@nataliapc/mcp-openmsx 1.1.15 → 1.2.2

package/resources/audio/msx-midi.md

@@ -0,0 +1,872 @@
+# MSX-MIDI
+
+From MSX Datapack Vol. 3  
+Translated by Laurens Holst
+
+## Chapter 1: About MSX-MIDI
+
+With MSX-MIDI, MIDI functionality and BASIC extensions were added to MSX-MUSIC to enable it to use MIDI. Unlike MSX-MUSIC, there is no BIOS. Non-BASIC MSX-MIDI programs directly access the hardware from the I/O ports.
+
+MSX-MIDI can be both built into the machine body, or an external cartridge. MSX MIDI is only available to MSX turbo R and later.
+
+It can not be used on MSX, MSX2 and MSX2+. It can also be used on FPGA OCM-PLD machines through the joystick port, or on any MSX machine with a MIDI interface cartridge.
+
+MSX-MIDI is organized as follows:
+
+#### MIDI interface
+
+|||
+|:--|:--|
+|8251|MIDI data communication IC|
+|8253 or 8254|Baud rate generator and timer IC|
+
+These ICs can be accessed through the I/O ports.
+
+#### MSX-MIDI ROM (16K bytes)
+
+In case it is built-in, it is placed in the same slot as the MSX-Music (slot 0-2, page 1).
+
+In case it is an external cartridge, it is included on the cartridge.
+
+When the BASIC extensions are used, it is initialized to use external cartridge's MSX-MIDI instead of the built-in MSX-MUSIC.
+
+## Chapter 2: Hardware
+
+Between internal or external MSX-MIDI, the hardware configuration and access methods and such is different.
+
+What follows is a description of the MSX MIDI hardware configuration.
+
+Additionally, regardless of whether timer IC 8253 or 8254 is used, it will henceforth be referred to as "8253".
+
+### 2.1 Block Diagram
+
+The MSX-MIDI hardware is organised as follows:
+
+```
+            8251
+MIDI IN  +--------+                           +-----+
+    ---->|     RTS|-------------------------->| AND |-----+
+         |   RXRDY|-------------------------->|     |     |
+MIDI OUT |     DSR|<----------------+         +-----+     |
+    <----|     DTR|-----------+     +------------------+  +-->+----+
+         +--------+<------+   |                        |      | OR |--> INT
+                          |   +-------+                |  +-->+----+
+               8253       |           |       +-----+  |  |
+            +--------+    |500KHz     +------>| AND |--+--+
+4 MHz --+-->| TIMER0 |----+              +--->|     |
+        |   +--------+          +-----+  |    +-----+
+        |   | TIMER1 |<---+---->|S  FF|--+
+        |   +--------+    |  +->|R    |
+        +-->| TIMER2 |----+  |  +-----+
+            +--------+       |
+                         0EAh Write
+```
+Figure 4.1 MSX-MIDI block diagram
+
+
+### 2.2 Internal MIDI interface
+
+The I/O ports of the built-in MSX-MIDI interface are assigned as follows:
+
+#### 8251 interface (address 0E8H, 0E9H)
+
+||b7|b6|b5|b4|b3|b2|b1|b0|
+|:--|:--|:--|:--|:--|:--|:--|:--|:--|
+|**0E8H** (Read)|RXD7|RXD6|RXD5|RXD4|RXD3|RXD2|RXD1|RXD0|
+|**0E8H** (Write)|TXD7|TXD6|TXD5|TXD4|TXD3|TXD2|TXD1|TXD0|
+
+|||
+|:--|:--|
+|RXD7-RXD0|8251 receive data|
+|TXD7-TXD0|8251 transmit data|
+
+||b7|b6|b5|b4|b3|b2|b1|b0|
+|:--|:--|:--|:--|:--|:--|:--|:--|:--|
+|**0E9H** (Read)|DSR|BRK|FE|OE|PE|EMPT|RRDY|TRDY|
+
+||||
+|:--|:--|:--|
+|DSR|8253 timer interrupt flag|(1=interrupt occurs)|
+|BRK|8251 break code detection|(1=detected)|
+|FE|8251 frame error flag|(1=error occurs)|
+|OE|8251 overrun error flag|(1=error occurs)|
+|PE|8251 parity error flag|(1=parity error occurs)|
+|EMPT|8251 transmit buffer status|(1=transmit buffer empty)|
+|RRDY|8251 receive buffer status|(1=data available)|
+|TRDY|8251 transmit status|(1=transmission possible)|
+
+|**0E9H** (Write)|b7|b6|b5|b4|b3|b2|b1|b0|
+|:--|:--|:--|:--|:--|:--|:--|:--|:--|
+|Mode|S2|S1|EP|PEN|L2|L1|B2|B1|
+|Command|EH|IR|RIE|ER|SBRK|RE|TIE|TEN|
+
+|||
+|:--|:--|
+|EH|Normally set to 0|
+|IR|Normally set to 0|
+|RIE|MIDI IN interrupt enable|(1=enable, 0=disable)
+|ER|Error reset|(1=reset error flag, 0=no operation)|
+|SBRK|Normally set to 0|
+|RE|MIDI IN receive enable|(1=enable, 0=disable)|
+|TIE|8253 timer (counter #2) interrupt enable|(1=enable, 0=disable)|
+|TEN|MIDI OUT transmit enable|(1=enable, 0=disable)|
+
+For 8251 command / mode register writes, a recovery time of at most 16 clock ticks (at 3.579545MHz) is necessary. When writing to the command / mode register continuously, please insert a wait to allow the 8251 to reinitialise.
+
+By writing 00H, 00H, 00H, 40H to I/O port 0E9H, the 8251 is reset. It will no longer function as MIDI if an incorrect mode value is configured, so after a reset always set it to a specific value.
+
+For more information, please see the [sample program](#42-sample-program).
+
+#### 8253 OUT2 latch pin signal (address 0EAH, 0EBH)
+
+||b7|b6|b5|b4|b3|b2|b1|b0|
+|:--|:-:|:-:|:-:|:-:|:-:|:-:|:-:|:-:|
+|**0EAH** (Write)|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|
+
+- Reading address 0EAH is invalid
+- Address 0EBH is an image of 0EAH
+
+The interrupt from counter #2 is released by writing any data to address 0EAH.
+
+#### 8253 Interface (address 0ECH-0EFH)
+
+||b7|b6|b5|b4|b3|b2|b1|b0|
+|:--|:-:|:-:|:-:|:-:|:-:|:-:|:-:|:-:|
+|**0ECH** (R/W)|CT07|CT06|CT05|CT04|CT03|CT02|CT01|CT00|
+|**0EDH** (R/W)|CT17|CT16|CT15|CT14|CT13|CT12|CT11|CT10|
+|**0EEH** (R/W)|CT27|CT26|CT25|CT24|CT23|CT22|CT21|CT20|
+|**0EFH** (Read)|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|
+|**0EFH** (Write)|SC1|SC0|RW1|RW0|M2|M1|M0|BCD|
+
+|||
+|:--|:--|
+|CT07-CT00|Counter #0|
+|CT17-CT10|Counter #1|
+|CT27-CT20|Counter #2|
+|SC1, SC0|Counter select, command select|
+|RW1, RW0|Counter read-write mode|
+|M2, M1, M0|Counter mode|
+|BCD|Binary / BCD count select|
+
+The function of each counter is as follows:
+- **Counter #0:** Is used as the 8251's baud rate generator. A 4 MHz clock signal is input to the CLK pin. For the 8251, it must be configured to transmit a baud rate clock of 500 KHz (divided by 8). Use mode 3 (square wave divide-by-N mode).
+- **Counter #1:** Can be used as general-purpose counter. The output of counter #2 is input to the CLK pin.
+- **Counter #2:** Used as a periodic interrupt to the CPU (used by BASIC for 5 ms interval interrupts). Normally, mode 2 (divide-by-N mode) is used. OUT2 pin goes low, and through the latch circuit a CPU interrupt is generated. A 4 MHz clock is input to the CLK pin.
+
+### 2.3 External MIDI Interface
+
+The external MSX-MIDI interface's I/O port address can be changed by setting a value to I/O port 0E2H.
+
+#### MIDI interface configuration (address 0E2H, 0EAH)
+
+||b7|b6|b5|b4|b3|b2|b1|b0|
+|:--|:-:|:-:|:-:|:-:|:-:|:-:|:-:|:-:|
+|**0E2H** (Write)|EN|-|-|-|-|-|-|E8|
+
+|||
+|:--|:--|
+|EN|MIDI interface usage allow / denyInitial value is 1 (0=allow, 1=deny)|
+|E8|8251 address configurationInitial value is 1 (1=address 0E0H,0E1H 0=address 0E8H,0E9H)
+
+Set bit E8 to 0, and the external cartridge MIDI interface's I/O ports change from 0E2H to 0EAH, becoming compatible with the internal MIDI interface. Also, the 8251's I/O address becomes 0E8H and 0E9H.
+
+Set bit E8 to 1 and the 8251 interface addresses will be 0E0H and 0E1H, and access to the cartridge's I/O ports 0ECH-0EFH will be prohibited. Additionally, the 8253's timer interrupt is also inhibited.
+
+#### 8251 interface (address 0E0H, 0E1H)
+
+(in case E8 bit is 1)
+
+||b7|b6|b5|b4|b3|b2|b1|b0|
+|:--|:-:|:-:|:-:|:-:|:-:|:-:|:-:|:-:|
+|**0E0H** (Read)|RXD7|RXD6|RXD5|RXD4|RXD3|RXD2|RXD1|RXD0|
+|**0E0H** (Write)|TXD7|TXD6|TXD5|TXD4|TXD3|TXD2|TXD1|TXD0|
+
+|||
+|:--|:--|
+|RXD7-RXD0|8251 receive data|
+|TXD7-TXD0|8251 transmit data|
+
+||b7|b6|b5|b4|b3|b2|b1|b0|
+|:--|:-:|:-:|:-:|:-:|:-:|:-:|:-:|:-:|
+|**0E1H** (Read)|DSR|BRK|FE|OE|PE|EMPT|RRDY|TRDY|
+
+||||
+|:--|:--|:--|
+|DSR|8253 timer interrupt flag|(1=interrupt occurs)|
+|BRK|8251 break code detection|(1=detected)|
+|FE|8251 frame error flag|(1=error occurs)|
+|OE|8251 overrun error flag|(1=error occurs)|
+|PE|8251 parity error flag|(1=parity error occurs)|
+|EMPT|8251 transmit buffer status|(1=transmit buffer empty)|
+|RRDY|8251 receive buffer status|(1=data available)|
+|TRDY|8251 transmit status|(1=transmission possible)|
+
+|**0E1H** (Write)|b7|b6|b5|b4|b3|b2|b1|b0|
+|:--|:-:|:-:|:-:|:-:|:-:|:-:|:-:|:-:|
+|Mode|S2|S1|EP|PEN|L2|L1|B2|B1|
+|Command|EH|IR|RIE|ER|SBRK|RE|TIE|TEN|
+
+||||
+|:--|:--|:--|
+|EH|Normally set to 0||
+|IR|Normally set to 0||
+|RIE|MIDI IN interrupt enable|(1=enable, 0=disable)|
+|ER|Error reset|(1=reset error flag, 0=no operation)|
+|SBRK|Normally set to 0||
+|RE|MIDI IN receive enable|(1=enable, 0=disable)|
+|TIE|8253 timer (counter #2) interrupt enable|(1=enable, 0=disable)|
+|TEN|MIDI OUT transmit enable|(1=enable, 0=disable)|
+
+### 2.4 Method to distinguish internal from external type
+
+In case bit 0 of MAIN ROM address 002EH is 1, the MSX-MIDI is internal.
+
+In models whose MAIN ROM version number (002DH) is 03H or more, the features of the MSX-MIDI can be used with an external cartridge.
+
+In the internal type and the external type, the hook is different.
+
+This distinction is important in order to create an application. For hooks, please see 3.2 "Hooks" and chapter 4 "Application development".
+
+To make the distinction between internal type and external type, examine the string starting at MSX MIDI ROM address 4018H.
+
+Table 4.1 String to distinguish MSX-MIDI
+
+|Address|Internal|External|
+|:--|:-:|:-:|
+|4018H|41H (A)|??H (?)|
+|4019H|50H (P)|??H (?)|
+|401AH|52H (R)|??H (?)|
+|401BH|4CH (L)|??H (?)|
+|401CH|4FH (O)|4DH (M)|
+|401DH|50H (P)|49H (I)|
+|401EH|4CH (L)|44H (D)|
+|401FH|4CH (L)|49H (I)|
+
+In external cartridges, the 4 unspecified bytes at 4018H are different for each manufacturer. The data at 401CH consists of "MIDI".
+
+### 2.5 Method to detect presence of MIDI interface
+
+The presence or absence of the MIDI interface can be determined in the following manner:
+
+1. In case MAIN ROM address 002EH bit 0 is 1, the MIDI interface is internal.
+2. In case the MAIN ROM version number (002DH) is 03H or more, look for a slot which contains the following in 401CH-401FH: `DB "MIDI"`. If it exists, the external cartridge is inserted.
+3. When the above cases do not apply, since there is no MIDI interface, the MIDI function can not be used.
+4. In case the ROM version number is 02H or less, the MIDI interface can not be used.
+
+## Chapter 3: Interrupts
+
+### 3.1 Interrupts in BASIC
+
+1/60 sec (NTSC) or 1/50 sec (PAL) interrupts have been used for the MSX-MUSIC, but in the MSX-MIDI BASIC extensions 5 ms interrupts from the 8253 are used.
+
+### 3.2 Hooks
+
+The MSX turbo R built-in MSX-MIDI's hooks are as follows:
+
+Table 4.2 Internal MSX-MIDI hooks
+
+|Address|Name|Former name|Content|
+|:-:|:--|:--|:--|
+|0FF75H|H.MDIN|H.OKNORM|MIDI IN interrupt|
+|0FF93H|H.MDTM|H.FRQINT|8253 timer interrupt|
+
+In case of external cartridge, because these hooks can not be used, please use H.KEYI. Usage details are described in chapter 4 "Application Development".
+
+Table 4.3 External MSX-MIDI hooks
+
+|Address|Name|
+|0FD9AH|H.KEYI|
+
+## Chapter 4: Application Development
+
+### 4.1 Notes regarding application development
+
+When creating an application program that supports MSX-MIDI, please note the following points:
+
+1. The hooks are different depending on whether MIDI is built-in or external. When setting up a hook, please check if the type is internal or external.
+2. When enabling interrupts, such as after MIDI interface initialization, because there is a possibility that the interrupt flag has already been set, the interrupt flag must be reset. Interrupt flags are as follows:
+
+    - Table 4.4 MIDI interface interrupt flags
+
+|Interrupt type|Interrupt distinction|Interrupt clear method|
+|:--|:--|:--|
+|Timer|Bit 7 (DSR) of 0E9H or 0E1H|Write any value to 0EAH|
+|MIDI IN|Bit 0 (RRDY) of 0E9H or 0E1H|Read 0E8H with IN instruction|
+
+3. With the external cartridge, other interrupts besides MIDI IN and 8253 timer also come from H.KEYI. Therefore, the interrupt handling routine must detect what kind of interrupt the current interrupt is.
+    - Whether or not it is a MIDI IN interrupt can be checked in bit 1 of I/O port address 0E9H.
+    - Whether or not it is an interrupt from the 8253 timer can be checked in bit 7 of I/O port address 0E9H.
+4. At the shortest, the MIDI IN receive interrupt occurs at 320 µs intervals. When calling an interrupt handling routine from the hook with the RST 30H instruction, the inter-slot call takes time to process and will not complete in time for 320 µs interval reception. For that reason, set up interrupts as follows:
+    - Place the interrupt handling routine in page 3
+    - Jump from the hook to the interrupt handling routine with the JP instruction
+
+### 4.2 Sample program
+
+For MIDI interface and hook set up / tear down, please refer to the next sample program (THRU.MAC):
+
+```
+;
+;	thru.mac
+;
+;
+;	thru.com gets data from MIDI IN port
+;	and send them out to MIDI OUT port.
+;
+	.z80
+	cseg
+;
+;	BIOS entry
+;
+rdslt		equ	000ch		;read slot
+calslt		equ	001ch		;call slot
+doscal		equ	0005h		;dos call
+;
+;	character code
+;
+lf		equ	0ah		;line feed
+cr		equ	0dh		;carrige return
+esc		equ	1bh		;escape sequence
+;
+;	MIDI interface I/O
+;
+setcart		equ	0e2h	;MIDI cartridge setting
+UARTsend	equ	0e8h	;8251 data transmit
+UARTrecv	equ	0e8h	;8251 data receive
+UARTcmd		equ	0e9h	;8251 command/mode register
+UARTstat	equ	0e9h	;8251 status
+tm_int		equ	0eah	;timer interrupt flag off
+timer0		equ	0ech	;8253 counter #0
+timer2		equ	0eeh	;8253 counter #2
+tm_cmd		equ	0efh	;8253 command
+;
+;	hooks
+;
+h.oknorm	equ	0ff75h
+h.mdin		equ	h.oknorm	;Hook for MIDI IN
+h.frqint	equ	0ff93h
+h.mdtm		equ	h.frqint	;Hook for 8253 timer
+h.keyi		equ	0fd9ah		;Hook for 8253 timer
+
+;
+;	Set hooks
+;
+setmidi:
+	call	chkmidi		;Have I MIDI interface ?
+	jp	c,nomidi	; No
+	di
+	jr	z,setho2	;MIDI interface is not built in
+;
+;	Setting for built-in MIDI interface
+;
+	ld	hl,h.mdtm	;save hook (8253 timer)
+	ld	de,hoksvt	;set address to save area
+	push	hl		;save hook address
+	call	copy5		;copy old hook
+	ld	hl,hokmdt	;set address to new hook data
+	pop	de		;get hook address
+	call	copy5		;set new hook
+;
+	ld	hl,h.mdin       ;save hook (MIDI IN)
+	ld	de,hoksvt+5	;set address to save area
+	push	hl		;save hook address
+	call	copy5		;copy old hook
+	ld	hl,hokmdi	;set address to new hook data
+	pop	de		;get hook address
+	call	copy5		;set new hook
+	jr	inimdp
+;
+;	Setting for MIDI cartridge
+;
+setho2:
+	xor	a
+	out	(setcart),a	;set cartridge as same as built-in I/F
+	ld	hl,h.keyi	;save hook
+	ld	de,hoksvt	;set address to save area
+	push	hl		;save hook address
+	call	copy5		;copy old hook
+	ld	hl,hokmdc	;set address to new hook data
+	pop	de		;get hook address
+	call	copy5		;set new hook
+	xor	a
+	out	(setcart),a	;set MIDI cartridge I/O
+	jr	inimdp
+;
+;	Here when no MIDI interface.
+;	Print message and return to DOS.
+;
+nomidi:
+	ld	de,msg0
+	ld	c,9
+	call	doscal
+	ret
+msg0:	db	cr,lf,'MIDI interface is not found.$'
+
+copy5:
+	ld	bc,5
+	ldir
+	ret
+;
+;	Hook Definition
+;
+hokmdi:				;hook for MIDI IN
+	jp	midiin
+	ret
+	ret
+hokmdt:				;hook for 8253timer
+	jp	mdtmin
+	ret
+	ret
+hokmdc:				;hook for MIDI cartridge
+	jp	mdintr
+	ret
+	ret
+
+;
+;	Initialize MIDI Interface
+;
+inimdp:
+;
+;	MIDI baud rate generater
+;
+	ld	a,00010110b	;8253 Control Word
+;		  |||||||+-----   Binary Count
+;		  ||||+++------   Mode 3 :Rate Generater (Square Wave)
+;		  ||++---------   LSB Read/Load
+;		  ++-----------   Counter #0 for Baud Rate Generater of 8251
+;
+	out	(tm_cmd),a
+	ld	a,8		; Set Counter.   4MHz / 8 = 500KHz
+	out	(timer0),a	; Set 8253 Counter (LSB)
+;
+;	5msec timer
+;
+	ld	a,10110100b	;8253 Control Word
+;		  |||||||+-----   Binary Count
+;		  ||||+++------   Mode 2 :Rate Generater
+;		  ||++---------   2bytes Read/Load
+;		  ++-----------   Counter #2 for 5msec timer
+;	
+	out	(tm_cmd),a
+	ld	hl,20000
+	ld	a,l		;
+	out	(timer2),a	; Set 8253 Counter (LSB)
+	ld	a,h
+	out	(timer2),a	; Set 8253 Counter (MSB)
+;
+;	Initialize 8251
+;
+	xor	a		; Reset 8251
+	out	(UARTcmd),a	; Set 0
+	call	waits
+	out	(UARTcmd),a	; Set 0
+	call	waits
+	out	(UARTcmd),a	; Set 0
+	call	waits
+	ld	a,40h
+	out	(UARTcmd),a	; Set 40h
+	call	waits
+;
+;	Set 8251
+;
+	ld	a,01001110b	;8251 MODE Instruction
+;		  ||||||++-----   Baud Rate :*16  ( 500KHz/16 = 31.25KHz )
+;		  ||||++-------   Character Length : 8bits
+;		  ||++---------   Parity Disable
+;		  ++-----------   Stop Bit : 1bit
+;
+	out	(UARTcmd),a
+	call	waits
+	ld	a,00100111b	;8251 COMMAND Instruction
+;		  |||||||+-----   Transmit : Enable
+;		  ||||||+------   ~DTR = LOW : 8253timer enable
+;		  |||||+-------   Receive  : Enable
+;		  ||||+--------   Send Break Character : Normal
+;		  |||+---------   Error Reset : No Operation
+;		  ||+----------   ~RTS = LOW : MIDI IN enable
+;		  |+-----------   No Operation
+;		  +------------   No Operation
+;
+	ld	(cmdsv),a	;save command
+	out	(UARTcmd),a
+	in	a,(UARTrecv)	;interrupt flag reset
+	xor	a
+	out	(tm_int),a
+	ld	de,msg1		;print message
+	ld	c,9
+	call	doscal
+	ei
+	jp	main
+
+msg1:	db	cr,lf,'MIDI interface and hooks are set',cr,lf,'$'
+
+;
+;	main routine
+;
+;	Get data from buffer and print it.
+;	If overrun error, then print '*'.
+;
+main:
+	ld	hl,mdbuf	;set pointer
+	ld	(putp),hl
+	ld	(getp),hl
+main1:
+	call	getdat		;get MIDI IN data
+	in	a,(UARTstat)
+	and	00010000b	;overrun error ?
+	jr	z,main2		;no
+	ld	de,msg2
+	ld	c,9
+	call	doscal		;print '*'
+	ld	a,(cmdsv)	;8251 command
+	or	00010000b	;reset 8251
+	out	(UARTcmd),a	;reset 8251 error flag
+main2:
+	ld	c,0bh		;console check
+	call	doscal
+	or	0		;is there any input ?
+	jr	z,main1		;no , loop again
+	jp	rstmidi
+
+msg2:	db	cr,lf,'*',cr,lf,'$'
+;
+;	Get data from buffer
+;
+getdat:
+	ld	hl,(getp)
+	ld	de,(putp)
+	scf
+	ccf
+	sbc	hl,de		;no data in buffer ?
+	ret	z		;no data , then ret
+	ld	hl,(getp)
+	ld	a,(hl)		;get data from buffer
+	ld	c,a
+getda0:
+	in	a,(UARTstat)	;get 8251 status
+	and	1		;can I transmit ?
+	jr	z,getda0	;no , check again
+	ld	a,c
+	out	(UARTsend),a	;MIDI OUT
+	cp	0f8h		;if it is 'f8'(MIDI sync timing clock)
+	jr	z,getda2	; then not print it
+	cp	0feh		;if it is 'fe'(active sensing)
+	jr	z,getda2	; then not print it
+	cp	80h		;is it data-byte ?
+	jr	c,getda1	;yes , skip
+	push	af		;if it is status-byte ,...
+	ld	de,msg3
+	ld	c,9
+	call	doscal		; then delete a line
+	pop	af
+getda1:
+	call	prnbyt		;print it
+getda2:
+	ld	hl,(getp)
+	inc	hl		;increment 'getp' pointer
+	ld	de,bufend
+	push	hl
+	scf
+	ccf
+	sbc	hl,de		;end of buffer ?
+	pop	hl
+	jr	nz,getda3	;no 
+	ld	hl,mdbuf
+getda3:
+	ld	(getp),hl	;save pointer
+	ret
+msg3:	db	esc,'M$'
+
+;
+;	Print 1byte data (hex)
+;
+prnbyt:
+	push	af
+	srl	a
+	srl	a
+	srl	a
+	srl	a		;shift 4 bits
+	call	prnby2		;print HIGH
+	pop	af
+	and	0fh
+	call	prnby2		;print LOW
+	ld	e,' '		;print out space
+	ld	c,2
+	call	doscal		;dos call 02h = console print out
+	ret
+prnby2:
+	cp	10		; [a] < 10 ?
+	jr	c,prnby3	; yes , jump
+	add	a,'A'-10-'0'	; adjust data ('A'~'F')
+prnby3:
+	add	a,'0'
+	ld	e,a		;[e] = character code
+	ld	c,2
+	call	doscal		;dos call 02h = console print out
+	ret
+
+;
+;	Reset MIDI interface and reset hooks
+;
+rstmidi:
+	di
+;		Reset 8251
+;				 RTS = HIGH : MIDI IN disable
+;				 DTR = HIGH : 8253timer disable
+	ld	a,00000001b	;8251 COMMAND Instruction
+;		  |||||||+-----   Transmit : Enable
+;		  ||||||+------   ~DTR = High
+;		  |||||+-------   Receive  : Disable
+;		  ||||+--------   Send Break Character : Normal
+;		  |||+---------   Error Reset : No Operation
+;		  ||+----------   ~RTS = High
+;		  |+-----------   No Operation
+;		  +------------   No Operation
+;
+	out	(UARTcmd),a
+
+	call	chkmd2
+	jr	z,rstmd1	;if not built-in , then jump
+;
+;	Reset built-in MIDI interface
+;
+	ld	de,h.mdtm	;restore hook
+	ld	hl,hoksvt	;save area
+	call	copy5
+	ld	de,h.mdin
+	ld	hl,hoksvt+5	;save area
+	call	copy5
+	jr	rstmd2
+;
+;	Reset MIDI cartridge
+;
+rstmd1:
+	ld	de,h.keyi	;restore hook
+	ld	hl,hoksvt	;save area
+	call	copy5
+rstmd2:
+	ei
+	ld	de,msg4		;print message
+	ld	c,9
+	call	doscal
+	ret
+
+msg4:	db	cr,lf,'MIDI interface and hooks are reset$'
+
+;
+;	Interrupt routin
+;
+
+;
+;	For MIDI cartridge
+;
+mdintr:
+	in	a,(UARTstat)	;MIDI IN ?
+	and	00000010B
+	jr	z,mdint1	;no
+	call	intr_in		;yes
+	jr	mdintr		;MIDI IN check again
+mdint1:
+	in	a,(UARTstat)	;8253 timer ?
+	and	10000000B
+	call	nz,intr_time	;yes
+	jp	hoksvt
+
+;
+;	For built-in MIDI interface
+;
+;	MIDI IN
+midiin:
+	in	a,(UARTstat)	;MIDI IN ?
+	and	00000010B
+	jr	z,midin1	;no
+	call	intr_in		;yes
+	jr	midiin		;MIDI IN check again
+midin1:
+	ei
+	jp	hoksvt+5
+
+;	5msec timer
+mdtmin:
+	in	a,(UARTstat)	;8253 timer ?
+	and	10000000B
+	call	nz,intr_time	;yes
+	jp	hoksvt
+
+;
+;	MIDI IN interrupt
+;
+intr_in:
+	in	a,(UARTrecv)	;read MIDI IN data and reset interrupt flag
+	ld	hl,(putp)
+	ld	(hl),a		;save to buffer
+	inc	hl		;increment 'putp'
+	ld	de,bufend	;
+	push	hl
+	sbc	hl,de		;buffer end ?
+	pop	hl
+	jr	nz,mdin2	;no, jump
+	ld	hl,mdbuf
+mdin2:
+	ld	(putp),hl	;set 'putp'
+	ret
+;
+;	timer interrupt
+;
+intr_time:
+	ld	a,(cmdsv)	;check timer interrupt enable or not.
+	and	00000010b	;enable ?
+	ret	z		;no
+	xor	a
+	out	(tm_int),a	;reset interrupt flag
+	ret
+
+;
+;	Check MIDI interface
+;	Return : [CF]=1			no MIDI interface
+;	       : [CF]=0 , [ZF]=1        found MIDI cartridge
+;	       : [CF]=0 , [ZF]=0        MIDI interface is built in
+;
+ver_id1		equ	002dh		;MAIN ROM Version ID
+ver_id2		equ	002eh		;MIDI interface ID
+exptbl		equ	0fcc1h		;slot expanded table
+chkmidi:
+	ld	a,(exptbl)
+	ld	hl,ver_id1
+	call	rdslt		;read Main ROM version ID
+	cp	3
+	ret	c		;MSX1,MSX2,MSX2+	return
+	call	chkmd2		;read MIDI interface ID
+	ret	nz		;MIDI interface is built in
+	ld	b,4
+chkro1:
+	push	bc		;save counter
+	ld	a,4
+	sub	b		;primary slot number
+	ld	c,a		;save
+	ld	hl,exptbl
+	ld	a,c
+	add	a,l		;set exptbl
+	ld	l,a
+	ld	a,(hl)
+	and	10000000B	;expanded ?
+	jr	z,chkro3	;no
+	ld	b,4		;number of expanded slots
+chkro2:				;search expanded slot
+	push	bc
+	ld	a,00100100B
+	sub	b		;001000nnB
+	rlc	a
+	rlc	a		;1000nn00B
+	or	c		;1000nnmmB = slot address
+	call	chkid		;check MIDI ID
+	pop	bc
+	jr	z,chkroy	;found MIDI ID
+	djnz	chkro2		;next expanded slot
+	pop	bc
+	jr	chkro4		;next slot
+chkro3:				;search primary slot
+	ld	a,c		;set slot address
+	call	chkid		;check MIDI ID
+	pop	bc
+	jr	z,chkroz	;found MIDI ID
+chkro4:
+	djnz	chkro1		;search next slot
+	scf			;no MIDI ID
+	ret
+chkroy:
+	pop	bc
+chkroz:
+	xor	a		;set Z flag, reset Cy flag
+	ret
+
+;
+;	Is MIDI interface built in ?
+;	Return : [ZF]=1		built in
+;	       : [ZF]=0		not built in
+;
+chkmd2:
+	ld	a,(exptbl)
+	ld	hl,ver_id2
+	call	rdslt		;read MIDI interface ID
+	and	1		;set Zflag
+	ret
+
+;
+;	Check MIDI ID
+;
+;	Entry :[A]=slot address
+;	Return:Z flag is set if MIDI ID is found
+;
+id_string:	db	'MIDI'
+id_address	equ	401ch	;MIDI ID address
+chkid:
+	push	bc
+	ld	de,id_string
+	ld	hl,id_address
+	ld	b,4		;length of id_string
+chkid1:
+	push	af
+	push	bc
+	push	de
+	call	rdslt		;read data
+	pop	de
+	pop	bc
+	ld	c,a		;save data
+	ld	a,(de)		;get char
+	cp	c		;same ?
+	jr	nz,chkid2	;no
+	pop	af		;restore slot address
+	inc	de		;next char
+	inc	hl
+	djnz	chkid1		;check next char
+	pop	bc		;restore environment
+	xor	a		;I found ID
+	ret
+chkid2:
+	pop	af		;restore slot address
+	pop	bc		;restore environment
+	xor	a
+	inc	a		;worng ID
+	ret
+
+;
+;	Wait routine
+;
+stimec	equ	0e6h		;system timer clear
+stimeh	equ	0e7h		;system timer High
+waits:
+	push	af
+	push	bc
+	ld	c,1
+	out	(stimec),a	;clear timer
+waitlp:
+	in	a,(stimeh)	; get counter
+	cp	c
+	jr	c,waitlp	; loop
+	pop	bc
+	pop	af
+	ret
+
+;
+;	Workarea definition
+;
+hoksvt:	ds	10		;hook save area
+cmdsv:	ds	1		;8251 command save area
+getp:	ds	2		;pointer for getting MIDI data
+putp:	ds	2		;pointer for putting MIDI data
+mdbuf:	ds	128		;buffer for MIDI IN
+bufend	equ	$		;end of buffer
+
+;	end
+```
+
+## Chapter 5: BASIC Extensions
+
+_[TODO]_
+
+
+~Grauw
+© 2025 MSX Assembly Page. MSX is a trademark of MSX Licensing Corporation.
+
+
+