@nataliapc/mcp-openmsx 1.1.14 → 1.2.2

package/resources/programming/basic_wiki/DEFDBL.md

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+# DEFDBL
+
+## Effect
+
+Defines a variable or a range of variables as double precision.  
+
+As an alternative, a single variable can be declared as double precision by appending the `#` sign to its name.
+
+## Syntax
+
+`DEFDBL <StartVariable>-<EndVariable>,<StartVariable>-<EndVariable>...`
+
+_Note: Parameters can not end with a comma or hyphen alone._
+
+## Parameters
+
+`<StartVariable>` and `<EndVariable>` are letters put in alphabetic order. If `<EndVariable>` is not specified, all the variables beginning with the specified letter will be defined as double precision.
+
+## Example
+
+```basic
+10 DEFDBL A-Z
+20 A=7/6
+30 PRINT "7 divided by 6 (in double precision) is ";A
+ 
+RUN
+7 divided by 6 (in double precision) is 1.1666666666667
+```
+
+## Related to
+
+`DEFINT`, `DEFSNG`, `DEFSTR`
+
+## Compatibility
+
+MSX-BASIC 1.0 or higher
+
+## Source
+
+Retrieved from "https://www.msx.org/wiki/DEFDBL"

package/resources/programming/basic_wiki/DEFINT.md

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+# DEFINT
+
+## Effect
+
+Defines a variable or a range of variables as integer.
+
+As an alternative, a single variable can be declared as integer by appending the `%` sign to its name.
+
+## Syntax
+
+`DEFINT <StartVariable>-<EndVariable>,<StartVariable>-<EndVariable>...`
+
+_Note: Parameters can not end with a comma or hyphen alone._
+
+## Parameters
+
+`<StartVariable>` and `<EndVariable>` are letters put in alphabetic order. If `<EndVariable>` is not specified, all the variables beginning with the specified letter will be defined as integer.
+
+## Example
+
+```basic
+10 DEFINT A-Z
+20 A=7/6
+30 PRINT "7 divided by 6 (in integer) is ";A
+ 
+RUN
+7 divided by 6 (in integer) is 1
+```
+
+## Related to
+
+`DEFDBL`, `DEFSNG`, `DEFSTR`
+
+## Compatibility
+
+MSX-BASIC 1.0 or higher
+
+## Source
+
+Retrieved from "https://www.msx.org/wiki/DEFINT"

package/resources/programming/basic_wiki/DEFSNG.md

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+# DEFSNG
+
+## Effect
+
+Defines a variable or a range of variables as single precision.
+
+As an alternative, a single variable can be declared as single precision by appending the `!` sign to its name.
+
+## Syntax
+
+`DEFSNG <StartVariable>-<EndVariable>,<StartVariable>-<EndVariable>...`
+
+_Note: Parameters can not end with a comma or hyphen alone._
+
+## Parameters
+
+`<StartVariable>` and `<EndVariable>` are letters put in alphabetic order. If `<EndVariable>` is not specified, all the variables beginning with the specified letter will be defined as single precision.
+
+## Example
+
+```basic
+10 DEFSNG A-Z
+20 A=7/6
+30 PRINT "7 divided by 6 (in single precision) is ";A
+ 
+RUN
+7 divided by 6 (in single precision) is 1.16667
+```
+
+## Related to
+
+`DEFDBL`, `DEFINT`, `DEFSTR`
+
+## Compatibility
+
+MSX-BASIC 1.0 or higher
+
+## Source
+
+Retrieved from "https://www.msx.org/wiki/DEFSNG"

package/resources/programming/basic_wiki/DEFSTR.md

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+# DEFSTR
+
+## Effect
+
+Defines a variable or a range of variables as string.
+
+As an alternative, a single variable can be declared as a string by appending the `$` sign to its name.
+
+## Syntax
+
+`DEFSTR <StartVariable>-<EndVariable>,<StartVariable>-<EndVariable>...`
+
+_Note: Parameters can not end with a comma or hyphen alone._
+
+## Parameters
+
+`<StartVariable>` and `<EndVariable>` are letters put in alphabetic order. If `<EndVariable>` is not specified, all the variables beginning with the specified letter will be defined as string.
+
+## Example
+
+```basic
+10 DEFSTR A-Z
+20 A="Yay!"
+30 PRINT "Variable A contains the text ";A
+ 
+RUN
+Variable A contains the text Yay!
+```
+
+## Related to
+
+`DEFDBL`, `DEFINT`, `DEFSNG`
+
+## Compatibility
+
+MSX-BASIC 1.0 or higher
+
+## Source
+
+Retrieved from "https://www.msx.org/wiki/DEFSTR"

package/resources/programming/basic_wiki/DEF_FN.md

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+# DEF FN
+
+## Effect
+
+Defines a function which returns user-specified output based on optional variables.
+
+## Syntax
+
+`DEF FN <FunctionName> (<Variable>,<Variable>...)=<Expression>`
+
+## Parameters
+
+`<FunctionName>` is the function name,  the length of the function name can be as long as you want, only the first two characters of the function name will actually be used. 
+Furthermore, if a function is to return a string, the name of the function has to be suffixed by a `$`.
+
+`<Variable>` is optional , it is a variable that will be used in the `<Expression>`. Several variables can be specified, they must be separated by a comma. It's only useful to define the function. The variables don't have any influence on the variables with the same name in the main program.
+
+`<Expression>` is the function itself. It can use variables that are not specified in the `<Variable>` part, but have already a value in the main program.
+
+## Examples
+
+```basic
+10 DEF FN SQUARE (X)=X^2
+20 PRINT "The square of 2 is ";FN SQUARE(2)
+30 PRINT "The square of 4 is ";FN SQUARE(4)
+ 
+RUN
+The square of 2 is  4
+The square of 4 is  16
+```
+```basic
+10 DEF FN F$(A$)=CHR$(ASC(A$) OR 32)
+20 PRINT FN F$("A")
+ 
+RUN
+a
+```
+
+## Related to
+
+`CLEAR`, `FN`
+
+## Compatibility
+
+MSX-BASIC 1.0 or higher
+
+## Source
+
+Retrieved from "https://www.msx.org/wiki/DEF_FN"

package/resources/programming/basic_wiki/DEF_USR.md

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+# DEF USR
+
+## Effect
+
+Defines the start address of a machine language routine for later use in MSX-BASIC. Up to 10 different routines can be used.
+
+## Syntax
+
+`DEF USR <Number>=<Address>`
+
+## Parameters
+
+`<Number>` can range from 0 to 9. When omitted, 0 is assumed.
+
+`<Address>` is the start address of the machine language routine.
+
+## Example
+
+```basic
+10 DEF USR1=&H156:A=USR1(0) ' To clear keyboard buffer
+```
+
+## Related to
+
+`USR()`
+
+## Compatibility
+
+MSX-BASIC 1.0 or higher
+
+## Source
+
+Retrieved from "https://www.msx.org/wiki/DEF_USR"

package/resources/programming/basic_wiki/DELETE.md

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+# DELETE
+
+## Effect
+
+Erases part of an MSX-BASIC program from memory.
+
+## Syntaxes
+
+`DELETE <LineNumber>`
+
+`DELETE <StartLineNumber>-<EndLineNumber>`
+
+## Parameters
+
+`<LineNumber>` specifies the number of the line that you want to delete.
+
+`<StartLineNumber>` specifies the number of the first line that you want to delete in your program.
+
+`<EndLineNumber>` is optional and specifies the number of the last line to be deleted.
+A period `.` as a parameter specifies the last line `LIST`ed or `RUN`ed.
+
+If you specify a line number that does not exist, an _"Illegal function call"_ error message will be displayed.
+
+_Notes:_
+- To delete only one line of your program, you can also enter the number of this line without any instruction. If you do that with a line number that does not exist, an _"Undefined line number"_ error message will be displayed.
+- To delete all the lines of your program, it's easier and better to use `NEW` as it will simultaneously clear all variables and close all open files.
+
+## Example
+
+```basic
+10 PRINT "Haha! I am here to stay!"
+20 PRINT "Oh no! I will be sent to oblivion!"
+ 
+DELETE 20
+RUN
+Haha! I am here to stay!
+```
+
+## Related to
+
+`AUTO`, `LIST`, `LLIST`, `NEW`, `RENUM`
+
+## Compatibility
+
+MSX-BASIC 1.0 or higher
+
+## Source
+
+Retrieved from "https://www.msx.org/wiki/DELETE"

package/resources/programming/basic_wiki/DIM.md

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+# DIM
+
+## Effect
+
+Reserves memory for the specified variables and initializes the array(s).
+
+_Note: If if an array is referred to when not first created with a `DIM` instruction, a maximum index of 10 is assumed._
+
+## Syntax
+
+`DIM <ArrayName>(<Size1>,<Size2>),<ArrayName>(<Size1>,<Size2>),...`
+
+## Parameters
+
+`<ArrayName>` is an alphanumeric variable or a string. Several array names can be specified in the `DIM` instruction, they need to be separated by a comma.
+
+`<Size1>` is a number that specifies the maximum index of the array. The first index is always 0.
+
+`<Size2>` is optional, it is required only for two-dimensional arrays and specifies the maximum index for the second dimension of the array.
+
+## Examples
+
+```basic
+10 DIM M(25)
+20 FOR A=0 TO 25:M(A)=3*A:NEXT
+30 FOR A=0 TO 25
+40 PRINT "3 times ";A;" is ";M(A)
+50 NEXT A
+```
+```basic
+10 DIM A$(26)
+20 FOR I=0 TO 26
+30 A$(I)=CHR$(64+I)
+40 NEXT I
+50 PRINT A$(22)
+ 
+RUN
+V
+```
+```basic
+10 DIM A(20,5)
+20 A(20,5)=2
+30 PRINT "In row 20, column 5 of array A I stored the value ";A(20,5)
+ 
+RUN
+In row 20, column 5 of array A I stored the value 2
+```
+
+## Related to
+
+`CLEAR`, `COPY`, `ERASE`
+
+## Compatibility
+
+MSX-BASIC 1.0 or higher
+
+## Source
+
+Retrieved from "https://www.msx.org/wiki/DIM"

package/resources/programming/basic_wiki/DRAW.md

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+# DRAW
+
+## Effect
+
+Executes the instructions of a Graphics Macro Language (GML) allowing to draw complex figures to screen (graphic modes only).
+
+## Syntaxes
+
+`DRAW "<GMLstring>"`
+
+  Parameters 
+`"<GMLstring>"` is a string or an alphanumeric variable that contains macro language instructions to describe the figures to draw. Maximum length is 255 characters per string.
+
+## GML instructions
+
+GML has the following instructions:
+
+|Tracing Instruction|Meaning|Effect|Values / Remarks|
+|:--|:--|:--|:--|
+|`D<length>`|Down|Moves the cursor of `<length>` pixels to the downward direction tracing a line.|`<length>` = 0~255 (The cursor stays in the same place if 0)|
+|`E<length>`|Up-Right|Moves the cursor diagonally of `<length>` pixels to the up-right direction tracing a line.|`<length>` = 0~255 (The cursor stays in the same place if 0)|
+|`F<length>`|Down-Right|Moves the cursor diagonally of `<length>` pixels to the down-right direction tracing a line.|`<length>` = 0~255 (The cursor stays in the same place if 0)|
+|`G<length>`|Down-Left|Moves the cursor diagonally of `<length>` pixels to the down-left direction tracing a line.|`<length>` = 0~255 (The cursor stays in the same place if 0)|
+|`H<length>`|Up-Left|Moves the cursor diagonally of `<length>` pixels to the up-left direction tracing a line.|`<length>` = 0~255 (The cursor stays in the same place if 0)|
+|`L<length>`|Left|Moves the cursor of `<length>` pixels to the left direction tracing a line.|`<length>` = 0~255 (The cursor stays in the same place if 0)|
+|`M<x>,<y>`|Move|Moves the cursor from the current position to specified coordinates `x`,`y` tracing a line.|`<x>` and `<y> `can be positive or negative values|
+|`R<length>`|Right|Moves the cursor of `<length>` pixels to the right direction tracing a line.|`<length>` = 0~255 (The cursor stays in the same place if 0)|
+|`U<length>`|Up|Moves the cursor of `<length>` pixels to the upward direction tracing a line.|`<length>` = 0~255 (The cursor stays in the same place if 0)|
+
+|Other instructions|Meaning|Effect|Values / Remarks|
+|:--|:--|:--|:--|
+|`A<orientation>`|Rotation Axe|Changes the orientation of the following tracing instructions.|`<orientation>` = `0` (normal), `1` (90 degrees clockwise), `2` (180 degrees clockwise) or `3` (270 degrees clockwise)|
+|`B<tracing instruction>`|Blank Move|Place `B` before a tracing command to move the cursor without drawing.||
+|`C<color>`|Color|Changes the foreground (drawing) color to the specified color| `<color>` = 0 to 15 (screens 2 to 5, 7 and 10), 0 to 3 (screen 6), 0 to 255 (screens 8, 11 and 12)|
+|`N<tracing instruction>`|New Line|Place N before a tracing command to trace without moving the cursor (cursor stays at the previous position)||
+|`S<scale>`|Scale|Scales every length specified after this command by `<scale>`/4 pixels.|if `S`=0, it is the same as `S`=4 (default) and it means each step = 1 pixel.|
+|`X<alphanumeric variable>;`|Execute sub-instruction|Executes a sub-string of GML placed in a alphanumeric variable.|- String-variables can be used within DRAW GML instructions.<br>- A `X` needs to be prefixed and all variables must be closed by a `;`.<br>- Adding other GML instructions after the last `;` will result in error.|
+|`=<variable>;`|Equal|Puts a parameter in a integer-variable after one of several sub-strings of GML (see `X` instruction)|- The value range is determined by the preceding GML but it cannot exceed the value 32767.<br>- To start cursor on positon given by `X` and `Y` variables, you can use: `DRAW "BM=X;,=Y;"`|
+
+_Please note: Things like orientation, color, scale or current graphics coordinates do not reset to default values when program is `RUN` again or other program is loaded._
+
+## Examples
+
+```basic
+10 REM This program draws a little heart
+20 SCREEN 2
+30 PRESET(124,91): A$="A0S4C6 R1BR2R1 F1L6 D1R6 D1L6 D1R6 G1L4 F1R2G1"
+40 DRAW A$
+50 A$=INPUT$(1)
+```
+```basic
+10 SCREEN 5
+20 A$="A0S4C15BM50,50"
+30 S=50
+40 DRAW "XA$;D=S;R=S;U=S;L=S;"
+50 A$=INPUT$(1)
+```
+
+_Note: Line 40 is same as `DRAW A$+"D=S;R=S;U=S;L=S;"`_
+
+```basic
+10 ' One line drawing program done using DRAW-command (by NYYRIKKI)
+20 ' Cursors = Move, Space = Draw, ESC = Exit
+30 COLOR15,0,0:SCREEN2,0,0:SPRITE$(0)=" P ":DRAW "A0S4BM128,96":FOR I=0 TO 0:PUTSPRITE 0,STEP(-2,-2),8:S$=MID$("B",1-STRIG(0))+MID$(" UERFDGLH",1+STICK(0),1):I=CHR$(27)<>INKEY$:DRAW"BF2XS$;":DRAW MID$("A2XS$;A0",9+(PEEK(-839)>191 OR PEEK(-840)>0)*8):NEXT
+```
+
+## Related to
+
+`CIRCLE`, `CLS`, `COLOR`, `LINE`, `PAINT`, `POINT`, `PRESET`, `PSET`, `SCREEN`
+
+## Compatibility
+
+MSX-BASIC 1.0 or higher
+
+## Source
+
+Retrieved from "https://www.msx.org/wiki/DRAW"

package/resources/programming/basic_wiki/ELSE.md

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+# ELSE
+
+## Effect
+
+This instruction is officially part of `IF...THEN...ELSE` or `IF...GOTO...ELSE` but can be used as a standalone instruction as well.
+
+When used alone the rest of the line is skipped. When compared to `REM` this has the benefit that the BASIC instructions will keep stored in compressed form taking less memory and ie. `RENUM` will still handle the line numbers correctly.
+
+## Syntax
+
+`ELSE <BASICinstruction>:<BASICinstruction>...`
+
+## Parameter
+
+`<BASICinstruction>` can be any MSX-BASIC instruction.
+
+## Example
+
+```basic
+4 REM CLS:GOTO 7
+5 ELSE CLS:GOTO 7
+6 END
+7 PRINT "We don't execute this line"
+
+renum
+Ok
+
+list
+10 REM CLS:GOTO 7
+20 ELSE CLS:GOTO 40
+30 END
+40 PRINT "We don't execute this line"
+```
+
+## Related to
+
+`IF...GOTO...ELSE`, `IF...THEN...ELSE`, `REM`, `RENUM`
+
+## Compatibility
+
+MSX-BASIC 1.0 or higher
+
+## Source
+
+Retrieved from "https://www.msx.org/wiki/ELSE"

package/resources/programming/basic_wiki/END.md

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+# END
+
+## Effect
+
+Closes all open files (if any) and ends program execution.
+
+## Syntax
+
+`END`
+
+## Example
+
+```basic
+10 PRINT "The end is nigh!"
+20 END
+30 PRINT "I shall not be executed"
+
+run
+The end is nigh!
+```
+
+## Related to
+
+`STOP`
+
+## Compatibility
+
+MSX-BASIC 1.0 or higher
+
+## Source
+
+Retrieved from "https://www.msx.org/wiki/END"

package/resources/programming/basic_wiki/EOF().md

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+# EOF()
+
+## Effect
+
+Returns whether or not the end of a file has been reached.
+
+Value of `EOF` is zero while the end of the open file is not reached.
+
+## Syntax
+
+`EOF(<Number>)`
+
+## Parameter
+
+`<Number>` corresponds to the number assigned to the file opened with the `OPEN` instruction.
+
+## Example
+
+```basic
+10 OPEN "CAS:DATA" FOR INPUT AS #1
+20 IF EOF(1) THEN 40
+30 INPUT#1,X$,Y$,Z$ : PRINT X$,Y$,Z$ : GOTO 20
+40 CLOSE#1 : END
+```
+
+## Related to
+
+`CLOSE`, `INPUT`, `OPEN`, `PRINT`
+
+## Compatibility
+
+MSX-BASIC 1.0 or higher
+
+## Source
+
+Retrieved from "https://www.msx.org/wiki/EOF()"

package/resources/programming/basic_wiki/EQV.md

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+# EQV
+
+## Effect
+
+Performs a bitwise `EQV`-operation (logical equivalence) between two expressions.
+
+The bit is set if both bits are equal. For each bit, the results are:
+```
+0 EQV 0  =  1 
+0 EQV 1  =  0 
+1 EQV 0  =  0 
+1 EQV 1  =  1 
+```
+
+## Syntax
+
+`<Value> EQV <Value>`
+
+## Parameter
+
+`<Value>` is a value between -32768 and 32767. It can also be a numeric variable or an mathematical expression.
+
+_Notes:_
+- If you use binary expressions, it is best to put the first expression in parenthesis to avoid the bug in interpreter that causes a syntax error. This problem does not happen with decimal, hexadecimal or octal expressions.
+- When the expression is performed in a condition (`IF...THEN...ELSE` or `IF...GOTO...ELSE`), if the result of the whole expression is zero the value is taken as false, otherwise it's taken as true.
+
+## Examples
+
+```basic
+PRINT 15 EQV 11
+-5
+```
+Binary explanation:
+```
+0000000000001111 
+0000000000001011  EQV
+----------------
+1111111111111011
+```
+-5 is actually the number 65531
+
+---
+```basic
+PRINT 5 EQV 13
+-9
+```
+Binary explanation:
+```
+0000000000000101 
+0000000000001101  EQV
+----------------
+1111111111110111
+```
+-9 is actually the number 65527
+
+---
+```basic
+PRINT &B00001111 EQV &B11110001
+Syntax error
+ok
+PRINT (&B00001111) EQV &B11110001
+-255
+```
+-255 is actually the number 65281
+
+## Related to
+
+`AND`, `IMP`, `MOD`, `NOT`, `OR`, `XOR`
+
+## Compatibility
+
+MSX-BASIC 1.0 or higher
+
+## Source
+
+Retrieved from "https://www.msx.org/wiki/EQV"

package/resources/programming/basic_wiki/ERASE.md

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+# ERASE
+
+## Effect
+
+Frees memory by erasing one or more arrays.
+
+## Syntax
+
+`ERASE <ArrayVariable>,<ArrayVariable>...`
+
+_Note: Parameters can not end with a comma alone._
+
+## Parameter
+
+`<ArrayVariable>` is an array of numeric variables or string variables (also named as alphanumeric variables) that has been created with the DIM instruction.
+
+## Example
+
+```basic
+10 DIM A(100),X$(60)
+…
+500 ERASE A,X$
+```
+
+## Related to
+
+`CLEAR`, `DIM`
+
+## Compatibility
+
+MSX-BASIC 1.0 or higher
+
+## Source
+
+Retrieved from "https://www.msx.org/wiki/ERASE"

package/resources/programming/basic_wiki/ERL.md

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+# ERL
+
+## Effect
+
+Returns the line number in which an error occured.
+
+## Syntax
+
+`ERL`
+
+## Example
+
+```basic
+10 ON ERROR GOTO 50
+20 MSX ' Generates an error, as "MSX" is not a valid MSX-BASIC command
+30 END
+50 PRINT "An error occurred in line ";ERL
+60 RESUME 30
+ 
+run
+An error occurred in line 20
+```
+
+## Related to
+
+`ERR`, `ERROR`, `ON ERROR GOTO`, `RESUME`
+
+## Compatibility
+
+MSX-BASIC 1.0 or higher
+
+## Source
+
+Retrieved from "https://www.msx.org/wiki/ERL"