@math.gl/geospatial 5.0.0-alpha.19 → 5.0.0-alpha.20

package/dist/projection/index.cjs

@@ -656,10 +656,10 @@ function numberParameter(parameters, name, fallback) {
   return number2;
 }
 function latitudeParameter(parameters, name) {
-  const degrees = numberParameter(parameters, name, 0);
-  if (Math.abs(degrees) >= 90)
+  const degrees2 = numberParameter(parameters, name, 0);
+  if (Math.abs(degrees2) >= 90)
     throw new Error(`+${name} must be between -90 and 90 degrees`);
-  return degrees * DEGREES_TO_RADIANS;
+  return degrees2 * DEGREES_TO_RADIANS;
 }
 function wrapLongitude(longitude, over = false) {
   if (over || Math.abs(longitude) <= Math.PI)
@@ -2416,11 +2416,11 @@ var equidistantCylindrical = {
 var ORIGIN_PARAMETERS = ["lon_0", "lat_0", "x_0", "y_0"];
 var SCALE_PARAMETERS = ["k", "k_0"];
 function angleParameter(parameters, name, fallback = 0) {
-  const degrees = numberParameter(parameters, name, fallback);
-  if (name !== "lon_0" && Math.abs(degrees) > 90) {
+  const degrees2 = numberParameter(parameters, name, fallback);
+  if (name !== "lon_0" && Math.abs(degrees2) > 90) {
     throw new Error("Latitude parameter must be between -90 and 90 degrees: +" + name);
   }
-  return degrees * DEGREES_TO_RADIANS;
+  return degrees2 * DEGREES_TO_RADIANS;
 }
 function flagParameter(parameters, name) {
   const present = Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(parameters, name);
@@ -2487,6 +2487,12 @@ function msfnz_default(eccent, sinphi, cosphi) {
   return cosphi / Math.sqrt(1 - con * con);
 }
 
+// dist/projection/experimental/common/tsfnz.js
+function tsfnz_default(eccent, phi, sinphi) {
+  const cosphi = Math.cos(phi);
+  return Math.exp(eccent * Math.atanh(eccent * sinphi)) * (sinphi > 0 ? cosphi / (1 + sinphi) : (1 - sinphi) / cosphi);
+}
+
 // dist/projection/experimental/common/constants.js
 var EPSLN = 1e-10;
 var HALF_PI = Math.PI / 2;
@@ -2497,14 +2503,6 @@ var D2R = Math.PI / 180;
 var R2D = 180 / Math.PI;
 var SEC_TO_RAD = Math.PI / (180 * 3600);
 
-// dist/projection/experimental/common/tsfnz.js
-function tsfnz_default(eccent, phi, sinphi) {
-  var con = eccent * sinphi;
-  var com = 0.5 * eccent;
-  con = Math.pow((1 - con) / (1 + con), com);
-  return Math.tan(0.5 * (HALF_PI - phi)) / con;
-}
-
 // dist/projection/experimental/common/sign.js
 function sign_default(x) {
   return x < 0 ? -1 : 1;
@@ -2570,13 +2568,10 @@ function initialize(state) {
 function forward(state, p) {
   var lon = p.x;
   var lat = p.y;
-  if (Math.abs(2 * Math.abs(lat) - Math.PI) <= EPSLN) {
-    lat = sign_default(lat) * (HALF_PI - 2 * EPSLN);
-  }
   var con = Math.abs(Math.abs(lat) - HALF_PI);
   var ts, rh1;
   if (con > EPSLN) {
-    ts = tsfnz_default(state.e, lat, Math.sin(lat));
+    ts = state.sphere ? 1 / Math.tan(Math.PI / 4 + lat / 2) : tsfnz_default(state.e, lat, Math.sin(lat));
     rh1 = state.a * state.f0 * Math.pow(ts, state.ns);
   } else {
     con = lat * state.ns;
@@ -2673,12 +2668,35 @@ function qsfnz_default(eccent, sinphi) {
   }
 }
 
-// dist/projection/experimental/common/asinz.js
-function asinz_default(x) {
-  if (Math.abs(x) > 1) {
-    x = x > 1 ? 1 : -1;
+// dist/projection/experimental/common/iqsfnz.js
+function iqsfnz_default(eccent, q) {
+  var temp = 1 - (1 - eccent * eccent) / (2 * eccent) * Math.log((1 - eccent) / (1 + eccent));
+  const roundoff = 4 * Number.EPSILON * temp;
+  if (Math.abs(q) > temp + roundoff)
+    return NaN;
+  if (Math.abs(Math.abs(q) - temp) <= roundoff) {
+    if (q < 0) {
+      return -1 * HALF_PI;
+    } else {
+      return HALF_PI;
+    }
   }
-  return Math.asin(x);
+  var phi = Math.asin(0.5 * q);
+  var dphi;
+  var sin_phi;
+  var cos_phi;
+  var con;
+  for (var i = 0; i < 30; i++) {
+    sin_phi = Math.sin(phi);
+    cos_phi = Math.cos(phi);
+    con = eccent * sin_phi;
+    dphi = Math.pow(1 - con * con, 2) / (2 * cos_phi) * (q / (1 - eccent * eccent) - sin_phi / (1 - con * con) + 0.5 / eccent * Math.log((1 - con) / (1 + con)));
+    phi += dphi;
+    if (Math.abs(dphi) <= 1e-10) {
+      return phi;
+    }
+  }
+  return NaN;
 }
 
 // dist/projection/experimental/kernels/aea.js
@@ -2743,36 +2761,20 @@ function inverse2(state, p) {
   }
   con = rh1 * state.ns0 / state.a;
   if (state.sphere) {
-    lat = Math.asin((state.c - con * con) / (2 * state.ns0));
+    const sinLatitude = (state.c - con * con) / (2 * state.ns0);
+    if (Math.abs(sinLatitude) > 1 + 8 * Number.EPSILON)
+      return null;
+    lat = Math.asin(Math.max(-1, Math.min(1, sinLatitude)));
   } else {
     qs = (state.c - con * con) / state.ns0;
-    lat = phi1z(state.e3, qs);
+    const poleQ = qsfnz_default(state.e3, 1);
+    lat = Math.abs(Math.abs(qs) - poleQ) <= 16 * Number.EPSILON * poleQ ? Math.sign(qs) * Math.PI / 2 : iqsfnz_default(state.e3, qs);
   }
   lon = adjust_lon_default(theta / state.ns0 + state.long0, state.over);
   p.x = lon;
   p.y = lat;
   return p;
 }
-function phi1z(eccent, qs) {
-  var sinphi, cosphi, con, com, dphi;
-  var phi = asinz_default(0.5 * qs);
-  if (eccent < EPSLN) {
-    return phi;
-  }
-  var eccnts = eccent * eccent;
-  for (var i = 1; i <= 25; i++) {
-    sinphi = Math.sin(phi);
-    cosphi = Math.cos(phi);
-    con = eccent * sinphi;
-    com = 1 - con * con;
-    dphi = 0.5 * com * com / cosphi * (qs / (1 - eccnts) - sinphi / com + 0.5 / eccent * Math.log((1 - con) / (1 + con)));
-    phi = phi + dphi;
-    if (Math.abs(dphi) <= 1e-7) {
-      return phi;
-    }
-  }
-  return null;
-}
 function createState2(base) {
   const state = {
     ...base,
@@ -2866,7 +2868,7 @@ function pj_inv_mlfn_default(arg, es, en) {
 
 // dist/projection/experimental/common/adjust_lat.js
 function adjust_lat_default(x) {
-  return Math.abs(x) < HALF_PI ? x : x - sign_default(x) * Math.PI;
+  return Math.abs(x) <= HALF_PI ? x : x - sign_default(x) * Math.PI;
 }
 
 // dist/projection/experimental/kernels/eqdc.js
@@ -2976,6 +2978,50 @@ var equidistantConic = {
   }
 };
 
+// dist/projection/experimental/authalic-latitude.js
+function authalicPoleDifference(e, latitude) {
+  const sin = Math.abs(Math.sin(latitude));
+  const cos = Math.cos(latitude);
+  const delta = cos * cos / (1 + sin);
+  if (e === 0)
+    return 2 * delta;
+  const es = e * e;
+  return delta * (1 + es * sin) / (1 - es * sin * sin) + (1 - es) / e * Math.atanh(e * delta / (1 - es * sin));
+}
+function authalicLatitude(e, qp, latitude) {
+  if (latitude === 0 || e === 0)
+    return latitude;
+  const fraction = authalicPoleDifference(e, latitude) / qp;
+  return Math.atan2(Math.sign(latitude) * (1 - fraction), Math.sqrt(fraction * (2 - fraction)));
+}
+function inverseAuthalicLatitude(e, qp, beta) {
+  if (e === 0 || beta === 0 || Math.abs(beta) === Math.PI / 2)
+    return beta;
+  const sinBeta = Math.abs(Math.sin(beta));
+  const cosBeta = Math.cos(beta);
+  const target = qp * cosBeta * cosBeta / (1 + sinBeta);
+  let latitude = Math.abs(beta);
+  const es = e * e;
+  let lower = 0;
+  let upper = Math.PI / 2;
+  for (let i = 0; i < 48; i++) {
+    const sin = Math.sin(latitude);
+    const denominator = 1 - es * sin * sin;
+    const derivative = 2 * (1 - es) * Math.cos(latitude) / (denominator * denominator);
+    const residual = authalicPoleDifference(e, latitude) - target;
+    const step = residual / derivative;
+    if (Math.abs(step) < 2e-15)
+      return Math.sign(beta) * latitude;
+    if (residual > 0)
+      lower = latitude;
+    else
+      upper = latitude;
+    const candidate = latitude + step;
+    latitude = candidate > lower && candidate < upper ? candidate : (lower + upper) / 2;
+  }
+  throw new Error("Authalic latitude inverse did not converge");
+}
+
 // dist/projection/experimental/rendering-profile/spherical-rendering-domain.js
 function geographicVector(longitude, latitude) {
   return [
@@ -3152,6 +3198,25 @@ function sphericalAzimuthalBounds(base, parameters, domain, kind) {
   const factor = base.a * (kind === "stere" ? 2 * base.k0 : 1);
   return envelope(add([base.x0, base.x0], scale(range(east), factor)), add([base.y0, base.y0], scale(range(north), factor)));
 }
+function orthographicBounds(base, parameters, domain) {
+  const sin0 = Math.sin(base.lat0);
+  const cos0 = Math.cos(base.lat0);
+  const latitudeSin = sphericalRange([0, 0, 1], parameters, domain);
+  if (Math.abs(sin0) < 1e-15 && (!domain || Math.abs(domain.distance - Math.PI / 2) < 1e-15)) {
+    const x = (maximize) => {
+      const extremum = sphericalExtremum([0, 1, 0], parameters, domain, maximize);
+      return extremum.value / Math.sqrt(1 - base.es * Math.sin(extremum.point[1]) ** 2);
+    };
+    const y = (sin) => (1 - base.es) * sin / Math.sqrt(1 - base.es * sin * sin);
+    return envelope(add([base.x0, base.x0], scale([x(false), x(true)], base.a * base.k0)), add([base.y0, base.y0], scale([y(latitudeSin[0]), y(latitudeSin[1])], base.a * base.k0)));
+  }
+  const squareMin = latitudeSin[0] <= 0 && latitudeSin[1] >= 0 ? 0 : Math.min(latitudeSin[0] ** 2, latitudeSin[1] ** 2);
+  const squareMax = Math.max(latitudeSin[0] ** 2, latitudeSin[1] ** 2);
+  const nu = ordered(1 / Math.sqrt(1 - base.es * squareMin), 1 / Math.sqrt(1 - base.es * squareMax));
+  const factor = base.a * base.k0;
+  const yShift = base.es * sin0 * cos0 / Math.sqrt(1 - base.es * sin0 * sin0);
+  return envelope(add([base.x0, base.x0], scale(multiply(sphericalRange([0, 1, 0], parameters, domain), nu), factor)), add([base.y0 + factor * yShift, base.y0 + factor * yShift], scale(multiply(sphericalRange([-sin0, 0, (1 - base.es) * cos0], parameters, domain), nu), factor)));
+}
 function equidistantAzimuthalBounds(base, parameters, domain) {
   const minimum = sphericalRange([Math.cos(base.lat0), 0, Math.sin(base.lat0)], parameters, domain)[0];
   const radius2 = base.a / Math.sqrt(1 - base.es) * Math.acos(Math.max(-1, Math.min(1, minimum)));
@@ -3204,32 +3269,24 @@ function perspectiveBounds(base, p, tilt, azimuth, parameters, domain) {
   const y = sphericalRatioRange(up, denominator, cw * p, parameters, domain);
   return envelope(add([base.x0, base.x0], scale(x, base.a * (p - 1) * cw)), add([base.y0, base.y0], scale(y, base.a * (p - 1))));
 }
-
-// dist/projection/experimental/common/authset.js
-var P00 = 0.3333333333333333;
-var P01 = 0.17222222222222222;
-var P02 = 0.10257936507936508;
-var P10 = 0.06388888888888888;
-var P11 = 0.0664021164021164;
-var P20 = 0.016415012942191543;
-function authset(es) {
-  var t;
-  var APA = [];
-  APA[0] = es * P00;
-  t = es * es;
-  APA[0] += t * P01;
-  APA[1] = t * P10;
-  t *= es;
-  APA[0] += t * P02;
-  APA[1] += t * P11;
-  APA[2] = t * P20;
-  return APA;
+function ellipsoidalGnomonicBounds(base, region, domain) {
+  const dot2 = sphericalRange([Math.cos(base.lat0), 0, Math.sin(base.lat0)], region, domain)[0];
+  const angle = Math.acos(Math.max(-1, Math.min(1, dot2)));
+  const q = 1 - base.es;
+  const distance = base.a * angle / Math.sqrt(q);
+  const scale2 = Math.cos(angle / q);
+  if (!(scale2 > 0))
+    throw new Error("Gnomonic rendering coverage approaches its ellipsoidal horizon");
+  const radius2 = distance / scale2;
+  return envelope([base.x0 - radius2, base.x0 + radius2], [base.y0 - radius2, base.y0 + radius2]);
 }
 
-// dist/projection/experimental/common/authlat.js
-function authlat(beta, APA) {
-  var t = beta + beta;
-  return beta + APA[0] * Math.sin(t) + APA[1] * Math.sin(t + t) + APA[2] * Math.sin(t + t + t);
+// dist/projection/experimental/inverse-spherical-latitude.js
+function inverseSphericalLatitude(sin0, cos0, sinDistance, cosDistance, x, y, radius2) {
+  const east = x * sinDistance / radius2;
+  const meridian = cosDistance * cos0 - y * sinDistance * sin0 / radius2;
+  const vertical = cosDistance * sin0 + y * sinDistance * cos0 / radius2;
+  return Math.atan2(vertical, Math.hypot(east, meridian));
 }
 
 // dist/projection/experimental/kernels/laea.js
@@ -3250,7 +3307,6 @@ function initialize4(state) {
     var sinphi;
     state.qp = qsfnz_default(state.e, 1);
     state.mmf = 0.5 / (1 - state.es);
-    state.apa = authset(state.es);
     switch (state.mode) {
       case N_POLE:
         state.dd = 1;
@@ -3321,7 +3377,8 @@ function forward4(state, p) {
     q = qsfnz_default(state.e, sinphi);
     if (state.mode === OBLIQ || state.mode === EQUIT) {
       sinb = q / state.qp;
-      cosb = Math.sqrt(1 - sinb * sinb);
+      const poleFraction = authalicPoleDifference(state.e, phi) / state.qp;
+      cosb = Math.sqrt(poleFraction * (2 - poleFraction));
     }
     switch (state.mode) {
       case OBLIQ:
@@ -3332,11 +3389,11 @@ function forward4(state, p) {
         break;
       case N_POLE:
         b = HALF_PI + phi;
-        q = state.qp - q;
+        q = phi >= 0 ? authalicPoleDifference(state.e, phi) : 2 * state.qp - authalicPoleDifference(state.e, phi);
         break;
       case S_POLE:
         b = phi - HALF_PI;
-        q = state.qp + q;
+        q = phi <= 0 ? authalicPoleDifference(state.e, phi) : 2 * state.qp - authalicPoleDifference(state.e, phi);
         break;
     }
     if (Math.abs(b) < EPSLN) {
@@ -3380,22 +3437,22 @@ function inverse4(state, p) {
     var cosz = 0, rh, sinz = 0;
     rh = Math.sqrt(x * x + y * y);
     phi = rh * 0.5;
-    if (phi > 1) {
+    if (phi > 1 + 8 * Number.EPSILON) {
       return null;
     }
-    phi = 2 * Math.asin(phi);
+    phi = 2 * Math.asin(Math.min(1, phi));
     if (state.mode === OBLIQ || state.mode === EQUIT) {
       sinz = Math.sin(phi);
       cosz = Math.cos(phi);
     }
     switch (state.mode) {
       case EQUIT:
-        phi = Math.abs(rh) <= EPSLN ? 0 : Math.asin(y * sinz / rh);
+        phi = Math.abs(rh) <= EPSLN ? 0 : inverseSphericalLatitude(0, 1, sinz, cosz, x, y, rh);
         x *= sinz;
         y = cosz * rh;
         break;
       case OBLIQ:
-        phi = Math.abs(rh) <= EPSLN ? state.lat0 : Math.asin(cosz * state.sinph0 + y * sinz * state.cosph0 / rh);
+        phi = Math.abs(rh) <= EPSLN ? state.lat0 : inverseSphericalLatitude(state.sinph0, state.cosph0, sinz, cosz, x, y, rh);
         x *= sinz * state.cosph0;
         y = (cosz - Math.sin(phi) * state.sinph0) * rh;
         break;
@@ -3419,9 +3476,15 @@ function inverse4(state, p) {
         p.y = state.lat0;
         return p;
       }
-      sCe = 2 * Math.asin(0.5 * rho / state.rq);
+      const sinHalfCe = 0.5 * rho / state.rq;
+      if (sinHalfCe > 1 + 8 * Number.EPSILON)
+        return null;
+      sCe = 2 * Math.asin(Math.min(1, sinHalfCe));
       cCe = Math.cos(sCe);
-      x *= sCe = Math.sin(sCe);
+      sCe = Math.sin(sCe);
+      const beta = inverseSphericalLatitude(state.mode === OBLIQ ? state.sinb1 : 0, state.mode === OBLIQ ? state.cosb1 : 1, sCe, cCe, x, y, rho);
+      phi = inverseAuthalicLatitude(state.e, state.qp, beta);
+      x *= sCe;
       if (state.mode === OBLIQ) {
         ab = cCe * state.sinb1 + y * sCe * state.cosb1 / rho;
         q = state.qp * ab;
@@ -3447,7 +3510,13 @@ function inverse4(state, p) {
       }
     }
     lam = Math.atan2(x, y);
-    phi = authlat(Math.asin(ab), state.apa);
+    if (Math.abs(ab) > 1 + 8 * Number.EPSILON)
+      return null;
+    if (state.mode === N_POLE || state.mode === S_POLE) {
+      const fraction = Math.max(0, Math.min(2, q / state.qp));
+      const beta = Math.atan2(ab, Math.sqrt(fraction * (2 - fraction)));
+      phi = inverseAuthalicLatitude(state.e, state.qp, beta);
+    }
   }
   p.x = adjust_lon_default(state.long0 + lam, state.over);
   p.y = phi;
@@ -3459,7 +3528,6 @@ function createState4(base) {
     mode: 0,
     qp: 0,
     mmf: 0,
-    apa: [],
     dd: 0,
     rq: 0,
     xmf: 0,
@@ -3481,7 +3549,7 @@ var lambertAzimuthalEqualArea = {
   create(context) {
     const base = kernelParameters(context);
     const state = createState4(base);
-    return withAngularRenderingProfile(guardAzimuthalDomain(base, bindKernel("laea", state, forward4, inverse4)), base, Math.PI * 179 / 180, (region, domain) => equalAreaAzimuthalBounds(base, base.sphere ? 1 : state.xmf || Math.sqrt(state.qp / 2), base.sphere ? 1 : state.ymf || Math.sqrt(state.qp / 2), region, domain, base.sphere ? base.lat0 : Math.asin(qsfnz_default(base.e, Math.sin(base.lat0)) / state.qp), base.sphere ? (latitude) => latitude : (latitude) => Math.asin(qsfnz_default(base.e, Math.sin(latitude)) / state.qp)));
+    return withAngularRenderingProfile(guardAzimuthalDomain(base, bindKernel("laea", state, forward4, inverse4)), base, Math.PI * 179 / 180, (region, domain) => equalAreaAzimuthalBounds(base, base.sphere ? 1 : state.xmf || Math.sqrt(state.qp / 2), base.sphere ? 1 : state.ymf || Math.sqrt(state.qp / 2), region, domain, base.sphere ? base.lat0 : authalicLatitude(base.e, state.qp, base.lat0), base.sphere ? (latitude) => latitude : (latitude) => authalicLatitude(base.e, state.qp, latitude)));
   }
 };
 
@@ -3531,6 +3599,13 @@ function forward5(state, p) {
     p.y = NaN;
     return p;
   }
+  if (state.sphere && Math.abs(state.coslat0) <= EPSLN) {
+    const sign = state.lat0 > 0 ? 1 : -1;
+    const radius2 = 2 * state.a * state.k0 * Math.tan(Math.PI / 4 - sign * lat / 2);
+    p.x = state.x0 + radius2 * Math.sin(dlon);
+    p.y = state.y0 - sign * radius2 * Math.cos(dlon);
+    return p;
+  }
   if (state.sphere) {
     A = 2 * state.k0 / (1 + state.sinlat0 * sinlat + state.coslat0 * coslat * Math.cos(dlon));
     p.x = state.a * A * coslat * Math.sin(dlon) + state.x0;
@@ -3571,7 +3646,7 @@ function inverse5(state, p) {
       p.y = lat;
       return p;
     }
-    lat = Math.asin(Math.cos(c) * state.sinlat0 + p.y * Math.sin(c) * state.coslat0 / rh);
+    lat = inverseSphericalLatitude(state.sinlat0, state.coslat0, Math.sin(c), Math.cos(c), p.x, p.y, rh);
     if (Math.abs(state.coslat0) < EPSLN) {
       if (state.lat0 > 0) {
         lon = adjust_lon_default(state.long0 + Math.atan2(p.x, -1 * p.y), state.over);
@@ -3604,7 +3679,7 @@ function inverse5(state, p) {
       if (rh <= EPSLN) {
         Chi = state.X0;
       } else {
-        Chi = Math.asin(Math.cos(ce) * state.sinX0 + p.y * Math.sin(ce) * state.cosX0 / rh);
+        Chi = inverseSphericalLatitude(state.sinX0, state.cosX0, Math.sin(ce), Math.cos(ce), p.x, p.y, rh);
         lon = adjust_lon_default(state.long0 + Math.atan2(p.x * Math.sin(ce), rh * state.cosX0 * Math.cos(ce) - p.y * state.sinX0 * Math.sin(ce)), state.over);
       }
       lat = -1 * phi2z_default(state.e, Math.tan(0.5 * (HALF_PI + Chi)));
@@ -3747,7 +3822,7 @@ function inverse7(state, p) {
     var c = 2 * Math.atan2(rho, state.R2);
     sinc = Math.sin(c);
     cosc = Math.cos(c);
-    lat = Math.asin(cosc * state.sinc0 + p.y * sinc * state.cosc0 / rho);
+    lat = inverseSphericalLatitude(state.sinc0, state.cosc0, sinc, cosc, p.x, p.y, rho);
     lon = Math.atan2(p.x * sinc, rho * state.cosc0 * cosc - p.y * state.sinc0 * sinc);
   } else {
     lat = state.phic0;
@@ -3979,7 +4054,7 @@ function inverse8(state, p) {
     if (Math.abs(rh) <= EPSLN) {
       lat = state.lat0;
     } else {
-      lat = asinz_default(cosz * state.sin_p12 + p.y * sinz * state.cos_p12 / rh);
+      lat = inverseSphericalLatitude(state.sin_p12, state.cos_p12, sinz, cosz, p.x, p.y, rh);
       con = Math.abs(state.lat0) - HALF_PI;
       if (Math.abs(con) <= EPSLN) {
         if (state.lat0 >= 0) {
@@ -4854,37 +4929,6 @@ var cassiniSoldner = {
   }
 };
 
-// dist/projection/experimental/common/iqsfnz.js
-function iqsfnz_default(eccent, q) {
-  var temp = 1 - (1 - eccent * eccent) / (2 * eccent) * Math.log((1 - eccent) / (1 + eccent));
-  const roundoff = 4 * Number.EPSILON * temp;
-  if (Math.abs(q) > temp + roundoff)
-    return NaN;
-  if (Math.abs(Math.abs(q) - temp) <= roundoff) {
-    if (q < 0) {
-      return -1 * HALF_PI;
-    } else {
-      return HALF_PI;
-    }
-  }
-  var phi = Math.asin(0.5 * q);
-  var dphi;
-  var sin_phi;
-  var cos_phi;
-  var con;
-  for (var i = 0; i < 30; i++) {
-    sin_phi = Math.sin(phi);
-    cos_phi = Math.cos(phi);
-    con = eccent * sin_phi;
-    dphi = Math.pow(1 - con * con, 2) / (2 * cos_phi) * (q / (1 - eccent * eccent) - sin_phi / (1 - con * con) + 0.5 / eccent * Math.log((1 - con) / (1 + con)));
-    phi += dphi;
-    if (Math.abs(dphi) <= 1e-10) {
-      return phi;
-    }
-  }
-  return NaN;
-}
-
 // dist/projection/experimental/kernels/cea.js
 function initialize13(state) {
   if (!state.sphere) {
@@ -4947,6 +4991,14 @@ var cylindricalEqualArea = {
   }
 };
 
+// dist/projection/experimental/common/asinz.js
+function asinz_default(x) {
+  if (Math.abs(x) > 1) {
+    x = x > 1 ? 1 : -1;
+  }
+  return Math.asin(x);
+}
+
 // dist/projection/experimental/kernels/sinu.js
 var MAX_ITER3 = 20;
 function initialize14(state) {
@@ -5001,7 +5053,10 @@ function inverse14(state, p) {
     lat /= state.C_y;
     lon = lon / (state.C_x * (state.m + Math.cos(lat)));
     if (state.m) {
-      lat = asinz_default((state.m * lat + Math.sin(lat)) / state.n);
+      const sinLatitude = (state.m * lat + Math.sin(lat)) / state.n;
+      if (Math.abs(sinLatitude) > 1 + 8 * Number.EPSILON)
+        return null;
+      lat = asinz_default(sinLatitude);
     } else if (state.n !== 1) {
       lat = asinz_default(Math.sin(lat) / state.n);
     }
@@ -5059,6 +5114,33 @@ var eckertVI = {
   }
 };
 
+// dist/projection/experimental/common/authset.js
+var P00 = 0.3333333333333333;
+var P01 = 0.17222222222222222;
+var P02 = 0.10257936507936508;
+var P10 = 0.06388888888888888;
+var P11 = 0.0664021164021164;
+var P20 = 0.016415012942191543;
+function authset(es) {
+  var t;
+  var APA = [];
+  APA[0] = es * P00;
+  t = es * es;
+  APA[0] += t * P01;
+  APA[1] = t * P10;
+  t *= es;
+  APA[0] += t * P02;
+  APA[1] += t * P11;
+  APA[2] = t * P20;
+  return APA;
+}
+
+// dist/projection/experimental/common/authlat.js
+function authlat(beta, APA) {
+  var t = beta + beta;
+  return beta + APA[0] * Math.sin(t) + APA[1] * Math.sin(t + t) + APA[2] * Math.sin(t + t + t);
+}
+
 // dist/projection/experimental/kernels/eqearth.js
 var A1 = 1.340264;
 var A2 = -0.081106;
@@ -5100,6 +5182,11 @@ function inverse16(state, p) {
     p.x /= state.rqda;
     p.y /= state.rqda;
   }
+  const poleParam = Math.PI / 3;
+  const poleSq = poleParam * poleParam;
+  const poleY = poleParam * (A1 + A2 * poleSq + poleSq ** 3 * (A3 + A4 * poleSq));
+  if (Math.abs(p.y) > poleY + 8 * Number.EPSILON * poleY)
+    return null;
   var EPS = 1e-9, NITER = 12, paramLat = p.y, paramLatSq, paramLatPow6, fy, fpy, dlat, i;
   for (i = 0; i < NITER; ++i) {
     paramLatSq = paramLat * paramLat;
@@ -5114,7 +5201,11 @@ function inverse16(state, p) {
   paramLatSq = paramLat * paramLat;
   paramLatPow6 = paramLatSq * paramLatSq * paramLatSq;
   p.x = M * p.x * (A1 + 3 * A2 * paramLatSq + paramLatPow6 * (7 * A3 + 9 * A4 * paramLatSq)) / Math.cos(paramLat);
-  p.y = Math.asin(Math.sin(paramLat) / M);
+  const sinBeta = Math.sin(paramLat) / M;
+  const poleRoundoff = 8 * Number.EPSILON;
+  if (Math.abs(sinBeta) > 1 + poleRoundoff)
+    return null;
+  p.y = Math.abs(sinBeta) >= 1 - poleRoundoff ? Math.sign(sinBeta) * Math.PI / 2 : Math.asin(sinBeta);
   if (state.es !== 0) {
     p.y = authlat(p.y, state.apa);
   }
@@ -5186,6 +5277,8 @@ function inverse17(state, p) {
   p.x -= state.x0;
   p.y -= state.y0;
   var lat = p.y / state.a;
+  if (Math.abs(lat) > Math.PI / 2 && Math.abs(lat) <= Math.PI / 2 + 8 * Number.EPSILON)
+    lat = Math.sign(lat) * Math.PI / 2;
   var lon = adjust_lon_default(state.long0 + p.x / (state.a * Math.cos(state.lat0)), state.over);
   p.x = lon;
   p.y = lat;
@@ -5448,14 +5541,1458 @@ var geostationary = {
   }
 };
 
+// dist/vendor/geographiclib-geodesic/runtime.js
+var geodesic = {};
+geodesic.Constants = {};
+geodesic.Math = {};
+geodesic.Accumulator = {};
+(function(c) {
+  "use strict";
+  c.WGS84 = { a: 6378137, f: 1 / 298.257223563 };
+  c.version = {
+    major: 2,
+    minor: 2,
+    patch: 0
+  };
+  c.version_string = "2.2.0";
+})(geodesic.Constants);
+(function(m) {
+  "use strict";
+  m.digits = 53;
+  m.epsilon = Math.pow(0.5, m.digits - 1);
+  m.degree = Math.PI / 180;
+  m.sq = function(x) {
+    return x * x;
+  };
+  m.hypot = function(x, y) {
+    return Math.sqrt(x * x + y * y);
+  };
+  m.cbrt = Math.cbrt || function(x) {
+    var y = Math.pow(Math.abs(x), 1 / 3);
+    return x > 0 ? y : x < 0 ? -y : x;
+  };
+  m.log1p = Math.log1p || function(x) {
+    var y = 1 + x, z = y - 1;
+    return z === 0 ? x : x * Math.log(y) / z;
+  };
+  m.atanh = Math.atanh || function(x) {
+    var y = Math.abs(x);
+    y = m.log1p(2 * y / (1 - y)) / 2;
+    return x > 0 ? y : x < 0 ? -y : x;
+  };
+  m.copysign = function(x, y) {
+    return Math.abs(x) * (y < 0 || y === 0 && 1 / y < 0 ? -1 : 1);
+  };
+  m.sum = function(u, v) {
+    var s = u + v, up = s - v, vpp = s - up, t;
+    up -= u;
+    vpp -= v;
+    t = s ? 0 - (up + vpp) : s;
+    return { s, t };
+  };
+  m.polyval = function(N, p, s, x) {
+    var y = N < 0 ? 0 : p[s++];
+    while (--N >= 0)
+      y = y * x + p[s++];
+    return y;
+  };
+  m.AngRound = function(x) {
+    var z = 1 / 16, y = Math.abs(x);
+    y = y < z ? z - (z - y) : y;
+    return m.copysign(y, x);
+  };
+  m.remainder = function(x, y) {
+    x %= y;
+    return x < -y / 2 ? x + y : x < y / 2 ? x : x - y;
+  };
+  m.AngNormalize = function(x) {
+    var y = m.remainder(x, 360);
+    return Math.abs(y) === 180 ? m.copysign(180, x) : y;
+  };
+  m.LatFix = function(x) {
+    return Math.abs(x) > 90 ? NaN : x;
+  };
+  m.AngDiff = function(x, y) {
+    var r = m.sum(m.remainder(-x, 360), m.remainder(y, 360)), d, e;
+    r = m.sum(m.remainder(r.s, 360), r.t);
+    d = r.s;
+    e = r.t;
+    if (d === 0 || Math.abs(d) === 180)
+      d = m.copysign(d, e === 0 ? y - x : -e);
+    return { d, e };
+  };
+  m.sincosd = function(x) {
+    var d, r, q, s, c, sinx, cosx;
+    d = x % 360;
+    q = Math.round(d / 90);
+    d -= 90 * q;
+    r = d * this.degree;
+    s = Math.sin(r);
+    c = Math.cos(r);
+    if (Math.abs(d) === 45) {
+      c = Math.sqrt(0.5);
+      s = m.copysign(c, r);
+    } else if (Math.abs(d) === 30) {
+      c = Math.sqrt(0.75);
+      s = m.copysign(0.5, r);
+    }
+    switch (q & 3) {
+      case 0:
+        sinx = s;
+        cosx = c;
+        break;
+      case 1:
+        sinx = c;
+        cosx = -s;
+        break;
+      case 2:
+        sinx = -s;
+        cosx = -c;
+        break;
+      default:
+        sinx = -c;
+        cosx = s;
+        break;
+    }
+    cosx += 0;
+    if (sinx === 0)
+      sinx = m.copysign(sinx, x);
+    return { s: sinx, c: cosx };
+  };
+  m.sincosde = function(x, t) {
+    var d, r, q, s, c, sinx, cosx;
+    d = x % 360;
+    q = Math.round(d / 90);
+    d = m.AngRound(d - 90 * q + t);
+    r = d * this.degree;
+    s = Math.sin(r);
+    c = Math.cos(r);
+    if (Math.abs(d) === 45) {
+      c = Math.sqrt(0.5);
+      s = m.copysign(c, r);
+    } else if (Math.abs(d) === 30) {
+      c = Math.sqrt(0.75);
+      s = m.copysign(0.5, r);
+    }
+    switch (q & 3) {
+      case 0:
+        sinx = s;
+        cosx = c;
+        break;
+      case 1:
+        sinx = c;
+        cosx = -s;
+        break;
+      case 2:
+        sinx = -s;
+        cosx = -c;
+        break;
+      default:
+        sinx = -c;
+        cosx = s;
+        break;
+    }
+    cosx += 0;
+    if (sinx === 0)
+      sinx = m.copysign(sinx, x + t);
+    return { s: sinx, c: cosx };
+  };
+  m.atan2d = function(y, x) {
+    var q = 0, ang;
+    if (Math.abs(y) > Math.abs(x)) {
+      [y, x] = [x, y];
+      q = 2;
+    }
+    if (m.copysign(1, x) < 0) {
+      x = -x;
+      ++q;
+    }
+    ang = Math.atan2(y, x) / this.degree;
+    switch (q) {
+      // Note that atan2d(-0.0, 1.0) will return -0.  However, we expect that
+      // atan2d will not be called with y = -0.  If need be, include
+      //
+      //   case 0: ang = 0 + ang; break;
+      //
+      // and handle mpfr as in AngRound.
+      case 1:
+        ang = m.copysign(180, y) - ang;
+        break;
+      case 2:
+        ang = 90 - ang;
+        break;
+      case 3:
+        ang = -90 + ang;
+        break;
+      default:
+        break;
+    }
+    return ang;
+  };
+})(geodesic.Math);
+(function(a, m) {
+  "use strict";
+  a.Accumulator = function(y) {
+    this.Set(y);
+  };
+  a.Accumulator.prototype.Set = function(y) {
+    if (!y)
+      y = 0;
+    if (y.constructor === a.Accumulator) {
+      this._s = y._s;
+      this._t = y._t;
+    } else {
+      this._s = y;
+      this._t = 0;
+    }
+  };
+  a.Accumulator.prototype.Add = function(y) {
+    var u = m.sum(y, this._t), v = m.sum(u.s, this._s);
+    u = u.t;
+    this._s = v.s;
+    this._t = v.t;
+    if (this._s === 0)
+      this._s = u;
+    else
+      this._t += u;
+  };
+  a.Accumulator.prototype.Sum = function(y) {
+    var b;
+    if (!y)
+      return this._s;
+    else {
+      b = new a.Accumulator(this);
+      b.Add(y);
+      return b._s;
+    }
+  };
+  a.Accumulator.prototype.Negate = function() {
+    this._s *= -1;
+    this._t *= -1;
+  };
+  a.Accumulator.prototype.Remainder = function(y) {
+    this._s = m.remainder(this._s, y);
+    this.Add(0);
+  };
+})(geodesic.Accumulator, geodesic.Math);
+geodesic.Geodesic = {};
+geodesic.GeodesicLine = {};
+geodesic.PolygonArea = {};
+(function(g, l, p, m, c) {
+  "use strict";
+  var GEOGRAPHICLIB_GEODESIC_ORDER = 6, nA1_ = GEOGRAPHICLIB_GEODESIC_ORDER, nA2_ = GEOGRAPHICLIB_GEODESIC_ORDER, nA3_ = GEOGRAPHICLIB_GEODESIC_ORDER, nA3x_ = nA3_, nC3x_, nC4x_, maxit1_ = 20, maxit2_ = maxit1_ + m.digits + 10, tol0_ = m.epsilon, tol1_ = 200 * tol0_, tol2_ = Math.sqrt(tol0_), tolb_ = tol0_, xthresh_ = 1e3 * tol2_, CAP_NONE = 0, CAP_ALL = 31, OUT_ALL = 32640, astroid, A1m1f_coeff, C1f_coeff, C1pf_coeff, A2m1f_coeff, C2f_coeff, A3_coeff, C3_coeff, C4_coeff;
+  g.tiny_ = Math.sqrt(Number.MIN_VALUE / Number.EPSILON);
+  g.nC1_ = GEOGRAPHICLIB_GEODESIC_ORDER;
+  g.nC1p_ = GEOGRAPHICLIB_GEODESIC_ORDER;
+  g.nC2_ = GEOGRAPHICLIB_GEODESIC_ORDER;
+  g.nC3_ = GEOGRAPHICLIB_GEODESIC_ORDER;
+  g.nC4_ = GEOGRAPHICLIB_GEODESIC_ORDER;
+  nC3x_ = g.nC3_ * (g.nC3_ - 1) / 2;
+  nC4x_ = g.nC4_ * (g.nC4_ + 1) / 2;
+  g.CAP_C1 = 1 << 0;
+  g.CAP_C1p = 1 << 1;
+  g.CAP_C2 = 1 << 2;
+  g.CAP_C3 = 1 << 3;
+  g.CAP_C4 = 1 << 4;
+  g.NONE = 0;
+  g.ARC = 1 << 6;
+  g.LATITUDE = 1 << 7 | CAP_NONE;
+  g.LONGITUDE = 1 << 8 | g.CAP_C3;
+  g.AZIMUTH = 1 << 9 | CAP_NONE;
+  g.DISTANCE = 1 << 10 | g.CAP_C1;
+  g.STANDARD = g.LATITUDE | g.LONGITUDE | g.AZIMUTH | g.DISTANCE;
+  g.DISTANCE_IN = 1 << 11 | g.CAP_C1 | g.CAP_C1p;
+  g.REDUCEDLENGTH = 1 << 12 | g.CAP_C1 | g.CAP_C2;
+  g.GEODESICSCALE = 1 << 13 | g.CAP_C1 | g.CAP_C2;
+  g.AREA = 1 << 14 | g.CAP_C4;
+  g.ALL = OUT_ALL | CAP_ALL;
+  g.LONG_UNROLL = 1 << 15;
+  g.OUT_MASK = OUT_ALL | g.LONG_UNROLL;
+  g.SinCosSeries = function(sinp, sinx, cosx, c2, delta) {
+    if (delta !== void 0) {
+      var h = delta / 2, sh = Math.sin(h), ch = Math.cos(h);
+      return -2 * g.SinCosSeries(false, cosx * ch - sinx * sh, sinx * ch + cosx * sh, c2.map(function(v, i) {
+        return (i % 2 ? -v : v) * Math.sin((2 * i + 1) * h);
+      }));
+    }
+    var k = c2.length, n = k - (sinp ? 1 : 0), ar = 2 * (cosx - sinx) * (cosx + sinx), y0 = n & 1 ? c2[--k] : 0, y1 = 0;
+    n = Math.floor(n / 2);
+    while (n--) {
+      y1 = ar * y0 - y1 + c2[--k];
+      y0 = ar * y1 - y0 + c2[--k];
+    }
+    return sinp ? 2 * sinx * cosx * y0 : (
+      // sin(2 * x) * y0
+      cosx * (y0 - y1)
+    );
+  };
+  astroid = function(x, y) {
+    var k, p2 = m.sq(x), q = m.sq(y), r = (p2 + q - 1) / 6, S, r2, r3, disc, u, T3, T, ang, v, uv, w;
+    if (!(q === 0 && r <= 0)) {
+      S = p2 * q / 4;
+      r2 = m.sq(r);
+      r3 = r * r2;
+      disc = S * (S + 2 * r3);
+      u = r;
+      if (disc >= 0) {
+        T3 = S + r3;
+        T3 += T3 < 0 ? -Math.sqrt(disc) : Math.sqrt(disc);
+        T = m.cbrt(T3);
+        u += T + (T !== 0 ? r2 / T : 0);
+      } else {
+        ang = Math.atan2(Math.sqrt(-disc), -(S + r3));
+        u += 2 * r * Math.cos(ang / 3);
+      }
+      v = Math.sqrt(m.sq(u) + q);
+      uv = u < 0 ? q / (v - u) : u + v;
+      w = (uv - q) / (2 * v);
+      k = uv / (Math.sqrt(uv + m.sq(w)) + w);
+    } else {
+      k = 0;
+    }
+    return k;
+  };
+  A1m1f_coeff = [
+    // (1-eps)*A1-1, polynomial in eps2 of order 3
+    1,
+    4,
+    64,
+    0,
+    256
+  ];
+  g.A1m1f = function(eps) {
+    var p2 = Math.floor(nA1_ / 2), t = m.polyval(p2, A1m1f_coeff, 0, m.sq(eps)) / A1m1f_coeff[p2 + 1];
+    return (t + eps) / (1 - eps);
+  };
+  C1f_coeff = [
+    // C1[1]/eps^1, polynomial in eps2 of order 2
+    -1,
+    6,
+    -16,
+    32,
+    // C1[2]/eps^2, polynomial in eps2 of order 2
+    -9,
+    64,
+    -128,
+    2048,
+    // C1[3]/eps^3, polynomial in eps2 of order 1
+    9,
+    -16,
+    768,
+    // C1[4]/eps^4, polynomial in eps2 of order 1
+    3,
+    -5,
+    512,
+    // C1[5]/eps^5, polynomial in eps2 of order 0
+    -7,
+    1280,
+    // C1[6]/eps^6, polynomial in eps2 of order 0
+    -7,
+    2048
+  ];
+  g.C1f = function(eps, c2) {
+    var eps2 = m.sq(eps), d = eps, o = 0, l2, p2;
+    for (l2 = 1; l2 <= g.nC1_; ++l2) {
+      p2 = Math.floor((g.nC1_ - l2) / 2);
+      c2[l2] = d * m.polyval(p2, C1f_coeff, o, eps2) / C1f_coeff[o + p2 + 1];
+      o += p2 + 2;
+      d *= eps;
+    }
+  };
+  C1pf_coeff = [
+    // C1p[1]/eps^1, polynomial in eps2 of order 2
+    205,
+    -432,
+    768,
+    1536,
+    // C1p[2]/eps^2, polynomial in eps2 of order 2
+    4005,
+    -4736,
+    3840,
+    12288,
+    // C1p[3]/eps^3, polynomial in eps2 of order 1
+    -225,
+    116,
+    384,
+    // C1p[4]/eps^4, polynomial in eps2 of order 1
+    -7173,
+    2695,
+    7680,
+    // C1p[5]/eps^5, polynomial in eps2 of order 0
+    3467,
+    7680,
+    // C1p[6]/eps^6, polynomial in eps2 of order 0
+    38081,
+    61440
+  ];
+  g.C1pf = function(eps, c2) {
+    var eps2 = m.sq(eps), d = eps, o = 0, l2, p2;
+    for (l2 = 1; l2 <= g.nC1p_; ++l2) {
+      p2 = Math.floor((g.nC1p_ - l2) / 2);
+      c2[l2] = d * m.polyval(p2, C1pf_coeff, o, eps2) / C1pf_coeff[o + p2 + 1];
+      o += p2 + 2;
+      d *= eps;
+    }
+  };
+  A2m1f_coeff = [
+    // (eps+1)*A2-1, polynomial in eps2 of order 3
+    -11,
+    -28,
+    -192,
+    0,
+    256
+  ];
+  g.A2m1f = function(eps) {
+    var p2 = Math.floor(nA2_ / 2), t = m.polyval(p2, A2m1f_coeff, 0, m.sq(eps)) / A2m1f_coeff[p2 + 1];
+    return (t - eps) / (1 + eps);
+  };
+  C2f_coeff = [
+    // C2[1]/eps^1, polynomial in eps2 of order 2
+    1,
+    2,
+    16,
+    32,
+    // C2[2]/eps^2, polynomial in eps2 of order 2
+    35,
+    64,
+    384,
+    2048,
+    // C2[3]/eps^3, polynomial in eps2 of order 1
+    15,
+    80,
+    768,
+    // C2[4]/eps^4, polynomial in eps2 of order 1
+    7,
+    35,
+    512,
+    // C2[5]/eps^5, polynomial in eps2 of order 0
+    63,
+    1280,
+    // C2[6]/eps^6, polynomial in eps2 of order 0
+    77,
+    2048
+  ];
+  g.C2f = function(eps, c2) {
+    var eps2 = m.sq(eps), d = eps, o = 0, l2, p2;
+    for (l2 = 1; l2 <= g.nC2_; ++l2) {
+      p2 = Math.floor((g.nC2_ - l2) / 2);
+      c2[l2] = d * m.polyval(p2, C2f_coeff, o, eps2) / C2f_coeff[o + p2 + 1];
+      o += p2 + 2;
+      d *= eps;
+    }
+  };
+  g.Geodesic = function(a, f) {
+    this.a = a;
+    this.f = f;
+    this._f1 = 1 - this.f;
+    this._e2 = this.f * (2 - this.f);
+    this._ep2 = this._e2 / m.sq(this._f1);
+    this._n = this.f / (2 - this.f);
+    this._b = this.a * this._f1;
+    this._c2 = (m.sq(this.a) + m.sq(this._b) * (this._e2 === 0 ? 1 : (this._e2 > 0 ? m.atanh(Math.sqrt(this._e2)) : Math.atan(Math.sqrt(-this._e2))) / Math.sqrt(Math.abs(this._e2)))) / 2;
+    this._etol2 = 0.1 * tol2_ / Math.sqrt(Math.max(1e-3, Math.abs(this.f)) * Math.min(1, 1 - this.f / 2) / 2);
+    if (!(isFinite(this.a) && this.a > 0))
+      throw new Error("Equatorial radius is not positive");
+    if (!(isFinite(this._b) && this._b > 0))
+      throw new Error("Polar semi-axis is not positive");
+    this._A3x = new Array(nA3x_);
+    this._C3x = new Array(nC3x_);
+    this._C4x = new Array(nC4x_);
+    this.A3coeff();
+    this.C3coeff();
+    this.C4coeff();
+  };
+  A3_coeff = [
+    // A3, coeff of eps^5, polynomial in n of order 0
+    -3,
+    128,
+    // A3, coeff of eps^4, polynomial in n of order 1
+    -2,
+    -3,
+    64,
+    // A3, coeff of eps^3, polynomial in n of order 2
+    -1,
+    -3,
+    -1,
+    16,
+    // A3, coeff of eps^2, polynomial in n of order 2
+    3,
+    -1,
+    -2,
+    8,
+    // A3, coeff of eps^1, polynomial in n of order 1
+    1,
+    -1,
+    2,
+    // A3, coeff of eps^0, polynomial in n of order 0
+    1,
+    1
+  ];
+  g.Geodesic.prototype.A3coeff = function() {
+    var o = 0, k = 0, j, p2;
+    for (j = nA3_ - 1; j >= 0; --j) {
+      p2 = Math.min(nA3_ - j - 1, j);
+      this._A3x[k++] = m.polyval(p2, A3_coeff, o, this._n) / A3_coeff[o + p2 + 1];
+      o += p2 + 2;
+    }
+  };
+  C3_coeff = [
+    // C3[1], coeff of eps^5, polynomial in n of order 0
+    3,
+    128,
+    // C3[1], coeff of eps^4, polynomial in n of order 1
+    2,
+    5,
+    128,
+    // C3[1], coeff of eps^3, polynomial in n of order 2
+    -1,
+    3,
+    3,
+    64,
+    // C3[1], coeff of eps^2, polynomial in n of order 2
+    -1,
+    0,
+    1,
+    8,
+    // C3[1], coeff of eps^1, polynomial in n of order 1
+    -1,
+    1,
+    4,
+    // C3[2], coeff of eps^5, polynomial in n of order 0
+    5,
+    256,
+    // C3[2], coeff of eps^4, polynomial in n of order 1
+    1,
+    3,
+    128,
+    // C3[2], coeff of eps^3, polynomial in n of order 2
+    -3,
+    -2,
+    3,
+    64,
+    // C3[2], coeff of eps^2, polynomial in n of order 2
+    1,
+    -3,
+    2,
+    32,
+    // C3[3], coeff of eps^5, polynomial in n of order 0
+    7,
+    512,
+    // C3[3], coeff of eps^4, polynomial in n of order 1
+    -10,
+    9,
+    384,
+    // C3[3], coeff of eps^3, polynomial in n of order 2
+    5,
+    -9,
+    5,
+    192,
+    // C3[4], coeff of eps^5, polynomial in n of order 0
+    7,
+    512,
+    // C3[4], coeff of eps^4, polynomial in n of order 1
+    -14,
+    7,
+    512,
+    // C3[5], coeff of eps^5, polynomial in n of order 0
+    21,
+    2560
+  ];
+  g.Geodesic.prototype.C3coeff = function() {
+    var o = 0, k = 0, l2, j, p2;
+    for (l2 = 1; l2 < g.nC3_; ++l2) {
+      for (j = g.nC3_ - 1; j >= l2; --j) {
+        p2 = Math.min(g.nC3_ - j - 1, j);
+        this._C3x[k++] = m.polyval(p2, C3_coeff, o, this._n) / C3_coeff[o + p2 + 1];
+        o += p2 + 2;
+      }
+    }
+  };
+  C4_coeff = [
+    // C4[0], coeff of eps^5, polynomial in n of order 0
+    97,
+    15015,
+    // C4[0], coeff of eps^4, polynomial in n of order 1
+    1088,
+    156,
+    45045,
+    // C4[0], coeff of eps^3, polynomial in n of order 2
+    -224,
+    -4784,
+    1573,
+    45045,
+    // C4[0], coeff of eps^2, polynomial in n of order 3
+    -10656,
+    14144,
+    -4576,
+    -858,
+    45045,
+    // C4[0], coeff of eps^1, polynomial in n of order 4
+    64,
+    624,
+    -4576,
+    6864,
+    -3003,
+    15015,
+    // C4[0], coeff of eps^0, polynomial in n of order 5
+    100,
+    208,
+    572,
+    3432,
+    -12012,
+    30030,
+    45045,
+    // C4[1], coeff of eps^5, polynomial in n of order 0
+    1,
+    9009,
+    // C4[1], coeff of eps^4, polynomial in n of order 1
+    -2944,
+    468,
+    135135,
+    // C4[1], coeff of eps^3, polynomial in n of order 2
+    5792,
+    1040,
+    -1287,
+    135135,
+    // C4[1], coeff of eps^2, polynomial in n of order 3
+    5952,
+    -11648,
+    9152,
+    -2574,
+    135135,
+    // C4[1], coeff of eps^1, polynomial in n of order 4
+    -64,
+    -624,
+    4576,
+    -6864,
+    3003,
+    135135,
+    // C4[2], coeff of eps^5, polynomial in n of order 0
+    8,
+    10725,
+    // C4[2], coeff of eps^4, polynomial in n of order 1
+    1856,
+    -936,
+    225225,
+    // C4[2], coeff of eps^3, polynomial in n of order 2
+    -8448,
+    4992,
+    -1144,
+    225225,
+    // C4[2], coeff of eps^2, polynomial in n of order 3
+    -1440,
+    4160,
+    -4576,
+    1716,
+    225225,
+    // C4[3], coeff of eps^5, polynomial in n of order 0
+    -136,
+    63063,
+    // C4[3], coeff of eps^4, polynomial in n of order 1
+    1024,
+    -208,
+    105105,
+    // C4[3], coeff of eps^3, polynomial in n of order 2
+    3584,
+    -3328,
+    1144,
+    315315,
+    // C4[4], coeff of eps^5, polynomial in n of order 0
+    -128,
+    135135,
+    // C4[4], coeff of eps^4, polynomial in n of order 1
+    -2560,
+    832,
+    405405,
+    // C4[5], coeff of eps^5, polynomial in n of order 0
+    128,
+    99099
+  ];
+  g.Geodesic.prototype.C4coeff = function() {
+    var o = 0, k = 0, l2, j, p2;
+    for (l2 = 0; l2 < g.nC4_; ++l2) {
+      for (j = g.nC4_ - 1; j >= l2; --j) {
+        p2 = g.nC4_ - j - 1;
+        this._C4x[k++] = m.polyval(p2, C4_coeff, o, this._n) / C4_coeff[o + p2 + 1];
+        o += p2 + 2;
+      }
+    }
+  };
+  g.Geodesic.prototype.A3f = function(eps) {
+    return m.polyval(nA3x_ - 1, this._A3x, 0, eps);
+  };
+  g.Geodesic.prototype.C3f = function(eps, c2) {
+    var mult = 1, o = 0, l2, p2;
+    for (l2 = 1; l2 < g.nC3_; ++l2) {
+      p2 = g.nC3_ - l2 - 1;
+      mult *= eps;
+      c2[l2] = mult * m.polyval(p2, this._C3x, o, eps);
+      o += p2 + 1;
+    }
+  };
+  g.Geodesic.prototype.C4f = function(eps, c2) {
+    var mult = 1, o = 0, l2, p2;
+    for (l2 = 0; l2 < g.nC4_; ++l2) {
+      p2 = g.nC4_ - l2 - 1;
+      c2[l2] = mult * m.polyval(p2, this._C4x, o, eps);
+      o += p2 + 1;
+      mult *= eps;
+    }
+  };
+  g.Geodesic.prototype.Lengths = function(eps, sig12, ssig1, csig1, dn1, ssig2, csig2, dn2, cbet1, cbet2, outmask, C1a, C2a) {
+    outmask &= g.OUT_MASK;
+    var vals = {}, m0x = 0, J12 = 0, A12 = 0, A22 = 0, B1, B2, l2, csig12, t;
+    if (outmask & (g.DISTANCE | g.REDUCEDLENGTH | g.GEODESICSCALE)) {
+      A12 = g.A1m1f(eps);
+      g.C1f(eps, C1a);
+      if (outmask & (g.REDUCEDLENGTH | g.GEODESICSCALE)) {
+        A22 = g.A2m1f(eps);
+        g.C2f(eps, C2a);
+        m0x = A12 - A22;
+        A22 = 1 + A22;
+      }
+      A12 = 1 + A12;
+    }
+    if (outmask & g.DISTANCE) {
+      B1 = g.SinCosSeries(true, ssig2, csig2, C1a) - g.SinCosSeries(true, ssig1, csig1, C1a);
+      vals.s12b = A12 * (sig12 + B1);
+      if (outmask & (g.REDUCEDLENGTH | g.GEODESICSCALE)) {
+        B2 = g.SinCosSeries(true, ssig2, csig2, C2a) - g.SinCosSeries(true, ssig1, csig1, C2a);
+        J12 = m0x * sig12 + (A12 * B1 - A22 * B2);
+      }
+    } else if (outmask & (g.REDUCEDLENGTH | g.GEODESICSCALE)) {
+      for (l2 = 1; l2 <= g.nC2_; ++l2)
+        C2a[l2] = A12 * C1a[l2] - A22 * C2a[l2];
+      J12 = m0x * sig12 + (g.SinCosSeries(true, ssig2, csig2, C2a) - g.SinCosSeries(true, ssig1, csig1, C2a));
+    }
+    if (outmask & g.REDUCEDLENGTH) {
+      vals.m0 = m0x;
+      vals.m12b = dn2 * (csig1 * ssig2) - dn1 * (ssig1 * csig2) - csig1 * csig2 * J12;
+    } else
+      vals.m12b = NaN;
+    if (outmask & g.GEODESICSCALE) {
+      csig12 = csig1 * csig2 + ssig1 * ssig2;
+      t = this._ep2 * (cbet1 - cbet2) * (cbet1 + cbet2) / (dn1 + dn2);
+      vals.M12 = csig12 + (t * ssig2 - csig2 * J12) * ssig1 / dn1;
+      vals.M21 = csig12 - (t * ssig1 - csig1 * J12) * ssig2 / dn2;
+    }
+    return vals;
+  };
+  g.Geodesic.prototype.InverseStart = function(sbet1, cbet1, dn1, sbet2, cbet2, dn2, lam12, slam12, clam12, C1a, C2a) {
+    var vals = {}, sbet12 = sbet2 * cbet1 - cbet2 * sbet1, cbet12 = cbet2 * cbet1 + sbet2 * sbet1, sbet12a, shortline, omg12, sbetm2, somg12, comg12, t, ssig12, csig12, x, y, lamscale, betscale, k2, eps, cbet12a, bet12a, m12b, m0, nvals, k, omg12a, lam12x;
+    vals.sig12 = -1;
+    sbet12a = sbet2 * cbet1;
+    sbet12a += cbet2 * sbet1;
+    shortline = cbet12 >= 0 && sbet12 < 0.5 && cbet2 * lam12 < 0.5;
+    if (shortline) {
+      sbetm2 = m.sq(sbet1 + sbet2);
+      sbetm2 /= sbetm2 + m.sq(cbet1 + cbet2);
+      vals.dnm = Math.sqrt(1 + this._ep2 * sbetm2);
+      omg12 = lam12 / (this._f1 * vals.dnm);
+      somg12 = Math.sin(omg12);
+      comg12 = Math.cos(omg12);
+    } else {
+      somg12 = slam12;
+      comg12 = clam12;
+    }
+    vals.salp1 = cbet2 * somg12;
+    vals.calp1 = comg12 >= 0 ? sbet12 + cbet2 * sbet1 * m.sq(somg12) / (1 + comg12) : sbet12a - cbet2 * sbet1 * m.sq(somg12) / (1 - comg12);
+    ssig12 = m.hypot(vals.salp1, vals.calp1);
+    csig12 = sbet1 * sbet2 + cbet1 * cbet2 * comg12;
+    if (shortline && ssig12 < this._etol2) {
+      vals.salp2 = cbet1 * somg12;
+      vals.calp2 = sbet12 - cbet1 * sbet2 * (comg12 >= 0 ? m.sq(somg12) / (1 + comg12) : 1 - comg12);
+      t = m.hypot(vals.salp2, vals.calp2);
+      vals.salp2 /= t;
+      vals.calp2 /= t;
+      vals.sig12 = Math.atan2(ssig12, csig12);
+    } else if (Math.abs(this._n) > 0.1 || // Skip astroid calc if too eccentric
+    csig12 >= 0 || ssig12 >= 6 * Math.abs(this._n) * Math.PI * m.sq(cbet1)) {
+    } else {
+      lam12x = Math.atan2(-slam12, -clam12);
+      if (this.f >= 0) {
+        k2 = m.sq(sbet1) * this._ep2;
+        eps = k2 / (2 * (1 + Math.sqrt(1 + k2)) + k2);
+        lamscale = this.f * cbet1 * this.A3f(eps) * Math.PI;
+        betscale = lamscale * cbet1;
+        x = lam12x / lamscale;
+        y = sbet12a / betscale;
+      } else {
+        cbet12a = cbet2 * cbet1 - sbet2 * sbet1;
+        bet12a = Math.atan2(sbet12a, cbet12a);
+        nvals = this.Lengths(this._n, Math.PI + bet12a, sbet1, -cbet1, dn1, sbet2, cbet2, dn2, cbet1, cbet2, g.REDUCEDLENGTH, C1a, C2a);
+        m12b = nvals.m12b;
+        m0 = nvals.m0;
+        x = -1 + m12b / (cbet1 * cbet2 * m0 * Math.PI);
+        betscale = x < -0.01 ? sbet12a / x : -this.f * m.sq(cbet1) * Math.PI;
+        lamscale = betscale / cbet1;
+        y = lam12 / lamscale;
+      }
+      if (y > -tol1_ && x > -1 - xthresh_) {
+        if (this.f >= 0) {
+          vals.salp1 = Math.min(1, -x);
+          vals.calp1 = -Math.sqrt(1 - m.sq(vals.salp1));
+        } else {
+          vals.calp1 = Math.max(x > -tol1_ ? 0 : -1, x);
+          vals.salp1 = Math.sqrt(1 - m.sq(vals.calp1));
+        }
+      } else {
+        k = astroid(x, y);
+        omg12a = lamscale * (this.f >= 0 ? -x * k / (1 + k) : -y * (1 + k) / k);
+        somg12 = Math.sin(omg12a);
+        comg12 = -Math.cos(omg12a);
+        vals.salp1 = cbet2 * somg12;
+        vals.calp1 = sbet12a - cbet2 * sbet1 * m.sq(somg12) / (1 - comg12);
+      }
+    }
+    if (!(vals.salp1 <= 0)) {
+      t = m.hypot(vals.salp1, vals.calp1);
+      vals.salp1 /= t;
+      vals.calp1 /= t;
+    } else {
+      vals.salp1 = 1;
+      vals.calp1 = 0;
+    }
+    return vals;
+  };
+  g.Geodesic.prototype.Lambda12 = function(sbet1, cbet1, dn1, sbet2, cbet2, dn2, salp1, calp1, slam120, clam120, diffp, C1a, C2a, C3a) {
+    var vals = {}, t, salp0, calp0, somg1, comg1, somg2, comg2, somg12, comg12, B312, eta, k2, nvals;
+    if (sbet1 === 0 && calp1 === 0)
+      calp1 = -g.tiny_;
+    salp0 = salp1 * cbet1;
+    calp0 = m.hypot(calp1, salp1 * sbet1);
+    vals.ssig1 = sbet1;
+    somg1 = salp0 * sbet1;
+    vals.csig1 = comg1 = calp1 * cbet1;
+    t = m.hypot(vals.ssig1, vals.csig1);
+    vals.ssig1 /= t;
+    vals.csig1 /= t;
+    vals.salp2 = cbet2 !== cbet1 ? salp0 / cbet2 : salp1;
+    vals.calp2 = cbet2 !== cbet1 || Math.abs(sbet2) !== -sbet1 ? Math.sqrt(m.sq(calp1 * cbet1) + (cbet1 < -sbet1 ? (cbet2 - cbet1) * (cbet1 + cbet2) : (sbet1 - sbet2) * (sbet1 + sbet2))) / cbet2 : Math.abs(calp1);
+    vals.ssig2 = sbet2;
+    somg2 = salp0 * sbet2;
+    vals.csig2 = comg2 = vals.calp2 * cbet2;
+    t = m.hypot(vals.ssig2, vals.csig2);
+    vals.ssig2 /= t;
+    vals.csig2 /= t;
+    vals.sig12 = Math.atan2(Math.max(0, vals.csig1 * vals.ssig2 - vals.ssig1 * vals.csig2), vals.csig1 * vals.csig2 + vals.ssig1 * vals.ssig2);
+    somg12 = Math.max(0, comg1 * somg2 - somg1 * comg2);
+    comg12 = comg1 * comg2 + somg1 * somg2;
+    eta = Math.atan2(somg12 * clam120 - comg12 * slam120, comg12 * clam120 + somg12 * slam120);
+    k2 = m.sq(calp0) * this._ep2;
+    vals.eps = k2 / (2 * (1 + Math.sqrt(1 + k2)) + k2);
+    this.C3f(vals.eps, C3a);
+    B312 = g.SinCosSeries(true, vals.ssig2, vals.csig2, C3a) - g.SinCosSeries(true, vals.ssig1, vals.csig1, C3a);
+    vals.domg12 = -this.f * this.A3f(vals.eps) * salp0 * (vals.sig12 + B312);
+    vals.lam12 = eta + vals.domg12;
+    if (diffp) {
+      if (vals.calp2 === 0)
+        vals.dlam12 = -2 * this._f1 * dn1 / sbet1;
+      else {
+        nvals = this.Lengths(vals.eps, vals.sig12, vals.ssig1, vals.csig1, dn1, vals.ssig2, vals.csig2, dn2, cbet1, cbet2, g.REDUCEDLENGTH, C1a, C2a);
+        vals.dlam12 = nvals.m12b;
+        vals.dlam12 *= this._f1 / (vals.calp2 * cbet2);
+      }
+    }
+    return vals;
+  };
+  g.Geodesic.prototype.Inverse = function(lat1, lon1, lat2, lon2, outmask) {
+    var r, vals;
+    if (!outmask)
+      outmask = g.STANDARD;
+    if (outmask === g.LONG_UNROLL)
+      outmask |= g.STANDARD;
+    outmask &= g.OUT_MASK;
+    r = this.InverseInt(lat1, lon1, lat2, lon2, outmask);
+    vals = r.vals;
+    if (outmask & g.AZIMUTH) {
+      vals.azi1 = m.atan2d(r.salp1, r.calp1);
+      vals.azi2 = m.atan2d(r.salp2, r.calp2);
+    }
+    return vals;
+  };
+  g.Geodesic.prototype.InverseInt = function(lat1, lon1, lat2, lon2, outmask) {
+    var vals = {}, lon12, lon12s, lonsign, t, swapp, latsign, sbet1, cbet1, sbet2, cbet2, s12x, m12x, dn1, dn2, lam12, slam12, clam12, sig12, calp1, salp1, calp2, salp2, C1a, C2a, C3a, meridian, nvals, ssig1, csig1, ssig2, csig2, eps, omg12, dnm, numit, salp1a, calp1a, salp1b, calp1b, tripn, tripb, v, dv, dalp1, sdalp1, cdalp1, nsalp1, lengthmask, salp0, calp0, alp12, k2, A42, C4a, B41, B42, somg12, comg12, domg12, dbet1, dbet2, salp12, calp12, sdomg12, cdomg12;
+    vals.lat1 = lat1 = m.LatFix(lat1);
+    vals.lat2 = lat2 = m.LatFix(lat2);
+    lat1 = m.AngRound(lat1);
+    lat2 = m.AngRound(lat2);
+    lon12 = m.AngDiff(lon1, lon2);
+    lon12s = lon12.e;
+    lon12 = lon12.d;
+    if (outmask & g.LONG_UNROLL) {
+      vals.lon1 = lon1;
+      vals.lon2 = lon1 + lon12 + lon12s;
+    } else {
+      vals.lon1 = m.AngNormalize(lon1);
+      vals.lon2 = m.AngNormalize(lon2);
+    }
+    lonsign = m.copysign(1, lon12);
+    lon12 *= lonsign;
+    lon12s *= lonsign;
+    lam12 = lon12 * m.degree;
+    t = m.sincosde(lon12, lon12s);
+    slam12 = t.s;
+    clam12 = t.c;
+    lon12s = 180 - lon12 - lon12s;
+    swapp = Math.abs(lat1) < Math.abs(lat2) || isNaN(lat2) ? -1 : 1;
+    if (swapp < 0) {
+      lonsign *= -1;
+      [lat2, lat1] = [lat1, lat2];
+    }
+    latsign = m.copysign(1, -lat1);
+    lat1 *= latsign;
+    lat2 *= latsign;
+    t = m.sincosd(lat1);
+    sbet1 = this._f1 * t.s;
+    cbet1 = t.c;
+    t = m.hypot(sbet1, cbet1);
+    sbet1 /= t;
+    cbet1 /= t;
+    cbet1 = Math.max(g.tiny_, cbet1);
+    t = m.sincosd(lat2);
+    sbet2 = this._f1 * t.s;
+    cbet2 = t.c;
+    t = m.hypot(sbet2, cbet2);
+    sbet2 /= t;
+    cbet2 /= t;
+    cbet2 = Math.max(g.tiny_, cbet2);
+    if (cbet1 < -sbet1) {
+      if (cbet2 === cbet1)
+        sbet2 = m.copysign(sbet1, sbet2);
+    } else {
+      if (Math.abs(sbet2) === -sbet1)
+        cbet2 = cbet1;
+    }
+    dn1 = Math.sqrt(1 + this._ep2 * m.sq(sbet1));
+    dn2 = Math.sqrt(1 + this._ep2 * m.sq(sbet2));
+    C1a = new Array(g.nC1_ + 1);
+    C2a = new Array(g.nC2_ + 1);
+    C3a = new Array(g.nC3_);
+    meridian = lat1 === -90 || slam12 === 0;
+    if (meridian) {
+      calp1 = clam12;
+      salp1 = slam12;
+      calp2 = 1;
+      salp2 = 0;
+      ssig1 = sbet1;
+      csig1 = calp1 * cbet1;
+      ssig2 = sbet2;
+      csig2 = calp2 * cbet2;
+      sig12 = Math.atan2(Math.max(0, csig1 * ssig2 - ssig1 * csig2), csig1 * csig2 + ssig1 * ssig2);
+      nvals = this.Lengths(this._n, sig12, ssig1, csig1, dn1, ssig2, csig2, dn2, cbet1, cbet2, outmask | g.DISTANCE | g.REDUCEDLENGTH, C1a, C2a);
+      s12x = nvals.s12b;
+      m12x = nvals.m12b;
+      if (outmask & g.GEODESICSCALE) {
+        vals.M12 = nvals.M12;
+        vals.M21 = nvals.M21;
+      }
+      if (sig12 < tol2_ || m12x >= 0) {
+        if (sig12 < 3 * g.tiny_ || // Prevent negative s12 or m12 for short lines
+        sig12 < tol0_ && (s12x < 0 || m12x < 0))
+          sig12 = m12x = s12x = 0;
+        m12x *= this._b;
+        s12x *= this._b;
+        vals.a12 = sig12 / m.degree;
+      } else
+        meridian = false;
+    }
+    somg12 = 2;
+    if (!meridian && sbet1 === 0 && // and sbet2 == 0
+    (this.f <= 0 || lon12s >= this.f * 180)) {
+      calp1 = calp2 = 0;
+      salp1 = salp2 = 1;
+      s12x = this.a * lam12;
+      sig12 = omg12 = lam12 / this._f1;
+      m12x = this._b * Math.sin(sig12);
+      if (outmask & g.GEODESICSCALE)
+        vals.M12 = vals.M21 = Math.cos(sig12);
+      vals.a12 = lon12 / this._f1;
+    } else if (!meridian) {
+      nvals = this.InverseStart(sbet1, cbet1, dn1, sbet2, cbet2, dn2, lam12, slam12, clam12, C1a, C2a);
+      sig12 = nvals.sig12;
+      salp1 = nvals.salp1;
+      calp1 = nvals.calp1;
+      if (sig12 >= 0) {
+        salp2 = nvals.salp2;
+        calp2 = nvals.calp2;
+        dnm = nvals.dnm;
+        s12x = sig12 * this._b * dnm;
+        m12x = m.sq(dnm) * this._b * Math.sin(sig12 / dnm);
+        if (outmask & g.GEODESICSCALE)
+          vals.M12 = vals.M21 = Math.cos(sig12 / dnm);
+        vals.a12 = sig12 / m.degree;
+        omg12 = lam12 / (this._f1 * dnm);
+      } else {
+        numit = 0;
+        salp1a = g.tiny_;
+        calp1a = 1;
+        salp1b = g.tiny_;
+        calp1b = -1;
+        for (tripn = false, tripb = false; ; ++numit) {
+          nvals = this.Lambda12(sbet1, cbet1, dn1, sbet2, cbet2, dn2, salp1, calp1, slam12, clam12, numit < maxit1_, C1a, C2a, C3a);
+          v = nvals.lam12;
+          salp2 = nvals.salp2;
+          calp2 = nvals.calp2;
+          sig12 = nvals.sig12;
+          ssig1 = nvals.ssig1;
+          csig1 = nvals.csig1;
+          ssig2 = nvals.ssig2;
+          csig2 = nvals.csig2;
+          eps = nvals.eps;
+          domg12 = nvals.domg12;
+          dv = nvals.dlam12;
+          if (tripb || !(Math.abs(v) >= (tripn ? 8 : 1) * tol0_) || numit == maxit2_)
+            break;
+          if (v > 0 && (numit < maxit1_ || calp1 / salp1 > calp1b / salp1b)) {
+            salp1b = salp1;
+            calp1b = calp1;
+          } else if (v < 0 && (numit < maxit1_ || calp1 / salp1 < calp1a / salp1a)) {
+            salp1a = salp1;
+            calp1a = calp1;
+          }
+          if (numit < maxit1_ && dv > 0) {
+            dalp1 = -v / dv;
+            if (Math.abs(dalp1) < Math.PI) {
+              sdalp1 = Math.sin(dalp1);
+              cdalp1 = Math.cos(dalp1);
+              nsalp1 = salp1 * cdalp1 + calp1 * sdalp1;
+              if (nsalp1 > 0) {
+                calp1 = calp1 * cdalp1 - salp1 * sdalp1;
+                salp1 = nsalp1;
+                t = m.hypot(salp1, calp1);
+                salp1 /= t;
+                calp1 /= t;
+                tripn = Math.abs(v) <= 16 * tol0_;
+                continue;
+              }
+            }
+          }
+          salp1 = (salp1a + salp1b) / 2;
+          calp1 = (calp1a + calp1b) / 2;
+          t = m.hypot(salp1, calp1);
+          salp1 /= t;
+          calp1 /= t;
+          tripn = false;
+          tripb = Math.abs(salp1a - salp1) + (calp1a - calp1) < tolb_ || Math.abs(salp1 - salp1b) + (calp1 - calp1b) < tolb_;
+        }
+        lengthmask = outmask | (outmask & (g.REDUCEDLENGTH | g.GEODESICSCALE) ? g.DISTANCE : g.NONE);
+        nvals = this.Lengths(eps, sig12, ssig1, csig1, dn1, ssig2, csig2, dn2, cbet1, cbet2, lengthmask, C1a, C2a);
+        s12x = nvals.s12b;
+        m12x = nvals.m12b;
+        if (outmask & g.GEODESICSCALE) {
+          vals.M12 = nvals.M12;
+          vals.M21 = nvals.M21;
+        }
+        m12x *= this._b;
+        s12x *= this._b;
+        vals.a12 = sig12 / m.degree;
+        if (outmask & g.AREA) {
+          sdomg12 = Math.sin(domg12);
+          cdomg12 = Math.cos(domg12);
+          somg12 = slam12 * cdomg12 - clam12 * sdomg12;
+          comg12 = clam12 * cdomg12 + slam12 * sdomg12;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    if (outmask & g.DISTANCE)
+      vals.s12 = 0 + s12x;
+    if (outmask & g.REDUCEDLENGTH)
+      vals.m12 = 0 + m12x;
+    if (outmask & g.AREA) {
+      salp0 = salp1 * cbet1;
+      calp0 = m.hypot(calp1, salp1 * sbet1);
+      if (calp0 !== 0 && salp0 !== 0) {
+        ssig1 = sbet1;
+        csig1 = calp1 * cbet1;
+        ssig2 = sbet2;
+        csig2 = calp2 * cbet2;
+        k2 = m.sq(calp0) * this._ep2;
+        eps = k2 / (2 * (1 + Math.sqrt(1 + k2)) + k2);
+        A42 = m.sq(this.a) * calp0 * salp0 * this._e2;
+        t = m.hypot(ssig1, csig1);
+        ssig1 /= t;
+        csig1 /= t;
+        t = m.hypot(ssig2, csig2);
+        ssig2 /= t;
+        csig2 /= t;
+        C4a = new Array(g.nC4_);
+        this.C4f(eps, C4a);
+        B41 = g.SinCosSeries(false, ssig1, csig1, C4a);
+        B42 = g.SinCosSeries(false, ssig2, csig2, C4a);
+        vals.S12 = A42 * (sig12 < 0.01 ? g.SinCosSeries(false, ssig1, csig1, C4a, sig12) : B42 - B41);
+      } else
+        vals.S12 = 0;
+      if (!meridian && somg12 == 2) {
+        somg12 = Math.sin(omg12);
+        comg12 = Math.cos(omg12);
+      }
+      if (!meridian && comg12 > -0.7071 && // Long difference not too big
+      sbet2 - sbet1 < 1.75) {
+        domg12 = 1 + comg12;
+        dbet1 = 1 + cbet1;
+        dbet2 = 1 + cbet2;
+        alp12 = 2 * Math.atan2(somg12 * (sbet1 * dbet2 + sbet2 * dbet1), domg12 * (sbet1 * sbet2 + dbet1 * dbet2));
+      } else {
+        salp12 = salp2 * calp1 - calp2 * salp1;
+        calp12 = calp2 * calp1 + salp2 * salp1;
+        if (salp12 === 0 && calp12 < 0) {
+          salp12 = g.tiny_ * calp1;
+          calp12 = -1;
+        }
+        alp12 = Math.atan2(salp12, calp12);
+      }
+      vals.S12 += this._c2 * alp12;
+      vals.S12 *= swapp * lonsign * latsign;
+      vals.S12 += 0;
+    }
+    if (swapp < 0) {
+      [salp2, salp1] = [salp1, salp2];
+      [calp2, calp1] = [calp1, calp2];
+      if (outmask & g.GEODESICSCALE) {
+        [vals.M21, vals.M12] = [vals.M12, vals.M21];
+      }
+    }
+    salp1 *= swapp * lonsign;
+    calp1 *= swapp * latsign;
+    salp2 *= swapp * lonsign;
+    calp2 *= swapp * latsign;
+    return {
+      vals,
+      salp1,
+      calp1,
+      salp2,
+      calp2
+    };
+  };
+  g.Geodesic.prototype.GenDirect = function(lat1, lon1, azi1, arcmode, s12_a12, outmask) {
+    var line;
+    if (!outmask)
+      outmask = g.STANDARD;
+    else if (outmask === g.LONG_UNROLL)
+      outmask |= g.STANDARD;
+    if (!arcmode)
+      outmask |= g.DISTANCE_IN;
+    line = new l.GeodesicLine(this, lat1, lon1, azi1, outmask);
+    return line.GenPosition(arcmode, s12_a12, outmask);
+  };
+  g.Geodesic.prototype.Direct = function(lat1, lon1, azi1, s12, outmask) {
+    return this.GenDirect(lat1, lon1, azi1, false, s12, outmask);
+  };
+  g.Geodesic.prototype.ArcDirect = function(lat1, lon1, azi1, a12, outmask) {
+    return this.GenDirect(lat1, lon1, azi1, true, a12, outmask);
+  };
+  g.Geodesic.prototype.Line = function(lat1, lon1, azi1, caps) {
+    return new l.GeodesicLine(this, lat1, lon1, azi1, caps);
+  };
+  g.Geodesic.prototype.DirectLine = function(lat1, lon1, azi1, s12, caps) {
+    return this.GenDirectLine(lat1, lon1, azi1, false, s12, caps);
+  };
+  g.Geodesic.prototype.ArcDirectLine = function(lat1, lon1, azi1, a12, caps) {
+    return this.GenDirectLine(lat1, lon1, azi1, true, a12, caps);
+  };
+  g.Geodesic.prototype.GenDirectLine = function(lat1, lon1, azi1, arcmode, s12_a12, caps) {
+    var t;
+    if (!caps)
+      caps = g.STANDARD | g.DISTANCE_IN;
+    if (!arcmode)
+      caps |= g.DISTANCE_IN;
+    t = new l.GeodesicLine(this, lat1, lon1, azi1, caps);
+    t.GenSetDistance(arcmode, s12_a12);
+    return t;
+  };
+  g.Geodesic.prototype.InverseLine = function(lat1, lon1, lat2, lon2, caps) {
+    var r, t, azi1;
+    if (!caps)
+      caps = g.STANDARD | g.DISTANCE_IN;
+    r = this.InverseInt(lat1, lon1, lat2, lon2, g.ARC);
+    azi1 = m.atan2d(r.salp1, r.calp1);
+    if (caps & (g.OUT_MASK & g.DISTANCE_IN))
+      caps |= g.DISTANCE;
+    t = new l.GeodesicLine(this, lat1, lon1, azi1, caps, r.salp1, r.calp1);
+    t.SetArc(r.vals.a12);
+    return t;
+  };
+  g.Geodesic.prototype.Polygon = function(polyline) {
+    return new p.PolygonArea(this, polyline);
+  };
+  g.WGS84 = new g.Geodesic(c.WGS84.a, c.WGS84.f);
+})(geodesic.Geodesic, geodesic.GeodesicLine, geodesic.PolygonArea, geodesic.Math, geodesic.Constants);
+(function(g, l, m) {
+  "use strict";
+  l.GeodesicLine = function(geod, lat1, lon1, azi1, caps, salp1, calp1) {
+    var t, cbet1, sbet1, eps, s, c;
+    if (!caps)
+      caps = g.STANDARD | g.DISTANCE_IN;
+    this.a = geod.a;
+    this.f = geod.f;
+    this._b = geod._b;
+    this._c2 = geod._c2;
+    this._f1 = geod._f1;
+    this.caps = caps | g.LATITUDE | g.AZIMUTH | g.LONG_UNROLL;
+    this.lat1 = m.LatFix(lat1);
+    this.lon1 = lon1;
+    if (typeof salp1 === "undefined" || typeof calp1 === "undefined") {
+      this.azi1 = m.AngNormalize(azi1);
+      t = m.sincosd(m.AngRound(this.azi1));
+      this.salp1 = t.s;
+      this.calp1 = t.c;
+    } else {
+      this.azi1 = azi1;
+      this.salp1 = salp1;
+      this.calp1 = calp1;
+    }
+    t = m.sincosd(m.AngRound(this.lat1));
+    sbet1 = this._f1 * t.s;
+    cbet1 = t.c;
+    t = m.hypot(sbet1, cbet1);
+    sbet1 /= t;
+    cbet1 /= t;
+    cbet1 = Math.max(g.tiny_, cbet1);
+    this._dn1 = Math.sqrt(1 + geod._ep2 * m.sq(sbet1));
+    this._salp0 = this.salp1 * cbet1;
+    this._calp0 = m.hypot(this.calp1, this.salp1 * sbet1);
+    this._ssig1 = sbet1;
+    this._somg1 = this._salp0 * sbet1;
+    this._csig1 = this._comg1 = sbet1 !== 0 || this.calp1 !== 0 ? cbet1 * this.calp1 : 1;
+    t = m.hypot(this._ssig1, this._csig1);
+    this._ssig1 /= t;
+    this._csig1 /= t;
+    this._k2 = m.sq(this._calp0) * geod._ep2;
+    eps = this._k2 / (2 * (1 + Math.sqrt(1 + this._k2)) + this._k2);
+    if (this.caps & g.CAP_C1) {
+      this._A1m1 = g.A1m1f(eps);
+      this._C1a = new Array(g.nC1_ + 1);
+      g.C1f(eps, this._C1a);
+      this._B11 = g.SinCosSeries(true, this._ssig1, this._csig1, this._C1a);
+      s = Math.sin(this._B11);
+      c = Math.cos(this._B11);
+      this._stau1 = this._ssig1 * c + this._csig1 * s;
+      this._ctau1 = this._csig1 * c - this._ssig1 * s;
+    }
+    if (this.caps & g.CAP_C1p) {
+      this._C1pa = new Array(g.nC1p_ + 1);
+      g.C1pf(eps, this._C1pa);
+    }
+    if (this.caps & g.CAP_C2) {
+      this._A2m1 = g.A2m1f(eps);
+      this._C2a = new Array(g.nC2_ + 1);
+      g.C2f(eps, this._C2a);
+      this._B21 = g.SinCosSeries(true, this._ssig1, this._csig1, this._C2a);
+    }
+    if (this.caps & g.CAP_C3) {
+      this._C3a = new Array(g.nC3_);
+      geod.C3f(eps, this._C3a);
+      this._A3c = -this.f * this._salp0 * geod.A3f(eps);
+      this._B31 = g.SinCosSeries(true, this._ssig1, this._csig1, this._C3a);
+    }
+    if (this.caps & g.CAP_C4) {
+      this._C4a = new Array(g.nC4_);
+      geod.C4f(eps, this._C4a);
+      this._A4 = m.sq(this.a) * this._calp0 * this._salp0 * geod._e2;
+      this._B41 = g.SinCosSeries(false, this._ssig1, this._csig1, this._C4a);
+    }
+    this.a13 = this.s13 = NaN;
+  };
+  l.GeodesicLine.prototype.GenPosition = function(arcmode, s12_a12, outmask) {
+    var vals = {}, sig12, ssig12, csig12, B12, AB1, ssig2, csig2, tau12, s, c, serr, omg12, lam12, lon12, E, sbet2, cbet2, somg2, comg2, salp2, calp2, dn2, B22, AB2, J12, t, B42, salp12, calp12;
+    if (!outmask)
+      outmask = g.STANDARD;
+    else if (outmask === g.LONG_UNROLL)
+      outmask |= g.STANDARD;
+    outmask &= this.caps & g.OUT_MASK;
+    vals.lat1 = this.lat1;
+    vals.azi1 = this.azi1;
+    vals.lon1 = outmask & g.LONG_UNROLL ? this.lon1 : m.AngNormalize(this.lon1);
+    if (arcmode)
+      vals.a12 = s12_a12;
+    else
+      vals.s12 = s12_a12;
+    if (!(arcmode || this.caps & g.DISTANCE_IN & g.OUT_MASK)) {
+      vals.a12 = NaN;
+      return vals;
+    }
+    B12 = 0;
+    AB1 = 0;
+    if (arcmode) {
+      sig12 = s12_a12 * m.degree;
+      t = m.sincosd(s12_a12);
+      ssig12 = t.s;
+      csig12 = t.c;
+    } else {
+      tau12 = s12_a12 / (this._b * (1 + this._A1m1));
+      s = Math.sin(tau12);
+      c = Math.cos(tau12);
+      B12 = -g.SinCosSeries(true, this._stau1 * c + this._ctau1 * s, this._ctau1 * c - this._stau1 * s, this._C1pa);
+      sig12 = tau12 - (B12 - this._B11);
+      ssig12 = Math.sin(sig12);
+      csig12 = Math.cos(sig12);
+      if (Math.abs(this.f) > 0.01) {
+        ssig2 = this._ssig1 * csig12 + this._csig1 * ssig12;
+        csig2 = this._csig1 * csig12 - this._ssig1 * ssig12;
+        B12 = g.SinCosSeries(true, ssig2, csig2, this._C1a);
+        serr = (1 + this._A1m1) * (sig12 + (B12 - this._B11)) - s12_a12 / this._b;
+        sig12 = sig12 - serr / Math.sqrt(1 + this._k2 * m.sq(ssig2));
+        ssig12 = Math.sin(sig12);
+        csig12 = Math.cos(sig12);
+      }
+    }
+    ssig2 = this._ssig1 * csig12 + this._csig1 * ssig12;
+    csig2 = this._csig1 * csig12 - this._ssig1 * ssig12;
+    dn2 = Math.sqrt(1 + this._k2 * m.sq(ssig2));
+    if (outmask & (g.DISTANCE | g.REDUCEDLENGTH | g.GEODESICSCALE)) {
+      if (arcmode || Math.abs(this.f) > 0.01)
+        B12 = g.SinCosSeries(true, ssig2, csig2, this._C1a);
+      AB1 = (1 + this._A1m1) * (B12 - this._B11);
+    }
+    sbet2 = this._calp0 * ssig2;
+    cbet2 = m.hypot(this._salp0, this._calp0 * csig2);
+    if (cbet2 === 0)
+      cbet2 = csig2 = g.tiny_;
+    salp2 = this._salp0;
+    calp2 = this._calp0 * csig2;
+    if (arcmode && outmask & g.DISTANCE)
+      vals.s12 = this._b * ((1 + this._A1m1) * sig12 + AB1);
+    if (outmask & g.LONGITUDE) {
+      somg2 = this._salp0 * ssig2;
+      comg2 = csig2;
+      E = m.copysign(1, this._salp0);
+      omg12 = outmask & g.LONG_UNROLL ? E * (sig12 - (Math.atan2(ssig2, csig2) - Math.atan2(this._ssig1, this._csig1)) + (Math.atan2(E * somg2, comg2) - Math.atan2(E * this._somg1, this._comg1))) : Math.atan2(somg2 * this._comg1 - comg2 * this._somg1, comg2 * this._comg1 + somg2 * this._somg1);
+      lam12 = omg12 + this._A3c * (sig12 + (g.SinCosSeries(true, ssig2, csig2, this._C3a) - this._B31));
+      lon12 = lam12 / m.degree;
+      vals.lon2 = outmask & g.LONG_UNROLL ? this.lon1 + lon12 : m.AngNormalize(m.AngNormalize(this.lon1) + m.AngNormalize(lon12));
+    }
+    if (outmask & g.LATITUDE)
+      vals.lat2 = m.atan2d(sbet2, this._f1 * cbet2);
+    if (outmask & g.AZIMUTH)
+      vals.azi2 = m.atan2d(salp2, calp2);
+    if (outmask & (g.REDUCEDLENGTH | g.GEODESICSCALE)) {
+      B22 = g.SinCosSeries(true, ssig2, csig2, this._C2a);
+      AB2 = (1 + this._A2m1) * (B22 - this._B21);
+      J12 = (this._A1m1 - this._A2m1) * sig12 + (AB1 - AB2);
+      if (outmask & g.REDUCEDLENGTH)
+        vals.m12 = this._b * (dn2 * (this._csig1 * ssig2) - this._dn1 * (this._ssig1 * csig2) - this._csig1 * csig2 * J12);
+      if (outmask & g.GEODESICSCALE) {
+        t = this._k2 * (ssig2 - this._ssig1) * (ssig2 + this._ssig1) / (this._dn1 + dn2);
+        vals.M12 = csig12 + (t * ssig2 - csig2 * J12) * this._ssig1 / this._dn1;
+        vals.M21 = csig12 - (t * this._ssig1 - this._csig1 * J12) * ssig2 / dn2;
+      }
+    }
+    if (outmask & g.AREA) {
+      B42 = g.SinCosSeries(false, ssig2, csig2, this._C4a);
+      if (this._calp0 === 0 || this._salp0 === 0) {
+        salp12 = salp2 * this.calp1 - calp2 * this.salp1;
+        calp12 = calp2 * this.calp1 + salp2 * this.salp1;
+      } else {
+        salp12 = this._calp0 * this._salp0 * (csig12 <= 0 ? this._csig1 * (1 - csig12) + ssig12 * this._ssig1 : ssig12 * (this._csig1 * ssig12 / (1 + csig12) + this._ssig1));
+        calp12 = m.sq(this._salp0) + m.sq(this._calp0) * this._csig1 * csig2;
+      }
+      vals.S12 = this._c2 * Math.atan2(salp12, calp12) + this._A4 * (Math.abs(sig12) < 0.01 ? g.SinCosSeries(false, this._ssig1, this._csig1, this._C4a, sig12) : B42 - this._B41);
+    }
+    if (!arcmode)
+      vals.a12 = sig12 / m.degree;
+    return vals;
+  };
+  l.GeodesicLine.prototype.Position = function(s12, outmask) {
+    return this.GenPosition(false, s12, outmask);
+  };
+  l.GeodesicLine.prototype.ArcPosition = function(a12, outmask) {
+    return this.GenPosition(true, a12, outmask);
+  };
+  l.GeodesicLine.prototype.GenSetDistance = function(arcmode, s13_a13) {
+    if (arcmode)
+      this.SetArc(s13_a13);
+    else
+      this.SetDistance(s13_a13);
+  };
+  l.GeodesicLine.prototype.SetDistance = function(s13) {
+    var r;
+    this.s13 = s13;
+    r = this.GenPosition(false, this.s13, g.ARC);
+    this.a13 = 0 + r.a12;
+  };
+  l.GeodesicLine.prototype.SetArc = function(a13) {
+    var r;
+    this.a13 = a13;
+    r = this.GenPosition(true, this.a13, g.DISTANCE);
+    this.s13 = 0 + r.s12;
+  };
+})(geodesic.Geodesic, geodesic.GeodesicLine, geodesic.Math);
+
+// dist/ellipsoid-geodesic.js
+var library = geodesic.Geodesic;
+function validateFinite(value2) {
+  if (!Number.isFinite(value2))
+    throw new Error("Geodesic axes, azimuth, distance and arc must be finite");
+}
+var nonAreaGeodesicMask = library.ALL & ~library.AREA;
+function createGeodesicEngine({ semiMajorAxis: a, semiMinorAxis: b }) {
+  validateFinite(a);
+  validateFinite(b);
+  return new library.Geodesic(a, (a - b) / a);
+}
+
+// dist/projection/experimental/ellipsoidal-gnomonic.js
+var degrees = 180 / Math.PI;
+function prepareEllipsoidalGnomonic(base) {
+  return {
+    engine: createGeodesicEngine({ semiMajorAxis: 1, semiMinorAxis: Math.sqrt(1 - base.es) }),
+    latitude: base.lat0 * degrees
+  };
+}
+function forwardEllipsoidalGnomonic(base, state, p) {
+  const result = state.engine.Inverse(state.latitude, 0, p.y * degrees, adjust_lon_default(p.x - base.long0, base.over) * degrees, nonAreaGeodesicMask);
+  if (!(result.M12 > 0))
+    throw new Error("Coordinate is outside the ellipsoidal gnomonic horizon");
+  const radius2 = base.a * result.m12 / result.M12;
+  const azimuth = result.azi1 / degrees;
+  p.x = base.x0 + radius2 * Math.sin(azimuth);
+  p.y = base.y0 + radius2 * Math.cos(azimuth);
+  return p;
+}
+function inverseEllipsoidalGnomonic(base, state, p) {
+  const x = (p.x - base.x0) / base.a;
+  const y = (p.y - base.y0) / base.a;
+  const radius2 = Math.hypot(x, y);
+  if (radius2 === 0) {
+    p.x = base.long0;
+    p.y = base.lat0;
+    return p;
+  }
+  const line = state.engine.Line(state.latitude, 0, Math.atan2(x, y) * degrees, nonAreaGeodesicMask);
+  const little = radius2 <= 1;
+  const target = little ? radius2 : 1 / radius2;
+  let distance = Math.atan(radius2);
+  for (let iteration = 0; iteration < 20; iteration++) {
+    const result = line.Position(distance, nonAreaGeodesicMask);
+    const step = little ? (result.m12 - target * result.M12) * result.M12 : (target * result.m12 - result.M12) * result.m12;
+    if (!Number.isFinite(step))
+      break;
+    distance -= step;
+    if (Math.abs(step) < 1e-14) {
+      const final = line.Position(distance, nonAreaGeodesicMask);
+      if (!(final.M12 > 0))
+        break;
+      p.x = adjust_lon_default(base.long0 + final.lon2 / degrees, base.over);
+      p.y = final.lat2 / degrees;
+      return p;
+    }
+  }
+  throw new Error("Ellipsoidal gnomonic inverse did not converge");
+}
+
 // dist/projection/experimental/kernels/gnom.js
 function initialize19(state) {
+  if (!state.sphere)
+    state.ellipsoid = prepareEllipsoidalGnomonic(state);
   state.sin_p14 = Math.sin(state.lat0);
   state.cos_p14 = Math.cos(state.lat0);
   state.infinity_dist = 1e3 * state.a;
   state.rc = 1;
 }
 function forward19(state, p) {
+  if (state.ellipsoid)
+    return forwardEllipsoidalGnomonic(state, state.ellipsoid, p);
   var sinphi, cosphi;
   var dlon;
   var coslon;
@@ -5482,6 +7019,8 @@ function forward19(state, p) {
   return p;
 }
 function inverse19(state, p) {
+  if (state.ellipsoid)
+    return inverseEllipsoidalGnomonic(state, state.ellipsoid, p);
   var rh;
   var sinc, cosc;
   var c;
@@ -5528,7 +7067,7 @@ var gnomonic = {
   create(context) {
     const base = catalogueParameters(context);
     const state = createState19(base);
-    return withAngularRenderingProfile(bindCatalogueKernel("gnom", context, state, forward19, inverse19, horizonGuard(base)), base, Math.PI * 80 / 180, (region, domain) => sphericalAzimuthalBounds(catalogueBoundsParameters(base, context), region, domain, "gnom"), Math.PI / 2);
+    return withAngularRenderingProfile(bindCatalogueKernel("gnom", context, state, forward19, inverse19, base.sphere ? horizonGuard(base) : void 0), base, Math.min(Math.PI * 80 / 180, (1 - base.es) * Math.PI * 0.45), (region, domain) => base.sphere ? sphericalAzimuthalBounds(catalogueBoundsParameters(base, context), region, domain, "gnom") : ellipsoidalGnomonicBounds(catalogueBoundsParameters(base, context), region, domain), (1 - base.es) * Math.PI / 2);
   }
 };
 
@@ -5630,7 +7169,7 @@ function initialize21(state) {
   state.a = 6377397155e-3;
   state.es = 0.006674372230614;
   state.e = Math.sqrt(state.es);
-  state.s45 = 0.785398163397448;
+  state.s45 = Math.PI / 4;
   state.s90 = 2 * state.s45;
   state.fi0 = state.lat0;
   state.e2 = state.es;
@@ -5807,53 +7346,55 @@ function forward23(state, p) {
   var lon = p.x;
   var lat = p.y;
   var delta_lon = adjust_lon_default(lon - state.long0, state.over);
-  var theta = lat;
-  var con = Math.PI * Math.sin(lat);
-  for (let iteration = 0; iteration < 50; iteration++) {
-    if (Math.abs(Math.abs(lat) - Math.PI / 2) < EPSLN) {
-      theta = Math.sign(lat) * Math.PI;
+  const sin = Math.sin(Math.abs(lat));
+  const cos = Math.cos(lat);
+  const target = Math.abs(lat) === Math.PI / 2 ? 0 : Math.PI * cos * cos / (1 + sin);
+  let v = Math.cbrt(6 * target);
+  let lower = 0;
+  let upper = Math.PI;
+  v = Math.min(v, upper);
+  for (let i = 0; i < 32 && v > 0; i++) {
+    const residual = sineComplement(v) - target;
+    const step = residual / (2 * Math.sin(v / 2) ** 2);
+    if (Math.abs(step) <= 16 * Number.EPSILON * v)
       break;
-    }
-    var delta_theta = -(theta + Math.sin(theta) - con) / (1 + Math.cos(theta));
-    theta += delta_theta;
-    if (iteration === 49)
-      throw new Error("Mollweide forward did not converge");
-    if (Math.abs(delta_theta) < EPSLN) {
+    if (residual > 0)
+      upper = v;
+    else
+      lower = v;
+    const next = v - step;
+    if (next === v || upper - lower <= 8 * Number.EPSILON * Math.max(1, v))
       break;
-    }
-  }
-  theta /= 2;
-  if (Math.PI / 2 - Math.abs(lat) < EPSLN) {
-    delta_lon = 0;
+    v = next >= lower && next <= upper ? next : (lower + upper) / 2;
+    if (i === 31)
+      throw new Error("Mollweide forward did not converge");
   }
-  var x = 0.900316316158 * state.a * delta_lon * Math.cos(theta) + state.x0;
-  var y = 1.4142135623731 * state.a * Math.sin(theta) + state.y0;
+  var x = 2 * Math.SQRT2 / Math.PI * state.a * delta_lon * Math.sin(v / 2) + state.x0;
+  var y = Math.sign(lat) * Math.SQRT2 * state.a * Math.cos(v / 2) + state.y0;
   p.x = x;
   p.y = y;
   return p;
 }
 function inverse23(state, p) {
-  var theta;
-  var arg;
-  p.x -= state.x0;
-  p.y -= state.y0;
-  arg = p.y / (1.4142135623731 * state.a);
-  if (Math.abs(arg) > 0.999999999999) {
-    arg = Math.sign(arg) * 0.999999999999;
-  }
-  theta = Math.asin(arg);
-  var lon = adjust_lon_default(state.long0 + p.x / (0.900316316158 * state.a * Math.cos(theta)), state.over);
-  if (!state.over && lon < -Math.PI) {
-    lon = -Math.PI;
-  }
-  if (!state.over && lon > Math.PI) {
-    lon = Math.PI;
-  }
-  arg = (2 * theta + Math.sin(2 * theta)) / Math.PI;
-  if (Math.abs(arg) > 1) {
-    arg = Math.sign(arg);
+  const x = p.x - state.x0;
+  const y = (p.y - state.y0) / (Math.SQRT2 * state.a);
+  if (Math.abs(y) > 1 + 8 * Number.EPSILON)
+    return null;
+  const normalizedX = x / (2 * Math.SQRT2 * state.a);
+  const ellipse = normalizedX * normalizedX + y * y;
+  if (!state.over && ellipse > 1 + 8 * Number.EPSILON)
+    return null;
+  let v = 2 * Math.acos(Math.min(1, Math.abs(y)));
+  let sinHalf = Math.sin(v / 2);
+  if (!state.over && Math.abs(ellipse - 1) <= 8 * Number.EPSILON) {
+    sinHalf = Math.min(1, Math.abs(normalizedX));
+    v = 2 * Math.asin(sinHalf);
   }
-  var lat = Math.asin(arg);
+  if (sinHalf === 0 && Math.abs(x) > 8 * Number.EPSILON * state.a)
+    return null;
+  const longitude = sinHalf === 0 ? 0 : Math.PI * normalizedX / sinHalf;
+  var lon = adjust_lon_default(state.long0 + longitude, state.over);
+  var lat = Math.sign(y) * (Math.PI / 2 - 2 * Math.asin(Math.sqrt(sineComplement(v) / (2 * Math.PI))));
   p.x = lon;
   p.y = lat;
   return p;
@@ -5866,6 +7407,12 @@ function createState23(base, options = {}) {
   initialize23(state);
   return state;
 }
+function sineComplement(v) {
+  if (v > 0.5)
+    return v - Math.sin(v);
+  const squared = v * v;
+  return v * squared * (1 / 6 + squared * (-1 / 120 + squared * (1 / 5040 + squared * (-1 / 362880 + squared * (1 / 39916800 + squared * (-1 / 6227020800 + squared / 1307674368e3))))));
+}
 
 // dist/projection/experimental/projections/moll.js
 var mollweide = {
@@ -6349,127 +7896,58 @@ var obliqueMercator = {
 };
 
 // dist/projection/experimental/kernels/ortho.js
-function initialize26(state) {
-  state.sin_p14 = Math.sin(state.lat0 || 0);
-  state.cos_p14 = Math.cos(state.lat0 || 0);
-}
-function forward26(state, p) {
-  var sinphi, cosphi;
-  var dlon;
-  var coslon;
-  var ksp;
-  var g, x, y;
-  var lon = p.x;
-  var lat = p.y;
-  dlon = adjust_lon_default(lon - (state.long0 || 0), state.over);
-  sinphi = Math.sin(lat);
-  cosphi = Math.cos(lat);
-  coslon = Math.cos(dlon);
-  g = state.sin_p14 * sinphi + state.cos_p14 * cosphi * coslon;
-  ksp = 1;
-  if (g > 0 || Math.abs(g) <= EPSLN) {
-    x = (state.x0 || 0) + state.a * ksp * cosphi * Math.sin(dlon);
-    y = (state.y0 || 0) + state.a * ksp * (state.cos_p14 * sinphi - state.sin_p14 * cosphi * coslon);
-  }
-  p.x = x;
-  p.y = y;
+function createState26(base) {
+  const sin0 = Math.sin(base.lat0);
+  const cos0 = Math.cos(base.lat0);
+  const nu0 = 1 / Math.sqrt(1 - base.es * sin0 * sin0);
+  return { ...base, sin0, cos0, originY: -base.es * nu0 * sin0 * cos0 };
+}
+function forward26(s, p) {
+  const longitude = adjust_lon_default(p.x - s.long0, s.over);
+  const sin = Math.sin(p.y);
+  const cos = Math.cos(p.y);
+  const nu = 1 / Math.sqrt(1 - s.es * sin * sin);
+  p.x = s.x0 + s.a * s.k0 * nu * cos * Math.sin(longitude);
+  p.y = s.y0 + s.a * s.k0 * (nu * ((1 - s.es) * sin * s.cos0 - cos * Math.cos(longitude) * s.sin0) - s.originY);
   return p;
 }
-function inverse26(state, p) {
-  var rh;
-  var z;
-  var sinz, cosz;
-  var con;
-  var lon, lat;
-  var long0, lat0;
-  p.x -= state.x0 || 0;
-  p.y -= state.y0 || 0;
-  rh = Math.sqrt(p.x * p.x + p.y * p.y);
-  if (rh > state.a * (1 + 1e-14))
-    throw new Error("Coordinate is outside the orthographic disk");
-  z = asinz_default(rh / state.a);
-  sinz = Math.sin(z);
-  cosz = Math.cos(z);
-  long0 = state.long0 || 0;
-  lat0 = state.lat0 || 0;
-  lon = long0;
-  if (Math.abs(rh) <= EPSLN) {
-    lat = lat0;
-    p.x = lon;
-    p.y = lat;
-    return p;
-  }
-  lat = asinz_default(cosz * state.sin_p14 + p.y * sinz * state.cos_p14 / rh);
-  con = Math.abs(lat0) - HALF_PI;
-  if (Math.abs(con) <= EPSLN) {
-    if (lat0 >= 0) {
-      lon = adjust_lon_default(long0 + Math.atan2(p.x, -p.y), state.over);
-    } else {
-      lon = adjust_lon_default(long0 - Math.atan2(-p.x, p.y), state.over);
-    }
-    p.x = lon;
-    p.y = lat;
-    return p;
-  }
-  lon = adjust_lon_default(long0 + Math.atan2(p.x * sinz, rh * state.cos_p14 * cosz - p.y * state.sin_p14 * sinz), state.over);
-  p.x = lon;
-  p.y = lat;
+function inverse26(s, p) {
+  const x = (p.x - s.x0) / (s.a * s.k0);
+  const y = (p.y - s.y0) / (s.a * s.k0) + s.originY;
+  const q = 1 - s.es;
+  const a = s.cos0 * s.cos0 + s.sin0 * s.sin0 / q;
+  const b = y * s.sin0 * s.cos0 * s.es / q;
+  const c = x * x + y * y * (s.sin0 * s.sin0 + s.cos0 * s.cos0 / q) - 1;
+  const discriminant = b * b - a * c;
+  if (discriminant < -32 * Number.EPSILON * a) {
+    throw new Error("Coordinate is outside the orthographic ellipse");
+  }
+  const t = (-b + Math.sqrt(Math.max(0, discriminant))) / a;
+  const radial = t * s.cos0 - y * s.sin0;
+  const z = t * s.sin0 + y * s.cos0;
+  p.x = adjust_lon_default(s.long0 + Math.atan2(x, radial), s.over);
+  p.y = Math.atan2(z, q * Math.hypot(radial, x));
   return p;
 }
-function createState26(base, options = {}) {
-  const state = { ...base, sin_p14: 0, cos_p14: 0, ...options };
-  initialize26(state);
-  return state;
-}
 
 // dist/projection/experimental/projections/ortho.js
 var orthographic = {
   name: "ortho",
   aliases: [],
-  parameters: ["lon_0", "x_0", "y_0", "lat_0"],
+  parameters: ["lon_0", "x_0", "y_0", "lat_0", "k", "k_0"],
   create(context) {
     const base = catalogueParameters(context);
     const state = createState26(base);
-    return withAngularRenderingProfile(bindCatalogueKernel("ortho", context, state, forward26, inverse26, horizonGuard(base, 0, true)), base, Math.PI / 2, (region, domain) => sphericalAzimuthalBounds(catalogueBoundsParameters(base, context), region, domain, "ortho"), Math.PI / 2);
+    return withAngularRenderingProfile(bindCatalogueKernel("ortho", context, state, forward26, inverse26, horizonGuard(base, 0, true)), base, Math.PI / 2, (region, domain) => orthographicBounds(catalogueBoundsParameters(base, context), region, domain), Math.PI / 2);
   }
 };
 
-// dist/projection/experimental/common/e0fn.js
-function e0fn_default(x) {
-  return 1 - 0.25 * x * (1 + x / 16 * (3 + 1.25 * x));
-}
-
-// dist/projection/experimental/common/e1fn.js
-function e1fn_default(x) {
-  return 0.375 * x * (1 + 0.25 * x * (1 + 0.46875 * x));
-}
-
-// dist/projection/experimental/common/e2fn.js
-function e2fn_default(x) {
-  return 0.05859375 * x * x * (1 + 0.75 * x);
-}
-
-// dist/projection/experimental/common/e3fn.js
-function e3fn_default(x) {
-  return x * x * x * (35 / 3072);
-}
-
-// dist/projection/experimental/common/mlfn.js
-function mlfn_default(e0, e1, e2, e3, phi) {
-  return e0 * phi - e1 * Math.sin(2 * phi) + e2 * Math.sin(4 * phi) - e3 * Math.sin(6 * phi);
-}
-
 // dist/projection/experimental/kernels/poly.js
 var MAX_ITER4 = 20;
-function initialize27(state) {
-  state.temp = state.b / state.a;
-  state.es = 1 - Math.pow(state.temp, 2);
-  state.e = Math.sqrt(state.es);
-  state.e0 = e0fn_default(state.es);
-  state.e1 = e1fn_default(state.es);
-  state.e2 = e2fn_default(state.es);
-  state.e3 = e3fn_default(state.es);
-  state.ml0 = state.a * mlfn_default(state.e0, state.e1, state.e2, state.e3, state.lat0);
+function initialize26(state) {
+  state.meridianPole = meridianDistance(state.a, state.es, 0, Math.PI / 2);
+  state.poleRadius = state.a / Math.sqrt(1 - state.es);
+  state.ml0 = meridianDistance(state.a, state.es, 0, state.lat0);
 }
 function forward27(state, p) {
   var lon = p.x;
@@ -6478,21 +7956,21 @@ function forward27(state, p) {
   var dlon = adjust_lon_default(lon - state.long0, state.over);
   el = dlon * Math.sin(lat);
   if (state.sphere) {
-    if (Math.abs(lat) <= EPSLN) {
+    if (lat === 0) {
       x = state.a * dlon;
       y = -1 * state.a * state.lat0;
     } else {
       x = state.a * Math.sin(el) / Math.tan(lat);
-      y = state.a * (adjust_lat_default(lat - state.lat0) + (1 - Math.cos(el)) / Math.tan(lat));
+      y = state.a * (lat - state.lat0 + 2 * Math.sin(el / 2) ** 2 / Math.tan(lat));
     }
   } else {
-    if (Math.abs(lat) <= EPSLN) {
+    if (lat === 0) {
       x = state.a * dlon;
       y = -1 * state.ml0;
     } else {
       var nl = gN_default(state.a, state.e, Math.sin(lat)) / Math.tan(lat);
       x = nl * Math.sin(el);
-      y = state.a * mlfn_default(state.e0, state.e1, state.e2, state.e3, lat) - state.ml0 + nl * (1 - Math.cos(el));
+      y = meridianDistance(state.a, state.es, state.lat0, lat) + nl * (2 * Math.sin(el / 2) ** 2);
     }
   }
   p.x = x + state.x0;
@@ -6505,6 +7983,16 @@ function inverse27(state, p) {
   var phi, dphi;
   x = p.x - state.x0;
   y = p.y - state.y0;
+  const meridian = y + (state.sphere ? state.a * state.lat0 : state.ml0);
+  const sign = meridian < 0 ? -1 : 1;
+  const pole = state.sphere ? state.a * Math.PI / 2 : state.meridianPole;
+  const poleOffset = pole - sign * meridian;
+  const radius2 = Math.hypot(x, poleOffset);
+  if (radius2 / state.a < 1e-6) {
+    p.x = adjust_lon_default(state.long0 + Math.atan2(x, poleOffset), state.over);
+    p.y = sign * (Math.PI / 2 - radius2 / state.poleRadius);
+    return p;
+  }
   if (state.sphere) {
     if (Math.abs(y + state.a * state.lat0) <= EPSLN) {
       lon = adjust_lon_default(x / state.a + state.long0, state.over);
@@ -6518,11 +8006,15 @@ function inverse27(state, p) {
         tanphi = Math.tan(phi);
         dphi = -1 * (al * (phi * tanphi + 1) - phi - 0.5 * (phi * phi + bl) * tanphi) / ((phi - al) / tanphi - 1);
         phi += dphi;
-        if (Math.abs(dphi) <= EPSLN) {
+        if (Math.abs(dphi) <= 1e-14) {
           lat = phi;
           break;
         }
       }
+      lat = refineInverseLatitude(state, lat === void 0 ? phi : lat, x, y);
+      if (lat === void 0)
+        return null;
+      phi = lat;
       lon = adjust_lon_default(state.long0 + Math.asin(x * Math.tan(phi) / state.a) / Math.sin(lat), state.over);
     }
   } else {
@@ -6538,16 +8030,20 @@ function inverse27(state, p) {
       for (i = MAX_ITER4; i; --i) {
         con = state.e * Math.sin(phi);
         cl = Math.sqrt(1 - con * con) * Math.tan(phi);
-        mln = state.a * mlfn_default(state.e0, state.e1, state.e2, state.e3, phi);
-        mlnp = state.e0 - 2 * state.e1 * Math.cos(2 * phi) + 4 * state.e2 * Math.cos(4 * phi) - 6 * state.e3 * Math.cos(6 * phi);
+        mln = meridianDistance(state.a, state.es, 0, phi);
+        mlnp = (1 - state.es) / Math.pow(1 - con * con, 1.5);
         ma = mln / state.a;
         dphi = (al * (cl * ma + 1) - ma - 0.5 * cl * (ma * ma + bl)) / (state.es * Math.sin(2 * phi) * (ma * ma + bl - 2 * al * ma) / (4 * cl) + (al - ma) * (cl * mlnp - 2 / Math.sin(2 * phi)) - mlnp);
         phi -= dphi;
-        if (Math.abs(dphi) <= EPSLN) {
+        if (Math.abs(dphi) <= 1e-14) {
           lat = phi;
           break;
         }
       }
+      lat = refineInverseLatitude(state, lat === void 0 ? phi : lat, x, y);
+      if (lat === void 0)
+        return null;
+      phi = lat;
       cl = Math.sqrt(1 - state.es * Math.pow(Math.sin(lat), 2)) * Math.tan(lat);
       lon = adjust_lon_default(state.long0 + Math.asin(x * cl / state.a) / Math.sin(lat), state.over);
     }
@@ -6557,10 +8053,43 @@ function inverse27(state, p) {
   return p;
 }
 function createState27(base, options = {}) {
-  const state = { ...base, temp: 0, e0: 0, e1: 0, e2: 0, e3: 0, ml0: 0, ...options };
-  initialize27(state);
+  const state = {
+    ...base,
+    ml0: 0,
+    meridianPole: 0,
+    poleRadius: 0,
+    ...options
+  };
+  initialize26(state);
   return state;
 }
+function refineInverseLatitude(state, latitude, x, y) {
+  for (let i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
+    if (!Number.isFinite(latitude) || Math.abs(latitude) >= Math.PI / 2)
+      return void 0;
+    const sin = Math.sin(latitude), cos = Math.cos(latitude);
+    const denominator = 1 - state.es * sin * sin;
+    const normal = state.sphere ? state.a : gN_default(state.a, state.e, sin);
+    const radius2 = normal / Math.tan(latitude);
+    const arc = Math.asin(x / radius2);
+    const easting = radius2 * Math.sin(arc);
+    const oneMinusCos = 2 * Math.sin(arc / 2) ** 2;
+    const meridian = state.sphere ? state.a * (latitude - state.lat0) : meridianDistance(state.a, state.es, state.lat0, latitude);
+    const correction = radius2 * oneMinusCos;
+    const northing = meridian + correction;
+    const error = northing - y;
+    if (Math.abs(easting - x) <= 64 * Number.EPSILON * Math.max(state.a, Math.abs(x)) && Math.abs(error) <= 64 * Number.EPSILON * Math.max(Math.abs(y), Math.abs(meridian), Math.abs(correction), state.a * Math.max(Math.abs(latitude), Math.abs(state.lat0))))
+      return latitude;
+    const meridianDerivative = state.sphere ? state.a : state.a * (1 - state.es) / Math.pow(denominator, 1.5);
+    const radiusDerivative = normal * ((state.sphere ? 0 : state.es * cos * cos / denominator) - 1 / (sin * sin));
+    const derivative = meridianDerivative + radiusDerivative * (-oneMinusCos / Math.cos(arc));
+    const step = error / derivative;
+    if (!Number.isFinite(step) || Math.abs(step) > 1e-6)
+      return void 0;
+    latitude -= step;
+  }
+  return void 0;
+}
 
 // dist/projection/experimental/projections/poly.js
 var polyconic = {
@@ -6590,7 +8119,7 @@ var AREA_ENUM = {
   AREA_2: 3,
   AREA_3: 4
 };
-function initialize28(state) {
+function initialize27(state) {
   state.x0 = state.x0 || 0;
   state.y0 = state.y0 || 0;
   state.lat0 = state.lat0 || 0;
@@ -6632,7 +8161,7 @@ function forward28(state, p) {
       theta = lon - HALF_PI;
     } else if (lon > HALF_PI + FORTPI || lon <= -(HALF_PI + FORTPI)) {
       area = AREA_ENUM.AREA_1;
-      theta = lon > 0 ? lon - SPI : lon + SPI;
+      theta = lon > 0 ? lon - Math.PI : lon + Math.PI;
     } else if (lon > -(HALF_PI + FORTPI) && lon <= -FORTPI) {
       area = AREA_ENUM.AREA_2;
       theta = lon + HALF_PI;
@@ -6653,7 +8182,7 @@ function forward28(state, p) {
       theta = -lon - HALF_PI;
     } else {
       area = AREA_ENUM.AREA_3;
-      theta = lon > 0 ? -lon + SPI : -lon - SPI;
+      theta = lon > 0 ? -lon + Math.PI : -lon - Math.PI;
     }
   } else {
     var q, r, s;
@@ -6662,7 +8191,7 @@ function forward28(state, p) {
     if (state.face === FACE_ENUM.RIGHT) {
       lon = qsc_shift_lon_origin(lon, +HALF_PI);
     } else if (state.face === FACE_ENUM.BACK) {
-      lon = qsc_shift_lon_origin(lon, +SPI);
+      lon = qsc_shift_lon_origin(lon, +Math.PI);
     } else if (state.face === FACE_ENUM.LEFT) {
       lon = qsc_shift_lon_origin(lon, -HALF_PI);
     }
@@ -6674,16 +8203,16 @@ function forward28(state, p) {
     r = coslat * sinlon;
     s = sinlat;
     if (state.face === FACE_ENUM.FRONT) {
-      phi = Math.acos(q);
+      phi = Math.atan2(Math.hypot(r, s), q);
       theta = qsc_fwd_equat_face_theta(phi, s, r);
     } else if (state.face === FACE_ENUM.RIGHT) {
-      phi = Math.acos(r);
+      phi = Math.atan2(Math.hypot(q, s), r);
       theta = qsc_fwd_equat_face_theta(phi, s, -q);
     } else if (state.face === FACE_ENUM.BACK) {
-      phi = Math.acos(-q);
+      phi = Math.atan2(Math.hypot(r, s), -q);
       theta = qsc_fwd_equat_face_theta(phi, s, -r);
     } else if (state.face === FACE_ENUM.LEFT) {
-      phi = Math.acos(-r);
+      phi = Math.atan2(Math.hypot(q, s), -r);
       theta = qsc_fwd_equat_face_theta(phi, s, q);
     } else {
       phi = theta = 0;
@@ -6695,20 +8224,20 @@ function forward28(state, p) {
       theta -= HALF_PI;
     } else if (theta > HALF_PI + FORTPI || theta <= -(HALF_PI + FORTPI)) {
       area = AREA_ENUM.AREA_2;
-      theta = theta >= 0 ? theta - SPI : theta + SPI;
+      theta = theta >= 0 ? theta - Math.PI : theta + Math.PI;
     } else {
       area = AREA_ENUM.AREA_3;
       theta += HALF_PI;
     }
   }
-  mu = Math.atan(12 / SPI * (theta + Math.acos(Math.sin(theta) * Math.cos(FORTPI)) - HALF_PI));
-  t = Math.sqrt((1 - Math.cos(phi)) / (Math.cos(mu) * Math.cos(mu)) / (1 - Math.cos(Math.atan(1 / Math.cos(theta)))));
+  mu = Math.atan(12 / Math.PI * (theta + Math.acos(Math.sin(theta) * Math.cos(FORTPI)) - HALF_PI));
+  t = Math.sqrt(2 * Math.sin(phi / 2) ** 2 / (Math.cos(mu) * Math.cos(mu)) / (1 - Math.cos(Math.atan(1 / Math.cos(theta)))));
   if (area === AREA_ENUM.AREA_1) {
     mu += HALF_PI;
   } else if (area === AREA_ENUM.AREA_2) {
-    mu += SPI;
+    mu += Math.PI;
   } else if (area === AREA_ENUM.AREA_3) {
-    mu += 1.5 * SPI;
+    mu += 1.5 * Math.PI;
   }
   xy.x = t * Math.cos(mu);
   xy.y = t * Math.sin(mu);
@@ -6718,13 +8247,12 @@ function forward28(state, p) {
 }
 function inverse28(state, p) {
   var lam = 0, latitude = 0;
-  var mu, nu, cosmu, tannu;
+  var mu, cosmu, tannu;
   var tantheta, theta, cosphi, phi;
   var t;
   var area = 0;
   p.x = (p.x - state.x0) / state.a;
   p.y = (p.y - state.y0) / state.a;
-  nu = Math.atan(Math.sqrt(p.x * p.x + p.y * p.y));
   mu = Math.atan2(p.y, p.x);
   if (p.x >= 0 && p.x >= Math.abs(p.y)) {
     area = AREA_ENUM.AREA_0;
@@ -6733,36 +8261,37 @@ function inverse28(state, p) {
     mu -= HALF_PI;
   } else if (p.x < 0 && -p.x >= Math.abs(p.y)) {
     area = AREA_ENUM.AREA_2;
-    mu = mu < 0 ? mu + SPI : mu - SPI;
+    mu = mu < 0 ? mu + Math.PI : mu - Math.PI;
   } else {
     area = AREA_ENUM.AREA_3;
     mu += HALF_PI;
   }
-  t = SPI / 12 * Math.tan(mu);
+  t = Math.PI / 12 * Math.tan(mu);
   tantheta = Math.sin(t) / (Math.cos(t) - 1 / Math.sqrt(2));
   theta = Math.atan(tantheta);
   cosmu = Math.cos(mu);
-  tannu = Math.tan(nu);
-  cosphi = 1 - cosmu * cosmu * tannu * tannu * (1 - Math.cos(Math.atan(1 / Math.cos(theta))));
+  tannu = Math.hypot(p.x, p.y);
+  const oneMinusCosPhi = cosmu * cosmu * tannu * tannu * (1 - Math.cos(Math.atan(1 / Math.cos(theta))));
+  cosphi = 1 - oneMinusCosPhi;
   if (cosphi < -1) {
     cosphi = -1;
   } else if (cosphi > 1) {
     cosphi = 1;
   }
   if (state.face === FACE_ENUM.TOP) {
-    phi = Math.acos(cosphi);
+    phi = 2 * Math.asin(Math.sqrt(Math.min(1, oneMinusCosPhi / 2)));
     latitude = HALF_PI - phi;
     if (area === AREA_ENUM.AREA_0) {
       lam = theta + HALF_PI;
     } else if (area === AREA_ENUM.AREA_1) {
-      lam = theta < 0 ? theta + SPI : theta - SPI;
+      lam = theta < 0 ? theta + Math.PI : theta - Math.PI;
     } else if (area === AREA_ENUM.AREA_2) {
       lam = theta - HALF_PI;
     } else {
       lam = theta;
     }
   } else if (state.face === FACE_ENUM.BOTTOM) {
-    phi = Math.acos(cosphi);
+    phi = 2 * Math.asin(Math.sqrt(Math.min(1, oneMinusCosPhi / 2)));
     latitude = phi - HALF_PI;
     if (area === AREA_ENUM.AREA_0) {
       lam = -theta + HALF_PI;
@@ -6771,23 +8300,14 @@ function inverse28(state, p) {
     } else if (area === AREA_ENUM.AREA_2) {
       lam = -theta - HALF_PI;
     } else {
-      lam = theta < 0 ? -theta - SPI : -theta + SPI;
+      lam = theta < 0 ? -theta - Math.PI : -theta + Math.PI;
     }
   } else {
     var q, r, s;
     q = cosphi;
-    t = q * q;
-    if (t >= 1) {
-      s = 0;
-    } else {
-      s = Math.sqrt(1 - t) * Math.sin(theta);
-    }
-    t += s * s;
-    if (t >= 1) {
-      r = 0;
-    } else {
-      r = Math.sqrt(1 - t);
-    }
+    const sinphi = Math.sqrt(Math.max(0, oneMinusCosPhi * (2 - oneMinusCosPhi)));
+    s = sinphi * Math.sin(theta);
+    r = sinphi * Math.cos(theta);
     if (area === AREA_ENUM.AREA_1) {
       t = r;
       r = -s;
@@ -6812,26 +8332,18 @@ function inverse28(state, p) {
       q = r;
       r = -t;
     }
-    latitude = Math.acos(-s) - HALF_PI;
+    latitude = Math.atan2(s, Math.hypot(q, r));
     lam = Math.atan2(r, q);
     if (state.face === FACE_ENUM.RIGHT) {
       lam = qsc_shift_lon_origin(lam, -HALF_PI);
     } else if (state.face === FACE_ENUM.BACK) {
-      lam = qsc_shift_lon_origin(lam, -SPI);
+      lam = qsc_shift_lon_origin(lam, -Math.PI);
     } else if (state.face === FACE_ENUM.LEFT) {
       lam = qsc_shift_lon_origin(lam, +HALF_PI);
     }
   }
   if (state.es !== 0) {
-    var invert_sign;
-    var tanphi, xa;
-    invert_sign = latitude < 0 ? 1 : 0;
-    tanphi = Math.tan(latitude);
-    xa = state.b / Math.sqrt(tanphi * tanphi + state.one_minus_f_squared);
-    latitude = Math.atan(Math.sqrt(state.a * state.a - xa * xa) / (state.one_minus_f * xa));
-    if (invert_sign) {
-      latitude = -latitude;
-    }
+    latitude = Math.atan2(Math.sin(latitude), state.one_minus_f_squared * Math.cos(latitude));
   }
   lam += state.long0;
   p.x = lam;
@@ -6839,20 +8351,20 @@ function inverse28(state, p) {
   return p;
 }
 function qsc_fwd_equat_face_theta(phi, y, x) {
-  return phi < EPSLN ? 0 : Math.atan2(y, x);
+  return phi === 0 ? 0 : Math.atan2(y, x);
 }
 function qsc_shift_lon_origin(lon, offset) {
   var slon = lon + offset;
-  if (slon < -SPI) {
+  if (slon < -Math.PI) {
     slon += TWO_PI;
-  } else if (slon > +SPI) {
+  } else if (slon > +Math.PI) {
     slon -= TWO_PI;
   }
   return slon;
 }
 function createState28(base, options = {}) {
   const state = { ...base, face: 0, one_minus_f: 0, one_minus_f_squared: 0, ...options };
-  initialize28(state);
+  initialize27(state);
   return state;
 }
 
@@ -6971,7 +8483,7 @@ function newton_rapshon(coefs, target, start, max_err, iters) {
   }
   return x;
 }
-function initialize29(state) {
+function initialize28(state) {
   state.x0 = state.x0 || 0;
   state.y0 = state.y0 || 0;
   state.long0 = state.long0 || 0;
@@ -7044,7 +8556,7 @@ function createState29(base, options = {}) {
     ...base,
     ...options
   };
-  initialize29(state);
+  initialize28(state);
   return state;
 }
 
@@ -7075,7 +8587,7 @@ var sinusoidal = {
 };
 
 // dist/projection/experimental/kernels/somerc.js
-function initialize30(state) {
+function initialize29(state) {
   if (!state.k0) {
     state.k0 = 1;
   }
@@ -7097,44 +8609,37 @@ function initialize30(state) {
   state.K = k1 - state.alpha * k2 + state.alpha * e / 2 * k3;
 }
 function forward30(state, p) {
-  var Sa1 = Math.log(Math.tan(Math.PI / 4 - p.y / 2));
-  var Sa2 = state.e / 2 * Math.log((1 + state.e * Math.sin(p.y)) / (1 - state.e * Math.sin(p.y)));
-  var S = -state.alpha * (Sa1 + Sa2) + state.K;
-  var b = 2 * (Math.atan(Math.exp(S)) - Math.PI / 4);
-  var I = state.alpha * (p.x - state.lambda0);
-  var rotI = Math.atan(Math.sin(I) / (Math.sin(state.b0) * Math.tan(b) + Math.cos(state.b0) * Math.cos(I)));
-  var rotB = Math.asin(Math.cos(state.b0) * Math.sin(b) - Math.sin(state.b0) * Math.cos(b) * Math.cos(I));
-  p.y = state.R / 2 * Math.log((1 + Math.sin(rotB)) / (1 - Math.sin(rotB))) + state.y0;
-  p.x = state.R * rotI + state.x0;
+  const sp = state.e * Math.sin(p.y);
+  const latitude = 2 * Math.atan(Math.exp(state.alpha * (Math.log(Math.tan(Math.PI / 4 + p.y / 2)) - state.e / 2 * Math.log((1 + sp) / (1 - sp))) + state.K)) - Math.PI / 2;
+  const longitude = state.alpha * (p.x - state.lambda0);
+  const cos = Math.cos(latitude);
+  const rotatedLatitude = Math.asin(Math.cos(state.b0) * Math.sin(latitude) - Math.sin(state.b0) * cos * Math.cos(longitude));
+  const rotatedLongitude = Math.asin(cos * Math.sin(longitude) / Math.cos(rotatedLatitude));
+  p.x = state.x0 + state.R * rotatedLongitude;
+  p.y = state.y0 + state.R * Math.log(Math.tan(Math.PI / 4 + rotatedLatitude / 2));
   return p;
 }
 function inverse30(state, p) {
-  var Y = p.x - state.x0;
-  var X = p.y - state.y0;
-  var rotI = Y / state.R;
-  var rotB = 2 * (Math.atan(Math.exp(X / state.R)) - Math.PI / 4);
-  var b = Math.asin(Math.cos(state.b0) * Math.sin(rotB) + Math.sin(state.b0) * Math.cos(rotB) * Math.cos(rotI));
-  var I = Math.atan(Math.sin(rotI) / (Math.cos(state.b0) * Math.cos(rotI) - Math.sin(state.b0) * Math.tan(rotB)));
-  var lambda = state.lambda0 + I / state.alpha;
-  var S = 0;
-  var phy = b;
-  var prevPhy = -1e3;
-  var iteration = 0;
-  while (Math.abs(phy - prevPhy) > 1e-7) {
-    if (++iteration > 20) {
-      return void 0;
+  const longitude = (p.x - state.x0) / state.R;
+  const latitude = 2 * (Math.atan(Math.exp((p.y - state.y0) / state.R)) - Math.PI / 4);
+  let phi = Math.asin(Math.cos(state.b0) * Math.sin(latitude) + Math.sin(state.b0) * Math.cos(latitude) * Math.cos(longitude));
+  const lambda = Math.asin(Math.cos(latitude) * Math.sin(longitude) / Math.cos(phi));
+  const con = (state.K - Math.log(Math.tan(Math.PI / 4 + phi / 2))) / state.alpha;
+  for (let iteration = 0; iteration < 6; iteration++) {
+    const esp = state.e * Math.sin(phi);
+    const step = (con + Math.log(Math.tan(Math.PI / 4 + phi / 2)) - state.e / 2 * Math.log((1 + esp) / (1 - esp))) * (1 - esp * esp) * Math.cos(phi) / (1 - state.es);
+    phi -= step;
+    if (Math.abs(step) < 1e-10) {
+      p.x = state.lambda0 + lambda / state.alpha;
+      p.y = phi;
+      return p;
     }
-    S = 1 / state.alpha * (Math.log(Math.tan(Math.PI / 4 + b / 2)) - state.K) + state.e * Math.log(Math.tan(Math.PI / 4 + Math.asin(state.e * Math.sin(phy)) / 2));
-    prevPhy = phy;
-    phy = 2 * Math.atan(Math.exp(S)) - Math.PI / 2;
   }
-  p.x = lambda;
-  p.y = phy;
-  return p;
+  return null;
 }
 function createState30(base, options = {}) {
   const state = { ...base, lambda0: 0, rf: 0, R: 0, alpha: 0, b0: 0, K: 0, ...options };
-  initialize30(state);
+  initialize29(state);
   return state;
 }
 
@@ -7158,7 +8663,7 @@ var mode = {
   EQUIT: 2,
   OBLIQ: 3
 };
-function initialize31(state) {
+function initialize30(state) {
   if (Math.abs(Math.abs(state.lat0) - HALF_PI) < EPSLN) {
     state.mode = state.lat0 < 0 ? mode.S_POLE : mode.N_POLE;
   } else if (Math.abs(state.lat0) < EPSLN) {
@@ -7293,7 +8798,7 @@ function createState31(base, options = {}) {
     sw: 0,
     ...options
   };
-  initialize31(state);
+  initialize30(state);
   return state;
 }
 
@@ -7320,7 +8825,7 @@ var tiltedPerspective = {
 };
 
 // dist/projection/experimental/kernels/vandg.js
-function initialize32(state) {
+function initialize31(state) {
   state.R = state.a;
 }
 function forward32(state, p) {
@@ -7422,7 +8927,7 @@ function inverse32(state, p) {
 }
 function createState32(base, options = {}) {
   const state = { ...base, R: 0, ...options };
-  initialize32(state);
+  initialize31(state);
   return state;
 }
 
@@ -7577,12 +9082,12 @@ function obliqueTransformation(wrapped) {
         return {
           get bounds() {
             const bounds = child2.bounds;
-            const degrees = (corner) => [
+            const degrees2 = (corner) => [
               corner[0] * 180 / Math.PI,
               corner[1] * 180 / Math.PI,
               corner[2]
             ];
-            return geographic ? [degrees(bounds[0]), degrees(bounds[1])] : bounds;
+            return geographic ? [degrees2(bounds[0]), degrees2(bounds[1])] : bounds;
           },
           normalize(point) {
             source == null ? void 0 : source.normalize(point);
@@ -8548,8 +10053,8 @@ function readAxisDirection(entry, parameters, projected) {
     if (!projected || parameters["proj"] !== "stere" || Math.abs(latitude) !== 90 || key(direction) !== (north ? "south" : "north"))
       unsupportedStage("Axis meridians require an outward-facing polar stereographic axis");
     const longitude = object(meridian)["longitude"];
-    const degrees = typeof longitude === "number" ? finite2(longitude) : finite2(object(longitude)["value"]) * unit(object(longitude)["unit"], DEGREES_TO_RADIANS) / DEGREES_TO_RADIANS;
-    const quarterTurns = finite2((degrees - Number(parameters["lon_0"] || 0)) / 90);
+    const degrees2 = typeof longitude === "number" ? finite2(longitude) : finite2(object(longitude)["value"]) * unit(object(longitude)["unit"], DEGREES_TO_RADIANS) / DEGREES_TO_RADIANS;
+    const quarterTurns = finite2((degrees2 - Number(parameters["lon_0"] || 0)) / 90);
     if (Math.abs(quarterTurns - Math.round(quarterTurns)) > 1e-12)
       unsupportedStage("Non-cardinal axis meridians require an orientation operation");
     const quadrant = (Math.round(quarterTurns) % 4 + 4) % 4;