@math.gl/geospatial 5.0.0-alpha.19 → 5.0.0-alpha.20

package/dist/vendor/geographiclib-geodesic/runtime.js

@@ -0,0 +1,2244 @@
+// math.gl
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright (c) 2011-2022 Charles Karney
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright (c) vis.gl contributors
+// SPDX-FileComment: Original math.gl follow-up evaluates short-edge cosine-series differences without cancellation; qualified by independent Decimal small-area controls. GeographicLib geodesic Math.js, Geodesic.js and GeodesicLine.js, pinned at 9c4036d6242aa997e08e43a20df789e2007fbe6f. Combined into an ESM module; version template fields set to 2.2.0. See ../../../GEOGRAPHICLIB-LICENSE.txt.
+/*
+ * Math.js
+ * Transcription of Math.hpp, Constants.hpp, and Accumulator.hpp into
+ * JavaScript.
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) Charles Karney (2011-2021) <karney@alum.mit.edu> and licensed
+ * under the MIT/X11 License.  For more information, see
+ * https://geographiclib.sourceforge.io/
+ */
+/**
+ * @namespace geodesic
+ * @description The parent namespace for the following modules:
+ * - {@link module:geodesic/Geodesic geodesic/Geodesic} The main
+ *   engine for solving geodesic problems via the
+ *   {@link module:geodesic/Geodesic.Geodesic Geodesic} class.
+ * - {@link module:geodesic/GeodesicLine geodesic/GeodesicLine}
+ *   computes points along a single geodesic line via the
+ *   {@link module:geodesic/GeodesicLine.GeodesicLine GeodesicLine}
+ *   class.
+ * - {@link module:geodesic/PolygonArea geodesic/PolygonArea}
+ *   computes the area of a geodesic polygon via the
+ *   {@link module:geodesic/PolygonArea.PolygonArea PolygonArea}
+ *   class.
+ * - {@link module:geodesic/Constants geodesic/Constants} defines
+ *   constants specifying the version numbers and the parameters for the WGS84
+ *   ellipsoid.
+ *
+ * The following modules are used internally by the package:
+ * - {@link module:geodesic/Math geodesic/Math} defines various
+ *   mathematical functions.
+ * - {@link module:geodesic/Accumulator geodesic/Accumulator}
+ *   interally used by
+ *   {@link module:geodesic/PolygonArea.PolygonArea PolygonArea} (via the
+ *   {@link module:geodesic/Accumulator.Accumulator Accumulator} class)
+ *   for summing the contributions to the area of a polygon.
+ */
+// To allow swap via [y, x] = [x, y]
+/* jshint esversion: 6 */
+var geodesic = {};
+geodesic.Constants = {};
+geodesic.Math = {};
+geodesic.Accumulator = {};
+(function (
+/**
+ * @exports geodesic/Constants
+ * @description Define constants defining the version and WGS84 parameters.
+ */
+c) {
+    "use strict";
+    /**
+     * @constant
+     * @summary WGS84 parameters.
+     * @property {number} a the equatorial radius (meters).
+     * @property {number} f the flattening.
+     */
+    c.WGS84 = { a: 6378137, f: 1 / 298.257223563 };
+    /**
+     * @constant
+     * @summary an array of version numbers.
+     * @property {number} major the major version number.
+     * @property {number} minor the minor version number.
+     * @property {number} patch the patch number.
+     */
+    c.version = { major: 2,
+        minor: 2,
+        patch: 0 };
+    /**
+     * @constant
+     * @summary version string
+     */
+    c.version_string = "2.2.0";
+})(geodesic.Constants);
+(function (
+/**
+ * @exports geodesic/Math
+ * @description Some useful mathematical constants and functions (mainly for
+ *   internal use).
+ */
+m) {
+    "use strict";
+    /**
+     * @summary The number of digits of precision in floating-point numbers.
+     * @constant {number}
+     */
+    m.digits = 53;
+    /**
+     * @summary The machine epsilon.
+     * @constant {number}
+     */
+    m.epsilon = Math.pow(0.5, m.digits - 1);
+    /**
+     * @summary The factor to convert degrees to radians.
+     * @constant {number}
+     */
+    m.degree = Math.PI / 180;
+    /**
+     * @summary Square a number.
+     * @param {number} x the number.
+     * @return {number} the square.
+     */
+    m.sq = function (x) { return x * x; };
+    /**
+     * @summary The hypotenuse function.
+     * @param {number} x the first side.
+     * @param {number} y the second side.
+     * @return {number} the hypotenuse.
+     */
+    m.hypot = function (x, y) {
+        // Built in Math.hypot give incorrect results from GeodSolve92.
+        return Math.sqrt(x * x + y * y);
+    };
+    /**
+     * @summary Cube root function.
+     * @param {number} x the argument.
+     * @return {number} the real cube root.
+     */
+    m.cbrt = Math.cbrt || function (x) {
+        var y = Math.pow(Math.abs(x), 1 / 3);
+        return x > 0 ? y : (x < 0 ? -y : x);
+    };
+    /**
+     * @summary The log1p function.
+     * @param {number} x the argument.
+     * @return {number} log(1 + x).
+     */
+    m.log1p = Math.log1p || function (x) {
+        var y = 1 + x, z = y - 1;
+        // Here's the explanation for this magic: y = 1 + z, exactly, and z
+        // approx x, thus log(y)/z (which is nearly constant near z = 0) returns
+        // a good approximation to the true log(1 + x)/x.  The multiplication x *
+        // (log(y)/z) introduces little additional error.
+        return z === 0 ? x : x * Math.log(y) / z;
+    };
+    /**
+     * @summary Inverse hyperbolic tangent.
+     * @param {number} x the argument.
+     * @return {number} tanh<sup>&minus;1</sup> x.
+     */
+    m.atanh = Math.atanh || function (x) {
+        var y = Math.abs(x); // Enforce odd parity
+        y = m.log1p(2 * y / (1 - y)) / 2;
+        return x > 0 ? y : (x < 0 ? -y : x);
+    };
+    /**
+     * @summary Copy the sign.
+     * @param {number} x gives the magitude of the result.
+     * @param {number} y gives the sign of the result.
+     * @return {number} value with the magnitude of x and with the sign of y.
+     */
+    m.copysign = function (x, y) {
+        return Math.abs(x) * (y < 0 || (y === 0 && 1 / y < 0) ? -1 : 1);
+    };
+    /**
+     * @summary An error-free sum.
+     * @param {number} u
+     * @param {number} v
+     * @return {object} sum with sum.s = round(u + v) and sum.t is u + v &minus;
+     *   round(u + v)
+     */
+    m.sum = function (u, v) {
+        var s = u + v, up = s - v, vpp = s - up, t;
+        up -= u;
+        vpp -= v;
+        // if s = 0, then t = 0 and give t the same sign as s
+        t = s ? 0 - (up + vpp) : s;
+        // u + v =       s      + t
+        //       = round(u + v) + t
+        return { s: s, t: t };
+    };
+    /**
+     * @summary Evaluate a polynomial.
+     * @param {integer} N the order of the polynomial.
+     * @param {array} p the coefficient array (of size N + 1) (leading
+     *   order coefficient first)
+     * @param {number} x the variable.
+     * @return {number} the value of the polynomial.
+     */
+    m.polyval = function (N, p, s, x) {
+        var y = N < 0 ? 0 : p[s++];
+        while (--N >= 0)
+            y = y * x + p[s++];
+        return y;
+    };
+    /**
+     * @summary Coarsen a value close to zero.
+     * @param {number} x
+     * @return {number} the coarsened value.
+     */
+    m.AngRound = function (x) {
+        // The makes the smallest gap in x = 1/16 - nextafter(1/16, 0) = 1/2^57 for
+        // reals = 0.7 pm on the earth if x is an angle in degrees.  (This is about
+        // 1000 times more resolution than we get with angles around 90 degrees.)
+        // We use this to avoid having to deal with near singular cases when x is
+        // non-zero but tiny (e.g., 1.0e-200).  This converts -0 to +0; however
+        // tiny negative numbers get converted to -0.
+        var z = 1 / 16, y = Math.abs(x);
+        // The compiler mustn't "simplify" z - (z - y) to y
+        y = y < z ? z - (z - y) : y;
+        return m.copysign(y, x);
+    };
+    /**
+     * @summary The remainder function.
+     * @param {number} x the numerator of the division
+     * @param {number} y the denominator of the division
+     * @return {number} the remainder in the range [&minus;y/2, y/2].
+     * <p>
+     * The range of x is unrestricted; y must be positive.
+     */
+    m.remainder = function (x, y) {
+        x %= y;
+        return x < -y / 2 ? x + y : (x < y / 2 ? x : x - y);
+    };
+    /**
+     * @summary Normalize an angle.
+     * @param {number} x the angle in degrees.
+     * @return {number} the angle reduced to the range [&minus;180&deg;,
+     *   180&deg;].
+     *
+     * The range of x is unrestricted.  If the result is &plusmn;0&deg; or
+     * &plusmn;180&deg; then the sign is the sign of \e x.
+     */
+    m.AngNormalize = function (x) {
+        // Place angle in [-180, 180].
+        var y = m.remainder(x, 360);
+        return Math.abs(y) === 180 ? m.copysign(180, x) : y;
+    };
+    /**
+     * @summary Normalize a latitude.
+     * @param {number} x the angle in degrees.
+     * @return {number} x if it is in the range [&minus;90&deg;, 90&deg;],
+     *   otherwise return NaN.
+     */
+    m.LatFix = function (x) {
+        // Replace angle with NaN if outside [-90, 90].
+        return Math.abs(x) > 90 ? NaN : x;
+    };
+    /**
+     * @summary The exact difference of two angles reduced to [&minus;180&deg;,
+     *   180&deg;]
+     * @param {number} x the first angle in degrees.
+     * @param {number} y the second angle in degrees.
+     * @return {object} diff the exact difference, diff.d + diff.e = y &minus; x
+     *   mod 360&deg;.
+     *
+     * This computes z = y &minus; x exactly, reduced to
+     * [&minus;180&deg;, 180&deg;]; and then sets z = d + e where d
+     * is the nearest representable number to z and e is the truncation
+     * error.  If z = &plusmn;0&deg; or &plusmn;180&deg;, then the sign of
+     * d is given by the sign of y &minus; x.  The maximum absolute
+     * value of e is 2<sup>&minus;26</sup> (for doubles).
+     */
+    m.AngDiff = function (x, y) {
+        // Compute y - x and reduce to [-180,180] accurately.
+        var r = m.sum(m.remainder(-x, 360), m.remainder(y, 360)), d, e;
+        r = m.sum(m.remainder(r.s, 360), r.t);
+        d = r.s;
+        e = r.t;
+        // Fix the sign if d = -180, 0, 180.
+        if (d === 0 || Math.abs(d) === 180)
+            // If e == 0, take sign from y - x
+            // else (e != 0, implies d = +/-180), d and e must have opposite signs
+            d = m.copysign(d, e === 0 ? y - x : -e);
+        return { d: d, e: e };
+    };
+    /**
+     * @summary Evaluate the sine and cosine function with the argument in
+     *   degrees
+     * @param {number} x in degrees.
+     * @return {object} r with r.s = sin(x) and r.c = cos(x).
+     */
+    m.sincosd = function (x) {
+        // In order to minimize round-off errors, this function exactly reduces
+        // the argument to the range [-45, 45] before converting it to radians.
+        var d, r, q, s, c, sinx, cosx;
+        d = x % 360;
+        q = Math.round(d / 90); // If d is NaN this returns NaN
+        d -= 90 * q;
+        // now abs(d) <= 45
+        r = d * this.degree;
+        // Possibly could call the gnu extension sincos
+        s = Math.sin(r);
+        c = Math.cos(r);
+        if (Math.abs(d) === 45) {
+            c = Math.sqrt(0.5);
+            s = m.copysign(c, r);
+        }
+        else if (Math.abs(d) === 30) {
+            c = Math.sqrt(0.75);
+            s = m.copysign(0.5, r);
+        }
+        switch (q & 3) {
+            case 0:
+                sinx = s;
+                cosx = c;
+                break;
+            case 1:
+                sinx = c;
+                cosx = -s;
+                break;
+            case 2:
+                sinx = -s;
+                cosx = -c;
+                break;
+            default:
+                sinx = -c;
+                cosx = s;
+                break; // case 3
+        }
+        cosx += 0;
+        if (sinx === 0)
+            sinx = m.copysign(sinx, x);
+        return { s: sinx, c: cosx };
+    };
+    /**
+     * @summary Evaluate the sine and cosine with reduced argument plus correction
+     *
+     * @param {number} x reduced angle in degrees.
+     * @param {number} t correction in degrees.
+     * @return {object} r with r.s = sin(x + t) and r.c = cos(x + t).
+     */
+    m.sincosde = function (x, t) {
+        // In order to minimize round-off errors, this function exactly reduces
+        // the argument to the range [-45, 45] before converting it to radians.
+        var d, r, q, s, c, sinx, cosx;
+        d = x % 360;
+        q = Math.round(d / 90); // If d is NaN this returns NaN
+        d = m.AngRound((d - 90 * q) + t);
+        // now abs(d) <= 45
+        r = d * this.degree;
+        // Possibly could call the gnu extension sincos
+        s = Math.sin(r);
+        c = Math.cos(r);
+        if (Math.abs(d) === 45) {
+            c = Math.sqrt(0.5);
+            s = m.copysign(c, r);
+        }
+        else if (Math.abs(d) === 30) {
+            c = Math.sqrt(0.75);
+            s = m.copysign(0.5, r);
+        }
+        switch (q & 3) {
+            case 0:
+                sinx = s;
+                cosx = c;
+                break;
+            case 1:
+                sinx = c;
+                cosx = -s;
+                break;
+            case 2:
+                sinx = -s;
+                cosx = -c;
+                break;
+            default:
+                sinx = -c;
+                cosx = s;
+                break; // case 3
+        }
+        cosx += 0;
+        if (sinx === 0)
+            sinx = m.copysign(sinx, x + t);
+        return { s: sinx, c: cosx };
+    };
+    /**
+     * @summary Evaluate the atan2 function with the result in degrees
+     * @param {number} y
+     * @param {number} x
+     * @return atan2(y, x) in degrees, in the range [&minus;180&deg;
+     *   180&deg;].
+     */
+    m.atan2d = function (y, x) {
+        // In order to minimize round-off errors, this function rearranges the
+        // arguments so that result of atan2 is in the range [-pi/4, pi/4] before
+        // converting it to degrees and mapping the result to the correct
+        // quadrant.
+        var q = 0, ang;
+        if (Math.abs(y) > Math.abs(x)) {
+            [y, x] = [x, y];
+            q = 2;
+        } // swap(x, y)
+        if (m.copysign(1, x) < 0) {
+            x = -x;
+            ++q;
+        }
+        // here x >= 0 and x >= abs(y), so angle is in [-pi/4, pi/4]
+        ang = Math.atan2(y, x) / this.degree;
+        switch (q) {
+            // Note that atan2d(-0.0, 1.0) will return -0.  However, we expect that
+            // atan2d will not be called with y = -0.  If need be, include
+            //
+            //   case 0: ang = 0 + ang; break;
+            //
+            // and handle mpfr as in AngRound.
+            case 1:
+                ang = m.copysign(180, y) - ang;
+                break;
+            case 2:
+                ang = 90 - ang;
+                break;
+            case 3:
+                ang = -90 + ang;
+                break;
+            default: break;
+        }
+        return ang;
+    };
+})(geodesic.Math);
+(function (
+/**
+ * @exports geodesic/Accumulator
+ * @description Accurate summation via the
+ *   {@link module:geodesic/Accumulator.Accumulator Accumulator} class
+ *   (mainly for internal use).
+ */
+a, m) {
+    "use strict";
+    /**
+     * @class
+     * @summary Accurate summation of many numbers.
+     * @classdesc This allows many numbers to be added together with twice the
+     *   normal precision.  In the documentation of the member functions, sum
+     *   stands for the value currently held in the accumulator.
+     * @param {number | Accumulator} [y = 0]  set sum = y.
+     */
+    a.Accumulator = function (y) {
+        this.Set(y);
+    };
+    /**
+     * @summary Set the accumulator to a number.
+     * @param {number | Accumulator} [y = 0] set sum = y.
+     */
+    a.Accumulator.prototype.Set = function (y) {
+        if (!y)
+            y = 0;
+        if (y.constructor === a.Accumulator) {
+            this._s = y._s;
+            this._t = y._t;
+        }
+        else {
+            this._s = y;
+            this._t = 0;
+        }
+    };
+    /**
+     * @summary Add a number to the accumulator.
+     * @param {number} [y = 0] set sum += y.
+     */
+    a.Accumulator.prototype.Add = function (y) {
+        // Here's Shewchuk's solution...
+        // Accumulate starting at least significant end
+        var u = m.sum(y, this._t), v = m.sum(u.s, this._s);
+        u = u.t;
+        this._s = v.s;
+        this._t = v.t;
+        // Start is _s, _t decreasing and non-adjacent.  Sum is now (s + t + u)
+        // exactly with s, t, u non-adjacent and in decreasing order (except
+        // for possible zeros).  The following code tries to normalize the
+        // result.  Ideally, we want _s = round(s+t+u) and _u = round(s+t+u -
+        // _s).  The follow does an approximate job (and maintains the
+        // decreasing non-adjacent property).  Here are two "failures" using
+        // 3-bit floats:
+        //
+        // Case 1: _s is not equal to round(s+t+u) -- off by 1 ulp
+        // [12, -1] - 8 -> [4, 0, -1] -> [4, -1] = 3 should be [3, 0] = 3
+        //
+        // Case 2: _s+_t is not as close to s+t+u as it shold be
+        // [64, 5] + 4 -> [64, 8, 1] -> [64,  8] = 72 (off by 1)
+        //                    should be [80, -7] = 73 (exact)
+        //
+        // "Fixing" these problems is probably not worth the expense.  The
+        // representation inevitably leads to small errors in the accumulated
+        // values.  The additional errors illustrated here amount to 1 ulp of
+        // the less significant word during each addition to the Accumulator
+        // and an additional possible error of 1 ulp in the reported sum.
+        //
+        // Incidentally, the "ideal" representation described above is not
+        // canonical, because _s = round(_s + _t) may not be true.  For
+        // example, with 3-bit floats:
+        //
+        // [128, 16] + 1 -> [160, -16] -- 160 = round(145).
+        // But [160, 0] - 16 -> [128, 16] -- 128 = round(144).
+        //
+        if (this._s === 0) // This implies t == 0,
+            this._s = u; // so result is u
+        else
+            this._t += u; // otherwise just accumulate u to t.
+    };
+    /**
+     * @summary Return the result of adding a number to sum (but
+     *   don't change sum).
+     * @param {number} [y = 0] the number to be added to the sum.
+     * @return sum + y.
+     */
+    a.Accumulator.prototype.Sum = function (y) {
+        var b;
+        if (!y)
+            return this._s;
+        else {
+            b = new a.Accumulator(this);
+            b.Add(y);
+            return b._s;
+        }
+    };
+    /**
+     * @summary Set sum = &minus;sum.
+     */
+    a.Accumulator.prototype.Negate = function () {
+        this._s *= -1;
+        this._t *= -1;
+    };
+    /**
+     * @summary Take the remainder
+     * @param {number} y the divisor of the remainder operation.
+     * @return sum in range [&minus;y/2, y/2].
+     */
+    a.Accumulator.prototype.Remainder = function (y) {
+        this._s = m.remainder(this._s, y);
+        this.Add(0);
+    };
+})(geodesic.Accumulator, geodesic.Math);
+/*
+ * Geodesic.js
+ * Transcription of Geodesic.[ch]pp into JavaScript.
+ *
+ * See the documentation for the C++ class.  The conversion is a literal
+ * conversion from C++.
+ *
+ * The algorithms are derived in
+ *
+ *    Charles F. F. Karney,
+ *    Algorithms for geodesics, J. Geodesy 87, 43-55 (2013);
+ *    https://doi.org/10.1007/s00190-012-0578-z
+ *    Addenda: https://geographiclib.sourceforge.io/geod-addenda.html
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) Charles Karney (2011-2022) <karney@alum.mit.edu> and licensed
+ * under the MIT/X11 License.  For more information, see
+ * https://geographiclib.sourceforge.io/
+ */
+// Load AFTER Math.js
+// To allow swap via [y, x] = [x, y]
+/* jshint esversion: 6 */
+geodesic.Geodesic = {};
+geodesic.GeodesicLine = {};
+geodesic.PolygonArea = {};
+(function (
+/**
+ * @exports geodesic/Geodesic
+ * @description Solve geodesic problems via the
+ *   {@link module:geodesic/Geodesic.Geodesic Geodesic} class.
+ */
+g, l, p, m, c) {
+    "use strict";
+    var GEOGRAPHICLIB_GEODESIC_ORDER = 6, nA1_ = GEOGRAPHICLIB_GEODESIC_ORDER, nA2_ = GEOGRAPHICLIB_GEODESIC_ORDER, nA3_ = GEOGRAPHICLIB_GEODESIC_ORDER, nA3x_ = nA3_, nC3x_, nC4x_, maxit1_ = 20, maxit2_ = maxit1_ + m.digits + 10, tol0_ = m.epsilon, tol1_ = 200 * tol0_, tol2_ = Math.sqrt(tol0_), tolb_ = tol0_, xthresh_ = 1000 * tol2_, CAP_NONE = 0, CAP_ALL = 0x1F, OUT_ALL = 0x7F80, astroid, A1m1f_coeff, C1f_coeff, C1pf_coeff, A2m1f_coeff, C2f_coeff, A3_coeff, C3_coeff, C4_coeff;
+    // N.B. Number.MIN_VALUE is denormalized; divide by Number.EPSILON to get min
+    // normalized positive number.
+    g.tiny_ = Math.sqrt(Number.MIN_VALUE / Number.EPSILON);
+    g.nC1_ = GEOGRAPHICLIB_GEODESIC_ORDER;
+    g.nC1p_ = GEOGRAPHICLIB_GEODESIC_ORDER;
+    g.nC2_ = GEOGRAPHICLIB_GEODESIC_ORDER;
+    g.nC3_ = GEOGRAPHICLIB_GEODESIC_ORDER;
+    g.nC4_ = GEOGRAPHICLIB_GEODESIC_ORDER;
+    nC3x_ = (g.nC3_ * (g.nC3_ - 1)) / 2;
+    nC4x_ = (g.nC4_ * (g.nC4_ + 1)) / 2;
+    g.CAP_C1 = 1 << 0;
+    g.CAP_C1p = 1 << 1;
+    g.CAP_C2 = 1 << 2;
+    g.CAP_C3 = 1 << 3;
+    g.CAP_C4 = 1 << 4;
+    g.NONE = 0;
+    g.ARC = 1 << 6;
+    g.LATITUDE = 1 << 7 | CAP_NONE;
+    g.LONGITUDE = 1 << 8 | g.CAP_C3;
+    g.AZIMUTH = 1 << 9 | CAP_NONE;
+    g.DISTANCE = 1 << 10 | g.CAP_C1;
+    g.STANDARD = g.LATITUDE | g.LONGITUDE | g.AZIMUTH | g.DISTANCE;
+    g.DISTANCE_IN = 1 << 11 | g.CAP_C1 | g.CAP_C1p;
+    g.REDUCEDLENGTH = 1 << 12 | g.CAP_C1 | g.CAP_C2;
+    g.GEODESICSCALE = 1 << 13 | g.CAP_C1 | g.CAP_C2;
+    g.AREA = 1 << 14 | g.CAP_C4;
+    g.ALL = OUT_ALL | CAP_ALL;
+    g.LONG_UNROLL = 1 << 15;
+    g.OUT_MASK = OUT_ALL | g.LONG_UNROLL;
+    // Original math.gl stable difference: cos(k*(x+d))-cos(k*x)
+    // = -2*sin(k*(x+d/2))*sin(k*d/2), k odd. Retain tiny arc bits.
+    g.SinCosSeries = function (sinp, sinx, cosx, c, delta) {
+        if (delta !== undefined) {
+            var h = delta / 2, sh = Math.sin(h), ch = Math.cos(h);
+            // sin((2*i+1)*mid) = (-1)^i*cos((2*i+1)*(pi/2-mid)).
+            return -2 * g.SinCosSeries(false, cosx * ch - sinx * sh, sinx * ch + cosx * sh, c.map(function (v, i) { return (i % 2 ? -v : v) * Math.sin((2 * i + 1) * h); }));
+        }
+        // Evaluate
+        // y = sinp ? sum(c[i] * sin( 2*i    * x), i, 1, n) :
+        //            sum(c[i] * cos((2*i+1) * x), i, 0, n-1)
+        // using Clenshaw summation.  N.B. c[0] is unused for sin series
+        // Approx operation count = (n + 5) mult and (2 * n + 2) add
+        var k = c.length, // Point to one beyond last element
+        n = k - (sinp ? 1 : 0), ar = 2 * (cosx - sinx) * (cosx + sinx), // 2 * cos(2 * x)
+        y0 = n & 1 ? c[--k] : 0, y1 = 0; // accumulators for sum
+        // Now n is even
+        n = Math.floor(n / 2);
+        while (n--) {
+            // Unroll loop x 2, so accumulators return to their original role
+            y1 = ar * y0 - y1 + c[--k];
+            y0 = ar * y1 - y0 + c[--k];
+        }
+        return (sinp ? 2 * sinx * cosx * y0 : // sin(2 * x) * y0
+            cosx * (y0 - y1)); // cos(x) * (y0 - y1)
+    };
+    astroid = function (x, y) {
+        // Solve k^4+2*k^3-(x^2+y^2-1)*k^2-2*y^2*k-y^2 = 0 for positive
+        // root k.  This solution is adapted from Geocentric::Reverse.
+        var k, p = m.sq(x), q = m.sq(y), r = (p + q - 1) / 6, S, r2, r3, disc, u, T3, T, ang, v, uv, w;
+        if (!(q === 0 && r <= 0)) {
+            // Avoid possible division by zero when r = 0 by multiplying
+            // equations for s and t by r^3 and r, resp.
+            S = p * q / 4; // S = r^3 * s
+            r2 = m.sq(r);
+            r3 = r * r2;
+            // The discriminant of the quadratic equation for T3.  This is
+            // zero on the evolute curve p^(1/3)+q^(1/3) = 1
+            disc = S * (S + 2 * r3);
+            u = r;
+            if (disc >= 0) {
+                T3 = S + r3;
+                // Pick the sign on the sqrt to maximize abs(T3).  This
+                // minimizes loss of precision due to cancellation.  The
+                // result is unchanged because of the way the T is used
+                // in definition of u.
+                T3 += T3 < 0 ? -Math.sqrt(disc) : Math.sqrt(disc); // T3 = (r * t)^3
+                // N.B. cbrt always returns the real root.  cbrt(-8) = -2.
+                T = m.cbrt(T3); // T = r * t
+                // T can be zero; but then r2 / T -> 0.
+                u += T + (T !== 0 ? r2 / T : 0);
+            }
+            else {
+                // T is complex, but the way u is defined the result is real.
+                ang = Math.atan2(Math.sqrt(-disc), -(S + r3));
+                // There are three possible cube roots.  We choose the
+                // root which avoids cancellation.  Note that disc < 0
+                // implies that r < 0.
+                u += 2 * r * Math.cos(ang / 3);
+            }
+            v = Math.sqrt(m.sq(u) + q); // guaranteed positive
+            // Avoid loss of accuracy when u < 0.
+            uv = u < 0 ? q / (v - u) : u + v; // u+v, guaranteed positive
+            w = (uv - q) / (2 * v); // positive?
+            // Rearrange expression for k to avoid loss of accuracy due to
+            // subtraction.  Division by 0 not possible because uv > 0, w >= 0.
+            k = uv / (Math.sqrt(uv + m.sq(w)) + w); // guaranteed positive
+        }
+        else { // q == 0 && r <= 0
+            // y = 0 with |x| <= 1.  Handle this case directly.
+            // for y small, positive root is k = abs(y)/sqrt(1-x^2)
+            k = 0;
+        }
+        return k;
+    };
+    A1m1f_coeff = [
+        // (1-eps)*A1-1, polynomial in eps2 of order 3
+        +1, 4, 64, 0, 256
+    ];
+    // The scale factor A1-1 = mean value of (d/dsigma)I1 - 1
+    g.A1m1f = function (eps) {
+        var p = Math.floor(nA1_ / 2), t = m.polyval(p, A1m1f_coeff, 0, m.sq(eps)) / A1m1f_coeff[p + 1];
+        return (t + eps) / (1 - eps);
+    };
+    C1f_coeff = [
+        // C1[1]/eps^1, polynomial in eps2 of order 2
+        -1, 6, -16, 32,
+        // C1[2]/eps^2, polynomial in eps2 of order 2
+        -9, 64, -128, 2048,
+        // C1[3]/eps^3, polynomial in eps2 of order 1
+        +9, -16, 768,
+        // C1[4]/eps^4, polynomial in eps2 of order 1
+        +3, -5, 512,
+        // C1[5]/eps^5, polynomial in eps2 of order 0
+        -7, 1280,
+        // C1[6]/eps^6, polynomial in eps2 of order 0
+        -7, 2048
+    ];
+    // The coefficients C1[l] in the Fourier expansion of B1
+    g.C1f = function (eps, c) {
+        var eps2 = m.sq(eps), d = eps, o = 0, l, p;
+        for (l = 1; l <= g.nC1_; ++l) { // l is index of C1p[l]
+            p = Math.floor((g.nC1_ - l) / 2); // order of polynomial in eps^2
+            c[l] = d * m.polyval(p, C1f_coeff, o, eps2) / C1f_coeff[o + p + 1];
+            o += p + 2;
+            d *= eps;
+        }
+    };
+    C1pf_coeff = [
+        // C1p[1]/eps^1, polynomial in eps2 of order 2
+        +205, -432, 768, 1536,
+        // C1p[2]/eps^2, polynomial in eps2 of order 2
+        +4005, -4736, 3840, 12288,
+        // C1p[3]/eps^3, polynomial in eps2 of order 1
+        -225, 116, 384,
+        // C1p[4]/eps^4, polynomial in eps2 of order 1
+        -7173, 2695, 7680,
+        // C1p[5]/eps^5, polynomial in eps2 of order 0
+        +3467, 7680,
+        // C1p[6]/eps^6, polynomial in eps2 of order 0
+        +38081, 61440
+    ];
+    // The coefficients C1p[l] in the Fourier expansion of B1p
+    g.C1pf = function (eps, c) {
+        var eps2 = m.sq(eps), d = eps, o = 0, l, p;
+        for (l = 1; l <= g.nC1p_; ++l) { // l is index of C1p[l]
+            p = Math.floor((g.nC1p_ - l) / 2); // order of polynomial in eps^2
+            c[l] = d * m.polyval(p, C1pf_coeff, o, eps2) / C1pf_coeff[o + p + 1];
+            o += p + 2;
+            d *= eps;
+        }
+    };
+    A2m1f_coeff = [
+        // (eps+1)*A2-1, polynomial in eps2 of order 3
+        -11, -28, -192, 0, 256
+    ];
+    // The scale factor A2-1 = mean value of (d/dsigma)I2 - 1
+    g.A2m1f = function (eps) {
+        var p = Math.floor(nA2_ / 2), t = m.polyval(p, A2m1f_coeff, 0, m.sq(eps)) / A2m1f_coeff[p + 1];
+        return (t - eps) / (1 + eps);
+    };
+    C2f_coeff = [
+        // C2[1]/eps^1, polynomial in eps2 of order 2
+        +1, 2, 16, 32,
+        // C2[2]/eps^2, polynomial in eps2 of order 2
+        +35, 64, 384, 2048,
+        // C2[3]/eps^3, polynomial in eps2 of order 1
+        +15, 80, 768,
+        // C2[4]/eps^4, polynomial in eps2 of order 1
+        +7, 35, 512,
+        // C2[5]/eps^5, polynomial in eps2 of order 0
+        +63, 1280,
+        // C2[6]/eps^6, polynomial in eps2 of order 0
+        +77, 2048
+    ];
+    // The coefficients C2[l] in the Fourier expansion of B2
+    g.C2f = function (eps, c) {
+        var eps2 = m.sq(eps), d = eps, o = 0, l, p;
+        for (l = 1; l <= g.nC2_; ++l) { // l is index of C2[l]
+            p = Math.floor((g.nC2_ - l) / 2); // order of polynomial in eps^2
+            c[l] = d * m.polyval(p, C2f_coeff, o, eps2) / C2f_coeff[o + p + 1];
+            o += p + 2;
+            d *= eps;
+        }
+    };
+    /**
+     * @class
+     * @property {number} a the equatorial radius (meters).
+     * @property {number} f the flattening.
+     * @summary Initialize a Geodesic object for a specific ellipsoid.
+     * @classdesc Performs geodesic calculations on an ellipsoid of revolution.
+     *   The routines for solving the direct and inverse problems return an
+     *   object with some of the following fields set: lat1, lon1, azi1, lat2,
+     *   lon2, azi2, s12, a12, m12, M12, M21, S12.  See {@tutorial 2-interface},
+     *   section "The results".
+     * @example
+     * var geodesic = require("geographiclib-geodesic"),
+     *     geod = geodesic.Geodesic.WGS84;
+     * var inv = geod.Inverse(1,2,3,4);
+     * console.log("lat1 = " + inv.lat1 + ", lon1 = " + inv.lon1 +
+     *             ", lat2 = " + inv.lat2 + ", lon2 = " + inv.lon2 +
+     *             ",\nazi1 = " + inv.azi1 + ", azi2 = " + inv.azi2 +
+     *             ", s12 = " + inv.s12);
+     * @param {number} a the equatorial radius of the ellipsoid (meters).
+     * @param {number} f the flattening of the ellipsoid.  Setting f = 0 gives
+     *   a sphere (on which geodesics are great circles).  Negative f gives a
+     *   prolate ellipsoid.
+     * @throws an error if the parameters are illegal.
+     */
+    g.Geodesic = function (a, f) {
+        this.a = a;
+        this.f = f;
+        this._f1 = 1 - this.f;
+        this._e2 = this.f * (2 - this.f);
+        this._ep2 = this._e2 / m.sq(this._f1); // e2 / (1 - e2)
+        this._n = this.f / (2 - this.f);
+        this._b = this.a * this._f1;
+        // authalic radius squared
+        this._c2 = (m.sq(this.a) + m.sq(this._b) *
+            (this._e2 === 0 ? 1 :
+                (this._e2 > 0 ? m.atanh(Math.sqrt(this._e2)) :
+                    Math.atan(Math.sqrt(-this._e2))) /
+                    Math.sqrt(Math.abs(this._e2)))) / 2;
+        // The sig12 threshold for "really short".  Using the auxiliary sphere
+        // solution with dnm computed at (bet1 + bet2) / 2, the relative error in
+        // the azimuth consistency check is sig12^2 * abs(f) * min(1, 1-f/2) / 2.
+        // (Error measured for 1/100 < b/a < 100 and abs(f) >= 1/1000.  For a given
+        // f and sig12, the max error occurs for lines near the pole.  If the old
+        // rule for computing dnm = (dn1 + dn2)/2 is used, then the error increases
+        // by a factor of 2.)  Setting this equal to epsilon gives sig12 = etol2.
+        // Here 0.1 is a safety factor (error decreased by 100) and max(0.001,
+        // abs(f)) stops etol2 getting too large in the nearly spherical case.
+        this._etol2 = 0.1 * tol2_ /
+            Math.sqrt(Math.max(0.001, Math.abs(this.f)) *
+                Math.min(1, 1 - this.f / 2) / 2);
+        if (!(isFinite(this.a) && this.a > 0))
+            throw new Error("Equatorial radius is not positive");
+        if (!(isFinite(this._b) && this._b > 0))
+            throw new Error("Polar semi-axis is not positive");
+        this._A3x = new Array(nA3x_);
+        this._C3x = new Array(nC3x_);
+        this._C4x = new Array(nC4x_);
+        this.A3coeff();
+        this.C3coeff();
+        this.C4coeff();
+    };
+    A3_coeff = [
+        // A3, coeff of eps^5, polynomial in n of order 0
+        -3, 128,
+        // A3, coeff of eps^4, polynomial in n of order 1
+        -2, -3, 64,
+        // A3, coeff of eps^3, polynomial in n of order 2
+        -1, -3, -1, 16,
+        // A3, coeff of eps^2, polynomial in n of order 2
+        +3, -1, -2, 8,
+        // A3, coeff of eps^1, polynomial in n of order 1
+        +1, -1, 2,
+        // A3, coeff of eps^0, polynomial in n of order 0
+        +1, 1
+    ];
+    // The scale factor A3 = mean value of (d/dsigma)I3
+    g.Geodesic.prototype.A3coeff = function () {
+        var o = 0, k = 0, j, p;
+        for (j = nA3_ - 1; j >= 0; --j) { // coeff of eps^j
+            p = Math.min(nA3_ - j - 1, j); // order of polynomial in n
+            this._A3x[k++] = m.polyval(p, A3_coeff, o, this._n) /
+                A3_coeff[o + p + 1];
+            o += p + 2;
+        }
+    };
+    C3_coeff = [
+        // C3[1], coeff of eps^5, polynomial in n of order 0
+        +3, 128,
+        // C3[1], coeff of eps^4, polynomial in n of order 1
+        +2, 5, 128,
+        // C3[1], coeff of eps^3, polynomial in n of order 2
+        -1, 3, 3, 64,
+        // C3[1], coeff of eps^2, polynomial in n of order 2
+        -1, 0, 1, 8,
+        // C3[1], coeff of eps^1, polynomial in n of order 1
+        -1, 1, 4,
+        // C3[2], coeff of eps^5, polynomial in n of order 0
+        +5, 256,
+        // C3[2], coeff of eps^4, polynomial in n of order 1
+        +1, 3, 128,
+        // C3[2], coeff of eps^3, polynomial in n of order 2
+        -3, -2, 3, 64,
+        // C3[2], coeff of eps^2, polynomial in n of order 2
+        +1, -3, 2, 32,
+        // C3[3], coeff of eps^5, polynomial in n of order 0
+        +7, 512,
+        // C3[3], coeff of eps^4, polynomial in n of order 1
+        -10, 9, 384,
+        // C3[3], coeff of eps^3, polynomial in n of order 2
+        +5, -9, 5, 192,
+        // C3[4], coeff of eps^5, polynomial in n of order 0
+        +7, 512,
+        // C3[4], coeff of eps^4, polynomial in n of order 1
+        -14, 7, 512,
+        // C3[5], coeff of eps^5, polynomial in n of order 0
+        +21, 2560
+    ];
+    // The coefficients C3[l] in the Fourier expansion of B3
+    g.Geodesic.prototype.C3coeff = function () {
+        var o = 0, k = 0, l, j, p;
+        for (l = 1; l < g.nC3_; ++l) { // l is index of C3[l]
+            for (j = g.nC3_ - 1; j >= l; --j) { // coeff of eps^j
+                p = Math.min(g.nC3_ - j - 1, j); // order of polynomial in n
+                this._C3x[k++] = m.polyval(p, C3_coeff, o, this._n) /
+                    C3_coeff[o + p + 1];
+                o += p + 2;
+            }
+        }
+    };
+    C4_coeff = [
+        // C4[0], coeff of eps^5, polynomial in n of order 0
+        +97, 15015,
+        // C4[0], coeff of eps^4, polynomial in n of order 1
+        +1088, 156, 45045,
+        // C4[0], coeff of eps^3, polynomial in n of order 2
+        -224, -4784, 1573, 45045,
+        // C4[0], coeff of eps^2, polynomial in n of order 3
+        -10656, 14144, -4576, -858, 45045,
+        // C4[0], coeff of eps^1, polynomial in n of order 4
+        +64, 624, -4576, 6864, -3003, 15015,
+        // C4[0], coeff of eps^0, polynomial in n of order 5
+        +100, 208, 572, 3432, -12012, 30030, 45045,
+        // C4[1], coeff of eps^5, polynomial in n of order 0
+        +1, 9009,
+        // C4[1], coeff of eps^4, polynomial in n of order 1
+        -2944, 468, 135135,
+        // C4[1], coeff of eps^3, polynomial in n of order 2
+        +5792, 1040, -1287, 135135,
+        // C4[1], coeff of eps^2, polynomial in n of order 3
+        +5952, -11648, 9152, -2574, 135135,
+        // C4[1], coeff of eps^1, polynomial in n of order 4
+        -64, -624, 4576, -6864, 3003, 135135,
+        // C4[2], coeff of eps^5, polynomial in n of order 0
+        +8, 10725,
+        // C4[2], coeff of eps^4, polynomial in n of order 1
+        +1856, -936, 225225,
+        // C4[2], coeff of eps^3, polynomial in n of order 2
+        -8448, 4992, -1144, 225225,
+        // C4[2], coeff of eps^2, polynomial in n of order 3
+        -1440, 4160, -4576, 1716, 225225,
+        // C4[3], coeff of eps^5, polynomial in n of order 0
+        -136, 63063,
+        // C4[3], coeff of eps^4, polynomial in n of order 1
+        +1024, -208, 105105,
+        // C4[3], coeff of eps^3, polynomial in n of order 2
+        +3584, -3328, 1144, 315315,
+        // C4[4], coeff of eps^5, polynomial in n of order 0
+        -128, 135135,
+        // C4[4], coeff of eps^4, polynomial in n of order 1
+        -2560, 832, 405405,
+        // C4[5], coeff of eps^5, polynomial in n of order 0
+        +128, 99099
+    ];
+    g.Geodesic.prototype.C4coeff = function () {
+        var o = 0, k = 0, l, j, p;
+        for (l = 0; l < g.nC4_; ++l) { // l is index of C4[l]
+            for (j = g.nC4_ - 1; j >= l; --j) { // coeff of eps^j
+                p = g.nC4_ - j - 1; // order of polynomial in n
+                this._C4x[k++] = m.polyval(p, C4_coeff, o, this._n) /
+                    C4_coeff[o + p + 1];
+                o += p + 2;
+            }
+        }
+    };
+    g.Geodesic.prototype.A3f = function (eps) {
+        // Evaluate A3
+        return m.polyval(nA3x_ - 1, this._A3x, 0, eps);
+    };
+    g.Geodesic.prototype.C3f = function (eps, c) {
+        // Evaluate C3 coeffs
+        // Elements c[1] thru c[nC3_ - 1] are set
+        var mult = 1, o = 0, l, p;
+        for (l = 1; l < g.nC3_; ++l) { // l is index of C3[l]
+            p = g.nC3_ - l - 1; // order of polynomial in eps
+            mult *= eps;
+            c[l] = mult * m.polyval(p, this._C3x, o, eps);
+            o += p + 1;
+        }
+    };
+    g.Geodesic.prototype.C4f = function (eps, c) {
+        // Evaluate C4 coeffs
+        // Elements c[0] thru c[g.nC4_ - 1] are set
+        var mult = 1, o = 0, l, p;
+        for (l = 0; l < g.nC4_; ++l) { // l is index of C4[l]
+            p = g.nC4_ - l - 1; // order of polynomial in eps
+            c[l] = mult * m.polyval(p, this._C4x, o, eps);
+            o += p + 1;
+            mult *= eps;
+        }
+    };
+    // return s12b, m12b, m0, M12, M21
+    g.Geodesic.prototype.Lengths = function (eps, sig12, ssig1, csig1, dn1, ssig2, csig2, dn2, cbet1, cbet2, outmask, C1a, C2a) {
+        // Return m12b = (reduced length)/_b; also calculate s12b =
+        // distance/_b, and m0 = coefficient of secular term in
+        // expression for reduced length.
+        outmask &= g.OUT_MASK;
+        var vals = {}, m0x = 0, J12 = 0, A1 = 0, A2 = 0, B1, B2, l, csig12, t;
+        if (outmask & (g.DISTANCE | g.REDUCEDLENGTH | g.GEODESICSCALE)) {
+            A1 = g.A1m1f(eps);
+            g.C1f(eps, C1a);
+            if (outmask & (g.REDUCEDLENGTH | g.GEODESICSCALE)) {
+                A2 = g.A2m1f(eps);
+                g.C2f(eps, C2a);
+                m0x = A1 - A2;
+                A2 = 1 + A2;
+            }
+            A1 = 1 + A1;
+        }
+        if (outmask & g.DISTANCE) {
+            B1 = g.SinCosSeries(true, ssig2, csig2, C1a) -
+                g.SinCosSeries(true, ssig1, csig1, C1a);
+            // Missing a factor of _b
+            vals.s12b = A1 * (sig12 + B1);
+            if (outmask & (g.REDUCEDLENGTH | g.GEODESICSCALE)) {
+                B2 = g.SinCosSeries(true, ssig2, csig2, C2a) -
+                    g.SinCosSeries(true, ssig1, csig1, C2a);
+                J12 = m0x * sig12 + (A1 * B1 - A2 * B2);
+            }
+        }
+        else if (outmask & (g.REDUCEDLENGTH | g.GEODESICSCALE)) {
+            // Assume here that nC1_ >= nC2_
+            for (l = 1; l <= g.nC2_; ++l)
+                C2a[l] = A1 * C1a[l] - A2 * C2a[l];
+            J12 = m0x * sig12 + (g.SinCosSeries(true, ssig2, csig2, C2a) -
+                g.SinCosSeries(true, ssig1, csig1, C2a));
+        }
+        if (outmask & g.REDUCEDLENGTH) {
+            vals.m0 = m0x;
+            // Missing a factor of _b.
+            // Add parens around (csig1 * ssig2) and (ssig1 * csig2) to ensure
+            // accurate cancellation in the case of coincident points.
+            vals.m12b = dn2 * (csig1 * ssig2) - dn1 * (ssig1 * csig2) -
+                csig1 * csig2 * J12;
+        }
+        else
+            vals.m12b = NaN;
+        if (outmask & g.GEODESICSCALE) {
+            csig12 = csig1 * csig2 + ssig1 * ssig2;
+            t = this._ep2 * (cbet1 - cbet2) * (cbet1 + cbet2) / (dn1 + dn2);
+            vals.M12 = csig12 + (t * ssig2 - csig2 * J12) * ssig1 / dn1;
+            vals.M21 = csig12 - (t * ssig1 - csig1 * J12) * ssig2 / dn2;
+        }
+        return vals;
+    };
+    // return sig12, salp1, calp1, salp2, calp2, dnm
+    g.Geodesic.prototype.InverseStart = function (sbet1, cbet1, dn1, sbet2, cbet2, dn2, lam12, slam12, clam12, C1a, C2a) {
+        // Return a starting point for Newton's method in salp1 and calp1
+        // (function value is -1).  If Newton's method doesn't need to be
+        // used, return also salp2 and calp2 and function value is sig12.
+        // salp2, calp2 only updated if return val >= 0.
+        var vals = {}, 
+        // bet12 = bet2 - bet1 in [0, pi); bet12a = bet2 + bet1 in (-pi, 0]
+        sbet12 = sbet2 * cbet1 - cbet2 * sbet1, cbet12 = cbet2 * cbet1 + sbet2 * sbet1, sbet12a, shortline, omg12, sbetm2, somg12, comg12, t, ssig12, csig12, x, y, lamscale, betscale, k2, eps, cbet12a, bet12a, m12b, m0, nvals, k, omg12a, lam12x;
+        vals.sig12 = -1; // Return value
+        // Volatile declaration needed to fix inverse cases
+        // 88.202499451857 0 -88.202499451857 179.981022032992859592
+        // 89.262080389218 0 -89.262080389218 179.992207982775375662
+        // 89.333123580033 0 -89.333123580032997687 179.99295812360148422
+        // which otherwise fail with g++ 4.4.4 x86 -O3
+        sbet12a = sbet2 * cbet1;
+        sbet12a += cbet2 * sbet1;
+        shortline = cbet12 >= 0 && sbet12 < 0.5 && cbet2 * lam12 < 0.5;
+        if (shortline) {
+            sbetm2 = m.sq(sbet1 + sbet2);
+            // sin((bet1+bet2)/2)^2
+            // =  (sbet1 + sbet2)^2 / ((sbet1 + sbet2)^2 + (cbet1 + cbet2)^2)
+            sbetm2 /= sbetm2 + m.sq(cbet1 + cbet2);
+            vals.dnm = Math.sqrt(1 + this._ep2 * sbetm2);
+            omg12 = lam12 / (this._f1 * vals.dnm);
+            somg12 = Math.sin(omg12);
+            comg12 = Math.cos(omg12);
+        }
+        else {
+            somg12 = slam12;
+            comg12 = clam12;
+        }
+        vals.salp1 = cbet2 * somg12;
+        vals.calp1 = comg12 >= 0 ?
+            sbet12 + cbet2 * sbet1 * m.sq(somg12) / (1 + comg12) :
+            sbet12a - cbet2 * sbet1 * m.sq(somg12) / (1 - comg12);
+        ssig12 = m.hypot(vals.salp1, vals.calp1);
+        csig12 = sbet1 * sbet2 + cbet1 * cbet2 * comg12;
+        if (shortline && ssig12 < this._etol2) {
+            // really short lines
+            vals.salp2 = cbet1 * somg12;
+            vals.calp2 = sbet12 - cbet1 * sbet2 *
+                (comg12 >= 0 ? m.sq(somg12) / (1 + comg12) : 1 - comg12);
+            // norm(vals.salp2, vals.calp2);
+            t = m.hypot(vals.salp2, vals.calp2);
+            vals.salp2 /= t;
+            vals.calp2 /= t;
+            // Set return value
+            vals.sig12 = Math.atan2(ssig12, csig12);
+        }
+        else if (Math.abs(this._n) > 0.1 || // Skip astroid calc if too eccentric
+            csig12 >= 0 ||
+            ssig12 >= 6 * Math.abs(this._n) * Math.PI * m.sq(cbet1)) {
+            // Nothing to do, zeroth order spherical approximation is OK
+        }
+        else {
+            // Scale lam12 and bet2 to x, y coordinate system where antipodal
+            // point is at origin and singular point is at y = 0, x = -1.
+            lam12x = Math.atan2(-slam12, -clam12); // lam12 - pi
+            if (this.f >= 0) { // In fact f == 0 does not get here
+                // x = dlong, y = dlat
+                k2 = m.sq(sbet1) * this._ep2;
+                eps = k2 / (2 * (1 + Math.sqrt(1 + k2)) + k2);
+                lamscale = this.f * cbet1 * this.A3f(eps) * Math.PI;
+                betscale = lamscale * cbet1;
+                x = lam12x / lamscale;
+                y = sbet12a / betscale;
+            }
+            else { // f < 0
+                // x = dlat, y = dlong
+                cbet12a = cbet2 * cbet1 - sbet2 * sbet1;
+                bet12a = Math.atan2(sbet12a, cbet12a);
+                // In the case of lon12 = 180, this repeats a calculation made
+                // in Inverse.
+                nvals = this.Lengths(this._n, Math.PI + bet12a, sbet1, -cbet1, dn1, sbet2, cbet2, dn2, cbet1, cbet2, g.REDUCEDLENGTH, C1a, C2a);
+                m12b = nvals.m12b;
+                m0 = nvals.m0;
+                x = -1 + m12b / (cbet1 * cbet2 * m0 * Math.PI);
+                betscale = x < -0.01 ? sbet12a / x :
+                    -this.f * m.sq(cbet1) * Math.PI;
+                lamscale = betscale / cbet1;
+                y = lam12 / lamscale;
+            }
+            if (y > -tol1_ && x > -1 - xthresh_) {
+                // strip near cut
+                if (this.f >= 0) {
+                    vals.salp1 = Math.min(1, -x);
+                    vals.calp1 = -Math.sqrt(1 - m.sq(vals.salp1));
+                }
+                else {
+                    vals.calp1 = Math.max(x > -tol1_ ? 0 : -1, x);
+                    vals.salp1 = Math.sqrt(1 - m.sq(vals.calp1));
+                }
+            }
+            else {
+                // Estimate alp1, by solving the astroid problem.
+                //
+                // Could estimate alpha1 = theta + pi/2, directly, i.e.,
+                //   calp1 = y/k; salp1 = -x/(1+k);  for f >= 0
+                //   calp1 = x/(1+k); salp1 = -y/k;  for f < 0 (need to check)
+                //
+                // However, it's better to estimate omg12 from astroid and use
+                // spherical formula to compute alp1.  This reduces the mean number of
+                // Newton iterations for astroid cases from 2.24 (min 0, max 6) to 2.12
+                // (min 0 max 5).  The changes in the number of iterations are as
+                // follows:
+                //
+                // change percent
+                //    1       5
+                //    0      78
+                //   -1      16
+                //   -2       0.6
+                //   -3       0.04
+                //   -4       0.002
+                //
+                // The histogram of iterations is (m = number of iterations estimating
+                // alp1 directly, n = number of iterations estimating via omg12, total
+                // number of trials = 148605):
+                //
+                //  iter    m      n
+                //    0   148    186
+                //    1 13046  13845
+                //    2 93315 102225
+                //    3 36189  32341
+                //    4  5396      7
+                //    5   455      1
+                //    6    56      0
+                //
+                // Because omg12 is near pi, estimate work with omg12a = pi - omg12
+                k = astroid(x, y);
+                omg12a = lamscale * (this.f >= 0 ? -x * k / (1 + k) : -y * (1 + k) / k);
+                somg12 = Math.sin(omg12a);
+                comg12 = -Math.cos(omg12a);
+                // Update spherical estimate of alp1 using omg12 instead of
+                // lam12
+                vals.salp1 = cbet2 * somg12;
+                vals.calp1 = sbet12a -
+                    cbet2 * sbet1 * m.sq(somg12) / (1 - comg12);
+            }
+        }
+        // Sanity check on starting guess.  Backwards check allows NaN through.
+        // jshint -W018
+        if (!(vals.salp1 <= 0)) {
+            // norm(vals.salp1, vals.calp1);
+            t = m.hypot(vals.salp1, vals.calp1);
+            vals.salp1 /= t;
+            vals.calp1 /= t;
+        }
+        else {
+            vals.salp1 = 1;
+            vals.calp1 = 0;
+        }
+        return vals;
+    };
+    // return lam12, salp2, calp2, sig12, ssig1, csig1, ssig2, csig2, eps,
+    // domg12, dlam12,
+    g.Geodesic.prototype.Lambda12 = function (sbet1, cbet1, dn1, sbet2, cbet2, dn2, salp1, calp1, slam120, clam120, diffp, C1a, C2a, C3a) {
+        var vals = {}, t, salp0, calp0, somg1, comg1, somg2, comg2, somg12, comg12, B312, eta, k2, nvals;
+        if (sbet1 === 0 && calp1 === 0)
+            // Break degeneracy of equatorial line.  This case has already been
+            // handled.
+            calp1 = -g.tiny_;
+        // sin(alp1) * cos(bet1) = sin(alp0)
+        salp0 = salp1 * cbet1;
+        calp0 = m.hypot(calp1, salp1 * sbet1); // calp0 > 0
+        // tan(bet1) = tan(sig1) * cos(alp1)
+        // tan(omg1) = sin(alp0) * tan(sig1) = tan(omg1)=tan(alp1)*sin(bet1)
+        vals.ssig1 = sbet1;
+        somg1 = salp0 * sbet1;
+        vals.csig1 = comg1 = calp1 * cbet1;
+        // norm(vals.ssig1, vals.csig1);
+        t = m.hypot(vals.ssig1, vals.csig1);
+        vals.ssig1 /= t;
+        vals.csig1 /= t;
+        // norm(somg1, comg1); -- don't need to normalize!
+        // Enforce symmetries in the case abs(bet2) = -bet1.  Need to be careful
+        // about this case, since this can yield singularities in the Newton
+        // iteration.
+        // sin(alp2) * cos(bet2) = sin(alp0)
+        vals.salp2 = cbet2 !== cbet1 ? salp0 / cbet2 : salp1;
+        // calp2 = sqrt(1 - sq(salp2))
+        //       = sqrt(sq(calp0) - sq(sbet2)) / cbet2
+        // and subst for calp0 and rearrange to give (choose positive sqrt
+        // to give alp2 in [0, pi/2]).
+        vals.calp2 = cbet2 !== cbet1 || Math.abs(sbet2) !== -sbet1 ?
+            Math.sqrt(m.sq(calp1 * cbet1) + (cbet1 < -sbet1 ?
+                (cbet2 - cbet1) * (cbet1 + cbet2) :
+                (sbet1 - sbet2) * (sbet1 + sbet2))) /
+                cbet2 : Math.abs(calp1);
+        // tan(bet2) = tan(sig2) * cos(alp2)
+        // tan(omg2) = sin(alp0) * tan(sig2).
+        vals.ssig2 = sbet2;
+        somg2 = salp0 * sbet2;
+        vals.csig2 = comg2 = vals.calp2 * cbet2;
+        // norm(vals.ssig2, vals.csig2);
+        t = m.hypot(vals.ssig2, vals.csig2);
+        vals.ssig2 /= t;
+        vals.csig2 /= t;
+        // norm(somg2, comg2); -- don't need to normalize!
+        // sig12 = sig2 - sig1, limit to [0, pi]
+        vals.sig12 = Math.atan2(Math.max(0, vals.csig1 * vals.ssig2 -
+            vals.ssig1 * vals.csig2), vals.csig1 * vals.csig2 +
+            vals.ssig1 * vals.ssig2);
+        // omg12 = omg2 - omg1, limit to [0, pi]
+        somg12 = Math.max(0, comg1 * somg2 - somg1 * comg2);
+        comg12 = comg1 * comg2 + somg1 * somg2;
+        // eta = omg12 - lam120
+        eta = Math.atan2(somg12 * clam120 - comg12 * slam120, comg12 * clam120 + somg12 * slam120);
+        k2 = m.sq(calp0) * this._ep2;
+        vals.eps = k2 / (2 * (1 + Math.sqrt(1 + k2)) + k2);
+        this.C3f(vals.eps, C3a);
+        B312 = (g.SinCosSeries(true, vals.ssig2, vals.csig2, C3a) -
+            g.SinCosSeries(true, vals.ssig1, vals.csig1, C3a));
+        vals.domg12 = -this.f * this.A3f(vals.eps) * salp0 * (vals.sig12 + B312);
+        vals.lam12 = eta + vals.domg12;
+        if (diffp) {
+            if (vals.calp2 === 0)
+                vals.dlam12 = -2 * this._f1 * dn1 / sbet1;
+            else {
+                nvals = this.Lengths(vals.eps, vals.sig12, vals.ssig1, vals.csig1, dn1, vals.ssig2, vals.csig2, dn2, cbet1, cbet2, g.REDUCEDLENGTH, C1a, C2a);
+                vals.dlam12 = nvals.m12b;
+                vals.dlam12 *= this._f1 / (vals.calp2 * cbet2);
+            }
+        }
+        return vals;
+    };
+    /**
+     * @summary Solve the inverse geodesic problem.
+     * @param {number} lat1 the latitude of the first point in degrees.
+     * @param {number} lon1 the longitude of the first point in degrees.
+     * @param {number} lat2 the latitude of the second point in degrees.
+     * @param {number} lon2 the longitude of the second point in degrees.
+     * @param {bitmask} [outmask = STANDARD] which results to include.
+     * @return {object} the requested results
+     * @description The lat1, lon1, lat2, lon2, and a12 fields of the result are
+     *   always set.  For details on the outmask parameter, see {@tutorial
+     *   2-interface}, "The outmask and caps parameters".
+     */
+    g.Geodesic.prototype.Inverse = function (lat1, lon1, lat2, lon2, outmask) {
+        var r, vals;
+        if (!outmask)
+            outmask = g.STANDARD;
+        if (outmask === g.LONG_UNROLL)
+            outmask |= g.STANDARD;
+        outmask &= g.OUT_MASK;
+        r = this.InverseInt(lat1, lon1, lat2, lon2, outmask);
+        vals = r.vals;
+        if (outmask & g.AZIMUTH) {
+            vals.azi1 = m.atan2d(r.salp1, r.calp1);
+            vals.azi2 = m.atan2d(r.salp2, r.calp2);
+        }
+        return vals;
+    };
+    g.Geodesic.prototype.InverseInt = function (lat1, lon1, lat2, lon2, outmask) {
+        var vals = {}, lon12, lon12s, lonsign, t, swapp, latsign, sbet1, cbet1, sbet2, cbet2, s12x, m12x, dn1, dn2, lam12, slam12, clam12, sig12, calp1, salp1, calp2, salp2, C1a, C2a, C3a, meridian, nvals, ssig1, csig1, ssig2, csig2, eps, omg12, dnm, numit, salp1a, calp1a, salp1b, calp1b, tripn, tripb, v, dv, dalp1, sdalp1, cdalp1, nsalp1, lengthmask, salp0, calp0, alp12, k2, A4, C4a, B41, B42, somg12, comg12, domg12, dbet1, dbet2, salp12, calp12, sdomg12, cdomg12;
+        // Compute longitude difference (AngDiff does this carefully).  Result is
+        // in [-180, 180] but -180 is only for west-going geodesics.  180 is for
+        // east-going and meridional geodesics.
+        vals.lat1 = lat1 = m.LatFix(lat1);
+        vals.lat2 = lat2 = m.LatFix(lat2);
+        // If really close to the equator, treat as on equator.
+        lat1 = m.AngRound(lat1);
+        lat2 = m.AngRound(lat2);
+        lon12 = m.AngDiff(lon1, lon2);
+        lon12s = lon12.e;
+        lon12 = lon12.d;
+        if (outmask & g.LONG_UNROLL) {
+            vals.lon1 = lon1;
+            vals.lon2 = (lon1 + lon12) + lon12s;
+        }
+        else {
+            vals.lon1 = m.AngNormalize(lon1);
+            vals.lon2 = m.AngNormalize(lon2);
+        }
+        // Make longitude difference positive.
+        lonsign = m.copysign(1, lon12);
+        lon12 *= lonsign;
+        lon12s *= lonsign;
+        lam12 = lon12 * m.degree;
+        // Calculate sincos of lon12 + error (this applies AngRound internally).
+        t = m.sincosde(lon12, lon12s);
+        slam12 = t.s;
+        clam12 = t.c;
+        lon12s = (180 - lon12) - lon12s; // the supplementary longitude difference
+        // Swap points so that point with higher (abs) latitude is point 1
+        // If one latitude is a nan, then it becomes lat1.
+        swapp = Math.abs(lat1) < Math.abs(lat2) || isNaN(lat2) ? -1 : 1;
+        if (swapp < 0) {
+            lonsign *= -1;
+            [lat2, lat1] = [lat1, lat2]; // swap(lat1, lat2);
+        }
+        // Make lat1 <= 0
+        latsign = m.copysign(1, -lat1);
+        lat1 *= latsign;
+        lat2 *= latsign;
+        // Now we have
+        //
+        //     0 <= lon12 <= 180
+        //     -90 <= lat1 <= 0
+        //     lat1 <= lat2 <= -lat1
+        //
+        // longsign, swapp, latsign register the transformation to bring the
+        // coordinates to this canonical form.  In all cases, 1 means no change was
+        // made.  We make these transformations so that there are few cases to
+        // check, e.g., on verifying quadrants in atan2.  In addition, this
+        // enforces some symmetries in the results returned.
+        t = m.sincosd(lat1);
+        sbet1 = this._f1 * t.s;
+        cbet1 = t.c;
+        // norm(sbet1, cbet1);
+        t = m.hypot(sbet1, cbet1);
+        sbet1 /= t;
+        cbet1 /= t;
+        // Ensure cbet1 = +epsilon at poles
+        cbet1 = Math.max(g.tiny_, cbet1);
+        t = m.sincosd(lat2);
+        sbet2 = this._f1 * t.s;
+        cbet2 = t.c;
+        // norm(sbet2, cbet2);
+        t = m.hypot(sbet2, cbet2);
+        sbet2 /= t;
+        cbet2 /= t;
+        // Ensure cbet2 = +epsilon at poles
+        cbet2 = Math.max(g.tiny_, cbet2);
+        // If cbet1 < -sbet1, then cbet2 - cbet1 is a sensitive measure of the
+        // |bet1| - |bet2|.  Alternatively (cbet1 >= -sbet1), abs(sbet2) + sbet1 is
+        // a better measure.  This logic is used in assigning calp2 in Lambda12.
+        // Sometimes these quantities vanish and in that case we force bet2 = +/-
+        // bet1 exactly.  An example where is is necessary is the inverse problem
+        // 48.522876735459 0 -48.52287673545898293 179.599720456223079643
+        // which failed with Visual Studio 10 (Release and Debug)
+        if (cbet1 < -sbet1) {
+            if (cbet2 === cbet1)
+                sbet2 = m.copysign(sbet1, sbet2);
+        }
+        else {
+            if (Math.abs(sbet2) === -sbet1)
+                cbet2 = cbet1;
+        }
+        dn1 = Math.sqrt(1 + this._ep2 * m.sq(sbet1));
+        dn2 = Math.sqrt(1 + this._ep2 * m.sq(sbet2));
+        // index zero elements of these arrays are unused
+        C1a = new Array(g.nC1_ + 1);
+        C2a = new Array(g.nC2_ + 1);
+        C3a = new Array(g.nC3_);
+        meridian = lat1 === -90 || slam12 === 0;
+        if (meridian) {
+            // Endpoints are on a single full meridian, so the geodesic might
+            // lie on a meridian.
+            calp1 = clam12;
+            salp1 = slam12; // Head to the target longitude
+            calp2 = 1;
+            salp2 = 0; // At the target we're heading north
+            // tan(bet) = tan(sig) * cos(alp)
+            ssig1 = sbet1;
+            csig1 = calp1 * cbet1;
+            ssig2 = sbet2;
+            csig2 = calp2 * cbet2;
+            // sig12 = sig2 - sig1
+            sig12 = Math.atan2(Math.max(0, csig1 * ssig2 - ssig1 * csig2), csig1 * csig2 + ssig1 * ssig2);
+            nvals = this.Lengths(this._n, sig12, ssig1, csig1, dn1, ssig2, csig2, dn2, cbet1, cbet2, outmask | g.DISTANCE | g.REDUCEDLENGTH, C1a, C2a);
+            s12x = nvals.s12b;
+            m12x = nvals.m12b;
+            // Ignore m0
+            if (outmask & g.GEODESICSCALE) {
+                vals.M12 = nvals.M12;
+                vals.M21 = nvals.M21;
+            }
+            // Add the check for sig12 since zero length geodesics might yield
+            // m12 < 0.  Test case was
+            //
+            //    echo 20.001 0 20.001 0 | GeodSolve -i
+            if (sig12 < tol2_ || m12x >= 0) {
+                // Need at least 2, to handle 90 0 90 180
+                if (sig12 < 3 * g.tiny_ ||
+                    // Prevent negative s12 or m12 for short lines
+                    (sig12 < tol0_ && (s12x < 0 || m12x < 0)))
+                    sig12 = m12x = s12x = 0;
+                m12x *= this._b;
+                s12x *= this._b;
+                vals.a12 = sig12 / m.degree;
+            }
+            else
+                // m12 < 0, i.e., prolate and too close to anti-podal
+                meridian = false;
+        }
+        somg12 = 2;
+        if (!meridian &&
+            sbet1 === 0 && // and sbet2 == 0
+            (this.f <= 0 || lon12s >= this.f * 180)) {
+            // Geodesic runs along equator
+            calp1 = calp2 = 0;
+            salp1 = salp2 = 1;
+            s12x = this.a * lam12;
+            sig12 = omg12 = lam12 / this._f1;
+            m12x = this._b * Math.sin(sig12);
+            if (outmask & g.GEODESICSCALE)
+                vals.M12 = vals.M21 = Math.cos(sig12);
+            vals.a12 = lon12 / this._f1;
+        }
+        else if (!meridian) {
+            // Now point1 and point2 belong within a hemisphere bounded by a
+            // meridian and geodesic is neither meridional or equatorial.
+            // Figure a starting point for Newton's method
+            nvals = this.InverseStart(sbet1, cbet1, dn1, sbet2, cbet2, dn2, lam12, slam12, clam12, C1a, C2a);
+            sig12 = nvals.sig12;
+            salp1 = nvals.salp1;
+            calp1 = nvals.calp1;
+            if (sig12 >= 0) {
+                salp2 = nvals.salp2;
+                calp2 = nvals.calp2;
+                // Short lines (InverseStart sets salp2, calp2, dnm)
+                dnm = nvals.dnm;
+                s12x = sig12 * this._b * dnm;
+                m12x = m.sq(dnm) * this._b * Math.sin(sig12 / dnm);
+                if (outmask & g.GEODESICSCALE)
+                    vals.M12 = vals.M21 = Math.cos(sig12 / dnm);
+                vals.a12 = sig12 / m.degree;
+                omg12 = lam12 / (this._f1 * dnm);
+            }
+            else {
+                // Newton's method.  This is a straightforward solution of f(alp1) =
+                // lambda12(alp1) - lam12 = 0 with one wrinkle.  f(alp) has exactly one
+                // root in the interval (0, pi) and its derivative is positive at the
+                // root.  Thus f(alp) is positive for alp > alp1 and negative for alp <
+                // alp1.  During the course of the iteration, a range (alp1a, alp1b) is
+                // maintained which brackets the root and with each evaluation of
+                // f(alp) the range is shrunk if possible.  Newton's method is
+                // restarted whenever the derivative of f is negative (because the new
+                // value of alp1 is then further from the solution) or if the new
+                // estimate of alp1 lies outside (0,pi); in this case, the new starting
+                // guess is taken to be (alp1a + alp1b) / 2.
+                numit = 0;
+                // Bracketing range
+                salp1a = g.tiny_;
+                calp1a = 1;
+                salp1b = g.tiny_;
+                calp1b = -1;
+                for (tripn = false, tripb = false;; ++numit) {
+                    // the WGS84 test set: mean = 1.47, sd = 1.25, max = 16
+                    // WGS84 and random input: mean = 2.85, sd = 0.60
+                    nvals = this.Lambda12(sbet1, cbet1, dn1, sbet2, cbet2, dn2, salp1, calp1, slam12, clam12, numit < maxit1_, C1a, C2a, C3a);
+                    v = nvals.lam12;
+                    salp2 = nvals.salp2;
+                    calp2 = nvals.calp2;
+                    sig12 = nvals.sig12;
+                    ssig1 = nvals.ssig1;
+                    csig1 = nvals.csig1;
+                    ssig2 = nvals.ssig2;
+                    csig2 = nvals.csig2;
+                    eps = nvals.eps;
+                    domg12 = nvals.domg12;
+                    dv = nvals.dlam12;
+                    // Reversed test to allow escape with NaNs
+                    // jshint -W018
+                    if (tripb || !(Math.abs(v) >= (tripn ? 8 : 1) * tol0_) ||
+                        numit == maxit2_)
+                        break;
+                    // Update bracketing values
+                    if (v > 0 && (numit < maxit1_ || calp1 / salp1 > calp1b / salp1b)) {
+                        salp1b = salp1;
+                        calp1b = calp1;
+                    }
+                    else if (v < 0 &&
+                        (numit < maxit1_ || calp1 / salp1 < calp1a / salp1a)) {
+                        salp1a = salp1;
+                        calp1a = calp1;
+                    }
+                    if (numit < maxit1_ && dv > 0) {
+                        dalp1 = -v / dv;
+                        if (Math.abs(dalp1) < Math.PI) {
+                            sdalp1 = Math.sin(dalp1);
+                            cdalp1 = Math.cos(dalp1);
+                            nsalp1 = salp1 * cdalp1 + calp1 * sdalp1;
+                            if (nsalp1 > 0) {
+                                calp1 = calp1 * cdalp1 - salp1 * sdalp1;
+                                salp1 = nsalp1;
+                                // norm(salp1, calp1);
+                                t = m.hypot(salp1, calp1);
+                                salp1 /= t;
+                                calp1 /= t;
+                                // In some regimes we don't get quadratic convergence because
+                                // slope -> 0.  So use convergence conditions based on epsilon
+                                // instead of sqrt(epsilon).
+                                tripn = Math.abs(v) <= 16 * tol0_;
+                                continue;
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                    // Either dv was not positive or updated value was outside legal
+                    // range.  Use the midpoint of the bracket as the next estimate.
+                    // This mechanism is not needed for the WGS84 ellipsoid, but it does
+                    // catch problems with more eccentric ellipsoids.  Its efficacy is
+                    // such for the WGS84 test set with the starting guess set to alp1 =
+                    // 90deg:
+                    // the WGS84 test set: mean = 5.21, sd = 3.93, max = 24
+                    // WGS84 and random input: mean = 4.74, sd = 0.99
+                    salp1 = (salp1a + salp1b) / 2;
+                    calp1 = (calp1a + calp1b) / 2;
+                    // norm(salp1, calp1);
+                    t = m.hypot(salp1, calp1);
+                    salp1 /= t;
+                    calp1 /= t;
+                    tripn = false;
+                    tripb = (Math.abs(salp1a - salp1) + (calp1a - calp1) < tolb_ ||
+                        Math.abs(salp1 - salp1b) + (calp1 - calp1b) < tolb_);
+                }
+                lengthmask = outmask |
+                    (outmask & (g.REDUCEDLENGTH | g.GEODESICSCALE) ?
+                        g.DISTANCE : g.NONE);
+                nvals = this.Lengths(eps, sig12, ssig1, csig1, dn1, ssig2, csig2, dn2, cbet1, cbet2, lengthmask, C1a, C2a);
+                s12x = nvals.s12b;
+                m12x = nvals.m12b;
+                // Ignore m0
+                if (outmask & g.GEODESICSCALE) {
+                    vals.M12 = nvals.M12;
+                    vals.M21 = nvals.M21;
+                }
+                m12x *= this._b;
+                s12x *= this._b;
+                vals.a12 = sig12 / m.degree;
+                if (outmask & g.AREA) {
+                    // omg12 = lam12 - domg12
+                    sdomg12 = Math.sin(domg12);
+                    cdomg12 = Math.cos(domg12);
+                    somg12 = slam12 * cdomg12 - clam12 * sdomg12;
+                    comg12 = clam12 * cdomg12 + slam12 * sdomg12;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        if (outmask & g.DISTANCE)
+            vals.s12 = 0 + s12x; // Convert -0 to 0
+        if (outmask & g.REDUCEDLENGTH)
+            vals.m12 = 0 + m12x; // Convert -0 to 0
+        if (outmask & g.AREA) {
+            // From Lambda12: sin(alp1) * cos(bet1) = sin(alp0)
+            salp0 = salp1 * cbet1;
+            calp0 = m.hypot(calp1, salp1 * sbet1); // calp0 > 0
+            if (calp0 !== 0 && salp0 !== 0) {
+                // From Lambda12: tan(bet) = tan(sig) * cos(alp)
+                ssig1 = sbet1;
+                csig1 = calp1 * cbet1;
+                ssig2 = sbet2;
+                csig2 = calp2 * cbet2;
+                k2 = m.sq(calp0) * this._ep2;
+                eps = k2 / (2 * (1 + Math.sqrt(1 + k2)) + k2);
+                // Multiplier = a^2 * e^2 * cos(alpha0) * sin(alpha0).
+                A4 = m.sq(this.a) * calp0 * salp0 * this._e2;
+                // norm(ssig1, csig1);
+                t = m.hypot(ssig1, csig1);
+                ssig1 /= t;
+                csig1 /= t;
+                // norm(ssig2, csig2);
+                t = m.hypot(ssig2, csig2);
+                ssig2 /= t;
+                csig2 /= t;
+                C4a = new Array(g.nC4_);
+                this.C4f(eps, C4a);
+                B41 = g.SinCosSeries(false, ssig1, csig1, C4a);
+                B42 = g.SinCosSeries(false, ssig2, csig2, C4a);
+                vals.S12 = A4 * (sig12 < 0.01 ?
+                    g.SinCosSeries(false, ssig1, csig1, C4a, sig12) : B42 - B41);
+            }
+            else
+                // Avoid problems with indeterminate sig1, sig2 on equator
+                vals.S12 = 0;
+            if (!meridian && somg12 == 2) {
+                somg12 = Math.sin(omg12);
+                comg12 = Math.cos(omg12);
+            }
+            if (!meridian &&
+                comg12 > -0.7071 && // Long difference not too big
+                sbet2 - sbet1 < 1.75) { // Lat difference not too big
+                // Use tan(Gamma/2) = tan(omg12/2)
+                // * (tan(bet1/2)+tan(bet2/2))/(1+tan(bet1/2)*tan(bet2/2))
+                // with tan(x/2) = sin(x)/(1+cos(x))
+                domg12 = 1 + comg12;
+                dbet1 = 1 + cbet1;
+                dbet2 = 1 + cbet2;
+                alp12 = 2 * Math.atan2(somg12 * (sbet1 * dbet2 + sbet2 * dbet1), domg12 * (sbet1 * sbet2 + dbet1 * dbet2));
+            }
+            else {
+                // alp12 = alp2 - alp1, used in atan2 so no need to normalize
+                salp12 = salp2 * calp1 - calp2 * salp1;
+                calp12 = calp2 * calp1 + salp2 * salp1;
+                // The right thing appears to happen if alp1 = +/-180 and alp2 = 0, viz
+                // salp12 = -0 and alp12 = -180.  However this depends on the sign
+                // being attached to 0 correctly.  The following ensures the correct
+                // behavior.
+                if (salp12 === 0 && calp12 < 0) {
+                    salp12 = g.tiny_ * calp1;
+                    calp12 = -1;
+                }
+                alp12 = Math.atan2(salp12, calp12);
+            }
+            vals.S12 += this._c2 * alp12;
+            vals.S12 *= swapp * lonsign * latsign;
+            // Convert -0 to 0
+            vals.S12 += 0;
+        }
+        // Convert calp, salp to azimuth accounting for lonsign, swapp, latsign.
+        if (swapp < 0) {
+            [salp2, salp1] = [salp1, salp2]; // swap(salp1, salp2);
+            [calp2, calp1] = [calp1, calp2]; // swap(calp1, calp2);
+            if (outmask & g.GEODESICSCALE) {
+                [vals.M21, vals.M12] = [vals.M12, vals.M21]; //swap(vals.M12, vals.M21);
+            }
+        }
+        salp1 *= swapp * lonsign;
+        calp1 *= swapp * latsign;
+        salp2 *= swapp * lonsign;
+        calp2 *= swapp * latsign;
+        return { vals: vals,
+            salp1: salp1, calp1: calp1,
+            salp2: salp2, calp2: calp2 };
+    };
+    /**
+     * @summary Solve the general direct geodesic problem.
+     * @param {number} lat1 the latitude of the first point in degrees.
+     * @param {number} lon1 the longitude of the first point in degrees.
+     * @param {number} azi1 the azimuth at the first point in degrees.
+     * @param {bool} arcmode is the next parameter an arc length?
+     * @param {number} s12_a12 the (arcmode ? arc length : distance) from the
+     *   first point to the second in (arcmode ? degrees : meters).
+     * @param {bitmask} [outmask = STANDARD] which results to include.
+     * @return {object} the requested results.
+     * @description The lat1, lon1, azi1, and a12 fields of the result are always
+     *   set; s12 is included if arcmode is false.  For details on the outmask
+     *   parameter, see {@tutorial 2-interface}, "The outmask and caps
+     *   parameters".
+     */
+    g.Geodesic.prototype.GenDirect = function (lat1, lon1, azi1, arcmode, s12_a12, outmask) {
+        var line;
+        if (!outmask)
+            outmask = g.STANDARD;
+        else if (outmask === g.LONG_UNROLL)
+            outmask |= g.STANDARD;
+        // Automatically supply DISTANCE_IN if necessary
+        if (!arcmode)
+            outmask |= g.DISTANCE_IN;
+        line = new l.GeodesicLine(this, lat1, lon1, azi1, outmask);
+        return line.GenPosition(arcmode, s12_a12, outmask);
+    };
+    /**
+     * @summary Solve the direct geodesic problem.
+     * @param {number} lat1 the latitude of the first point in degrees.
+     * @param {number} lon1 the longitude of the first point in degrees.
+     * @param {number} azi1 the azimuth at the first point in degrees.
+     * @param {number} s12 the distance from the first point to the second in
+     *   meters.
+     * @param {bitmask} [outmask = STANDARD] which results to include.
+     * @return {object} the requested results.
+     * @description The lat1, lon1, azi1, s12, and a12 fields of the result are
+     *   always set.  For details on the outmask parameter, see {@tutorial
+     *   2-interface}, "The outmask and caps parameters".
+     */
+    g.Geodesic.prototype.Direct = function (lat1, lon1, azi1, s12, outmask) {
+        return this.GenDirect(lat1, lon1, azi1, false, s12, outmask);
+    };
+    /**
+     * @summary Solve the direct geodesic problem with arc length.
+     * @param {number} lat1 the latitude of the first point in degrees.
+     * @param {number} lon1 the longitude of the first point in degrees.
+     * @param {number} azi1 the azimuth at the first point in degrees.
+     * @param {number} a12 the arc length from the first point to the second in
+     *   degrees.
+     * @param {bitmask} [outmask = STANDARD] which results to include.
+     * @return {object} the requested results.
+     * @description The lat1, lon1, azi1, and a12 fields of the result are
+     *   always set.  For details on the outmask parameter, see {@tutorial
+     *   2-interface}, "The outmask and caps parameters".
+     */
+    g.Geodesic.prototype.ArcDirect = function (lat1, lon1, azi1, a12, outmask) {
+        return this.GenDirect(lat1, lon1, azi1, true, a12, outmask);
+    };
+    /**
+     * @summary Create a {@link module:geodesic/GeodesicLine.GeodesicLine
+     *   GeodesicLine} object.
+     * @param {number} lat1 the latitude of the first point in degrees.
+     * @param {number} lon1 the longitude of the first point in degrees.
+     * @param {number} azi1 the azimuth at the first point in degrees.
+     *   degrees.
+     * @param {bitmask} [caps = STANDARD | DISTANCE_IN] which capabilities to
+     *   include.
+     * @return {object} the
+     *   {@link module:geodesic/GeodesicLine.GeodesicLine
+     *   GeodesicLine} object
+     * @description For details on the caps parameter, see {@tutorial
+     *   2-interface}, "The outmask and caps parameters".
+     */
+    g.Geodesic.prototype.Line = function (lat1, lon1, azi1, caps) {
+        return new l.GeodesicLine(this, lat1, lon1, azi1, caps);
+    };
+    /**
+     * @summary Define a {@link module:geodesic/GeodesicLine.GeodesicLine
+     *   GeodesicLine} in terms of the direct geodesic problem specified in terms
+     *   of distance.
+     * @param {number} lat1 the latitude of the first point in degrees.
+     * @param {number} lon1 the longitude of the first point in degrees.
+     * @param {number} azi1 the azimuth at the first point in degrees.
+     *   degrees.
+     * @param {number} s12 the distance between point 1 and point 2 (meters); it
+     *   can be negative.
+     * @param {bitmask} [caps = STANDARD | DISTANCE_IN] which capabilities to
+     *   include.
+     * @return {object} the
+     *   {@link module:geodesic/GeodesicLine.GeodesicLine
+     *   GeodesicLine} object
+     * @description This function sets point 3 of the GeodesicLine to correspond
+     *   to point 2 of the direct geodesic problem.  For details on the caps
+     *   parameter, see {@tutorial 2-interface}, "The outmask and caps
+     *   parameters".
+     */
+    g.Geodesic.prototype.DirectLine = function (lat1, lon1, azi1, s12, caps) {
+        return this.GenDirectLine(lat1, lon1, azi1, false, s12, caps);
+    };
+    /**
+     * @summary Define a {@link module:geodesic/GeodesicLine.GeodesicLine
+     *   GeodesicLine} in terms of the direct geodesic problem specified in terms
+     *   of arc length.
+     * @param {number} lat1 the latitude of the first point in degrees.
+     * @param {number} lon1 the longitude of the first point in degrees.
+     * @param {number} azi1 the azimuth at the first point in degrees.
+     *   degrees.
+     * @param {number} a12 the arc length between point 1 and point 2 (degrees);
+     *   it can be negative.
+     * @param {bitmask} [caps = STANDARD | DISTANCE_IN] which capabilities to
+     *   include.
+     * @return {object} the
+     *   {@link module:geodesic/GeodesicLine.GeodesicLine
+     *   GeodesicLine} object
+     * @description This function sets point 3 of the GeodesicLine to correspond
+     *   to point 2 of the direct geodesic problem.  For details on the caps
+     *   parameter, see {@tutorial 2-interface}, "The outmask and caps
+     *   parameters".
+     */
+    g.Geodesic.prototype.ArcDirectLine = function (lat1, lon1, azi1, a12, caps) {
+        return this.GenDirectLine(lat1, lon1, azi1, true, a12, caps);
+    };
+    /**
+     * @summary Define a {@link module:geodesic/GeodesicLine.GeodesicLine
+     *   GeodesicLine} in terms of the direct geodesic problem specified in terms
+     *   of either distance or arc length.
+     * @param {number} lat1 the latitude of the first point in degrees.
+     * @param {number} lon1 the longitude of the first point in degrees.
+     * @param {number} azi1 the azimuth at the first point in degrees.
+     *   degrees.
+     * @param {bool} arcmode boolean flag determining the meaning of the
+     *   s12_a12.
+     * @param {number} s12_a12 if arcmode is false, this is the distance between
+     *   point 1 and point 2 (meters); otherwise it is the arc length between
+     *   point 1 and point 2 (degrees); it can be negative.
+     * @param {bitmask} [caps = STANDARD | DISTANCE_IN] which capabilities to
+     *   include.
+     * @return {object} the
+     *   {@link module:geodesic/GeodesicLine.GeodesicLine
+     *   GeodesicLine} object
+     * @description This function sets point 3 of the GeodesicLine to correspond
+     *   to point 2 of the direct geodesic problem.  For details on the caps
+     *   parameter, see {@tutorial 2-interface}, "The outmask and caps
+     *   parameters".
+     */
+    g.Geodesic.prototype.GenDirectLine = function (lat1, lon1, azi1, arcmode, s12_a12, caps) {
+        var t;
+        if (!caps)
+            caps = g.STANDARD | g.DISTANCE_IN;
+        // Automatically supply DISTANCE_IN if necessary
+        if (!arcmode)
+            caps |= g.DISTANCE_IN;
+        t = new l.GeodesicLine(this, lat1, lon1, azi1, caps);
+        t.GenSetDistance(arcmode, s12_a12);
+        return t;
+    };
+    /**
+     * @summary Define a {@link module:geodesic/GeodesicLine.GeodesicLine
+     *   GeodesicLine} in terms of the inverse geodesic problem.
+     * @param {number} lat1 the latitude of the first point in degrees.
+     * @param {number} lon1 the longitude of the first point in degrees.
+     * @param {number} lat2 the latitude of the second point in degrees.
+     * @param {number} lon2 the longitude of the second point in degrees.
+     * @param {bitmask} [caps = STANDARD | DISTANCE_IN] which capabilities to
+     *   include.
+     * @return {object} the
+     *   {@link module:geodesic/GeodesicLine.GeodesicLine
+     *   GeodesicLine} object
+     * @description This function sets point 3 of the GeodesicLine to correspond
+     *   to point 2 of the inverse geodesic problem.  For details on the caps
+     *   parameter, see {@tutorial 2-interface}, "The outmask and caps
+     *   parameters".
+     */
+    g.Geodesic.prototype.InverseLine = function (lat1, lon1, lat2, lon2, caps) {
+        var r, t, azi1;
+        if (!caps)
+            caps = g.STANDARD | g.DISTANCE_IN;
+        r = this.InverseInt(lat1, lon1, lat2, lon2, g.ARC);
+        azi1 = m.atan2d(r.salp1, r.calp1);
+        // Ensure that a12 can be converted to a distance
+        if (caps & (g.OUT_MASK & g.DISTANCE_IN))
+            caps |= g.DISTANCE;
+        t = new l.GeodesicLine(this, lat1, lon1, azi1, caps, r.salp1, r.calp1);
+        t.SetArc(r.vals.a12);
+        return t;
+    };
+    /**
+     * @summary Create a {@link module:geodesic/PolygonArea.PolygonArea
+     *   PolygonArea} object.
+     * @param {bool} [polyline = false] if true the new PolygonArea object
+     *   describes a polyline instead of a polygon.
+     * @return {object} the
+     *   {@link module:geodesic/PolygonArea.PolygonArea
+     *   PolygonArea} object
+     */
+    g.Geodesic.prototype.Polygon = function (polyline) {
+        return new p.PolygonArea(this, polyline);
+    };
+    /**
+     * @summary a {@link module:geodesic/Geodesic.Geodesic Geodesic} object
+     *   initialized for the WGS84 ellipsoid.
+     * @constant {object}
+     */
+    g.WGS84 = new g.Geodesic(c.WGS84.a, c.WGS84.f);
+})(geodesic.Geodesic, geodesic.GeodesicLine, geodesic.PolygonArea, geodesic.Math, geodesic.Constants);
+/*
+ * GeodesicLine.js
+ * Transcription of GeodesicLine.[ch]pp into JavaScript.
+ *
+ * See the documentation for the C++ class.  The conversion is a literal
+ * conversion from C++.
+ *
+ * The algorithms are derived in
+ *
+ *    Charles F. F. Karney,
+ *    Algorithms for geodesics, J. Geodesy 87, 43-55 (2013);
+ *    https://doi.org/10.1007/s00190-012-0578-z
+ *    Addenda: https://geographiclib.sourceforge.io/geod-addenda.html
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) Charles Karney (2011-2022) <karney@alum.mit.edu> and licensed
+ * under the MIT/X11 License.  For more information, see
+ * https://geographiclib.sourceforge.io/
+ */
+// Load AFTER geodesic/Math.js, geodesic/Geodesic.js
+(function (g, 
+/**
+ * @exports geodesic/GeodesicLine
+ * @description Solve geodesic problems on a single geodesic line via the
+ *   {@link module:geodesic/GeodesicLine.GeodesicLine GeodesicLine}
+ *   class.
+ */
+l, m) {
+    "use strict";
+    /**
+     * @class
+     * @property {number} a the equatorial radius (meters).
+     * @property {number} f the flattening.
+     * @property {number} lat1 the initial latitude (degrees).
+     * @property {number} lon1 the initial longitude (degrees).
+     * @property {number} azi1 the initial azimuth (degrees).
+     * @property {number} salp1 the sine of the azimuth at the first point.
+     * @property {number} calp1 the cosine the azimuth at the first point.
+     * @property {number} s13 the distance to point 3 (meters).
+     * @property {number} a13 the arc length to point 3 (degrees).
+     * @property {bitmask} caps the capabilities of the object.
+     * @summary Initialize a GeodesicLine object.  For details on the caps
+     *   parameter, see {@tutorial 2-interface}, "The outmask and caps
+     *   parameters".
+     * @classdesc Performs geodesic calculations along a given geodesic line.
+     *   This object is usually instantiated by
+     *   {@link module:geodesic/Geodesic.Geodesic#Line Geodesic.Line}.
+     *   The methods
+     *   {@link module:geodesic/Geodesic.Geodesic#DirectLine
+     *   Geodesic.DirectLine} and
+     *   {@link module:geodesic/Geodesic.Geodesic#InverseLine
+     *   Geodesic.InverseLine} set in addition the position of a reference point
+     *   3.
+     * @param {object} geod a {@link module:geodesic/Geodesic.Geodesic
+     *   Geodesic} object.
+     * @param {number} lat1 the latitude of the first point in degrees.
+     * @param {number} lon1 the longitude of the first point in degrees.
+     * @param {number} azi1 the azimuth at the first point in degrees.
+     * @param {bitmask} [caps = STANDARD | DISTANCE_IN] which capabilities to
+     *   include; LATITUDE | AZIMUTH are always included.
+     */
+    l.GeodesicLine = function (geod, lat1, lon1, azi1, caps, salp1, calp1) {
+        var t, cbet1, sbet1, eps, s, c;
+        if (!caps)
+            caps = g.STANDARD | g.DISTANCE_IN;
+        this.a = geod.a;
+        this.f = geod.f;
+        this._b = geod._b;
+        this._c2 = geod._c2;
+        this._f1 = geod._f1;
+        this.caps = caps | g.LATITUDE | g.AZIMUTH | g.LONG_UNROLL;
+        this.lat1 = m.LatFix(lat1);
+        this.lon1 = lon1;
+        if (typeof salp1 === 'undefined' || typeof calp1 === 'undefined') {
+            this.azi1 = m.AngNormalize(azi1);
+            t = m.sincosd(m.AngRound(this.azi1));
+            this.salp1 = t.s;
+            this.calp1 = t.c;
+        }
+        else {
+            this.azi1 = azi1;
+            this.salp1 = salp1;
+            this.calp1 = calp1;
+        }
+        t = m.sincosd(m.AngRound(this.lat1));
+        sbet1 = this._f1 * t.s;
+        cbet1 = t.c;
+        // norm(sbet1, cbet1);
+        t = m.hypot(sbet1, cbet1);
+        sbet1 /= t;
+        cbet1 /= t;
+        // Ensure cbet1 = +epsilon at poles
+        cbet1 = Math.max(g.tiny_, cbet1);
+        this._dn1 = Math.sqrt(1 + geod._ep2 * m.sq(sbet1));
+        // Evaluate alp0 from sin(alp1) * cos(bet1) = sin(alp0),
+        this._salp0 = this.salp1 * cbet1; // alp0 in [0, pi/2 - |bet1|]
+        // Alt: calp0 = hypot(sbet1, calp1 * cbet1).  The following
+        // is slightly better (consider the case salp1 = 0).
+        this._calp0 = m.hypot(this.calp1, this.salp1 * sbet1);
+        // Evaluate sig with tan(bet1) = tan(sig1) * cos(alp1).
+        // sig = 0 is nearest northward crossing of equator.
+        // With bet1 = 0, alp1 = pi/2, we have sig1 = 0 (equatorial line).
+        // With bet1 =  pi/2, alp1 = -pi, sig1 =  pi/2
+        // With bet1 = -pi/2, alp1 =  0 , sig1 = -pi/2
+        // Evaluate omg1 with tan(omg1) = sin(alp0) * tan(sig1).
+        // With alp0 in (0, pi/2], quadrants for sig and omg coincide.
+        // No atan2(0,0) ambiguity at poles since cbet1 = +epsilon.
+        // With alp0 = 0, omg1 = 0 for alp1 = 0, omg1 = pi for alp1 = pi.
+        this._ssig1 = sbet1;
+        this._somg1 = this._salp0 * sbet1;
+        this._csig1 = this._comg1 =
+            sbet1 !== 0 || this.calp1 !== 0 ? cbet1 * this.calp1 : 1;
+        // norm(this._ssig1, this._csig1); // sig1 in (-pi, pi]
+        t = m.hypot(this._ssig1, this._csig1);
+        this._ssig1 /= t;
+        this._csig1 /= t;
+        // norm(this._somg1, this._comg1); -- don't need to normalize!
+        this._k2 = m.sq(this._calp0) * geod._ep2;
+        eps = this._k2 / (2 * (1 + Math.sqrt(1 + this._k2)) + this._k2);
+        if (this.caps & g.CAP_C1) {
+            this._A1m1 = g.A1m1f(eps);
+            this._C1a = new Array(g.nC1_ + 1);
+            g.C1f(eps, this._C1a);
+            this._B11 = g.SinCosSeries(true, this._ssig1, this._csig1, this._C1a);
+            s = Math.sin(this._B11);
+            c = Math.cos(this._B11);
+            // tau1 = sig1 + B11
+            this._stau1 = this._ssig1 * c + this._csig1 * s;
+            this._ctau1 = this._csig1 * c - this._ssig1 * s;
+            // Not necessary because C1pa reverts C1a
+            //    _B11 = -SinCosSeries(true, _stau1, _ctau1, _C1pa);
+        }
+        if (this.caps & g.CAP_C1p) {
+            this._C1pa = new Array(g.nC1p_ + 1);
+            g.C1pf(eps, this._C1pa);
+        }
+        if (this.caps & g.CAP_C2) {
+            this._A2m1 = g.A2m1f(eps);
+            this._C2a = new Array(g.nC2_ + 1);
+            g.C2f(eps, this._C2a);
+            this._B21 = g.SinCosSeries(true, this._ssig1, this._csig1, this._C2a);
+        }
+        if (this.caps & g.CAP_C3) {
+            this._C3a = new Array(g.nC3_);
+            geod.C3f(eps, this._C3a);
+            this._A3c = -this.f * this._salp0 * geod.A3f(eps);
+            this._B31 = g.SinCosSeries(true, this._ssig1, this._csig1, this._C3a);
+        }
+        if (this.caps & g.CAP_C4) {
+            this._C4a = new Array(g.nC4_); // all the elements of _C4a are used
+            geod.C4f(eps, this._C4a);
+            // Multiplier = a^2 * e^2 * cos(alpha0) * sin(alpha0)
+            this._A4 = m.sq(this.a) * this._calp0 * this._salp0 * geod._e2;
+            this._B41 = g.SinCosSeries(false, this._ssig1, this._csig1, this._C4a);
+        }
+        this.a13 = this.s13 = NaN;
+    };
+    /**
+     * @summary Find the position on the line (general case).
+     * @param {bool} arcmode is the next parameter an arc length?
+     * @param {number} s12_a12 the (arcmode ? arc length : distance) from the
+     *   first point to the second in (arcmode ? degrees : meters).
+     * @param {bitmask} [outmask = STANDARD] which results to include; this is
+     *   subject to the capabilities of the object.
+     * @return {object} the requested results.
+     * @description The lat1, lon1, azi1, and a12 fields of the result are
+     *   always set; s12 is included if arcmode is false.  For details on the
+     *   outmask parameter, see {@tutorial 2-interface}, "The outmask and caps
+     *   parameters".
+     */
+    l.GeodesicLine.prototype.GenPosition = function (arcmode, s12_a12, outmask) {
+        var vals = {}, sig12, ssig12, csig12, B12, AB1, ssig2, csig2, tau12, s, c, serr, omg12, lam12, lon12, E, sbet2, cbet2, somg2, comg2, salp2, calp2, dn2, B22, AB2, J12, t, B42, salp12, calp12;
+        if (!outmask)
+            outmask = g.STANDARD;
+        else if (outmask === g.LONG_UNROLL)
+            outmask |= g.STANDARD;
+        outmask &= this.caps & g.OUT_MASK;
+        vals.lat1 = this.lat1;
+        vals.azi1 = this.azi1;
+        vals.lon1 = outmask & g.LONG_UNROLL ?
+            this.lon1 : m.AngNormalize(this.lon1);
+        if (arcmode)
+            vals.a12 = s12_a12;
+        else
+            vals.s12 = s12_a12;
+        if (!(arcmode || (this.caps & g.DISTANCE_IN & g.OUT_MASK))) {
+            // Uninitialized or impossible distance calculation requested
+            vals.a12 = NaN;
+            return vals;
+        }
+        // Avoid warning about uninitialized B12.
+        B12 = 0;
+        AB1 = 0;
+        if (arcmode) {
+            // Interpret s12_a12 as spherical arc length
+            sig12 = s12_a12 * m.degree;
+            t = m.sincosd(s12_a12);
+            ssig12 = t.s;
+            csig12 = t.c;
+        }
+        else {
+            // Interpret s12_a12 as distance
+            tau12 = s12_a12 / (this._b * (1 + this._A1m1));
+            s = Math.sin(tau12);
+            c = Math.cos(tau12);
+            // tau2 = tau1 + tau12
+            B12 = -g.SinCosSeries(true, this._stau1 * c + this._ctau1 * s, this._ctau1 * c - this._stau1 * s, this._C1pa);
+            sig12 = tau12 - (B12 - this._B11);
+            ssig12 = Math.sin(sig12);
+            csig12 = Math.cos(sig12);
+            if (Math.abs(this.f) > 0.01) {
+                // Reverted distance series is inaccurate for |f| > 1/100, so correct
+                // sig12 with 1 Newton iteration.  The following table shows the
+                // approximate maximum error for a = WGS_a() and various f relative to
+                // GeodesicExact.
+                //     erri = the error in the inverse solution (nm)
+                //     errd = the error in the direct solution (series only) (nm)
+                //     errda = the error in the direct solution
+                //             (series + 1 Newton) (nm)
+                //
+                //       f     erri  errd errda
+                //     -1/5    12e6 1.2e9  69e6
+                //     -1/10  123e3  12e6 765e3
+                //     -1/20   1110 108e3  7155
+                //     -1/50  18.63 200.9 27.12
+                //     -1/100 18.63 23.78 23.37
+                //     -1/150 18.63 21.05 20.26
+                //      1/150 22.35 24.73 25.83
+                //      1/100 22.35 25.03 25.31
+                //      1/50  29.80 231.9 30.44
+                //      1/20   5376 146e3  10e3
+                //      1/10  829e3  22e6 1.5e6
+                //      1/5   157e6 3.8e9 280e6
+                ssig2 = this._ssig1 * csig12 + this._csig1 * ssig12;
+                csig2 = this._csig1 * csig12 - this._ssig1 * ssig12;
+                B12 = g.SinCosSeries(true, ssig2, csig2, this._C1a);
+                serr = (1 + this._A1m1) * (sig12 + (B12 - this._B11)) -
+                    s12_a12 / this._b;
+                sig12 = sig12 - serr / Math.sqrt(1 + this._k2 * m.sq(ssig2));
+                ssig12 = Math.sin(sig12);
+                csig12 = Math.cos(sig12);
+                // Update B12 below
+            }
+        }
+        // sig2 = sig1 + sig12
+        ssig2 = this._ssig1 * csig12 + this._csig1 * ssig12;
+        csig2 = this._csig1 * csig12 - this._ssig1 * ssig12;
+        dn2 = Math.sqrt(1 + this._k2 * m.sq(ssig2));
+        if (outmask & (g.DISTANCE | g.REDUCEDLENGTH | g.GEODESICSCALE)) {
+            if (arcmode || Math.abs(this.f) > 0.01)
+                B12 = g.SinCosSeries(true, ssig2, csig2, this._C1a);
+            AB1 = (1 + this._A1m1) * (B12 - this._B11);
+        }
+        // sin(bet2) = cos(alp0) * sin(sig2)
+        sbet2 = this._calp0 * ssig2;
+        // Alt: cbet2 = hypot(csig2, salp0 * ssig2);
+        cbet2 = m.hypot(this._salp0, this._calp0 * csig2);
+        if (cbet2 === 0)
+            // I.e., salp0 = 0, csig2 = 0.  Break the degeneracy in this case
+            cbet2 = csig2 = g.tiny_;
+        // tan(alp0) = cos(sig2)*tan(alp2)
+        salp2 = this._salp0;
+        calp2 = this._calp0 * csig2; // No need to normalize
+        if (arcmode && (outmask & g.DISTANCE))
+            vals.s12 = this._b * ((1 + this._A1m1) * sig12 + AB1);
+        if (outmask & g.LONGITUDE) {
+            // tan(omg2) = sin(alp0) * tan(sig2)
+            somg2 = this._salp0 * ssig2;
+            comg2 = csig2; // No need to normalize
+            E = m.copysign(1, this._salp0);
+            // omg12 = omg2 - omg1
+            omg12 = outmask & g.LONG_UNROLL ?
+                E * (sig12 -
+                    (Math.atan2(ssig2, csig2) -
+                        Math.atan2(this._ssig1, this._csig1)) +
+                    (Math.atan2(E * somg2, comg2) -
+                        Math.atan2(E * this._somg1, this._comg1))) :
+                Math.atan2(somg2 * this._comg1 - comg2 * this._somg1, comg2 * this._comg1 + somg2 * this._somg1);
+            lam12 = omg12 + this._A3c *
+                (sig12 + (g.SinCosSeries(true, ssig2, csig2, this._C3a) -
+                    this._B31));
+            lon12 = lam12 / m.degree;
+            vals.lon2 = outmask & g.LONG_UNROLL ? this.lon1 + lon12 :
+                m.AngNormalize(m.AngNormalize(this.lon1) + m.AngNormalize(lon12));
+        }
+        if (outmask & g.LATITUDE)
+            vals.lat2 = m.atan2d(sbet2, this._f1 * cbet2);
+        if (outmask & g.AZIMUTH)
+            vals.azi2 = m.atan2d(salp2, calp2);
+        if (outmask & (g.REDUCEDLENGTH | g.GEODESICSCALE)) {
+            B22 = g.SinCosSeries(true, ssig2, csig2, this._C2a);
+            AB2 = (1 + this._A2m1) * (B22 - this._B21);
+            J12 = (this._A1m1 - this._A2m1) * sig12 + (AB1 - AB2);
+            if (outmask & g.REDUCEDLENGTH)
+                // Add parens around (_csig1 * ssig2) and (_ssig1 * csig2) to ensure
+                // accurate cancellation in the case of coincident points.
+                vals.m12 = this._b * ((dn2 * (this._csig1 * ssig2) -
+                    this._dn1 * (this._ssig1 * csig2)) -
+                    this._csig1 * csig2 * J12);
+            if (outmask & g.GEODESICSCALE) {
+                t = this._k2 * (ssig2 - this._ssig1) * (ssig2 + this._ssig1) /
+                    (this._dn1 + dn2);
+                vals.M12 = csig12 +
+                    (t * ssig2 - csig2 * J12) * this._ssig1 / this._dn1;
+                vals.M21 = csig12 -
+                    (t * this._ssig1 - this._csig1 * J12) * ssig2 / dn2;
+            }
+        }
+        if (outmask & g.AREA) {
+            B42 = g.SinCosSeries(false, ssig2, csig2, this._C4a);
+            if (this._calp0 === 0 || this._salp0 === 0) {
+                // alp12 = alp2 - alp1, used in atan2 so no need to normalize
+                salp12 = salp2 * this.calp1 - calp2 * this.salp1;
+                calp12 = calp2 * this.calp1 + salp2 * this.salp1;
+            }
+            else {
+                // tan(alp) = tan(alp0) * sec(sig)
+                // tan(alp2-alp1) = (tan(alp2) -tan(alp1)) / (tan(alp2)*tan(alp1)+1)
+                // = calp0 * salp0 * (csig1-csig2) / (salp0^2 + calp0^2 * csig1*csig2)
+                // If csig12 > 0, write
+                //   csig1 - csig2 = ssig12 * (csig1 * ssig12 / (1 + csig12) + ssig1)
+                // else
+                //   csig1 - csig2 = csig1 * (1 - csig12) + ssig12 * ssig1
+                // No need to normalize
+                salp12 = this._calp0 * this._salp0 *
+                    (csig12 <= 0 ? this._csig1 * (1 - csig12) + ssig12 * this._ssig1 :
+                        ssig12 * (this._csig1 * ssig12 / (1 + csig12) + this._ssig1));
+                calp12 = m.sq(this._salp0) + m.sq(this._calp0) * this._csig1 * csig2;
+            }
+            vals.S12 = this._c2 * Math.atan2(salp12, calp12) +
+                this._A4 * (Math.abs(sig12) < 0.01 ?
+                    g.SinCosSeries(false, this._ssig1, this._csig1, this._C4a, sig12) : B42 - this._B41);
+        }
+        if (!arcmode)
+            vals.a12 = sig12 / m.degree;
+        return vals;
+    };
+    /**
+     * @summary Find the position on the line given s12.
+     * @param {number} s12 the distance from the first point to the second in
+     *   meters.
+     * @param {bitmask} [outmask = STANDARD] which results to include; this is
+     *   subject to the capabilities of the object.
+     * @return {object} the requested results.
+     * @description The lat1, lon1, azi1, s12, and a12 fields of the result are
+     *   always set; s12 is included if arcmode is false.  For details on the
+     *   outmask parameter, see {@tutorial 2-interface}, "The outmask and caps
+     *   parameters".
+     */
+    l.GeodesicLine.prototype.Position = function (s12, outmask) {
+        return this.GenPosition(false, s12, outmask);
+    };
+    /**
+     * @summary Find the position on the line given a12.
+     * @param {number} a12 the arc length from the first point to the second in
+     *   degrees.
+     * @param {bitmask} [outmask = STANDARD] which results to include; this is
+     *   subject to the capabilities of the object.
+     * @return {object} the requested results.
+     * @description The lat1, lon1, azi1, and a12 fields of the result are
+     *   always set.  For details on the outmask parameter, see {@tutorial
+     *   2-interface}, "The outmask and caps parameters".
+     */
+    l.GeodesicLine.prototype.ArcPosition = function (a12, outmask) {
+        return this.GenPosition(true, a12, outmask);
+    };
+    /**
+     * @summary Specify position of point 3 in terms of either distance or arc
+     *   length.
+     * @param {bool} arcmode boolean flag determining the meaning of the second
+     *   parameter; if arcmode is false, then the GeodesicLine object must have
+     *   been constructed with caps |= DISTANCE_IN.
+     * @param {number} s13_a13 if arcmode is false, this is the distance from
+     *   point 1 to point 3 (meters); otherwise it is the arc length from
+     *   point 1 to point 3 (degrees); it can be negative.
+     */
+    l.GeodesicLine.prototype.GenSetDistance = function (arcmode, s13_a13) {
+        if (arcmode)
+            this.SetArc(s13_a13);
+        else
+            this.SetDistance(s13_a13);
+    };
+    /**
+     * @summary Specify position of point 3 in terms distance.
+     * @param {number} s13 the distance from point 1 to point 3 (meters); it
+     *   can be negative.
+     */
+    l.GeodesicLine.prototype.SetDistance = function (s13) {
+        var r;
+        this.s13 = s13;
+        r = this.GenPosition(false, this.s13, g.ARC);
+        this.a13 = 0 + r.a12; // the 0+ converts undefined into NaN
+    };
+    /**
+     * @summary Specify position of point 3 in terms of arc length.
+     * @param {number} a13 the arc length from point 1 to point 3 (degrees);
+     *   it can be negative.
+     */
+    l.GeodesicLine.prototype.SetArc = function (a13) {
+        var r;
+        this.a13 = a13;
+        r = this.GenPosition(true, this.a13, g.DISTANCE);
+        this.s13 = 0 + r.s12; // the 0+ converts undefined into NaN
+    };
+})(geodesic.Geodesic, geodesic.GeodesicLine, geodesic.Math);
+export { geodesic };
+//# sourceMappingURL=runtime.js.map