@moqtap/codec 0.2.2 → 0.3.0

package/src/drafts/draft14/codec.ts

@@ -1,1034 +1,1347 @@
-import { bytesToHex, hexToBytes } from "../../core/hex.js";
-import { BufferReader } from "../../core/buffer-reader.js";
-import { BufferWriter } from "../../core/buffer-writer.js";
-import type { BaseCodec, DecodeResult } from "../../core/types.js";
-import { DecodeError } from "../../core/types.js";
-import {
-  MESSAGE_ID_MAP,
-  MSG_CLIENT_SETUP,
-  MSG_FETCH,
-  MSG_FETCH_CANCEL,
-  MSG_FETCH_ERROR,
-  MSG_FETCH_OK,
-  MSG_GOAWAY,
-  MSG_MAX_REQUEST_ID,
-  MSG_PUBLISH,
-  MSG_PUBLISH_DONE,
-  MSG_PUBLISH_ERROR,
-  MSG_PUBLISH_NAMESPACE,
-  MSG_PUBLISH_NAMESPACE_CANCEL,
-  MSG_PUBLISH_NAMESPACE_DONE,
-  MSG_PUBLISH_NAMESPACE_ERROR,
-  MSG_PUBLISH_NAMESPACE_OK,
-  MSG_PUBLISH_OK,
-  MSG_REQUESTS_BLOCKED,
-  MSG_SERVER_SETUP,
-  MSG_SUBSCRIBE,
-  MSG_SUBSCRIBE_ERROR,
-  MSG_SUBSCRIBE_NAMESPACE,
-  MSG_SUBSCRIBE_NAMESPACE_ERROR,
-  MSG_SUBSCRIBE_NAMESPACE_OK,
-  MSG_SUBSCRIBE_OK,
-  MSG_SUBSCRIBE_UPDATE,
-  MSG_TRACK_STATUS,
-  MSG_TRACK_STATUS_ERROR,
-  MSG_TRACK_STATUS_OK,
-  MSG_UNSUBSCRIBE,
-  MSG_UNSUBSCRIBE_NAMESPACE,
-  PARAM_MAX_REQUEST_ID,
-  PARAM_PATH,
-  PARAM_ROLE,
-} from "./messages.js";
-import type {
-  DatagramObject,
-  DataStreamEvent,
-  Draft14DataStream,
-  Draft14Message,
-  Draft14Params,
-  FetchObjectPayload,
-  FetchStream,
-  FetchStreamHeader,
-  ObjectPayload,
-  SubgroupStream,
-  SubgroupStreamHeader,
-  UnknownParam,
-} from "./types.js";
-// ─── Parameter Encoding/Decoding ───────────────────────────────────────────────
-
-function encodeParams(params: Draft14Params, writer: BufferWriter): void {
-  // Count total params
-  let count = 0;
-  if (params.role !== undefined) count++;
-  if (params.path !== undefined) count++;
-  if (params.max_request_id !== undefined) count++;
-  if (params.unknown) count += params.unknown.length;
-
-  writer.writeVarInt(count);
-
-  // ROLE (0x00) - even, varint value
-  if (params.role !== undefined) {
-    writer.writeVarInt(PARAM_ROLE);
-    writer.writeVarInt(params.role);
-  }
-
-  // PATH (0x01) - odd, length-prefixed bytes
-  if (params.path !== undefined) {
-    writer.writeVarInt(PARAM_PATH);
-    const encoded = new TextEncoder().encode(params.path);
-    writer.writeVarInt(encoded.byteLength);
-    writer.writeBytes(encoded);
-  }
-
-  // MAX_REQUEST_ID (0x02) - even, varint value
-  if (params.max_request_id !== undefined) {
-    writer.writeVarInt(PARAM_MAX_REQUEST_ID);
-    writer.writeVarInt(params.max_request_id);
-  }
-
-  // Unknown params
-  if (params.unknown) {
-    for (const u of params.unknown) {
-      const id = BigInt(u.id);
-      writer.writeVarInt(id);
-      const raw = hexToBytes(u.raw_hex);
-      writer.writeVarInt(raw.byteLength);
-      writer.writeBytes(raw);
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-function decodeParams(reader: BufferReader): Draft14Params {
-  const count = Number(reader.readVarInt());
-  const result: Draft14Params = {};
-  const unknown: UnknownParam[] = [];
-
-  for (let i = 0; i < count; i++) {
-    const paramType = reader.readVarInt();
-
-    if (paramType % 2n === 0n) {
-      // Even: value is a varint directly
-      const value = reader.readVarInt();
-      if (paramType === PARAM_ROLE) {
-        result.role = value;
-      } else if (paramType === PARAM_MAX_REQUEST_ID) {
-        result.max_request_id = value;
-      } else {
-        // Unknown even param — encode the varint value as raw bytes
-        const tmpWriter = new BufferWriter(16);
-        tmpWriter.writeVarInt(value);
-        const raw = tmpWriter.finish();
-        unknown.push({
-          id: `0x${paramType.toString(16)}`,
-          length: raw.byteLength,
-          raw_hex: bytesToHex(raw),
-        });
-      }
-    } else {
-      // Odd: value is length-prefixed bytes
-      const length = Number(reader.readVarInt());
-      const bytes = reader.readBytes(length);
-      if (paramType === PARAM_PATH) {
-        result.path = new TextDecoder().decode(bytes);
-      } else {
-        unknown.push({
-          id: `0x${paramType.toString(16)}`,
-          length,
-          raw_hex: bytesToHex(bytes),
-        });
-      }
-    }
-  }
-
-  if (unknown.length > 0) {
-    result.unknown = unknown;
-  }
-
-  return result;
-}
-
-// ─── Payload Encoders ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
-
-function encodeClientSetupPayload(
-  msg: Draft14Message & { type: "client_setup" },
-  w: BufferWriter,
-): void {
-  w.writeVarInt(msg.supported_versions.length);
-  for (const v of msg.supported_versions) {
-    w.writeVarInt(v);
-  }
-  encodeParams(msg.parameters, w);
-}
-
-function encodeServerSetupPayload(
-  msg: Draft14Message & { type: "server_setup" },
-  w: BufferWriter,
-): void {
-  w.writeVarInt(msg.selected_version);
-  encodeParams(msg.parameters, w);
-}
-
-function encodeSubscribePayload(
-  msg: Draft14Message & { type: "subscribe" },
-  w: BufferWriter,
-): void {
-  w.writeVarInt(msg.request_id);
-  w.writeTuple(msg.track_namespace);
-  w.writeString(msg.track_name);
-  w.writeUint8(Number(msg.subscriber_priority));
-  w.writeVarInt(msg.group_order);
-  w.writeVarInt(msg.forward);
-  w.writeVarInt(msg.filter_type);
-  const ft = Number(msg.filter_type);
-  if (ft >= 3) {
-    w.writeVarInt(msg.start_group!);
-    w.writeVarInt(msg.start_object!);
-  }
-  if (ft === 4) {
-    w.writeVarInt(msg.end_group!);
-  }
-  encodeParams(msg.parameters, w);
-}
-
-function encodeSubscribeOkPayload(
-  msg: Draft14Message & { type: "subscribe_ok" },
-  w: BufferWriter,
-): void {
-  w.writeVarInt(msg.request_id);
-  w.writeVarInt(msg.track_alias);
-  w.writeVarInt(msg.expires);
-  w.writeVarInt(msg.group_order);
-  w.writeVarInt(msg.content_exists);
-  if (Number(msg.content_exists) === 1) {
-    w.writeVarInt(msg.largest_group!);
-    w.writeVarInt(msg.largest_object!);
-  }
-  encodeParams(msg.parameters, w);
-}
-
-function encodeSubscribeUpdatePayload(
-  msg: Draft14Message & { type: "subscribe_update" },
-  w: BufferWriter,
-): void {
-  w.writeVarInt(msg.request_id);
-  w.writeVarInt(msg.start_group);
-  w.writeVarInt(msg.start_object);
-  w.writeVarInt(msg.end_group);
-  w.writeUint8(Number(msg.subscriber_priority));
-  w.writeVarInt(msg.forward);
-  encodeParams(msg.parameters, w);
-}
-
-function encodeSubscribeErrorPayload(
-  msg: Draft14Message & { type: "subscribe_error" },
-  w: BufferWriter,
-): void {
-  w.writeVarInt(msg.request_id);
-  w.writeVarInt(msg.error_code);
-  w.writeString(msg.reason_phrase);
-}
-
-function encodeUnsubscribePayload(
-  msg: Draft14Message & { type: "unsubscribe" },
-  w: BufferWriter,
-): void {
-  w.writeVarInt(msg.request_id);
-}
-
-function encodePublishPayload(msg: Draft14Message & { type: "publish" }, w: BufferWriter): void {
-  w.writeVarInt(msg.request_id);
-  w.writeTuple(msg.track_namespace);
-  w.writeString(msg.track_name);
-  w.writeVarInt(msg.forward);
-  encodeParams(msg.parameters, w);
-}
-
-function encodePublishOkPayload(
-  msg: Draft14Message & { type: "publish_ok" },
-  w: BufferWriter,
-): void {
-  w.writeVarInt(msg.request_id);
-  w.writeVarInt(msg.track_alias);
-  w.writeVarInt(msg.forward);
-  encodeParams(msg.parameters, w);
-}
-
-function encodePublishErrorPayload(
-  msg: Draft14Message & { type: "publish_error" },
-  w: BufferWriter,
-): void {
-  w.writeVarInt(msg.request_id);
-  w.writeVarInt(msg.error_code);
-  w.writeString(msg.reason_phrase);
-}
-
-function encodePublishDonePayload(
-  msg: Draft14Message & { type: "publish_done" },
-  w: BufferWriter,
-): void {
-  w.writeVarInt(msg.request_id);
-  w.writeVarInt(msg.status_code);
-  w.writeString(msg.reason_phrase);
-}
-
-function encodePublishNamespacePayload(
-  msg: Draft14Message & { type: "publish_namespace" },
-  w: BufferWriter,
-): void {
-  w.writeVarInt(msg.request_id);
-  w.writeTuple(msg.track_namespace);
-  encodeParams(msg.parameters, w);
-}
-
-function encodePublishNamespaceOkPayload(
-  msg: Draft14Message & { type: "publish_namespace_ok" },
-  w: BufferWriter,
-): void {
-  w.writeVarInt(msg.request_id);
-  encodeParams(msg.parameters, w);
-}
-
-function encodePublishNamespaceErrorPayload(
-  msg: Draft14Message & { type: "publish_namespace_error" },
-  w: BufferWriter,
-): void {
-  w.writeVarInt(msg.request_id);
-  w.writeVarInt(msg.error_code);
-  w.writeString(msg.reason_phrase);
-}
-
-function encodePublishNamespaceDonePayload(
-  msg: Draft14Message & { type: "publish_namespace_done" },
-  w: BufferWriter,
-): void {
-  w.writeVarInt(msg.request_id);
-  w.writeVarInt(msg.status_code);
-  w.writeString(msg.reason_phrase);
-}
-
-function encodePublishNamespaceCancelPayload(
-  msg: Draft14Message & { type: "publish_namespace_cancel" },
-  w: BufferWriter,
-): void {
-  w.writeVarInt(msg.request_id);
-}
-
-function encodeSubscribeNamespacePayload(
-  msg: Draft14Message & { type: "subscribe_namespace" },
-  w: BufferWriter,
-): void {
-  w.writeVarInt(msg.request_id);
-  w.writeTuple(msg.namespace_prefix);
-  encodeParams(msg.parameters, w);
-}
-
-function encodeSubscribeNamespaceOkPayload(
-  msg: Draft14Message & { type: "subscribe_namespace_ok" },
-  w: BufferWriter,
-): void {
-  w.writeVarInt(msg.request_id);
-  encodeParams(msg.parameters, w);
-}
-
-function encodeSubscribeNamespaceErrorPayload(
-  msg: Draft14Message & { type: "subscribe_namespace_error" },
-  w: BufferWriter,
-): void {
-  w.writeVarInt(msg.request_id);
-  w.writeVarInt(msg.error_code);
-  w.writeString(msg.reason_phrase);
-}
-
-function encodeUnsubscribeNamespacePayload(
-  msg: Draft14Message & { type: "unsubscribe_namespace" },
-  w: BufferWriter,
-): void {
-  w.writeVarInt(msg.request_id);
-}
-
-function encodeFetchPayload(msg: Draft14Message & { type: "fetch" }, w: BufferWriter): void {
-  w.writeVarInt(msg.request_id);
-  w.writeTuple(msg.track_namespace);
-  w.writeString(msg.track_name);
-  w.writeVarInt(msg.start_group);
-  w.writeVarInt(msg.start_object);
-  w.writeVarInt(msg.end_group);
-  encodeParams(msg.parameters, w);
-}
-
-function encodeFetchOkPayload(msg: Draft14Message & { type: "fetch_ok" }, w: BufferWriter): void {
-  w.writeVarInt(msg.request_id);
-  w.writeVarInt(msg.track_alias);
-  w.writeVarInt(msg.end_of_track);
-  encodeParams(msg.parameters, w);
-}
-
-function encodeFetchErrorPayload(
-  msg: Draft14Message & { type: "fetch_error" },
-  w: BufferWriter,
-): void {
-  w.writeVarInt(msg.request_id);
-  w.writeVarInt(msg.error_code);
-  w.writeString(msg.reason_phrase);
-}
-
-function encodeFetchCancelPayload(
-  msg: Draft14Message & { type: "fetch_cancel" },
-  w: BufferWriter,
-): void {
-  w.writeVarInt(msg.request_id);
-}
-
-function encodeTrackStatusPayload(
-  msg: Draft14Message & { type: "track_status" },
-  w: BufferWriter,
-): void {
-  w.writeVarInt(msg.request_id);
-  w.writeTuple(msg.track_namespace);
-  w.writeString(msg.track_name);
-  encodeParams(msg.parameters, w);
-}
-
-function encodeTrackStatusOkPayload(
-  msg: Draft14Message & { type: "track_status_ok" },
-  w: BufferWriter,
-): void {
-  w.writeVarInt(msg.request_id);
-  w.writeVarInt(msg.status_code);
-  const sc = Number(msg.status_code);
-  if (sc === 0 || sc === 3) {
-    w.writeVarInt(msg.largest_group!);
-    w.writeVarInt(msg.largest_object!);
-  }
-  encodeParams(msg.parameters, w);
-}
-
-function encodeTrackStatusErrorPayload(
-  msg: Draft14Message & { type: "track_status_error" },
-  w: BufferWriter,
-): void {
-  w.writeVarInt(msg.request_id);
-  w.writeVarInt(msg.error_code);
-  w.writeString(msg.reason_phrase);
-}
-
-function encodeGoAwayPayload(msg: Draft14Message & { type: "goaway" }, w: BufferWriter): void {
-  w.writeString(msg.new_session_uri);
-}
-
-function encodeMaxRequestIdPayload(
-  msg: Draft14Message & { type: "max_request_id" },
-  w: BufferWriter,
-): void {
-  w.writeVarInt(msg.request_id);
-}
-
-function encodeRequestsBlockedPayload(
-  msg: Draft14Message & { type: "requests_blocked" },
-  w: BufferWriter,
-): void {
-  w.writeVarInt(msg.request_id);
-}
-
-// ─── Payload Decoders ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
-
-function decodeClientSetupPayload(r: BufferReader): Draft14Message {
-  const numVersions = Number(r.readVarInt());
-  if (numVersions === 0) {
-    throw new DecodeError(
-      "CONSTRAINT_VIOLATION",
-      "CLIENT_SETUP must offer at least one version",
-      r.offset,
-    );
-  }
-  const supported_versions: bigint[] = [];
-  for (let i = 0; i < numVersions; i++) {
-    supported_versions.push(r.readVarInt());
-  }
-  const parameters = decodeParams(r);
-  return { type: "client_setup", supported_versions, parameters };
-}
-
-function decodeServerSetupPayload(r: BufferReader): Draft14Message {
-  const selected_version = r.readVarInt();
-  const parameters = decodeParams(r);
-  return { type: "server_setup", selected_version, parameters };
-}
-
-function decodeSubscribePayload(r: BufferReader): Draft14Message {
-  const request_id = r.readVarInt();
-  const track_namespace = r.readTuple();
-  const track_name = r.readString();
-  const subscriber_priority = BigInt(r.readUint8());
-  const group_order = r.readVarInt();
-  const forward = r.readVarInt();
-  const filter_type = r.readVarInt();
-  const ft = Number(filter_type);
-
-  if (ft < 1 || ft > 4) {
-    throw new DecodeError("CONSTRAINT_VIOLATION", `Invalid filter_type: ${ft}`, r.offset);
-  }
-
-  let start_group: bigint | undefined;
-  let start_object: bigint | undefined;
-  let end_group: bigint | undefined;
-
-  if (ft >= 3) {
-    start_group = r.readVarInt();
-    start_object = r.readVarInt();
-  }
-  if (ft === 4) {
-    end_group = r.readVarInt();
-  }
-
-  const parameters = decodeParams(r);
-
-  const msg: Draft14Message & { type: "subscribe" } = {
-    type: "subscribe",
-    request_id,
-    track_namespace,
-    track_name,
-    subscriber_priority,
-    group_order,
-    forward,
-    filter_type,
-    parameters,
-  };
-
-  if (start_group !== undefined) {
-    return { ...msg, start_group, start_object, end_group } as Draft14Message;
-  }
-
-  return msg;
-}
-
-function decodeSubscribeOkPayload(r: BufferReader): Draft14Message {
-  const request_id = r.readVarInt();
-  const track_alias = r.readVarInt();
-  const expires = r.readVarInt();
-  const group_order = r.readVarInt();
-  const content_exists = r.readVarInt();
-
-  let largest_group: bigint | undefined;
-  let largest_object: bigint | undefined;
-
-  if (Number(content_exists) === 1) {
-    largest_group = r.readVarInt();
-    largest_object = r.readVarInt();
-  }
-
-  const parameters = decodeParams(r);
-
-  const msg: Draft14Message = {
-    type: "subscribe_ok",
-    request_id,
-    track_alias,
-    expires,
-    group_order,
-    content_exists,
-    parameters,
-    ...(largest_group !== undefined ? { largest_group, largest_object } : {}),
-  } as Draft14Message;
-
-  return msg;
-}
-
-function decodeSubscribeUpdatePayload(r: BufferReader): Draft14Message {
-  const request_id = r.readVarInt();
-  const start_group = r.readVarInt();
-  const start_object = r.readVarInt();
-  const end_group = r.readVarInt();
-  const subscriber_priority = BigInt(r.readUint8());
-  const forward = r.readVarInt();
-  const parameters = decodeParams(r);
-  return {
-    type: "subscribe_update",
-    request_id,
-    start_group,
-    start_object,
-    end_group,
-    subscriber_priority,
-    forward,
-    parameters,
-  };
-}
-
-function decodeSubscribeErrorPayload(r: BufferReader): Draft14Message {
-  const request_id = r.readVarInt();
-  const error_code = r.readVarInt();
-  const reason_phrase = r.readString();
-  return { type: "subscribe_error", request_id, error_code, reason_phrase };
-}
-
-function decodeUnsubscribePayload(r: BufferReader): Draft14Message {
-  const request_id = r.readVarInt();
-  return { type: "unsubscribe", request_id };
-}
-
-function decodePublishPayload(r: BufferReader): Draft14Message {
-  const request_id = r.readVarInt();
-  const track_namespace = r.readTuple();
-  const track_name = r.readString();
-  const forward = r.readVarInt();
-  const parameters = decodeParams(r);
-  return { type: "publish", request_id, track_namespace, track_name, forward, parameters };
-}
-
-function decodePublishOkPayload(r: BufferReader): Draft14Message {
-  const request_id = r.readVarInt();
-  const track_alias = r.readVarInt();
-  const forward = r.readVarInt();
-  const parameters = decodeParams(r);
-  return { type: "publish_ok", request_id, track_alias, forward, parameters };
-}
-
-function decodePublishErrorPayload(r: BufferReader): Draft14Message {
-  const request_id = r.readVarInt();
-  const error_code = r.readVarInt();
-  const reason_phrase = r.readString();
-  return { type: "publish_error", request_id, error_code, reason_phrase };
-}
-
-function decodePublishDonePayload(r: BufferReader): Draft14Message {
-  const request_id = r.readVarInt();
-  const status_code = r.readVarInt();
-  const reason_phrase = r.readString();
-  return { type: "publish_done", request_id, status_code, reason_phrase };
-}
-
-function decodePublishNamespacePayload(r: BufferReader): Draft14Message {
-  const request_id = r.readVarInt();
-  const track_namespace = r.readTuple();
-  const parameters = decodeParams(r);
-  return { type: "publish_namespace", request_id, track_namespace, parameters };
-}
-
-function decodePublishNamespaceOkPayload(r: BufferReader): Draft14Message {
-  const request_id = r.readVarInt();
-  const parameters = decodeParams(r);
-  return { type: "publish_namespace_ok", request_id, parameters };
-}
-
-function decodePublishNamespaceErrorPayload(r: BufferReader): Draft14Message {
-  const request_id = r.readVarInt();
-  const error_code = r.readVarInt();
-  const reason_phrase = r.readString();
-  return { type: "publish_namespace_error", request_id, error_code, reason_phrase };
-}
-
-function decodePublishNamespaceDonePayload(r: BufferReader): Draft14Message {
-  const request_id = r.readVarInt();
-  const status_code = r.readVarInt();
-  const reason_phrase = r.readString();
-  return { type: "publish_namespace_done", request_id, status_code, reason_phrase };
-}
-
-function decodePublishNamespaceCancelPayload(r: BufferReader): Draft14Message {
-  const request_id = r.readVarInt();
-  return { type: "publish_namespace_cancel", request_id };
-}
-
-function decodeSubscribeNamespacePayload(r: BufferReader): Draft14Message {
-  const request_id = r.readVarInt();
-  const namespace_prefix = r.readTuple();
-  const parameters = decodeParams(r);
-  return { type: "subscribe_namespace", request_id, namespace_prefix, parameters };
-}
-
-function decodeSubscribeNamespaceOkPayload(r: BufferReader): Draft14Message {
-  const request_id = r.readVarInt();
-  const parameters = decodeParams(r);
-  return { type: "subscribe_namespace_ok", request_id, parameters };
-}
-
-function decodeSubscribeNamespaceErrorPayload(r: BufferReader): Draft14Message {
-  const request_id = r.readVarInt();
-  const error_code = r.readVarInt();
-  const reason_phrase = r.readString();
-  return { type: "subscribe_namespace_error", request_id, error_code, reason_phrase };
-}
-
-function decodeUnsubscribeNamespacePayload(r: BufferReader): Draft14Message {
-  const request_id = r.readVarInt();
-  return { type: "unsubscribe_namespace", request_id };
-}
-
-function decodeFetchPayload(r: BufferReader): Draft14Message {
-  const request_id = r.readVarInt();
-  const track_namespace = r.readTuple();
-  const track_name = r.readString();
-  const start_group = r.readVarInt();
-  const start_object = r.readVarInt();
-  const end_group = r.readVarInt();
-  const parameters = decodeParams(r);
-  return {
-    type: "fetch",
-    request_id,
-    track_namespace,
-    track_name,
-    start_group,
-    start_object,
-    end_group,
-    parameters,
-  };
-}
-
-function decodeFetchOkPayload(r: BufferReader): Draft14Message {
-  const request_id = r.readVarInt();
-  const track_alias = r.readVarInt();
-  const end_of_track = r.readVarInt();
-  const parameters = decodeParams(r);
-  return { type: "fetch_ok", request_id, track_alias, end_of_track, parameters };
-}
-
-function decodeFetchErrorPayload(r: BufferReader): Draft14Message {
-  const request_id = r.readVarInt();
-  const error_code = r.readVarInt();
-  const reason_phrase = r.readString();
-  return { type: "fetch_error", request_id, error_code, reason_phrase };
-}
-
-function decodeFetchCancelPayload(r: BufferReader): Draft14Message {
-  const request_id = r.readVarInt();
-  return { type: "fetch_cancel", request_id };
-}
-
-function decodeTrackStatusPayload(r: BufferReader): Draft14Message {
-  const request_id = r.readVarInt();
-  const track_namespace = r.readTuple();
-  const track_name = r.readString();
-  const parameters = decodeParams(r);
-  return { type: "track_status", request_id, track_namespace, track_name, parameters };
-}
-
-function decodeTrackStatusOkPayload(r: BufferReader): Draft14Message {
-  const request_id = r.readVarInt();
-  const status_code = r.readVarInt();
-  const sc = Number(status_code);
-
-  let largest_group: bigint | undefined;
-  let largest_object: bigint | undefined;
-
-  if (sc === 0 || sc === 3) {
-    largest_group = r.readVarInt();
-    largest_object = r.readVarInt();
-  }
-
-  const parameters = decodeParams(r);
-
-  return {
-    type: "track_status_ok",
-    request_id,
-    status_code,
-    parameters,
-    ...(largest_group !== undefined ? { largest_group, largest_object } : {}),
-  } as Draft14Message;
-}
-
-function decodeTrackStatusErrorPayload(r: BufferReader): Draft14Message {
-  const request_id = r.readVarInt();
-  const error_code = r.readVarInt();
-  const reason_phrase = r.readString();
-  return { type: "track_status_error", request_id, error_code, reason_phrase };
-}
-
-function decodeGoAwayPayload(r: BufferReader): Draft14Message {
-  const new_session_uri = r.readString();
-  return { type: "goaway", new_session_uri };
-}
-
-function decodeMaxRequestIdPayload(r: BufferReader): Draft14Message {
-  const request_id = r.readVarInt();
-  return { type: "max_request_id", request_id };
-}
-
-function decodeRequestsBlockedPayload(r: BufferReader): Draft14Message {
-  const request_id = r.readVarInt();
-  return { type: "requests_blocked", request_id };
-}
-
-// ─── Payload dispatch tables ───────────────────────────────────────────────────
-
-const payloadDecoders: ReadonlyMap<bigint, (r: BufferReader) => Draft14Message> = new Map([
-  [MSG_CLIENT_SETUP, decodeClientSetupPayload],
-  [MSG_SERVER_SETUP, decodeServerSetupPayload],
-  [MSG_SUBSCRIBE, decodeSubscribePayload],
-  [MSG_SUBSCRIBE_OK, decodeSubscribeOkPayload],
-  [MSG_SUBSCRIBE_UPDATE, decodeSubscribeUpdatePayload],
-  [MSG_SUBSCRIBE_ERROR, decodeSubscribeErrorPayload],
-  [MSG_UNSUBSCRIBE, decodeUnsubscribePayload],
-  [MSG_PUBLISH, decodePublishPayload],
-  [MSG_PUBLISH_OK, decodePublishOkPayload],
-  [MSG_PUBLISH_ERROR, decodePublishErrorPayload],
-  [MSG_PUBLISH_DONE, decodePublishDonePayload],
-  [MSG_PUBLISH_NAMESPACE, decodePublishNamespacePayload],
-  [MSG_PUBLISH_NAMESPACE_OK, decodePublishNamespaceOkPayload],
-  [MSG_PUBLISH_NAMESPACE_ERROR, decodePublishNamespaceErrorPayload],
-  [MSG_PUBLISH_NAMESPACE_DONE, decodePublishNamespaceDonePayload],
-  [MSG_PUBLISH_NAMESPACE_CANCEL, decodePublishNamespaceCancelPayload],
-  [MSG_SUBSCRIBE_NAMESPACE, decodeSubscribeNamespacePayload],
-  [MSG_SUBSCRIBE_NAMESPACE_OK, decodeSubscribeNamespaceOkPayload],
-  [MSG_SUBSCRIBE_NAMESPACE_ERROR, decodeSubscribeNamespaceErrorPayload],
-  [MSG_UNSUBSCRIBE_NAMESPACE, decodeUnsubscribeNamespacePayload],
-  [MSG_FETCH, decodeFetchPayload],
-  [MSG_FETCH_OK, decodeFetchOkPayload],
-  [MSG_FETCH_ERROR, decodeFetchErrorPayload],
-  [MSG_FETCH_CANCEL, decodeFetchCancelPayload],
-  [MSG_TRACK_STATUS, decodeTrackStatusPayload],
-  [MSG_TRACK_STATUS_OK, decodeTrackStatusOkPayload],
-  [MSG_TRACK_STATUS_ERROR, decodeTrackStatusErrorPayload],
-  [MSG_GOAWAY, decodeGoAwayPayload],
-  [MSG_MAX_REQUEST_ID, decodeMaxRequestIdPayload],
-  [MSG_REQUESTS_BLOCKED, decodeRequestsBlockedPayload],
-]);
-
-// ─── Public API ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
-
-/**
- * Encode a draft-14 control message with type(varint) + length(uint16 BE) + payload.
- */
-export function encodeMessage(message: Draft14Message): Uint8Array {
-  const typeId = MESSAGE_ID_MAP.get(message.type);
-  if (typeId === undefined) {
-    throw new Error(`Unknown message type: ${message.type}`);
-  }
-
-  // Encode payload into a separate buffer
-  const payloadWriter = new BufferWriter();
-  encodePayload(message, payloadWriter);
-  const payload = payloadWriter.finish();
-
-  if (payload.byteLength > 0xffff) {
-    throw new Error(`Payload too large for 16-bit length: ${payload.byteLength}`);
-  }
-
-  // Write framed message: type(varint) + length(uint16 BE) + payload
-  const writer = new BufferWriter();
-  writer.writeVarInt(typeId);
-  writer.writeUint8((payload.byteLength >> 8) & 0xff);
-  writer.writeUint8(payload.byteLength & 0xff);
-  writer.writeBytes(payload);
-
-  return writer.finish();
-}
-
-function encodePayload(msg: Draft14Message, w: BufferWriter): void {
-  switch (msg.type) {
-    case "client_setup":
-      return encodeClientSetupPayload(msg, w);
-    case "server_setup":
-      return encodeServerSetupPayload(msg, w);
-    case "subscribe":
-      return encodeSubscribePayload(msg, w);
-    case "subscribe_ok":
-      return encodeSubscribeOkPayload(msg, w);
-    case "subscribe_update":
-      return encodeSubscribeUpdatePayload(msg, w);
-    case "subscribe_error":
-      return encodeSubscribeErrorPayload(msg, w);
-    case "unsubscribe":
-      return encodeUnsubscribePayload(msg, w);
-    case "publish":
-      return encodePublishPayload(msg, w);
-    case "publish_ok":
-      return encodePublishOkPayload(msg, w);
-    case "publish_error":
-      return encodePublishErrorPayload(msg, w);
-    case "publish_done":
-      return encodePublishDonePayload(msg, w);
-    case "publish_namespace":
-      return encodePublishNamespacePayload(msg, w);
-    case "publish_namespace_ok":
-      return encodePublishNamespaceOkPayload(msg, w);
-    case "publish_namespace_error":
-      return encodePublishNamespaceErrorPayload(msg, w);
-    case "publish_namespace_done":
-      return encodePublishNamespaceDonePayload(msg, w);
-    case "publish_namespace_cancel":
-      return encodePublishNamespaceCancelPayload(msg, w);
-    case "subscribe_namespace":
-      return encodeSubscribeNamespacePayload(msg, w);
-    case "subscribe_namespace_ok":
-      return encodeSubscribeNamespaceOkPayload(msg, w);
-    case "subscribe_namespace_error":
-      return encodeSubscribeNamespaceErrorPayload(msg, w);
-    case "unsubscribe_namespace":
-      return encodeUnsubscribeNamespacePayload(msg, w);
-    case "fetch":
-      return encodeFetchPayload(msg, w);
-    case "fetch_ok":
-      return encodeFetchOkPayload(msg, w);
-    case "fetch_error":
-      return encodeFetchErrorPayload(msg, w);
-    case "fetch_cancel":
-      return encodeFetchCancelPayload(msg, w);
-    case "track_status":
-      return encodeTrackStatusPayload(msg, w);
-    case "track_status_ok":
-      return encodeTrackStatusOkPayload(msg, w);
-    case "track_status_error":
-      return encodeTrackStatusErrorPayload(msg, w);
-    case "goaway":
-      return encodeGoAwayPayload(msg, w);
-    case "max_request_id":
-      return encodeMaxRequestIdPayload(msg, w);
-    case "requests_blocked":
-      return encodeRequestsBlockedPayload(msg, w);
-    default: {
-      const _exhaustive: never = msg;
-      throw new Error(`Unhandled message type: ${(_exhaustive as Draft14Message).type}`);
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-/**
- * Decode a draft-14 control message from bytes (type + uint16 length + payload).
- */
-export function decodeMessage(bytes: Uint8Array): DecodeResult<Draft14Message> {
-  try {
-    const reader = new BufferReader(bytes);
-    const typeId = reader.readVarInt();
-
-    // Read 16-bit big-endian payload length
-    const lenHi = reader.readUint8();
-    const lenLo = reader.readUint8();
-    const payloadLength = (lenHi << 8) | lenLo;
-
-    // Read exactly payloadLength bytes
-    const payloadBytes = reader.readBytes(payloadLength);
-    const payloadReader = new BufferReader(payloadBytes);
-
-    const decoder = payloadDecoders.get(typeId);
-    if (!decoder) {
-      return {
-        ok: false,
-        error: new DecodeError(
-          "UNKNOWN_MESSAGE_TYPE",
-          `Unknown message type ID: 0x${typeId.toString(16)}`,
-          0,
-        ),
-      };
-    }
-
-    const message = decoder(payloadReader);
-    return { ok: true, value: message, bytesRead: reader.offset };
-  } catch (e) {
-    if (e instanceof DecodeError) {
-      return { ok: false, error: e };
-    }
-    throw e;
-  }
-}
-
-// ─── Data Stream Re-exports ───────────────────────────────────────────────────
-
-import {
-  encodeSubgroupStream,
-  decodeSubgroupStream,
-  encodeDatagram,
-  decodeDatagram,
-  encodeFetchStream,
-  decodeFetchStream,
-  decodeDataStream,
-  createSubgroupStreamDecoder,
-  createFetchStreamDecoder,
-  createDataStreamDecoder,
-} from "./data-streams.js";
-
-export {
-  encodeSubgroupStream,
-  decodeSubgroupStream,
-  encodeDatagram,
-  decodeDatagram,
-  encodeFetchStream,
-  decodeFetchStream,
-  decodeDataStream,
-  createSubgroupStreamDecoder,
-  createFetchStreamDecoder,
-  createDataStreamDecoder,
-};
-
-// ─── Stream Decoders ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
-
-/**
- * Create a TransformStream that decodes a continuous byte stream (e.g. the
- * WebTransport bidirectional control stream) into individual Draft14Message
- * objects.  Uses the varint(type) + uint16_BE(length) + payload framing.
- */
-export function createStreamDecoder(): TransformStream<Uint8Array, Draft14Message> {
-  let buffer = new Uint8Array(0);
-
-  return new TransformStream<Uint8Array, Draft14Message>({
-    transform(chunk, controller) {
-      // Accumulate incoming data
-      const newBuffer = new Uint8Array(buffer.length + chunk.length);
-      newBuffer.set(buffer, 0);
-      newBuffer.set(chunk, buffer.length);
-      buffer = newBuffer;
-
-      // Try to decode messages from the buffer
-      while (buffer.length > 0) {
-        const result = decodeMessage(buffer);
-        if (!result.ok) {
-          if (result.error.code === "UNEXPECTED_END") {
-            // Need more data -- wait for next chunk
-            break;
-          }
-          // Fatal decode error
-          controller.error(result.error);
-          return;
-        }
-        controller.enqueue(result.value);
-        // Advance the buffer past the consumed bytes
-        buffer = buffer.slice(result.bytesRead);
-      }
-    },
-
-    flush(controller) {
-      // If there is remaining data in the buffer, it is a truncated message
-      if (buffer.length > 0) {
-        controller.error(
-          new DecodeError("UNEXPECTED_END", "Stream ended with incomplete message data", 0),
-        );
-      }
-    },
-  });
-}
-
-// ─── Codec Factory ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
-
-export interface Draft14Codec extends BaseCodec<Draft14Message> {
-  readonly draft: "draft-ietf-moq-transport-14";
-  encodeSubgroupStream(stream: SubgroupStream): Uint8Array;
-  encodeDatagram(dg: DatagramObject): Uint8Array;
-  encodeFetchStream(stream: FetchStream): Uint8Array;
-  decodeSubgroupStream(bytes: Uint8Array): DecodeResult<SubgroupStream>;
-  decodeDatagram(bytes: Uint8Array): DecodeResult<DatagramObject>;
-  decodeFetchStream(bytes: Uint8Array): DecodeResult<FetchStream>;
-  decodeDataStream(
-    streamType: "subgroup" | "datagram" | "fetch",
-    bytes: Uint8Array,
-  ): DecodeResult<Draft14DataStream>;
-  createStreamDecoder(): TransformStream<Uint8Array, Draft14Message>;
-  createSubgroupStreamDecoder(): TransformStream<Uint8Array, SubgroupStreamHeader | ObjectPayload>;
-  createFetchStreamDecoder(): TransformStream<Uint8Array, FetchStreamHeader | ObjectPayload>;
-  createDataStreamDecoder(): TransformStream<Uint8Array, DataStreamEvent>;
-}
-
-export function createDraft14Codec(): Draft14Codec {
-  return {
-    draft: "draft-ietf-moq-transport-14",
-    encodeMessage,
-    decodeMessage,
-    encodeSubgroupStream,
-    encodeDatagram,
-    encodeFetchStream,
-    decodeSubgroupStream,
-    decodeDatagram,
-    decodeFetchStream,
-    decodeDataStream,
-    createStreamDecoder,
-    createSubgroupStreamDecoder,
-    createFetchStreamDecoder,
-    createDataStreamDecoder,
-  };
-}
+import { BufferReader } from '../../core/buffer-reader.js'
+import { BufferWriter } from '../../core/buffer-writer.js'
+import { bytesToHex, hexToBytes } from '../../core/hex.js'
+import type { BaseCodec, DecodeResult } from '../../core/types.js'
+import { DecodeError } from '../../core/types.js'
+import {
+  MESSAGE_ID_MAP,
+  MSG_CLIENT_SETUP,
+  MSG_FETCH,
+  MSG_FETCH_CANCEL,
+  MSG_FETCH_ERROR,
+  MSG_FETCH_OK,
+  MSG_GOAWAY,
+  MSG_MAX_REQUEST_ID,
+  MSG_PUBLISH,
+  MSG_PUBLISH_DONE,
+  MSG_PUBLISH_ERROR,
+  MSG_PUBLISH_NAMESPACE,
+  MSG_PUBLISH_NAMESPACE_CANCEL,
+  MSG_PUBLISH_NAMESPACE_DONE,
+  MSG_PUBLISH_NAMESPACE_ERROR,
+  MSG_PUBLISH_NAMESPACE_OK,
+  MSG_PUBLISH_OK,
+  MSG_REQUESTS_BLOCKED,
+  MSG_SERVER_SETUP,
+  MSG_SUBSCRIBE,
+  MSG_SUBSCRIBE_ERROR,
+  MSG_SUBSCRIBE_NAMESPACE,
+  MSG_SUBSCRIBE_NAMESPACE_ERROR,
+  MSG_SUBSCRIBE_NAMESPACE_OK,
+  MSG_SUBSCRIBE_OK,
+  MSG_SUBSCRIBE_UPDATE,
+  MSG_TRACK_STATUS,
+  MSG_TRACK_STATUS_ERROR,
+  MSG_TRACK_STATUS_OK,
+  MSG_UNSUBSCRIBE,
+  MSG_UNSUBSCRIBE_NAMESPACE,
+  PARAM_MAX_REQUEST_ID,
+  PARAM_PATH,
+  PARAM_ROLE,
+} from './messages.js'
+import type {
+  AuthorizationToken,
+  DatagramObject,
+  DataStreamEvent,
+  Draft14DataStream,
+  Draft14Message,
+  Draft14Params,
+  FetchStream,
+  FetchStreamHeader,
+  Location,
+  ObjectPayload,
+  SubgroupStream,
+  SubgroupStreamHeader,
+  UnknownParam,
+} from './types.js'
+import { FetchType, FilterType } from './types.js'
+
+const textEncoder = /* @__PURE__ */ new TextEncoder()
+const textDecoder = /* @__PURE__ */ new TextDecoder()
+
+// ─── Parameter Constants ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+// Setup-only parameter IDs (CLIENT_SETUP / SERVER_SETUP)
+const PARAM_AUTHORITY = 0x05n
+const PARAM_MAX_AUTH_TOKEN_CACHE_SIZE = 0x04n
+
+// Message parameter IDs (SUBSCRIBE, PUBLISH, etc.)
+const PARAM_DELIVERY_TIMEOUT = 0x02n
+const PARAM_AUTHORIZATION_TOKEN = 0x03n
+const PARAM_MAX_CACHE_DURATION = 0x04n
+
+// ─── Parameter Encoding/Decoding ───────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+function encodeSetupParams(params: Draft14Params, writer: BufferWriter): void {
+  let count = 0
+  if (params.role !== undefined) count++
+  if (params.path !== undefined) count++
+  if (params.max_request_id !== undefined) count++
+  if (params.authority !== undefined) count++
+  if (params.max_auth_token_cache_size !== undefined) count++
+  if (params.unknown) count += params.unknown.length
+
+  writer.writeVarInt(count)
+
+  if (params.role !== undefined) {
+    writer.writeVarInt(PARAM_ROLE)
+    writer.writeVarInt(params.role)
+  }
+  if (params.path !== undefined) {
+    writer.writeVarInt(PARAM_PATH)
+    const encoded = textEncoder.encode(params.path)
+    writer.writeVarInt(encoded.byteLength)
+    writer.writeBytes(encoded)
+  }
+  if (params.max_request_id !== undefined) {
+    writer.writeVarInt(PARAM_MAX_REQUEST_ID)
+    writer.writeVarInt(params.max_request_id)
+  }
+  if (params.max_auth_token_cache_size !== undefined) {
+    writer.writeVarInt(PARAM_MAX_AUTH_TOKEN_CACHE_SIZE)
+    writer.writeVarInt(params.max_auth_token_cache_size)
+  }
+  if (params.authority !== undefined) {
+    writer.writeVarInt(PARAM_AUTHORITY)
+    const encoded = textEncoder.encode(params.authority)
+    writer.writeVarInt(encoded.byteLength)
+    writer.writeBytes(encoded)
+  }
+  if (params.unknown) {
+    for (const u of params.unknown) {
+      const id = BigInt(u.id)
+      writer.writeVarInt(id)
+      const raw = hexToBytes(u.raw_hex)
+      writer.writeVarInt(raw.byteLength)
+      writer.writeBytes(raw)
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+function decodeSetupParams(reader: BufferReader): Draft14Params {
+  const count = Number(reader.readVarInt())
+  const result: Draft14Params = {}
+  const unknown: UnknownParam[] = []
+
+  for (let i = 0; i < count; i++) {
+    const paramType = reader.readVarInt()
+
+    if (paramType % 2n === 0n) {
+      const value = reader.readVarInt()
+      if (paramType === PARAM_ROLE) {
+        result.role = value
+      } else if (paramType === PARAM_MAX_REQUEST_ID) {
+        result.max_request_id = value
+      } else if (paramType === PARAM_MAX_AUTH_TOKEN_CACHE_SIZE) {
+        result.max_auth_token_cache_size = value
+      } else {
+        const tmpWriter = new BufferWriter(16)
+        tmpWriter.writeVarInt(value)
+        const raw = tmpWriter.finish()
+        unknown.push({
+          id: `0x${paramType.toString(16)}`,
+          length: raw.byteLength,
+          raw_hex: bytesToHex(raw),
+        })
+      }
+    } else {
+      const length = Number(reader.readVarInt())
+      const bytes = reader.readBytes(length)
+      if (paramType === PARAM_PATH) {
+        result.path = textDecoder.decode(bytes)
+      } else if (paramType === PARAM_AUTHORITY) {
+        result.authority = textDecoder.decode(bytes)
+      } else {
+        unknown.push({
+          id: `0x${paramType.toString(16)}`,
+          length,
+          raw_hex: bytesToHex(bytes),
+        })
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (unknown.length > 0) result.unknown = unknown
+  return result
+}
+
+function encodeMessageParams(params: Draft14Params, writer: BufferWriter): void {
+  let count = 0
+  if (params.delivery_timeout !== undefined) count++
+  if (params.authorization_token !== undefined) count++
+  if (params.max_cache_duration !== undefined) count++
+  if (params.unknown) count += params.unknown.length
+
+  writer.writeVarInt(count)
+
+  if (params.delivery_timeout !== undefined) {
+    writer.writeVarInt(PARAM_DELIVERY_TIMEOUT)
+    writer.writeVarInt(params.delivery_timeout)
+  }
+  if (params.authorization_token !== undefined) {
+    writer.writeVarInt(PARAM_AUTHORIZATION_TOKEN)
+    const tok = params.authorization_token
+    const tmpWriter = new BufferWriter(64)
+    tmpWriter.writeVarInt(tok.alias_type)
+    if (tok.token_type !== undefined) {
+      tmpWriter.writeVarInt(tok.token_type)
+    }
+    if (tok.token_value !== undefined) {
+      tmpWriter.writeBytes(hexToBytes(tok.token_value))
+    }
+    if (tok.token_alias !== undefined) {
+      tmpWriter.writeVarInt(tok.token_alias)
+    }
+    const tokenBytes = tmpWriter.finish()
+    writer.writeVarInt(tokenBytes.byteLength)
+    writer.writeBytes(tokenBytes)
+  }
+  if (params.max_cache_duration !== undefined) {
+    writer.writeVarInt(PARAM_MAX_CACHE_DURATION)
+    writer.writeVarInt(params.max_cache_duration)
+  }
+  if (params.unknown) {
+    for (const u of params.unknown) {
+      const id = BigInt(u.id)
+      writer.writeVarInt(id)
+      const raw = hexToBytes(u.raw_hex)
+      writer.writeVarInt(raw.byteLength)
+      writer.writeBytes(raw)
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+function decodeMessageParams(reader: BufferReader): Draft14Params {
+  const count = Number(reader.readVarInt())
+  const result: Draft14Params = {}
+  const unknown: UnknownParam[] = []
+
+  for (let i = 0; i < count; i++) {
+    const paramType = reader.readVarInt()
+
+    if (paramType % 2n === 0n) {
+      const value = reader.readVarInt()
+      if (paramType === PARAM_DELIVERY_TIMEOUT) {
+        result.delivery_timeout = value
+      } else if (paramType === PARAM_MAX_CACHE_DURATION) {
+        result.max_cache_duration = value
+      } else {
+        const tmpWriter = new BufferWriter(16)
+        tmpWriter.writeVarInt(value)
+        const raw = tmpWriter.finish()
+        unknown.push({
+          id: `0x${paramType.toString(16)}`,
+          length: raw.byteLength,
+          raw_hex: bytesToHex(raw),
+        })
+      }
+    } else {
+      const length = Number(reader.readVarInt())
+      const bytes = reader.readBytes(length)
+      if (paramType === PARAM_AUTHORIZATION_TOKEN) {
+        const tokenReader = new BufferReader(bytes)
+        const alias_type = tokenReader.readVarInt()
+        const tok: Record<string, unknown> = { alias_type }
+        if (tokenReader.remaining > 0) {
+          tok.token_type = tokenReader.readVarInt()
+          if (tokenReader.remaining > 0) {
+            const tokenValue = tokenReader.readBytesView(tokenReader.remaining)
+            tok.token_value = bytesToHex(tokenValue)
+          }
+        }
+        result.authorization_token = tok as unknown as AuthorizationToken
+      } else {
+        unknown.push({
+          id: `0x${paramType.toString(16)}`,
+          length,
+          raw_hex: bytesToHex(bytes),
+        })
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (unknown.length > 0) result.unknown = unknown
+  return result
+}
+
+// ─── Payload Encoders ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+function encodeClientSetupPayload(
+  msg: Draft14Message & { type: 'client_setup' },
+  w: BufferWriter,
+): void {
+  w.writeVarInt(msg.supported_versions.length)
+  for (const v of msg.supported_versions) {
+    w.writeVarInt(v)
+  }
+  encodeSetupParams(msg.parameters, w)
+}
+
+function encodeServerSetupPayload(
+  msg: Draft14Message & { type: 'server_setup' },
+  w: BufferWriter,
+): void {
+  w.writeVarInt(msg.selected_version)
+  encodeSetupParams(msg.parameters, w)
+}
+
+function encodeSubscribePayload(
+  msg: Draft14Message & { type: 'subscribe' },
+  w: BufferWriter,
+): void {
+  w.writeVarInt(msg.request_id)
+  w.writeTuple(msg.track_namespace)
+  w.writeString(msg.track_name)
+  w.writeUint8(Number(msg.subscriber_priority))
+  w.writeUint8(Number(msg.group_order))
+  w.writeVarInt(msg.forward)
+  w.writeVarInt(msg.filter_type)
+  const ft = msg.filter_type
+  if (ft >= FilterType.AbsoluteStart) {
+    w.writeVarInt(msg.start_group!)
+    w.writeVarInt(msg.start_object!)
+  }
+  if (ft === FilterType.AbsoluteRange) {
+    w.writeVarInt(msg.end_group!)
+  }
+  encodeMessageParams(msg.parameters, w)
+}
+
+function encodeSubscribeOkPayload(
+  msg: Draft14Message & { type: 'subscribe_ok' },
+  w: BufferWriter,
+): void {
+  w.writeVarInt(msg.request_id)
+  w.writeVarInt(msg.track_alias)
+  w.writeVarInt(msg.expires)
+  w.writeUint8(Number(msg.group_order))
+  w.writeVarInt(msg.content_exists)
+  if (msg.content_exists === 1n) {
+    w.writeVarInt(msg.largest_location!.group)
+    w.writeVarInt(msg.largest_location!.object)
+  }
+  encodeMessageParams(msg.parameters, w)
+}
+
+function encodeSubscribeUpdatePayload(
+  msg: Draft14Message & { type: 'subscribe_update' },
+  w: BufferWriter,
+): void {
+  w.writeVarInt(msg.request_id)
+  w.writeVarInt(msg.subscription_request_id)
+  w.writeVarInt(msg.start_group)
+  w.writeVarInt(msg.start_object)
+  w.writeVarInt(msg.end_group)
+  w.writeUint8(Number(msg.subscriber_priority))
+  w.writeVarInt(msg.forward)
+  encodeMessageParams(msg.parameters, w)
+}
+
+function encodeSubscribeErrorPayload(
+  msg: Draft14Message & { type: 'subscribe_error' },
+  w: BufferWriter,
+): void {
+  w.writeVarInt(msg.request_id)
+  w.writeVarInt(msg.error_code)
+  w.writeString(msg.reason_phrase)
+}
+
+function encodeUnsubscribePayload(
+  msg: Draft14Message & { type: 'unsubscribe' },
+  w: BufferWriter,
+): void {
+  w.writeVarInt(msg.request_id)
+}
+
+function encodePublishPayload(msg: Draft14Message & { type: 'publish' }, w: BufferWriter): void {
+  w.writeVarInt(msg.request_id)
+  w.writeTuple(msg.track_namespace)
+  w.writeString(msg.track_name)
+  w.writeVarInt(msg.track_alias)
+  w.writeUint8(Number(msg.group_order))
+  w.writeVarInt(msg.content_exists)
+  if (msg.content_exists === 1n) {
+    w.writeVarInt(msg.largest_location!.group)
+    w.writeVarInt(msg.largest_location!.object)
+  }
+  w.writeVarInt(msg.forward)
+  encodeMessageParams(msg.parameters, w)
+}
+
+function encodePublishOkPayload(
+  msg: Draft14Message & { type: 'publish_ok' },
+  w: BufferWriter,
+): void {
+  w.writeVarInt(msg.request_id)
+  w.writeVarInt(msg.forward)
+  w.writeUint8(Number(msg.subscriber_priority))
+  w.writeUint8(Number(msg.group_order))
+  w.writeVarInt(msg.filter_type)
+  const ft = msg.filter_type
+  if (ft >= FilterType.AbsoluteStart) {
+    w.writeVarInt(msg.start_group!)
+    w.writeVarInt(msg.start_object!)
+  }
+  if (ft === FilterType.AbsoluteRange) {
+    w.writeVarInt(msg.end_group!)
+  }
+  encodeMessageParams(msg.parameters, w)
+}
+
+function encodePublishErrorPayload(
+  msg: Draft14Message & { type: 'publish_error' },
+  w: BufferWriter,
+): void {
+  w.writeVarInt(msg.request_id)
+  w.writeVarInt(msg.error_code)
+  w.writeString(msg.reason_phrase)
+}
+
+function encodePublishDonePayload(
+  msg: Draft14Message & { type: 'publish_done' },
+  w: BufferWriter,
+): void {
+  w.writeVarInt(msg.request_id)
+  w.writeVarInt(msg.status_code)
+  w.writeVarInt(msg.stream_count)
+  w.writeString(msg.reason_phrase)
+}
+
+function encodePublishNamespacePayload(
+  msg: Draft14Message & { type: 'publish_namespace' },
+  w: BufferWriter,
+): void {
+  w.writeVarInt(msg.request_id)
+  w.writeTuple(msg.track_namespace)
+  encodeMessageParams(msg.parameters, w)
+}
+
+function encodePublishNamespaceOkPayload(
+  msg: Draft14Message & { type: 'publish_namespace_ok' },
+  w: BufferWriter,
+): void {
+  w.writeVarInt(msg.request_id)
+  encodeMessageParams(msg.parameters, w)
+}
+
+function encodePublishNamespaceErrorPayload(
+  msg: Draft14Message & { type: 'publish_namespace_error' },
+  w: BufferWriter,
+): void {
+  w.writeVarInt(msg.request_id)
+  w.writeVarInt(msg.error_code)
+  w.writeString(msg.reason_phrase)
+}
+
+function encodePublishNamespaceDonePayload(
+  msg: Draft14Message & { type: 'publish_namespace_done' },
+  w: BufferWriter,
+): void {
+  w.writeTuple(msg.track_namespace)
+}
+
+function encodePublishNamespaceCancelPayload(
+  msg: Draft14Message & { type: 'publish_namespace_cancel' },
+  w: BufferWriter,
+): void {
+  w.writeTuple(msg.track_namespace)
+  w.writeVarInt(msg.error_code)
+  w.writeString(msg.reason_phrase)
+}
+
+function encodeSubscribeNamespacePayload(
+  msg: Draft14Message & { type: 'subscribe_namespace' },
+  w: BufferWriter,
+): void {
+  w.writeVarInt(msg.request_id)
+  w.writeTuple(msg.namespace_prefix)
+  encodeMessageParams(msg.parameters, w)
+}
+
+function encodeSubscribeNamespaceOkPayload(
+  msg: Draft14Message & { type: 'subscribe_namespace_ok' },
+  w: BufferWriter,
+): void {
+  w.writeVarInt(msg.request_id)
+  encodeMessageParams(msg.parameters, w)
+}
+
+function encodeSubscribeNamespaceErrorPayload(
+  msg: Draft14Message & { type: 'subscribe_namespace_error' },
+  w: BufferWriter,
+): void {
+  w.writeVarInt(msg.request_id)
+  w.writeVarInt(msg.error_code)
+  w.writeString(msg.reason_phrase)
+}
+
+function encodeUnsubscribeNamespacePayload(
+  msg: Draft14Message & { type: 'unsubscribe_namespace' },
+  w: BufferWriter,
+): void {
+  w.writeTuple(msg.track_namespace_prefix)
+}
+
+function encodeFetchPayload(msg: Draft14Message & { type: 'fetch' }, w: BufferWriter): void {
+  w.writeVarInt(msg.request_id)
+  w.writeUint8(Number(msg.subscriber_priority))
+  w.writeUint8(Number(msg.group_order))
+  w.writeVarInt(msg.fetch_type)
+  const ft = msg.fetch_type
+  if (ft === FetchType.Standalone) {
+    w.writeTuple(msg.track_namespace!)
+    w.writeString(msg.track_name!)
+    w.writeVarInt(msg.start_group!)
+    w.writeVarInt(msg.start_object!)
+    w.writeVarInt(msg.end_group!)
+    w.writeVarInt(msg.end_object!)
+  } else {
+    w.writeVarInt(msg.joining_request_id!)
+    w.writeVarInt(msg.joining_start!)
+  }
+  encodeMessageParams(msg.parameters, w)
+}
+
+function encodeFetchOkPayload(msg: Draft14Message & { type: 'fetch_ok' }, w: BufferWriter): void {
+  w.writeVarInt(msg.request_id)
+  w.writeUint8(Number(msg.group_order))
+  w.writeVarInt(msg.end_of_track)
+  w.writeVarInt(msg.end_location.group)
+  w.writeVarInt(msg.end_location.object)
+  encodeMessageParams(msg.parameters, w)
+}
+
+function encodeFetchErrorPayload(
+  msg: Draft14Message & { type: 'fetch_error' },
+  w: BufferWriter,
+): void {
+  w.writeVarInt(msg.request_id)
+  w.writeVarInt(msg.error_code)
+  w.writeString(msg.reason_phrase)
+}
+
+function encodeFetchCancelPayload(
+  msg: Draft14Message & { type: 'fetch_cancel' },
+  w: BufferWriter,
+): void {
+  w.writeVarInt(msg.request_id)
+}
+
+function encodeTrackStatusPayload(
+  msg: Draft14Message & { type: 'track_status' },
+  w: BufferWriter,
+): void {
+  w.writeVarInt(msg.request_id)
+  w.writeTuple(msg.track_namespace)
+  w.writeString(msg.track_name)
+  w.writeUint8(Number(msg.subscriber_priority))
+  w.writeUint8(Number(msg.group_order))
+  w.writeVarInt(msg.forward)
+  w.writeVarInt(msg.filter_type)
+  const ft = msg.filter_type
+  if (ft >= FilterType.AbsoluteStart) {
+    w.writeVarInt(msg.start_group!)
+    w.writeVarInt(msg.start_object!)
+  }
+  encodeMessageParams(msg.parameters, w)
+}
+
+function encodeTrackStatusOkPayload(
+  msg: Draft14Message & { type: 'track_status_ok' },
+  w: BufferWriter,
+): void {
+  w.writeVarInt(msg.request_id)
+  w.writeVarInt(msg.track_alias)
+  w.writeVarInt(msg.expires)
+  w.writeUint8(Number(msg.group_order))
+  w.writeVarInt(msg.content_exists)
+  if (msg.content_exists === 1n) {
+    w.writeVarInt(msg.largest_location!.group)
+    w.writeVarInt(msg.largest_location!.object)
+  }
+  encodeMessageParams(msg.parameters, w)
+}
+
+function encodeTrackStatusErrorPayload(
+  msg: Draft14Message & { type: 'track_status_error' },
+  w: BufferWriter,
+): void {
+  w.writeVarInt(msg.request_id)
+  w.writeVarInt(msg.error_code)
+  w.writeString(msg.reason_phrase)
+}
+
+function encodeGoAwayPayload(msg: Draft14Message & { type: 'goaway' }, w: BufferWriter): void {
+  w.writeString(msg.new_session_uri)
+}
+
+function encodeMaxRequestIdPayload(
+  msg: Draft14Message & { type: 'max_request_id' },
+  w: BufferWriter,
+): void {
+  w.writeVarInt(msg.request_id)
+}
+
+function encodeRequestsBlockedPayload(
+  msg: Draft14Message & { type: 'requests_blocked' },
+  w: BufferWriter,
+): void {
+  w.writeVarInt(msg.request_id)
+}
+
+// ─── Payload Decoders ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+function decodeClientSetupPayload(r: BufferReader): Draft14Message {
+  const numVersions = Number(r.readVarInt())
+  if (numVersions === 0) {
+    throw new DecodeError(
+      'CONSTRAINT_VIOLATION',
+      'CLIENT_SETUP must offer at least one version',
+      r.offset,
+    )
+  }
+  const supported_versions: bigint[] = []
+  for (let i = 0; i < numVersions; i++) {
+    supported_versions.push(r.readVarInt())
+  }
+  const parameters = decodeSetupParams(r)
+  return { type: 'client_setup', supported_versions, parameters }
+}
+
+function decodeServerSetupPayload(r: BufferReader): Draft14Message {
+  const selected_version = r.readVarInt()
+  const parameters = decodeSetupParams(r)
+  return { type: 'server_setup', selected_version, parameters }
+}
+
+function decodeSubscribePayload(r: BufferReader): Draft14Message {
+  const request_id = r.readVarInt()
+  const track_namespace = r.readTuple()
+  const track_name = r.readString()
+  const subscriber_priority = BigInt(r.readUint8())
+  const group_order = BigInt(r.readUint8())
+  const forward = r.readVarInt()
+  const filter_type = r.readVarInt()
+
+  if (filter_type < FilterType.NextGroupStart || filter_type > FilterType.AbsoluteRange) {
+    throw new DecodeError('CONSTRAINT_VIOLATION', `Invalid filter_type: ${filter_type}`, r.offset)
+  }
+
+  let start_group: bigint | undefined
+  let start_object: bigint | undefined
+  let end_group: bigint | undefined
+
+  if (filter_type >= FilterType.AbsoluteStart) {
+    start_group = r.readVarInt()
+    start_object = r.readVarInt()
+  }
+  if (filter_type === FilterType.AbsoluteRange) {
+    end_group = r.readVarInt()
+  }
+
+  const parameters = decodeMessageParams(r)
+
+  const msg: Draft14Message & { type: 'subscribe' } = {
+    type: 'subscribe',
+    request_id,
+    track_namespace,
+    track_name,
+    subscriber_priority,
+    group_order,
+    forward,
+    filter_type,
+    parameters,
+  }
+
+  if (start_group !== undefined) {
+    return { ...msg, start_group, start_object, end_group } as Draft14Message
+  }
+
+  return msg
+}
+
+function decodeSubscribeOkPayload(r: BufferReader): Draft14Message {
+  const request_id = r.readVarInt()
+  const track_alias = r.readVarInt()
+  const expires = r.readVarInt()
+  const group_order = BigInt(r.readUint8())
+  const content_exists = r.readVarInt()
+
+  let largest_location: Location | undefined
+  if (content_exists === 1n) {
+    largest_location = {
+      group: r.readVarInt(),
+      object: r.readVarInt(),
+    }
+  }
+
+  const parameters = decodeMessageParams(r)
+
+  return {
+    type: 'subscribe_ok',
+    request_id,
+    track_alias,
+    expires,
+    group_order,
+    content_exists,
+    parameters,
+    ...(largest_location !== undefined ? { largest_location } : {}),
+  } as Draft14Message
+}
+
+function decodeSubscribeUpdatePayload(r: BufferReader): Draft14Message {
+  const request_id = r.readVarInt()
+  const subscription_request_id = r.readVarInt()
+  const start_group = r.readVarInt()
+  const start_object = r.readVarInt()
+  const end_group = r.readVarInt()
+  const subscriber_priority = BigInt(r.readUint8())
+  const forward = r.readVarInt()
+  const parameters = decodeMessageParams(r)
+  return {
+    type: 'subscribe_update',
+    request_id,
+    subscription_request_id,
+    start_group,
+    start_object,
+    end_group,
+    subscriber_priority,
+    forward,
+    parameters,
+  }
+}
+
+function decodeSubscribeErrorPayload(r: BufferReader): Draft14Message {
+  const request_id = r.readVarInt()
+  const error_code = r.readVarInt()
+  const reason_phrase = r.readString()
+  return { type: 'subscribe_error', request_id, error_code, reason_phrase }
+}
+
+function decodeUnsubscribePayload(r: BufferReader): Draft14Message {
+  const request_id = r.readVarInt()
+  return { type: 'unsubscribe', request_id }
+}
+
+function decodePublishPayload(r: BufferReader): Draft14Message {
+  const request_id = r.readVarInt()
+  const track_namespace = r.readTuple()
+  const track_name = r.readString()
+  const track_alias = r.readVarInt()
+  const group_order = BigInt(r.readUint8())
+  const content_exists = r.readVarInt()
+  let largest_location: Location | undefined
+  if (content_exists === 1n) {
+    largest_location = {
+      group: r.readVarInt(),
+      object: r.readVarInt(),
+    }
+  }
+  const forward = r.readVarInt()
+  const parameters = decodeMessageParams(r)
+  return {
+    type: 'publish',
+    request_id,
+    track_namespace,
+    track_name,
+    track_alias,
+    group_order,
+    content_exists,
+    forward,
+    parameters,
+    ...(largest_location !== undefined ? { largest_location } : {}),
+  } as Draft14Message
+}
+
+function decodePublishOkPayload(r: BufferReader): Draft14Message {
+  const request_id = r.readVarInt()
+  const forward = r.readVarInt()
+  const subscriber_priority = BigInt(r.readUint8())
+  const group_order = BigInt(r.readUint8())
+  const filter_type = r.readVarInt()
+
+  let start_group: bigint | undefined
+  let start_object: bigint | undefined
+  let end_group: bigint | undefined
+
+  if (filter_type >= FilterType.AbsoluteStart) {
+    start_group = r.readVarInt()
+    start_object = r.readVarInt()
+  }
+  if (filter_type === FilterType.AbsoluteRange) {
+    end_group = r.readVarInt()
+  }
+
+  const parameters = decodeMessageParams(r)
+
+  const msg: Record<string, unknown> = {
+    type: 'publish_ok',
+    request_id,
+    forward,
+    subscriber_priority,
+    group_order,
+    filter_type,
+    parameters,
+  }
+  if (start_group !== undefined) msg.start_group = start_group
+  if (start_object !== undefined) msg.start_object = start_object
+  if (end_group !== undefined) msg.end_group = end_group
+
+  return msg as unknown as Draft14Message
+}
+
+function decodePublishErrorPayload(r: BufferReader): Draft14Message {
+  const request_id = r.readVarInt()
+  const error_code = r.readVarInt()
+  const reason_phrase = r.readString()
+  return { type: 'publish_error', request_id, error_code, reason_phrase }
+}
+
+function decodePublishDonePayload(r: BufferReader): Draft14Message {
+  const request_id = r.readVarInt()
+  const status_code = r.readVarInt()
+  const stream_count = r.readVarInt()
+  const reason_phrase = r.readString()
+  return {
+    type: 'publish_done',
+    request_id,
+    status_code,
+    stream_count,
+    reason_phrase,
+  }
+}
+
+function decodePublishNamespacePayload(r: BufferReader): Draft14Message {
+  const request_id = r.readVarInt()
+  const track_namespace = r.readTuple()
+  const parameters = decodeMessageParams(r)
+  return { type: 'publish_namespace', request_id, track_namespace, parameters }
+}
+
+function decodePublishNamespaceOkPayload(r: BufferReader): Draft14Message {
+  const request_id = r.readVarInt()
+  const parameters = decodeMessageParams(r)
+  return { type: 'publish_namespace_ok', request_id, parameters }
+}
+
+function decodePublishNamespaceErrorPayload(r: BufferReader): Draft14Message {
+  const request_id = r.readVarInt()
+  const error_code = r.readVarInt()
+  const reason_phrase = r.readString()
+  return {
+    type: 'publish_namespace_error',
+    request_id,
+    error_code,
+    reason_phrase,
+  }
+}
+
+function decodePublishNamespaceDonePayload(r: BufferReader): Draft14Message {
+  const track_namespace = r.readTuple()
+  return { type: 'publish_namespace_done', track_namespace }
+}
+
+function decodePublishNamespaceCancelPayload(r: BufferReader): Draft14Message {
+  const track_namespace = r.readTuple()
+  const error_code = r.readVarInt()
+  const reason_phrase = r.readString()
+  return {
+    type: 'publish_namespace_cancel',
+    track_namespace,
+    error_code,
+    reason_phrase,
+  }
+}
+
+function decodeSubscribeNamespacePayload(r: BufferReader): Draft14Message {
+  const request_id = r.readVarInt()
+  const namespace_prefix = r.readTuple()
+  const parameters = decodeMessageParams(r)
+  return {
+    type: 'subscribe_namespace',
+    request_id,
+    namespace_prefix,
+    parameters,
+  }
+}
+
+function decodeSubscribeNamespaceOkPayload(r: BufferReader): Draft14Message {
+  const request_id = r.readVarInt()
+  const parameters = decodeMessageParams(r)
+  return { type: 'subscribe_namespace_ok', request_id, parameters }
+}
+
+function decodeSubscribeNamespaceErrorPayload(r: BufferReader): Draft14Message {
+  const request_id = r.readVarInt()
+  const error_code = r.readVarInt()
+  const reason_phrase = r.readString()
+  return {
+    type: 'subscribe_namespace_error',
+    request_id,
+    error_code,
+    reason_phrase,
+  }
+}
+
+function decodeUnsubscribeNamespacePayload(r: BufferReader): Draft14Message {
+  const track_namespace_prefix = r.readTuple()
+  return { type: 'unsubscribe_namespace', track_namespace_prefix }
+}
+
+function decodeFetchPayload(r: BufferReader): Draft14Message {
+  const request_id = r.readVarInt()
+  const subscriber_priority = BigInt(r.readUint8())
+  const group_order = BigInt(r.readUint8())
+  const fetch_type = r.readVarInt()
+
+  if (fetch_type < FetchType.Standalone || fetch_type > FetchType.AbsoluteJoining) {
+    throw new DecodeError('CONSTRAINT_VIOLATION', `Invalid fetch_type: ${fetch_type}`, r.offset)
+  }
+
+  if (fetch_type === FetchType.Standalone) {
+    const track_namespace = r.readTuple()
+    const track_name = r.readString()
+    const start_group = r.readVarInt()
+    const start_object = r.readVarInt()
+    const end_group = r.readVarInt()
+    const end_object = r.readVarInt()
+    const parameters = decodeMessageParams(r)
+    return {
+      type: 'fetch',
+      request_id,
+      subscriber_priority,
+      group_order,
+      fetch_type,
+      track_namespace,
+      track_name,
+      start_group,
+      start_object,
+      end_group,
+      end_object,
+      parameters,
+    }
+  } else {
+    const joining_request_id = r.readVarInt()
+    const joining_start = r.readVarInt()
+    const parameters = decodeMessageParams(r)
+    return {
+      type: 'fetch',
+      request_id,
+      subscriber_priority,
+      group_order,
+      fetch_type,
+      joining_request_id,
+      joining_start,
+      parameters,
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+function decodeFetchOkPayload(r: BufferReader): Draft14Message {
+  const request_id = r.readVarInt()
+  const group_order = BigInt(r.readUint8())
+  const end_of_track = r.readVarInt()
+  const end_location: Location = {
+    group: r.readVarInt(),
+    object: r.readVarInt(),
+  }
+  const parameters = decodeMessageParams(r)
+  return {
+    type: 'fetch_ok',
+    request_id,
+    group_order,
+    end_of_track,
+    end_location,
+    parameters,
+  }
+}
+
+function decodeFetchErrorPayload(r: BufferReader): Draft14Message {
+  const request_id = r.readVarInt()
+  const error_code = r.readVarInt()
+  const reason_phrase = r.readString()
+  return { type: 'fetch_error', request_id, error_code, reason_phrase }
+}
+
+function decodeFetchCancelPayload(r: BufferReader): Draft14Message {
+  const request_id = r.readVarInt()
+  return { type: 'fetch_cancel', request_id }
+}
+
+function decodeTrackStatusPayload(r: BufferReader): Draft14Message {
+  const request_id = r.readVarInt()
+  const track_namespace = r.readTuple()
+  const track_name = r.readString()
+  const subscriber_priority = BigInt(r.readUint8())
+  const group_order = BigInt(r.readUint8())
+  const forward = r.readVarInt()
+  const filter_type = r.readVarInt()
+
+  let start_group: bigint | undefined
+  let start_object: bigint | undefined
+  if (filter_type >= FilterType.AbsoluteStart) {
+    start_group = r.readVarInt()
+    start_object = r.readVarInt()
+  }
+
+  const parameters = decodeMessageParams(r)
+
+  const msg: Record<string, unknown> = {
+    type: 'track_status',
+    request_id,
+    track_namespace,
+    track_name,
+    subscriber_priority,
+    group_order,
+    forward,
+    filter_type,
+    parameters,
+  }
+  if (start_group !== undefined) msg.start_group = start_group
+  if (start_object !== undefined) msg.start_object = start_object
+
+  return msg as unknown as Draft14Message
+}
+
+function decodeTrackStatusOkPayload(r: BufferReader): Draft14Message {
+  const request_id = r.readVarInt()
+  const track_alias = r.readVarInt()
+  const expires = r.readVarInt()
+  const group_order = BigInt(r.readUint8())
+  const content_exists = r.readVarInt()
+
+  let largest_location: Location | undefined
+  if (content_exists === 1n) {
+    largest_location = {
+      group: r.readVarInt(),
+      object: r.readVarInt(),
+    }
+  }
+
+  const parameters = decodeMessageParams(r)
+
+  return {
+    type: 'track_status_ok',
+    request_id,
+    track_alias,
+    expires,
+    group_order,
+    content_exists,
+    parameters,
+    ...(largest_location !== undefined ? { largest_location } : {}),
+  } as Draft14Message
+}
+
+function decodeTrackStatusErrorPayload(r: BufferReader): Draft14Message {
+  const request_id = r.readVarInt()
+  const error_code = r.readVarInt()
+  const reason_phrase = r.readString()
+  return { type: 'track_status_error', request_id, error_code, reason_phrase }
+}
+
+function decodeGoAwayPayload(r: BufferReader): Draft14Message {
+  const new_session_uri = r.readString()
+  return { type: 'goaway', new_session_uri }
+}
+
+function decodeMaxRequestIdPayload(r: BufferReader): Draft14Message {
+  const request_id = r.readVarInt()
+  return { type: 'max_request_id', request_id }
+}
+
+function decodeRequestsBlockedPayload(r: BufferReader): Draft14Message {
+  const request_id = r.readVarInt()
+  return { type: 'requests_blocked', request_id }
+}
+
+// ─── Payload dispatch tables ───────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+const payloadDecoders: ReadonlyMap<bigint, (r: BufferReader) => Draft14Message> = new Map([
+  [MSG_CLIENT_SETUP, decodeClientSetupPayload],
+  [MSG_SERVER_SETUP, decodeServerSetupPayload],
+  [MSG_SUBSCRIBE, decodeSubscribePayload],
+  [MSG_SUBSCRIBE_OK, decodeSubscribeOkPayload],
+  [MSG_SUBSCRIBE_UPDATE, decodeSubscribeUpdatePayload],
+  [MSG_SUBSCRIBE_ERROR, decodeSubscribeErrorPayload],
+  [MSG_UNSUBSCRIBE, decodeUnsubscribePayload],
+  [MSG_PUBLISH, decodePublishPayload],
+  [MSG_PUBLISH_OK, decodePublishOkPayload],
+  [MSG_PUBLISH_ERROR, decodePublishErrorPayload],
+  [MSG_PUBLISH_DONE, decodePublishDonePayload],
+  [MSG_PUBLISH_NAMESPACE, decodePublishNamespacePayload],
+  [MSG_PUBLISH_NAMESPACE_OK, decodePublishNamespaceOkPayload],
+  [MSG_PUBLISH_NAMESPACE_ERROR, decodePublishNamespaceErrorPayload],
+  [MSG_PUBLISH_NAMESPACE_DONE, decodePublishNamespaceDonePayload],
+  [MSG_PUBLISH_NAMESPACE_CANCEL, decodePublishNamespaceCancelPayload],
+  [MSG_SUBSCRIBE_NAMESPACE, decodeSubscribeNamespacePayload],
+  [MSG_SUBSCRIBE_NAMESPACE_OK, decodeSubscribeNamespaceOkPayload],
+  [MSG_SUBSCRIBE_NAMESPACE_ERROR, decodeSubscribeNamespaceErrorPayload],
+  [MSG_UNSUBSCRIBE_NAMESPACE, decodeUnsubscribeNamespacePayload],
+  [MSG_FETCH, decodeFetchPayload],
+  [MSG_FETCH_OK, decodeFetchOkPayload],
+  [MSG_FETCH_ERROR, decodeFetchErrorPayload],
+  [MSG_FETCH_CANCEL, decodeFetchCancelPayload],
+  [MSG_TRACK_STATUS, decodeTrackStatusPayload],
+  [MSG_TRACK_STATUS_OK, decodeTrackStatusOkPayload],
+  [MSG_TRACK_STATUS_ERROR, decodeTrackStatusErrorPayload],
+  [MSG_GOAWAY, decodeGoAwayPayload],
+  [MSG_MAX_REQUEST_ID, decodeMaxRequestIdPayload],
+  [MSG_REQUESTS_BLOCKED, decodeRequestsBlockedPayload],
+])
+
+// ─── Public API ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+/**
+ * Encode a draft-14 control message with type(varint) + length(uint16 BE) + payload.
+ */
+export function encodeMessage(message: Draft14Message): Uint8Array {
+  const typeId = MESSAGE_ID_MAP.get(message.type)
+  if (typeId === undefined) {
+    throw new Error(`Unknown message type: ${message.type}`)
+  }
+
+  // Encode payload into a separate buffer
+  const payloadWriter = new BufferWriter()
+  encodePayload(message, payloadWriter)
+  const payload = payloadWriter.finishView()
+
+  if (payload.byteLength > 0xffff) {
+    throw new Error(`Payload too large for 16-bit length: ${payload.byteLength}`)
+  }
+
+  // Write framed message: type(varint) + length(uint16 BE) + payload
+  const writer = new BufferWriter(payload.byteLength + 16)
+  writer.writeVarInt(typeId)
+  writer.writeUint8((payload.byteLength >> 8) & 0xff)
+  writer.writeUint8(payload.byteLength & 0xff)
+  writer.writeBytes(payload)
+
+  return writer.finish()
+}
+
+function encodePayload(msg: Draft14Message, w: BufferWriter): void {
+  switch (msg.type) {
+    case 'client_setup':
+      return encodeClientSetupPayload(msg, w)
+    case 'server_setup':
+      return encodeServerSetupPayload(msg, w)
+    case 'subscribe':
+      return encodeSubscribePayload(msg, w)
+    case 'subscribe_ok':
+      return encodeSubscribeOkPayload(msg, w)
+    case 'subscribe_update':
+      return encodeSubscribeUpdatePayload(msg, w)
+    case 'subscribe_error':
+      return encodeSubscribeErrorPayload(msg, w)
+    case 'unsubscribe':
+      return encodeUnsubscribePayload(msg, w)
+    case 'publish':
+      return encodePublishPayload(msg, w)
+    case 'publish_ok':
+      return encodePublishOkPayload(msg, w)
+    case 'publish_error':
+      return encodePublishErrorPayload(msg, w)
+    case 'publish_done':
+      return encodePublishDonePayload(msg, w)
+    case 'publish_namespace':
+      return encodePublishNamespacePayload(msg, w)
+    case 'publish_namespace_ok':
+      return encodePublishNamespaceOkPayload(msg, w)
+    case 'publish_namespace_error':
+      return encodePublishNamespaceErrorPayload(msg, w)
+    case 'publish_namespace_done':
+      return encodePublishNamespaceDonePayload(msg, w)
+    case 'publish_namespace_cancel':
+      return encodePublishNamespaceCancelPayload(msg, w)
+    case 'subscribe_namespace':
+      return encodeSubscribeNamespacePayload(msg, w)
+    case 'subscribe_namespace_ok':
+      return encodeSubscribeNamespaceOkPayload(msg, w)
+    case 'subscribe_namespace_error':
+      return encodeSubscribeNamespaceErrorPayload(msg, w)
+    case 'unsubscribe_namespace':
+      return encodeUnsubscribeNamespacePayload(msg, w)
+    case 'fetch':
+      return encodeFetchPayload(msg, w)
+    case 'fetch_ok':
+      return encodeFetchOkPayload(msg, w)
+    case 'fetch_error':
+      return encodeFetchErrorPayload(msg, w)
+    case 'fetch_cancel':
+      return encodeFetchCancelPayload(msg, w)
+    case 'track_status':
+      return encodeTrackStatusPayload(msg, w)
+    case 'track_status_ok':
+      return encodeTrackStatusOkPayload(msg, w)
+    case 'track_status_error':
+      return encodeTrackStatusErrorPayload(msg, w)
+    case 'goaway':
+      return encodeGoAwayPayload(msg, w)
+    case 'max_request_id':
+      return encodeMaxRequestIdPayload(msg, w)
+    case 'requests_blocked':
+      return encodeRequestsBlockedPayload(msg, w)
+    default: {
+      const _exhaustive: never = msg
+      throw new Error(`Unhandled message type: ${(_exhaustive as Draft14Message).type}`)
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Decode a draft-14 control message from bytes (type + uint16 length + payload).
+ */
+export function decodeMessage(bytes: Uint8Array): DecodeResult<Draft14Message> {
+  try {
+    const reader = new BufferReader(bytes)
+    const typeId = reader.readVarInt()
+
+    // Read 16-bit big-endian payload length
+    const lenHi = reader.readUint8()
+    const lenLo = reader.readUint8()
+    const payloadLength = (lenHi << 8) | lenLo
+
+    // Read exactly payloadLength bytes
+    const payloadBytes = reader.readBytes(payloadLength)
+    const payloadReader = new BufferReader(payloadBytes)
+
+    const decoder = payloadDecoders.get(typeId)
+    if (!decoder) {
+      return {
+        ok: false,
+        error: new DecodeError(
+          'UNKNOWN_MESSAGE_TYPE',
+          `Unknown message type ID: 0x${typeId.toString(16)}`,
+          0,
+        ),
+      }
+    }
+
+    const message = decoder(payloadReader)
+    return { ok: true, value: message, bytesRead: reader.offset }
+  } catch (e) {
+    if (e instanceof DecodeError) {
+      return { ok: false, error: e }
+    }
+    throw e
+  }
+}
+
+// ─── Data Stream Re-exports ───────────────────────────────────────���───────────
+
+import {
+  createDataStreamDecoder,
+  createFetchStreamDecoder,
+  createSubgroupStreamDecoder,
+  decodeDatagram,
+  decodeDataStream,
+  decodeFetchStream,
+  decodeSubgroupStream,
+  encodeDatagram,
+  encodeFetchStream,
+  encodeSubgroupStream,
+} from './data-streams.js'
+
+export {
+  createDataStreamDecoder,
+  createFetchStreamDecoder,
+  createSubgroupStreamDecoder,
+  decodeDatagram,
+  decodeDataStream,
+  decodeFetchStream,
+  decodeSubgroupStream,
+  encodeDatagram,
+  encodeFetchStream,
+  encodeSubgroupStream,
+}
+
+// ─── Stream Decoders ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+/**
+ * Create a TransformStream that decodes a continuous byte stream (e.g. the
+ * WebTransport bidirectional control stream) into individual Draft14Message
+ * objects.  Uses the varint(type) + uint16_BE(length) + payload framing.
+ */
+export function createStreamDecoder(): TransformStream<Uint8Array, Draft14Message> {
+  let buffer = new Uint8Array(0)
+  let offset = 0
+
+  return new TransformStream<Uint8Array, Draft14Message>({
+    transform(chunk, controller) {
+      // Compact before accumulating new data
+      if (offset > 0) {
+        buffer = buffer.subarray(offset)
+        offset = 0
+      }
+      const newBuffer = new Uint8Array(buffer.length + chunk.length)
+      newBuffer.set(buffer, 0)
+      newBuffer.set(chunk, buffer.length)
+      buffer = newBuffer
+
+      // Try to decode messages from the buffer
+      while (offset < buffer.length) {
+        const result = decodeMessage(buffer.subarray(offset))
+        if (!result.ok) {
+          if (result.error.code === 'UNEXPECTED_END') {
+            // Need more data -- wait for next chunk
+            break
+          }
+          // Fatal decode error
+          controller.error(result.error)
+          return
+        }
+        controller.enqueue(result.value)
+        // Advance offset past the consumed bytes
+        offset += result.bytesRead
+      }
+    },
+
+    flush(controller) {
+      // If there is remaining data in the buffer, it is a truncated message
+      if (offset < buffer.length) {
+        controller.error(
+          new DecodeError('UNEXPECTED_END', 'Stream ended with incomplete message data', 0),
+        )
+      }
+    },
+  })
+}
+
+// ─── Codec Factory ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+export interface Draft14Codec extends BaseCodec<Draft14Message> {
+  readonly draft: '14'
+  encodeSubgroupStream(stream: SubgroupStream): Uint8Array
+  encodeDatagram(dg: DatagramObject): Uint8Array
+  encodeFetchStream(stream: FetchStream): Uint8Array
+  decodeSubgroupStream(bytes: Uint8Array): DecodeResult<SubgroupStream>
+  decodeDatagram(bytes: Uint8Array): DecodeResult<DatagramObject>
+  decodeFetchStream(bytes: Uint8Array): DecodeResult<FetchStream>
+  decodeDataStream(
+    streamType: 'subgroup' | 'datagram' | 'fetch',
+    bytes: Uint8Array,
+  ): DecodeResult<Draft14DataStream>
+  createStreamDecoder(): TransformStream<Uint8Array, Draft14Message>
+  createSubgroupStreamDecoder(): TransformStream<Uint8Array, SubgroupStreamHeader | ObjectPayload>
+  createFetchStreamDecoder(): TransformStream<Uint8Array, FetchStreamHeader | ObjectPayload>
+  createDataStreamDecoder(): TransformStream<Uint8Array, DataStreamEvent>
+}
+
+export function createDraft14Codec(): Draft14Codec {
+  return {
+    draft: '14',
+    encodeMessage,
+    decodeMessage,
+    encodeSubgroupStream,
+    encodeDatagram,
+    encodeFetchStream,
+    decodeSubgroupStream,
+    decodeDatagram,
+    decodeFetchStream,
+    decodeDataStream,
+    createStreamDecoder,
+    createSubgroupStreamDecoder,
+    createFetchStreamDecoder,
+    createDataStreamDecoder,
+  }
+}