@nataliapc/mcp-openmsx 1.1.15 → 1.2.3

package/resources/programming/basic_wiki/ABS().md

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+# ABS()
+
+## Effect
+
+Returns the absolute value of a value.
+
+## Syntax
+
+`ABS (<Expression>)`
+
+# Parameter
+
+`<Expression>` can be a value, a numeric variable or an mathematical expression.
+
+## Example
+
+```basic
+10 PRINT "The absolute value of 5 is ";ABS(5)
+20 PRINT "The absolute value of -1.23 is ";ABS(-1.23)
+
+RUN
+The absolute value of 5 is 5
+The absolute value of -1.23 is 1.23
+```
+
+## Related to
+
+`INT()`, `FIX()`, `SGN()`
+
+## Compatibility
+
+MSX-BASIC 1.0 or higher
+
+## Source
+
+Retrieved from "https://www.msx.org/wiki/ABS()"

package/resources/programming/basic_wiki/AND.md

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+# AND
+
+## Effect
+
+Performs a bitwise AND-operation (logical conjunction) between two expressions.  
+The bit is set if both bits are set. For each bit, the results are:
+```
+0 AND 0  =  0 
+0 AND 1  =  0  
+1 AND 0  =  0  
+1 AND 1  =  1 
+```
+The AND-operation is often used to "mask" one or more bits.
+
+## Syntax
+`<Value> AND <Value>`
+
+## Parameter
+
+`<Value>` is a value between -32768 and 32767. It can also be a numeric variable, an mathematical expression or expression from a condition.
+
+Notes:
+- If you use binary expressions, it is best to put the first expression in parenthesis to avoid the bug in interpreter that causes a syntax error. This problem does not happen with decimal, hexadecimal or octal expressions.
+- When the expression is performed in a condition (`IF...THEN...ELSE` or `IF...GOTO...ELSE`), if the result of the whole expression is zero the value is taken as false, otherwise it's taken as true.
+
+## Examples
+
+```basic
+PRINT 15 AND 11
+11
+```
+Binary explanation:
+```
+1111 
+1011  AND
+----
+1011
+```
+
+```basic
+PRINT 6 AND 13
+4
+```
+Binary explanation:
+```
+0110
+1101 AND
+----
+0100
+```
+
+```basic
+PRINT &B00001111 AND &B11110001
+15
+Syntax error
+Ok
+PRINT (&B00001111) AND &B11110001
+1
+```
+
+## Related to
+
+`EQV`, `IMP`, `MOD`, `NOT`, `OR`, `XOR`
+
+## Compatibility
+
+MSX-BASIC 1.0 or higher
+
+## Source
+
+Retrieved from "https://www.msx.org/wiki/AND"

package/resources/programming/basic_wiki/ASC().md

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+# ASC()
+
+## Effect
+
+Returns the ASCII value of a character.
+
+_Remark: It will always return the value 1 for the characters 0 to 31 without giving the second value associated to these characters._
+
+## Syntax
+
+`ASC(<Character>)`
+
+# Parameter
+
+`<Character>` is a character between quotation mark. It can also be a string or an alphanumeric variable but only the 1st character will be taken into account.
+
+## Example
+
+```basic
+10 PRINT "The ASCII value of B is ";ASC("B")
+20 PRINT "The ASCII value of MSX is ";ASC("MSX")
+ 
+RUN
+The ASCII value of B is 66
+The ASCII value of MSX is 77
+```
+
+## Related to
+
+`CHR$()`, `STRING$()`
+
+## Compatibility
+
+MSX-BASIC 1.0 or higher
+
+## Source
+
+Retrieved from "https://www.msx.org/wiki/ASC()"

package/resources/programming/basic_wiki/ATN().md

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+# ATN()
+
+## Effect
+
+Returns the arctangent of a variable.
+
+## Syntax
+
+`ATN(<Number>)`
+
+## Parameter
+
+`<Number>` can be a value, a numeric variable or an expression.
+
+## Example
+
+```basic
+10 PRINT "The arctangent of 1 is ";ATN(1)
+20 PRINT "The arctangent of -1.23 is ";ATN(-1.23)
+ 
+RUN
+The arctangent of 1 is .78539816339745
+The arctangent of -1.23 is .88817377437769
+```
+
+## Related to
+
+`COS()`, `SIN()`, `TAN()`
+
+## Compatibility
+
+MSX-BASIC 1.0 or higher
+
+## Source
+
+Retrieved from "https://www.msx.org/wiki/ATN()"

package/resources/programming/basic_wiki/AUTO.md

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+# AUTO
+
+## Effect
+
+Starts automatic line numbering.
+
+This instruction is useful when you program a game or application in MSX-BASIC. A `*` (asterisk) character will indicate that a line number is already in use.
+
+You can stop this operation mode by pressing `CTRL`+`C`.
+
+## Syntax
+
+`AUTO <LineStart>,<Increment>`
+
+_Note: Each parameter is optional except the last specified. Do not put a comma after this parameter._
+
+## Parameters
+
+`<LineStart>` is a line number between 0 and 65529. (10 by default)
+
+`<Increment>` is a number between 0 and 65529. When it is not specified, the lines of your program will be incremented in steps of 10.
+
+## Example
+
+```basic
+AUTO 100,20
+```
+
+## Related to
+
+`DELETE`, `LIST`, `LLIST`, `RENUM`
+
+## Compatibility
+
+MSX-BASIC 1.0 or higher
+
+## Source
+
+Retrieved from "https://www.msx.org/wiki/AUTO"

package/resources/programming/basic_wiki/BASE().md

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+# BASE()
+
+## Effect
+
+This instruction can be used in:
+
+- reading mode for all supported screen modes : it returns then the first VRAM address for a specific purpose. In SCREEN 5 to 8 and 10 to 12, you'll get  the offset value from the starting address of the active page (see SET PAGE).
+- writing mode, which works only for table numbers from 0 to 19, corresponding to SCREEN 0 to 3 : it allows then to change the first VRAM address for a specific purpose. VDP registers will be updated automatically. The value should be possible for VDP to implement and must be less than `&H4000` otherwise Illegal function call-error will be generated.
+
+_Notes: A change in table numbers from 10 to 14 for `SCREEN 2` will also change the corresponding VRAM address for `SCREEN 4`._
+
+## Syntax
+
+`BASE(<TableNumber>)`
+
+## Parameter
+
+`<TableNumber>` that returns corresponding VRAM address can be calculated with formula 5 * SCREEN MODE + PURPOSE. All the practically usable values are listed in a table below (for most screens, the type column contains the names of these screens for the VDP).
+
+|MSX|SCREEN|Type|Name Table|Color Table|Pattern Table|Sprite Attribute Table|Sprite Pattern Table|
+|:--|:-:|:-:|:-:|:-:|:-:|:-:|:-:|
+|MSX|0|Text 1/2|0|-|2|-|-|
+|MSX|1|Text <sup>(*)</sup>Graphic 1|5|6|7|8|9|
+|MSX|2|Graphic 2|10|11|12|13|14|
+|MSX|3|Graphic<br>Multicolor|15|-|17|18|19|
+|MSX2|4|Graphic 3|20|21|22|23|24|
+|MSX2|5|Graphic 4|25|-|-|28|29|
+|MSX2|6|Graphic 5|30|-|-|33|34|
+|MSX2|7|Graphic 6|35|-|-|38|39|
+|MSX2|8|Graphic 7|40|-|-|43|44|
+|MSX2|9|Text <sup>(**)</sup>|-|-|-|-|-|
+|MSX2+|10|Graphic 7|50|-|-|53|54|
+|MSX2+|11|Graphic 7|55|-|-|58|59|
+|MSX2+|12|Graphic 7|60|-|-|63|64|
+
+
+_<sup>(*)</sup> SCREEN 1 is a text screen, but the charset can be filled with game graphics and sprites can also be used._  
+_<sup>(**)</sup> SCREEN 9 is a text screen, initially conceived for Korean characters, and using graphic mode SCREEN 5 or SCREEN 6._
+
+The Sprite Color Table, available only on MSX2 and higher and used for the sprites type 2 on screens 4 to 8 and 10 to 12 is located "strictly above" the sprite attribute table, having base address of sprite attribute table minus 512 (200 in hexadecimal).
+
+## Examples
+
+```basic
+PRINT BASE(2)
+2048
+```
+
+```basic
+10 SC=PEEK(&amp;HFCAF) ' Current screen mode (= 0/1 for text)
+11 A=ASC("!")*8+BASE(SC*5+2) ' VRAM address for "!"-font outlook
+12 FOR I=0 TO 7:READ D$:VPOKEA+I,VAL("&amp;B"+D$):NEXT I
+13 'New look (Note: Two last columns are not in use in screen 0)
+14 DATA 00110000
+15 DATA 01111000
+16 DATA 01111000
+17 DATA 00110000
+18 DATA 00000000
+19 DATA 00110000
+20 DATA 00110000
+21 DATA 00000000
+```
+
+```basic
+10 COLOR 15,4,7: KEYOFF
+20 BASE(5)=BASE(6)
+30 SCREEN 1
+40 FOR I = 0 TO 38
+50 PRINT"A TEST OF THE BASE COMMAND"
+60 FOR J = 0 TO 100
+70 NEXT J
+80 NEXT I
+90 LIST
+100 END
+```
+
+## Returned default values (after boot)
+
+### Name Table
+
+|SCREEN|Decimal|Hexadecimal|
+|:-:|--:|:-:|
+|0|0|0000|
+|1-2|6144|1800|
+|3|2048|0800|
+|4|6144|1800|
+|5-8|0|0000|
+|10-12|0|0000|
+
+### Color Table
+
+|SCREEN|Decimal|Hexadecimal|
+|:-:|--:|:-:|
+|1-2|8192|2000|
+|4|8192|2000|
+
+### Pattern Table
+
+|SCREEN|Decimal|Hexadecimal|
+|:-:|--:|:-:|
+|0|2048|0800|
+|1-4|0|0000|
+
+### Sprite Attribute Table
+
+|SCREEN|Decimal|Hexadecimal|
+|:-:|--:|:-:|
+|1-3|6912|1B00|
+|4|7680|1E00|
+|5-6|30208|7600|
+|7-8|64000|FA00|
+|10-12|64000|FA00|
+
+### Sprite Pattern Table
+
+|SCREEN|Decimal|Hexadecimal|
+|:-:|--:|:-:|
+|1-4|14336|3800|
+|5-6|30720|7800|
+|7-8|61440|F000|
+|10-12|61440|F000|
+
+### Sprite Color Table
+
+|SCREEN|Decimal|Hexadecimal|
+|:-:|--:|:-:|
+|4|7168|1C00|
+|5-6|29696|7400|
+|7-8|63488|F800|
+|10-12|63488|F800|
+
+## References
+
+- VDP Ports
+- VDP Registers
+
+## Related to
+
+`SCREEN`, `SET PAGE`, `VDP()`, `VPOKE`, `VPEEK`
+
+## Compatibility
+
+MSX-BASIC 1.0 or higher
+
+## Source
+
+Retrieved from "https://www.msx.org/wiki/BASE()"

package/resources/programming/basic_wiki/BEEP.md

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+# BEEP
+
+## Effect
+
+Lets the PSG produce a simple 'beep' sound:
+- On MSX1 this is plain note E on octave 6 (1316Hz) with volume 7. 
+- On MSX2 and higher, different volumes and more complex 'beep' sounds can be selected with `SET BEEP`.
+
+_Notes:_
+- `BEEP` can be replaced by `PRINT CHR$(7);`
+- If you're playing around with the `SOUND` instruction and have some very irritating sounds playing, the quickest and easiest way to silence all 3 PSG channels (without resetting your MSX) is to hit `CTRL`+`G` that produces the 'beep' sound.
+
+## Syntax
+
+`BEEP`
+
+## Related to
+
+`CHR$()`, `SET BEEP`, `SOUND`
+
+## Compatibility
+
+MSX-BASIC 1.0 or higher
+
+## Source
+
+Retrieved from "https://www.msx.org/wiki/BEEP"

package/resources/programming/basic_wiki/BIN$().md

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+# BIN$()
+
+## Effect
+
+Returns a string with the binary representation of a value.
+
+## Syntax
+
+`BIN$(<Value>)`
+
+## Parameter
+
+`<Value>` must be an expression, a numeric variable or a value between -32768 and 65535. A single or double precision value can be used but digits after the decimal point will be ignored.
+
+## Example
+
+```basic
+10 PRINT "The binary representation of 8 is ";BIN$(8)
+20 PRINT "The binary representation of 127 is ";BIN$(127)
+
+RUN
+The binary representation of 8 is 1000
+The binary representation of 127 is 11011
+```
+
+## Related to
+
+`HEX$`, `OCT$`
+
+## Compatibility
+
+MSX-BASIC 1.0 or higher
+
+## Source
+
+Retrieved from "https://www.msx.org/wiki/BIN$()"

package/resources/programming/basic_wiki/BLOAD.md

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+# BLOAD
+
+## Effect
+
+Loads binary code from the specified device and/or filename.
+
+## Syntaxes
+
+`BLOAD "<Device>:<Path>\<Filename>",R,<Offset>`
+
+`BLOAD "<Device>:<Path>\<Filename>",S,<Offset>`
+
+_Notes:_
+- Character backslash `\` serves as a separator between the folders and the file name. You don't have to put it after the colon of the device name.
+- Character backslash is replaced by the character yen `¥` on Japanese MSX or the character won `₩` on Korean MSX.
+- Parameters can not end with a comma alone.
+
+## Parameters
+
+`<Device>` is device name to indicate the device to use. Here are the useful devices for BLOAD:
+
+|Device type|Device name|Remark|
+|---|---|---|
+|Disk drive|A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H|A floppy disk interface can control up to 2 drives.|
+|Data recorder|CAS|Not available on MSX turbo R|
+
+By default, the loading will be made from tape on a system without any disk drive, from the current active drive (generally drive A) in the other cases.
+
+`<Path>` is used to specify the location in folders of file to be used in the copying operation. Each folder name in path are separate by a backslash `\`. This parameter is only available under MSX-DOS 2 / Nextor.
+
+`<Filename>` is the name of the binary file to load. It needs to be specified if the file is on disk or memory disk. If you use a tape and don't indicate the file name, BLOAD will load the first binary file found on tape.
+
+When the file is saved on tape the format of file name is case sensitive and limited to 6 characters without extension. If another device is used, then the format is 8 characters followed by a point and an extension with 3 characters. (Not case sensitive).
+
+`R` parameter is used to run automatically the binary code contained in the loaded file. 
+
+`S` parameter is used to load the contents to VRAM (only from disk) - This can be done in any screen mode but only the active pages are valid when the screen mode is higher than 4.
+
+`<Offset>` indicates the program will be loaded at &lt;StartAddress&gt; + &lt;Offset&gt;. This parameter also affects the execution address.
+
+## Examples
+
+```basic
+BLOAD "CAS:test",R,&H20
+```
+```basic
+BLOAD "A:TEST.BIN",R
+```
+```basic
+BLOAD "PICTURE.SC2",S
+```
+
+## Related to
+
+`BSAVE`
+
+## Compatibility
+
+MSX-BASIC 1.0 or higher
+
+## Source
+
+Retrieved from "https://www.msx.org/wiki/BLOAD"

package/resources/programming/basic_wiki/BSAVE.md

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+# BSAVE
+
+## Effect
+
+Saves a specified area of memory to the specified device and/or file name.
+
+## Syntaxes
+
+`BSAVE "<Device>:<Path>\<Filename>",<StartAddress>,<EndAddress>,<ExecutionAddress>`
+
+`BSAVE "<Device>:\<Path>\<Filename>",<StartAddress>,<EndAddress>,S`
+
+_Notes:_
+- Character backslash `\` serves as a separator between the folders and the file name in MSX-DOS2. You don't have to put it after the colon of the device name.
+- Character backslash is replaced by the character yen `¥` on Japanese MSX or the character won `₩` on Korean MSX.
+- Parameters can not end with a comma alone.
+
+## Parameters
+
+`<Device>` is device name to indicate the device to use. Here are the useful devices for BSAVE:
+
+|Device type|Device name|Remark|
+|---|---|---|
+|Disk drive|A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H|A floppy disk interface can control up to 2 drives.|
+|Data recorder|CAS|Not available on MSX turbo R|
+
+By default, the saving will be made to tape on a system without any disk drive, to the current active drive (generally drive A:) in the other cases.
+
+`<Path>` is used to specify the location in folders of file to be used in the copying operation. Each folder name in path are separate by a backslash `\`. This parameter is only available under MSX-DOS 2 / Nextor.
+
+`<Filename>` is the name of binary file to save. When the file is saved on tape the format of file name is case sensitive and limited to 6 characters without extension. If another device is used, then the format is 8 characters followed by a point and an extension with 3 characters. (Not case sensitive).
+
+`<StartAddress>` and `<EndAddress>` are used to specify the area of the computer RAM (or VRAM).
+
+`<ExecutionAddress>` is the address at which the saved code should start, when loaded with `BLOAD` `,R`. By default the start address is set.
+
+The parameter `S` is used to save the contents of VRAM (only to disk) - This can be done in any screen mode but only the active pages are valid when the screen mode is higher than 4.
+
+## Examples
+
+```basic
+BSAVE "CAS:test",&amp;HC000,&amp;HD0FF,&amp;HC020
+```
+```basic
+BSAVE "A:TEST.BIN",&amp;HC000,&amp;HD0FF,&amp;HC020
+```
+```basic
+BSAVE "PICTURE.SC2",&amp;H0,&amp;H3FFF,S
+```
+
+## Related to
+
+`BLOAD`
+
+## Compatibility
+
+MSX-BASIC 1.0 or higher
+
+## Source
+
+Retrieved from "https://www.msx.org/wiki/BSAVE"