@ngxtm/devkit 3.15.0 → 3.17.0

package/skills/hig-foundations/references/immersive-experiences.md

@@ -0,0 +1,174 @@
+---
+title: "Immersive experiences | Apple Developer Documentation"
+source: https://developer.apple.com/design/human-interface-guidelines/immersive-experiences
+
+# Immersive experiences
+
+In visionOS, you can design apps and games that extend beyond windows and volumes, immersing people in your content.
+
+![A sketch that suggests Apple Vision Pro. The image is overlaid with rectangular and circular grid lines and is tinted yellow to subtly reflect the yellow in the original six-color Apple logo.](https://docs-assets.developer.apple.com/published/63fd96e56c2b19f4451f688728f0b013/foundations-immersive-experiences-intro%402x.png)
+
+You can choose whether your visionOS app or game launches in the Shared Space or in a Full Space. In the _Shared Space_ , your software runs alongside other experiences, and people can switch between them much as they do on a Mac; in a _Full Space_ , your app or game runs alone, hiding other experiences and helping people immerse themselves in your content. Apps and games can support different types of immersion, and can transition fluidly between the Shared Space and a Full Space at any time.
+
+## [Immersion and passthrough](https://developer.apple.com/design/human-interface-guidelines/immersive-experiences#Immersion-and-passthrough)
+
+In visionOS, people use passthrough to see their physical surroundings. _Passthrough_ provides real-time video from the device’s external cameras, helping people feel comfortable and connected to their physical context.
+
+People can also use the [Digital Crown](https://developer.apple.com/design/human-interface-guidelines/digital-crown) at any time to manage app or game content or adjust passthrough. For example, people can press and hold the Digital Crown to recenter content in their field of view or double-click it to briefly hide all content and show passthrough for a clear view of their surroundings.
+
+The system also helps people remain comfortable by automatically changing the opacity of content in certain situations. For example, if someone gets too close to a physical object in `mixed` immersion, the content in front of them dims briefly so they can see their immediate physical surroundings more clearly. In more immersive experiences — such as in the `progressive` and `full` styles described below — the system defines a boundary that extends about 1.5 meters from the initial position of the wearer’s head. As their head gets close to this boundary, the entire experience begins to fade and passthrough increases. When their head moves beyond this boundary, the immersive visuals are replaced in space by the app’s icon, and are restored when the wearer returns to their original location or recenters their view using the Digital Crown.
+
+### [Immersion styles](https://developer.apple.com/design/human-interface-guidelines/immersive-experiences#Immersion-styles)
+
+When your app or game transitions to a Full Space, the system hides other apps so people can focus on yours. In a Full Space, you can display 3D content that isn’t bound by a window, in addition to content in standard windows and volumes. For developer guidance, see [`automatic`](https://developer.apple.com/documentation/SwiftUI/ImmersionStyle/automatic).
+
+visionOS offers several ways to immerse people in your content in the Shared Space as well as when you transition to a Full Space. For example, you can:
+
+  * **Use dimmed passthrough to bring attention to your content.** You can subtly dim or tint passthrough and other visible content to bring attention to your app in the Shared Space without hiding other apps and games, or create a more focused experience in a Full Space. While passthrough is tinted black by default, you can apply a custom tint color to create a dynamic experience in your app. For developer guidance, see [`SurroundingsEffect`](https://developer.apple.com/documentation/SwiftUI/SurroundingsEffect).
+
+
+
+
+  * Without dimmed passthrough 
+  * With dimmed passthrough 
+
+
+
+![A screenshot of a window in the Shared Space.](https://docs-assets.developer.apple.com/published/3aa6d97e5947c39a73cfd8dd7e9c4dff/immersive-spaces-shared-space-regular-content%402x.png)
+
+![A screenshot of a highlighted window in the Shared Space with dimmed passthrough.](https://docs-assets.developer.apple.com/published/d6645a2853d8dc87e99062f5f575222b/immersive-spaces-shared-space-dimmed-content%402x.png)
+
+  * **Create unbounded 3D experiences.** Use the `mixed` immersion style in a Full Space to blend your content with passthrough. When your app or game runs in a Full Space, you can request access to information about nearby physical objects and room layout, helping you display virtual content in a person’s surroundings. The `mixed` immersion style doesn’t define a boundary. Instead, when a person gets too close to a physical object, the system automatically makes nearby content semi-opaque to help them remain aware of their surroundings. For developer guidance, see [`mixed`](https://developer.apple.com/documentation/SwiftUI/ImmersionStyle/mixed) and [ARKit](https://developer.apple.com/documentation/ARKit).
+
+  * **Use`progressive` immersion to blend your custom environment with a person’s surroundings.** You can use the `progressive` style in a Full Space to display a custom environment that partially replaces passthrough. You can also define a specific range of immersion that works best with your app or game, and display content in portrait or landscape orientation. While in your immersive experience, people can use the Digital Crown to adjust the amount of immersion within either the default range of 120- to 360-degrees or a custom range, if you specify one. The system automatically defines an approximately 1.5-meter boundary when an experience transitions to the `progressive` style. For developer guidance, see [`progressive`](https://developer.apple.com/documentation/SwiftUI/ImmersionStyle/progressive).
+
+
+
+
+Video with custom controls. 
+
+Content description: A recording of a fully immersive experience in which a video player window appears on top of an Environment. As the viewer adjusts the Digital Crown, passthrough increases to reveal more of the person's physical surroundings. 
+
+Play 
+
+  * **Use`full` immersion to create a fully immersive experience.** You can use the `full` style in a Full Space to display a 360-degree custom environment that completely replaces passthrough and transports people to a new place. As with the `progressive` style, the system defines an approximately 1.5-meter boundary when a fully immersive experience starts. For developer guidance, see [`full`](https://developer.apple.com/documentation/SwiftUI/ImmersionStyle/full).
+
+
+
+
+  * Full Space (Mixed) 
+  * Full Space (Progressive) 
+  * Full Space (Immersive) 
+
+
+
+![A screenshot of an app running in a Full Space using the mixed immersion style in visionOS.](https://docs-assets.developer.apple.com/published/bb7e4d2d5f14673af8223f16b8ef8367/immersive-spaces-full-space-mixed-style%402x.png)Mixed immersion style in a Full Space blending in-app objects with real-world surroundings
+
+![A screenshot of an app running in a Full Space using the progressive immersion style in visionOS.](https://docs-assets.developer.apple.com/published/7c6bd28f709239805551dfe4db2f4f0e/immersive-spaces-full-space-progressive-style%402x.png)Progressive immersion style in a Full Space blending the app’s custom environment with real-world surroundings
+
+![A screenshot of an app running in a Full Space using the full immersion style in visionOS.](https://docs-assets.developer.apple.com/published/3e8f31614811987239868bca745cd798/immersive-spaces-full-space-full-style%402x.png)Full immersion style in a Full Space showing a 360-degree custom environment
+
+## [Best practices](https://developer.apple.com/design/human-interface-guidelines/immersive-experiences#Best-practices)
+
+**Offer multiple ways to use your app or game.** In addition to giving people the freedom to choose their experiences, it’s essential to design your software to support the accessibility features people use to personalize the ways they interact with their devices. For guidance, see [Accessibility](https://developer.apple.com/design/human-interface-guidelines/accessibility).
+
+**Prefer launching your app or game in the Shared Space or using the`mixed` immersion style.** Launching in the Shared Space lets people reference your app or game while using other running software, and enables seamless switching between them. If your app or game provides a fully immersive or `progressive` style experience, launching in the `mixed` immersion style or with a window-based experience in the Shared Space gives people more control, letting them choose when to increase immersion.
+
+**Reserve immersion for meaningful moments and content.** Not every task benefits from immersion, and not every immersive task needs to be fully immersive. Although people sometimes want to enter a different world, they often want to stay grounded in their surroundings while they’re using your app or game, and they can appreciate being able to use other software and system features at the same time. Instead of assuming that your app or game needs to be fully immersive most of the time, design ways for people to immerse themselves in the individual tasks and content that make your experience unique. For example, people can browse their albums in Photos using a familiar app window in the Shared Space, but when they want to examine a single photo, they can temporarily transition to a more immersive experience in a Full Space where they can expand the photo and appreciate its details.
+
+**Help people engage with key moments in your app or game, regardless of the level of immersion.** Cues like dimming, tinting, [motion](https://developer.apple.com/design/human-interface-guidelines/motion), [scale](https://developer.apple.com/design/human-interface-guidelines/spatial-layout#Scale), and [Spatial Audio](https://developer.apple.com/design/human-interface-guidelines/playing-audio#visionOS) can help draw people’s attention to a specific area of content, whether it’s in a window in the Shared Space or in a completely immersive experience in a Full Space. Start with subtle cues that gently guide people’s attention, strengthening the cues only when there’s a good reason to do so.
+
+**Prefer subtle tint colors for passthrough.** In visionOS 2 and later, you can tint passthrough to help a person’s surroundings visually coordinate with your content, while also making their hands look like they belong in your experience. Avoid bright or dramatic tints that can distract people and diminish the sense of immersion. For developer guidance, see [`SurroundingsEffect`](https://developer.apple.com/documentation/SwiftUI/SurroundingsEffect).
+
+## [Promoting comfort](https://developer.apple.com/design/human-interface-guidelines/immersive-experiences#Promoting-comfort)
+
+**Be mindful of people’s visual comfort.** For example, although you can place 3D content anywhere while your app or game is running in a Full Space, prefer placing it within people’s [field of view](https://developer.apple.com/design/human-interface-guidelines/spatial-layout#Field-of-view). Also, make sure you display motion in comfortable ways while your software runs in a Full Space to avoid causing distraction, confusion, or discomfort. For guidance, see [Motion](https://developer.apple.com/design/human-interface-guidelines/motion).
+
+**Choose a style of immersion that supports the movements people might make while they’re in your app or game.** It’s essential to choose the right style for your immersive experience because it allows the system to respond appropriately when people move. Although people can make minor physical movements while in an immersive experience — such as shifting their weight, turning around, or switching between sitting and standing — making excessive movements can cause the system to interrupt some experiences. In particular, avoid using the `progressive` or `full` immersion styles or transition back to the `mixed` immersion style if you think people might need to move beyond the 1.5-meter boundary.
+
+**Avoid encouraging people to move while they’re in a progressive or fully immersive experience.** Some people may not want to move, or are unable to move because of a disability or their physical surroundings. Design ways for people to interact with content without moving. For example, let people bring a virtual object closer to them instead of expecting them to move closer to the object.
+
+**If you use the`mixed` immersion style, avoid obscuring passthrough too much.** People use passthrough to help them understand and navigate their physical surroundings, so it’s important to avoid displaying virtual objects that block too much of their view. If your app or game displays virtual objects that could substantially obscure passthrough, use the `full` or `progressive` immersion styles instead of `mixed`.
+
+**Adopt ARKit if you want to blend custom content with someone’s surroundings.** For example, you might want to integrate virtual content into someone’s surroundings or use the wearer’s hand positions to inform your experience. If you need access to these types of sensitive data, you must request people’s permission. For guidance, see [Privacy](https://developer.apple.com/design/human-interface-guidelines/privacy); for developer guidance, see [`SceneReconstructionProvider`](https://developer.apple.com/documentation/ARKit/SceneReconstructionProvider).
+
+## [Transitioning between immersive styles](https://developer.apple.com/design/human-interface-guidelines/immersive-experiences#Transitioning-between-immersive-styles)
+
+**Design smooth, predictable transitions when changing immersion.** Help people prepare for different experiences by providing gentle transitions that let people visually track changes. Avoid sudden, jarring transitions that might be disorienting or uncomfortable. For developer guidance, see [`CoordinateSpaceProtocol`](https://developer.apple.com/documentation/SwiftUI/CoordinateSpaceProtocol).
+
+**Let people choose when to enter or exit a more immersive experience.** It can be disorienting for someone to suddenly enter a more immersive experience when they’re not expecting it. Instead, provide a clear action to enter or exit immersion so people can decide when to be more immersed in your content, and when to leave. For example, Keynote provides a prominent Exit button in its fully immersive Rehearsal environment to help people return to the slide-viewing window. Avoid requiring people to use system controls to reduce immersion in your experience.
+
+**Indicate the purpose of an exit control.** Make sure your button clarifies whether it returns people to a previous, less immersive context or quits an experience altogether. If exiting your immersive experience also quits your app or game, consider providing controls that let people pause or return to a place where they can save their progress before quitting.
+
+## [Displaying virtual hands](https://developer.apple.com/design/human-interface-guidelines/immersive-experiences#Displaying-virtual-hands)
+
+When your immersive app or game transitions to a Full Space, it can ask permission to hide a person’s hands and instead show virtual hands that represent them.
+
+**Prefer virtual hands that match familiar characteristics.** For example, match the positions and gestures of the viewer’s hands so they can continue to interact with your app or game in ways that feel natural. Hands that work in familiar ways help people stay immersed in the experience when in fully virtual worlds.
+
+**Use caution if you create virtual hands that are larger than the viewer’s hands.** Virtual hands that are significantly bigger than human hands can prevent people from seeing the content they’re interested in and can make interactions feel clumsy. Also, large virtual hands can seem out of proportion with the space, appearing to be too close to the viewer’s face.
+
+**If there’s an interruption in hand-tracking data, fade out virtual hands and reveal the viewer’s own hands.** Don’t let the virtual hands become unresponsive and appear frozen. When hand-tracking data returns, fade the virtual hands back in.
+
+## [Creating an environment](https://developer.apple.com/design/human-interface-guidelines/immersive-experiences#Creating-an-environment)
+
+When your app or game transitions to a Full Space, you can replace passthrough with a custom environment that partially or completely surrounds a person, transporting them to a new place. The following guidelines can help you design a beautiful environment that people appreciate.
+
+**Minimize distracting content.** To help immerse people in a primary task like watching a video, avoid displaying a lot of movement or high-contrast details in your environment. Alternatively, when you want to draw people’s attention to certain areas of your environment, consider techniques like using the highest quality textures and shapes in the important area while using lower quality assets and dimming in less important areas.
+
+**Help people distinguish interactive objects in your environment.** People often use an object’s proximity to help them decide if they can interact with it. For example, when you place a 3D object far away from people, they often don’t try to touch or move toward it, but when you place a 3D object close to people, they’re more likely to try interacting with it.
+
+**Keep animation subtle.** Small, gentle movements, like clouds drifting or transforming, can enrich your custom environment without distracting people or making them uncomfortable. Always avoid displaying too much movement near the edges of a person’s field of view. For guidance, see [Motion](https://developer.apple.com/design/human-interface-guidelines/motion).
+
+**Create an expansive environment, regardless of the place it depicts.** A small, restrictive environment can make people feel uncomfortable and even claustrophobic.
+
+**Use Spatial Audio to create atmosphere.** In visionOS, you use Spatial Audio to play sound that people can perceive as coming from specific locations in space, not just from speakers (for guidance, see [Playing audio](https://developer.apple.com/design/human-interface-guidelines/playing-audio)). As you design a soundscape that enhances your custom environment, keep the experience fresh and captivating by avoiding too much repetition or looping. If people can play other audio while they’re in your environment — for example, while watching a movie — be sure to lower the volume of the soundscape or stop it completely.
+
+**In general, avoid using a flat 360-degree image to create your environment.** A 360-degree image doesn’t tend to give people a sense of scale when they view it in an environment, so it can reduce the immersiveness of the experience. Prefer creating object meshes that include lighting, and use shaders to implement subtle animations like the movements of clouds or leaves or the reflections of objects.
+
+**Help people feel grounded.** Always provide a ground plane mesh so people don’t feel like they’re floating. If you must use a flat 360-degree image in your environment, adding a ground plane mesh can help it feel more realistic.
+
+**Minimize asset redundancy.** Using the same assets or models too frequently tends to make an environment feel less realistic.
+
+## [Platform considerations](https://developer.apple.com/design/human-interface-guidelines/immersive-experiences#Platform-considerations)
+
+ _Not supported in iOS, iPadOS, macOS, tvOS, or watchOS._
+
+## [Resources](https://developer.apple.com/design/human-interface-guidelines/immersive-experiences#Resources)
+
+#### [Related](https://developer.apple.com/design/human-interface-guidelines/immersive-experiences#Related)
+
+[Spatial layout](https://developer.apple.com/design/human-interface-guidelines/spatial-layout)
+
+[Motion](https://developer.apple.com/design/human-interface-guidelines/motion)
+
+#### [Developer documentation](https://developer.apple.com/design/human-interface-guidelines/immersive-experiences#Developer-documentation)
+
+[Creating fully immersive experiences in your app](https://developer.apple.com/documentation/visionOS/creating-fully-immersive-experiences) — visionOS
+
+[Incorporating real-world surroundings in an immersive experience](https://developer.apple.com/documentation/visionOS/incorporating-real-world-surroundings-in-an-immersive-experience) — visionOS
+
+[`ImmersionStyle`](https://developer.apple.com/documentation/SwiftUI/ImmersionStyle) — visionOS
+
+[Immersive spaces](https://developer.apple.com/documentation/SwiftUI/Immersive-spaces) — SwiftUI
+
+#### [Videos](https://developer.apple.com/design/human-interface-guidelines/immersive-experiences#Videos)
+
+[![](https://devimages-cdn.apple.com/wwdc-services/images/D35E0E85-CCB6-41A1-B227-7995ECD83ED5/15489B11-8744-483D-AD38-EF78D8962FF4/8126_wide_250x141_1x.jpg) Principles of spatial design ](https://developer.apple.com/videos/play/wwdc2023/10072)
+
+[![](https://devimages-cdn.apple.com/wwdc-services/images/D35E0E85-CCB6-41A1-B227-7995ECD83ED5/942191E7-9B98-487D-AE81-400D58285B31/8129_wide_250x141_1x.jpg) Design spatial SharePlay experiences ](https://developer.apple.com/videos/play/wwdc2023/10075)
+
+[![](https://devimages-cdn.apple.com/wwdc-services/images/C03E6E6D-A32A-41D0-9E50-C3C6059820AA/BEBF6FDD-D987-4A45-AF6F-6D4C4575E69F/9198_wide_250x141_1x.jpg) Create custom environments for your immersive apps in visionOS ](https://developer.apple.com/videos/play/wwdc2024/10087)
+
+## [Change log](https://developer.apple.com/design/human-interface-guidelines/immersive-experiences#Change-log)
+
+Date| Changes  
+---|---  
+June 9, 2025| Clarified guidance and noted the availability of portrait-oriented progressive immersion.  
+November 19, 2024| Refined immersion style guidance and added artwork.  
+June 10, 2024| Added guidance for tinting passthrough and specifying initial, minimum, and maximum immersion levels.  
+May 7, 2024| Added guidance for creating an environment.  
+February 2, 2024| Clarified guidance for choosing an immersion style that matches the experience your app provides.  
+October 24, 2023| Updated artwork.  
+June 21, 2023| New page.  
+  

package/skills/hig-foundations/references/inclusion.md

@@ -0,0 +1,189 @@
+---
+title: "Inclusion | Apple Developer Documentation"
+source: https://developer.apple.com/design/human-interface-guidelines/inclusion
+
+# Inclusion
+
+Inclusive apps and games put people first by prioritizing respectful communication and presenting content and functionality in ways that everyone can access and understand.
+
+![A sketch of two people, suggesting inclusion. The image is overlaid with rectangular and circular grid lines and is tinted yellow to subtly reflect the yellow in the original six-color Apple logo.](https://docs-assets.developer.apple.com/published/498c87708887321ec79abcf0c45abc66/foundations-inclusion-intro%402x.png)
+
+To help you design an inclusive app or game, consider the following goals as you review the words and images you use and the experiences you offer.
+
+As with all design, designing an inclusive app is an iterative process that takes time to get right. Throughout the process, be prepared to examine your assumptions about how other people think and feel and be open to evolving knowledge and understanding.
+
+## [Inclusive by design](https://developer.apple.com/design/human-interface-guidelines/inclusion#Inclusive-by-design)
+
+Simple, intuitive experiences are at the core of well-designed apps and games. To design an intuitive experience, you start by investigating people’s goals and perspectives so you can present content that resonates with them.
+
+Empathy is an important tool in this investigation because it helps you understand how people with different perspectives might respond to the content and experiences you create. For example, you might discover that from some perspectives a word or image is incomprehensible or has a meaning you don’t intend.
+
+Although each person’s perspective comprises a unique intersection of human qualities that’s both distinct and dynamic, all perspectives arise from human characteristics and experiences that everyone shares, including:
+
+  * Age
+
+  * Gender and gender identity
+
+  * Race and ethnicity
+
+  * Sexuality
+
+  * Physical attributes
+
+  * Cognitive attributes
+
+  * Permanent, temporary, and situational disabilities
+
+  * Language and culture
+
+  * Religion
+
+  * Education
+
+  * Political or philosophical opinions
+
+  * Social and economic context
+
+
+
+
+As you examine your app or game through different perspectives, avoid framing the work as merely a search for content that might give offense. Although no design should contain offensive material or experiences, an inoffensive app or game isn’t necessarily an inclusive one. Focusing on inclusion can help you avoid potentially offensive content while also helping you create a welcoming experience that everyone can enjoy.
+
+## [Welcoming language](https://developer.apple.com/design/human-interface-guidelines/inclusion#Welcoming-language)
+
+Using plain, inclusive language welcomes everyone and helps them understand your app or game. Carefully review the writing in your experience to make sure that your tone and words don’t exclude people. Here are a few tips for writing text — also known as _copy_ — that’s direct, easy to understand, and inclusive.
+
+**Consider the tone of your copy from different perspectives.** The style of your writing communicates almost as much as the words you use. Although different apps use different communication styles, make sure the tone you use doesn’t send messages you don’t intend. For example, an academic tone can make an app or game seem like it welcomes only high levels of education. As you seek the style that’s right for your experience, be clear, direct, and respectful.
+
+**Pay attention to how you refer to people.** It typically works well to use _you_ and _your_ to address people directly. Referring to people indirectly as _the user_ or _the player_ can make your experience feel distant and unwelcoming. Also, consider reserving words like _we_ and _our_ to represent your software or company; otherwise, these terms can suggest a personal relationship with people that might be interpreted as insulting or condescending.
+
+**Avoid using specialized or technical terms without defining them.** Using specialized or technical terms can make your writing more succinct, but doing so excludes people who don’t know what the terms mean. If you must use such terms, be sure to define them first and make the definitions easy for people to look up. Even when people know the definition of a specialized or technical term in a sentence, the sentence is easier to read — and translate — when it uses plain language instead.
+
+**Replace colloquial expressions with plain language.** Colloquial expressions are often culture-specific and can be difficult to translate. Worse, some colloquial phrases have exclusionary meanings you might not know. For example, the phrases _peanut gallery_ and _grandfathered in_ both arose from oppressive contexts and continue to exclude people. Even when a colloquial phrase doesn’t have an exclusionary meaning, it can still exclude everyone who doesn’t understand it.
+
+**Consider carefully before including humor.** Humor is highly subjective and — similar to colloquial expressions — difficult to translate from one culture to another. Including humor in your experience risks confusing people who donʼt understand it, irritating people who tire of repeatedly encountering it, and insulting people who interpret it differently. For additional writing guidance, see [Writing inclusively](https://help.apple.com/applestyleguide/#/apdcb2a65d68).
+
+## [Being approachable](https://developer.apple.com/design/human-interface-guidelines/inclusion#Being-approachable)
+
+An approachable app or game doesn’t require people to have particular skills or knowledge before they can use it, and it gives people a clear path toward deepening their understanding over time. Here are two ways to help make an experience approachable.
+
+  * Present a clear, straightforward interface. To help you design a simple interface that fits in with other experiences on each platform, see [Designing for iOS](https://developer.apple.com/design/human-interface-guidelines/designing-for-ios), [Designing for iPadOS](https://developer.apple.com/design/human-interface-guidelines/designing-for-ipados), [Designing for macOS](https://developer.apple.com/design/human-interface-guidelines/designing-for-macos), [Designing for tvOS](https://developer.apple.com/design/human-interface-guidelines/designing-for-tvos), [Designing for visionOS](https://developer.apple.com/design/human-interface-guidelines/designing-for-visionos), [Designing for watchOS](https://developer.apple.com/design/human-interface-guidelines/designing-for-watchos), and [Designing for games](https://developer.apple.com/design/human-interface-guidelines/designing-for-games).
+
+  * Build in ways to learn how to use your app or game. Consider designing an onboarding flow that helps people who are new to your experience take a step-by-step approach while letting others skip straight to the content they want. For guidance, see [Onboarding](https://developer.apple.com/design/human-interface-guidelines/onboarding).
+
+
+
+
+## [Gender identity](https://developer.apple.com/design/human-interface-guidelines/inclusion#Gender-identity)
+
+Throughout history, cultures around the world have recognized a spectrum of self-identity and expression that expands beyond the binary variants of woman and man.
+
+You can help everyone feel welcome in your app or game by avoiding unnecessary references to specific genders. For example, a recipe-sharing app that uses copy like “You can let a subscriber post his or her recipes to your shared folder” could avoid unnecessary gender references by using an alternative like “Subscribers can post recipes to your shared folder.” In addition to using the gender-neutral noun “subscribers,” the revised copy avoids the unnecessary singular pronouns “his” and “her,” helping the sentence remain inclusive when it’s localized for languages that use gendered pronouns.
+
+In addition, you can often avoid referencing a specific gender in an avatar, emoji, glyph, or game character. To welcome everyone to your app or game, prefer giving people the tools they need to customize such items as they choose.
+
+If you need to depict a generic person or people, use a nongendered human image to reinforce the message that _generic person_ means _human_ , not _man_ or _woman_. SF Symbols provides many nongendered glyphs you can use, such as the figure and person symbols shown here:
+
+![A solid silhouette of a person from the shoulders up, within a circle.](https://docs-assets.developer.apple.com/published/22f3909c1b433ca2181d2fdcf193fff7/person-crop-circle%402x.png)person.crop.circle
+
+![Solid silhouettes of three people, with the left silhouette in the foreground and the other two in the background, all from the shoulders up.](https://docs-assets.developer.apple.com/published/5edbc84a409deb59e72f4d780b8e7b94/person-3-fill%402x.png)person.3.fill
+
+![A solid silhouette of a person standing with an arm raised high on the left side of the image.](https://docs-assets.developer.apple.com/published/ea7ebde0ec424a8dc74961a3670724b2/figure-wave%402x.png)figure.wave
+
+Most apps and games don’t need to know a person’s gender, but if you require this information — such as for health or legal reasons — consider providing inclusive options, such as _nonbinary_ , _self-identify_ , and _decline to state_. In this situation, you could also let people specify the pronouns they use so you can address them properly when necessary.
+
+## [People and settings](https://developer.apple.com/design/human-interface-guidelines/inclusion#People-and-settings)
+
+Portraying human diversity is one of the most noticeable ways your app or game can welcome everyone. When people recognize others like themselves within an experience and its related materials, they’re less likely to feel excluded and can be more likely to think they’ll benefit from it.
+
+As you create copy and images that represent people, portray a range of human characteristics and activities. For example, a fitness app could feature exercise moves demonstrated by people with different racial backgrounds, body types, ages, and physical capabilities. If you need to depict occupations or behaviors, avoid stereotypical representations, such as showing only male doctors, female nurses, or heroes and villains that may perpetuate real-world racial or gender stereotypes.
+
+Also review the settings and objects you show. For example, showing high levels of affluence might make sense in some scenarios, but in other cases it can be unwelcoming and make an experience seem out of touch. When it makes sense in your app or game, prefer showing places, homes, activities, and items that are familiar and relatable to most people.
+
+## [Avoiding stereotypes](https://developer.apple.com/design/human-interface-guidelines/inclusion#Avoiding-stereotypes)
+
+Everyone holds biases and stereotypes — often unconsciously — and it can be challenging to discover how they affect your thoughts. A goal of inclusive design is to become aware of your biases and generalizations so you can recognize where they might influence your design decisions.
+
+For example, consider an app that helps people manage account access for various family members. If this app uses a stereotypical definition of _family_ — such as a woman, a man, and their biological children — it’s likely to communicate this perspective in its copy and images. Because the app assumes that people’s families fit this narrow definition, it excludes everyone whose family is different.
+
+Although the assumption made in the account-access app might seem like an obvious mistake, it’s important to realize that not all assumptions are so easy to spot. For example, consider an app or game that requires people to choose security questions they can answer for future identity confirmation, such as:
+
+  * What was your favorite subject in college?
+
+  * What was the make of your first car?
+
+  * How did you feel when you first saw a rainbow?
+
+
+
+
+From some perspectives these questions refer to commonplace events, but all are based on experiences that not everyone has. Using a context-specific experience to communicate something is useless for everyone who doesn’t share that context and effectively excludes them. To create alternatives to the culture- and capability-specific questions above, you might reference more universal human experiences like:
+
+  * What’s your favorite activity?
+
+  * What was the name of your first friend?
+
+  * What quality describes you best?
+
+
+
+
+Basing design decisions on stereotypes or assumptions inevitably leads to exclusion because generalizations can’t reflect the diversity of human perspectives. Avoiding assumptions and instead concentrating on inclusion can help you craft experiences that benefit everyone.
+
+## [Accessibility](https://developer.apple.com/design/human-interface-guidelines/inclusion#Accessibility)
+
+An inclusive app or game is accessible to everyone. People rely on Apple’s accessibility features — such as VoiceOver, Display Accommodations, closed captioning, Switch Control, and Speak Screen — to customize their devices for their individual needs, so it’s essential to support these features.
+
+It’s also essential to avoid assuming that any disability might prevent someone from wanting to enjoy the experience your software provides. Making an assumption like this can result in designs that limit the potential audience for your app or game. In contrast, when you make each experience accessible, you give everyone the opportunity to benefit from your app or game in ways that work for them.
+
+To help you design an app or game that everyone can enjoy, remember that:
+
+  * Each disability is a spectrum. For example, visual disabilities range from low vision to complete blindness, and include things like color blindness, blurry vision, light sensitivity, and peripheral vision loss.
+
+  * Everyone can experience disabilities. In addition to disabilities that most people experience as they age, there are _temporary disabilities_ — like short-term hearing loss due to an infection — and _situational disabilities_ — like being unable to hear while on a noisy train — that can affect everyone at various times.
+
+
+
+
+As you design content that welcomes people of all abilities, consider the following tips.
+
+**Avoid images and language that exclude people with disabilities.** For example, include people with disabilities when you represent a variety of people, and avoid language that uses a disability to express a negative quality.
+
+**Take a people-first approach when writing about people with disabilities.** For example, you could describe an individual’s accomplishments and goals before mentioning a disability they may have. If you’re writing about a specific person or community, find out how they self-identify; for more guidance, see [Writing about disability](https://help.apple.com/applestyleguide/#/apd49cbb2b06).
+
+**Prioritize simplicity and perceivability.** Prefer familiar, consistent interactions that make tasks simple to perform, and ensure that everyone can perceive your content, whether they use sight, hearing, or touch.
+
+To learn more about making your app or game accessible, see [Accessibility](https://developer.apple.com/design/human-interface-guidelines/accessibility).
+
+## [Languages](https://developer.apple.com/design/human-interface-guidelines/inclusion#Languages)
+
+People expect to customize their device by choosing a language for text and a region for formatting values like date, time, and money. To welcome a global audience, first prepare your software to handle languages and regions other than your own — a process called _internationalization_ — and provide translated text and resources for specific locales. For an overview of internationalization, see [Expanding your app to new markets](https://developer.apple.com/localization/); for developer guidance on localization, see [Localization](https://developer.apple.com/documentation/Xcode/localization).
+
+Creating an inclusive experience can also help you prepare for localization. For example, using plain language, avoiding unnecessary gender references, representing a variety of people, and avoiding stereotypes and culture-specific content, can put you in a good position to create versions of your software localized into more languages. Using [SF Symbols](https://developer.apple.com/design/human-interface-guidelines/sf-symbols) for the glyphs in your app or game can also help streamline localization. In addition to providing many language-specific glyphs, SF Symbols includes glyphs you can use in both left-to-right and right-to-left contexts; for guidance, see [Right to left](https://developer.apple.com/design/human-interface-guidelines/right-to-left).
+
+As you localize your app or game and related content, also be aware of the ways you use color. Colors often have strong culture-specific meanings, so it’s essential to discover how people respond to specific colors in each locale you support. In some places, for example, white is associated with death or grief, whereas in other places, it’s associated with purity or peace. If you use color as a way to communicate, make sure your color choices communicate the same thing in each version of your software.
+
+## [Platform considerations](https://developer.apple.com/design/human-interface-guidelines/inclusion#Platform-considerations)
+
+ _No additional considerations for iOS, iPadOS, macOS, tvOS, visionOS, or watchOS._
+
+## [Resources](https://developer.apple.com/design/human-interface-guidelines/inclusion#Resources)
+
+#### [Related](https://developer.apple.com/design/human-interface-guidelines/inclusion#Related)
+
+[Writing inclusively](https://help.apple.com/applestyleguide/#/apdcb2a65d68)
+
+[Accessibility](https://developer.apple.com/design/human-interface-guidelines/accessibility)
+
+#### [Developer documentation](https://developer.apple.com/design/human-interface-guidelines/inclusion#Developer-documentation)
+
+[Localization](https://developer.apple.com/documentation/Xcode/localization) — Xcode
+
+#### [Videos](https://developer.apple.com/design/human-interface-guidelines/inclusion#Videos)
+
+[![](https://devimages-cdn.apple.com/wwdc-services/images/3055294D-836B-4513-B7B0-0BC5666246B0/F5AEB5B6-FF48-4201-B110-A0EDA465F3B4/9961_wide_250x141_1x.jpg) Principles of inclusive app design ](https://developer.apple.com/videos/play/wwdc2025/316)
+
+[![](https://devimages-cdn.apple.com/wwdc-services/images/119/90B67086-3A99-49A5-965A-D35DB6552AE0/5206_wide_250x141_1x.jpg) The practice of inclusive design ](https://developer.apple.com/videos/play/wwdc2021/10275)
+
+[![](https://devimages-cdn.apple.com/wwdc-services/images/119/30932E3E-C589-4804-B16E-D0003DEF0F02/5247_wide_250x141_1x.jpg) The process of inclusive design ](https://developer.apple.com/videos/play/wwdc2021/10304)
+