@moqtap/codec 0.2.3 → 0.3.0

package/src/drafts/draft16/data-streams.ts

@@ -1,789 +1,835 @@
-import { BufferReader } from "../../core/buffer-reader.js";
-import { BufferWriter } from "../../core/buffer-writer.js";
-import type { DecodeResult } from "../../core/types.js";
-import { DecodeError } from "../../core/types.js";
-import type {
-  DatagramObject,
-  DataStreamEvent,
-  Draft16DataStream,
-  FetchObjectPayload,
-  FetchStream,
-  FetchStreamHeader,
-  ObjectPayload,
-  SubgroupStream,
-  SubgroupStreamHeader,
-} from "./types.js";
-
-// ─── Data Stream Encoding/Decoding ─────────────────────────────────────────────
-
-const FETCH_STREAM_TYPE = 0x05n;
-
-/**
- * Encode a subgroup stream header + objects.
- */
-export function encodeSubgroupStream(stream: SubgroupStream): Uint8Array {
-  const w = new BufferWriter();
-  const streamType = stream.headerType;
-  w.writeVarInt(BigInt(streamType));
-
-  const extensionsPresent = (streamType & 0x01) !== 0;
-  const hasSubgroupField = (streamType & 0x04) !== 0;
-  const hasPriority = streamType < 0x30;
-
-  w.writeVarInt(stream.trackAlias);
-  w.writeVarInt(stream.groupId);
-  if (hasSubgroupField) {
-    w.writeVarInt(stream.subgroupId);
-  }
-  if (hasPriority) {
-    w.writeUint8(stream.publisherPriority);
-  }
-  let prevObjectId = -1n;
-  for (const obj of stream.objects) {
-    const delta = prevObjectId < 0n ? obj.objectId : obj.objectId - prevObjectId - 1n;
-    w.writeVarInt(delta);
-    if (extensionsPresent) {
-      w.writeVarInt(BigInt(obj.extensionData.length));
-      if (obj.extensionData.length > 0) w.writeBytes(obj.extensionData);
-    }
-    w.writeVarInt(obj.payloadLength);
-    if (obj.payloadLength === 0) {
-      w.writeVarInt(obj.status ?? 0n);
-    } else {
-      w.writeBytes(obj.payload);
-    }
-    prevObjectId = obj.objectId;
-  }
-  return w.finish();
-}
-
-/**
- * Encode a datagram object.
- */
-export function encodeDatagram(dg: DatagramObject): Uint8Array {
-  const w = new BufferWriter();
-  const dgType = dg.datagramType;
-  w.writeVarInt(BigInt(dgType));
-  w.writeVarInt(dg.trackAlias);
-  w.writeVarInt(dg.groupId);
-
-  const objectIdAbsent = (dgType & 0x04) !== 0;
-  const isStatus = (dgType & 0x20) !== 0;
-
-  if (!objectIdAbsent) {
-    w.writeVarInt(dg.objectId);
-  }
-  w.writeUint8(dg.publisherPriority);
-
-  if (isStatus) {
-    w.writeVarInt(dg.objectStatus ?? 0n);
-  } else {
-    w.writeBytes(dg.payload);
-  }
-  return w.finish();
-}
-
-/**
- * Encode a fetch stream header + objects.
- */
-export function encodeFetchStream(stream: FetchStream): Uint8Array {
-  const w = new BufferWriter();
-  w.writeVarInt(FETCH_STREAM_TYPE);
-  w.writeVarInt(stream.requestId);
-  for (const obj of stream.objects) {
-    w.writeVarInt(BigInt(obj.serializationFlags));
-    const flags = obj.serializationFlags;
-    if (flags >= 0x80) {
-      // End of Range (0x8C, 0x10C): Group ID, Object ID, PayloadLength=0
-      w.writeVarInt(obj.groupId);
-      w.writeVarInt(obj.objectId);
-      w.writeVarInt(BigInt(obj.payloadLength));
-    } else {
-      if (flags & 0x08) w.writeVarInt(obj.groupId);
-      const subgroupEncoding = flags & 0x03;
-      if (subgroupEncoding === 0x03) w.writeVarInt(obj.subgroupId);
-      if (flags & 0x04) w.writeVarInt(obj.objectId);
-      if (flags & 0x10) w.writeUint8(obj.publisherPriority);
-      if (flags & 0x20) {
-        w.writeVarInt(BigInt(obj.extensionData.length));
-        if (obj.extensionData.length > 0) w.writeBytes(obj.extensionData);
-      }
-      w.writeVarInt(BigInt(obj.payloadLength));
-      if (obj.payloadLength > 0) {
-        w.writeBytes(obj.payload);
-      }
-    }
-  }
-  return w.finish();
-}
-
-/**
- * Decode a subgroup data stream from raw bytes.
- */
-export function decodeSubgroupStream(bytes: Uint8Array): DecodeResult<SubgroupStream> {
-  try {
-    const r = new BufferReader(bytes);
-    const streamType = Number(r.readVarInt());
-
-    if (
-      !((streamType >= 0x10 && streamType <= 0x1d) || (streamType >= 0x30 && streamType <= 0x3d)) ||
-      (streamType & 0x06) === 0x06 // reserved SUBGROUP_ID_MODE (bits 2:1 = 0b11)
-    ) {
-      return {
-        ok: false,
-        error: new DecodeError(
-          "CONSTRAINT_VIOLATION",
-          `Expected subgroup stream type 0x10-0x15/0x18-0x1D/0x30-0x35/0x38-0x3D, got 0x${streamType.toString(16)}`,
-          0,
-        ),
-      };
-    }
-
-    const extensionsPresent = (streamType & 0x01) !== 0;
-    const hasSubgroupField = (streamType & 0x04) !== 0;
-    const subgroupIsFirstObjId = (streamType & 0x02) !== 0 && !hasSubgroupField;
-    const hasPriority = streamType < 0x30;
-
-    const trackAlias = r.readVarInt();
-    const groupId = r.readVarInt();
-
-    let subgroupId = 0n;
-    if (hasSubgroupField) {
-      subgroupId = r.readVarInt();
-    }
-
-    let publisherPriority = 128;
-    if (hasPriority) {
-      publisherPriority = r.readUint8();
-    }
-
-    const objects: ObjectPayload[] = [];
-    let prevObjectId = -1n;
-    let firstObject = true;
-
-    while (r.remaining > 0) {
-      const byteOffset = r.offset;
-      const delta = r.readVarInt();
-      let objectId: bigint;
-      if (firstObject) {
-        objectId = delta;
-        if (subgroupIsFirstObjId && firstObject) {
-          subgroupId = objectId;
-        }
-        firstObject = false;
-      } else {
-        objectId = prevObjectId + 1n + delta;
-      }
-      let extensionData = new Uint8Array(0);
-      if (extensionsPresent) {
-        const extLen = Number(r.readVarInt());
-        extensionData = extLen > 0 ? r.readBytesView(extLen) : new Uint8Array(0);
-      }
-      const payloadLength = Number(r.readVarInt());
-      let payload: Uint8Array;
-      let status: bigint | undefined;
-      let payloadByteOffset: number;
-      if (payloadLength === 0) {
-        status = r.readVarInt();
-        payloadByteOffset = r.offset;
-        payload = new Uint8Array(0);
-      } else {
-        payloadByteOffset = r.offset;
-        payload = r.readBytesView(payloadLength);
-      }
-      const obj: ObjectPayload = { type: "object", byteOffset, payloadByteOffset, objectId, payloadLength, extensionData, payload };
-      if (status !== undefined) (obj as unknown as Record<string, unknown>).status = status;
-      objects.push(obj);
-      prevObjectId = objectId;
-    }
-
-    return {
-      ok: true,
-      value: {
-        type: "subgroup",
-        headerType: streamType,
-        trackAlias,
-        groupId,
-        subgroupId,
-        publisherPriority,
-        objects,
-      },
-      bytesRead: r.offset,
-    };
-  } catch (e) {
-    if (e instanceof DecodeError) return { ok: false, error: e };
-    throw e;
-  }
-}
-
-/**
- * Decode a datagram object from raw bytes.
- */
-export function decodeDatagram(bytes: Uint8Array): DecodeResult<DatagramObject> {
-  try {
-    const r = new BufferReader(bytes);
-    const dgType = Number(r.readVarInt());
-
-    const objectIdAbsent = (dgType & 0x04) !== 0;
-    const endOfGroup = (dgType & 0x02) !== 0;
-    const isStatus = (dgType & 0x20) !== 0;
-
-    const trackAlias = r.readVarInt();
-    const groupId = r.readVarInt();
-    let objectId = 0n;
-    if (!objectIdAbsent) {
-      objectId = r.readVarInt();
-    }
-    const publisherPriority = r.readUint8();
-
-    let objectStatus: bigint | undefined;
-    let payload: Uint8Array;
-    if (isStatus) {
-      objectStatus = r.readVarInt();
-      payload = new Uint8Array(0);
-    } else {
-      payload = r.readBytesView(r.remaining);
-    }
-    const payloadLength = payload.byteLength;
-
-    const result: DatagramObject = {
-      type: "datagram",
-      datagramType: dgType,
-      trackAlias,
-      groupId,
-      objectId,
-      publisherPriority,
-      payloadLength,
-      payload,
-    };
-
-    if (endOfGroup) (result as unknown as Record<string, unknown>).endOfGroup = true;
-    if (objectStatus !== undefined)
-      (result as unknown as Record<string, unknown>).objectStatus = objectStatus;
-
-    return { ok: true, value: result, bytesRead: r.offset };
-  } catch (e) {
-    if (e instanceof DecodeError) return { ok: false, error: e };
-    throw e;
-  }
-}
-
-/**
- * Decode a fetch data stream from raw bytes.
- */
-export function decodeFetchStream(bytes: Uint8Array): DecodeResult<FetchStream> {
-  try {
-    const r = new BufferReader(bytes);
-    const streamType = r.readVarInt();
-    if (streamType !== FETCH_STREAM_TYPE) {
-      return {
-        ok: false,
-        error: new DecodeError(
-          "CONSTRAINT_VIOLATION",
-          `Expected fetch stream type 0x05, got 0x${streamType.toString(16)}`,
-          0,
-        ),
-      };
-    }
-    const requestId = r.readVarInt();
-    const objects: FetchObjectPayload[] = [];
-
-    let prevGroupId = 0n;
-    let prevSubgroupId = 0n;
-    let prevObjectId = 0n;
-    let prevPriority = 128;
-    let first = true;
-
-    while (r.remaining > 0) {
-      const byteOffset = r.offset;
-      const flags = Number(r.readVarInt());
-
-      let groupId = prevGroupId;
-      let subgroupId = prevSubgroupId;
-      let objectId = prevObjectId + 1n;
-      let payloadLength: number;
-      let payload: Uint8Array;
-
-      if (flags >= 0x80) {
-        // End of Range: 0x8C = End of Non-Existent Range, 0x10C = End of Unknown Range
-        // Per spec §10.4.4.2: Group ID and Object ID are present;
-        // Subgroup ID, Priority, Extensions are not present.
-        if (flags !== 0x8c && flags !== 0x10c) {
-          return {
-            ok: false,
-            error: new DecodeError(
-              "CONSTRAINT_VIOLATION",
-              `Unknown serialization flags value: 0x${flags.toString(16)}`,
-              r.offset,
-            ),
-          };
-        }
-        groupId = r.readVarInt();
-        objectId = r.readVarInt();
-        payloadLength = Number(r.readVarInt());
-        const payloadByteOffset = r.offset;
-        payload = payloadLength > 0 ? r.readBytesView(payloadLength) : new Uint8Array(0);
-        objects.push({
-          type: "object",
-          byteOffset,
-          payloadByteOffset,
-          serializationFlags: flags,
-          groupId,
-          subgroupId,
-          objectId,
-          publisherPriority: prevPriority,
-          payloadLength,
-          extensionData: new Uint8Array(0),
-          payload,
-        });
-      } else {
-        const subgroupEncoding = flags & 0x03;
-        const objectIdPresent = (flags & 0x04) !== 0;
-        const groupIdPresent = (flags & 0x08) !== 0;
-        const priorityPresent = (flags & 0x10) !== 0;
-        const extensionsPresent = (flags & 0x20) !== 0;
-
-        if (flags & 0x40) {
-          return {
-            ok: false,
-            error: new DecodeError(
-              "CONSTRAINT_VIOLATION",
-              "Reserved bits set in fetch object flags",
-              r.offset,
-            ),
-          };
-        }
-
-        if (groupIdPresent) {
-          groupId = r.readVarInt();
-        } else if (first) {
-          return {
-            ok: false,
-            error: new DecodeError(
-              "CONSTRAINT_VIOLATION",
-              "First fetch object must include groupId",
-              r.offset,
-            ),
-          };
-        }
-
-        if (subgroupEncoding === 0x00) {
-          subgroupId = 0n;
-        } else if (subgroupEncoding === 0x01) {
-          if (first) {
-            return {
-              ok: false,
-              error: new DecodeError(
-                "CONSTRAINT_VIOLATION",
-                "First fetch object cannot reference prior subgroupId",
-                r.offset,
-              ),
-            };
-          }
-          // subgroupId = prevSubgroupId (already set by default)
-        } else if (subgroupEncoding === 0x02) {
-          if (first) {
-            return {
-              ok: false,
-              error: new DecodeError(
-                "CONSTRAINT_VIOLATION",
-                "First fetch object cannot reference prior subgroupId",
-                r.offset,
-              ),
-            };
-          }
-          subgroupId = prevSubgroupId + 1n;
-        } else {
-          subgroupId = r.readVarInt();
-        }
-
-        if (objectIdPresent) {
-          objectId = r.readVarInt();
-        } else if (first) {
-          return {
-            ok: false,
-            error: new DecodeError(
-              "CONSTRAINT_VIOLATION",
-              "First fetch object must include objectId",
-              r.offset,
-            ),
-          };
-        }
-
-        if (priorityPresent) {
-          prevPriority = r.readUint8();
-        }
-
-        let extensionData = new Uint8Array(0);
-        if (extensionsPresent) {
-          const extLen = Number(r.readVarInt());
-          extensionData = extLen > 0 ? r.readBytesView(extLen) : new Uint8Array(0);
-        }
-
-        payloadLength = Number(r.readVarInt());
-        const payloadByteOffset = r.offset;
-        payload = payloadLength > 0 ? r.readBytesView(payloadLength) : new Uint8Array(0);
-
-        objects.push({
-          type: "object",
-          byteOffset,
-          payloadByteOffset,
-          serializationFlags: flags,
-          groupId,
-          subgroupId,
-          objectId,
-          publisherPriority: prevPriority,
-          payloadLength,
-          extensionData,
-          payload,
-        });
-      }
-
-      prevGroupId = groupId;
-      prevSubgroupId = subgroupId;
-      prevObjectId = objectId;
-      first = false;
-    }
-
-    return {
-      ok: true,
-      value: { type: "fetch", requestId, objects },
-      bytesRead: r.offset,
-    };
-  } catch (e) {
-    if (e instanceof DecodeError) return { ok: false, error: e };
-    throw e;
-  }
-}
-
-/**
- * Decode a data stream, dispatching by stream type.
- */
-export function decodeDataStream(
-  streamType: "subgroup" | "datagram" | "fetch",
-  bytes: Uint8Array,
-): DecodeResult<Draft16DataStream> {
-  switch (streamType) {
-    case "subgroup":
-      return decodeSubgroupStream(bytes);
-    case "datagram":
-      return decodeDatagram(bytes);
-    case "fetch":
-      return decodeFetchStream(bytes);
-    default: {
-      const _exhaustive: never = streamType;
-      throw new Error(`Unknown stream type: ${_exhaustive}`);
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-// ─── Data Stream Decoders ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────
-
-export function createSubgroupStreamDecoder(): TransformStream<
-  Uint8Array,
-  SubgroupStreamHeader | ObjectPayload
-> {
-  let buffer = new Uint8Array(0);
-  let offset = 0;
-  let headerEmitted = false;
-  let prevObjectId = -1n;
-  let firstObject = true;
-  let _subgroupIsFirstObjId = false;
-  let _extensionsPresent = false;
-
-  return new TransformStream<Uint8Array, SubgroupStreamHeader | ObjectPayload>({
-    transform(chunk, controller) {
-      if (offset > 0) {
-        buffer = buffer.subarray(offset);
-        offset = 0;
-      }
-      const newBuffer = new Uint8Array(buffer.length + chunk.length);
-      newBuffer.set(buffer, 0);
-      newBuffer.set(chunk, buffer.length);
-      buffer = newBuffer;
-
-      if (!headerEmitted) {
-        try {
-          const r = new BufferReader(buffer.subarray(offset));
-          const streamType = Number(r.readVarInt());
-
-          if (
-            !(
-              (streamType >= 0x10 && streamType <= 0x1d) ||
-              (streamType >= 0x30 && streamType <= 0x3d)
-            )
-          ) {
-            controller.error(
-              new DecodeError(
-                "CONSTRAINT_VIOLATION",
-                `Expected subgroup stream type, got 0x${streamType.toString(16)}`,
-                0,
-              ),
-            );
-            return;
-          }
-
-          _extensionsPresent = (streamType & 0x01) !== 0;
-          const hasSubgroupField = (streamType & 0x04) !== 0;
-          _subgroupIsFirstObjId = (streamType & 0x02) !== 0 && !hasSubgroupField;
-          const hasPriority = streamType < 0x30;
-
-          const trackAlias = r.readVarInt();
-          const groupId = r.readVarInt();
-
-          let subgroupId = 0n;
-          if (hasSubgroupField) {
-            subgroupId = r.readVarInt();
-          }
-
-          let publisherPriority = 128;
-          if (hasPriority) {
-            publisherPriority = r.readUint8();
-          }
-
-          controller.enqueue({
-            type: "subgroup_header",
-            trackAlias,
-            groupId,
-            subgroupId,
-            publisherPriority,
-          });
-          headerEmitted = true;
-          offset += r.offset;
-        } catch (e) {
-          if (e instanceof DecodeError && e.code === "UNEXPECTED_END") {
-            return;
-          }
-          controller.error(e);
-          return;
-        }
-      }
-
-      while (offset < buffer.length) {
-        try {
-          const r = new BufferReader(buffer.subarray(offset));
-          const delta = r.readVarInt();
-          let objectId: bigint;
-          if (firstObject) {
-            objectId = delta;
-            firstObject = false;
-          } else {
-            objectId = prevObjectId + 1n + delta;
-          }
-          let extensionData = new Uint8Array(0);
-          if (_extensionsPresent) {
-            const extLen = Number(r.readVarInt());
-            extensionData = extLen > 0 ? r.readBytesView(extLen) : new Uint8Array(0);
-          }
-          const payloadLength = Number(r.readVarInt());
-          let payloadByteOffset: number;
-          let status: bigint | undefined;
-          if (payloadLength === 0) {
-            status = r.readVarInt();
-            payloadByteOffset = r.offset;
-          } else {
-            payloadByteOffset = r.offset;
-          }
-          const payload = payloadLength > 0 ? r.readBytesView(payloadLength) : new Uint8Array(0);
-          const obj: ObjectPayload = { type: "object", byteOffset: 0, payloadByteOffset, objectId, payloadLength, payload, extensionData };
-          if (status !== undefined) (obj as unknown as Record<string, unknown>).status = status;
-          controller.enqueue(obj);
-          offset += r.offset;
-          prevObjectId = objectId;
-        } catch (e) {
-          if (e instanceof DecodeError && e.code === "UNEXPECTED_END") {
-            break;
-          }
-          controller.error(e);
-          return;
-        }
-      }
-    },
-
-    flush(controller) {
-      if (offset < buffer.length) {
-        controller.error(new DecodeError("UNEXPECTED_END", "Stream ended with incomplete data", 0));
-      }
-    },
-  });
-}
-
-export function createFetchStreamDecoder(): TransformStream<
-  Uint8Array,
-  FetchStreamHeader | ObjectPayload
-> {
-  let buffer = new Uint8Array(0);
-  let offset = 0;
-  let headerEmitted = false;
-
-  return new TransformStream<Uint8Array, FetchStreamHeader | ObjectPayload>({
-    transform(chunk, controller) {
-      if (offset > 0) {
-        buffer = buffer.subarray(offset);
-        offset = 0;
-      }
-      const newBuffer = new Uint8Array(buffer.length + chunk.length);
-      newBuffer.set(buffer, 0);
-      newBuffer.set(chunk, buffer.length);
-      buffer = newBuffer;
-
-      if (!headerEmitted) {
-        try {
-          const r = new BufferReader(buffer.subarray(offset));
-          const streamType = r.readVarInt();
-          if (streamType !== FETCH_STREAM_TYPE) {
-            controller.error(
-              new DecodeError(
-                "CONSTRAINT_VIOLATION",
-                `Expected fetch stream type 0x05, got 0x${streamType.toString(16)}`,
-                0,
-              ),
-            );
-            return;
-          }
-          const requestId = r.readVarInt();
-          controller.enqueue({ type: "fetch_header", requestId });
-          headerEmitted = true;
-          offset += r.offset;
-        } catch (e) {
-          if (e instanceof DecodeError && e.code === "UNEXPECTED_END") {
-            return;
-          }
-          controller.error(e);
-          return;
-        }
-      }
-
-      while (offset < buffer.length) {
-        try {
-          const r = new BufferReader(buffer.subarray(offset));
-          const flags = Number(r.readVarInt());
-          const objectIdPresent = (flags & 0x04) !== 0;
-          const groupIdPresent = (flags & 0x08) !== 0;
-          const priorityPresent = (flags & 0x10) !== 0;
-          const extensionsPresent = (flags & 0x20) !== 0;
-          const subgroupEncoding = flags & 0x03;
-
-          if (groupIdPresent) r.readVarInt();
-          if (subgroupEncoding === 0x03) r.readVarInt();
-          let objectId = 0n;
-          if (objectIdPresent) objectId = r.readVarInt();
-          if (priorityPresent) r.readUint8();
-          let extensionData = new Uint8Array(0);
-          if (extensionsPresent) {
-            const extLen = Number(r.readVarInt());
-            extensionData = extLen > 0 ? r.readBytesView(extLen) : new Uint8Array(0);
-          }
-          const payloadLength = Number(r.readVarInt());
-          const payloadByteOffset = r.offset;
-          const payload = payloadLength > 0 ? r.readBytesView(payloadLength) : new Uint8Array(0);
-          controller.enqueue({ type: "object", byteOffset: 0, payloadByteOffset, objectId, payloadLength, payload, extensionData });
-          offset += r.offset;
-        } catch (e) {
-          if (e instanceof DecodeError && e.code === "UNEXPECTED_END") {
-            break;
-          }
-          controller.error(e);
-          return;
-        }
-      }
-    },
-
-    flush(controller) {
-      if (offset < buffer.length) {
-        controller.error(new DecodeError("UNEXPECTED_END", "Stream ended with incomplete data", 0));
-      }
-    },
-  });
-}
-
-export function createDataStreamDecoder(): TransformStream<Uint8Array, DataStreamEvent> {
-  let buffer = new Uint8Array(0);
-  let offset = 0;
-  let inner: TransformStream<Uint8Array, DataStreamEvent> | null = null;
-
-  return new TransformStream<Uint8Array, DataStreamEvent>({
-    transform(chunk, controller) {
-      if (offset > 0) {
-        buffer = buffer.subarray(offset);
-        offset = 0;
-      }
-      const newBuffer = new Uint8Array(buffer.length + chunk.length);
-      newBuffer.set(buffer, 0);
-      newBuffer.set(chunk, buffer.length);
-      buffer = newBuffer;
-
-      if (inner === null) {
-        if (offset >= buffer.length) return;
-        const firstByte = buffer[offset]!;
-
-        if ((firstByte >= 0x10 && firstByte <= 0x1d) || (firstByte >= 0x30 && firstByte <= 0x3d)) {
-          const decoder = createSubgroupStreamDecoder();
-          inner = decoder as unknown as TransformStream<Uint8Array, DataStreamEvent>;
-        } else if (firstByte === 0x05) {
-          const decoder = createFetchStreamDecoder();
-          inner = decoder as unknown as TransformStream<Uint8Array, DataStreamEvent>;
-        } else {
-          controller.error(
-            new DecodeError(
-              "CONSTRAINT_VIOLATION",
-              `Unknown data stream type: 0x${firstByte.toString(16)}`,
-              0,
-            ),
-          );
-          return;
-        }
-      }
-    },
-
-    flush(controller) {
-      if (offset >= buffer.length) return;
-      const view = buffer.subarray(offset);
-
-      const firstByte = view[0]!;
-      let result: DecodeResult<Draft16DataStream>;
-
-      if ((firstByte >= 0x10 && firstByte <= 0x1d) || (firstByte >= 0x30 && firstByte <= 0x3d)) {
-        result = decodeSubgroupStream(view);
-      } else if (firstByte === 0x05) {
-        result = decodeFetchStream(view);
-      } else {
-        controller.error(
-          new DecodeError(
-            "CONSTRAINT_VIOLATION",
-            `Unknown data stream type: 0x${firstByte.toString(16)}`,
-            0,
-          ),
-        );
-        return;
-      }
-
-      if (!result.ok) {
-        controller.error(result.error);
-        return;
-      }
-
-      const stream = result.value;
-      if (stream.type === "subgroup") {
-        controller.enqueue({
-          type: "subgroup_header",
-          trackAlias: stream.trackAlias,
-          groupId: stream.groupId,
-          subgroupId: stream.subgroupId,
-          publisherPriority: stream.publisherPriority,
-        });
-        for (const obj of stream.objects) {
-          controller.enqueue(obj);
-        }
-      } else if (stream.type === "fetch") {
-        controller.enqueue({
-          type: "fetch_header",
-          requestId: stream.requestId,
-        });
-        for (const obj of stream.objects) {
-          controller.enqueue(obj);
-        }
-      }
-    },
-  });
-}
+import { BufferReader } from '../../core/buffer-reader.js'
+import { BufferWriter } from '../../core/buffer-writer.js'
+import type { DecodeResult } from '../../core/types.js'
+import { DecodeError } from '../../core/types.js'
+import type {
+  DatagramObject,
+  DataStreamEvent,
+  Draft16DataStream,
+  FetchObjectPayload,
+  FetchStream,
+  FetchStreamHeader,
+  ObjectPayload,
+  SubgroupStream,
+  SubgroupStreamHeader,
+} from './types.js'
+
+// ─── Data Stream Encoding/Decoding ─────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+const FETCH_STREAM_TYPE = 0x05n
+
+/**
+ * Encode a subgroup stream header + objects.
+ */
+export function encodeSubgroupStream(stream: SubgroupStream): Uint8Array {
+  const w = new BufferWriter()
+  const streamType = stream.headerType
+  w.writeVarInt(BigInt(streamType))
+
+  const extensionsPresent = (streamType & 0x01) !== 0
+  const hasSubgroupField = (streamType & 0x04) !== 0
+  const hasPriority = streamType < 0x30
+
+  w.writeVarInt(stream.trackAlias)
+  w.writeVarInt(stream.groupId)
+  if (hasSubgroupField) {
+    w.writeVarInt(stream.subgroupId)
+  }
+  if (hasPriority) {
+    w.writeUint8(stream.publisherPriority)
+  }
+  let prevObjectId = -1n
+  for (const obj of stream.objects) {
+    const delta = prevObjectId < 0n ? obj.objectId : obj.objectId - prevObjectId - 1n
+    w.writeVarInt(delta)
+    if (extensionsPresent) {
+      w.writeVarInt(BigInt(obj.extensionData.length))
+      if (obj.extensionData.length > 0) w.writeBytes(obj.extensionData)
+    }
+    w.writeVarInt(obj.payloadLength)
+    if (obj.payloadLength === 0) {
+      w.writeVarInt(obj.status ?? 0n)
+    } else {
+      w.writeBytes(obj.payload)
+    }
+    prevObjectId = obj.objectId
+  }
+  return w.finish()
+}
+
+/**
+ * Encode a datagram object.
+ */
+export function encodeDatagram(dg: DatagramObject): Uint8Array {
+  const w = new BufferWriter()
+  const dgType = dg.datagramType
+  w.writeVarInt(BigInt(dgType))
+  w.writeVarInt(dg.trackAlias)
+  w.writeVarInt(dg.groupId)
+
+  const extensionsPresent = (dgType & 0x01) !== 0
+  const objectIdAbsent = (dgType & 0x04) !== 0
+  const defaultPriority = (dgType & 0x08) !== 0
+  const isStatus = (dgType & 0x20) !== 0
+
+  if (!objectIdAbsent) {
+    w.writeVarInt(dg.objectId)
+  }
+  if (!defaultPriority) {
+    w.writeUint8(dg.publisherPriority)
+  }
+
+  if (extensionsPresent) {
+    const extData = dg.extensionData ?? new Uint8Array(0)
+    w.writeVarInt(BigInt(extData.length))
+    if (extData.length > 0) w.writeBytes(extData)
+  }
+
+  if (isStatus) {
+    w.writeVarInt(dg.objectStatus ?? 0n)
+  } else {
+    w.writeBytes(dg.payload)
+  }
+  return w.finish()
+}
+
+/**
+ * Encode a fetch stream header + objects.
+ */
+export function encodeFetchStream(stream: FetchStream): Uint8Array {
+  const w = new BufferWriter()
+  w.writeVarInt(FETCH_STREAM_TYPE)
+  w.writeVarInt(stream.requestId)
+  for (const obj of stream.objects) {
+    w.writeVarInt(BigInt(obj.serializationFlags))
+    const flags = obj.serializationFlags
+    if (flags >= 0x80) {
+      // End of Range (0x8C, 0x10C): Group ID, Object ID, PayloadLength=0
+      w.writeVarInt(obj.groupId)
+      w.writeVarInt(obj.objectId)
+      w.writeVarInt(BigInt(obj.payloadLength))
+    } else {
+      if (flags & 0x08) w.writeVarInt(obj.groupId)
+      const subgroupEncoding = flags & 0x03
+      if (subgroupEncoding === 0x03) w.writeVarInt(obj.subgroupId)
+      if (flags & 0x04) w.writeVarInt(obj.objectId)
+      if (flags & 0x10) w.writeUint8(obj.publisherPriority)
+      if (flags & 0x20) {
+        w.writeVarInt(BigInt(obj.extensionData.length))
+        if (obj.extensionData.length > 0) w.writeBytes(obj.extensionData)
+      }
+      w.writeVarInt(BigInt(obj.payloadLength))
+      if (obj.payloadLength > 0) {
+        w.writeBytes(obj.payload)
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return w.finish()
+}
+
+/**
+ * Decode a subgroup data stream from raw bytes.
+ */
+export function decodeSubgroupStream(bytes: Uint8Array): DecodeResult<SubgroupStream> {
+  try {
+    const r = new BufferReader(bytes)
+    const streamType = Number(r.readVarInt())
+
+    // Draft-16 subgroup type: bits 0=extensions, 2:1=subgroup_id_mode, 3=end_of_group, 5=no_priority
+    // Valid range: 0x10-0x1F (with priority) or 0x30-0x3F (without priority)
+    // Reserved: subgroup_id_mode 0b11 (bits 2:1)
+    if (
+      !((streamType >= 0x10 && streamType <= 0x1f) || (streamType >= 0x30 && streamType <= 0x3f)) ||
+      (streamType & 0x06) === 0x06 // reserved SUBGROUP_ID_MODE (bits 2:1 = 0b11)
+    ) {
+      return {
+        ok: false,
+        error: new DecodeError(
+          'CONSTRAINT_VIOLATION',
+          `Expected subgroup stream type 0x10-0x1F/0x30-0x3F, got 0x${streamType.toString(16)}`,
+          0,
+        ),
+      }
+    }
+
+    const extensionsPresent = (streamType & 0x01) !== 0
+    const hasSubgroupField = (streamType & 0x04) !== 0
+    const subgroupIsFirstObjId = (streamType & 0x02) !== 0 && !hasSubgroupField
+    const endOfGroup = (streamType & 0x08) !== 0
+    const hasPriority = streamType < 0x30
+
+    const trackAlias = r.readVarInt()
+    const groupId = r.readVarInt()
+
+    let subgroupId = 0n
+    if (hasSubgroupField) {
+      subgroupId = r.readVarInt()
+    }
+
+    let publisherPriority = 128
+    if (hasPriority) {
+      publisherPriority = r.readUint8()
+    }
+
+    const objects: ObjectPayload[] = []
+    let prevObjectId = -1n
+    let firstObject = true
+
+    while (r.remaining > 0) {
+      const byteOffset = r.offset
+      const delta = r.readVarInt()
+      let objectId: bigint
+      if (firstObject) {
+        objectId = delta
+        if (subgroupIsFirstObjId && firstObject) {
+          subgroupId = objectId
+        }
+        firstObject = false
+      } else {
+        objectId = prevObjectId + 1n + delta
+      }
+      let extensionData = new Uint8Array(0)
+      if (extensionsPresent) {
+        const extLen = Number(r.readVarInt())
+        extensionData = extLen > 0 ? r.readBytesView(extLen) : new Uint8Array(0)
+      }
+      const payloadLength = Number(r.readVarInt())
+      let payload: Uint8Array
+      let status: bigint | undefined
+      let payloadByteOffset: number
+      if (payloadLength === 0) {
+        status = r.readVarInt()
+        payloadByteOffset = r.offset
+        payload = new Uint8Array(0)
+      } else {
+        payloadByteOffset = r.offset
+        payload = r.readBytesView(payloadLength)
+      }
+      const obj: ObjectPayload = {
+        type: 'object',
+        byteOffset,
+        payloadByteOffset,
+        objectId,
+        payloadLength,
+        extensionData,
+        payload,
+      }
+      if (status !== undefined) (obj as unknown as Record<string, unknown>).status = status
+      objects.push(obj)
+      prevObjectId = objectId
+    }
+
+    const result: SubgroupStream = {
+      type: 'subgroup',
+      headerType: streamType,
+      trackAlias,
+      groupId,
+      subgroupId,
+      publisherPriority,
+      objects,
+    }
+    if (endOfGroup) (result as unknown as Record<string, unknown>).endOfGroup = true
+
+    return {
+      ok: true,
+      value: result,
+      bytesRead: r.offset,
+    }
+  } catch (e) {
+    if (e instanceof DecodeError) return { ok: false, error: e }
+    throw e
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Decode a datagram object from raw bytes.
+ */
+export function decodeDatagram(bytes: Uint8Array): DecodeResult<DatagramObject> {
+  try {
+    const r = new BufferReader(bytes)
+    const dgType = Number(r.readVarInt())
+
+    const extensionsPresent = (dgType & 0x01) !== 0
+    const objectIdAbsent = (dgType & 0x04) !== 0
+    const endOfGroup = (dgType & 0x02) !== 0
+    const defaultPriority = (dgType & 0x08) !== 0
+    const isStatus = (dgType & 0x20) !== 0
+
+    const trackAlias = r.readVarInt()
+    const groupId = r.readVarInt()
+    let objectId = 0n
+    if (!objectIdAbsent) {
+      objectId = r.readVarInt()
+    }
+    let publisherPriority = 128 // default
+    if (!defaultPriority) {
+      publisherPriority = r.readUint8()
+    }
+
+    let extensionData: Uint8Array | undefined
+    if (extensionsPresent) {
+      const extLen = Number(r.readVarInt())
+      extensionData = extLen > 0 ? r.readBytesView(extLen) : new Uint8Array(0)
+    }
+
+    let objectStatus: bigint | undefined
+    let payload: Uint8Array
+    if (isStatus) {
+      objectStatus = r.readVarInt()
+      payload = new Uint8Array(0)
+    } else {
+      payload = r.readBytesView(r.remaining)
+    }
+    const payloadLength = payload.byteLength
+
+    const result: DatagramObject = {
+      type: 'datagram',
+      datagramType: dgType,
+      trackAlias,
+      groupId,
+      objectId,
+      publisherPriority,
+      payloadLength,
+      payload,
+    }
+
+    if (endOfGroup) (result as unknown as Record<string, unknown>).endOfGroup = true
+    if (objectStatus !== undefined)
+      (result as unknown as Record<string, unknown>).objectStatus = objectStatus
+    if (extensionData !== undefined)
+      (result as unknown as Record<string, unknown>).extensionData = extensionData
+
+    return { ok: true, value: result, bytesRead: r.offset }
+  } catch (e) {
+    if (e instanceof DecodeError) return { ok: false, error: e }
+    throw e
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Decode a fetch data stream from raw bytes.
+ */
+export function decodeFetchStream(bytes: Uint8Array): DecodeResult<FetchStream> {
+  try {
+    const r = new BufferReader(bytes)
+    const streamType = r.readVarInt()
+    if (streamType !== FETCH_STREAM_TYPE) {
+      return {
+        ok: false,
+        error: new DecodeError(
+          'CONSTRAINT_VIOLATION',
+          `Expected fetch stream type 0x05, got 0x${streamType.toString(16)}`,
+          0,
+        ),
+      }
+    }
+    const requestId = r.readVarInt()
+    const objects: FetchObjectPayload[] = []
+
+    let prevGroupId = 0n
+    let prevSubgroupId = 0n
+    let prevObjectId = 0n
+    let prevPriority = 128
+    let first = true
+
+    while (r.remaining > 0) {
+      const byteOffset = r.offset
+      const flags = Number(r.readVarInt())
+
+      let groupId = prevGroupId
+      let subgroupId = prevSubgroupId
+      let objectId = prevObjectId + 1n
+      let payloadLength: number
+      let payload: Uint8Array
+
+      if (flags >= 0x80) {
+        // End of Range: 0x8C = End of Non-Existent Range, 0x10C = End of Unknown Range
+        // Per spec §10.4.4.2: Group ID and Object ID are present;
+        // Subgroup ID, Priority, Extensions are not present.
+        if (flags !== 0x8c && flags !== 0x10c) {
+          return {
+            ok: false,
+            error: new DecodeError(
+              'CONSTRAINT_VIOLATION',
+              `Unknown serialization flags value: 0x${flags.toString(16)}`,
+              r.offset,
+            ),
+          }
+        }
+        groupId = r.readVarInt()
+        objectId = r.readVarInt()
+        payloadLength = Number(r.readVarInt())
+        const payloadByteOffset = r.offset
+        payload = payloadLength > 0 ? r.readBytesView(payloadLength) : new Uint8Array(0)
+        objects.push({
+          type: 'object',
+          byteOffset,
+          payloadByteOffset,
+          serializationFlags: flags,
+          groupId,
+          subgroupId,
+          objectId,
+          publisherPriority: prevPriority,
+          payloadLength,
+          extensionData: new Uint8Array(0),
+          payload,
+        })
+      } else {
+        const datagramForwarding = (flags & 0x40) !== 0
+        const subgroupEncoding = datagramForwarding ? -1 : flags & 0x03
+        const objectIdPresent = (flags & 0x04) !== 0
+        const groupIdPresent = (flags & 0x08) !== 0
+        const priorityPresent = (flags & 0x10) !== 0
+        const extensionsPresent = (flags & 0x20) !== 0
+
+        if (groupIdPresent) {
+          groupId = r.readVarInt()
+        } else if (first) {
+          return {
+            ok: false,
+            error: new DecodeError(
+              'CONSTRAINT_VIOLATION',
+              'First fetch object must include groupId',
+              r.offset,
+            ),
+          }
+        }
+
+        if (datagramForwarding) {
+          // Datagram forwarding: no subgroup field
+        } else if (subgroupEncoding === 0x00) {
+          subgroupId = 0n
+        } else if (subgroupEncoding === 0x01) {
+          if (first) {
+            return {
+              ok: false,
+              error: new DecodeError(
+                'CONSTRAINT_VIOLATION',
+                'First fetch object cannot reference prior subgroupId',
+                r.offset,
+              ),
+            }
+          }
+          // subgroupId = prevSubgroupId (already set by default)
+        } else if (subgroupEncoding === 0x02) {
+          if (first) {
+            return {
+              ok: false,
+              error: new DecodeError(
+                'CONSTRAINT_VIOLATION',
+                'First fetch object cannot reference prior subgroupId',
+                r.offset,
+              ),
+            }
+          }
+          subgroupId = prevSubgroupId + 1n
+        } else {
+          subgroupId = r.readVarInt()
+        }
+
+        if (objectIdPresent) {
+          objectId = r.readVarInt()
+        } else if (first) {
+          return {
+            ok: false,
+            error: new DecodeError(
+              'CONSTRAINT_VIOLATION',
+              'First fetch object must include objectId',
+              r.offset,
+            ),
+          }
+        }
+
+        if (priorityPresent) {
+          prevPriority = r.readUint8()
+        }
+
+        let extensionData = new Uint8Array(0)
+        if (extensionsPresent) {
+          const extLen = Number(r.readVarInt())
+          extensionData = extLen > 0 ? r.readBytesView(extLen) : new Uint8Array(0)
+        }
+
+        payloadLength = Number(r.readVarInt())
+        const payloadByteOffset = r.offset
+        payload = payloadLength > 0 ? r.readBytesView(payloadLength) : new Uint8Array(0)
+
+        objects.push({
+          type: 'object',
+          byteOffset,
+          payloadByteOffset,
+          serializationFlags: flags,
+          groupId,
+          subgroupId,
+          objectId,
+          publisherPriority: prevPriority,
+          payloadLength,
+          extensionData,
+          payload,
+        })
+      }
+
+      prevGroupId = groupId
+      prevSubgroupId = subgroupId
+      prevObjectId = objectId
+      first = false
+    }
+
+    return {
+      ok: true,
+      value: { type: 'fetch', requestId, objects },
+      bytesRead: r.offset,
+    }
+  } catch (e) {
+    if (e instanceof DecodeError) return { ok: false, error: e }
+    throw e
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Decode a data stream, dispatching by stream type.
+ */
+export function decodeDataStream(
+  streamType: 'subgroup' | 'datagram' | 'fetch',
+  bytes: Uint8Array,
+): DecodeResult<Draft16DataStream> {
+  switch (streamType) {
+    case 'subgroup':
+      return decodeSubgroupStream(bytes)
+    case 'datagram':
+      return decodeDatagram(bytes)
+    case 'fetch':
+      return decodeFetchStream(bytes)
+    default: {
+      const _exhaustive: never = streamType
+      throw new Error(`Unknown stream type: ${_exhaustive}`)
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+// ─── Data Stream Decoders ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+export function createSubgroupStreamDecoder(): TransformStream<
+  Uint8Array,
+  SubgroupStreamHeader | ObjectPayload
+> {
+  let buffer = new Uint8Array(0)
+  let offset = 0
+  let headerEmitted = false
+  let prevObjectId = -1n
+  let firstObject = true
+  let _subgroupIsFirstObjId = false
+  let _extensionsPresent = false
+
+  return new TransformStream<Uint8Array, SubgroupStreamHeader | ObjectPayload>({
+    transform(chunk, controller) {
+      if (offset > 0) {
+        buffer = buffer.subarray(offset)
+        offset = 0
+      }
+      const newBuffer = new Uint8Array(buffer.length + chunk.length)
+      newBuffer.set(buffer, 0)
+      newBuffer.set(chunk, buffer.length)
+      buffer = newBuffer
+
+      if (!headerEmitted) {
+        try {
+          const r = new BufferReader(buffer.subarray(offset))
+          const streamType = Number(r.readVarInt())
+
+          if (
+            !(
+              (streamType >= 0x10 && streamType <= 0x1f) ||
+              (streamType >= 0x30 && streamType <= 0x3f)
+            )
+          ) {
+            controller.error(
+              new DecodeError(
+                'CONSTRAINT_VIOLATION',
+                `Expected subgroup stream type, got 0x${streamType.toString(16)}`,
+                0,
+              ),
+            )
+            return
+          }
+
+          _extensionsPresent = (streamType & 0x01) !== 0
+          const hasSubgroupField = (streamType & 0x04) !== 0
+          _subgroupIsFirstObjId = (streamType & 0x02) !== 0 && !hasSubgroupField
+          const hasPriority = streamType < 0x30
+
+          const trackAlias = r.readVarInt()
+          const groupId = r.readVarInt()
+
+          let subgroupId = 0n
+          if (hasSubgroupField) {
+            subgroupId = r.readVarInt()
+          }
+
+          let publisherPriority = 128
+          if (hasPriority) {
+            publisherPriority = r.readUint8()
+          }
+
+          controller.enqueue({
+            type: 'subgroup_header',
+            trackAlias,
+            groupId,
+            subgroupId,
+            publisherPriority,
+          })
+          headerEmitted = true
+          offset += r.offset
+        } catch (e) {
+          if (e instanceof DecodeError && e.code === 'UNEXPECTED_END') {
+            return
+          }
+          controller.error(e)
+          return
+        }
+      }
+
+      while (offset < buffer.length) {
+        try {
+          const r = new BufferReader(buffer.subarray(offset))
+          const delta = r.readVarInt()
+          let objectId: bigint
+          if (firstObject) {
+            objectId = delta
+            firstObject = false
+          } else {
+            objectId = prevObjectId + 1n + delta
+          }
+          let extensionData = new Uint8Array(0)
+          if (_extensionsPresent) {
+            const extLen = Number(r.readVarInt())
+            extensionData = extLen > 0 ? r.readBytesView(extLen) : new Uint8Array(0)
+          }
+          const payloadLength = Number(r.readVarInt())
+          let payloadByteOffset: number
+          let status: bigint | undefined
+          if (payloadLength === 0) {
+            status = r.readVarInt()
+            payloadByteOffset = r.offset
+          } else {
+            payloadByteOffset = r.offset
+          }
+          const payload = payloadLength > 0 ? r.readBytesView(payloadLength) : new Uint8Array(0)
+          const obj: ObjectPayload = {
+            type: 'object',
+            byteOffset: 0,
+            payloadByteOffset,
+            objectId,
+            payloadLength,
+            payload,
+            extensionData,
+          }
+          if (status !== undefined) (obj as unknown as Record<string, unknown>).status = status
+          controller.enqueue(obj)
+          offset += r.offset
+          prevObjectId = objectId
+        } catch (e) {
+          if (e instanceof DecodeError && e.code === 'UNEXPECTED_END') {
+            break
+          }
+          controller.error(e)
+          return
+        }
+      }
+    },
+
+    flush(controller) {
+      if (offset < buffer.length) {
+        controller.error(new DecodeError('UNEXPECTED_END', 'Stream ended with incomplete data', 0))
+      }
+    },
+  })
+}
+
+export function createFetchStreamDecoder(): TransformStream<
+  Uint8Array,
+  FetchStreamHeader | ObjectPayload
+> {
+  let buffer = new Uint8Array(0)
+  let offset = 0
+  let headerEmitted = false
+
+  return new TransformStream<Uint8Array, FetchStreamHeader | ObjectPayload>({
+    transform(chunk, controller) {
+      if (offset > 0) {
+        buffer = buffer.subarray(offset)
+        offset = 0
+      }
+      const newBuffer = new Uint8Array(buffer.length + chunk.length)
+      newBuffer.set(buffer, 0)
+      newBuffer.set(chunk, buffer.length)
+      buffer = newBuffer
+
+      if (!headerEmitted) {
+        try {
+          const r = new BufferReader(buffer.subarray(offset))
+          const streamType = r.readVarInt()
+          if (streamType !== FETCH_STREAM_TYPE) {
+            controller.error(
+              new DecodeError(
+                'CONSTRAINT_VIOLATION',
+                `Expected fetch stream type 0x05, got 0x${streamType.toString(16)}`,
+                0,
+              ),
+            )
+            return
+          }
+          const requestId = r.readVarInt()
+          controller.enqueue({ type: 'fetch_header', requestId })
+          headerEmitted = true
+          offset += r.offset
+        } catch (e) {
+          if (e instanceof DecodeError && e.code === 'UNEXPECTED_END') {
+            return
+          }
+          controller.error(e)
+          return
+        }
+      }
+
+      while (offset < buffer.length) {
+        try {
+          const r = new BufferReader(buffer.subarray(offset))
+          const flags = Number(r.readVarInt())
+          const objectIdPresent = (flags & 0x04) !== 0
+          const groupIdPresent = (flags & 0x08) !== 0
+          const priorityPresent = (flags & 0x10) !== 0
+          const extensionsPresent = (flags & 0x20) !== 0
+          const subgroupEncoding = flags & 0x03
+
+          if (groupIdPresent) r.readVarInt()
+          if (subgroupEncoding === 0x03) r.readVarInt()
+          let objectId = 0n
+          if (objectIdPresent) objectId = r.readVarInt()
+          if (priorityPresent) r.readUint8()
+          let extensionData = new Uint8Array(0)
+          if (extensionsPresent) {
+            const extLen = Number(r.readVarInt())
+            extensionData = extLen > 0 ? r.readBytesView(extLen) : new Uint8Array(0)
+          }
+          const payloadLength = Number(r.readVarInt())
+          const payloadByteOffset = r.offset
+          const payload = payloadLength > 0 ? r.readBytesView(payloadLength) : new Uint8Array(0)
+          controller.enqueue({
+            type: 'object',
+            byteOffset: 0,
+            payloadByteOffset,
+            objectId,
+            payloadLength,
+            payload,
+            extensionData,
+          })
+          offset += r.offset
+        } catch (e) {
+          if (e instanceof DecodeError && e.code === 'UNEXPECTED_END') {
+            break
+          }
+          controller.error(e)
+          return
+        }
+      }
+    },
+
+    flush(controller) {
+      if (offset < buffer.length) {
+        controller.error(new DecodeError('UNEXPECTED_END', 'Stream ended with incomplete data', 0))
+      }
+    },
+  })
+}
+
+export function createDataStreamDecoder(): TransformStream<Uint8Array, DataStreamEvent> {
+  let buffer = new Uint8Array(0)
+  let offset = 0
+  let inner: TransformStream<Uint8Array, DataStreamEvent> | null = null
+
+  return new TransformStream<Uint8Array, DataStreamEvent>({
+    transform(chunk, controller) {
+      if (offset > 0) {
+        buffer = buffer.subarray(offset)
+        offset = 0
+      }
+      const newBuffer = new Uint8Array(buffer.length + chunk.length)
+      newBuffer.set(buffer, 0)
+      newBuffer.set(chunk, buffer.length)
+      buffer = newBuffer
+
+      if (inner === null) {
+        if (offset >= buffer.length) return
+        const firstByte = buffer[offset]!
+
+        if ((firstByte >= 0x10 && firstByte <= 0x1f) || (firstByte >= 0x30 && firstByte <= 0x3f)) {
+          const decoder = createSubgroupStreamDecoder()
+          inner = decoder as unknown as TransformStream<Uint8Array, DataStreamEvent>
+        } else if (firstByte === 0x05) {
+          const decoder = createFetchStreamDecoder()
+          inner = decoder as unknown as TransformStream<Uint8Array, DataStreamEvent>
+        } else {
+          controller.error(
+            new DecodeError(
+              'CONSTRAINT_VIOLATION',
+              `Unknown data stream type: 0x${firstByte.toString(16)}`,
+              0,
+            ),
+          )
+          return
+        }
+      }
+    },
+
+    flush(controller) {
+      if (offset >= buffer.length) return
+      const view = buffer.subarray(offset)
+
+      const firstByte = view[0]!
+      let result: DecodeResult<Draft16DataStream>
+
+      if ((firstByte >= 0x10 && firstByte <= 0x1f) || (firstByte >= 0x30 && firstByte <= 0x3f)) {
+        result = decodeSubgroupStream(view)
+      } else if (firstByte === 0x05) {
+        result = decodeFetchStream(view)
+      } else {
+        controller.error(
+          new DecodeError(
+            'CONSTRAINT_VIOLATION',
+            `Unknown data stream type: 0x${firstByte.toString(16)}`,
+            0,
+          ),
+        )
+        return
+      }
+
+      if (!result.ok) {
+        controller.error(result.error)
+        return
+      }
+
+      const stream = result.value
+      if (stream.type === 'subgroup') {
+        controller.enqueue({
+          type: 'subgroup_header',
+          trackAlias: stream.trackAlias,
+          groupId: stream.groupId,
+          subgroupId: stream.subgroupId,
+          publisherPriority: stream.publisherPriority,
+        })
+        for (const obj of stream.objects) {
+          controller.enqueue(obj)
+        }
+      } else if (stream.type === 'fetch') {
+        controller.enqueue({
+          type: 'fetch_header',
+          requestId: stream.requestId,
+        })
+        for (const obj of stream.objects) {
+          controller.enqueue(obj)
+        }
+      }
+    },
+  })
+}