@lofcz/tikz 0.1.0 → 0.2.0

package/runtime/dist/bundles/tex-plain/files/tex/plain/base/plain.tex

@@ -1,1241 +0,0 @@
-% This is the plain TeX format that's described in The TeXbook.
-% N.B.: A version number is defined at the very end of this file;
-%       please change that number whenever the file is modified!
-% And don't modify the file unless you change its name:
-%       Everybody's "plain.tex" file should be the same, worldwide.
-
-% Unlimited copying and redistribution of this file are permitted as long
-% as this file is not modified. Modifications are permitted, but only if
-% the resulting file is not named plain.tex.
-
-\catcode`\{=1 % left brace is begin-group character
-\catcode`\}=2 % right brace is end-group character
-\catcode`\$=3 % dollar sign is math shift
-\catcode`\&=4 % ampersand is alignment tab
-\catcode`\#=6 % hash mark is macro parameter character
-\catcode`\^=7 \catcode`\^^K=7 % circumflex and uparrow are for superscripts
-\catcode`\_=8 \catcode`\^^A=8 % underline and downarrow are for subscripts
-\catcode`\^^I=10 % ascii tab is a blank space
-\chardef\active=13 \catcode`\~=\active % tilde is active
-\catcode`\^^L=\active \outer\def^^L{\par} % ascii form-feed is "\outer\par"
-
-\message{Preloading the plain format: codes,}
-
-% We had to define the \catcodes right away, before the message line,
-% since \message uses the { and } characters.
-% When INITEX (the TeX initializer) starts up,
-% it has defined the following \catcode values:
-% \catcode`\^^@=9 % ascii null is ignored
-% \catcode`\^^M=5 % ascii return is end-line
-% \catcode`\\=0 % backslash is TeX escape character
-% \catcode`\%=14 % percent sign is comment character
-% \catcode`\ =10 % ascii space is blank space
-% \catcode`\^^?=15 % ascii delete is invalid
-% \catcode`\A=11 ... \catcode`\Z=11 % uppercase letters
-% \catcode`\a=11 ... \catcode`\z=11 % lowercase letters
-% all others are type 12 (other)
-
-% Here is a list of the characters that have been specially catcoded:
-\def\dospecials{\do\ \do\\\do\{\do\}\do\$\do\&%
-  \do\#\do\^\do\^^K\do\_\do\^^A\do\%\do\~}
-% (not counting ascii null, tab, linefeed, formfeed, return, delete)
-% Each symbol in the list is preceded by \do, which can be defined
-% if you want to do something to every item in the list.
-
-% We make @ signs act like letters, temporarily, to avoid conflict
-% between user names and internal control sequences of plain format.
-\catcode`@=11
-
-% INITEX sets up \mathcode x=x, for x=0..255, except that
-% \mathcode x=x+"7100, for x = `A to `Z and `a to `z;
-% \mathcode x=x+"7000, for x = `0 to `9.
-% The following changes define internal codes as recommended
-% in Appendix C of The TeXbook:
-\mathcode`\^^@="2201 % \cdot
-\mathcode`\^^A="3223 % \downarrow
-\mathcode`\^^B="010B % \alpha
-\mathcode`\^^C="010C % \beta
-\mathcode`\^^D="225E % \land
-\mathcode`\^^E="023A % \lnot
-\mathcode`\^^F="3232 % \in
-\mathcode`\^^G="0119 % \pi
-\mathcode`\^^H="0115 % \lambda
-\mathcode`\^^I="010D % \gamma
-\mathcode`\^^J="010E % \delta
-\mathcode`\^^K="3222 % \uparrow
-\mathcode`\^^L="2206 % \pm
-\mathcode`\^^M="2208 % \oplus
-\mathcode`\^^N="0231 % \infty
-\mathcode`\^^O="0140 % \partial
-\mathcode`\^^P="321A % \subset
-\mathcode`\^^Q="321B % \supset
-\mathcode`\^^R="225C % \cap
-\mathcode`\^^S="225B % \cup
-\mathcode`\^^T="0238 % \forall
-\mathcode`\^^U="0239 % \exists
-\mathcode`\^^V="220A % \otimes
-\mathcode`\^^W="3224 % \leftrightarrow
-\mathcode`\^^X="3220 % \leftarrow
-\mathcode`\^^Y="3221 % \rightarrow
-\mathcode`\^^Z="8000 % \ne
-\mathcode`\^^[="2205 % \diamond
-\mathcode`\^^\="3214 % \le
-\mathcode`\^^]="3215 % \ge
-\mathcode`\^^^="3211 % \equiv
-\mathcode`\^^_="225F % \lor
-\mathcode`\ ="8000 % \space
-\mathcode`\!="5021
-\mathcode`\'="8000 % ^\prime
-\mathcode`\(="4028
-\mathcode`\)="5029
-\mathcode`\*="2203 % \ast
-\mathcode`\+="202B
-\mathcode`\,="613B
-\mathcode`\-="2200
-\mathcode`\.="013A
-\mathcode`\/="013D
-\mathcode`\:="303A
-\mathcode`\;="603B
-\mathcode`\<="313C
-\mathcode`\=="303D
-\mathcode`\>="313E
-\mathcode`\?="503F
-\mathcode`\[="405B
-\mathcode`\\="026E % \backslash
-\mathcode`\]="505D
-\mathcode`\_="8000 % \_
-\mathcode`\{="4266
-\mathcode`\|="026A
-\mathcode`\}="5267
-\mathcode`\^^?="1273 % \smallint
-
-% INITEX sets \uccode`x=`X and \uccode `X=`X for all letters x,
-% and \lccode`x=`x, \lccode`X=`x; all other values are zero.
-% No changes to those tables are needed in plain TeX format.
-
-% INITEX sets \sfcode x=1000 for all x, except that \sfcode`X=999
-% for uppercase letters. The following changes are needed:
-\sfcode`\)=0 \sfcode`\'=0 \sfcode`\]=0
-% The \nonfrenchspacing macro will make further changes to \sfcode values.
-
-% Finally, INITEX sets all \delcode values to -1, except \delcode`.=0
-\delcode`\(="028300
-\delcode`\)="029301
-\delcode`\[="05B302
-\delcode`\]="05D303
-\delcode`\<="26830A
-\delcode`\>="26930B
-\delcode`\/="02F30E
-\delcode`\|="26A30C
-\delcode`\\="26E30F
-% N.B. { and } should NOT get delcodes; otherwise parameter grouping fails!
-
-% To make the plain macros more efficient in time and space,
-% several constant values are declared here as control sequences.
-% If they were changed, anything could happen; so they are private symbols.
-\chardef\@ne=1
-\chardef\tw@=2
-\chardef\thr@@=3
-\chardef\sixt@@n=16
-\chardef\@cclv=255
-\mathchardef\@cclvi=256
-\mathchardef\@m=1000
-\mathchardef\@M=10000
-\mathchardef\@MM=20000
-
-% Allocation of registers
-
-% Here are macros for the automatic allocation of \count, \box, \dimen,
-% \skip, \muskip, and \toks registers, as well as \read and \write
-% stream numbers, \fam codes, \language codes, and \insert numbers.
-
-\message{registers,}
-
-% When a register is used only temporarily, it need not be allocated;
-% grouping can be used, making the value previously in the register return
-% after the close of the group.  The main use of these macros is for
-% registers that are defined by one macro and used by others, possibly at
-% different nesting levels.  All such registers should be defined through
-% these macros; otherwise conflicts may occur, especially when two or more
-% macro packages are being used at once.
-
-% The following counters are reserved:
-%   0 to 9  page numbering
-%       10  count allocation
-%       11  dimen allocation
-%       12  skip allocation
-%       13  muskip allocation
-%       14  box allocation
-%       15  toks allocation
-%       16  read file allocation
-%       17  write file allocation
-%       18  math family allocation
-%       19  language allocation
-%       20  insert allocation
-%       21  the most recently allocated number
-%       22  constant -1
-% New counters are allocated starting with 23, 24, etc.  Other registers are
-% allocated starting with 10.  This leaves 0 through 9 for the user to play
-% with safely, except that counts 0 to 9 are considered to be the page and
-% subpage numbers (since they are displayed during output). In this scheme,
-% \count 10 always contains the number of the highest-numbered counter that
-% has been allocated, \count 14 the highest-numbered box, etc.
-% Inserts are given numbers 254, 253, etc., since they require a \count,
-% \dimen, \skip, and \box all with the same number; \count 20 contains the
-% lowest-numbered insert that has been allocated. Of course, \box255 is
-% reserved for \output; \count255, \dimen255, and \skip255 can be used freely.
-
-% It is recommended that macro designers always use
-% \global assignments with respect to registers numbered 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, and
-% always non-\global assignments with respect to registers 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 255.
-% This will prevent ``save stack buildup'' that might otherwise occur.
-
-\count10=22 % allocates \count registers 23, 24, ...
-\count11=9 % allocates \dimen registers 10, 11, ...
-\count12=9 % allocates \skip registers 10, 11, ...
-\count13=9 % allocates \muskip registers 10, 11, ...
-\count14=9 % allocates \box registers 10, 11, ...
-\count15=9 % allocates \toks registers 10, 11, ...
-\count16=-1 % allocates input streams 0, 1, ...
-\count17=-1 % allocates output streams 0, 1, ...
-\count18=3 % allocates math families 4, 5, ...
-\count19=0 % allocates \language codes 1, 2, ...
-\count20=255 % allocates insertions 254, 253, ...
-\countdef\insc@unt=20 % the insertion counter
-\countdef\allocationnumber=21 % the most recent allocation
-\countdef\m@ne=22 \m@ne=-1 % a handy constant
-\def\wlog{\immediate\write\m@ne} % write on log file (only)
-
-% Here are abbreviations for the names of scratch registers
-% that don't need to be allocated.
-
-\countdef\count@=255
-\dimendef\dimen@=0
-\dimendef\dimen@i=1 % global only
-\dimendef\dimen@ii=2
-\skipdef\skip@=0
-\toksdef\toks@=0
-
-% Now, we define \newcount, \newbox, etc. so that you can say \newcount\foo
-% and \foo will be defined (with \countdef) to be the next counter.
-% To find out which counter \foo is, you can look at \allocationnumber.
-% Since there's no \boxdef command, \chardef is used to define a \newbox,
-% \newinsert, \newfam, and so on.
-
-\outer\def\newcount{\alloc@0\count\countdef\insc@unt}
-\outer\def\newdimen{\alloc@1\dimen\dimendef\insc@unt}
-\outer\def\newskip{\alloc@2\skip\skipdef\insc@unt}
-\outer\def\newmuskip{\alloc@3\muskip\muskipdef\@cclv}
-\outer\def\newbox{\alloc@4\box\chardef\insc@unt}
-\let\newtoks=\relax % we do this to allow plain.tex to be read in twice
-\outer\def\newhelp#1#2{\newtoks#1#1\expandafter{\csname#2\endcsname}}
-\outer\def\newtoks{\alloc@5\toks\toksdef\@cclv}
-\outer\def\newread{\alloc@6\read\chardef\sixt@@n}
-\outer\def\newwrite{\alloc@7\write\chardef\sixt@@n}
-\outer\def\newfam{\alloc@8\fam\chardef\sixt@@n}
-\outer\def\newlanguage{\alloc@9\language\chardef\@cclvi}
-\def\alloc@#1#2#3#4#5{\global\advance\count1#1by\@ne
-  \ch@ck#1#4#2% make sure there's still room
-  \allocationnumber=\count1#1%
-  \global#3#5=\allocationnumber
-  \wlog{\string#5=\string#2\the\allocationnumber}}
-\outer\def\newinsert#1{\global\advance\insc@unt by\m@ne
-  \ch@ck0\insc@unt\count
-  \ch@ck1\insc@unt\dimen
-  \ch@ck2\insc@unt\skip
-  \ch@ck4\insc@unt\box
-  \allocationnumber=\insc@unt
-  \global\chardef#1=\allocationnumber
-  \wlog{\string#1=\string\insert\the\allocationnumber}}
-\def\ch@ck#1#2#3{\ifnum\count1#1<#2%
-  \else\errmessage{No room for a new #3}\fi}
-
-% Here are some examples of allocation.
-\newdimen\maxdimen \maxdimen=16383.99999pt % the largest legal <dimen>
-\newskip\hideskip \hideskip=-1000pt plus 1fill % negative but can grow
-\newskip\centering \centering=0pt plus 1000pt minus 1000pt
-\newdimen\p@ \p@=1pt % this saves macro space and time
-\newdimen\z@ \z@=0pt % can be used both for 0pt and 0
-\newskip\z@skip \z@skip=0pt plus0pt minus0pt
-\newbox\voidb@x % permanently void box register
-
-% And here's a different sort of allocation:
-% For example, \newif\iffoo creates \footrue, \foofalse to go with \iffoo.
-\outer\def\newif#1{\count@\escapechar \escapechar\m@ne
-  \expandafter\expandafter\expandafter
-   \def\@if#1{true}{\let#1=\iftrue}%
-  \expandafter\expandafter\expandafter
-   \def\@if#1{false}{\let#1=\iffalse}%
-  \@if#1{false}\escapechar\count@} % the condition starts out false
-\def\@if#1#2{\csname\expandafter\if@\string#1#2\endcsname}
-{\uccode`1=`i \uccode`2=`f \uppercase{\gdef\if@12{}}} % `if' is required
-
-% Assign initial values to TeX's parameters
-
-\message{parameters,}
-
-% All of TeX's numeric parameters are listed here,
-% but the code is commented out if no special value needs to be set.
-% INITEX makes all parameters zero except where noted.
-
-\pretolerance=100
-\tolerance=200 % INITEX sets this to 10000
-\hbadness=1000
-\vbadness=1000
-\linepenalty=10
-\hyphenpenalty=50
-\exhyphenpenalty=50
-\binoppenalty=700
-\relpenalty=500
-\clubpenalty=150
-\widowpenalty=150
-\displaywidowpenalty=50
-\brokenpenalty=100
-\predisplaypenalty=10000
-% \postdisplaypenalty=0
-% \interlinepenalty=0
-% \floatingpenalty=0, set during \insert
-% \outputpenalty=0, set before TeX enters \output
-\doublehyphendemerits=10000
-\finalhyphendemerits=5000
-\adjdemerits=10000
-% \looseness=0, cleared by TeX after each paragraph
-% \pausing=0
-% \holdinginserts=0
-% \tracingonline=0
-% \tracingmacros=0
-% \tracingstats=0
-% \tracingparagraphs=0
-% \tracingpages=0
-% \tracingoutput=0
-\tracinglostchars=1
-% \tracingcommands=0
-% \tracingrestores=0
-% \language=0
-\uchyph=1
-% \lefthyphenmin=2 \righthyphenmin=3 set below
-% \globaldefs=0
-% \maxdeadcycles=25 % INITEX does this
-% \hangafter=1 % INITEX does this, also TeX after each paragraph
-% \fam=0
-% \mag=1000 % INITEX does this
-% \escapechar=`\\ % INITEX does this
-\defaulthyphenchar=`\-
-\defaultskewchar=-1
-% \endlinechar=`\^^M % INITEX does this
-\newlinechar=-1
-\delimiterfactor=901
-% \time=now % TeX does this at beginning of job
-% \day=now % TeX does this at beginning of job
-% \month=now % TeX does this at beginning of job
-% \year=now % TeX does this at beginning of job
-\showboxbreadth=5
-\showboxdepth=3
-\errorcontextlines=5
-
-\hfuzz=0.1pt
-\vfuzz=0.1pt
-\overfullrule=5pt
-\hsize=6.5in
-\vsize=8.9in
-\maxdepth=4pt
-\splitmaxdepth=\maxdimen
-\boxmaxdepth=\maxdimen
-% \lineskiplimit=0pt, changed by \normalbaselines
-\delimitershortfall=5pt
-\nulldelimiterspace=1.2pt
-\scriptspace=0.5pt
-% \mathsurround=0pt
-% \predisplaysize=0pt, set before TeX enters $$
-% \displaywidth=0pt, set before TeX enters $$
-% \displayindent=0pt, set before TeX enters $$
-\parindent=20pt
-% \hangindent=0pt, zeroed by TeX after each paragraph
-% \hoffset=0pt
-% \voffset=0pt
-
-% \baselineskip=0pt, changed by \normalbaselines
-% \lineskip=0pt, changed by \normalbaselines
-\parskip=0pt plus 1pt
-\abovedisplayskip=12pt plus 3pt minus 9pt
-\abovedisplayshortskip=0pt plus 3pt
-\belowdisplayskip=12pt plus 3pt minus 9pt
-\belowdisplayshortskip=7pt plus 3pt minus 4pt
-% \leftskip=0pt
-% \rightskip=0pt
-\topskip=10pt
-\splittopskip=10pt
-% \tabskip=0pt
-% \spaceskip=0pt
-% \xspaceskip=0pt
-\parfillskip=0pt plus 1fil
-
-\thinmuskip=3mu
-\medmuskip=4mu plus 2mu minus 4mu
-\thickmuskip=5mu plus 5mu
-
-% We also define special registers that function like parameters:
-\newskip\smallskipamount \smallskipamount=3pt plus 1pt minus 1pt
-\newskip\medskipamount \medskipamount=6pt plus 2pt minus 2pt
-\newskip\bigskipamount \bigskipamount=12pt plus 4pt minus 4pt
-\newskip\normalbaselineskip \normalbaselineskip=12pt
-\newskip\normallineskip \normallineskip=1pt
-\newdimen\normallineskiplimit \normallineskiplimit=0pt
-\newdimen\jot \jot=3pt
-\newcount\interdisplaylinepenalty \interdisplaylinepenalty=100
-\newcount\interfootnotelinepenalty \interfootnotelinepenalty=100
-
-% Definitions for preloaded fonts
-
-\def\magstephalf{1095 }
-\def\magstep#1{\ifcase#1 \@m\or 1200\or 1440\or 1728\or 2074\or 2488\fi\relax}
-
-% Fonts assigned to \preloaded are not part of "plain TeX",
-% but they are preloaded so that other format packages can use them.
-% For example, if another set of macros says "\font\ninerm=cmr9",
-% TeX will not have to reload the font metric information for cmr9.
-
-\message{fonts,}
-
-\font\tenrm=cmr10 % roman text
-\font\preloaded=cmr9
-\font\preloaded=cmr8
-\font\sevenrm=cmr7
-\font\preloaded=cmr6
-\font\fiverm=cmr5
-
-\font\teni=cmmi10 % math italic
-\font\preloaded=cmmi9
-\font\preloaded=cmmi8
-\font\seveni=cmmi7
-\font\preloaded=cmmi6
-\font\fivei=cmmi5
-
-\font\tensy=cmsy10 % math symbols
-\font\preloaded=cmsy9
-\font\preloaded=cmsy8
-\font\sevensy=cmsy7
-\font\preloaded=cmsy6
-\font\fivesy=cmsy5
-
-\font\tenex=cmex10 % math extension
-
-\font\preloaded=cmss10 % sans serif
-\font\preloaded=cmssq8
-
-\font\preloaded=cmssi10 % sans serif italic
-\font\preloaded=cmssqi8
-
-\font\tenbf=cmbx10 % boldface extended
-\font\preloaded=cmbx9
-\font\preloaded=cmbx8
-\font\sevenbf=cmbx7
-\font\preloaded=cmbx6
-\font\fivebf=cmbx5
-
-\font\tentt=cmtt10 % typewriter
-\font\preloaded=cmtt9
-\font\preloaded=cmtt8
-
-\font\preloaded=cmsltt10 % slanted typewriter
-
-\font\tensl=cmsl10 % slanted roman
-\font\preloaded=cmsl9
-\font\preloaded=cmsl8
-
-\font\tenit=cmti10 % text italic
-\font\preloaded=cmti9
-\font\preloaded=cmti8
-\font\preloaded=cmti7
-
-\message{more fonts,}
-\font\preloaded=cmu10 % unslanted text italic
-
-\font\preloaded=cmmib10 % bold math italic
-\font\preloaded=cmbsy10 % bold math symbols
-
-\font\preloaded=cmcsc10 % caps and small caps
-
-\font\preloaded=cmssbx10 % sans serif bold extended
-
-\font\preloaded=cmdunh10 % Dunhill style
-
-\font\preloaded=cmr7 scaled \magstep4 % for titles
-\font\preloaded=cmtt10 scaled \magstep2
-\font\preloaded=cmssbx10 scaled \magstep2
-
-\font\preloaded=manfnt % METAFONT logo and dragon curve and special symbols
-
-% Additional \preloaded fonts can be specified here.
-% (And those that were \preloaded above can be eliminated.)
-
-\let\preloaded=\undefined % preloaded fonts must be declared anew later.
-
-\skewchar\teni='177 \skewchar\seveni='177 \skewchar\fivei='177
-\skewchar\tensy='60 \skewchar\sevensy='60 \skewchar\fivesy='60
-
-\textfont0=\tenrm \scriptfont0=\sevenrm \scriptscriptfont0=\fiverm
-\def\rm{\fam\z@\tenrm}
-\textfont1=\teni \scriptfont1=\seveni \scriptscriptfont1=\fivei
-\def\mit{\fam\@ne} \def\oldstyle{\fam\@ne\teni}
-\textfont2=\tensy \scriptfont2=\sevensy \scriptscriptfont2=\fivesy
-\def\cal{\fam\tw@}
-\textfont3=\tenex \scriptfont3=\tenex \scriptscriptfont3=\tenex
-\newfam\itfam \def\it{\fam\itfam\tenit} % \it is family 4
-\textfont\itfam=\tenit
-\newfam\slfam \def\sl{\fam\slfam\tensl} % \sl is family 5
-\textfont\slfam=\tensl
-\newfam\bffam \def\bf{\fam\bffam\tenbf} % \bf is family 6
-\textfont\bffam=\tenbf \scriptfont\bffam=\sevenbf
-\scriptscriptfont\bffam=\fivebf
-\newfam\ttfam \def\tt{\fam\ttfam\tentt} % \tt is family 7
-\textfont\ttfam=\tentt
-
-% Macros for setting ordinary text
-\message{macros,}
-
-\def\frenchspacing{\sfcode`\.\@m \sfcode`\?\@m \sfcode`\!\@m
-  \sfcode`\:\@m \sfcode`\;\@m \sfcode`\,\@m}
-\def\nonfrenchspacing{\sfcode`\.3000\sfcode`\?3000\sfcode`\!3000%
-  \sfcode`\:2000\sfcode`\;1500\sfcode`\,1250 }
-
-\def\normalbaselines{\lineskip\normallineskip
-  \baselineskip\normalbaselineskip \lineskiplimit\normallineskiplimit}
-
-\def\^^M{\ } % control <return> = control <space>
-\def\^^I{\ } % same for <tab>
-
-\def\lq{`} \def\rq{'}
-\def\lbrack{[} \def\rbrack{]}
-
-\let\endgraf=\par \let\endline=\cr
-
-\def\space{ }
-\def\empty{}
-\def\null{\hbox{}}
-
-\let\bgroup={ \let\egroup=}
-
-% In \obeylines, we say `\let^^M=\par' instead of `\def^^M{\par}'
-% since this allows, for example, `\let\par=\cr \obeylines \halign{...'
-{\catcode`\^^M=\active % these lines must end with %
-  \gdef\obeylines{\catcode`\^^M\active \let^^M\par}%
-  \global\let^^M\par} % this is in case ^^M appears in a \write
-\def\obeyspaces{\catcode`\ \active}
-{\obeyspaces\global\let =\space}
-
-\def\loop#1\repeat{\def\body{#1}\iterate}
-\def\iterate{\body \let\next\iterate \else\let\next\relax\fi \next}
-\let\repeat=\fi % this makes \loop...\if...\repeat skippable
-
-\def\thinspace{\kern .16667em }
-\def\negthinspace{\kern-.16667em }
-\def\enspace{\kern.5em }
-
-\def\enskip{\hskip.5em\relax}
-\def\quad{\hskip1em\relax}
-\def\qquad{\hskip2em\relax}
-
-\def\smallskip{\vskip\smallskipamount}
-\def\medskip{\vskip\medskipamount}
-\def\bigskip{\vskip\bigskipamount}
-
-\def\nointerlineskip{\prevdepth-1000\p@}
-\def\offinterlineskip{\baselineskip-1000\p@
-  \lineskip\z@ \lineskiplimit\maxdimen}
-
-\def\topglue{\nointerlineskip\vglue-\topskip\vglue} % for top of page
-\def\vglue{\afterassignment\vgl@\skip@=}
-\def\vgl@{\par \dimen@\prevdepth \hrule height\z@
-  \nobreak\vskip\skip@ \prevdepth\dimen@}
-\def\hglue{\afterassignment\hgl@\skip@=}
-\def\hgl@{\leavevmode \count@\spacefactor \vrule width\z@
-  \nobreak\hskip\skip@ \spacefactor\count@}
-
-\def~{\penalty\@M \ } % tie
-\def\slash{/\penalty\exhyphenpenalty} % a `/' that acts like a `-'
-
-\def\break{\penalty-\@M}
-\def\nobreak{\penalty \@M}
-\def\allowbreak{\penalty \z@}
-
-\def\filbreak{\par\vfil\penalty-200\vfilneg}
-\def\goodbreak{\par\penalty-500 }
-\def\eject{\par\break}
-\def\supereject{\par\penalty-\@MM}
-
-\def\removelastskip{\ifdim\lastskip=\z@\else\vskip-\lastskip\fi}
-\def\smallbreak{\par\ifdim\lastskip<\smallskipamount
-  \removelastskip\penalty-50\smallskip\fi}
-\def\medbreak{\par\ifdim\lastskip<\medskipamount
-  \removelastskip\penalty-100\medskip\fi}
-\def\bigbreak{\par\ifdim\lastskip<\bigskipamount
-  \removelastskip\penalty-200\bigskip\fi}
-
-\def\line{\hbox to\hsize}
-\def\leftline#1{\line{#1\hss}}
-\def\rightline#1{\line{\hss#1}}
-\def\centerline#1{\line{\hss#1\hss}}
-
-\def\rlap#1{\hbox to\z@{#1\hss}}
-\def\llap#1{\hbox to\z@{\hss#1}}
-
-\def\m@th{\mathsurround\z@}
-\def\underbar#1{$\setbox\z@\hbox{#1}\dp\z@\z@
-  \m@th \underline{\box\z@}$}
-
-\newbox\strutbox
-\setbox\strutbox=\hbox{\vrule height8.5pt depth3.5pt width\z@}
-\def\strut{\relax\ifmmode\copy\strutbox\else\unhcopy\strutbox\fi}
-
-\def\hidewidth{\hskip\hideskip} % for alignment entries that can stick out
-\def\ialign{\everycr{}\tabskip\z@skip\halign} % initialized \halign
-\newcount\mscount
-\def\multispan#1{\omit \mscount#1\relax
-  \loop\ifnum\mscount>\@ne \sp@n\repeat}
-\def\sp@n{\span\omit\advance\mscount\m@ne}
-
-\newif\ifus@ \newif\if@cr
-\newbox\tabs \newbox\tabsyet \newbox\tabsdone
-
-\def\cleartabs{\global\setbox\tabsyet\null \setbox\tabs\null}
-\def\settabs{\setbox\tabs\null \futurelet\next\sett@b}
-\let\+=\relax % in case this file is being read in twice
-\def\sett@b{\ifx\next\+\def\nxt{\afterassignment\s@tt@b\let\nxt}%
-  \else\let\nxt\s@tcols\fi \let\next\relax \nxt}
-\def\s@tt@b{\let\nxt\relax \us@false\m@ketabbox}
-\def\tabalign{\us@true\m@ketabbox} % non-\outer version of \+
-\outer\def\+{\tabalign}
-\def\s@tcols#1\columns{\count@#1\dimen@\hsize
-  \loop\ifnum\count@>\z@ \@nother \repeat}
-\def\@nother{\dimen@ii\dimen@ \divide\dimen@ii\count@
-  \setbox\tabs\hbox{\hbox to\dimen@ii{}\unhbox\tabs}%
-  \advance\dimen@-\dimen@ii \advance\count@\m@ne}
-
-\def\m@ketabbox{\begingroup
-  \global\setbox\tabsyet\copy\tabs
-  \global\setbox\tabsdone\null
-  \def\cr{\@crtrue\crcr\egroup\egroup
-    \ifus@\unvbox\z@\lastbox\fi\endgroup
-    \setbox\tabs\hbox{\unhbox\tabsyet\unhbox\tabsdone}}%
-  \setbox\z@\vbox\bgroup\@crfalse
-    \ialign\bgroup&\t@bbox##\t@bb@x\crcr}
-
-\def\t@bbox{\setbox\z@\hbox\bgroup}
-\def\t@bb@x{\if@cr\egroup % now \box\z@ holds the column
-  \else\hss\egroup \global\setbox\tabsyet\hbox{\unhbox\tabsyet
-      \global\setbox\@ne\lastbox}% now \box\@ne holds its size
-    \ifvoid\@ne\global\setbox\@ne\hbox to\wd\z@{}%
-    \else\setbox\z@\hbox to\wd\@ne{\unhbox\z@}\fi
-    \global\setbox\tabsdone\hbox{\box\@ne\unhbox\tabsdone}\fi
-  \box\z@}
-
-\def\hang{\hangindent\parindent}
-\def\textindent#1{\indent\llap{#1\enspace}\ignorespaces}
-\def\item{\par\hang\textindent}
-\def\itemitem{\par\indent \hangindent2\parindent \textindent}
-\def\narrower{\advance\leftskip\parindent
-  \advance\rightskip\parindent}
-
-\outer\def\beginsection#1\par{\vskip\z@ plus.3\vsize\penalty-250
-  \vskip\z@ plus-.3\vsize\bigskip\vskip\parskip
-  \message{#1}\leftline{\bf#1}\nobreak\smallskip\noindent}
-\outer\def\proclaim #1. #2\par{\medbreak
-  \noindent{\bf#1.\enspace}{\sl#2\par}%
-  \ifdim\lastskip<\medskipamount \removelastskip\penalty55\medskip\fi}
-
-\def\raggedright{\rightskip\z@ plus2em \spaceskip.3333em \xspaceskip.5em\relax}
-\def\ttraggedright{\tt\rightskip\z@ plus2em\relax} % for use with \tt only
-
-\chardef\%=`\%
-\chardef\&=`\&
-\chardef\#=`\#
-\chardef\$=`\$
-\chardef\ss="19
-\chardef\ae="1A
-\chardef\oe="1B
-\chardef\o="1C
-\chardef\AE="1D
-\chardef\OE="1E
-\chardef\O="1F
-\chardef\i="10 \chardef\j="11 % dotless letters
-\def\aa{\accent23a}
-\def\l{\char32l}
-\def\L{\leavevmode\setbox0\hbox{L}\hbox to\wd0{\hss\char32L}}
-
-\def\leavevmode{\unhbox\voidb@x} % begins a paragraph, if necessary
-\def\_{\leavevmode \kern.06em \vbox{\hrule width.3em}}
-\def\AA{\leavevmode\setbox0\hbox{!}\dimen@\ht0\advance\dimen@-1ex%
-  \rlap{\raise.67\dimen@\hbox{\char'27}}A}
-
-\def\mathhexbox#1#2#3{\leavevmode
-  \hbox{$\m@th \mathchar"#1#2#3$}}
-\def\dag{\mathhexbox279}
-\def\ddag{\mathhexbox27A}
-\def\S{\mathhexbox278}
-\def\P{\mathhexbox27B}
-\def\Orb{\mathhexbox20D}
-
-\def\oalign#1{\leavevmode\vtop{\baselineskip\z@skip \lineskip.25ex%
-  \ialign{##\crcr#1\crcr}}} \def\o@lign{\lineskiplimit\z@ \oalign}
-\def\ooalign{\lineskiplimit-\maxdimen \oalign} % chars over each other
-{\catcode`p=12 \catcode`t=12 \gdef\\#1pt{#1}} \let\getf@ctor=\\
-\def\sh@ft#1{\dimen@#1\kern\expandafter\getf@ctor\the\fontdimen1\font
-  \dimen@} % kern by #1 times the current slant
-\def\d#1{{\o@lign{\relax#1\crcr\hidewidth\sh@ft{-1ex}.\hidewidth}}}
-\def\b#1{{\o@lign{\relax#1\crcr\hidewidth\sh@ft{-3ex}%
-    \vbox to.2ex{\hbox{\char22}\vss}\hidewidth}}}
-\def\c#1{{\setbox\z@\hbox{#1}\ifdim\ht\z@=1ex\accent24 #1%
-  \else\ooalign{\unhbox\z@\crcr\hidewidth\char24\hidewidth}\fi}}
-\def\copyright{{\ooalign{\hfil\raise.07ex\hbox{c}\hfil\crcr\Orb}}}
-
-\def\dots{\relax\ifmmode\ldots\else$\m@th\ldots\,$\fi}
-\def\TeX{T\kern-.1667em\lower.5ex\hbox{E}\kern-.125emX}
-
-\def\`#1{{\accent18 #1}}
-\def\'#1{{\accent19 #1}}
-\def\v#1{{\accent20 #1}} \let\^^_=\v
-\def\u#1{{\accent21 #1}} \let\^^S=\u
-\def\=#1{{\accent22 #1}}
-\def\^#1{{\accent94 #1}} \let\^^D=\^
-\def\.#1{{\accent95 #1}}
-\def\H#1{{\accent"7D #1}}
-\def\~#1{{\accent"7E #1}}
-\def\"#1{{\accent"7F #1}}
-\def\t#1{{\edef\next{\the\font}\the\textfont1\accent"7F\next#1}}
-
-\def\hrulefill{\leaders\hrule\hfill}
-\def\dotfill{\cleaders\hbox{$\m@th \mkern1.5mu.\mkern1.5mu$}\hfill}
-\def\rightarrowfill{$\m@th\smash-\mkern-7mu%
-  \cleaders\hbox{$\mkern-2mu\smash-\mkern-2mu$}\hfill
-  \mkern-7mu\mathord\rightarrow$}
-\def\leftarrowfill{$\m@th\mathord\leftarrow\mkern-7mu%
-  \cleaders\hbox{$\mkern-2mu\smash-\mkern-2mu$}\hfill
-  \mkern-7mu\smash-$}
-\mathchardef\braceld="37A \mathchardef\bracerd="37B
-\mathchardef\bracelu="37C \mathchardef\braceru="37D
-\def\downbracefill{$\m@th \setbox\z@\hbox{$\braceld$}%
-  \braceld\leaders\vrule height\ht\z@ depth\z@\hfill\braceru
-  \bracelu\leaders\vrule height\ht\z@ depth\z@\hfill\bracerd$}
-\def\upbracefill{$\m@th \setbox\z@\hbox{$\braceld$}%
-  \bracelu\leaders\vrule height\ht\z@ depth\z@\hfill\bracerd
-  \braceld\leaders\vrule height\ht\z@ depth\z@\hfill\braceru$}
-
-\outer\def\bye{\par\vfill\supereject\end}
-
-% Macros for math setting
-\message{math definitions,}
-
-\let\sp=^ \let\sb=_
-\def\,{\mskip\thinmuskip}
-\def\>{\mskip\medmuskip}
-\def\;{\mskip\thickmuskip}
-\def\!{\mskip-\thinmuskip}
-\def\*{\discretionary{\thinspace\the\textfont2\char2}{}{}}
-{\catcode`\'=\active \gdef'{^\bgroup\prim@s}}
-\def\prim@s{\prime\futurelet\next\pr@m@s}
-\def\pr@m@s{\ifx'\next\let\nxt\pr@@@s \else\ifx^\next\let\nxt\pr@@@t
-  \else\let\nxt\egroup\fi\fi \nxt}
-\def\pr@@@s#1{\prim@s} \def\pr@@@t#1#2{#2\egroup}
-{\catcode`\^^Z=\active \gdef^^Z{\not=}} % ^^Z is like \ne in math
-
-{\catcode`\_=\active \global\let_=\_} % _ in math is either subscript or \_
-
-\mathchardef\alpha="010B
-\mathchardef\beta="010C
-\mathchardef\gamma="010D
-\mathchardef\delta="010E
-\mathchardef\epsilon="010F
-\mathchardef\zeta="0110
-\mathchardef\eta="0111
-\mathchardef\theta="0112
-\mathchardef\iota="0113
-\mathchardef\kappa="0114
-\mathchardef\lambda="0115
-\mathchardef\mu="0116
-\mathchardef\nu="0117
-\mathchardef\xi="0118
-\mathchardef\pi="0119
-\mathchardef\rho="011A
-\mathchardef\sigma="011B
-\mathchardef\tau="011C
-\mathchardef\upsilon="011D
-\mathchardef\phi="011E
-\mathchardef\chi="011F
-\mathchardef\psi="0120
-\mathchardef\omega="0121
-\mathchardef\varepsilon="0122
-\mathchardef\vartheta="0123
-\mathchardef\varpi="0124
-\mathchardef\varrho="0125
-\mathchardef\varsigma="0126
-\mathchardef\varphi="0127
-\mathchardef\Gamma="7000
-\mathchardef\Delta="7001
-\mathchardef\Theta="7002
-\mathchardef\Lambda="7003
-\mathchardef\Xi="7004
-\mathchardef\Pi="7005
-\mathchardef\Sigma="7006
-\mathchardef\Upsilon="7007
-\mathchardef\Phi="7008
-\mathchardef\Psi="7009
-\mathchardef\Omega="700A
-
-\mathchardef\aleph="0240
-\def\hbar{{\mathchar'26\mkern-9muh}}
-\mathchardef\imath="017B
-\mathchardef\jmath="017C
-\mathchardef\ell="0160
-\mathchardef\wp="017D
-\mathchardef\Re="023C
-\mathchardef\Im="023D
-\mathchardef\partial="0140
-\mathchardef\infty="0231
-\mathchardef\prime="0230
-\mathchardef\emptyset="023B
-\mathchardef\nabla="0272
-\def\surd{{\mathchar"1270}}
-\mathchardef\top="023E
-\mathchardef\bot="023F
-\def\angle{{\vbox{\ialign{$\m@th\scriptstyle##$\crcr
-      \not\mathrel{\mkern14mu}\crcr
-      \noalign{\nointerlineskip}
-      \mkern2.5mu\leaders\hrule height.34pt\hfill\mkern2.5mu\crcr}}}}
-\mathchardef\triangle="0234
-\mathchardef\forall="0238
-\mathchardef\exists="0239
-\mathchardef\neg="023A \let\lnot=\neg
-\mathchardef\flat="015B
-\mathchardef\natural="015C
-\mathchardef\sharp="015D
-\mathchardef\clubsuit="027C
-\mathchardef\diamondsuit="027D
-\mathchardef\heartsuit="027E
-\mathchardef\spadesuit="027F
-
-\mathchardef\coprod="1360
-\mathchardef\bigvee="1357
-\mathchardef\bigwedge="1356
-\mathchardef\biguplus="1355
-\mathchardef\bigcap="1354
-\mathchardef\bigcup="1353
-\mathchardef\intop="1352 \def\int{\intop\nolimits}
-\mathchardef\prod="1351
-\mathchardef\sum="1350
-\mathchardef\bigotimes="134E
-\mathchardef\bigoplus="134C
-\mathchardef\bigodot="134A
-\mathchardef\ointop="1348 \def\oint{\ointop\nolimits}
-\mathchardef\bigsqcup="1346
-\mathchardef\smallint="1273
-
-\mathchardef\triangleleft="212F
-\mathchardef\triangleright="212E
-\mathchardef\bigtriangleup="2234
-\mathchardef\bigtriangledown="2235
-\mathchardef\wedge="225E \let\land=\wedge
-\mathchardef\vee="225F \let\lor=\vee
-\mathchardef\cap="225C
-\mathchardef\cup="225B
-\mathchardef\ddagger="227A
-\mathchardef\dagger="2279
-\mathchardef\sqcap="2275
-\mathchardef\sqcup="2274
-\mathchardef\uplus="225D
-\mathchardef\amalg="2271
-\mathchardef\diamond="2205
-\mathchardef\bullet="220F
-\mathchardef\wr="226F
-\mathchardef\div="2204
-\mathchardef\odot="220C
-\mathchardef\oslash="220B
-\mathchardef\otimes="220A
-\mathchardef\ominus="2209
-\mathchardef\oplus="2208
-\mathchardef\mp="2207
-\mathchardef\pm="2206
-\mathchardef\circ="220E
-\mathchardef\bigcirc="220D
-\mathchardef\setminus="226E % for set difference A\setminus B
-\mathchardef\cdot="2201
-\mathchardef\ast="2203
-\mathchardef\times="2202
-\mathchardef\star="213F
-
-\mathchardef\propto="322F
-\mathchardef\sqsubseteq="3276
-\mathchardef\sqsupseteq="3277
-\mathchardef\parallel="326B
-\mathchardef\mid="326A
-\mathchardef\dashv="3261
-\mathchardef\vdash="3260
-\mathchardef\nearrow="3225
-\mathchardef\searrow="3226
-\mathchardef\nwarrow="322D
-\mathchardef\swarrow="322E
-\mathchardef\Leftrightarrow="322C
-\mathchardef\Leftarrow="3228
-\mathchardef\Rightarrow="3229
-\def\neq{\not=} \let\ne=\neq
-\mathchardef\leq="3214 \let\le=\leq
-\mathchardef\geq="3215 \let\ge=\geq
-\mathchardef\succ="321F
-\mathchardef\prec="321E
-\mathchardef\approx="3219
-\mathchardef\succeq="3217
-\mathchardef\preceq="3216
-\mathchardef\supset="321B
-\mathchardef\subset="321A
-\mathchardef\supseteq="3213
-\mathchardef\subseteq="3212
-\mathchardef\in="3232
-\mathchardef\ni="3233 \let\owns=\ni
-\mathchardef\gg="321D
-\mathchardef\ll="321C
-\mathchardef\not="3236
-\mathchardef\leftrightarrow="3224
-\mathchardef\leftarrow="3220 \let\gets=\leftarrow
-\mathchardef\rightarrow="3221 \let\to=\rightarrow
-\mathchardef\mapstochar="3237 \def\mapsto{\mapstochar\rightarrow}
-\mathchardef\sim="3218
-\mathchardef\simeq="3227
-\mathchardef\perp="323F
-\mathchardef\equiv="3211
-\mathchardef\asymp="3210
-\mathchardef\smile="315E
-\mathchardef\frown="315F
-\mathchardef\leftharpoonup="3128
-\mathchardef\leftharpoondown="3129
-\mathchardef\rightharpoonup="312A
-\mathchardef\rightharpoondown="312B
-
-\def\joinrel{\mathrel{\mkern-3mu}}
-\def\relbar{\mathrel{\smash-}} % \smash, because - has the same height as +
-\def\Relbar{\mathrel=}
-\mathchardef\lhook="312C \def\hookrightarrow{\lhook\joinrel\rightarrow}
-\mathchardef\rhook="312D \def\hookleftarrow{\leftarrow\joinrel\rhook}
-\def\bowtie{\mathrel\triangleright\joinrel\mathrel\triangleleft}
-\def\models{\mathrel|\joinrel=}
-\def\Longrightarrow{\Relbar\joinrel\Rightarrow}
-\def\longrightarrow{\relbar\joinrel\rightarrow}
-\def\longleftarrow{\leftarrow\joinrel\relbar}
-\def\Longleftarrow{\Leftarrow\joinrel\Relbar}
-\def\longmapsto{\mapstochar\longrightarrow}
-\def\longleftrightarrow{\leftarrow\joinrel\rightarrow}
-\def\Longleftrightarrow{\Leftarrow\joinrel\Rightarrow}
-\def\iff{\;\Longleftrightarrow\;}
-
-\mathchardef\ldotp="613A % ldot as a punctuation mark
-\mathchardef\cdotp="6201 % cdot as a punctuation mark
-\mathchardef\colon="603A % colon as a punctuation mark
-\def\ldots{\mathinner{\ldotp\ldotp\ldotp}}
-\def\cdots{\mathinner{\cdotp\cdotp\cdotp}}
-\def\vdots{\vbox{\baselineskip4\p@ \lineskiplimit\z@
-    \kern6\p@\hbox{.}\hbox{.}\hbox{.}}}
-\def\ddots{\mathinner{\mkern1mu\raise7\p@\vbox{\kern7\p@\hbox{.}}\mkern2mu
-    \raise4\p@\hbox{.}\mkern2mu\raise\p@\hbox{.}\mkern1mu}}
-
-\def\acute{\mathaccent"7013 }
-\def\grave{\mathaccent"7012 }
-\def\ddot{\mathaccent"707F }
-\def\tilde{\mathaccent"707E }
-\def\bar{\mathaccent"7016 }
-\def\breve{\mathaccent"7015 }
-\def\check{\mathaccent"7014 }
-\def\hat{\mathaccent"705E }
-\def\vec{\mathaccent"017E }
-\def\dot{\mathaccent"705F }
-\def\widetilde{\mathaccent"0365 }
-\def\widehat{\mathaccent"0362 }
-\def\overrightarrow#1{\vbox{\m@th\ialign{##\crcr
-      \rightarrowfill\crcr\noalign{\kern-\p@\nointerlineskip}
-      $\hfil\displaystyle{#1}\hfil$\crcr}}}
-\def\overleftarrow#1{\vbox{\m@th\ialign{##\crcr
-      \leftarrowfill\crcr\noalign{\kern-\p@\nointerlineskip}
-      $\hfil\displaystyle{#1}\hfil$\crcr}}}
-\def\overbrace#1{\mathop{\vbox{\m@th\ialign{##\crcr\noalign{\kern3\p@}
-      \downbracefill\crcr\noalign{\kern3\p@\nointerlineskip}
-      $\hfil\displaystyle{#1}\hfil$\crcr}}}\limits}
-\def\underbrace#1{\mathop{\vtop{\m@th\ialign{##\crcr
-      $\hfil\displaystyle{#1}\hfil$\crcr\noalign{\kern3\p@\nointerlineskip}
-      \upbracefill\crcr\noalign{\kern3\p@}}}}\limits}
-\def\skew#1#2#3{{\muskip\z@#1mu\divide\muskip\z@\tw@ \mkern\muskip\z@
-    #2{\mkern-\muskip\z@{#3}\mkern\muskip\z@}\mkern-\muskip\z@}{}}
-
-\def\lmoustache{\delimiter"437A340 } % top from (, bottom from )
-\def\rmoustache{\delimiter"537B341 } % top from ), bottom from (
-\def\lgroup{\delimiter"462833A } % extensible ( with sharper tips
-\def\rgroup{\delimiter"562933B } % extensible ) with sharper tips
-\def\arrowvert{\delimiter"26A33C } % arrow without arrowheads
-\def\Arrowvert{\delimiter"26B33D } % double arrow without arrowheads
-\def\bracevert{\delimiter"77C33E } % the vertical bar that extends braces
-\def\Vert{\delimiter"26B30D } \let\|=\Vert
-\def\vert{\delimiter"26A30C }
-\def\uparrow{\delimiter"3222378 }
-\def\downarrow{\delimiter"3223379 }
-\def\updownarrow{\delimiter"326C33F }
-\def\Uparrow{\delimiter"322A37E }
-\def\Downarrow{\delimiter"322B37F }
-\def\Updownarrow{\delimiter"326D377 }
-\def\backslash{\delimiter"26E30F } % for double coset G\backslash H
-\def\rangle{\delimiter"526930B }
-\def\langle{\delimiter"426830A }
-\def\rbrace{\delimiter"5267309 } \let\}=\rbrace
-\def\lbrace{\delimiter"4266308 } \let\{=\lbrace
-\def\rceil{\delimiter"5265307 }
-\def\lceil{\delimiter"4264306 }
-\def\rfloor{\delimiter"5263305 }
-\def\lfloor{\delimiter"4262304 }
-
-\def\bigl{\mathopen\big}
-\def\bigm{\mathrel\big}
-\def\bigr{\mathclose\big}
-\def\Bigl{\mathopen\Big}
-\def\Bigm{\mathrel\Big}
-\def\Bigr{\mathclose\Big}
-\def\biggl{\mathopen\bigg}
-\def\biggm{\mathrel\bigg}
-\def\biggr{\mathclose\bigg}
-\def\Biggl{\mathopen\Bigg}
-\def\Biggm{\mathrel\Bigg}
-\def\Biggr{\mathclose\Bigg}
-\def\big#1{{\hbox{$\left#1\vbox to8.5\p@{}\right.\n@space$}}}
-\def\Big#1{{\hbox{$\left#1\vbox to11.5\p@{}\right.\n@space$}}}
-\def\bigg#1{{\hbox{$\left#1\vbox to14.5\p@{}\right.\n@space$}}}
-\def\Bigg#1{{\hbox{$\left#1\vbox to17.5\p@{}\right.\n@space$}}}
-\def\n@space{\nulldelimiterspace\z@ \m@th}
-
-\def\choose{\atopwithdelims()}
-\def\brack{\atopwithdelims[]}
-\def\brace{\atopwithdelims\{\}}
-
-\def\sqrt{\radical"270370 }
-
-\def\mathpalette#1#2{\mathchoice{#1\displaystyle{#2}}%
-  {#1\textstyle{#2}}{#1\scriptstyle{#2}}{#1\scriptscriptstyle{#2}}}
-\newbox\rootbox
-\def\root#1\of{\setbox\rootbox
-  \hbox{$\m@th\scriptscriptstyle{#1}$}\mathpalette\r@@t}
-\def\r@@t#1#2{\setbox\z@\hbox{$\m@th#1\sqrt{#2}$}\dimen@\ht\z@
-  \advance\dimen@-\dp\z@
-  \mkern5mu\raise.6\dimen@\copy\rootbox \mkern-10mu\box\z@}
-\newif\ifv@ \newif\ifh@
-\def\vphantom{\v@true\h@false\ph@nt}
-\def\hphantom{\v@false\h@true\ph@nt}
-\def\phantom{\v@true\h@true\ph@nt}
-\def\ph@nt{\ifmmode\def\next{\mathpalette\mathph@nt}%
-  \else\let\next\makeph@nt\fi\next}
-\def\makeph@nt#1{\setbox\z@\hbox{#1}\finph@nt}
-\def\mathph@nt#1#2{\setbox\z@\hbox{$\m@th#1{#2}$}\finph@nt}
-\def\finph@nt{\setbox\tw@\null
-  \ifv@ \ht\tw@\ht\z@ \dp\tw@\dp\z@\fi
-  \ifh@ \wd\tw@\wd\z@\fi \box\tw@}
-\def\mathstrut{\vphantom(}
-\def\smash{\relax % \relax, in case this comes first in \halign
-  \ifmmode\def\next{\mathpalette\mathsm@sh}\else\let\next\makesm@sh
-  \fi\next}
-\def\makesm@sh#1{\setbox\z@\hbox{#1}\finsm@sh}
-\def\mathsm@sh#1#2{\setbox\z@\hbox{$\m@th#1{#2}$}\finsm@sh}
-\def\finsm@sh{\ht\z@\z@ \dp\z@\z@ \box\z@}
-
-\def\cong{\mathrel{\mathpalette\@vereq\sim}} % congruence sign
-\def\@vereq#1#2{\lower.5\p@\vbox{\lineskiplimit\maxdimen\lineskip-.5\p@
-    \ialign{$\m@th#1\hfil##\hfil$\crcr#2\crcr=\crcr}}}
-\def\notin{\mathrel{\mathpalette\c@ncel\in}}
-\def\c@ncel#1#2{\m@th\ooalign{$\hfil#1\mkern1mu/\hfil$\crcr$#1#2$}}
-\def\rightleftharpoons{\mathrel{\mathpalette\rlh@{}}}
-\def\rlh@#1{\vcenter{\m@th\hbox{\ooalign{\raise2pt
-          \hbox{$#1\rightharpoonup$}\crcr
-        $#1\leftharpoondown$}}}}
-\def\buildrel#1\over#2{\mathrel{\mathop{\kern\z@#2}\limits^{#1}}}
-\def\doteq{\buildrel\textstyle.\over=}
-
-\def\log{\mathop{\rm log}\nolimits}
-\def\lg{\mathop{\rm lg}\nolimits}
-\def\ln{\mathop{\rm ln}\nolimits}
-\def\lim{\mathop{\rm lim}}
-\def\limsup{\mathop{\rm lim\,sup}}
-\def\liminf{\mathop{\rm lim\,inf}}
-\def\sin{\mathop{\rm sin}\nolimits}
-\def\arcsin{\mathop{\rm arcsin}\nolimits}
-\def\sinh{\mathop{\rm sinh}\nolimits}
-\def\cos{\mathop{\rm cos}\nolimits}
-\def\arccos{\mathop{\rm arccos}\nolimits}
-\def\cosh{\mathop{\rm cosh}\nolimits}
-\def\tan{\mathop{\rm tan}\nolimits}
-\def\arctan{\mathop{\rm arctan}\nolimits}
-\def\tanh{\mathop{\rm tanh}\nolimits}
-\def\cot{\mathop{\rm cot}\nolimits}
-\def\coth{\mathop{\rm coth}\nolimits}
-\def\sec{\mathop{\rm sec}\nolimits}
-\def\csc{\mathop{\rm csc}\nolimits}
-\def\max{\mathop{\rm max}}
-\def\min{\mathop{\rm min}}
-\def\sup{\mathop{\rm sup}}
-\def\inf{\mathop{\rm inf}}
-\def\arg{\mathop{\rm arg}\nolimits}
-\def\ker{\mathop{\rm ker}\nolimits}
-\def\dim{\mathop{\rm dim}\nolimits}
-\def\hom{\mathop{\rm hom}\nolimits}
-\def\det{\mathop{\rm det}}
-\def\exp{\mathop{\rm exp}\nolimits}
-\def\Pr{\mathop{\rm Pr}}
-\def\gcd{\mathop{\rm gcd}}
-\def\deg{\mathop{\rm deg}\nolimits}
-
-\def\bmod{\nonscript\mskip-\medmuskip\mkern5mu
-  \mathbin{\rm mod}\penalty900\mkern5mu\nonscript\mskip-\medmuskip}
-\def\pmod#1{\allowbreak\mkern18mu({\rm mod}\,\,#1)}
-
-\def\cases#1{\left\{\,\vcenter{\normalbaselines\m@th
-    \ialign{$##\hfil$&\quad##\hfil\crcr#1\crcr}}\right.}
-\def\matrix#1{\null\,\vcenter{\normalbaselines\m@th
-    \ialign{\hfil$##$\hfil&&\quad\hfil$##$\hfil\crcr
-      \mathstrut\crcr\noalign{\kern-\baselineskip}
-      #1\crcr\mathstrut\crcr\noalign{\kern-\baselineskip}}}\,}
-\def\pmatrix#1{\left(\matrix{#1}\right)}
-\newdimen\p@renwd
-\setbox0=\hbox{\tenex B} \p@renwd=\wd0 % width of the big left (
-\def\bordermatrix#1{\begingroup \m@th
-  \setbox\z@\vbox{\def\cr{\crcr\noalign{\kern2\p@\global\let\cr\endline}}%
-    \ialign{$##$\hfil\kern2\p@\kern\p@renwd&\thinspace\hfil$##$\hfil
-      &&\quad\hfil$##$\hfil\crcr
-      \omit\strut\hfil\crcr\noalign{\kern-\baselineskip}%
-      #1\crcr\omit\strut\cr}}%
-  \setbox\tw@\vbox{\unvcopy\z@\global\setbox\@ne\lastbox}%
-  \setbox\tw@\hbox{\unhbox\@ne\unskip\global\setbox\@ne\lastbox}%
-  \setbox\tw@\hbox{$\kern\wd\@ne\kern-\p@renwd\left(\kern-\wd\@ne
-    \global\setbox\@ne\vbox{\box\@ne\kern2\p@}%
-    \vcenter{\kern-\ht\@ne\unvbox\z@\kern-\baselineskip}\,\right)$}%
-  \null\;\vbox{\kern\ht\@ne\box\tw@}\endgroup}
-
-\def\openup{\afterassignment\@penup\dimen@=}
-\def\@penup{\advance\lineskip\dimen@
-  \advance\baselineskip\dimen@
-  \advance\lineskiplimit\dimen@}
-\def\eqalign#1{\null\,\vcenter{\openup\jot\m@th
-  \ialign{\strut\hfil$\displaystyle{##}$&$\displaystyle{{}##}$\hfil
-      \crcr#1\crcr}}\,}
-\newif\ifdt@p
-\def\displ@y{\global\dt@ptrue\openup\jot\m@th
-  \everycr{\noalign{\ifdt@p \global\dt@pfalse \ifdim\prevdepth>-1000\p@
-      \vskip-\lineskiplimit \vskip\normallineskiplimit \fi
-      \else \penalty\interdisplaylinepenalty \fi}}}
-\def\@lign{\tabskip\z@skip\everycr{}} % restore inside \displ@y
-\def\displaylines#1{\displ@y \tabskip\z@skip
-  \halign{\hbox to\displaywidth{$\@lign\hfil\displaystyle##\hfil$}\crcr
-    #1\crcr}}
-\def\eqalignno#1{\displ@y \tabskip\centering
-  \halign to\displaywidth{\hfil$\@lign\displaystyle{##}$\tabskip\z@skip
-    &$\@lign\displaystyle{{}##}$\hfil\tabskip\centering
-    &\llap{$\@lign##$}\tabskip\z@skip\crcr
-    #1\crcr}}
-\def\leqalignno#1{\displ@y \tabskip\centering
-  \halign to\displaywidth{\hfil$\@lign\displaystyle{##}$\tabskip\z@skip
-    &$\@lign\displaystyle{{}##}$\hfil\tabskip\centering
-    &\kern-\displaywidth\rlap{$\@lign##$}\tabskip\displaywidth\crcr
-    #1\crcr}}
-
-% Definitions related to output
-
-\message{output routines,}
-
-\countdef\pageno=0 \pageno=1 % first page is number 1
-\newtoks\headline \headline={\hfil} % headline is normally blank
-\newtoks\footline \footline={\hss\tenrm\folio\hss}
-  % footline is normally a centered page number in font \tenrm
-\newif\ifr@ggedbottom
-\def\raggedbottom{\topskip 10\p@ plus60\p@ \r@ggedbottomtrue}
-\def\normalbottom{\topskip 10\p@ \r@ggedbottomfalse} % undoes \raggedbottom
-\def\folio{\ifnum\pageno<\z@ \romannumeral-\pageno \else\number\pageno \fi}
-\def\nopagenumbers{\footline{\hfil}} % blank out the footline
-\def\advancepageno{\ifnum\pageno<\z@ \global\advance\pageno\m@ne
-  \else\global\advance\pageno\@ne \fi} % increase |pageno|
-
-\newinsert\footins
-\def\footnote#1{\let\@sf\empty % parameter #2 (the text) is read later
-  \ifhmode\edef\@sf{\spacefactor\the\spacefactor}\/\fi
-  #1\@sf\vfootnote{#1}}
-\def\vfootnote#1{\insert\footins\bgroup
-  \interlinepenalty\interfootnotelinepenalty
-  \splittopskip\ht\strutbox % top baseline for broken footnotes
-  \splitmaxdepth\dp\strutbox \floatingpenalty\@MM
-  \leftskip\z@skip \rightskip\z@skip \spaceskip\z@skip \xspaceskip\z@skip
-  \textindent{#1}\footstrut\futurelet\next\fo@t}
-\def\fo@t{\ifcat\bgroup\noexpand\next \let\next\f@@t
-  \else\let\next\f@t\fi \next}
-\def\f@@t{\bgroup\aftergroup\@foot\let\next}
-\def\f@t#1{#1\@foot}
-\def\@foot{\strut\egroup}
-\def\footstrut{\vbox to\splittopskip{}}
-\skip\footins=\bigskipamount % space added when footnote is present
-\count\footins=1000 % footnote magnification factor (1 to 1)
-\dimen\footins=8in % maximum footnotes per page
-
-\newinsert\topins
-\newif\ifp@ge \newif\if@mid
-\def\topinsert{\@midfalse\p@gefalse\@ins}
-\def\midinsert{\@midtrue\@ins}
-\def\pageinsert{\@midfalse\p@getrue\@ins}
-\skip\topins=\z@skip % no space added when a topinsert is present
-\count\topins=1000 % magnification factor (1 to 1)
-\dimen\topins=\maxdimen % no limit per page
-\def\@ins{\par\begingroup\setbox\z@\vbox\bgroup} % start a \vbox
-\def\endinsert{\egroup % finish the \vbox
-  \if@mid \dimen@\ht\z@ \advance\dimen@\dp\z@ \advance\dimen@12\p@
-    \advance\dimen@\pagetotal \advance\dimen@-\pageshrink
-    \ifdim\dimen@>\pagegoal\@midfalse\p@gefalse\fi\fi
-  \if@mid \bigskip\box\z@\bigbreak
-  \else\insert\topins{\penalty100 % floating insertion
-    \splittopskip\z@skip
-    \splitmaxdepth\maxdimen \floatingpenalty\z@
-    \ifp@ge \dimen@\dp\z@
-    \vbox to\vsize{\unvbox\z@\kern-\dimen@}% depth is zero
-    \else \box\z@\nobreak\bigskip\fi}\fi\endgroup}
-
-\output{\plainoutput}
-\def\plainoutput{\shipout\vbox{\makeheadline\pagebody\makefootline}%
-  \advancepageno
-  \ifnum\outputpenalty>-\@MM \else\dosupereject\fi}
-\def\pagebody{\vbox to\vsize{\boxmaxdepth\maxdepth \pagecontents}}
-\def\makeheadline{\vbox to\z@{\vskip-22.5\p@
-  \line{\vbox to8.5\p@{}\the\headline}\vss}\nointerlineskip}
-\def\makefootline{\baselineskip24\p@\lineskiplimit\z@\line{\the\footline}}
-\def\dosupereject{\ifnum\insertpenalties>\z@ % something is being held over
-  \line{}\kern-\topskip\nobreak\vfill\supereject\fi}
-
-\def\pagecontents{\ifvoid\topins\else\unvbox\topins\fi
-  \dimen@=\dp\@cclv \unvbox\@cclv % open up \box255
-  \ifvoid\footins\else % footnote info is present
-    \vskip\skip\footins
-    \footnoterule
-    \unvbox\footins\fi
-  \ifr@ggedbottom \kern-\dimen@ \vfil \fi}
-\def\footnoterule{\kern-3\p@
-  \hrule width 2truein \kern 2.6\p@} % the \hrule is .4pt high
-
-% Hyphenation, miscellaneous macros, and initial values for standard layout
-\message{hyphenation}
-
-\lefthyphenmin=2 \righthyphenmin=3 % disallow x- or -xx breaks
-\input hyphen
-
-\def\magnification{\afterassignment\m@g\count@}
-\def\m@g{\mag\count@
-  \hsize6.5truein\vsize8.9truein\dimen\footins8truein}
-
-\def\loggingall{\tracingcommands\tw@\tracingstats\tw@
-  \tracingpages\@ne\tracingoutput\@ne\tracinglostchars\@ne
-  \tracingmacros\tw@\tracingparagraphs\@ne\tracingrestores\@ne
-  \showboxbreadth\maxdimen\showboxdepth\maxdimen}
-\def\tracingall{\tracingonline\@ne\loggingall}
-
-\def\showhyphens#1{\setbox0\vbox{\parfillskip\z@skip\hsize\maxdimen\tenrm
-  \pretolerance\m@ne\tolerance\m@ne\hbadness0\showboxdepth0\ #1}}
-
-\normalbaselines\rm % select roman font
-\nonfrenchspacing % punctuation affects the spacing
-\catcode`@=12 % at signs are no longer letters
-
-\def\fmtname{plain}\def\fmtversion{3.1415926535} % identifies the current format