@math.gl/geospatial 5.0.0-alpha.2 → 5.0.0-alpha.20

package/src/wkb/wkb-reader.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,401 @@
+// math.gl
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright (c) vis.gl contributors
+
+import type {WellKnownDimension, WellKnownGeometry} from './types';
+import {getWellKnownDimensionSize} from './types';
+
+/** Geometry family encoded by a WKB header. */
+export type WKBGeometryType = WellKnownGeometry['type'];
+
+/** WKB dialect identified from one geometry header. */
+export type WKBDialect = 'wkb' | 'iso-wkb' | 'ewkb';
+
+/** Immutable facts decoded from one WKB geometry header. */
+export type WKBHeader = Readonly<{
+  geometryType: WKBGeometryType;
+  dimension: WellKnownDimension;
+  dialect: WKBDialect;
+  littleEndian: boolean;
+  /** Offset of the endian byte, relative to the supplied input view. */
+  byteOffset: number;
+  /** Offset of the geometry body, relative to the supplied input view. */
+  bodyByteOffset: number;
+  /** Number of bytes occupied by the header. */
+  byteLength: number;
+  /** EWKB spatial reference identifier, when present. */
+  srid?: number;
+}>;
+
+/** Defensive limits shared by WKB traversal and scanning. */
+export type WKBTraversalOptions = Readonly<{
+  /** Maximum recursive geometry nesting. Defaults to 64. */
+  maximumDepth?: number;
+  /** Maximum total declared list elements. Defaults to 100 million. */
+  maximumElements?: number;
+}>;
+
+/** Direct callbacks invoked while traversing WKB bytes without materializing geometry rows. */
+export type WKBVisitor = Readonly<{
+  /** Called at the start of each geometry. `count` is points, rings, or child geometries. */
+  geometry?: (header: WKBHeader, count: number | undefined, depth: number) => void;
+  /** Called at the start of each polygon ring. */
+  ring?: (pointCount: number, ringIndex: number, depth: number) => void;
+  /**
+   * Called for each coordinate without allocating a coordinate array.
+   * Missing Z or M ordinates are passed as `undefined`.
+   */
+  coordinate?: (
+    x: number,
+    y: number,
+    z: number | undefined,
+    m: number | undefined,
+    dimension: WellKnownDimension,
+    byteOffset: number,
+    depth: number
+  ) => void;
+}>;
+
+/** Finite coordinate bounds collected by {@link scanWKB}. */
+export type WKBBounds = Readonly<{
+  xmin: number;
+  ymin: number;
+  xmax: number;
+  ymax: number;
+  zmin?: number;
+  zmax?: number;
+  mmin?: number;
+  mmax?: number;
+}>;
+
+/** Per-family geometry counts collected by {@link scanWKB}. */
+export type WKBGeometryCounts = Readonly<Record<WKBGeometryType, number>>;
+
+/** Structural statistics collected without materializing geometry rows. */
+export type WKBScanResult = Readonly<{
+  header: WKBHeader;
+  byteLength: number;
+  coordinateCount: number;
+  ringCount: number;
+  geometryCount: number;
+  maximumDepth: number;
+  geometryTypes: readonly WKBGeometryType[];
+  geometryCounts: WKBGeometryCounts;
+  bounds?: WKBBounds;
+}>;
+
+type MutableBounds = {
+  xmin?: number;
+  ymin?: number;
+  xmax?: number;
+  ymax?: number;
+  zmin?: number;
+  zmax?: number;
+  mmin?: number;
+  mmax?: number;
+};
+
+type TraversalState = {
+  maximumDepth: number;
+  maximumElements: number;
+  elementCount: number;
+  visitor: WKBVisitor;
+};
+
+const GEOMETRY_TYPES: readonly WKBGeometryType[] = [
+  'Point',
+  'LineString',
+  'Polygon',
+  'MultiPoint',
+  'MultiLineString',
+  'MultiPolygon',
+  'GeometryCollection'
+];
+
+/** Inspects one WKB/ISO WKB/EWKB header without reading its coordinate payload. */
+export function inspectWKBHeader(
+  input: ArrayBufferLike | ArrayBufferView,
+  byteOffset = 0
+): WKBHeader {
+  return inspectWKBHeaderView(getDataView(input), byteOffset);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Traverses exactly one WKB geometry without constructing coordinate or geometry objects.
+ * Returns the number of bytes consumed.
+ */
+export function visitWKB(
+  input: ArrayBufferLike | ArrayBufferView,
+  visitor: WKBVisitor,
+  options: WKBTraversalOptions = {}
+): number {
+  const view = getDataView(input);
+  const state: TraversalState = {
+    maximumDepth: validateLimit(options.maximumDepth, 64, 'maximumDepth'),
+    maximumElements: validateLimit(options.maximumElements, 100_000_000, 'maximumElements'),
+    elementCount: 0,
+    visitor
+  };
+  const byteLength = visitGeometry(view, 0, state, 0).byteOffset;
+  if (byteLength !== view.byteLength) throw new Error('WKB contains trailing bytes');
+  return byteLength;
+}
+
+/** Collects geometry counts and XYZM bounds without materializing geometry rows. */
+export function scanWKB(
+  input: ArrayBufferLike | ArrayBufferView,
+  options: WKBTraversalOptions = {}
+): WKBScanResult {
+  const header = inspectWKBHeader(input);
+  const geometryCounts: Record<WKBGeometryType, number> = {
+    Point: 0,
+    LineString: 0,
+    Polygon: 0,
+    MultiPoint: 0,
+    MultiLineString: 0,
+    MultiPolygon: 0,
+    GeometryCollection: 0
+  };
+  const geometryTypes = new Set<WKBGeometryType>();
+  const bounds: MutableBounds = {};
+  let coordinateCount = 0;
+  let ringCount = 0;
+  let geometryCount = 0;
+  let maximumDepth = 0;
+
+  const byteLength = visitWKB(
+    input,
+    {
+      geometry: (geometryHeader, _count, depth) => {
+        geometryCounts[geometryHeader.geometryType]++;
+        geometryTypes.add(geometryHeader.geometryType);
+        geometryCount++;
+        maximumDepth = Math.max(maximumDepth, depth);
+      },
+      ring: () => ringCount++,
+      coordinate: (x, y, z, m) => {
+        coordinateCount++;
+        updateBounds(bounds, 'x', x);
+        updateBounds(bounds, 'y', y);
+        if (z !== undefined) updateBounds(bounds, 'z', z);
+        if (m !== undefined) updateBounds(bounds, 'm', m);
+      }
+    },
+    options
+  );
+
+  const concreteBounds = makeBounds(bounds);
+  return {
+    header,
+    byteLength,
+    coordinateCount,
+    ringCount,
+    geometryCount,
+    maximumDepth,
+    geometryTypes: GEOMETRY_TYPES.filter(type => geometryTypes.has(type)),
+    geometryCounts,
+    ...(concreteBounds ? {bounds: concreteBounds} : {})
+  };
+}
+
+function visitGeometry(
+  view: DataView,
+  byteOffset: number,
+  state: TraversalState,
+  depth: number,
+  expectedType?: WKBGeometryType
+): {byteOffset: number; header: WKBHeader} {
+  if (depth > state.maximumDepth) throw new Error('WKB geometry nesting exceeds maximumDepth');
+  const header = inspectWKBHeaderView(view, byteOffset);
+  if (expectedType && header.geometryType !== expectedType) {
+    throw new Error(`WKB ${expectedType} collection contains a ${header.geometryType} child`);
+  }
+  byteOffset = header.bodyByteOffset;
+
+  switch (header.geometryType) {
+    case 'Point':
+      state.visitor.geometry?.(header, undefined, depth);
+      byteOffset = visitCoordinate(view, byteOffset, header, state.visitor, depth);
+      break;
+    case 'LineString': {
+      const pointCount = readCount(view, byteOffset, header.littleEndian, state);
+      byteOffset += 4;
+      state.visitor.geometry?.(header, pointCount, depth);
+      byteOffset = visitCoordinateSequence(view, byteOffset, pointCount, header, state, depth);
+      break;
+    }
+    case 'Polygon': {
+      const ringCount = readCount(view, byteOffset, header.littleEndian, state);
+      byteOffset += 4;
+      state.visitor.geometry?.(header, ringCount, depth);
+      for (let ringIndex = 0; ringIndex < ringCount; ringIndex++) {
+        const pointCount = readCount(view, byteOffset, header.littleEndian, state);
+        byteOffset += 4;
+        state.visitor.ring?.(pointCount, ringIndex, depth);
+        byteOffset = visitCoordinateSequence(view, byteOffset, pointCount, header, state, depth);
+      }
+      break;
+    }
+    case 'MultiPoint':
+    case 'MultiLineString':
+    case 'MultiPolygon':
+    case 'GeometryCollection': {
+      const childCount = readCount(view, byteOffset, header.littleEndian, state);
+      byteOffset += 4;
+      state.visitor.geometry?.(header, childCount, depth);
+      const childType =
+        header.geometryType === 'MultiPoint'
+          ? 'Point'
+          : header.geometryType === 'MultiLineString'
+            ? 'LineString'
+            : header.geometryType === 'MultiPolygon'
+              ? 'Polygon'
+              : undefined;
+      for (let childIndex = 0; childIndex < childCount; childIndex++) {
+        byteOffset = visitGeometry(view, byteOffset, state, depth + 1, childType).byteOffset;
+      }
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+  return {byteOffset, header};
+}
+
+function visitCoordinateSequence(
+  view: DataView,
+  byteOffset: number,
+  pointCount: number,
+  header: WKBHeader,
+  state: TraversalState,
+  depth: number
+): number {
+  for (let pointIndex = 0; pointIndex < pointCount; pointIndex++) {
+    byteOffset = visitCoordinate(view, byteOffset, header, state.visitor, depth);
+  }
+  return byteOffset;
+}
+
+function visitCoordinate(
+  view: DataView,
+  byteOffset: number,
+  header: WKBHeader,
+  visitor: WKBVisitor,
+  depth: number
+): number {
+  const coordinateByteLength = getWellKnownDimensionSize(header.dimension) * 8;
+  assertRemaining(view, byteOffset, coordinateByteLength);
+  if (!visitor.coordinate) return byteOffset + coordinateByteLength;
+  const x = view.getFloat64(byteOffset, header.littleEndian);
+  const y = view.getFloat64(byteOffset + 8, header.littleEndian);
+  const third =
+    header.dimension === 'xy' ? undefined : view.getFloat64(byteOffset + 16, header.littleEndian);
+  const fourth =
+    header.dimension === 'xyzm' ? view.getFloat64(byteOffset + 24, header.littleEndian) : undefined;
+  const z = header.dimension === 'xyz' || header.dimension === 'xyzm' ? third : undefined;
+  const m = header.dimension === 'xym' ? third : fourth;
+  visitor.coordinate?.(x, y, z, m, header.dimension, byteOffset, depth);
+  return byteOffset + coordinateByteLength;
+}
+
+function inspectWKBHeaderView(view: DataView, byteOffset: number): WKBHeader {
+  const startByteOffset = byteOffset;
+  assertRemaining(view, byteOffset, 5);
+  const byteOrder = view.getUint8(byteOffset++);
+  if (byteOrder !== 0 && byteOrder !== 1) throw new Error('Invalid WKB byte order');
+  const littleEndian = byteOrder === 1;
+  const typeCode = view.getUint32(byteOffset, littleEndian);
+  byteOffset += 4;
+
+  const hasZ = Boolean(typeCode & 0x80000000);
+  const hasM = Boolean(typeCode & 0x40000000);
+  const hasSrid = Boolean(typeCode & 0x20000000);
+  let geometryCode = typeCode & 0x1fffffff;
+  let dimension: WellKnownDimension;
+  if (geometryCode >= 3000 && geometryCode < 4000) {
+    dimension = 'xyzm';
+    geometryCode -= 3000;
+  } else if (geometryCode >= 2000 && geometryCode < 3000) {
+    dimension = 'xym';
+    geometryCode -= 2000;
+  } else if (geometryCode >= 1000 && geometryCode < 2000) {
+    dimension = 'xyz';
+    geometryCode -= 1000;
+  } else {
+    dimension = hasZ && hasM ? 'xyzm' : hasZ ? 'xyz' : hasM ? 'xym' : 'xy';
+  }
+  const geometryType = GEOMETRY_TYPES[geometryCode - 1];
+  if (!geometryType) throw new Error(`Unsupported WKB geometry type ${geometryCode}`);
+
+  let srid: number | undefined;
+  if (hasSrid) {
+    assertRemaining(view, byteOffset, 4);
+    srid = view.getUint32(byteOffset, littleEndian);
+    byteOffset += 4;
+  }
+  const dialect: WKBDialect =
+    hasZ || hasM || hasSrid ? 'ewkb' : dimension === 'xy' ? 'wkb' : 'iso-wkb';
+  return {
+    geometryType,
+    dimension,
+    dialect,
+    littleEndian,
+    byteOffset: startByteOffset,
+    bodyByteOffset: byteOffset,
+    byteLength: byteOffset - startByteOffset,
+    ...(srid === undefined ? {} : {srid})
+  };
+}
+
+function readCount(
+  view: DataView,
+  byteOffset: number,
+  littleEndian: boolean,
+  state: TraversalState
+): number {
+  assertRemaining(view, byteOffset, 4);
+  const count = view.getUint32(byteOffset, littleEndian);
+  state.elementCount += count;
+  if (state.elementCount > state.maximumElements) {
+    throw new Error('WKB element count exceeds maximumElements');
+  }
+  return count;
+}
+
+function updateBounds(bounds: MutableBounds, axis: 'x' | 'y' | 'z' | 'm', value: number): void {
+  if (!Number.isFinite(value)) return;
+  const minimum = `${axis}min` as keyof MutableBounds;
+  const maximum = `${axis}max` as keyof MutableBounds;
+  bounds[minimum] = bounds[minimum] === undefined ? value : Math.min(bounds[minimum]!, value);
+  bounds[maximum] = bounds[maximum] === undefined ? value : Math.max(bounds[maximum]!, value);
+}
+
+function makeBounds(bounds: MutableBounds): WKBBounds | undefined {
+  if (
+    bounds.xmin === undefined ||
+    bounds.ymin === undefined ||
+    bounds.xmax === undefined ||
+    bounds.ymax === undefined
+  ) {
+    return undefined;
+  }
+  return bounds as WKBBounds;
+}
+
+function getDataView(input: ArrayBufferLike | ArrayBufferView): DataView {
+  return ArrayBuffer.isView(input)
+    ? new DataView(input.buffer, input.byteOffset, input.byteLength)
+    : new DataView(input);
+}
+
+function assertRemaining(view: DataView, byteOffset: number, byteLength: number): void {
+  if (byteOffset < 0 || byteOffset + byteLength > view.byteLength) {
+    throw new Error('Unexpected end of WKB');
+  }
+}
+
+function validateLimit(value: number | undefined, fallback: number, name: string): number {
+  const limit = value ?? fallback;
+  if (!Number.isSafeInteger(limit) || limit < 0) {
+    throw new Error(`${name} must be a non-negative safe integer`);
+  }
+  return limit;
+}

package/src/wkb/wkb.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,255 @@
+// math.gl
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright (c) vis.gl contributors
+
+import type {WellKnownDimension, WellKnownGeometry} from './types';
+import {getWellKnownDimensionSize, inferWellKnownGeometryDimension} from './types';
+import {inspectWKBHeader} from './wkb-reader';
+
+/** Defensive limits applied before WKB allocates geometry arrays. */
+export type WKBParseOptions = Readonly<{
+  /** Maximum recursive geometry nesting. Defaults to 64. */
+  maximumDepth?: number;
+  /** Maximum total declared child elements. Defaults to 100 million. */
+  maximumElements?: number;
+}>;
+
+/** One completely parsed WKB value and metadata declared by its root header. */
+export type WKBParseResult = Readonly<{
+  geometry: WellKnownGeometry;
+  byteLength: number;
+  dimension: WellKnownDimension;
+  /** EWKB SRID when the root header carries one. */
+  srid?: number;
+}>;
+
+type WKBReadResult = {
+  geometry: WellKnownGeometry;
+  offset: number;
+  dimension: WellKnownDimension;
+  srid?: number;
+};
+
+type WKBReadState = {
+  maximumDepth: number;
+  maximumElements: number;
+  elementCount: number;
+};
+
+/** Parses exactly one little- or big-endian ISO WKB or EWKB geometry. */
+export function parseWKB(bytes: Uint8Array, options: WKBParseOptions = {}): WKBParseResult {
+  const state: WKBReadState = {
+    maximumDepth: validateLimit(options.maximumDepth, 64, 'maximumDepth'),
+    maximumElements: validateLimit(options.maximumElements, 100_000_000, 'maximumElements'),
+    elementCount: 0
+  };
+  const view = new DataView(bytes.buffer, bytes.byteOffset, bytes.byteLength);
+  const result = readWKBGeometry(view, 0, state, 0);
+  if (result.offset !== bytes.byteLength) throw new Error('WKB contains trailing bytes');
+  return {
+    geometry: result.geometry,
+    byteLength: result.offset,
+    dimension: result.dimension,
+    ...(result.srid === undefined ? {} : {srid: result.srid})
+  };
+}
+
+/** Writes one geometry as little-endian ISO WKB. */
+export function writeWKB(
+  geometry: WellKnownGeometry,
+  dimension: WellKnownDimension = inferWellKnownGeometryDimension(geometry)
+): Uint8Array {
+  const bytes: number[] = [];
+  writeWKBGeometry(bytes, geometry, dimension);
+  return Uint8Array.from(bytes);
+}
+
+function readWKBGeometry(
+  view: DataView,
+  startOffset: number,
+  state: WKBReadState,
+  depth: number
+): WKBReadResult {
+  if (depth > state.maximumDepth) throw new Error('WKB geometry nesting exceeds maximumDepth');
+  const header = inspectWKBHeader(view, startOffset);
+  let offset = header.bodyByteOffset;
+  const {dimension, geometryType, littleEndian, srid} = header;
+  const dimensions = getWellKnownDimensionSize(dimension);
+  const readCoordinate = (): number[] => {
+    assertRemaining(view, offset, dimensions * 8);
+    const coordinate = new Array<number>(dimensions);
+    for (let index = 0; index < dimensions; index++) {
+      coordinate[index] = view.getFloat64(offset, littleEndian);
+      offset += 8;
+    }
+    return coordinate;
+  };
+  const readCount = (): number => {
+    assertRemaining(view, offset, 4);
+    const count = view.getUint32(offset, littleEndian);
+    offset += 4;
+    state.elementCount += count;
+    if (state.elementCount > state.maximumElements) {
+      throw new Error('WKB element count exceeds maximumElements');
+    }
+    return count;
+  };
+  const readCoordinates = (): number[][] => {
+    const count = readCount();
+    return Array.from({length: count}, readCoordinate);
+  };
+
+  let geometry: WellKnownGeometry;
+  switch (geometryType) {
+    case 'Point':
+      geometry = {type: 'Point', coordinates: readCoordinate()};
+      break;
+    case 'LineString':
+      geometry = {type: 'LineString', coordinates: readCoordinates()};
+      break;
+    case 'Polygon':
+      geometry = {type: 'Polygon', coordinates: Array.from({length: readCount()}, readCoordinates)};
+      break;
+    case 'MultiPoint':
+    case 'MultiLineString':
+    case 'MultiPolygon':
+    case 'GeometryCollection': {
+      const children: WellKnownGeometry[] = [];
+      for (let index = 0, count = readCount(); index < count; index++) {
+        const child = readWKBGeometry(view, offset, state, depth + 1);
+        children.push(child.geometry);
+        offset = child.offset;
+      }
+      if (geometryType === 'MultiPoint') {
+        geometry = {
+          type: 'MultiPoint',
+          coordinates: children.map(assertPoint).map(point => point.coordinates)
+        };
+      } else if (geometryType === 'MultiLineString') {
+        geometry = {
+          type: 'MultiLineString',
+          coordinates: children.map(assertLineString).map(line => line.coordinates)
+        };
+      } else if (geometryType === 'MultiPolygon') {
+        geometry = {
+          type: 'MultiPolygon',
+          coordinates: children.map(assertPolygon).map(polygon => polygon.coordinates)
+        };
+      } else {
+        geometry = {type: 'GeometryCollection', geometries: children};
+      }
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+  return {geometry, offset, dimension, ...(srid === undefined ? {} : {srid})};
+}
+
+function writeWKBGeometry(
+  bytes: number[],
+  geometry: WellKnownGeometry,
+  dimension: WellKnownDimension
+): void {
+  bytes.push(1);
+  const size = getWellKnownDimensionSize(dimension);
+  const dimensionOffset =
+    dimension === 'xyz' ? 1000 : dimension === 'xym' ? 2000 : dimension === 'xyzm' ? 3000 : 0;
+  writeUint32(bytes, getWKBType(geometry.type) + dimensionOffset);
+  const writeCoordinate = (coordinate: readonly number[]): void => {
+    for (let index = 0; index < size; index++) writeFloat64(bytes, coordinate[index] ?? 0);
+  };
+  const writeCoordinates = (coordinates: readonly (readonly number[])[]): void => {
+    writeUint32(bytes, coordinates.length);
+    for (const coordinate of coordinates) writeCoordinate(coordinate);
+  };
+  switch (geometry.type) {
+    case 'Point':
+      writeCoordinate(
+        geometry.coordinates.length === 0 ? new Array(size).fill(Number.NaN) : geometry.coordinates
+      );
+      break;
+    case 'LineString':
+      writeCoordinates(geometry.coordinates);
+      break;
+    case 'Polygon':
+      writeUint32(bytes, geometry.coordinates.length);
+      for (const ring of geometry.coordinates) writeCoordinates(ring);
+      break;
+    case 'MultiPoint':
+      writeUint32(bytes, geometry.coordinates.length);
+      for (const coordinate of geometry.coordinates) {
+        writeWKBGeometry(bytes, {type: 'Point', coordinates: coordinate}, dimension);
+      }
+      break;
+    case 'MultiLineString':
+      writeUint32(bytes, geometry.coordinates.length);
+      for (const coordinates of geometry.coordinates) {
+        writeWKBGeometry(bytes, {type: 'LineString', coordinates}, dimension);
+      }
+      break;
+    case 'MultiPolygon':
+      writeUint32(bytes, geometry.coordinates.length);
+      for (const coordinates of geometry.coordinates) {
+        writeWKBGeometry(bytes, {type: 'Polygon', coordinates}, dimension);
+      }
+      break;
+    case 'GeometryCollection':
+      writeUint32(bytes, geometry.geometries.length);
+      for (const child of geometry.geometries) writeWKBGeometry(bytes, child, dimension);
+      break;
+  }
+}
+
+function getWKBType(type: WellKnownGeometry['type']): number {
+  return (
+    [
+      'Point',
+      'LineString',
+      'Polygon',
+      'MultiPoint',
+      'MultiLineString',
+      'MultiPolygon',
+      'GeometryCollection'
+    ].indexOf(type) + 1
+  );
+}
+
+function writeUint32(bytes: number[], value: number): void {
+  bytes.push(value & 255, (value >>> 8) & 255, (value >>> 16) & 255, (value >>> 24) & 255);
+}
+
+function writeFloat64(bytes: number[], value: number): void {
+  const buffer = new ArrayBuffer(8);
+  new DataView(buffer).setFloat64(0, value, true);
+  bytes.push(...new Uint8Array(buffer));
+}
+
+function assertRemaining(view: DataView, offset: number, length: number): void {
+  if (offset + length > view.byteLength) throw new Error('Unexpected end of WKB');
+}
+
+function assertPoint(value: WellKnownGeometry): Extract<WellKnownGeometry, {type: 'Point'}> {
+  if (value.type !== 'Point') throw new Error('WKB MultiPoint contains a non-Point child');
+  return value;
+}
+
+function assertLineString(
+  value: WellKnownGeometry
+): Extract<WellKnownGeometry, {type: 'LineString'}> {
+  if (value.type !== 'LineString') {
+    throw new Error('WKB MultiLineString contains a non-LineString child');
+  }
+  return value;
+}
+
+function assertPolygon(value: WellKnownGeometry): Extract<WellKnownGeometry, {type: 'Polygon'}> {
+  if (value.type !== 'Polygon') throw new Error('WKB MultiPolygon contains a non-Polygon child');
+  return value;
+}
+
+function validateLimit(value: number | undefined, fallback: number, name: string): number {
+  const limit = value ?? fallback;
+  if (!Number.isSafeInteger(limit) || limit < 0) {
+    throw new Error(`${name} must be a non-negative safe integer`);
+  }
+  return limit;
+}