
+      // Hash search index with filter policy
+      table_options.index_type = BlockBasedTableOptions::kHashSearch;
+      table_options.filter_policy.reset(NewBloomFilterPolicy(10));
+      options.table_factory.reset(new BlockBasedTableFactory(table_options));
+      options.prefix_extractor.reset(NewFixedPrefixTransform(4));
+      break;
+    case 4:
+      // Two-level index
+      table_options.index_type = BlockBasedTableOptions::kTwoLevelIndexSearch;
+      options.table_factory.reset(new BlockBasedTableFactory(table_options));
+      break;
+    case 5:
+      // Binary search with first key
+      table_options.index_type =
+          BlockBasedTableOptions::kBinarySearchWithFirstKey;
+      options.table_factory.reset(new BlockBasedTableFactory(table_options));
+      break;
+    }
+
+    TableConstructor c(BytewiseComparator(),
+                       true /* convert_to_internal_key_ */);
+    c.Add("aaaa1", std::string('a', 56));
+    c.Add("bbaa1", std::string('a', 56));
+    c.Add("cccc1", std::string('a', 56));
+    c.Add("bbbb1", std::string('a', 56));
+    c.Add("baaa1", std::string('a', 56));
+    c.Add("abbb1", std::string('a', 56));
+    c.Add("cccc2", std::string('a', 56));
+    std::vector<std::string> keys;
+    stl_wrappers::KVMap kvmap;
+    const ImmutableCFOptions ioptions(options);
+    const MutableCFOptions moptions(options);
+    c.Finish(options, ioptions, moptions, table_options,
+             GetPlainInternalComparator(options.comparator), &keys, &kvmap);
+    auto props = c.GetTableReader()->GetTableProperties();
+    ASSERT_EQ(7u, props->num_data_blocks);
+    auto* reader = c.GetTableReader();
+    ReadOptions ro;
+    ro.total_order_seek = true;
+    std::unique_ptr<InternalIterator> iter(reader->NewIterator(
+        ro, moptions.prefix_extractor.get(), /*arena=*/nullptr,
+        /*skip_filters=*/false, TableReaderCaller::kUncategorized));
+
+    iter->Seek(InternalKey("b", 0, kTypeValue).Encode());
+    ASSERT_OK(iter->status());
+    ASSERT_TRUE(iter->Valid());
+    ASSERT_EQ("baaa1", ExtractUserKey(iter->key()).ToString());
+    iter->Next();
+    ASSERT_OK(iter->status());
+    ASSERT_TRUE(iter->Valid());
+    ASSERT_EQ("bbaa1", ExtractUserKey(iter->key()).ToString());
+
+    iter->Seek(InternalKey("bb", 0, kTypeValue).Encode());
+    ASSERT_OK(iter->status());
+    ASSERT_TRUE(iter->Valid());
+    ASSERT_EQ("bbaa1", ExtractUserKey(iter->key()).ToString());
+    iter->Next();
+    ASSERT_OK(iter->status());
+    ASSERT_TRUE(iter->Valid());
+    ASSERT_EQ("bbbb1", ExtractUserKey(iter->key()).ToString());
+
+    iter->Seek(InternalKey("bbb", 0, kTypeValue).Encode());
+    ASSERT_OK(iter->status());
+    ASSERT_TRUE(iter->Valid());
+    ASSERT_EQ("bbbb1", ExtractUserKey(iter->key()).ToString());
+    iter->Next();
+    ASSERT_OK(iter->status());
+    ASSERT_TRUE(iter->Valid());
+    ASSERT_EQ("cccc1", ExtractUserKey(iter->key()).ToString());
+  }
+}
+
+TEST_P(BlockBasedTableTest, NoopTransformSeek) {
+  BlockBasedTableOptions table_options = GetBlockBasedTableOptions();
+  table_options.filter_policy.reset(NewBloomFilterPolicy(10));
+
+  Options options;
+  options.comparator = BytewiseComparator();
+  options.table_factory.reset(new BlockBasedTableFactory(table_options));
+  options.prefix_extractor.reset(NewNoopTransform());
+
+  TableConstructor c(options.comparator);
+  // To tickle the PrefixMayMatch bug it is important that the
+  // user-key is a single byte so that the index key exactly matches
+  // the user-key.
+  InternalKey key("a", 1, kTypeValue);
+  c.Add(key.Encode().ToString(), "b");
+  std::vector<std::string> keys;
+  stl_wrappers::KVMap kvmap;
+  const ImmutableCFOptions ioptions(options);
+  const MutableCFOptions moptions(options);
+  const InternalKeyComparator internal_comparator(options.comparator);
+  c.Finish(options, ioptions, moptions, table_options, internal_comparator,
+           &keys, &kvmap);
+
+  auto* reader = c.GetTableReader();
+  for (int i = 0; i < 2; ++i) {
+    ReadOptions ro;
+    ro.total_order_seek = (i == 0);
+    std::unique_ptr<InternalIterator> iter(reader->NewIterator(
+        ro, moptions.prefix_extractor.get(), /*arena=*/nullptr,
+        /*skip_filters=*/false, TableReaderCaller::kUncategorized));
+
+    iter->Seek(key.Encode());
+    ASSERT_OK(iter->status());
+    ASSERT_TRUE(iter->Valid());
+    ASSERT_EQ("a", ExtractUserKey(iter->key()).ToString());
+  }
+}
+
+TEST_P(BlockBasedTableTest, SkipPrefixBloomFilter) {
+  // if DB is opened with a prefix extractor of a different name,
+  // prefix bloom is skipped when read the file
+  BlockBasedTableOptions table_options = GetBlockBasedTableOptions();
+  table_options.filter_policy.reset(NewBloomFilterPolicy(2));
+  table_options.whole_key_filtering = false;
+
+  Options options;
+  options.comparator = BytewiseComparator();
+  options.table_factory.reset(new BlockBasedTableFactory(table_options));
+  options.prefix_extractor.reset(NewFixedPrefixTransform(1));
+
+  TableConstructor c(options.comparator);
+  InternalKey key("abcdefghijk", 1, kTypeValue);
+  c.Add(key.Encode().ToString(), "test");
+  std::vector<std::string> keys;
+  stl_wrappers::KVMap kvmap;
+  const ImmutableCFOptions ioptions(options);
+  const MutableCFOptions moptions(options);
+  const InternalKeyComparator internal_comparator(options.comparator);
+  c.Finish(options, ioptions, moptions, table_options, internal_comparator,
+           &keys, &kvmap);
+  // TODO(Zhongyi): update test to use MutableCFOptions
+  options.prefix_extractor.reset(NewFixedPrefixTransform(9));
+  const ImmutableCFOptions new_ioptions(options);
+  const MutableCFOptions new_moptions(options);
+  ASSERT_OK(c.Reopen(new_ioptions, new_moptions));
+  auto reader = c.GetTableReader();
+  ReadOptions read_options;
+  std::unique_ptr<InternalIterator> db_iter(reader->NewIterator(
+      read_options, new_moptions.prefix_extractor.get(), /*arena=*/nullptr,
+      /*skip_filters=*/false, TableReaderCaller::kUncategorized));
+
+  // Test point lookup
+  // only one kv
+  for (auto& kv : kvmap) {
+    db_iter->Seek(kv.first);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(db_iter->Valid());
+    ASSERT_OK(db_iter->status());
+    ASSERT_EQ(db_iter->key(), kv.first);
+    ASSERT_EQ(db_iter->value(), kv.second);
+  }
+}
+
+void AddInternalKey(TableConstructor* c, const std::string& prefix,
+                    std::string value = "v", int /*suffix_len*/ = 800) {
+  static Random rnd(1023);
+  InternalKey k(prefix + rnd.RandomString(800), 0, kTypeValue);
+  c->Add(k.Encode().ToString(), value);
+}
+
+void TableTest::IndexTest(BlockBasedTableOptions table_options) {
+  TableConstructor c(BytewiseComparator());
+
+  // keys with prefix length 3, make sure the key/value is big enough to fill
+  // one block
+  AddInternalKey(&c, "0015");
+  AddInternalKey(&c, "0035");
+
+  AddInternalKey(&c, "0054");
+  AddInternalKey(&c, "0055");
+
+  AddInternalKey(&c, "0056");
+  AddInternalKey(&c, "0057");
+
+  AddInternalKey(&c, "0058");
+  AddInternalKey(&c, "0075");
+
+  AddInternalKey(&c, "0076");
+  AddInternalKey(&c, "0095");
+
+  std::vector<std::string> keys;
+  stl_wrappers::KVMap kvmap;
+  Options options;
+  options.prefix_extractor.reset(NewFixedPrefixTransform(3));
+  table_options.block_size = 1700;
+  table_options.block_cache = NewLRUCache(1024, 4);
+  options.table_factory.reset(NewBlockBasedTableFactory(table_options));
+
+  std::unique_ptr<InternalKeyComparator> comparator(
+      new InternalKeyComparator(BytewiseComparator()));
+  const ImmutableCFOptions ioptions(options);
+  const MutableCFOptions moptions(options);
+  c.Finish(options, ioptions, moptions, table_options, *comparator, &keys,
+           &kvmap);
+  auto reader = c.GetTableReader();
+
+  auto props = reader->GetTableProperties();
+  ASSERT_EQ(5u, props->num_data_blocks);
+
+  // TODO(Zhongyi): update test to use MutableCFOptions
+  ReadOptions read_options;
+  std::unique_ptr<InternalIterator> index_iter(reader->NewIterator(
+      read_options, moptions.prefix_extractor.get(), /*arena=*/nullptr,
+      /*skip_filters=*/false, TableReaderCaller::kUncategorized));
+
+  // -- Find keys do not exist, but have common prefix.
+  std::vector<std::string> prefixes = {"001", "003", "005", "007", "009"};
+  std::vector<std::string> lower_bound = {
+      keys[0], keys[1], keys[2], keys[7], keys[9],
+  };
+
+  // find the lower bound of the prefix
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < prefixes.size(); ++i) {
+    index_iter->Seek(InternalKey(prefixes[i], 0, kTypeValue).Encode());
+    ASSERT_OK(index_iter->status());
+    ASSERT_TRUE(index_iter->Valid());
+
+    // seek the first element in the block
+    ASSERT_EQ(lower_bound[i], index_iter->key().ToString());
+    ASSERT_EQ("v", index_iter->value().ToString());
+  }
+
+  // find the upper bound of prefixes
+  std::vector<std::string> upper_bound = {keys[1], keys[2], keys[7], keys[9], };
+
+  // find existing keys
+  for (const auto& item : kvmap) {
+    auto ukey = ExtractUserKey(item.first).ToString();
+    index_iter->Seek(ukey);
+
+    // ASSERT_OK(regular_iter->status());
+    ASSERT_OK(index_iter->status());
+
+    // ASSERT_TRUE(regular_iter->Valid());
+    ASSERT_TRUE(index_iter->Valid());
+
+    ASSERT_EQ(item.first, index_iter->key().ToString());
+    ASSERT_EQ(item.second, index_iter->value().ToString());
+  }
+
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < prefixes.size(); ++i) {
+    // the key is greater than any existing keys.
+    auto key = prefixes[i] + "9";
+    index_iter->Seek(InternalKey(key, 0, kTypeValue).Encode());
+
+    ASSERT_TRUE(index_iter->status().ok() || index_iter->status().IsNotFound());
+    ASSERT_TRUE(!index_iter->status().IsNotFound() || !index_iter->Valid());
+    if (i == prefixes.size() - 1) {
+      // last key
+      ASSERT_TRUE(!index_iter->Valid());
+    } else {
+      ASSERT_TRUE(index_iter->Valid());
+      // seek the first element in the block
+      ASSERT_EQ(upper_bound[i], index_iter->key().ToString());
+      ASSERT_EQ("v", index_iter->value().ToString());
+    }
+  }
+
+  // find keys with prefix that don't match any of the existing prefixes.
+  std::vector<std::string> non_exist_prefixes = {"002", "004", "006", "008"};
+  for (const auto& prefix : non_exist_prefixes) {
+    index_iter->Seek(InternalKey(prefix, 0, kTypeValue).Encode());
+    // regular_iter->Seek(prefix);
+
+    ASSERT_OK(index_iter->status());
+    // Seek to non-existing prefixes should yield either invalid, or a
+    // key with prefix greater than the target.
+    if (index_iter->Valid()) {
+      Slice ukey = ExtractUserKey(index_iter->key());
+      Slice ukey_prefix = options.prefix_extractor->Transform(ukey);
+      ASSERT_TRUE(BytewiseComparator()->Compare(prefix, ukey_prefix) < 0);
+    }
+  }
+  for (const auto& prefix : non_exist_prefixes) {
+    index_iter->SeekForPrev(InternalKey(prefix, 0, kTypeValue).Encode());
+    // regular_iter->Seek(prefix);
+
+    ASSERT_OK(index_iter->status());
+    // Seek to non-existing prefixes should yield either invalid, or a
+    // key with prefix greater than the target.
+    if (index_iter->Valid()) {
+      Slice ukey = ExtractUserKey(index_iter->key());
+      Slice ukey_prefix = options.prefix_extractor->Transform(ukey);
+      ASSERT_TRUE(BytewiseComparator()->Compare(prefix, ukey_prefix) > 0);
+    }
+  }
+
+  {
+    // Test reseek case. It should impact partitioned index more.
+    ReadOptions ro;
+    ro.total_order_seek = true;
+    std::unique_ptr<InternalIterator> index_iter2(reader->NewIterator(
+        ro, moptions.prefix_extractor.get(), /*arena=*/nullptr,
+        /*skip_filters=*/false, TableReaderCaller::kUncategorized));
+
+    // Things to cover in partitioned index:
+    // 1. Both of Seek() and SeekToLast() has optimization to prevent
+    //    rereek leaf index block if it remains to the same one, and
+    //    they reuse the same variable.
+    // 2. When Next() or Prev() is called, the block moves, so the
+    //    optimization should kick in only with the current one.
+    index_iter2->Seek(InternalKey("0055", 0, kTypeValue).Encode());
+    ASSERT_TRUE(index_iter2->Valid());
+    ASSERT_EQ("0055", index_iter2->key().ToString().substr(0, 4));
+
+    index_iter2->SeekToLast();
+    ASSERT_TRUE(index_iter2->Valid());
+    ASSERT_EQ("0095", index_iter2->key().ToString().substr(0, 4));
+
+    index_iter2->Seek(InternalKey("0055", 0, kTypeValue).Encode());
+    ASSERT_TRUE(index_iter2->Valid());
+    ASSERT_EQ("0055", index_iter2->key().ToString().substr(0, 4));
+
+    index_iter2->SeekToLast();
+    ASSERT_TRUE(index_iter2->Valid());
+    ASSERT_EQ("0095", index_iter2->key().ToString().substr(0, 4));
+    index_iter2->Prev();
+    ASSERT_TRUE(index_iter2->Valid());
+    index_iter2->Prev();
+    ASSERT_TRUE(index_iter2->Valid());
+    ASSERT_EQ("0075", index_iter2->key().ToString().substr(0, 4));
+
+    index_iter2->Seek(InternalKey("0095", 0, kTypeValue).Encode());
+    ASSERT_TRUE(index_iter2->Valid());
+    ASSERT_EQ("0095", index_iter2->key().ToString().substr(0, 4));
+    index_iter2->Prev();
+    ASSERT_TRUE(index_iter2->Valid());
+    index_iter2->Prev();
+    ASSERT_TRUE(index_iter2->Valid());
+    ASSERT_EQ("0075", index_iter2->key().ToString().substr(0, 4));
+
+    index_iter2->SeekToLast();
+    ASSERT_TRUE(index_iter2->Valid());
+    ASSERT_EQ("0095", index_iter2->key().ToString().substr(0, 4));
+
+    index_iter2->Seek(InternalKey("0095", 0, kTypeValue).Encode());
+    ASSERT_TRUE(index_iter2->Valid());
+    ASSERT_EQ("0095", index_iter2->key().ToString().substr(0, 4));
+
+    index_iter2->Prev();
+    ASSERT_TRUE(index_iter2->Valid());
+    index_iter2->Prev();
+    ASSERT_TRUE(index_iter2->Valid());
+    ASSERT_EQ("0075", index_iter2->key().ToString().substr(0, 4));
+
+    index_iter2->Seek(InternalKey("0075", 0, kTypeValue).Encode());
+    ASSERT_TRUE(index_iter2->Valid());
+    ASSERT_EQ("0075", index_iter2->key().ToString().substr(0, 4));
+
+    index_iter2->Next();
+    ASSERT_TRUE(index_iter2->Valid());
+    index_iter2->Next();
+    ASSERT_TRUE(index_iter2->Valid());
+    ASSERT_EQ("0095", index_iter2->key().ToString().substr(0, 4));
+
+    index_iter2->SeekToLast();
+    ASSERT_TRUE(index_iter2->Valid());
+    ASSERT_EQ("0095", index_iter2->key().ToString().substr(0, 4));
+  }
+
+  c.ResetTableReader();
+}
+
+TEST_P(BlockBasedTableTest, BinaryIndexTest) {
+  BlockBasedTableOptions table_options = GetBlockBasedTableOptions();
+  table_options.index_type = BlockBasedTableOptions::kBinarySearch;
+  IndexTest(table_options);
+}
+
+TEST_P(BlockBasedTableTest, HashIndexTest) {
+  BlockBasedTableOptions table_options = GetBlockBasedTableOptions();
+  table_options.index_type = BlockBasedTableOptions::kHashSearch;
+  IndexTest(table_options);
+}
+
+TEST_P(BlockBasedTableTest, PartitionIndexTest) {
+  const int max_index_keys = 5;
+  const int est_max_index_key_value_size = 32;
+  const int est_max_index_size = max_index_keys * est_max_index_key_value_size;
+  for (int i = 1; i <= est_max_index_size + 1; i++) {
+    BlockBasedTableOptions table_options = GetBlockBasedTableOptions();
+    table_options.index_type = BlockBasedTableOptions::kTwoLevelIndexSearch;
+    table_options.metadata_block_size = i;
+    IndexTest(table_options);
+  }
+}
+
+TEST_P(BlockBasedTableTest, IndexSeekOptimizationIncomplete) {
+  std::unique_ptr<InternalKeyComparator> comparator(
+      new InternalKeyComparator(BytewiseComparator()));
+  BlockBasedTableOptions table_options = GetBlockBasedTableOptions();
+  Options options;
+  options.table_factory.reset(NewBlockBasedTableFactory(table_options));
+  const ImmutableCFOptions ioptions(options);
+  const MutableCFOptions moptions(options);
+
+  TableConstructor c(BytewiseComparator());
+  AddInternalKey(&c, "pika");
+
+  std::vector<std::string> keys;
+  stl_wrappers::KVMap kvmap;
+  c.Finish(options, ioptions, moptions, table_options, *comparator, &keys,
+           &kvmap);
+  ASSERT_EQ(1, keys.size());
+
+  auto reader = c.GetTableReader();
+  ReadOptions ropt;
+  ropt.read_tier = ReadTier::kBlockCacheTier;
+  std::unique_ptr<InternalIterator> iter(reader->NewIterator(
+      ropt, /*prefix_extractor=*/nullptr, /*arena=*/nullptr,
+      /*skip_filters=*/false, TableReaderCaller::kUncategorized));
+
+  auto ikey = [](Slice user_key) {
+    return InternalKey(user_key, 0, kTypeValue).Encode().ToString();
+  };
+
+  iter->Seek(ikey("pika"));
+  ASSERT_FALSE(iter->Valid());
+  ASSERT_TRUE(iter->status().IsIncomplete());
+
+  // This used to crash at some point.
+  iter->Seek(ikey("pika"));
+  ASSERT_FALSE(iter->Valid());
+  ASSERT_TRUE(iter->status().IsIncomplete());
+}
+
+TEST_P(BlockBasedTableTest, BinaryIndexWithFirstKey1) {
+  BlockBasedTableOptions table_options = GetBlockBasedTableOptions();
+  table_options.index_type = BlockBasedTableOptions::kBinarySearchWithFirstKey;
+  IndexTest(table_options);
+}
+
+class CustomFlushBlockPolicy : public FlushBlockPolicyFactory,
+                               public FlushBlockPolicy {
+ public:
+  explicit CustomFlushBlockPolicy(std::vector<int> keys_per_block)
+      : keys_per_block_(keys_per_block) {}
+
+  const char* Name() const override { return "CustomFlushBlockPolicy"; }
+
+  FlushBlockPolicy* NewFlushBlockPolicy(const BlockBasedTableOptions&,
+                                        const BlockBuilder&) const override {
+    return new CustomFlushBlockPolicy(keys_per_block_);
+  }
+
+  bool Update(const Slice&, const Slice&) override {
+    if (keys_in_current_block_ >= keys_per_block_.at(current_block_idx_)) {
+      ++current_block_idx_;
+      keys_in_current_block_ = 1;
+      return true;
+    }
+
+    ++keys_in_current_block_;
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  std::vector<int> keys_per_block_;
+
+  int current_block_idx_ = 0;
+  int keys_in_current_block_ = 0;
+};
+
+TEST_P(BlockBasedTableTest, BinaryIndexWithFirstKey2) {
+  for (int use_first_key = 0; use_first_key < 2; ++use_first_key) {
+    SCOPED_TRACE("use_first_key = " + std::to_string(use_first_key));
+    BlockBasedTableOptions table_options = GetBlockBasedTableOptions();
+    table_options.index_type =
+        use_first_key ? BlockBasedTableOptions::kBinarySearchWithFirstKey
+                      : BlockBasedTableOptions::kBinarySearch;
+    table_options.block_cache = NewLRUCache(10000);  // fits all blocks
+    table_options.index_shortening =
+        BlockBasedTableOptions::IndexShorteningMode::kNoShortening;
+    table_options.flush_block_policy_factory =
+        std::make_shared<CustomFlushBlockPolicy>(std::vector<int>{2, 1, 3, 2});
+    Options options;
+    options.table_factory.reset(NewBlockBasedTableFactory(table_options));
+    options.statistics = CreateDBStatistics();
+    Statistics* stats = options.statistics.get();
+    std::unique_ptr<InternalKeyComparator> comparator(
+        new InternalKeyComparator(BytewiseComparator()));
+    const ImmutableCFOptions ioptions(options);
+    const MutableCFOptions moptions(options);
+
+    TableConstructor c(BytewiseComparator());
+
+    // Block 0.
+    AddInternalKey(&c, "aaaa", "v0");
+    AddInternalKey(&c, "aaac", "v1");
+
+    // Block 1.
+    AddInternalKey(&c, "aaca", "v2");
+
+    // Block 2.
+    AddInternalKey(&c, "caaa", "v3");
+    AddInternalKey(&c, "caac", "v4");
+    AddInternalKey(&c, "caae", "v5");
+
+    // Block 3.
+    AddInternalKey(&c, "ccaa", "v6");
+    AddInternalKey(&c, "ccac", "v7");
+
+    // Write the file.
+    std::vector<std::string> keys;
+    stl_wrappers::KVMap kvmap;
+    c.Finish(options, ioptions, moptions, table_options, *comparator, &keys,
+             &kvmap);
+    ASSERT_EQ(8, keys.size());
+
+    auto reader = c.GetTableReader();
+    auto props = reader->GetTableProperties();
+    ASSERT_EQ(4u, props->num_data_blocks);
+    ReadOptions read_options;
+    std::unique_ptr<InternalIterator> iter(reader->NewIterator(
+        read_options, /*prefix_extractor=*/nullptr, /*arena=*/nullptr,
+        /*skip_filters=*/false, TableReaderCaller::kUncategorized,
+        /*compaction_readahead_size=*/0, /*allow_unprepared_value=*/true));
+
+    // Shouldn't have read data blocks before iterator is seeked.
+    EXPECT_EQ(0, stats->getTickerCount(BLOCK_CACHE_DATA_MISS));
+    EXPECT_EQ(0, stats->getTickerCount(BLOCK_CACHE_DATA_HIT));
+
+    auto ikey = [](Slice user_key) {
+      return InternalKey(user_key, 0, kTypeValue).Encode().ToString();
+    };
+
+    // Seek to a key between blocks. If index contains first key, we shouldn't
+    // read any data blocks until value is requested.
+    iter->Seek(ikey("aaba"));
+    ASSERT_TRUE(iter->Valid());
+    EXPECT_EQ(keys[2], iter->key().ToString());
+    EXPECT_EQ(use_first_key ? 0 : 1,
+              stats->getTickerCount(BLOCK_CACHE_DATA_MISS));
+    ASSERT_TRUE(iter->PrepareValue());
+    EXPECT_EQ("v2", iter->value().ToString());
+    EXPECT_EQ(1, stats->getTickerCount(BLOCK_CACHE_DATA_MISS));
+    EXPECT_EQ(0, stats->getTickerCount(BLOCK_CACHE_DATA_HIT));
+
+    // Seek to the middle of a block. The block should be read right away.
+    iter->Seek(ikey("caab"));
+    ASSERT_TRUE(iter->Valid());
+    EXPECT_EQ(keys[4], iter->key().ToString());
+    EXPECT_EQ(2, stats->getTickerCount(BLOCK_CACHE_DATA_MISS));
+    EXPECT_EQ(0, stats->getTickerCount(BLOCK_CACHE_DATA_HIT));
+    ASSERT_TRUE(iter->PrepareValue());
+    EXPECT_EQ("v4", iter->value().ToString());
+    EXPECT_EQ(0, stats->getTickerCount(BLOCK_CACHE_DATA_HIT));
+
+    // Seek to just before the same block and don't access value.
+    // The iterator should keep pinning the block contents.
+    iter->Seek(ikey("baaa"));
+    ASSERT_TRUE(iter->Valid());
+    EXPECT_EQ(keys[3], iter->key().ToString());
+    EXPECT_EQ(0, stats->getTickerCount(BLOCK_CACHE_DATA_HIT));
+
+    // Seek to the same block again to check that the block is still pinned.
+    iter->Seek(ikey("caae"));
+    ASSERT_TRUE(iter->Valid());
+    EXPECT_EQ(keys[5], iter->key().ToString());
+    EXPECT_EQ(0, stats->getTickerCount(BLOCK_CACHE_DATA_HIT));
+    ASSERT_TRUE(iter->PrepareValue());
+    EXPECT_EQ("v5", iter->value().ToString());
+    EXPECT_EQ(2, stats->getTickerCount(BLOCK_CACHE_DATA_MISS));
+    EXPECT_EQ(0, stats->getTickerCount(BLOCK_CACHE_DATA_HIT));
+
+    // Step forward and fall through to the next block. Don't access value.
+    iter->Next();
+    ASSERT_TRUE(iter->Valid());
+    EXPECT_EQ(keys[6], iter->key().ToString());
+    EXPECT_EQ(use_first_key ? 2 : 3,
+              stats->getTickerCount(BLOCK_CACHE_DATA_MISS));
+    EXPECT_EQ(0, stats->getTickerCount(BLOCK_CACHE_DATA_HIT));
+
+    // Step forward again. Block should be read.
+    iter->Next();
+    ASSERT_TRUE(iter->Valid());
+    EXPECT_EQ(keys[7], iter->key().ToString());
+    EXPECT_EQ(3, stats->getTickerCount(BLOCK_CACHE_DATA_MISS));
+    ASSERT_TRUE(iter->PrepareValue());
+    EXPECT_EQ("v7", iter->value().ToString());
+    EXPECT_EQ(0, stats->getTickerCount(BLOCK_CACHE_DATA_HIT));
+
+    // Step forward and reach the end.
+    iter->Next();
+    EXPECT_FALSE(iter->Valid());
+    EXPECT_EQ(3, stats->getTickerCount(BLOCK_CACHE_DATA_MISS));
+    EXPECT_EQ(0, stats->getTickerCount(BLOCK_CACHE_DATA_HIT));
+
+    // Seek to a single-key block and step forward without accessing value.
+    iter->Seek(ikey("aaca"));
+    ASSERT_TRUE(iter->Valid());
+    EXPECT_EQ(keys[2], iter->key().ToString());
+    EXPECT_EQ(use_first_key ? 0 : 1,
+              stats->getTickerCount(BLOCK_CACHE_DATA_HIT));
+
+    iter->Next();
+    ASSERT_TRUE(iter->Valid());
+    EXPECT_EQ(keys[3], iter->key().ToString());
+    EXPECT_EQ(use_first_key ? 1 : 2,
+              stats->getTickerCount(BLOCK_CACHE_DATA_HIT));
+    ASSERT_TRUE(iter->PrepareValue());
+    EXPECT_EQ("v3", iter->value().ToString());
+    EXPECT_EQ(2, stats->getTickerCount(BLOCK_CACHE_DATA_HIT));
+    EXPECT_EQ(3, stats->getTickerCount(BLOCK_CACHE_DATA_MISS));
+
+    // Seek between blocks and step back without accessing value.
+    iter->Seek(ikey("aaca"));
+    ASSERT_TRUE(iter->Valid());
+    EXPECT_EQ(keys[2], iter->key().ToString());
+    EXPECT_EQ(use_first_key ? 2 : 3,
+              stats->getTickerCount(BLOCK_CACHE_DATA_HIT));
+    EXPECT_EQ(3, stats->getTickerCount(BLOCK_CACHE_DATA_MISS));
+
+    iter->Prev();
+    ASSERT_TRUE(iter->Valid());
+    EXPECT_EQ(keys[1], iter->key().ToString());
+    EXPECT_EQ(use_first_key ? 2 : 3,
+              stats->getTickerCount(BLOCK_CACHE_DATA_HIT));
+    // All blocks are in cache now, there'll be no more misses ever.
+    EXPECT_EQ(4, stats->getTickerCount(BLOCK_CACHE_DATA_MISS));
+    ASSERT_TRUE(iter->PrepareValue());
+    EXPECT_EQ("v1", iter->value().ToString());
+
+    // Next into the next block again.
+    iter->Next();
+    ASSERT_TRUE(iter->Valid());
+    EXPECT_EQ(keys[2], iter->key().ToString());
+    EXPECT_EQ(use_first_key ? 2 : 4,
+              stats->getTickerCount(BLOCK_CACHE_DATA_HIT));
+
+    // Seek to first and step back without accessing value.
+    iter->SeekToFirst();
+    ASSERT_TRUE(iter->Valid());
+    EXPECT_EQ(keys[0], iter->key().ToString());
+    EXPECT_EQ(use_first_key ? 2 : 5,
+              stats->getTickerCount(BLOCK_CACHE_DATA_HIT));
+
+    iter->Prev();
+    EXPECT_FALSE(iter->Valid());
+    EXPECT_EQ(use_first_key ? 2 : 5,
+              stats->getTickerCount(BLOCK_CACHE_DATA_HIT));
+
+    // Do some SeekForPrev() and SeekToLast() just to cover all methods.
+    iter->SeekForPrev(ikey("caad"));
+    ASSERT_TRUE(iter->Valid());
+    EXPECT_EQ(keys[4], iter->key().ToString());
+    EXPECT_EQ(use_first_key ? 3 : 6,
+              stats->getTickerCount(BLOCK_CACHE_DATA_HIT));
+    ASSERT_TRUE(iter->PrepareValue());
+    EXPECT_EQ("v4", iter->value().ToString());
+    EXPECT_EQ(use_first_key ? 3 : 6,
+              stats->getTickerCount(BLOCK_CACHE_DATA_HIT));
+
+    iter->SeekToLast();
+    ASSERT_TRUE(iter->Valid());
+    EXPECT_EQ(keys[7], iter->key().ToString());
+    EXPECT_EQ(use_first_key ? 4 : 7,
+              stats->getTickerCount(BLOCK_CACHE_DATA_HIT));
+    ASSERT_TRUE(iter->PrepareValue());
+    EXPECT_EQ("v7", iter->value().ToString());
+    EXPECT_EQ(use_first_key ? 4 : 7,
+              stats->getTickerCount(BLOCK_CACHE_DATA_HIT));
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(4, stats->getTickerCount(BLOCK_CACHE_DATA_MISS));
+
+    c.ResetTableReader();
+  }
+}
+
+TEST_P(BlockBasedTableTest, BinaryIndexWithFirstKeyGlobalSeqno) {
+  BlockBasedTableOptions table_options = GetBlockBasedTableOptions();
+  table_options.index_type = BlockBasedTableOptions::kBinarySearchWithFirstKey;
+  table_options.block_cache = NewLRUCache(10000);
+  Options options;
+  options.statistics = CreateDBStatistics();
+  Statistics* stats = options.statistics.get();
+  options.table_factory.reset(NewBlockBasedTableFactory(table_options));
+  std::unique_ptr<InternalKeyComparator> comparator(
+      new InternalKeyComparator(BytewiseComparator()));
+  const ImmutableCFOptions ioptions(options);
+  const MutableCFOptions moptions(options);
+
+  TableConstructor c(BytewiseComparator(), /* convert_to_internal_key */ false,
+                     /* level */ -1, /* largest_seqno */ 42);
+
+  c.Add(InternalKey("b", 0, kTypeValue).Encode().ToString(), "x");
+  c.Add(InternalKey("c", 0, kTypeValue).Encode().ToString(), "y");
+
+  std::vector<std::string> keys;
+  stl_wrappers::KVMap kvmap;
+  c.Finish(options, ioptions, moptions, table_options, *comparator, &keys,
+           &kvmap);
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, keys.size());
+
+  auto reader = c.GetTableReader();
+  auto props = reader->GetTableProperties();
+  ASSERT_EQ(1u, props->num_data_blocks);
+  ReadOptions read_options;
+  std::unique_ptr<InternalIterator> iter(reader->NewIterator(
+      read_options, /*prefix_extractor=*/nullptr, /*arena=*/nullptr,
+      /*skip_filters=*/false, TableReaderCaller::kUncategorized,
+      /*compaction_readahead_size=*/0, /*allow_unprepared_value=*/true));
+
+  iter->Seek(InternalKey("a", 0, kTypeValue).Encode().ToString());
+  ASSERT_TRUE(iter->Valid());
+  EXPECT_EQ(InternalKey("b", 42, kTypeValue).Encode().ToString(),
+            iter->key().ToString());
+  EXPECT_NE(keys[0], iter->key().ToString());
+  // Key should have been served from index, without reading data blocks.
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, stats->getTickerCount(BLOCK_CACHE_DATA_MISS));
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(iter->PrepareValue());
+  EXPECT_EQ("x", iter->value().ToString());
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, stats->getTickerCount(BLOCK_CACHE_DATA_MISS));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, stats->getTickerCount(BLOCK_CACHE_DATA_HIT));
+  EXPECT_EQ(InternalKey("b", 42, kTypeValue).Encode().ToString(),
+            iter->key().ToString());
+
+  c.ResetTableReader();
+}
+
+// It's very hard to figure out the index block size of a block accurately.
+// To make sure we get the index size, we just make sure as key number
+// grows, the filter block size also grows.
+TEST_P(BlockBasedTableTest, IndexSizeStat) {
+  uint64_t last_index_size = 0;
+
+  // we need to use random keys since the pure human readable texts
+  // may be well compressed, resulting insignifcant change of index
+  // block size.
+  Random rnd(test::RandomSeed());
+  std::vector<std::string> keys;
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < 100; ++i) {
+    keys.push_back(rnd.RandomString(10000));
+  }
+
+  // Each time we load one more key to the table. the table index block
+  // size is expected to be larger than last time's.
+  for (size_t i = 1; i < keys.size(); ++i) {
+    TableConstructor c(BytewiseComparator(),
+                       true /* convert_to_internal_key_ */);
+    for (size_t j = 0; j < i; ++j) {
+      c.Add(keys[j], "val");
+    }
+
+    std::vector<std::string> ks;
+    stl_wrappers::KVMap kvmap;
+    Options options;
+    options.compression = kNoCompression;
+    BlockBasedTableOptions table_options = GetBlockBasedTableOptions();
+    table_options.block_restart_interval = 1;
+    options.table_factory.reset(NewBlockBasedTableFactory(table_options));
+
+    const ImmutableCFOptions ioptions(options);
+    const MutableCFOptions moptions(options);
+    c.Finish(options, ioptions, moptions, table_options,
+             GetPlainInternalComparator(options.comparator), &ks, &kvmap);
+    auto index_size = c.GetTableReader()->GetTableProperties()->index_size;
+    ASSERT_GT(index_size, last_index_size);
+    last_index_size = index_size;
+    c.ResetTableReader();
+  }
+}
+
+TEST_P(BlockBasedTableTest, NumBlockStat) {
+  Random rnd(test::RandomSeed());
+  TableConstructor c(BytewiseComparator(), true /* convert_to_internal_key_ */);
+  Options options;
+  options.compression = kNoCompression;
+  BlockBasedTableOptions table_options = GetBlockBasedTableOptions();
+  table_options.block_restart_interval = 1;
+  table_options.block_size = 1000;
+  options.table_factory.reset(NewBlockBasedTableFactory(table_options));
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < 10; ++i) {
+    // the key/val are slightly smaller than block size, so that each block
+    // holds roughly one key/value pair.
+    c.Add(rnd.RandomString(900), "val");
+  }
+
+  std::vector<std::string> ks;
+  stl_wrappers::KVMap kvmap;
+  const ImmutableCFOptions ioptions(options);
+  const MutableCFOptions moptions(options);
+  c.Finish(options, ioptions, moptions, table_options,
+           GetPlainInternalComparator(options.comparator), &ks, &kvmap);
+  ASSERT_EQ(kvmap.size(),
+            c.GetTableReader()->GetTableProperties()->num_data_blocks);
+  c.ResetTableReader();
+}
+
+TEST_P(BlockBasedTableTest, TracingGetTest) {
+  TableConstructor c(BytewiseComparator());
+  Options options;
+  BlockBasedTableOptions table_options = GetBlockBasedTableOptions();
+  options.create_if_missing = true;
+  table_options.block_cache = NewLRUCache(1024 * 1024, 0);
+  table_options.cache_index_and_filter_blocks = true;
+  table_options.filter_policy.reset(NewBloomFilterPolicy(10, true));
+  options.table_factory.reset(new BlockBasedTableFactory(table_options));
+  SetupTracingTest(&c);
+  std::vector<std::string> keys;
+  stl_wrappers::KVMap kvmap;
+  ImmutableCFOptions ioptions(options);
+  MutableCFOptions moptions(options);
+  c.Finish(options, ioptions, moptions, table_options,
+           GetPlainInternalComparator(options.comparator), &keys, &kvmap);
+  std::string user_key = "k01";
+  InternalKey internal_key(user_key, 0, kTypeValue);
+  std::string encoded_key = internal_key.Encode().ToString();
+  for (uint32_t i = 1; i <= 2; i++) {
+    PinnableSlice value;
+    GetContext get_context(options.comparator, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr,
+                           GetContext::kNotFound, user_key, &value, nullptr,
+                           nullptr, true, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr,
+                           nullptr, nullptr, /*tracing_get_id=*/i);
+    get_perf_context()->Reset();
+    ASSERT_OK(c.GetTableReader()->Get(ReadOptions(), encoded_key, &get_context,
+                                      moptions.prefix_extractor.get()));
+    ASSERT_EQ(get_context.State(), GetContext::kFound);
+    ASSERT_EQ(value.ToString(), kDummyValue);
+  }
+
+  // Verify traces.
+  std::vector<BlockCacheTraceRecord> expected_records;
+  // The first two records should be prefetching index and filter blocks.
+  BlockCacheTraceRecord record;
+  record.block_type = TraceType::kBlockTraceIndexBlock;
+  record.caller = TableReaderCaller::kPrefetch;
+  record.is_cache_hit = Boolean::kFalse;
+  record.no_insert = Boolean::kFalse;
+  expected_records.push_back(record);
+  record.block_type = TraceType::kBlockTraceFilterBlock;
+  expected_records.push_back(record);
+  // Then we should have three records for one index, one filter, and one data
+  // block access.
+  record.get_id = 1;
+  record.block_type = TraceType::kBlockTraceIndexBlock;
+  record.caller = TableReaderCaller::kUserGet;
+  record.get_from_user_specified_snapshot = Boolean::kFalse;
+  record.referenced_key = encoded_key;
+  record.referenced_key_exist_in_block = Boolean::kTrue;
+  record.is_cache_hit = Boolean::kTrue;
+  expected_records.push_back(record);
+  record.block_type = TraceType::kBlockTraceFilterBlock;
+  expected_records.push_back(record);
+  record.is_cache_hit = Boolean::kFalse;
+  record.block_type = TraceType::kBlockTraceDataBlock;
+  expected_records.push_back(record);
+  // The second get should all observe cache hits.
+  record.is_cache_hit = Boolean::kTrue;
+  record.get_id = 2;
+  record.block_type = TraceType::kBlockTraceIndexBlock;
+  record.caller = TableReaderCaller::kUserGet;
+  record.get_from_user_specified_snapshot = Boolean::kFalse;
+  record.referenced_key = encoded_key;
+  expected_records.push_back(record);
+  record.block_type = TraceType::kBlockTraceFilterBlock;
+  expected_records.push_back(record);
+  record.block_type = TraceType::kBlockTraceDataBlock;
+  expected_records.push_back(record);
+  VerifyBlockAccessTrace(&c, expected_records);
+  c.ResetTableReader();
+}
+
+TEST_P(BlockBasedTableTest, TracingApproximateOffsetOfTest) {
+  TableConstructor c(BytewiseComparator());
+  Options options;
+  BlockBasedTableOptions table_options = GetBlockBasedTableOptions();
+  options.create_if_missing = true;
+  table_options.block_cache = NewLRUCache(1024 * 1024, 0);
+  table_options.cache_index_and_filter_blocks = true;
+  table_options.filter_policy.reset(NewBloomFilterPolicy(10, true));
+  options.table_factory.reset(new BlockBasedTableFactory(table_options));
+  SetupTracingTest(&c);
+  std::vector<std::string> keys;
+  stl_wrappers::KVMap kvmap;
+  ImmutableCFOptions ioptions(options);
+  MutableCFOptions moptions(options);
+  c.Finish(options, ioptions, moptions, table_options,
+           GetPlainInternalComparator(options.comparator), &keys, &kvmap);
+  for (uint32_t i = 1; i <= 2; i++) {
+    std::string user_key = "k01";
+    InternalKey internal_key(user_key, 0, kTypeValue);
+    std::string encoded_key = internal_key.Encode().ToString();
+    c.GetTableReader()->ApproximateOffsetOf(
+        encoded_key, TableReaderCaller::kUserApproximateSize);
+  }
+  // Verify traces.
+  std::vector<BlockCacheTraceRecord> expected_records;
+  // The first two records should be prefetching index and filter blocks.
+  BlockCacheTraceRecord record;
+  record.block_type = TraceType::kBlockTraceIndexBlock;
+  record.caller = TableReaderCaller::kPrefetch;
+  record.is_cache_hit = Boolean::kFalse;
+  record.no_insert = Boolean::kFalse;
+  expected_records.push_back(record);
+  record.block_type = TraceType::kBlockTraceFilterBlock;
+  expected_records.push_back(record);
+  // Then we should have two records for only index blocks.
+  record.block_type = TraceType::kBlockTraceIndexBlock;
+  record.caller = TableReaderCaller::kUserApproximateSize;
+  record.is_cache_hit = Boolean::kTrue;
+  expected_records.push_back(record);
+  expected_records.push_back(record);
+  VerifyBlockAccessTrace(&c, expected_records);
+  c.ResetTableReader();
+}
+
+TEST_P(BlockBasedTableTest, TracingIterator) {
+  TableConstructor c(BytewiseComparator());
+  Options options;
+  BlockBasedTableOptions table_options = GetBlockBasedTableOptions();
+  options.create_if_missing = true;
+  table_options.block_cache = NewLRUCache(1024 * 1024, 0);
+  table_options.cache_index_and_filter_blocks = true;
+  table_options.filter_policy.reset(NewBloomFilterPolicy(10, true));
+  options.table_factory.reset(new BlockBasedTableFactory(table_options));
+  SetupTracingTest(&c);
+  std::vector<std::string> keys;
+  stl_wrappers::KVMap kvmap;
+  ImmutableCFOptions ioptions(options);
+  MutableCFOptions moptions(options);
+  c.Finish(options, ioptions, moptions, table_options,
+           GetPlainInternalComparator(options.comparator), &keys, &kvmap);
+
+  for (uint32_t i = 1; i <= 2; i++) {
+    ReadOptions read_options;
+    std::unique_ptr<InternalIterator> iter(c.GetTableReader()->NewIterator(
+        read_options, moptions.prefix_extractor.get(), /*arena=*/nullptr,
+        /*skip_filters=*/false, TableReaderCaller::kUserIterator));
+    iter->SeekToFirst();
+    while (iter->Valid()) {
+      iter->key();
+      iter->value();
+      iter->Next();
+    }
+    ASSERT_OK(iter->status());
+    iter.reset();
+  }
+
+  // Verify traces.
+  std::vector<BlockCacheTraceRecord> expected_records;
+  // The first two records should be prefetching index and filter blocks.
+  BlockCacheTraceRecord record;
+  record.block_type = TraceType::kBlockTraceIndexBlock;
+  record.caller = TableReaderCaller::kPrefetch;
+  record.is_cache_hit = Boolean::kFalse;
+  record.no_insert = Boolean::kFalse;
+  expected_records.push_back(record);
+  record.block_type = TraceType::kBlockTraceFilterBlock;
+  expected_records.push_back(record);
+  // Then we should have three records for index and two data block access.
+  record.block_type = TraceType::kBlockTraceIndexBlock;
+  record.caller = TableReaderCaller::kUserIterator;
+  record.is_cache_hit = Boolean::kTrue;
+  expected_records.push_back(record);
+  record.block_type = TraceType::kBlockTraceDataBlock;
+  record.is_cache_hit = Boolean::kFalse;
+  expected_records.push_back(record);
+  expected_records.push_back(record);
+  // When we iterate this file for the second time, we should observe all cache
+  // hits.
+  record.block_type = TraceType::kBlockTraceIndexBlock;
+  record.is_cache_hit = Boolean::kTrue;
+  expected_records.push_back(record);
+  record.block_type = TraceType::kBlockTraceDataBlock;
+  expected_records.push_back(record);
+  expected_records.push_back(record);
+  VerifyBlockAccessTrace(&c, expected_records);
+  c.ResetTableReader();
+}
+
+// A simple tool that takes the snapshot of block cache statistics.
+class BlockCachePropertiesSnapshot {
+ public:
+  explicit BlockCachePropertiesSnapshot(Statistics* statistics) {
+    block_cache_miss = statistics->getTickerCount(BLOCK_CACHE_MISS);
+    block_cache_hit = statistics->getTickerCount(BLOCK_CACHE_HIT);
+    index_block_cache_miss = statistics->getTickerCount(BLOCK_CACHE_INDEX_MISS);
+    index_block_cache_hit = statistics->getTickerCount(BLOCK_CACHE_INDEX_HIT);
+    data_block_cache_miss = statistics->getTickerCount(BLOCK_CACHE_DATA_MISS);
+    data_block_cache_hit = statistics->getTickerCount(BLOCK_CACHE_DATA_HIT);
+    filter_block_cache_miss =
+        statistics->getTickerCount(BLOCK_CACHE_FILTER_MISS);
+    filter_block_cache_hit = statistics->getTickerCount(BLOCK_CACHE_FILTER_HIT);
+    block_cache_bytes_read = statistics->getTickerCount(BLOCK_CACHE_BYTES_READ);
+    block_cache_bytes_write =
+        statistics->getTickerCount(BLOCK_CACHE_BYTES_WRITE);
+  }
+
+  void AssertIndexBlockStat(int64_t expected_index_block_cache_miss,
+                            int64_t expected_index_block_cache_hit) {
+    ASSERT_EQ(expected_index_block_cache_miss, index_block_cache_miss);
+    ASSERT_EQ(expected_index_block_cache_hit, index_block_cache_hit);
+  }
+
+  void AssertFilterBlockStat(int64_t expected_filter_block_cache_miss,
+                             int64_t expected_filter_block_cache_hit) {
+    ASSERT_EQ(expected_filter_block_cache_miss, filter_block_cache_miss);
+    ASSERT_EQ(expected_filter_block_cache_hit, filter_block_cache_hit);
+  }
+
+  // Check if the fetched props matches the expected ones.
+  // TODO(kailiu) Use this only when you disabled filter policy!
+  void AssertEqual(int64_t expected_index_block_cache_miss,
+                   int64_t expected_index_block_cache_hit,
+                   int64_t expected_data_block_cache_miss,
+                   int64_t expected_data_block_cache_hit) const {
+    ASSERT_EQ(expected_index_block_cache_miss, index_block_cache_miss);
+    ASSERT_EQ(expected_index_block_cache_hit, index_block_cache_hit);
+    ASSERT_EQ(expected_data_block_cache_miss, data_block_cache_miss);
+    ASSERT_EQ(expected_data_block_cache_hit, data_block_cache_hit);
+    ASSERT_EQ(expected_index_block_cache_miss + expected_data_block_cache_miss,
+              block_cache_miss);
+    ASSERT_EQ(expected_index_block_cache_hit + expected_data_block_cache_hit,
+              block_cache_hit);
+  }
+
+  int64_t GetCacheBytesRead() { return block_cache_bytes_read; }
+
+  int64_t GetCacheBytesWrite() { return block_cache_bytes_write; }
+
+ private:
+  int64_t block_cache_miss = 0;
+  int64_t block_cache_hit = 0;
+  int64_t index_block_cache_miss = 0;
+  int64_t index_block_cache_hit = 0;
+  int64_t data_block_cache_miss = 0;
+  int64_t data_block_cache_hit = 0;
+  int64_t filter_block_cache_miss = 0;
+  int64_t filter_block_cache_hit = 0;
+  int64_t block_cache_bytes_read = 0;
+  int64_t block_cache_bytes_write = 0;
+};
+
+// Make sure, by default, index/filter blocks were pre-loaded (meaning we won't
+// use block cache to store them).
+TEST_P(BlockBasedTableTest, BlockCacheDisabledTest) {
+  Options options;
+  options.create_if_missing = true;
+  options.statistics = CreateDBStatistics();
+  BlockBasedTableOptions table_options = GetBlockBasedTableOptions();
+  table_options.block_cache = NewLRUCache(1024, 4);
+  table_options.filter_policy.reset(NewBloomFilterPolicy(10));
+  options.table_factory.reset(new BlockBasedTableFactory(table_options));
+  std::vector<std::string> keys;
+  stl_wrappers::KVMap kvmap;
+
+  TableConstructor c(BytewiseComparator(), true /* convert_to_internal_key_ */);
+  c.Add("key", "value");
+  const ImmutableCFOptions ioptions(options);
+  const MutableCFOptions moptions(options);
+  c.Finish(options, ioptions, moptions, table_options,
+           GetPlainInternalComparator(options.comparator), &keys, &kvmap);
+
+  // preloading filter/index blocks is enabled.
+  auto reader = dynamic_cast<BlockBasedTable*>(c.GetTableReader());
+  ASSERT_FALSE(reader->TEST_FilterBlockInCache());
+  ASSERT_FALSE(reader->TEST_IndexBlockInCache());
+
+  {
+    // nothing happens in the beginning
+    BlockCachePropertiesSnapshot props(options.statistics.get());
+    props.AssertIndexBlockStat(0, 0);
+    props.AssertFilterBlockStat(0, 0);
+  }
+
+  {
+    GetContext get_context(options.comparator, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr,
+                           GetContext::kNotFound, Slice(), nullptr, nullptr,
+                           nullptr, true, nullptr, nullptr);
+    // a hack that just to trigger BlockBasedTable::GetFilter.
+    ASSERT_OK(reader->Get(ReadOptions(), "non-exist-key", &get_context,
+                          moptions.prefix_extractor.get()));
+    BlockCachePropertiesSnapshot props(options.statistics.get());
+    props.AssertIndexBlockStat(0, 0);
+    props.AssertFilterBlockStat(0, 0);
+  }
+}
+
+// Due to the difficulities of the intersaction between statistics, this test
+// only tests the case when "index block is put to block cache"
+TEST_P(BlockBasedTableTest, FilterBlockInBlockCache) {
+  // -- Table construction
+  Options options;
+  options.create_if_missing = true;
+  options.statistics = CreateDBStatistics();
+
+  // Enable the cache for index/filter blocks
+  BlockBasedTableOptions table_options = GetBlockBasedTableOptions();
+  LRUCacheOptions co;
+  co.capacity = 2048;
+  co.num_shard_bits = 2;
+  co.metadata_charge_policy = kDontChargeCacheMetadata;
+  table_options.block_cache = NewLRUCache(co);
+  table_options.cache_index_and_filter_blocks = true;
+  options.table_factory.reset(new BlockBasedTableFactory(table_options));
+  std::vector<std::string> keys;
+  stl_wrappers::KVMap kvmap;
+
+  TableConstructor c(BytewiseComparator(), true /* convert_to_internal_key_ */);
+  c.Add("key", "value");
+  const ImmutableCFOptions ioptions(options);
+  const MutableCFOptions moptions(options);
+  c.Finish(options, ioptions, moptions, table_options,
+           GetPlainInternalComparator(options.comparator), &keys, &kvmap);
+  // preloading filter/index blocks is prohibited.
+  auto* reader = dynamic_cast<BlockBasedTable*>(c.GetTableReader());
+  ASSERT_FALSE(reader->TEST_FilterBlockInCache());
+  ASSERT_TRUE(reader->TEST_IndexBlockInCache());
+
+  // -- PART 1: Open with regular block cache.
+  // Since block_cache is disabled, no cache activities will be involved.
+  std::unique_ptr<InternalIterator> iter;
+
+  int64_t last_cache_bytes_read = 0;
+  // At first, no block will be accessed.
+  {
+    BlockCachePropertiesSnapshot props(options.statistics.get());
+    // index will be added to block cache.
+    props.AssertEqual(1,  // index block miss
+                      0, 0, 0);
+    ASSERT_EQ(props.GetCacheBytesRead(), 0);
+    ASSERT_EQ(props.GetCacheBytesWrite(),
+              static_cast<int64_t>(table_options.block_cache->GetUsage()));
+    last_cache_bytes_read = props.GetCacheBytesRead();
+  }
+
+  // Only index block will be accessed
+  {
+    iter.reset(c.NewIterator(moptions.prefix_extractor.get()));
+    BlockCachePropertiesSnapshot props(options.statistics.get());
+    // NOTE: to help better highlight the "detla" of each ticker, I use
+    // <last_value> + <added_value> to indicate the increment of changed
+    // value; other numbers remain the same.
+    props.AssertEqual(1, 0 + 1,  // index block hit
+                      0, 0);
+    // Cache hit, bytes read from cache should increase
+    ASSERT_GT(props.GetCacheBytesRead(), last_cache_bytes_read);
+    ASSERT_EQ(props.GetCacheBytesWrite(),
+              static_cast<int64_t>(table_options.block_cache->GetUsage()));
+    last_cache_bytes_read = props.GetCacheBytesRead();
+  }
+
+  // Only data block will be accessed
+  {
+    iter->SeekToFirst();
+    ASSERT_OK(iter->status());
+    BlockCachePropertiesSnapshot props(options.statistics.get());
+    props.AssertEqual(1, 1, 0 + 1,  // data block miss
+                      0);
+    // Cache miss, Bytes read from cache should not change
+    ASSERT_EQ(props.GetCacheBytesRead(), last_cache_bytes_read);
+    ASSERT_EQ(props.GetCacheBytesWrite(),
+              static_cast<int64_t>(table_options.block_cache->GetUsage()));
+    last_cache_bytes_read = props.GetCacheBytesRead();
+  }
+
+  // Data block will be in cache
+  {
+    iter.reset(c.NewIterator(moptions.prefix_extractor.get()));
+    iter->SeekToFirst();
+    ASSERT_OK(iter->status());
+    BlockCachePropertiesSnapshot props(options.statistics.get());
+    props.AssertEqual(1, 1 + 1, /* index block hit */
+                      1, 0 + 1 /* data block hit */);
+    // Cache hit, bytes read from cache should increase
+    ASSERT_GT(props.GetCacheBytesRead(), last_cache_bytes_read);
+    ASSERT_EQ(props.GetCacheBytesWrite(),
+              static_cast<int64_t>(table_options.block_cache->GetUsage()));
+  }
+  // release the iterator so that the block cache can reset correctly.
+  iter.reset();
+
+  c.ResetTableReader();
+
+  // -- PART 2: Open with very small block cache
+  // In this test, no block will ever get hit since the block cache is
+  // too small to fit even one entry.
+  table_options.block_cache = NewLRUCache(1, 4);
+  options.statistics = CreateDBStatistics();
+  options.table_factory.reset(new BlockBasedTableFactory(table_options));
+  const ImmutableCFOptions ioptions2(options);
+  const MutableCFOptions moptions2(options);
+  ASSERT_OK(c.Reopen(ioptions2, moptions2));
+  {
+    BlockCachePropertiesSnapshot props(options.statistics.get());
+    props.AssertEqual(1,  // index block miss
+                      0, 0, 0);
+    // Cache miss, Bytes read from cache should not change
+    ASSERT_EQ(props.GetCacheBytesRead(), 0);
+  }
+
+  {
+    // Both index and data block get accessed.
+    // It first cache index block then data block. But since the cache size
+    // is only 1, index block will be purged after data block is inserted.
+    iter.reset(c.NewIterator(moptions2.prefix_extractor.get()));
+    BlockCachePropertiesSnapshot props(options.statistics.get());
+    props.AssertEqual(1 + 1,  // index block miss
+                      0, 0,   // data block miss
+                      0);
+    // Cache hit, bytes read from cache should increase
+    ASSERT_EQ(props.GetCacheBytesRead(), 0);
+  }
+
+  {
+    // SeekToFirst() accesses data block. With similar reason, we expect data
+    // block's cache miss.
+    iter->SeekToFirst();
+    ASSERT_OK(iter->status());
+    BlockCachePropertiesSnapshot props(options.statistics.get());
+    props.AssertEqual(2, 0, 0 + 1,  // data block miss
+                      0);
+    // Cache miss, Bytes read from cache should not change
+    ASSERT_EQ(props.GetCacheBytesRead(), 0);
+  }
+  iter.reset();
+  c.ResetTableReader();
+
+  // -- PART 3: Open table with bloom filter enabled but not in SST file
+  table_options.block_cache = NewLRUCache(4096, 4);
+  table_options.cache_index_and_filter_blocks = false;
+  options.table_factory.reset(NewBlockBasedTableFactory(table_options));
+
+  TableConstructor c3(BytewiseComparator());
+  std::string user_key = "k01";
+  InternalKey internal_key(user_key, 0, kTypeValue);
+  c3.Add(internal_key.Encode().ToString(), "hello");
+  ImmutableCFOptions ioptions3(options);
+  MutableCFOptions moptions3(options);
+  // Generate table without filter policy
+  c3.Finish(options, ioptions3, moptions3, table_options,
+            GetPlainInternalComparator(options.comparator), &keys, &kvmap);
+  c3.ResetTableReader();
+
+  // Open table with filter policy
+  table_options.filter_policy.reset(NewBloomFilterPolicy(1));
+  options.table_factory.reset(new BlockBasedTableFactory(table_options));
+  options.statistics = CreateDBStatistics();
+  ImmutableCFOptions ioptions4(options);
+  MutableCFOptions moptions4(options);
+  ASSERT_OK(c3.Reopen(ioptions4, moptions4));
+  reader = dynamic_cast<BlockBasedTable*>(c3.GetTableReader());
+  ASSERT_FALSE(reader->TEST_FilterBlockInCache());
+  PinnableSlice value;
+  GetContext get_context(options.comparator, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr,
+                         GetContext::kNotFound, user_key, &value, nullptr,
+                         nullptr, true, nullptr, nullptr);
+  ASSERT_OK(reader->Get(ReadOptions(), internal_key.Encode(), &get_context,
+                        moptions4.prefix_extractor.get()));
+  ASSERT_STREQ(value.data(), "hello");
+  BlockCachePropertiesSnapshot props(options.statistics.get());
+  props.AssertFilterBlockStat(0, 0);
+  c3.ResetTableReader();
+}
+
+void ValidateBlockSizeDeviation(int value, int expected) {
+  BlockBasedTableOptions table_options;
+  table_options.block_size_deviation = value;
+  BlockBasedTableFactory* factory = new BlockBasedTableFactory(table_options);
+
+  const BlockBasedTableOptions* normalized_table_options =
+      factory->GetOptions<BlockBasedTableOptions>();
+  ASSERT_EQ(normalized_table_options->block_size_deviation, expected);
+
+  delete factory;
+}
+
+void ValidateBlockRestartInterval(int value, int expected) {
+  BlockBasedTableOptions table_options;
+  table_options.block_restart_interval = value;
+  BlockBasedTableFactory* factory = new BlockBasedTableFactory(table_options);
+
+  const BlockBasedTableOptions* normalized_table_options =
+      factory->GetOptions<BlockBasedTableOptions>();
+  ASSERT_EQ(normalized_table_options->block_restart_interval, expected);
+
+  delete factory;
+}
+
+TEST_P(BlockBasedTableTest, InvalidOptions) {
+  // invalid values for block_size_deviation (<0 or >100) are silently set to 0
+  ValidateBlockSizeDeviation(-10, 0);
+  ValidateBlockSizeDeviation(-1, 0);
+  ValidateBlockSizeDeviation(0, 0);
+  ValidateBlockSizeDeviation(1, 1);
+  ValidateBlockSizeDeviation(99, 99);
+  ValidateBlockSizeDeviation(100, 100);
+  ValidateBlockSizeDeviation(101, 0);
+  ValidateBlockSizeDeviation(1000, 0);
+
+  // invalid values for block_restart_interval (<1) are silently set to 1
+  ValidateBlockRestartInterval(-10, 1);
+  ValidateBlockRestartInterval(-1, 1);
+  ValidateBlockRestartInterval(0, 1);
+  ValidateBlockRestartInterval(1, 1);
+  ValidateBlockRestartInterval(2, 2);
+  ValidateBlockRestartInterval(1000, 1000);
+}
+
+TEST_P(BlockBasedTableTest, BlockReadCountTest) {
+  // bloom_filter_type = 0 -- block-based filter
+  // bloom_filter_type = 0 -- full filter
+  for (int bloom_filter_type = 0; bloom_filter_type < 2; ++bloom_filter_type) {
+    for (int index_and_filter_in_cache = 0; index_and_filter_in_cache < 2;
+         ++index_and_filter_in_cache) {
+      Options options;
+      options.create_if_missing = true;
+
+      BlockBasedTableOptions table_options = GetBlockBasedTableOptions();
+      table_options.block_cache = NewLRUCache(1, 0);
+      table_options.cache_index_and_filter_blocks = index_and_filter_in_cache;
+      table_options.filter_policy.reset(
+          NewBloomFilterPolicy(10, bloom_filter_type == 0));
+      options.table_factory.reset(new BlockBasedTableFactory(table_options));
+      std::vector<std::string> keys;
+      stl_wrappers::KVMap kvmap;
+
+      TableConstructor c(BytewiseComparator());
+      std::string user_key = "k04";
+      InternalKey internal_key(user_key, 0, kTypeValue);
+      std::string encoded_key = internal_key.Encode().ToString();
+      c.Add(encoded_key, "hello");
+      ImmutableCFOptions ioptions(options);
+      MutableCFOptions moptions(options);
+      // Generate table with filter policy
+      c.Finish(options, ioptions, moptions, table_options,
+               GetPlainInternalComparator(options.comparator), &keys, &kvmap);
+      auto reader = c.GetTableReader();
+      PinnableSlice value;
+      {
+        GetContext get_context(options.comparator, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr,
+                               GetContext::kNotFound, user_key, &value, nullptr,
+                               nullptr, true, nullptr, nullptr);
+        get_perf_context()->Reset();
+        ASSERT_OK(reader->Get(ReadOptions(), encoded_key, &get_context,
+                              moptions.prefix_extractor.get()));
+        if (index_and_filter_in_cache) {
+          // data, index and filter block
+          ASSERT_EQ(get_perf_context()->block_read_count, 3);
+          ASSERT_EQ(get_perf_context()->index_block_read_count, 1);
+          ASSERT_EQ(get_perf_context()->filter_block_read_count, 1);
+        } else {
+          // just the data block
+          ASSERT_EQ(get_perf_context()->block_read_count, 1);
+        }
+        ASSERT_EQ(get_context.State(), GetContext::kFound);
+        ASSERT_STREQ(value.data(), "hello");
+      }
+
+      // Get non-existing key
+      user_key = "does-not-exist";
+      internal_key = InternalKey(user_key, 0, kTypeValue);
+      encoded_key = internal_key.Encode().ToString();
+
+      value.Reset();
+      {
+        GetContext get_context(options.comparator, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr,
+                               GetContext::kNotFound, user_key, &value, nullptr,
+                               nullptr, true, nullptr, nullptr);
+        get_perf_context()->Reset();
+        ASSERT_OK(reader->Get(ReadOptions(), encoded_key, &get_context,
+                              moptions.prefix_extractor.get()));
+        ASSERT_EQ(get_context.State(), GetContext::kNotFound);
+      }
+
+      if (index_and_filter_in_cache) {
+        if (bloom_filter_type == 0) {
+          // with block-based, we read index and then the filter
+          ASSERT_EQ(get_perf_context()->block_read_count, 2);
+          ASSERT_EQ(get_perf_context()->index_block_read_count, 1);
+          ASSERT_EQ(get_perf_context()->filter_block_read_count, 1);
+        } else {
+          // with full-filter, we read filter first and then we stop
+          ASSERT_EQ(get_perf_context()->block_read_count, 1);
+          ASSERT_EQ(get_perf_context()->filter_block_read_count, 1);
+        }
+      } else {
+        // filter is already in memory and it figures out that the key doesn't
+        // exist
+        ASSERT_EQ(get_perf_context()->block_read_count, 0);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+TEST_P(BlockBasedTableTest, BlockCacheLeak) {
+  // Check that when we reopen a table we don't lose access to blocks already
+  // in the cache. This test checks whether the Table actually makes use of the
+  // unique ID from the file.
+
+  Options opt;
+  std::unique_ptr<InternalKeyComparator> ikc;
+  ikc.reset(new test::PlainInternalKeyComparator(opt.comparator));
+  opt.compression = kNoCompression;
+  BlockBasedTableOptions table_options = GetBlockBasedTableOptions();
+  table_options.block_size = 1024;
+  // big enough so we don't ever lose cached values.
+  table_options.block_cache = NewLRUCache(16 * 1024 * 1024, 4);
+  opt.table_factory.reset(NewBlockBasedTableFactory(table_options));
+
+  TableConstructor c(BytewiseComparator(), true /* convert_to_internal_key_ */);
+  c.Add("k01", "hello");
+  c.Add("k02", "hello2");
+  c.Add("k03", std::string(10000, 'x'));
+  c.Add("k04", std::string(200000, 'x'));
+  c.Add("k05", std::string(300000, 'x'));
+  c.Add("k06", "hello3");
+  c.Add("k07", std::string(100000, 'x'));
+  std::vector<std::string> keys;
+  stl_wrappers::KVMap kvmap;
+  const ImmutableCFOptions ioptions(opt);
+  const MutableCFOptions moptions(opt);
+  c.Finish(opt, ioptions, moptions, table_options, *ikc, &keys, &kvmap);
+
+  std::unique_ptr<InternalIterator> iter(
+      c.NewIterator(moptions.prefix_extractor.get()));
+  iter->SeekToFirst();
+  while (iter->Valid()) {
+    iter->key();
+    iter->value();
+    iter->Next();
+  }
+  ASSERT_OK(iter->status());
+  iter.reset();
+
+  const ImmutableCFOptions ioptions1(opt);
+  const MutableCFOptions moptions1(opt);
+  ASSERT_OK(c.Reopen(ioptions1, moptions1));
+  auto table_reader = dynamic_cast<BlockBasedTable*>(c.GetTableReader());
+  for (const std::string& key : keys) {
+    InternalKey ikey(key, kMaxSequenceNumber, kTypeValue);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(table_reader->TEST_KeyInCache(ReadOptions(), ikey.Encode()));
+  }
+  c.ResetTableReader();
+
+  // rerun with different block cache
+  table_options.block_cache = NewLRUCache(16 * 1024 * 1024, 4);
+  opt.table_factory.reset(NewBlockBasedTableFactory(table_options));
+  const ImmutableCFOptions ioptions2(opt);
+  const MutableCFOptions moptions2(opt);
+  ASSERT_OK(c.Reopen(ioptions2, moptions2));
+  table_reader = dynamic_cast<BlockBasedTable*>(c.GetTableReader());
+  for (const std::string& key : keys) {
+    InternalKey ikey(key, kMaxSequenceNumber, kTypeValue);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(!table_reader->TEST_KeyInCache(ReadOptions(), ikey.Encode()));
+  }
+  c.ResetTableReader();
+}
+
+namespace {
+class CustomMemoryAllocator : public MemoryAllocator {
+ public:
+  const char* Name() const override { return "CustomMemoryAllocator"; }
+
+  void* Allocate(size_t size) override {
+    ++numAllocations;
+    auto ptr = new char[size + 16];
+    memcpy(ptr, "memory_allocator_", 16);  // mangle first 16 bytes
+    return reinterpret_cast<void*>(ptr + 16);
+  }
+  void Deallocate(void* p) override {
+    ++numDeallocations;
+    char* ptr = reinterpret_cast<char*>(p) - 16;
+    delete[] ptr;
+  }
+
+  std::atomic<int> numAllocations;
+  std::atomic<int> numDeallocations;
+};
+}  // namespace
+
+TEST_P(BlockBasedTableTest, MemoryAllocator) {
+  auto custom_memory_allocator = std::make_shared<CustomMemoryAllocator>();
+  {
+    Options opt;
+    std::unique_ptr<InternalKeyComparator> ikc;
+    ikc.reset(new test::PlainInternalKeyComparator(opt.comparator));
+    opt.compression = kNoCompression;
+    BlockBasedTableOptions table_options;
+    table_options.block_size = 1024;
+    LRUCacheOptions lruOptions;
+    lruOptions.memory_allocator = custom_memory_allocator;
+    lruOptions.capacity = 16 * 1024 * 1024;
+    lruOptions.num_shard_bits = 4;
+    table_options.block_cache = NewLRUCache(std::move(lruOptions));
+    opt.table_factory.reset(NewBlockBasedTableFactory(table_options));
+
+    TableConstructor c(BytewiseComparator(),
+                       true /* convert_to_internal_key_ */);
+    c.Add("k01", "hello");
+    c.Add("k02", "hello2");
+    c.Add("k03", std::string(10000, 'x'));
+    c.Add("k04", std::string(200000, 'x'));
+    c.Add("k05", std::string(300000, 'x'));
+    c.Add("k06", "hello3");
+    c.Add("k07", std::string(100000, 'x'));
+    std::vector<std::string> keys;
+    stl_wrappers::KVMap kvmap;
+    const ImmutableCFOptions ioptions(opt);
+    const MutableCFOptions moptions(opt);
+    c.Finish(opt, ioptions, moptions, table_options, *ikc, &keys, &kvmap);
+
+    std::unique_ptr<InternalIterator> iter(
+        c.NewIterator(moptions.prefix_extractor.get()));
+    iter->SeekToFirst();
+    while (iter->Valid()) {
+      iter->key();
+      iter->value();
+      iter->Next();
+    }
+    ASSERT_OK(iter->status());
+  }
+
+  // out of scope, block cache should have been deleted, all allocations
+  // deallocated
+  EXPECT_EQ(custom_memory_allocator->numAllocations.load(),
+            custom_memory_allocator->numDeallocations.load());
+  // make sure that allocations actually happened through the cache allocator
+  EXPECT_GT(custom_memory_allocator->numAllocations.load(), 0);
+}
+
+// Test the file checksum of block based table
+TEST_P(BlockBasedTableTest, NoFileChecksum) {
+  Options options;
+  ImmutableCFOptions ioptions(options);
+  MutableCFOptions moptions(options);
+  BlockBasedTableOptions table_options = GetBlockBasedTableOptions();
+  std::unique_ptr<InternalKeyComparator> comparator(
+      new InternalKeyComparator(BytewiseComparator()));
+  int level = 0;
+  std::vector<std::unique_ptr<IntTblPropCollectorFactory>>
+      int_tbl_prop_collector_factories;
+  std::string column_family_name;
+
+  FileChecksumTestHelper f(true);
+  f.CreateWriteableFile();
+  std::unique_ptr<TableBuilder> builder;
+  builder.reset(ioptions.table_factory->NewTableBuilder(
+      TableBuilderOptions(ioptions, moptions, *comparator,
+                          &int_tbl_prop_collector_factories,
+                          options.compression, options.sample_for_compression,
+                          options.compression_opts, false /* skip_filters */,
+                          column_family_name, level),
+      TablePropertiesCollectorFactory::Context::kUnknownColumnFamily,
+      f.GetFileWriter()));
+  ASSERT_OK(f.ResetTableBuilder(std::move(builder)));
+  f.AddKVtoKVMap(1000);
+  ASSERT_OK(f.WriteKVAndFlushTable());
+  ASSERT_STREQ(f.GetFileChecksumFuncName(), kUnknownFileChecksumFuncName);
+  ASSERT_STREQ(f.GetFileChecksum().c_str(), kUnknownFileChecksum);
+}
+
+TEST_P(BlockBasedTableTest, Crc32cFileChecksum) {
+  FileChecksumGenCrc32cFactory* file_checksum_gen_factory =
+      new FileChecksumGenCrc32cFactory();
+  Options options;
+  options.file_checksum_gen_factory.reset(file_checksum_gen_factory);
+  ImmutableCFOptions ioptions(options);
+  MutableCFOptions moptions(options);
+  BlockBasedTableOptions table_options = GetBlockBasedTableOptions();
+  std::unique_ptr<InternalKeyComparator> comparator(
+      new InternalKeyComparator(BytewiseComparator()));
+  int level = 0;
+  std::vector<std::unique_ptr<IntTblPropCollectorFactory>>
+      int_tbl_prop_collector_factories;
+  std::string column_family_name;
+
+  FileChecksumGenContext gen_context;
+  gen_context.file_name = "db/tmp";
+  std::unique_ptr<FileChecksumGenerator> checksum_crc32c_gen1 =
+      options.file_checksum_gen_factory->CreateFileChecksumGenerator(
+          gen_context);
+  FileChecksumTestHelper f(true);
+  f.CreateWriteableFile();
+  f.SetFileChecksumGenerator(checksum_crc32c_gen1.release());
+  std::unique_ptr<TableBuilder> builder;
+  builder.reset(ioptions.table_factory->NewTableBuilder(
+      TableBuilderOptions(ioptions, moptions, *comparator,
+                          &int_tbl_prop_collector_factories,
+                          options.compression, options.sample_for_compression,
+                          options.compression_opts, false /* skip_filters */,
+                          column_family_name, level),
+      TablePropertiesCollectorFactory::Context::kUnknownColumnFamily,
+      f.GetFileWriter()));
+  ASSERT_OK(f.ResetTableBuilder(std::move(builder)));
+  f.AddKVtoKVMap(1000);
+  ASSERT_OK(f.WriteKVAndFlushTable());
+  ASSERT_STREQ(f.GetFileChecksumFuncName(), "FileChecksumCrc32c");
+
+  std::unique_ptr<FileChecksumGenerator> checksum_crc32c_gen2 =
+      options.file_checksum_gen_factory->CreateFileChecksumGenerator(
+          gen_context);
+  std::string checksum;
+  ASSERT_OK(f.CalculateFileChecksum(checksum_crc32c_gen2.get(), &checksum));
+  ASSERT_STREQ(f.GetFileChecksum().c_str(), checksum.c_str());
+
+  // Unit test the generator itself for schema stability
+  std::unique_ptr<FileChecksumGenerator> checksum_crc32c_gen3 =
+      options.file_checksum_gen_factory->CreateFileChecksumGenerator(
+          gen_context);
+  const char data[] = "here is some data";
+  checksum_crc32c_gen3->Update(data, sizeof(data));
+  checksum_crc32c_gen3->Finalize();
+  checksum = checksum_crc32c_gen3->GetChecksum();
+  ASSERT_STREQ(checksum.c_str(), "\345\245\277\110");
+}
+
+// Plain table is not supported in ROCKSDB_LITE
+#ifndef ROCKSDB_LITE
+TEST_F(PlainTableTest, BasicPlainTableProperties) {
+  PlainTableOptions plain_table_options;
+  plain_table_options.user_key_len = 8;
+  plain_table_options.bloom_bits_per_key = 8;
+  plain_table_options.hash_table_ratio = 0;
+
+  PlainTableFactory factory(plain_table_options);
+  std::unique_ptr<FSWritableFile> sink(new test::StringSink());
+  std::unique_ptr<WritableFileWriter> file_writer(new WritableFileWriter(
+      std::move(sink), "" /* don't care */, FileOptions()));
+  Options options;
+  const ImmutableCFOptions ioptions(options);
+  const MutableCFOptions moptions(options);
+  InternalKeyComparator ikc(options.comparator);
+  std::vector<std::unique_ptr<IntTblPropCollectorFactory>>
+      int_tbl_prop_collector_factories;
+  std::string column_family_name;
+  int unknown_level = -1;
+  std::unique_ptr<TableBuilder> builder(factory.NewTableBuilder(
+      TableBuilderOptions(
+          ioptions, moptions, ikc, &int_tbl_prop_collector_factories,
+          kNoCompression, 0 /* sample_for_compression */, CompressionOptions(),
+          false /* skip_filters */, column_family_name, unknown_level),
+      TablePropertiesCollectorFactory::Context::kUnknownColumnFamily,
+      file_writer.get()));
+
+  for (char c = 'a'; c <= 'z'; ++c) {
+    std::string key(8, c);
+    key.append("\1       ");  // PlainTable expects internal key structure
+    std::string value(28, c + 42);
+    builder->Add(key, value);
+  }
+  ASSERT_OK(builder->Finish());
+  ASSERT_OK(file_writer->Flush());
+
+  test::StringSink* ss =
+      static_cast<test::StringSink*>(file_writer->writable_file());
+  std::unique_ptr<FSRandomAccessFile> source(
+      new test::StringSource(ss->contents(), 72242, true));
+  std::unique_ptr<RandomAccessFileReader> file_reader(
+      new RandomAccessFileReader(std::move(source), "test"));
+
+  TableProperties* props = nullptr;
+  auto s = ReadTableProperties(file_reader.get(), ss->contents().size(),
+                               kPlainTableMagicNumber, ioptions,
+                               &props, true /* compression_type_missing */);
+  std::unique_ptr<TableProperties> props_guard(props);
+  ASSERT_OK(s);
+
+  ASSERT_EQ(0ul, props->index_size);
+  ASSERT_EQ(0ul, props->filter_size);
+  ASSERT_EQ(16ul * 26, props->raw_key_size);
+  ASSERT_EQ(28ul * 26, props->raw_value_size);
+  ASSERT_EQ(26ul, props->num_entries);
+  ASSERT_EQ(1ul, props->num_data_blocks);
+}
+
+TEST_F(PlainTableTest, NoFileChecksum) {
+  PlainTableOptions plain_table_options;
+  plain_table_options.user_key_len = 20;
+  plain_table_options.bloom_bits_per_key = 8;
+  plain_table_options.hash_table_ratio = 0;
+  PlainTableFactory factory(plain_table_options);
+
+  Options options;
+  const ImmutableCFOptions ioptions(options);
+  const MutableCFOptions moptions(options);
+  InternalKeyComparator ikc(options.comparator);
+  std::vector<std::unique_ptr<IntTblPropCollectorFactory>>
+      int_tbl_prop_collector_factories;
+  std::string column_family_name;
+  int unknown_level = -1;
+  FileChecksumTestHelper f(true);
+  f.CreateWriteableFile();
+
+  std::unique_ptr<TableBuilder> builder(factory.NewTableBuilder(
+      TableBuilderOptions(
+          ioptions, moptions, ikc, &int_tbl_prop_collector_factories,
+          kNoCompression, 0 /* sample_for_compression */, CompressionOptions(),
+          false /* skip_filters */, column_family_name, unknown_level),
+      TablePropertiesCollectorFactory::Context::kUnknownColumnFamily,
+      f.GetFileWriter()));
+  ASSERT_OK(f.ResetTableBuilder(std::move(builder)));
+  f.AddKVtoKVMap(1000);
+  ASSERT_OK(f.WriteKVAndFlushTable());
+  ASSERT_STREQ(f.GetFileChecksumFuncName(), kUnknownFileChecksumFuncName);
+  EXPECT_EQ(f.GetFileChecksum(), kUnknownFileChecksum);
+}
+
+TEST_F(PlainTableTest, Crc32cFileChecksum) {
+  PlainTableOptions plain_table_options;
+  plain_table_options.user_key_len = 20;
+  plain_table_options.bloom_bits_per_key = 8;
+  plain_table_options.hash_table_ratio = 0;
+  PlainTableFactory factory(plain_table_options);
+
+  FileChecksumGenCrc32cFactory* file_checksum_gen_factory =
+      new FileChecksumGenCrc32cFactory();
+  Options options;
+  options.file_checksum_gen_factory.reset(file_checksum_gen_factory);
+  const ImmutableCFOptions ioptions(options);
+  const MutableCFOptions moptions(options);
+  InternalKeyComparator ikc(options.comparator);
+  std::vector<std::unique_ptr<IntTblPropCollectorFactory>>
+      int_tbl_prop_collector_factories;
+  std::string column_family_name;
+  int unknown_level = -1;
+
+  FileChecksumGenContext gen_context;
+  gen_context.file_name = "db/tmp";
+  std::unique_ptr<FileChecksumGenerator> checksum_crc32c_gen1 =
+      options.file_checksum_gen_factory->CreateFileChecksumGenerator(
+          gen_context);
+  FileChecksumTestHelper f(true);
+  f.CreateWriteableFile();
+  f.SetFileChecksumGenerator(checksum_crc32c_gen1.release());
+
+  std::unique_ptr<TableBuilder> builder(factory.NewTableBuilder(
+      TableBuilderOptions(
+          ioptions, moptions, ikc, &int_tbl_prop_collector_factories,
+          kNoCompression, 0 /* sample_for_compression */, CompressionOptions(),
+          false /* skip_filters */, column_family_name, unknown_level),
+      TablePropertiesCollectorFactory::Context::kUnknownColumnFamily,
+      f.GetFileWriter()));
+  ASSERT_OK(f.ResetTableBuilder(std::move(builder)));
+  f.AddKVtoKVMap(1000);
+  ASSERT_OK(f.WriteKVAndFlushTable());
+  ASSERT_STREQ(f.GetFileChecksumFuncName(), "FileChecksumCrc32c");
+
+  std::unique_ptr<FileChecksumGenerator> checksum_crc32c_gen2 =
+      options.file_checksum_gen_factory->CreateFileChecksumGenerator(
+          gen_context);
+  std::string checksum;
+  ASSERT_OK(f.CalculateFileChecksum(checksum_crc32c_gen2.get(), &checksum));
+  EXPECT_STREQ(f.GetFileChecksum().c_str(), checksum.c_str());
+}
+
+#endif  // !ROCKSDB_LITE
+
+TEST_F(GeneralTableTest, ApproximateOffsetOfPlain) {
+  TableConstructor c(BytewiseComparator(), true /* convert_to_internal_key_ */);
+  c.Add("k01", "hello");
+  c.Add("k02", "hello2");
+  c.Add("k03", std::string(10000, 'x'));
+  c.Add("k04", std::string(200000, 'x'));
+  c.Add("k05", std::string(300000, 'x'));
+  c.Add("k06", "hello3");
+  c.Add("k07", std::string(100000, 'x'));
+  std::vector<std::string> keys;
+  stl_wrappers::KVMap kvmap;
+  Options options;
+  options.db_host_id = "";
+  test::PlainInternalKeyComparator internal_comparator(options.comparator);
+  options.compression = kNoCompression;
+  BlockBasedTableOptions table_options;
+  table_options.block_size = 1024;
+  const ImmutableCFOptions ioptions(options);
+  const MutableCFOptions moptions(options);
+  c.Finish(options, ioptions, moptions, table_options, internal_comparator,
+           &keys, &kvmap);
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(Between(c.ApproximateOffsetOf("abc"),       0,      0));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(Between(c.ApproximateOffsetOf("k01"),       0,      0));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(Between(c.ApproximateOffsetOf("k01a"),      0,      0));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(Between(c.ApproximateOffsetOf("k02"),       0,      0));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(Between(c.ApproximateOffsetOf("k03"),       0,      0));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(Between(c.ApproximateOffsetOf("k04"),   10000,  11000));
+  // k04 and k05 will be in two consecutive blocks, the index is
+  // an arbitrary slice between k04 and k05, either before or after k04a
+  ASSERT_TRUE(Between(c.ApproximateOffsetOf("k04a"), 10000, 211000));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(Between(c.ApproximateOffsetOf("k05"),  210000, 211000));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(Between(c.ApproximateOffsetOf("k06"),  510000, 511000));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(Between(c.ApproximateOffsetOf("k07"),  510000, 511000));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(Between(c.ApproximateOffsetOf("xyz"),  610000, 612000));
+  c.ResetTableReader();
+}
+
+static void DoCompressionTest(CompressionType comp) {
+  Random rnd(301);
+  TableConstructor c(BytewiseComparator(), true /* convert_to_internal_key_ */);
+  std::string tmp;
+  c.Add("k01", "hello");
+  c.Add("k02", test::CompressibleString(&rnd, 0.25, 10000, &tmp));
+  c.Add("k03", "hello3");
+  c.Add("k04", test::CompressibleString(&rnd, 0.25, 10000, &tmp));
+  std::vector<std::string> keys;
+  stl_wrappers::KVMap kvmap;
+  Options options;
+  test::PlainInternalKeyComparator ikc(options.comparator);
+  options.compression = comp;
+  BlockBasedTableOptions table_options;
+  table_options.block_size = 1024;
+  const ImmutableCFOptions ioptions(options);
+  const MutableCFOptions moptions(options);
+  c.Finish(options, ioptions, moptions, table_options, ikc, &keys, &kvmap);
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(Between(c.ApproximateOffsetOf("abc"), 0, 0));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(Between(c.ApproximateOffsetOf("k01"), 0, 0));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(Between(c.ApproximateOffsetOf("k02"), 0, 0));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(Between(c.ApproximateOffsetOf("k03"), 2000, 3500));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(Between(c.ApproximateOffsetOf("k04"), 2000, 3500));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(Between(c.ApproximateOffsetOf("xyz"), 4000, 7000));
+  c.ResetTableReader();
+}
+
+TEST_F(GeneralTableTest, ApproximateOffsetOfCompressed) {
+  std::vector<CompressionType> compression_state;
+  if (!Snappy_Supported()) {
+    fprintf(stderr, "skipping snappy compression tests\n");
+  } else {
+    compression_state.push_back(kSnappyCompression);
+  }
+
+  if (!Zlib_Supported()) {
+    fprintf(stderr, "skipping zlib compression tests\n");
+  } else {
+    compression_state.push_back(kZlibCompression);
+  }
+
+  // TODO(kailiu) DoCompressionTest() doesn't work with BZip2.
+  /*
+  if (!BZip2_Supported()) {
+    fprintf(stderr, "skipping bzip2 compression tests\n");
+  } else {
+    compression_state.push_back(kBZip2Compression);
+  }
+  */
+
+  if (!LZ4_Supported()) {
+    fprintf(stderr, "skipping lz4 and lz4hc compression tests\n");
+  } else {
+    compression_state.push_back(kLZ4Compression);
+    compression_state.push_back(kLZ4HCCompression);
+  }
+
+  if (!XPRESS_Supported()) {
+    fprintf(stderr, "skipping xpress and xpress compression tests\n");
+  }
+  else {
+    compression_state.push_back(kXpressCompression);
+  }
+
+  for (auto state : compression_state) {
+    DoCompressionTest(state);
+  }
+}
+
+#ifndef ROCKSDB_VALGRIND_RUN
+TEST_P(ParameterizedHarnessTest, RandomizedHarnessTest) {
+  Random rnd(test::RandomSeed() + 5);
+  for (int num_entries = 0; num_entries < 2000;
+       num_entries += (num_entries < 50 ? 1 : 200)) {
+    for (int e = 0; e < num_entries; e++) {
+      Add(test::RandomKey(&rnd, rnd.Skewed(4)),
+          rnd.RandomString(rnd.Skewed(5)));
+    }
+    Test(&rnd);
+  }
+}
+
+#ifndef ROCKSDB_LITE
+TEST_F(DBHarnessTest, RandomizedLongDB) {
+  Random rnd(test::RandomSeed());
+  int num_entries = 100000;
+  for (int e = 0; e < num_entries; e++) {
+    std::string v;
+    Add(test::RandomKey(&rnd, rnd.Skewed(4)), rnd.RandomString(rnd.Skewed(5)));
+  }
+  Test(&rnd);
+
+  // We must have created enough data to force merging
+  int files = 0;
+  for (int level = 0; level < db()->NumberLevels(); level++) {
+    std::string value;
+    char name[100];
+    snprintf(name, sizeof(name), "rocksdb.num-files-at-level%d", level);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(db()->GetProperty(name, &value));
+    files += atoi(value.c_str());
+  }
+  ASSERT_GT(files, 0);
+}
+#endif  // ROCKSDB_LITE
+#endif  // ROCKSDB_VALGRIND_RUN
+
+class MemTableTest : public testing::Test {
+ public:
+  MemTableTest() {
+    InternalKeyComparator cmp(BytewiseComparator());
+    auto table_factory = std::make_shared<SkipListFactory>();
+    options_.memtable_factory = table_factory;
+    ImmutableCFOptions ioptions(options_);
+    wb_ = new WriteBufferManager(options_.db_write_buffer_size);
+    memtable_ = new MemTable(cmp, ioptions, MutableCFOptions(options_), wb_,
+                             kMaxSequenceNumber, 0 /* column_family_id */);
+    memtable_->Ref();
+  }
+
+  ~MemTableTest() {
+    delete memtable_->Unref();
+    delete wb_;
+  }
+
+  MemTable* GetMemTable() { return memtable_; }
+
+ private:
+  MemTable* memtable_;
+  Options options_;
+  WriteBufferManager* wb_;
+};
+
+TEST_F(MemTableTest, Simple) {
+  WriteBatch batch;
+  WriteBatchInternal::SetSequence(&batch, 100);
+  ASSERT_OK(batch.Put(std::string("k1"), std::string("v1")));
+  ASSERT_OK(batch.Put(std::string("k2"), std::string("v2")));
+  ASSERT_OK(batch.Put(std::string("k3"), std::string("v3")));
+  ASSERT_OK(batch.Put(std::string("largekey"), std::string("vlarge")));
+  ASSERT_OK(batch.DeleteRange(std::string("chi"), std::string("xigua")));
+  ASSERT_OK(batch.DeleteRange(std::string("begin"), std::string("end")));
+  ColumnFamilyMemTablesDefault cf_mems_default(GetMemTable());
+  ASSERT_TRUE(
+      WriteBatchInternal::InsertInto(&batch, &cf_mems_default, nullptr, nullptr)
+          .ok());
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < 2; ++i) {
+    Arena arena;
+    ScopedArenaIterator arena_iter_guard;
+    std::unique_ptr<InternalIterator> iter_guard;
+    InternalIterator* iter;
+    if (i == 0) {
+      iter = GetMemTable()->NewIterator(ReadOptions(), &arena);
+      arena_iter_guard.set(iter);
+    } else {
+      iter = GetMemTable()->NewRangeTombstoneIterator(
+          ReadOptions(), kMaxSequenceNumber /* read_seq */);
+      iter_guard.reset(iter);
+    }
+    if (iter == nullptr) {
+      continue;
+    }
+    iter->SeekToFirst();
+    while (iter->Valid()) {
+      fprintf(stderr, "key: '%s' -> '%s'\n", iter->key().ToString().c_str(),
+              iter->value().ToString().c_str());
+      iter->Next();
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+// Test the empty key
+TEST_P(ParameterizedHarnessTest, SimpleEmptyKey) {
+  Random rnd(test::RandomSeed() + 1);
+  Add("", "v");
+  Test(&rnd);
+}
+
+TEST_P(ParameterizedHarnessTest, SimpleSingle) {
+  Random rnd(test::RandomSeed() + 2);
+  Add("abc", "v");
+  Test(&rnd);
+}
+
+TEST_P(ParameterizedHarnessTest, SimpleMulti) {
+  Random rnd(test::RandomSeed() + 3);
+  Add("abc", "v");
+  Add("abcd", "v");
+  Add("ac", "v2");
+  Test(&rnd);
+}
+
+TEST_P(ParameterizedHarnessTest, SimpleSpecialKey) {
+  Random rnd(test::RandomSeed() + 4);
+  Add("\xff\xff", "v3");
+  Test(&rnd);
+}
+
+TEST(TableTest, FooterTests) {
+  {
+    // upconvert legacy block based
+    std::string encoded;
+    Footer footer(kLegacyBlockBasedTableMagicNumber, 0);
+    BlockHandle meta_index(10, 5), index(20, 15);
+    footer.set_metaindex_handle(meta_index);
+    footer.set_index_handle(index);
+    footer.EncodeTo(&encoded);
+    Footer decoded_footer;
+    Slice encoded_slice(encoded);
+    ASSERT_OK(decoded_footer.DecodeFrom(&encoded_slice));
+    ASSERT_EQ(decoded_footer.table_magic_number(), kBlockBasedTableMagicNumber);
+    ASSERT_EQ(decoded_footer.checksum(), kCRC32c);
+    ASSERT_EQ(decoded_footer.metaindex_handle().offset(), meta_index.offset());
+    ASSERT_EQ(decoded_footer.metaindex_handle().size(), meta_index.size());
+    ASSERT_EQ(decoded_footer.index_handle().offset(), index.offset());
+    ASSERT_EQ(decoded_footer.index_handle().size(), index.size());
+    ASSERT_EQ(decoded_footer.version(), 0U);
+  }
+  {
+    // xxhash block based
+    std::string encoded;
+    Footer footer(kBlockBasedTableMagicNumber, 1);
+    BlockHandle meta_index(10, 5), index(20, 15);
+    footer.set_metaindex_handle(meta_index);
+    footer.set_index_handle(index);
+    footer.set_checksum(kxxHash);
+    footer.EncodeTo(&encoded);
+    Footer decoded_footer;
+    Slice encoded_slice(encoded);
+    ASSERT_OK(decoded_footer.DecodeFrom(&encoded_slice));
+    ASSERT_EQ(decoded_footer.table_magic_number(), kBlockBasedTableMagicNumber);
+    ASSERT_EQ(decoded_footer.checksum(), kxxHash);
+    ASSERT_EQ(decoded_footer.metaindex_handle().offset(), meta_index.offset());
+    ASSERT_EQ(decoded_footer.metaindex_handle().size(), meta_index.size());
+    ASSERT_EQ(decoded_footer.index_handle().offset(), index.offset());
+    ASSERT_EQ(decoded_footer.index_handle().size(), index.size());
+    ASSERT_EQ(decoded_footer.version(), 1U);
+  }
+  {
+    // xxhash64 block based
+    std::string encoded;
+    Footer footer(kBlockBasedTableMagicNumber, 1);
+    BlockHandle meta_index(10, 5), index(20, 15);
+    footer.set_metaindex_handle(meta_index);
+    footer.set_index_handle(index);
+    footer.set_checksum(kxxHash64);
+    footer.EncodeTo(&encoded);
+    Footer decoded_footer;
+    Slice encoded_slice(encoded);
+    ASSERT_OK(decoded_footer.DecodeFrom(&encoded_slice));
+    ASSERT_EQ(decoded_footer.table_magic_number(), kBlockBasedTableMagicNumber);
+    ASSERT_EQ(decoded_footer.checksum(), kxxHash64);
+    ASSERT_EQ(decoded_footer.metaindex_handle().offset(), meta_index.offset());
+    ASSERT_EQ(decoded_footer.metaindex_handle().size(), meta_index.size());
+    ASSERT_EQ(decoded_footer.index_handle().offset(), index.offset());
+    ASSERT_EQ(decoded_footer.index_handle().size(), index.size());
+    ASSERT_EQ(decoded_footer.version(), 1U);
+  }
+// Plain table is not supported in ROCKSDB_LITE
+#ifndef ROCKSDB_LITE
+  {
+    // upconvert legacy plain table
+    std::string encoded;
+    Footer footer(kLegacyPlainTableMagicNumber, 0);
+    BlockHandle meta_index(10, 5), index(20, 15);
+    footer.set_metaindex_handle(meta_index);
+    footer.set_index_handle(index);
+    footer.EncodeTo(&encoded);
+    Footer decoded_footer;
+    Slice encoded_slice(encoded);
+    ASSERT_OK(decoded_footer.DecodeFrom(&encoded_slice));
+    ASSERT_EQ(decoded_footer.table_magic_number(), kPlainTableMagicNumber);
+    ASSERT_EQ(decoded_footer.checksum(), kCRC32c);
+    ASSERT_EQ(decoded_footer.metaindex_handle().offset(), meta_index.offset());
+    ASSERT_EQ(decoded_footer.metaindex_handle().size(), meta_index.size());
+    ASSERT_EQ(decoded_footer.index_handle().offset(), index.offset());
+    ASSERT_EQ(decoded_footer.index_handle().size(), index.size());
+    ASSERT_EQ(decoded_footer.version(), 0U);
+  }
+  {
+    // xxhash block based
+    std::string encoded;
+    Footer footer(kPlainTableMagicNumber, 1);
+    BlockHandle meta_index(10, 5), index(20, 15);
+    footer.set_metaindex_handle(meta_index);
+    footer.set_index_handle(index);
+    footer.set_checksum(kxxHash);
+    footer.EncodeTo(&encoded);
+    Footer decoded_footer;
+    Slice encoded_slice(encoded);
+    ASSERT_OK(decoded_footer.DecodeFrom(&encoded_slice));
+    ASSERT_EQ(decoded_footer.table_magic_number(), kPlainTableMagicNumber);
+    ASSERT_EQ(decoded_footer.checksum(), kxxHash);
+    ASSERT_EQ(decoded_footer.metaindex_handle().offset(), meta_index.offset());
+    ASSERT_EQ(decoded_footer.metaindex_handle().size(), meta_index.size());
+    ASSERT_EQ(decoded_footer.index_handle().offset(), index.offset());
+    ASSERT_EQ(decoded_footer.index_handle().size(), index.size());
+    ASSERT_EQ(decoded_footer.version(), 1U);
+  }
+#endif  // !ROCKSDB_LITE
+  {
+    // version == 2
+    std::string encoded;
+    Footer footer(kBlockBasedTableMagicNumber, 2);
+    BlockHandle meta_index(10, 5), index(20, 15);
+    footer.set_metaindex_handle(meta_index);
+    footer.set_index_handle(index);
+    footer.EncodeTo(&encoded);
+    Footer decoded_footer;
+    Slice encoded_slice(encoded);
+    ASSERT_OK(decoded_footer.DecodeFrom(&encoded_slice));
+    ASSERT_EQ(decoded_footer.table_magic_number(), kBlockBasedTableMagicNumber);
+    ASSERT_EQ(decoded_footer.checksum(), kCRC32c);
+    ASSERT_EQ(decoded_footer.metaindex_handle().offset(), meta_index.offset());
+    ASSERT_EQ(decoded_footer.metaindex_handle().size(), meta_index.size());
+    ASSERT_EQ(decoded_footer.index_handle().offset(), index.offset());
+    ASSERT_EQ(decoded_footer.index_handle().size(), index.size());
+    ASSERT_EQ(decoded_footer.version(), 2U);
+  }
+}
+
+class IndexBlockRestartIntervalTest
+    : public TableTest,
+      public ::testing::WithParamInterface<std::pair<int, bool>> {
+ public:
+  static std::vector<std::pair<int, bool>> GetRestartValues() {
+    return {{-1, false}, {0, false},  {1, false}, {8, false},
+            {16, false}, {32, false}, {-1, true}, {0, true},
+            {1, true},   {8, true},   {16, true}, {32, true}};
+  }
+};
+
+INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P(
+    IndexBlockRestartIntervalTest, IndexBlockRestartIntervalTest,
+    ::testing::ValuesIn(IndexBlockRestartIntervalTest::GetRestartValues()));
+
+TEST_P(IndexBlockRestartIntervalTest, IndexBlockRestartInterval) {
+  const int kKeysInTable = 10000;
+  const int kKeySize = 100;
+  const int kValSize = 500;
+
+  const int index_block_restart_interval = std::get<0>(GetParam());
+  const bool value_delta_encoding = std::get<1>(GetParam());
+
+  Options options;
+  BlockBasedTableOptions table_options;
+  table_options.block_size = 64;  // small block size to get big index block
+  table_options.index_block_restart_interval = index_block_restart_interval;
+  if (value_delta_encoding) {
+    table_options.format_version = 4;
+  }
+  options.table_factory.reset(new BlockBasedTableFactory(table_options));
+
+  TableConstructor c(BytewiseComparator());
+  static Random rnd(301);
+  for (int i = 0; i < kKeysInTable; i++) {
+    InternalKey k(rnd.RandomString(kKeySize), 0, kTypeValue);
+    c.Add(k.Encode().ToString(), rnd.RandomString(kValSize));
+  }
+
+  std::vector<std::string> keys;
+  stl_wrappers::KVMap kvmap;
+  std::unique_ptr<InternalKeyComparator> comparator(
+      new InternalKeyComparator(BytewiseComparator()));
+  const ImmutableCFOptions ioptions(options);
+  const MutableCFOptions moptions(options);
+  c.Finish(options, ioptions, moptions, table_options, *comparator, &keys,
+           &kvmap);
+  auto reader = c.GetTableReader();
+
+  ReadOptions read_options;
+  std::unique_ptr<InternalIterator> db_iter(reader->NewIterator(
+      read_options, moptions.prefix_extractor.get(), /*arena=*/nullptr,
+      /*skip_filters=*/false, TableReaderCaller::kUncategorized));
+
+  // Test point lookup
+  for (auto& kv : kvmap) {
+    db_iter->Seek(kv.first);
+
+    ASSERT_TRUE(db_iter->Valid());
+    ASSERT_OK(db_iter->status());
+    ASSERT_EQ(db_iter->key(), kv.first);
+    ASSERT_EQ(db_iter->value(), kv.second);
+  }
+
+  // Test iterating
+  auto kv_iter = kvmap.begin();
+  for (db_iter->SeekToFirst(); db_iter->Valid(); db_iter->Next()) {
+    ASSERT_EQ(db_iter->key(), kv_iter->first);
+    ASSERT_EQ(db_iter->value(), kv_iter->second);
+    kv_iter++;
+  }
+  ASSERT_EQ(kv_iter, kvmap.end());
+  c.ResetTableReader();
+}
+
+class PrefixTest : public testing::Test {
+ public:
+  PrefixTest() : testing::Test() {}
+  ~PrefixTest() override {}
+};
+
+namespace {
+// A simple PrefixExtractor that only works for test PrefixAndWholeKeyTest
+class TestPrefixExtractor : public ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::SliceTransform {
+ public:
+  ~TestPrefixExtractor() override{};
+  const char* Name() const override { return "TestPrefixExtractor"; }
+
+  ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::Slice Transform(
+      const ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::Slice& src) const override {
+    assert(IsValid(src));
+    return ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::Slice(src.data(), 3);
+  }
+
+  bool InDomain(const ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::Slice& src) const override {
+    assert(IsValid(src));
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  bool InRange(const ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::Slice& /*dst*/) const override {
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  bool IsValid(const ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::Slice& src) const {
+    if (src.size() != 4) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    if (src[0] != '[') {
+      return false;
+    }
+    if (src[1] < '0' || src[1] > '9') {
+      return false;
+    }
+    if (src[2] != ']') {
+      return false;
+    }
+    if (src[3] < '0' || src[3] > '9') {
+      return false;
+    }
+    return true;
+  }
+};
+}  // namespace
+
+TEST_F(PrefixTest, PrefixAndWholeKeyTest) {
+  ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::Options options;
+  options.compaction_style = ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::kCompactionStyleUniversal;
+  options.num_levels = 20;
+  options.create_if_missing = true;
+  options.optimize_filters_for_hits = false;
+  options.target_file_size_base = 268435456;
+  options.prefix_extractor = std::make_shared<TestPrefixExtractor>();
+  ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::BlockBasedTableOptions bbto;
+  bbto.filter_policy.reset(ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::NewBloomFilterPolicy(10));
+  bbto.block_size = 262144;
+  bbto.whole_key_filtering = true;
+
+  const std::string kDBPath = test::PerThreadDBPath("table_prefix_test");
+  options.table_factory.reset(NewBlockBasedTableFactory(bbto));
+  ASSERT_OK(DestroyDB(kDBPath, options));
+  ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::DB* db;
+  ASSERT_OK(ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::DB::Open(options, kDBPath, &db));
+
+  // Create a bunch of keys with 10 filters.
+  for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
+    std::string prefix = "[" + std::to_string(i) + "]";
+    for (int j = 0; j < 10; j++) {
+      std::string key = prefix + std::to_string(j);
+      ASSERT_OK(db->Put(ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::WriteOptions(), key, "1"));
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Trigger compaction.
+  ASSERT_OK(db->CompactRange(CompactRangeOptions(), nullptr, nullptr));
+  delete db;
+  // In the second round, turn whole_key_filtering off and expect
+  // rocksdb still works.
+}
+
+/*
+ * Disable TableWithGlobalSeqno since RocksDB does not store global_seqno in
+ * the SST file any more. Instead, RocksDB deduces global_seqno from the
+ * MANIFEST while reading from an SST. Therefore, it's not possible to test the
+ * functionality of global_seqno in a single, isolated unit test without the
+ * involvement of Version, VersionSet, etc.
+ */
+TEST_P(BlockBasedTableTest, DISABLED_TableWithGlobalSeqno) {
+  BlockBasedTableOptions bbto = GetBlockBasedTableOptions();
+  test::StringSink* sink = new test::StringSink();
+  std::unique_ptr<FSWritableFile> holder(sink);
+  std::unique_ptr<WritableFileWriter> file_writer(new WritableFileWriter(
+      std::move(holder), "" /* don't care */, FileOptions()));
+  Options options;
+  options.table_factory.reset(NewBlockBasedTableFactory(bbto));
+  const ImmutableCFOptions ioptions(options);
+  const MutableCFOptions moptions(options);
+  InternalKeyComparator ikc(options.comparator);
+  std::vector<std::unique_ptr<IntTblPropCollectorFactory>>
+      int_tbl_prop_collector_factories;
+  int_tbl_prop_collector_factories.emplace_back(
+      new SstFileWriterPropertiesCollectorFactory(2 /* version */,
+                                                  0 /* global_seqno*/));
+  std::string column_family_name;
+  std::unique_ptr<TableBuilder> builder(options.table_factory->NewTableBuilder(
+      TableBuilderOptions(ioptions, moptions, ikc,
+                          &int_tbl_prop_collector_factories, kNoCompression,
+                          0 /* sample_for_compression */, CompressionOptions(),
+                          false /* skip_filters */, column_family_name, -1),
+      TablePropertiesCollectorFactory::Context::kUnknownColumnFamily,
+      file_writer.get()));
+
+  for (char c = 'a'; c <= 'z'; ++c) {
+    std::string key(8, c);
+    std::string value = key;
+    InternalKey ik(key, 0, kTypeValue);
+
+    builder->Add(ik.Encode(), value);
+  }
+  ASSERT_OK(builder->Finish());
+  ASSERT_OK(file_writer->Flush());
+
+  test::RandomRWStringSink ss_rw(sink);
+  uint32_t version;
+  uint64_t global_seqno;
+  uint64_t global_seqno_offset;
+
+  // Helper function to get version, global_seqno, global_seqno_offset
+  std::function<void()> GetVersionAndGlobalSeqno = [&]() {
+    std::unique_ptr<FSRandomAccessFile> source(
+        new test::StringSource(ss_rw.contents(), 73342, true));
+    std::unique_ptr<RandomAccessFileReader> file_reader(
+        new RandomAccessFileReader(std::move(source), ""));
+
+    TableProperties* props = nullptr;
+    ASSERT_OK(ReadTableProperties(file_reader.get(), ss_rw.contents().size(),
+                                  kBlockBasedTableMagicNumber, ioptions,
+                                  &props, true /* compression_type_missing */));
+
+    UserCollectedProperties user_props = props->user_collected_properties;
+    version = DecodeFixed32(
+        user_props[ExternalSstFilePropertyNames::kVersion].c_str());
+    global_seqno = DecodeFixed64(
+        user_props[ExternalSstFilePropertyNames::kGlobalSeqno].c_str());
+    global_seqno_offset =
+        props->properties_offsets[ExternalSstFilePropertyNames::kGlobalSeqno];
+
+    delete props;
+  };
+
+  // Helper function to update the value of the global seqno in the file
+  std::function<void(uint64_t)> SetGlobalSeqno = [&](uint64_t val) {
+    std::string new_global_seqno;
+    PutFixed64(&new_global_seqno, val);
+
+    ASSERT_OK(ss_rw.Write(global_seqno_offset, new_global_seqno, IOOptions(),
+                          nullptr));
+  };
+
+  // Helper function to get the contents of the table InternalIterator
+  std::unique_ptr<TableReader> table_reader;
+  const ReadOptions read_options;
+  std::function<InternalIterator*()> GetTableInternalIter = [&]() {
+    std::unique_ptr<FSRandomAccessFile> source(
+        new test::StringSource(ss_rw.contents(), 73342, true));
+    std::unique_ptr<RandomAccessFileReader> file_reader(
+        new RandomAccessFileReader(std::move(source), ""));
+
+    options.table_factory->NewTableReader(
+        TableReaderOptions(ioptions, moptions.prefix_extractor.get(),
+                           EnvOptions(), ikc),
+        std::move(file_reader), ss_rw.contents().size(), &table_reader);
+
+    return table_reader->NewIterator(
+        read_options, moptions.prefix_extractor.get(), /*arena=*/nullptr,
+        /*skip_filters=*/false, TableReaderCaller::kUncategorized);
+  };
+
+  GetVersionAndGlobalSeqno();
+  ASSERT_EQ(2u, version);
+  ASSERT_EQ(0u, global_seqno);
+
+  InternalIterator* iter = GetTableInternalIter();
+  char current_c = 'a';
+  for (iter->SeekToFirst(); iter->Valid(); iter->Next()) {
+    ParsedInternalKey pik;
+    ASSERT_OK(ParseInternalKey(iter->key(), &pik, true /* log_err_key */));
+
+    ASSERT_EQ(pik.type, ValueType::kTypeValue);
+    ASSERT_EQ(pik.sequence, 0);
+    ASSERT_EQ(pik.user_key, iter->value());
+    ASSERT_EQ(pik.user_key.ToString(), std::string(8, current_c));
+    current_c++;
+  }
+  ASSERT_EQ(current_c, 'z' + 1);
+  delete iter;
+
+  // Update global sequence number to 10
+  SetGlobalSeqno(10);
+  GetVersionAndGlobalSeqno();
+  ASSERT_EQ(2u, version);
+  ASSERT_EQ(10u, global_seqno);
+
+  iter = GetTableInternalIter();
+  current_c = 'a';
+  for (iter->SeekToFirst(); iter->Valid(); iter->Next()) {
+    ParsedInternalKey pik;
+    ASSERT_OK(ParseInternalKey(iter->key(), &pik, true /* log_err_key */));
+
+    ASSERT_EQ(pik.type, ValueType::kTypeValue);
+    ASSERT_EQ(pik.sequence, 10);
+    ASSERT_EQ(pik.user_key, iter->value());
+    ASSERT_EQ(pik.user_key.ToString(), std::string(8, current_c));
+    current_c++;
+  }
+  ASSERT_EQ(current_c, 'z' + 1);
+
+  // Verify Seek
+  for (char c = 'a'; c <= 'z'; c++) {
+    std::string k = std::string(8, c);
+    InternalKey ik(k, 10, kValueTypeForSeek);
+    iter->Seek(ik.Encode());
+    ASSERT_TRUE(iter->Valid());
+
+    ParsedInternalKey pik;
+    ASSERT_OK(ParseInternalKey(iter->key(), &pik, true /* log_err_key */));
+
+    ASSERT_EQ(pik.type, ValueType::kTypeValue);
+    ASSERT_EQ(pik.sequence, 10);
+    ASSERT_EQ(pik.user_key.ToString(), k);
+    ASSERT_EQ(iter->value().ToString(), k);
+  }
+  delete iter;
+
+  // Update global sequence number to 3
+  SetGlobalSeqno(3);
+  GetVersionAndGlobalSeqno();
+  ASSERT_EQ(2u, version);
+  ASSERT_EQ(3u, global_seqno);
+
+  iter = GetTableInternalIter();
+  current_c = 'a';
+  for (iter->SeekToFirst(); iter->Valid(); iter->Next()) {
+    ParsedInternalKey pik;
+    ASSERT_OK(ParseInternalKey(iter->key(), &pik, true /* log_err_key */));
+
+    ASSERT_EQ(pik.type, ValueType::kTypeValue);
+    ASSERT_EQ(pik.sequence, 3);
+    ASSERT_EQ(pik.user_key, iter->value());
+    ASSERT_EQ(pik.user_key.ToString(), std::string(8, current_c));
+    current_c++;
+  }
+  ASSERT_EQ(current_c, 'z' + 1);
+
+  // Verify Seek
+  for (char c = 'a'; c <= 'z'; c++) {
+    std::string k = std::string(8, c);
+    // seqno=4 is less than 3 so we still should get our key
+    InternalKey ik(k, 4, kValueTypeForSeek);
+    iter->Seek(ik.Encode());
+    ASSERT_TRUE(iter->Valid());
+
+    ParsedInternalKey pik;
+    ASSERT_OK(ParseInternalKey(iter->key(), &pik, true /* log_err_key */));
+
+    ASSERT_EQ(pik.type, ValueType::kTypeValue);
+    ASSERT_EQ(pik.sequence, 3);
+    ASSERT_EQ(pik.user_key.ToString(), k);
+    ASSERT_EQ(iter->value().ToString(), k);
+  }
+
+  delete iter;
+}
+
+TEST_P(BlockBasedTableTest, BlockAlignTest) {
+  BlockBasedTableOptions bbto = GetBlockBasedTableOptions();
+  bbto.block_align = true;
+  test::StringSink* sink = new test::StringSink();
+  std::unique_ptr<FSWritableFile> holder(sink);
+  std::unique_ptr<WritableFileWriter> file_writer(new WritableFileWriter(
+      std::move(holder), "" /* don't care */, FileOptions()));
+  Options options;
+  options.compression = kNoCompression;
+  options.table_factory.reset(NewBlockBasedTableFactory(bbto));
+  const ImmutableCFOptions ioptions(options);
+  const MutableCFOptions moptions(options);
+  InternalKeyComparator ikc(options.comparator);
+  std::vector<std::unique_ptr<IntTblPropCollectorFactory>>
+      int_tbl_prop_collector_factories;
+  std::string column_family_name;
+  std::unique_ptr<TableBuilder> builder(options.table_factory->NewTableBuilder(
+      TableBuilderOptions(ioptions, moptions, ikc,
+                          &int_tbl_prop_collector_factories, kNoCompression,
+                          0 /* sample_for_compression */, CompressionOptions(),
+                          false /* skip_filters */, column_family_name, -1),
+      TablePropertiesCollectorFactory::Context::kUnknownColumnFamily,
+      file_writer.get()));
+
+  for (int i = 1; i <= 10000; ++i) {
+    std::ostringstream ostr;
+    ostr << std::setfill('0') << std::setw(5) << i;
+    std::string key = ostr.str();
+    std::string value = "val";
+    InternalKey ik(key, 0, kTypeValue);
+
+    builder->Add(ik.Encode(), value);
+  }
+  ASSERT_OK(builder->Finish());
+  ASSERT_OK(file_writer->Flush());
+
+  std::unique_ptr<FSRandomAccessFile> source(
+      new test::StringSource(sink->contents(), 73342, false));
+  std::unique_ptr<RandomAccessFileReader> file_reader(
+      new RandomAccessFileReader(std::move(source), "test"));
+  // Helper function to get version, global_seqno, global_seqno_offset
+  std::function<void()> VerifyBlockAlignment = [&]() {
+    TableProperties* props = nullptr;
+    ASSERT_OK(ReadTableProperties(file_reader.get(), sink->contents().size(),
+                                  kBlockBasedTableMagicNumber, ioptions, &props,
+                                  true /* compression_type_missing */));
+
+    uint64_t data_block_size = props->data_size / props->num_data_blocks;
+    ASSERT_EQ(data_block_size, 4096);
+    ASSERT_EQ(props->data_size, data_block_size * props->num_data_blocks);
+    delete props;
+  };
+
+  VerifyBlockAlignment();
+
+  // The below block of code verifies that we can read back the keys. Set
+  // block_align to false when creating the reader to ensure we can flip between
+  // the two modes without any issues
+  std::unique_ptr<TableReader> table_reader;
+  bbto.block_align = false;
+  Options options2;
+  options2.table_factory.reset(NewBlockBasedTableFactory(bbto));
+  ImmutableCFOptions ioptions2(options2);
+  const MutableCFOptions moptions2(options2);
+
+  ASSERT_OK(ioptions.table_factory->NewTableReader(
+      TableReaderOptions(ioptions2, moptions2.prefix_extractor.get(),
+                         EnvOptions(),
+                         GetPlainInternalComparator(options2.comparator)),
+      std::move(file_reader), sink->contents().size(), &table_reader));
+
+  ReadOptions read_options;
+  std::unique_ptr<InternalIterator> db_iter(table_reader->NewIterator(
+      read_options, moptions2.prefix_extractor.get(), /*arena=*/nullptr,
+      /*skip_filters=*/false, TableReaderCaller::kUncategorized));
+
+  int expected_key = 1;
+  for (db_iter->SeekToFirst(); db_iter->Valid(); db_iter->Next()) {
+    std::ostringstream ostr;
+    ostr << std::setfill('0') << std::setw(5) << expected_key++;
+    std::string key = ostr.str();
+    std::string value = "val";
+
+    ASSERT_OK(db_iter->status());
+    ASSERT_EQ(ExtractUserKey(db_iter->key()).ToString(), key);
+    ASSERT_EQ(db_iter->value().ToString(), value);
+  }
+  expected_key--;
+  ASSERT_EQ(expected_key, 10000);
+  table_reader.reset();
+}
+
+TEST_P(BlockBasedTableTest, PropertiesBlockRestartPointTest) {
+  BlockBasedTableOptions bbto = GetBlockBasedTableOptions();
+  bbto.block_align = true;
+  test::StringSink* sink = new test::StringSink();
+  std::unique_ptr<FSWritableFile> holder(sink);
+  std::unique_ptr<WritableFileWriter> file_writer(new WritableFileWriter(
+      std::move(holder), "" /* don't care */, FileOptions()));
+
+  Options options;
+  options.compression = kNoCompression;
+  options.table_factory.reset(NewBlockBasedTableFactory(bbto));
+
+  const ImmutableCFOptions ioptions(options);
+  const MutableCFOptions moptions(options);
+  InternalKeyComparator ikc(options.comparator);
+  std::vector<std::unique_ptr<IntTblPropCollectorFactory>>
+      int_tbl_prop_collector_factories;
+  std::string column_family_name;
+
+  std::unique_ptr<TableBuilder> builder(options.table_factory->NewTableBuilder(
+      TableBuilderOptions(ioptions, moptions, ikc,
+                          &int_tbl_prop_collector_factories, kNoCompression,
+                          0 /* sample_for_compression */, CompressionOptions(),
+                          false /* skip_filters */, column_family_name, -1),
+      TablePropertiesCollectorFactory::Context::kUnknownColumnFamily,
+      file_writer.get()));
+
+  for (int i = 1; i <= 10000; ++i) {
+    std::ostringstream ostr;
+    ostr << std::setfill('0') << std::setw(5) << i;
+    std::string key = ostr.str();
+    std::string value = "val";
+    InternalKey ik(key, 0, kTypeValue);
+
+    builder->Add(ik.Encode(), value);
+  }
+  ASSERT_OK(builder->Finish());
+  ASSERT_OK(file_writer->Flush());
+
+  std::unique_ptr<FSRandomAccessFile> source(
+      new test::StringSource(sink->contents(), 73342, true));
+  std::unique_ptr<RandomAccessFileReader> file_reader(
+      new RandomAccessFileReader(std::move(source), "test"));
+
+  {
+    RandomAccessFileReader* file = file_reader.get();
+    uint64_t file_size = sink->contents().size();
+
+    Footer footer;
+    IOOptions opts;
+    ASSERT_OK(ReadFooterFromFile(opts, file, nullptr /* prefetch_buffer */,
+                                 file_size, &footer,
+                                 kBlockBasedTableMagicNumber));
+
+    auto BlockFetchHelper = [&](const BlockHandle& handle, BlockType block_type,
+                                BlockContents* contents) {
+      ReadOptions read_options;
+      read_options.verify_checksums = false;
+      PersistentCacheOptions cache_options;
+
+      BlockFetcher block_fetcher(
+          file, nullptr /* prefetch_buffer */, footer, read_options, handle,
+          contents, ioptions, false /* decompress */,
+          false /*maybe_compressed*/, block_type,
+          UncompressionDict::GetEmptyDict(), cache_options);
+
+      ASSERT_OK(block_fetcher.ReadBlockContents());
+    };
+
+    // -- Read metaindex block
+    auto metaindex_handle = footer.metaindex_handle();
+    BlockContents metaindex_contents;
+
+    BlockFetchHelper(metaindex_handle, BlockType::kMetaIndex,
+                     &metaindex_contents);
+    Block metaindex_block(std::move(metaindex_contents));
+
+    std::unique_ptr<InternalIterator> meta_iter(metaindex_block.NewDataIterator(
+        BytewiseComparator(), kDisableGlobalSequenceNumber));
+    bool found_properties_block = true;
+    ASSERT_OK(SeekToPropertiesBlock(meta_iter.get(), &found_properties_block));
+    ASSERT_TRUE(found_properties_block);
+
+    // -- Read properties block
+    Slice v = meta_iter->value();
+    BlockHandle properties_handle;
+    ASSERT_OK(properties_handle.DecodeFrom(&v));
+    BlockContents properties_contents;
+
+    BlockFetchHelper(properties_handle, BlockType::kProperties,
+                     &properties_contents);
+    Block properties_block(std::move(properties_contents));
+
+    ASSERT_EQ(properties_block.NumRestarts(), 1u);
+  }
+}
+
+TEST_P(BlockBasedTableTest, PropertiesMetaBlockLast) {
+  // The properties meta-block should come at the end since we always need to
+  // read it when opening a file, unlike index/filter/other meta-blocks, which
+  // are sometimes read depending on the user's configuration. This ordering
+  // allows us to do a small readahead on the end of the file to read properties
+  // and meta-index blocks with one I/O.
+  TableConstructor c(BytewiseComparator(), true /* convert_to_internal_key_ */);
+  c.Add("a1", "val1");
+  c.Add("b2", "val2");
+  c.Add("c3", "val3");
+  c.Add("d4", "val4");
+  c.Add("e5", "val5");
+  c.Add("f6", "val6");
+  c.Add("g7", "val7");
+  c.Add("h8", "val8");
+  c.Add("j9", "val9");
+
+  // write an SST file
+  Options options;
+  BlockBasedTableOptions table_options = GetBlockBasedTableOptions();
+  table_options.filter_policy.reset(NewBloomFilterPolicy(
+      8 /* bits_per_key */, false /* use_block_based_filter */));
+  options.table_factory.reset(NewBlockBasedTableFactory(table_options));
+  ImmutableCFOptions ioptions(options);
+  MutableCFOptions moptions(options);
+  std::vector<std::string> keys;
+  stl_wrappers::KVMap kvmap;
+  c.Finish(options, ioptions, moptions, table_options,
+           GetPlainInternalComparator(options.comparator), &keys, &kvmap);
+
+  // get file reader
+  test::StringSink* table_sink = c.TEST_GetSink();
+  std::unique_ptr<FSRandomAccessFile> source(new test::StringSource(
+      table_sink->contents(), 0 /* unique_id */, false /* allow_mmap_reads */));
+
+  std::unique_ptr<RandomAccessFileReader> table_reader(
+      new RandomAccessFileReader(std::move(source), "test"));
+  size_t table_size = table_sink->contents().size();
+
+  // read footer
+  Footer footer;
+  IOOptions opts;
+  ASSERT_OK(ReadFooterFromFile(opts, table_reader.get(),
+                               nullptr /* prefetch_buffer */, table_size,
+                               &footer, kBlockBasedTableMagicNumber));
+
+  // read metaindex
+  auto metaindex_handle = footer.metaindex_handle();
+  BlockContents metaindex_contents;
+  PersistentCacheOptions pcache_opts;
+  BlockFetcher block_fetcher(
+      table_reader.get(), nullptr /* prefetch_buffer */, footer, ReadOptions(),
+      metaindex_handle, &metaindex_contents, ioptions, false /* decompress */,
+      false /*maybe_compressed*/, BlockType::kMetaIndex,
+      UncompressionDict::GetEmptyDict(), pcache_opts,
+      nullptr /*memory_allocator*/);
+  ASSERT_OK(block_fetcher.ReadBlockContents());
+  Block metaindex_block(std::move(metaindex_contents));
+
+  // verify properties block comes last
+  std::unique_ptr<InternalIterator> metaindex_iter{
+      metaindex_block.NewDataIterator(options.comparator,
+                                      kDisableGlobalSequenceNumber)};
+  uint64_t max_offset = 0;
+  std::string key_at_max_offset;
+  for (metaindex_iter->SeekToFirst(); metaindex_iter->Valid();
+       metaindex_iter->Next()) {
+    BlockHandle handle;
+    Slice value = metaindex_iter->value();
+    ASSERT_OK(handle.DecodeFrom(&value));
+    if (handle.offset() > max_offset) {
+      max_offset = handle.offset();
+      key_at_max_offset = metaindex_iter->key().ToString();
+    }
+  }
+  ASSERT_EQ(kPropertiesBlock, key_at_max_offset);
+  // index handle is stored in footer rather than metaindex block, so need
+  // separate logic to verify it comes before properties block.
+  ASSERT_GT(max_offset, footer.index_handle().offset());
+  c.ResetTableReader();
+}
+
+TEST_P(BlockBasedTableTest, BadOptions) {
+  ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::Options options;
+  options.compression = kNoCompression;
+  BlockBasedTableOptions bbto = GetBlockBasedTableOptions();
+  bbto.block_size = 4000;
+  bbto.block_align = true;
+
+  const std::string kDBPath =
+      test::PerThreadDBPath("block_based_table_bad_options_test");
+  options.table_factory.reset(NewBlockBasedTableFactory(bbto));
+  ASSERT_OK(DestroyDB(kDBPath, options));
+  ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::DB* db;
+  ASSERT_NOK(ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::DB::Open(options, kDBPath, &db));
+
+  bbto.block_size = 4096;
+  options.compression = kSnappyCompression;
+  options.table_factory.reset(NewBlockBasedTableFactory(bbto));
+  ASSERT_NOK(ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::DB::Open(options, kDBPath, &db));
+}
+
+TEST_F(BBTTailPrefetchTest, TestTailPrefetchStats) {
+  TailPrefetchStats tpstats;
+  ASSERT_EQ(0, tpstats.GetSuggestedPrefetchSize());
+  tpstats.RecordEffectiveSize(size_t{1000});
+  tpstats.RecordEffectiveSize(size_t{1005});
+  tpstats.RecordEffectiveSize(size_t{1002});
+  ASSERT_EQ(1005, tpstats.GetSuggestedPrefetchSize());
+
+  // One single super large value shouldn't influence much
+  tpstats.RecordEffectiveSize(size_t{1002000});
+  tpstats.RecordEffectiveSize(size_t{999});
+  ASSERT_LE(1005, tpstats.GetSuggestedPrefetchSize());
+  ASSERT_GT(1200, tpstats.GetSuggestedPrefetchSize());
+
+  // Only history of 32 is kept
+  for (int i = 0; i < 32; i++) {
+    tpstats.RecordEffectiveSize(size_t{100});
+  }
+  ASSERT_EQ(100, tpstats.GetSuggestedPrefetchSize());
+
+  // 16 large values and 16 small values. The result should be closer
+  // to the small value as the algorithm.
+  for (int i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
+    tpstats.RecordEffectiveSize(size_t{1000});
+  }
+  tpstats.RecordEffectiveSize(size_t{10});
+  tpstats.RecordEffectiveSize(size_t{20});
+  for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++) {
+    tpstats.RecordEffectiveSize(size_t{100});
+  }
+  ASSERT_LE(80, tpstats.GetSuggestedPrefetchSize());
+  ASSERT_GT(200, tpstats.GetSuggestedPrefetchSize());
+}
+
+TEST_F(BBTTailPrefetchTest, FilePrefetchBufferMinOffset) {
+  TailPrefetchStats tpstats;
+  FilePrefetchBuffer buffer(nullptr, 0, 0, false, true);
+  IOOptions opts;
+  buffer.TryReadFromCache(opts, 500, 10, nullptr, nullptr);
+  buffer.TryReadFromCache(opts, 480, 10, nullptr, nullptr);
+  buffer.TryReadFromCache(opts, 490, 10, nullptr, nullptr);
+  ASSERT_EQ(480, buffer.min_offset_read());
+}
+
+TEST_P(BlockBasedTableTest, DataBlockHashIndex) {
+  const int kNumKeys = 500;
+  const int kKeySize = 8;
+  const int kValSize = 40;
+
+  BlockBasedTableOptions table_options = GetBlockBasedTableOptions();
+  table_options.data_block_index_type =
+      BlockBasedTableOptions::kDataBlockBinaryAndHash;
+
+  Options options;
+  options.comparator = BytewiseComparator();
+
+  options.table_factory.reset(new BlockBasedTableFactory(table_options));
+
+  TableConstructor c(options.comparator);
+
+  static Random rnd(1048);
+  for (int i = 0; i < kNumKeys; i++) {
+    // padding one "0" to mark existent keys.
+    std::string random_key(rnd.RandomString(kKeySize - 1) + "1");
+    InternalKey k(random_key, 0, kTypeValue);
+    c.Add(k.Encode().ToString(), rnd.RandomString(kValSize));
+  }
+
+  std::vector<std::string> keys;
+  stl_wrappers::KVMap kvmap;
+  const ImmutableCFOptions ioptions(options);
+  const MutableCFOptions moptions(options);
+  const InternalKeyComparator internal_comparator(options.comparator);
+  c.Finish(options, ioptions, moptions, table_options, internal_comparator,
+           &keys, &kvmap);
+
+  auto reader = c.GetTableReader();
+
+  std::unique_ptr<InternalIterator> seek_iter;
+  ReadOptions read_options;
+  seek_iter.reset(reader->NewIterator(
+      read_options, moptions.prefix_extractor.get(), /*arena=*/nullptr,
+      /*skip_filters=*/false, TableReaderCaller::kUncategorized));
+  for (int i = 0; i < 2; ++i) {
+    ReadOptions ro;
+    // for every kv, we seek using two method: Get() and Seek()
+    // Get() will use the SuffixIndexHash in Block. For non-existent key it
+    //      will invalidate the iterator
+    // Seek() will use the default BinarySeek() in Block. So for non-existent
+    //      key it will land at the closest key that is large than target.
+
+    // Search for existent keys
+    for (auto& kv : kvmap) {
+      if (i == 0) {
+        // Search using Seek()
+        seek_iter->Seek(kv.first);
+        ASSERT_OK(seek_iter->status());
+        ASSERT_TRUE(seek_iter->Valid());
+        ASSERT_EQ(seek_iter->key(), kv.first);
+        ASSERT_EQ(seek_iter->value(), kv.second);
+      } else {
+        // Search using Get()
+        PinnableSlice value;
+        std::string user_key = ExtractUserKey(kv.first).ToString();
+        GetContext get_context(options.comparator, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr,
+                               GetContext::kNotFound, user_key, &value, nullptr,
+                               nullptr, true, nullptr, nullptr);
+        ASSERT_OK(reader->Get(ro, kv.first, &get_context,
+                              moptions.prefix_extractor.get()));
+        ASSERT_EQ(get_context.State(), GetContext::kFound);
+        ASSERT_EQ(value, Slice(kv.second));
+        value.Reset();
+      }
+    }
+
+    // Search for non-existent keys
+    for (auto& kv : kvmap) {
+      std::string user_key = ExtractUserKey(kv.first).ToString();
+      user_key.back() = '0';  // make it non-existent key
+      InternalKey internal_key(user_key, 0, kTypeValue);
+      std::string encoded_key = internal_key.Encode().ToString();
+      if (i == 0) {  // Search using Seek()
+        seek_iter->Seek(encoded_key);
+        ASSERT_OK(seek_iter->status());
+        if (seek_iter->Valid()) {
+          ASSERT_TRUE(BytewiseComparator()->Compare(
+                          user_key, ExtractUserKey(seek_iter->key())) < 0);
+        }
+      } else {  // Search using Get()
+        PinnableSlice value;
+        GetContext get_context(options.comparator, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr,
+                               GetContext::kNotFound, user_key, &value, nullptr,
+                               nullptr, true, nullptr, nullptr);
+        ASSERT_OK(reader->Get(ro, encoded_key, &get_context,
+                              moptions.prefix_extractor.get()));
+        ASSERT_EQ(get_context.State(), GetContext::kNotFound);
+        value.Reset();
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+// BlockBasedTableIterator should invalidate itself and return
+// OutOfBound()=true immediately after Seek(), to allow LevelIterator
+// filter out corresponding level.
+TEST_P(BlockBasedTableTest, OutOfBoundOnSeek) {
+  TableConstructor c(BytewiseComparator(), true /*convert_to_internal_key*/);
+  c.Add("foo", "v1");
+  std::vector<std::string> keys;
+  stl_wrappers::KVMap kvmap;
+  Options options;
+  BlockBasedTableOptions table_opt(GetBlockBasedTableOptions());
+  options.table_factory.reset(NewBlockBasedTableFactory(table_opt));
+  const ImmutableCFOptions ioptions(options);
+  const MutableCFOptions moptions(options);
+  c.Finish(options, ioptions, moptions, table_opt,
+           GetPlainInternalComparator(BytewiseComparator()), &keys, &kvmap);
+  auto* reader = c.GetTableReader();
+  ReadOptions read_opt;
+  std::string upper_bound = "bar";
+  Slice upper_bound_slice(upper_bound);
+  read_opt.iterate_upper_bound = &upper_bound_slice;
+  std::unique_ptr<InternalIterator> iter;
+  iter.reset(new KeyConvertingIterator(reader->NewIterator(
+      read_opt, /*prefix_extractor=*/nullptr, /*arena=*/nullptr,
+      /*skip_filters=*/false, TableReaderCaller::kUncategorized)));
+  iter->SeekToFirst();
+  ASSERT_FALSE(iter->Valid());
+  ASSERT_OK(iter->status());
+  ASSERT_TRUE(iter->UpperBoundCheckResult() == IterBoundCheck::kOutOfBound);
+  iter.reset(new KeyConvertingIterator(reader->NewIterator(
+      read_opt, /*prefix_extractor=*/nullptr, /*arena=*/nullptr,
+      /*skip_filters=*/false, TableReaderCaller::kUncategorized)));
+  iter->Seek("foo");
+  ASSERT_FALSE(iter->Valid());
+  ASSERT_OK(iter->status());
+  ASSERT_TRUE(iter->UpperBoundCheckResult() == IterBoundCheck::kOutOfBound);
+}
+
+// BlockBasedTableIterator should invalidate itself and return
+// OutOfBound()=true after Next(), if it finds current index key is no smaller
+// than upper bound, unless it is pointing to the last data block.
+TEST_P(BlockBasedTableTest, OutOfBoundOnNext) {
+  TableConstructor c(BytewiseComparator(), true /*convert_to_internal_key*/);
+  c.Add("bar", "v");
+  c.Add("foo", "v");
+  std::vector<std::string> keys;
+  stl_wrappers::KVMap kvmap;
+  Options options;
+  BlockBasedTableOptions table_opt(GetBlockBasedTableOptions());
+  table_opt.flush_block_policy_factory =
+      std::make_shared<FlushBlockEveryKeyPolicyFactory>();
+  options.table_factory.reset(NewBlockBasedTableFactory(table_opt));
+  const ImmutableCFOptions ioptions(options);
+  const MutableCFOptions moptions(options);
+  c.Finish(options, ioptions, moptions, table_opt,
+           GetPlainInternalComparator(BytewiseComparator()), &keys, &kvmap);
+  auto* reader = c.GetTableReader();
+  ReadOptions read_opt;
+  std::string ub1 = "bar_after";
+  Slice ub_slice1(ub1);
+  read_opt.iterate_upper_bound = &ub_slice1;
+  std::unique_ptr<InternalIterator> iter;
+  iter.reset(new KeyConvertingIterator(reader->NewIterator(
+      read_opt, /*prefix_extractor=*/nullptr, /*arena=*/nullptr,
+      /*skip_filters=*/false, TableReaderCaller::kUncategorized)));
+  iter->Seek("bar");
+  ASSERT_TRUE(iter->Valid());
+  ASSERT_EQ("bar", iter->key());
+  iter->Next();
+  ASSERT_FALSE(iter->Valid());
+  ASSERT_TRUE(iter->UpperBoundCheckResult() == IterBoundCheck::kOutOfBound);
+  std::string ub2 = "foo_after";
+  Slice ub_slice2(ub2);
+  read_opt.iterate_upper_bound = &ub_slice2;
+  iter.reset(new KeyConvertingIterator(reader->NewIterator(
+      read_opt, /*prefix_extractor=*/nullptr, /*arena=*/nullptr,
+      /*skip_filters=*/false, TableReaderCaller::kUncategorized)));
+  iter->Seek("foo");
+  ASSERT_TRUE(iter->Valid());
+  ASSERT_EQ("foo", iter->key());
+  iter->Next();
+  ASSERT_FALSE(iter->Valid());
+  ASSERT_FALSE(iter->UpperBoundCheckResult() == IterBoundCheck::kOutOfBound);
+}
+
+}  // namespace ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE
+
+int main(int argc, char** argv) {
+  ::testing::InitGoogleTest(&argc, argv);
+  return RUN_ALL_TESTS();
+}