npm - @k2works/claude-code-booster - Versions diffs - 4.13.0 → 4.15.0 - Mend

@k2works/claude-code-booster 4.13.0 → 4.15.0

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package/lib/assets/docs/article/practical-database-design/study/study4-3.md CHANGED Viewed

@@ -1,1805 +1,1805 @@
-# 実践データベース設計：生産管理システム 研究 3 - gRPC サービスの実装
-## はじめに
-本研究では、API サーバー構成（第32章）とは異なるアプローチとして、**gRPC** による生産管理システムを実装します。Protocol Buffers によるスキーマ駆動開発と HTTP/2 の双方向ストリーミングを活用した、高性能な API を構築します。
-第32章で構築したヘキサゴナルアーキテクチャ（ドメイン層・アプリケーション層）はそのまま共有し、**Input Adapter として gRPC サービス層のみを追加**します。
----
-## 第42章：gRPC サーバーの基礎
-### 42.1 gRPC とは
-gRPC は Google が開発した高性能な RPC（Remote Procedure Call）フレームワークです。Protocol Buffers をインターフェース定義言語（IDL）として使用し、HTTP/2 上で動作します。
-```plantuml
-@startuml grpc_architecture
-!define RECTANGLE class
-skinparam backgroundColor #FEFEFE
-package "gRPC Architecture (生産管理システム)" {
-  package "Client Side" {
-    RECTANGLE "gRPC Client\n(Java/Kotlin/Go)" as client {
-      - ItemServiceStub
-      - PurchaseOrderServiceStub
-      - MrpServiceStub
-    }
-  }
-  package "Server Side" {
-    RECTANGLE "gRPC Server\n(Spring Boot + grpc-spring-boot-starter)" as server {
-      - ItemGrpcService
-      - PurchaseOrderGrpcService
-      - MrpGrpcService
-    }
-  }
-  package "Shared" {
-    RECTANGLE "Protocol Buffers\n(.proto files)" as proto {
-      - item.proto
-      - purchase_order.proto
-      - mrp.proto
-    }
-  }
-}
-client --> proto : "生成されたStub\nを使用"
-server --> proto : "生成されたService\nを実装"
-client <--> server : "HTTP/2\n(双方向ストリーミング)"
-note bottom of proto
-  スキーマ駆動開発
-  型安全な通信
-  言語間相互運用性
-end note
-@enduml
-```
-**REST API との比較：**
-| 特徴 | REST API | gRPC |
-|------|----------|------|
-| プロトコル | HTTP/1.1 | HTTP/2 |
-| データ形式 | JSON (テキスト) | Protocol Buffers (バイナリ) |
-| スキーマ | OpenAPI (任意) | .proto (必須) |
-| ストリーミング | WebSocket 別実装 | ネイティブサポート |
-| コード生成 | 手動/ツール | 自動生成 |
-| パフォーマンス | 標準 | 高速 |
-### 42.2 4つの通信パターン
-gRPC は 4 つの通信パターンをサポートします：
-```plantuml
-@startuml grpc_patterns
-skinparam backgroundColor #FEFEFE
-rectangle "1. Unary RPC\n(単項)" as unary {
-  (Client) --> (Server) : Request
-  (Server) --> (Client) : Response
-}
-rectangle "2. Server Streaming\n(サーバーストリーミング)" as server_stream {
-  (Client2) --> (Server2) : Request
-  (Server2) --> (Client2) : Response 1
-  (Server2) --> (Client2) : Response 2
-  (Server2) --> (Client2) : Response N
-}
-rectangle "3. Client Streaming\n(クライアントストリーミング)" as client_stream {
-  (Client3) --> (Server3) : Request 1
-  (Client3) --> (Server3) : Request 2
-  (Client3) --> (Server3) : Request N
-  (Server3) --> (Client3) : Response
-}
-rectangle "4. Bidirectional Streaming\n(双方向ストリーミング)" as bidi {
-  (Client4) <--> (Server4) : Messages
-}
-@enduml
-```
-**用途：**
-1. **Unary RPC**: 通常の API 呼び出し（CRUD 操作）
-2. **Server Streaming**: 大量データの配信（MRP 実行結果）
-3. **Client Streaming**: バッチ登録（複数品目の一括登録）
-4. **Bidirectional Streaming**: リアルタイム通信（進捗監視）
-### 42.3 gRPC におけるヘキサゴナルアーキテクチャ
-gRPC を導入しても、第32章で構築したヘキサゴナルアーキテクチャ（ドメイン層・アプリケーション層）はそのまま共有し、**Input Adapter として gRPC サービス層のみを追加**します。
-```plantuml
-@startuml hexagonal_grpc
-!define RECTANGLE class
-package "Hexagonal Architecture (gRPC版)" {
-  RECTANGLE "Application Core\n(Domain + Use Cases)" as core {
-    - Item (品目)
-    - Bom (部品構成表)
-    - Order (オーダ)
-    - Stock (在庫)
-    - ItemUseCase
-    - OrderUseCase
-    - InventoryUseCase
-  }
-  RECTANGLE "Input Adapters\n(Driving Side)" as input {
-    - REST Controller（既存）
-    - gRPC Service（新規追加）
-    - Proto Mapper
-    - Interceptor
-  }
-  RECTANGLE "Output Adapters\n(Driven Side)" as output {
-    - MyBatis Repository
-    - Database Access
-    - Entity Mapping
-  }
-}
-input --> core : "Input Ports\n(Use Cases)"
-core --> output : "Output Ports\n(Repository Interfaces)"
-note top of core
-  既存のビジネスロジック
-  REST API 版と完全に共有
-  gRPC 固有のコードは含まない
-end note
-note left of input
-  gRPC サービスを
-  Input Adapter として追加
-  既存の REST API と共存可能
-end note
-note right of output
-  既存の Repository を
-  そのまま使用
-  変更不要
-end note
-@enduml
-```
-**gRPC でもヘキサゴナルアーキテクチャを維持する理由：**
-1. **再利用性**: 既存の UseCase/Repository をそのまま活用
-2. **並行運用**: REST API と gRPC API の両方を提供可能
-3. **テスト容易性**: ドメインロジックは通信プロトコルに依存しない
-4. **移行容易性**: 段階的に REST から gRPC へ移行可能
-### 42.4 ディレクトリ構成
-既存の構成に `infrastructure/grpc/` を追加するだけです。
-```
-src/main/java/com/example/production/
-├── domain/                     # ドメイン層（API版と共通）
-│   ├── model/
-│   │   ├── item/
-│   │   ├── bom/
-│   │   ├── order/
-│   │   └── inventory/
-│   └── exception/
-│
-├── application/               # アプリケーション層（API版と共通）
-│   ├── port/
-│   │   ├── in/               # Input Port（ユースケース）
-│   │   └── out/              # Output Port（リポジトリ）
-│   └── service/
-│
-├── infrastructure/
-│   ├── persistence/          # Output Adapter（DB実装）- 既存
-│   │   ├── mapper/
-│   │   └── repository/
-│   ├── rest/                 # Input Adapter（REST実装）- 既存
-│   │   ├── controller/
-│   │   ├── dto/
-│   │   └── exception/
-│   └── grpc/                 # Input Adapter（gRPC実装）- 新規追加
-│       ├── service/          # gRPC Service 実装
-│       ├── mapper/           # Proto ⇔ Domain 変換
-│       └── interceptor/      # 共通処理（ログ、エラー等）
-│
-├── config/
-│
-└── src/main/proto/            # Protocol Buffers 定義
-    ├── common.proto
-    ├── item.proto
-    ├── bom.proto
-    ├── purchase_order.proto
-    └── mrp.proto
-```
-### 42.5 技術スタックの追加
-既存の `build.gradle.kts` に gRPC 関連の依存関係を追加します。
-<details>
-<summary>build.gradle.kts（差分）</summary>
-```kotlin
-import com.google.protobuf.gradle.*
-plugins {
-    // 既存のプラグイン...
-    id("com.google.protobuf") version "0.9.4"  // 追加
-}
-dependencies {
-    // 既存の依存関係（Spring Boot, MyBatis, PostgreSQL等）はそのまま
-    // gRPC 関連を追加
-    implementation("net.devh:grpc-spring-boot-starter:3.0.0.RELEASE")
-    implementation("io.grpc:grpc-protobuf:1.60.0")
-    implementation("io.grpc:grpc-stub:1.60.0")
-    implementation("io.grpc:grpc-services:1.60.0")  // Health check, Reflection
-    // Protocol Buffers
-    implementation("com.google.protobuf:protobuf-java:3.25.1")
-    implementation("com.google.protobuf:protobuf-java-util:3.25.1")
-    // Test
-    testImplementation("io.grpc:grpc-testing:1.60.0")
-}
-// Protocol Buffers コンパイル設定
-protobuf {
-    protoc {
-        artifact = "com.google.protobuf:protoc:3.25.1"
-    }
-    plugins {
-        id("grpc") {
-            artifact = "io.grpc:protoc-gen-grpc-java:1.60.0"
-        }
-    }
-    generateProtoTasks {
-        all().forEach { task ->
-            task.plugins {
-                id("grpc")
-            }
-        }
-    }
-}
-```
-</details>
-**追加パッケージの説明：**
-| パッケージ | 用途 |
-|-----------|------|
-| grpc-spring-boot-starter | Spring Boot との統合 |
-| grpc-protobuf | Protocol Buffers サポート |
-| grpc-services | ヘルスチェック、リフレクション |
-| protobuf-java-util | JSON ⇔ Proto 変換 |
-### 38.6 Protocol Buffers 定義
-<details>
-<summary>src/main/proto/common.proto</summary>
-```protobuf
-syntax = "proto3";
-package production;
-option java_package = "com.example.production.grpc";
-option java_multiple_files = true;
-// 共通メッセージ
-message Empty {}
-message Timestamp {
-  int64 seconds = 1;
-  int32 nanos = 2;
-}
-message Date {
-  int32 year = 1;
-  int32 month = 2;
-  int32 day = 3;
-}
-message Decimal {
-  string value = 1;  // 文字列で精度を維持
-}
-message PageRequest {
-  int32 page = 1;
-  int32 size = 2;
-}
-message PageResponse {
-  int32 total_elements = 1;
-  int32 total_pages = 2;
-  int32 current_page = 3;
-}
-// エラーレスポンス
-message ErrorDetail {
-  string code = 1;
-  string message = 2;
-  map<string, string> metadata = 3;
-}
-```
-</details>
-<details>
-<summary>src/main/proto/item.proto</summary>
-```protobuf
-syntax = "proto3";
-package production;
-import "common.proto";
-option java_package = "com.example.production.grpc";
-option java_multiple_files = true;
-// 品目区分
-enum ItemCategory {
-  ITEM_CATEGORY_UNSPECIFIED = 0;
-  PRODUCT = 1;      // 製品
-  SEMI_PRODUCT = 2; // 半製品
-  PART = 3;         // 部品
-  MATERIAL = 4;     // 材料
-}
-// 品目メッセージ
-message Item {
-  string item_code = 1;
-  Date effective_date = 2;
-  string item_name = 3;
-  ItemCategory category = 4;
-  string item_group_code = 5;
-  string unit_code = 6;
-  string location_code = 7;
-  int32 lead_time = 8;
-  int32 safety_stock = 9;
-}
-// リクエスト/レスポンス
-message GetItemRequest {
-  string item_code = 1;
-}
-message GetItemsRequest {
-  ItemCategory category = 1;  // optional filter
-  PageRequest page = 2;
-}
-message GetItemsResponse {
-  repeated Item items = 1;
-  PageResponse page = 2;
-}
-message CreateItemRequest {
-  string item_code = 1;
-  string item_name = 2;
-  ItemCategory category = 3;
-  string item_group_code = 4;
-  string unit_code = 5;
-  string location_code = 6;
-  int32 lead_time = 7;
-  int32 safety_stock = 8;
-}
-message UpdateItemRequest {
-  string item_code = 1;
-  string item_name = 2;
-  ItemCategory category = 3;
-  int32 lead_time = 4;
-  int32 safety_stock = 5;
-}
-message DeleteItemRequest {
-  string item_code = 1;
-}
-message BatchCreateResponse {
-  int32 success_count = 1;
-  int32 failed_count = 2;
-  repeated string failed_codes = 3;
-}
-// 品目サービス
-service ItemService {
-  // Unary RPC
-  rpc GetItem(GetItemRequest) returns (Item);
-  rpc CreateItem(CreateItemRequest) returns (Item);
-  rpc UpdateItem(UpdateItemRequest) returns (Item);
-  rpc DeleteItem(DeleteItemRequest) returns (Empty);
-  // Server Streaming - 品目一覧のストリーム配信
-  rpc StreamItems(GetItemsRequest) returns (stream Item);
-  // Client Streaming - バッチ登録
-  rpc BatchCreateItems(stream CreateItemRequest) returns (BatchCreateResponse);
-}
-```
-</details>
-### 38.7 API サーバー版との Controller の違い
-**API サーバー版（REST Controller）**
-```java
-@RestController  // JSON を返す
-@RequestMapping("/api/items")
-public class ItemApiController {
-    private final ItemUseCase itemUseCase;  // 共有
-    @GetMapping("/{itemCode}")
-    public ResponseEntity<ItemResponse> getItem(@PathVariable String itemCode) {
-        Item item = itemUseCase.getItemByCode(itemCode);
-        return ResponseEntity.ok(ItemResponse.from(item));
-    }
-}
-```
-**gRPC 版（gRPC Service）**
-```java
-@GrpcService  // gRPC サービスとして公開
-public class ItemGrpcService extends ItemServiceGrpc.ItemServiceImplBase {
-    private final ItemUseCase itemUseCase;  // 共有（同じインスタンス）
-    private final ProtoMapper mapper;
-    @Override
-    public void getItem(GetItemRequest request,
-                        StreamObserver<Item> responseObserver) {
-        // 同じ UseCase を呼び出し
-        var item = itemUseCase.getItemByCode(request.getItemCode());
-        responseObserver.onNext(mapper.toProto(item));
-        responseObserver.onCompleted();
-    }
-}
-```
-**共通点と相違点：**
-| 観点 | REST Controller | gRPC Service |
-|------|-----------------|--------------|
-| **UseCase** | 共有（同一インスタンス） | 共有（同一インスタンス） |
-| **アノテーション** | `@RestController` | `@GrpcService` |
-| **リクエスト** | DTO（JSON） | Proto Message |
-| **レスポンス** | `ResponseEntity<T>` | `StreamObserver<T>` |
-| **変換** | DTO ⇔ Domain | Proto ⇔ Domain |
-| **エラー処理** | 例外ハンドラ | `Status` + `onError` |
----
-## 第43章：マスタ API の実装
-### 43.1 Proto マッパーの実装
-既存のドメインモデルと Protocol Buffers メッセージ間の変換を行います。
-<details>
-<summary>ProtoMapper.java</summary>
-```java
-package com.example.production.infrastructure.grpc.mapper;
-import com.example.production.domain.model.item.Item;
-import com.example.production.domain.model.item.ItemCategory;
-import com.example.production.grpc.*;
-import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
-import java.math.BigDecimal;
-import java.time.LocalDate;
-/**
- * ドメインモデルと Protocol Buffers メッセージ間の変換
- */
-@Component
-public class ProtoMapper {
-    // ========== Item ==========
-    public com.example.production.grpc.Item toProto(Item domain) {
-        return com.example.production.grpc.Item.newBuilder()
-            .setItemCode(domain.getItemCode())
-            .setEffectiveDate(toProtoDate(domain.getEffectiveDate()))
-            .setItemName(domain.getItemName())
-            .setCategory(toProtoCategory(domain.getCategory()))
-            .setItemGroupCode(nullToEmpty(domain.getItemGroupCode()))
-            .setUnitCode(nullToEmpty(domain.getUnitCode()))
-            .setLocationCode(nullToEmpty(domain.getLocationCode()))
-            .setLeadTime(nullToZero(domain.getLeadTime()))
-            .setSafetyStock(nullToZero(domain.getSafetyStock()))
-            .build();
-    }
-    public Item toDomain(CreateItemRequest request) {
-        return Item.builder()
-            .itemCode(request.getItemCode())
-            .effectiveDate(LocalDate.now())
-            .itemName(request.getItemName())
-            .category(toDomainCategory(request.getCategory()))
-            .itemGroupCode(emptyToNull(request.getItemGroupCode()))
-            .unitCode(emptyToNull(request.getUnitCode()))
-            .locationCode(emptyToNull(request.getLocationCode()))
-            .leadTime(zeroToNull(request.getLeadTime()))
-            .safetyStock(zeroToNull(request.getSafetyStock()))
-            .build();
-    }
-    // ========== Date ==========
-    public Date toProtoDate(LocalDate date) {
-        if (date == null) {
-            return Date.getDefaultInstance();
-        }
-        return Date.newBuilder()
-            .setYear(date.getYear())
-            .setMonth(date.getMonthValue())
-            .setDay(date.getDayOfMonth())
-            .build();
-    }
-    public LocalDate toDomainDate(Date protoDate) {
-        if (protoDate.getYear() == 0) {
-            return null;
-        }
-        return LocalDate.of(
-            protoDate.getYear(),
-            protoDate.getMonth(),
-            protoDate.getDay()
-        );
-    }
-    // ========== Decimal ==========
-    public Decimal toProtoDecimal(BigDecimal value) {
-        if (value == null) {
-            return Decimal.getDefaultInstance();
-        }
-        return Decimal.newBuilder()
-            .setValue(value.toPlainString())
-            .build();
-    }
-    public BigDecimal toDomainDecimal(Decimal protoDecimal) {
-        if (protoDecimal.getValue().isEmpty()) {
-            return null;
-        }
-        return new BigDecimal(protoDecimal.getValue());
-    }
-    // ========== ItemCategory ==========
-    public com.example.production.grpc.ItemCategory toProtoCategory(ItemCategory domain) {
-        if (domain == null) {
-            return com.example.production.grpc.ItemCategory.ITEM_CATEGORY_UNSPECIFIED;
-        }
-        return switch (domain) {
-            case PRODUCT -> com.example.production.grpc.ItemCategory.PRODUCT;
-            case SEMI_PRODUCT -> com.example.production.grpc.ItemCategory.SEMI_PRODUCT;
-            case PART -> com.example.production.grpc.ItemCategory.PART;
-            case MATERIAL -> com.example.production.grpc.ItemCategory.MATERIAL;
-        };
-    }
-    public ItemCategory toDomainCategory(com.example.production.grpc.ItemCategory proto) {
-        return switch (proto) {
-            case PRODUCT -> ItemCategory.PRODUCT;
-            case SEMI_PRODUCT -> ItemCategory.SEMI_PRODUCT;
-            case PART -> ItemCategory.PART;
-            case MATERIAL -> ItemCategory.MATERIAL;
-            default -> null;
-        };
-    }
-    // ========== Utility ==========
-    private String nullToEmpty(String value) {
-        return value == null ? "" : value;
-    }
-    private String emptyToNull(String value) {
-        return value == null || value.isEmpty() ? null : value;
-    }
-    private int nullToZero(Integer value) {
-        return value == null ? 0 : value;
-    }
-    private Integer zeroToNull(int value) {
-        return value == 0 ? null : value;
-    }
-}
-```
-</details>
-### 43.2 品目 gRPC サービスの TDD 実装
-#### Red: 失敗するテストを書く
-<details>
-<summary>ItemGrpcServiceTest.java</summary>
-```java
-package com.example.production.infrastructure.grpc.service;
-import com.example.production.domain.model.item.Item;
-import com.example.production.domain.model.item.ItemCategory;
-import com.example.production.grpc.*;
-import com.example.production.infrastructure.persistence.mapper.ItemMapper;
-import io.grpc.ManagedChannel;
-import io.grpc.ManagedChannelBuilder;
-import io.grpc.StatusRuntimeException;
-import org.junit.jupiter.api.*;
-import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
-import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
-import org.springframework.test.context.DynamicPropertyRegistry;
-import org.springframework.test.context.DynamicPropertySource;
-import org.testcontainers.containers.PostgreSQLContainer;
-import org.testcontainers.junit.jupiter.Container;
-import org.testcontainers.junit.jupiter.Testcontainers;
-import java.time.LocalDate;
-import java.util.ArrayList;
-import java.util.Iterator;
-import java.util.List;
-import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
-import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
-import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.*;
-@SpringBootTest(properties = {
-    "grpc.server.port=9090",
-    "grpc.server.in-process-name=test"
-})
-@Testcontainers
-@DisplayName("品目 gRPC サービス")
-class ItemGrpcServiceTest {
-    @Container
-    static PostgreSQLContainer<?> postgres = new PostgreSQLContainer<>("postgres:16")
-        .withDatabaseName("production_test")
-        .withUsername("test")
-        .withPassword("test");
-    @DynamicPropertySource
-    static void configureProperties(DynamicPropertyRegistry registry) {
-        registry.add("spring.datasource.url", postgres::getJdbcUrl);
-        registry.add("spring.datasource.username", postgres::getUsername);
-        registry.add("spring.datasource.password", postgres::getPassword);
-    }
-    @Autowired
-    private ItemMapper itemMapper;
-    private ManagedChannel channel;
-    private ItemServiceGrpc.ItemServiceBlockingStub blockingStub;
-    private ItemServiceGrpc.ItemServiceStub asyncStub;
-    @BeforeEach
-    void setUp() {
-        channel = ManagedChannelBuilder.forAddress("localhost", 9090)
-            .usePlaintext()
-            .build();
-        blockingStub = ItemServiceGrpc.newBlockingStub(channel);
-        asyncStub = ItemServiceGrpc.newStub(channel);
-        // テストデータをクリア
-        itemMapper.deleteAll();
-    }
-    @AfterEach
-    void tearDown() {
-        channel.shutdownNow();
-    }
-    @Nested
-    @DisplayName("GetItem (Unary)")
-    class GetItemTests {
-        @Test
-        @DisplayName("品目コードで品目を取得できる")
-        void shouldGetItemByCode() {
-            // Arrange
-            insertTestItem("PROD-001", "テスト製品", ItemCategory.PRODUCT);
-            // Act
-            var request = GetItemRequest.newBuilder()
-                .setItemCode("PROD-001")
-                .build();
-            var response = blockingStub.getItem(request);
-            // Assert
-            assertThat(response.getItemCode()).isEqualTo("PROD-001");
-            assertThat(response.getItemName()).isEqualTo("テスト製品");
-            assertThat(response.getCategory())
-                .isEqualTo(com.example.production.grpc.ItemCategory.PRODUCT);
-        }
-        @Test
-        @DisplayName("存在しない品目はNOT_FOUNDを返す")
-        void shouldThrowNotFoundForNonExistentItem() {
-            var request = GetItemRequest.newBuilder()
-                .setItemCode("NOT-EXIST")
-                .build();
-            assertThatThrownBy(() -> blockingStub.getItem(request))
-                .isInstanceOf(StatusRuntimeException.class)
-                .hasMessageContaining("NOT_FOUND");
-        }
-    }
-    @Nested
-    @DisplayName("StreamItems (Server Streaming)")
-    class StreamItemsTests {
-        @Test
-        @DisplayName("品目一覧をストリームで取得できる")
-        void shouldStreamItems() {
-            // Arrange
-            for (int i = 1; i <= 5; i++) {
-                insertTestItem("ITEM-" + String.format("%03d", i),
-                    "品目" + i, ItemCategory.PRODUCT);
-            }
-            // Act
-            var request = GetItemsRequest.newBuilder().build();
-            Iterator<com.example.production.grpc.Item> iterator =
-                blockingStub.streamItems(request);
-            // Assert
-            List<com.example.production.grpc.Item> items = new ArrayList<>();
-            iterator.forEachRemaining(items::add);
-            assertThat(items).hasSize(5);
-        }
-    }
-    @Nested
-    @DisplayName("BatchCreateItems (Client Streaming)")
-    class BatchCreateItemsTests {
-        @Test
-        @DisplayName("バッチで品目を登録できる")
-        void shouldBatchCreateItems() throws InterruptedException {
-            CountDownLatch latch = new CountDownLatch(1);
-            final BatchCreateResponse[] result = new BatchCreateResponse[1];
-            var requestObserver = asyncStub.batchCreateItems(
-                new io.grpc.stub.StreamObserver<BatchCreateResponse>() {
-                    @Override
-                    public void onNext(BatchCreateResponse response) {
-                        result[0] = response;
-                    }
-                    @Override
-                    public void onError(Throwable t) {
-                        latch.countDown();
-                    }
-                    @Override
-                    public void onCompleted() {
-                        latch.countDown();
-                    }
-                });
-            // Act - 3件の品目を送信
-            for (int i = 1; i <= 3; i++) {
-                requestObserver.onNext(CreateItemRequest.newBuilder()
-                    .setItemCode("BATCH-" + String.format("%03d", i))
-                    .setItemName("バッチ品目" + i)
-                    .setCategory(com.example.production.grpc.ItemCategory.PRODUCT)
-                    .build());
-            }
-            requestObserver.onCompleted();
-            // Assert
-            assertThat(latch.await(5, TimeUnit.SECONDS)).isTrue();
-            assertThat(result[0].getSuccessCount()).isEqualTo(3);
-        }
-    }
-    private void insertTestItem(String code, String name, ItemCategory category) {
-        itemMapper.insert(Item.builder()
-            .itemCode(code)
-            .effectiveDate(LocalDate.of(2025, 1, 1))
-            .itemName(name)
-            .category(category)
-            .build());
-    }
-}
-```
-</details>
-#### Green: gRPC サービスの実装
-<details>
-<summary>ItemGrpcService.java</summary>
-```java
-package com.example.production.infrastructure.grpc.service;
-import com.example.production.application.port.in.*;
-import com.example.production.domain.exception.DuplicateItemException;
-import com.example.production.domain.exception.ItemNotFoundException;
-import com.example.production.domain.model.item.Item;
-import com.example.production.grpc.*;
-import com.example.production.infrastructure.grpc.mapper.ProtoMapper;
-import io.grpc.Status;
-import io.grpc.stub.StreamObserver;
-import net.devh.boot.grpc.server.service.GrpcService;
-import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;
-import java.util.ArrayList;
-import java.util.List;
-/**
- * 品目 gRPC サービス実装
- * 既存の ItemUseCase を Input Adapter として呼び出す
- */
-@GrpcService
-public class ItemGrpcService extends ItemServiceGrpc.ItemServiceImplBase {
-    private final ItemUseCase itemUseCase;  // 既存の UseCase を注入
-    private final ProtoMapper mapper;
-    public ItemGrpcService(ItemUseCase itemUseCase, ProtoMapper mapper) {
-        this.itemUseCase = itemUseCase;
-        this.mapper = mapper;
-    }
-    /**
-     * 品目取得（Unary RPC）
-     */
-    @Override
-    public void getItem(GetItemRequest request,
-                        StreamObserver<com.example.production.grpc.Item> responseObserver) {
-        try {
-            // 既存の UseCase を呼び出し
-            Item item = itemUseCase.getItemByCode(request.getItemCode());
-            responseObserver.onNext(mapper.toProto(item));
-            responseObserver.onCompleted();
-        } catch (ItemNotFoundException e) {
-            responseObserver.onError(Status.NOT_FOUND
-                .withDescription(e.getMessage())
-                .asRuntimeException());
-        }
-    }
-    /**
-     * 品目登録（Unary RPC）
-     */
-    @Override
-    @Transactional
-    public void createItem(CreateItemRequest request,
-                           StreamObserver<com.example.production.grpc.Item> responseObserver) {
-        try {
-            // Proto → Command 変換
-            CreateItemCommand command = CreateItemCommand.builder()
-                .itemCode(request.getItemCode())
-                .itemName(request.getItemName())
-                .category(mapper.toDomainCategory(request.getCategory()))
-                .itemGroupCode(emptyToNull(request.getItemGroupCode()))
-                .unitCode(emptyToNull(request.getUnitCode()))
-                .locationCode(emptyToNull(request.getLocationCode()))
-                .leadTime(zeroToNull(request.getLeadTime()))
-                .safetyStock(zeroToNull(request.getSafetyStock()))
-                .build();
-            // 既存の UseCase を呼び出し
-            Item item = itemUseCase.createItem(command);
-            responseObserver.onNext(mapper.toProto(item));
-            responseObserver.onCompleted();
-        } catch (DuplicateItemException e) {
-            responseObserver.onError(Status.ALREADY_EXISTS
-                .withDescription(e.getMessage())
-                .asRuntimeException());
-        }
-    }
-    /**
-     * 品目更新（Unary RPC）
-     */
-    @Override
-    @Transactional
-    public void updateItem(UpdateItemRequest request,
-                           StreamObserver<com.example.production.grpc.Item> responseObserver) {
-        try {
-            UpdateItemCommand command = UpdateItemCommand.builder()
-                .itemCode(request.getItemCode())
-                .itemName(emptyToNull(request.getItemName()))
-                .category(mapper.toDomainCategory(request.getCategory()))
-                .leadTime(zeroToNull(request.getLeadTime()))
-                .safetyStock(zeroToNull(request.getSafetyStock()))
-                .build();
-            Item item = itemUseCase.updateItem(command);
-            responseObserver.onNext(mapper.toProto(item));
-            responseObserver.onCompleted();
-        } catch (ItemNotFoundException e) {
-            responseObserver.onError(Status.NOT_FOUND
-                .withDescription(e.getMessage())
-                .asRuntimeException());
-        }
-    }
-    /**
-     * 品目削除（Unary RPC）
-     */
-    @Override
-    @Transactional
-    public void deleteItem(DeleteItemRequest request,
-                           StreamObserver<Empty> responseObserver) {
-        try {
-            itemUseCase.deleteItem(request.getItemCode());
-            responseObserver.onNext(Empty.getDefaultInstance());
-            responseObserver.onCompleted();
-        } catch (ItemNotFoundException e) {
-            responseObserver.onError(Status.NOT_FOUND
-                .withDescription(e.getMessage())
-                .asRuntimeException());
-        }
-    }
-    /**
-     * 品目一覧のストリーム配信（Server Streaming RPC）
-     */
-    @Override
-    public void streamItems(GetItemsRequest request,
-                            StreamObserver<com.example.production.grpc.Item> responseObserver) {
-        try {
-            List<Item> items;
-            if (request.getCategory() !=
-                    com.example.production.grpc.ItemCategory.ITEM_CATEGORY_UNSPECIFIED) {
-                items = itemUseCase.getItemsByCategory(
-                    mapper.toDomainCategory(request.getCategory()));
-            } else {
-                items = itemUseCase.getAllItems();
-            }
-            // ストリーミング配信
-            for (Item item : items) {
-                responseObserver.onNext(mapper.toProto(item));
-            }
-            responseObserver.onCompleted();
-        } catch (Exception e) {
-            responseObserver.onError(Status.INTERNAL
-                .withDescription(e.getMessage())
-                .asRuntimeException());
-        }
-    }
-    /**
-     * バッチ登録（Client Streaming RPC）
-     */
-    @Override
-    @Transactional
-    public StreamObserver<CreateItemRequest> batchCreateItems(
-            StreamObserver<BatchCreateResponse> responseObserver) {
-        return new StreamObserver<>() {
-            private final List<String> successCodes = new ArrayList<>();
-            private final List<String> failedCodes = new ArrayList<>();
-            @Override
-            public void onNext(CreateItemRequest request) {
-                try {
-                    CreateItemCommand command = CreateItemCommand.builder()
-                        .itemCode(request.getItemCode())
-                        .itemName(request.getItemName())
-                        .category(mapper.toDomainCategory(request.getCategory()))
-                        .build();
-                    itemUseCase.createItem(command);
-                    successCodes.add(request.getItemCode());
-                } catch (Exception e) {
-                    failedCodes.add(request.getItemCode());
-                }
-            }
-            @Override
-            public void onError(Throwable t) {
-                responseObserver.onError(Status.INTERNAL
-                    .withDescription(t.getMessage())
-                    .asRuntimeException());
-            }
-            @Override
-            public void onCompleted() {
-                responseObserver.onNext(BatchCreateResponse.newBuilder()
-                    .setSuccessCount(successCodes.size())
-                    .setFailedCount(failedCodes.size())
-                    .addAllFailedCodes(failedCodes)
-                    .build());
-                responseObserver.onCompleted();
-            }
-        };
-    }
-    private String emptyToNull(String value) {
-        return value == null || value.isEmpty() ? null : value;
-    }
-    private Integer zeroToNull(int value) {
-        return value == 0 ? null : value;
-    }
-}
-```
-</details>
-### 43.3 BOM gRPC サービスの実装
-<details>
-<summary>BomGrpcService.java</summary>
-```java
-package com.example.production.infrastructure.grpc.service;
-import com.example.production.application.service.BomNode;
-import com.example.production.application.service.BomService;
-import com.example.production.application.service.WhereUsedResult;
-import com.example.production.grpc.*;
-import com.example.production.infrastructure.grpc.mapper.ProtoMapper;
-import io.grpc.Status;
-import io.grpc.stub.StreamObserver;
-import net.devh.boot.grpc.server.service.GrpcService;
-import java.util.List;
-/**
- * BOM gRPC サービス実装
- * 既存の BomService を Input Adapter として呼び出す
- */
-@GrpcService
-public class BomGrpcService extends BomServiceGrpc.BomServiceImplBase {
-    private final BomService bomService;  // 既存のサービスを注入
-    private final ProtoMapper mapper;
-    public BomGrpcService(BomService bomService, ProtoMapper mapper) {
-        this.bomService = bomService;
-        this.mapper = mapper;
-    }
-    /**
-     * 部品展開（Server Streaming）
-     */
-    @Override
-    public void explodeBom(ExplodeBomRequest request,
-                           StreamObserver<com.example.production.grpc.BomNode> responseObserver) {
-        try {
-            BomNode root = bomService.explodeBom(request.getItemCode());
-            // 深さ優先でストリーミング配信
-            streamBomNode(root, responseObserver);
-            responseObserver.onCompleted();
-        } catch (Exception e) {
-            responseObserver.onError(Status.INTERNAL
-                .withDescription(e.getMessage())
-                .asRuntimeException());
-        }
-    }
-    private void streamBomNode(BomNode node,
-                               StreamObserver<com.example.production.grpc.BomNode> observer) {
-        observer.onNext(toProtoBomNode(node));
-        if (node.getChildren() != null) {
-            for (BomNode child : node.getChildren()) {
-                streamBomNode(child, observer);
-            }
-        }
-    }
-    private com.example.production.grpc.BomNode toProtoBomNode(BomNode domain) {
-        var builder = com.example.production.grpc.BomNode.newBuilder()
-            .setItemCode(domain.getItemCode())
-            .setItemName(domain.getItemName())
-            .setRequiredQuantity(mapper.toProtoDecimal(domain.getRequiredQuantity()))
-            .setLevel(domain.getLevel());
-        if (domain.getChildren() != null) {
-            for (BomNode child : domain.getChildren()) {
-                builder.addChildren(toProtoBomNode(child));
-            }
-        }
-        return builder.build();
-    }
-    /**
-     * 使用先照会
-     */
-    @Override
-    public void whereUsed(WhereUsedRequest request,
-                          StreamObserver<WhereUsedResponse> responseObserver) {
-        try {
-            List<WhereUsedResult> results = bomService.whereUsed(request.getItemCode());
-            var response = WhereUsedResponse.newBuilder();
-            for (WhereUsedResult result : results) {
-                response.addResults(com.example.production.grpc.WhereUsedResult.newBuilder()
-                    .setParentItemCode(result.getParentItemCode())
-                    .setItemName(result.getItemName())
-                    .setRequiredQuantity(mapper.toProtoDecimal(result.getRequiredQuantity()))
-                    .build());
-            }
-            responseObserver.onNext(response.build());
-            responseObserver.onCompleted();
-        } catch (Exception e) {
-            responseObserver.onError(Status.INTERNAL
-                .withDescription(e.getMessage())
-                .asRuntimeException());
-        }
-    }
-}
-```
-</details>
----
-## 第44章：トランザクション API の実装
-### 44.1 発注 gRPC サービス
-<details>
-<summary>src/main/proto/purchase_order.proto</summary>
-```protobuf
-syntax = "proto3";
-package production;
-import "common.proto";
-option java_package = "com.example.production.grpc";
-option java_multiple_files = true;
-// 発注ステータス
-enum OrderStatus {
-  ORDER_STATUS_UNSPECIFIED = 0;
-  DRAFT = 1;
-  CONFIRMED = 2;
-  CANCELLED = 3;
-  COMPLETED = 4;
-}
-// 発注ヘッダ
-message PurchaseOrder {
-  string order_number = 1;
-  string supplier_code = 2;
-  Date order_date = 3;
-  OrderStatus status = 4;
-  repeated PurchaseOrderDetail details = 5;
-  Decimal total_amount = 6;
-}
-// 発注明細
-message PurchaseOrderDetail {
-  int32 line_number = 1;
-  string item_code = 2;
-  Decimal order_quantity = 3;
-  Decimal unit_price = 4;
-  Date delivery_date = 5;
-  Decimal received_quantity = 6;
-}
-// リクエスト
-message GetOrderRequest {
-  string order_number = 1;
-}
-message GetOrdersRequest {
-  OrderStatus status = 1;
-  PageRequest page = 2;
-}
-message CreateOrderRequest {
-  string supplier_code = 1;
-  repeated CreateOrderDetailRequest details = 2;
-}
-message CreateOrderDetailRequest {
-  string item_code = 1;
-  Decimal order_quantity = 2;
-  Decimal unit_price = 3;
-  Date delivery_date = 4;
-}
-message ConfirmOrderRequest {
-  string order_number = 1;
-}
-// 入荷登録（双方向ストリーミング）
-message RecordReceivingRequest {
-  string order_number = 1;
-  int32 line_number = 2;
-  Decimal received_quantity = 3;
-  Date receiving_date = 4;
-}
-message RecordReceivingResponse {
-  string order_number = 1;
-  int32 line_number = 2;
-  Decimal total_received = 3;
-  bool is_completed = 4;
-}
-// 発注サービス
-service PurchaseOrderService {
-  rpc GetOrder(GetOrderRequest) returns (PurchaseOrder);
-  rpc StreamOrders(GetOrdersRequest) returns (stream PurchaseOrder);
-  rpc CreateOrder(CreateOrderRequest) returns (PurchaseOrder);
-  rpc ConfirmOrder(ConfirmOrderRequest) returns (PurchaseOrder);
-  rpc CancelOrder(GetOrderRequest) returns (Empty);
-  // 入荷登録（双方向ストリーミング）
-  rpc RecordReceiving(stream RecordReceivingRequest) returns (stream RecordReceivingResponse);
-}
-```
-</details>
-<details>
-<summary>PurchaseOrderGrpcService.java</summary>
-```java
-package com.example.production.infrastructure.grpc.service;
-import com.example.production.application.port.in.*;
-import com.example.production.domain.model.purchase.PurchaseOrder;
-import com.example.production.grpc.*;
-import com.example.production.infrastructure.grpc.mapper.ProtoMapper;
-import io.grpc.Status;
-import io.grpc.stub.StreamObserver;
-import net.devh.boot.grpc.server.service.GrpcService;
-import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;
-import java.util.List;
-/**
- * 発注 gRPC サービス実装
- * 既存の PurchaseOrderUseCase を Input Adapter として呼び出す
- */
-@GrpcService
-public class PurchaseOrderGrpcService
-        extends PurchaseOrderServiceGrpc.PurchaseOrderServiceImplBase {
-    private final PurchaseOrderUseCase useCase;  // 既存の UseCase
-    private final ProtoMapper mapper;
-    public PurchaseOrderGrpcService(PurchaseOrderUseCase useCase, ProtoMapper mapper) {
-        this.useCase = useCase;
-        this.mapper = mapper;
-    }
-    @Override
-    public void getOrder(GetOrderRequest request,
-                         StreamObserver<com.example.production.grpc.PurchaseOrder> responseObserver) {
-        try {
-            PurchaseOrder order = useCase.getOrder(request.getOrderNumber());
-            responseObserver.onNext(toProto(order));
-            responseObserver.onCompleted();
-        } catch (Exception e) {
-            responseObserver.onError(Status.NOT_FOUND
-                .withDescription(e.getMessage())
-                .asRuntimeException());
-        }
-    }
-    @Override
-    public void streamOrders(GetOrdersRequest request,
-                             StreamObserver<com.example.production.grpc.PurchaseOrder> responseObserver) {
-        try {
-            List<PurchaseOrder> orders = useCase.getAllOrders();
-            for (PurchaseOrder order : orders) {
-                responseObserver.onNext(toProto(order));
-            }
-            responseObserver.onCompleted();
-        } catch (Exception e) {
-            responseObserver.onError(Status.INTERNAL
-                .withDescription(e.getMessage())
-                .asRuntimeException());
-        }
-    }
-    @Override
-    @Transactional
-    public void createOrder(CreateOrderRequest request,
-                            StreamObserver<com.example.production.grpc.PurchaseOrder> responseObserver) {
-        try {
-            CreatePurchaseOrderCommand command = CreatePurchaseOrderCommand.builder()
-                .supplierCode(request.getSupplierCode())
-                .details(request.getDetailsList().stream()
-                    .map(d -> CreatePurchaseOrderCommand.PurchaseOrderDetailCommand.builder()
-                        .itemCode(d.getItemCode())
-                        .orderQuantity(mapper.toDomainDecimal(d.getOrderQuantity()))
-                        .unitPrice(mapper.toDomainDecimal(d.getUnitPrice()))
-                        .deliveryDate(mapper.toDomainDate(d.getDeliveryDate()))
-                        .build())
-                    .toList())
-                .build();
-            PurchaseOrder order = useCase.createOrder(command);
-            responseObserver.onNext(toProto(order));
-            responseObserver.onCompleted();
-        } catch (Exception e) {
-            responseObserver.onError(Status.INTERNAL
-                .withDescription(e.getMessage())
-                .asRuntimeException());
-        }
-    }
-    /**
-     * 入荷登録（双方向ストリーミング）
-     */
-    @Override
-    public StreamObserver<RecordReceivingRequest> recordReceiving(
-            StreamObserver<RecordReceivingResponse> responseObserver) {
-        return new StreamObserver<>() {
-            @Override
-            public void onNext(RecordReceivingRequest request) {
-                try {
-                    var result = useCase.recordReceiving(
-                        request.getOrderNumber(),
-                        request.getLineNumber(),
-                        mapper.toDomainDecimal(request.getReceivedQuantity()),
-                        mapper.toDomainDate(request.getReceivingDate())
-                    );
-                    // 即座にレスポンス
-                    responseObserver.onNext(RecordReceivingResponse.newBuilder()
-                        .setOrderNumber(request.getOrderNumber())
-                        .setLineNumber(request.getLineNumber())
-                        .setTotalReceived(mapper.toProtoDecimal(result.getTotalReceived()))
-                        .setIsCompleted(result.isCompleted())
-                        .build());
-                } catch (Exception e) {
-                    responseObserver.onNext(RecordReceivingResponse.newBuilder()
-                        .setOrderNumber(request.getOrderNumber())
-                        .setLineNumber(request.getLineNumber())
-                        .setIsCompleted(false)
-                        .build());
-                }
-            }
-            @Override
-            public void onError(Throwable t) {
-                responseObserver.onError(Status.INTERNAL
-                    .withDescription(t.getMessage())
-                    .asRuntimeException());
-            }
-            @Override
-            public void onCompleted() {
-                responseObserver.onCompleted();
-            }
-        };
-    }
-    private com.example.production.grpc.PurchaseOrder toProto(PurchaseOrder domain) {
-        var builder = com.example.production.grpc.PurchaseOrder.newBuilder()
-            .setOrderNumber(domain.getOrderNumber())
-            .setSupplierCode(domain.getSupplierCode())
-            .setOrderDate(mapper.toProtoDate(domain.getOrderDate()))
-            .setStatus(toProtoStatus(domain.getStatus()))
-            .setTotalAmount(mapper.toProtoDecimal(domain.getTotalAmount()));
-        if (domain.getDetails() != null) {
-            for (var detail : domain.getDetails()) {
-                builder.addDetails(PurchaseOrderDetail.newBuilder()
-                    .setLineNumber(detail.getLineNumber())
-                    .setItemCode(detail.getItemCode())
-                    .setOrderQuantity(mapper.toProtoDecimal(detail.getOrderQuantity()))
-                    .setUnitPrice(mapper.toProtoDecimal(detail.getUnitPrice()))
-                    .setDeliveryDate(mapper.toProtoDate(detail.getDeliveryDate()))
-                    .setReceivedQuantity(mapper.toProtoDecimal(detail.getReceivedQuantity()))
-                    .build());
-            }
-        }
-        return builder.build();
-    }
-    private OrderStatus toProtoStatus(
-            com.example.production.domain.model.purchase.OrderStatus domain) {
-        return switch (domain) {
-            case DRAFT -> OrderStatus.DRAFT;
-            case CONFIRMED -> OrderStatus.CONFIRMED;
-            case CANCELLED -> OrderStatus.CANCELLED;
-            case COMPLETED -> OrderStatus.COMPLETED;
-        };
-    }
-}
-```
-</details>
-### 44.2 MRP gRPC サービス
-<details>
-<summary>MrpGrpcService.java</summary>
-```java
-package com.example.production.infrastructure.grpc.service;
-import com.example.production.application.service.MrpService;
-import com.example.production.grpc.*;
-import com.example.production.infrastructure.grpc.mapper.ProtoMapper;
-import io.grpc.stub.StreamObserver;
-import net.devh.boot.grpc.server.service.GrpcService;
-import java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture;
-import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
-/**
- * MRP gRPC サービス実装
- * 既存の MrpService を Input Adapter として呼び出す
- */
-@GrpcService
-public class MrpGrpcService extends MrpServiceGrpc.MrpServiceImplBase {
-    private final MrpService mrpService;  // 既存のサービス
-    private final ProtoMapper mapper;
-    public MrpGrpcService(MrpService mrpService, ProtoMapper mapper) {
-        this.mrpService = mrpService;
-        this.mapper = mapper;
-    }
-    /**
-     * MRP 実行（進捗をストリーミング）
-     */
-    @Override
-    public void executeMrp(ExecuteMrpRequest request,
-                           StreamObserver<MrpProgress> responseObserver) {
-        var executor = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor();
-        CompletableFuture.runAsync(() -> {
-            try {
-                // フェーズ1: 需要取得
-                sendProgress(responseObserver, "需要取得", 0, 4,
-                    "基準生産計画から需要を取得中...");
-                // フェーズ2: BOM 展開
-                sendProgress(responseObserver, "BOM展開", 1, 4,
-                    "部品構成表を展開中...");
-                // フェーズ3: 正味所要量計算
-                sendProgress(responseObserver, "正味所要量計算", 2, 4,
-                    "在庫と照合して正味所要量を計算中...");
-                // フェーズ4: 計画オーダ生成
-                sendProgress(responseObserver, "計画オーダ生成", 3, 4,
-                    "ロットサイズを考慮して計画オーダを生成中...");
-                // 実際の MRP 実行
-                var startDate = mapper.toDomainDate(request.getStartDate());
-                var endDate = mapper.toDomainDate(request.getEndDate());
-                mrpService.execute(startDate, endDate);
-                // 完了
-                sendProgress(responseObserver, "完了", 4, 4,
-                    "MRP 実行が完了しました");
-                responseObserver.onCompleted();
-            } catch (Exception e) {
-                responseObserver.onError(io.grpc.Status.INTERNAL
-                    .withDescription(e.getMessage())
-                    .asRuntimeException());
-            }
-        }, executor).whenComplete((v, t) -> executor.shutdown());
-    }
-    private void sendProgress(StreamObserver<MrpProgress> observer,
-                              String phase, int current, int total, String message) {
-        observer.onNext(MrpProgress.newBuilder()
-            .setPhase(phase)
-            .setCurrent(current)
-            .setTotal(total)
-            .setMessage(message)
-            .build());
-    }
-    /**
-     * MRP 実行（同期）
-     */
-    @Override
-    public void executeMrpSync(ExecuteMrpRequest request,
-                               StreamObserver<MrpResult> responseObserver) {
-        try {
-            var startDate = mapper.toDomainDate(request.getStartDate());
-            var endDate = mapper.toDomainDate(request.getEndDate());
-            long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
-            var result = mrpService.execute(startDate, endDate);
-            long executionTime = System.currentTimeMillis() - startTime;
-            var response = MrpResult.newBuilder()
-                .setPeriodStart(request.getStartDate())
-                .setPeriodEnd(request.getEndDate())
-                .setStatistics(MrpStatistics.newBuilder()
-                    .setTotalItemsProcessed(result.getPlannedOrders().size())
-                    .setShortageItemCount(result.getShortageItems().size())
-                    .setExecutionTimeMs(executionTime)
-                    .build());
-            for (var order : result.getPlannedOrders()) {
-                response.addPlannedOrders(toProtoPlannedOrder(order));
-            }
-            for (var item : result.getShortageItems()) {
-                response.addShortageItems(toProtoShortageItem(item));
-            }
-            responseObserver.onNext(response.build());
-            responseObserver.onCompleted();
-        } catch (Exception e) {
-            responseObserver.onError(io.grpc.Status.INTERNAL
-                .withDescription(e.getMessage())
-                .asRuntimeException());
-        }
-    }
-    private PlannedOrder toProtoPlannedOrder(
-            com.example.production.application.service.PlannedOrder domain) {
-        return PlannedOrder.newBuilder()
-            .setItemCode(domain.getItemCode())
-            .setItemName(domain.getItemName())
-            .setQuantity(mapper.toProtoDecimal(domain.getQuantity()))
-            .setDueDate(mapper.toProtoDate(domain.getDueDate()))
-            .build();
-    }
-    private ShortageItem toProtoShortageItem(
-            com.example.production.application.service.ShortageItem domain) {
-        return ShortageItem.newBuilder()
-            .setItemCode(domain.getItemCode())
-            .setItemName(domain.getItemName())
-            .setShortageQuantity(mapper.toProtoDecimal(domain.getShortageQuantity()))
-            .setRecommendedOrderDate(mapper.toProtoDate(domain.getRecommendedOrderDate()))
-            .build();
-    }
-}
-```
-</details>
----
-## 第45章：エラーハンドリングとストリーミング
-### 45.1 gRPC ステータスコード
-gRPC は標準化されたステータスコードを使用します：
-| コード | 説明 | 使用例 |
-|--------|------|--------|
-| `OK` | 成功 | 正常完了 |
-| `INVALID_ARGUMENT` | 無効な引数 | バリデーションエラー |
-| `NOT_FOUND` | 見つからない | 品目が存在しない |
-| `ALREADY_EXISTS` | 既に存在 | 品目コード重複 |
-| `FAILED_PRECONDITION` | 前提条件エラー | 発注確定済みの取消 |
-| `INTERNAL` | 内部エラー | サーバー側エラー |
-### 45.2 グローバルインターセプター
-<details>
-<summary>LoggingInterceptor.java</summary>
-```java
-package com.example.production.infrastructure.grpc.interceptor;
-import io.grpc.*;
-import net.devh.boot.grpc.server.interceptor.GrpcGlobalServerInterceptor;
-import org.slf4j.Logger;
-import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
-import java.time.Duration;
-import java.time.Instant;
-/**
- * ロギング & エラーハンドリングインターセプター
- */
-@GrpcGlobalServerInterceptor
-public class LoggingInterceptor implements ServerInterceptor {
-    private static final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(LoggingInterceptor.class);
-    @Override
-    public <ReqT, RespT> ServerCall.Listener<ReqT> interceptCall(
-            ServerCall<ReqT, RespT> call,
-            Metadata headers,
-            ServerCallHandler<ReqT, RespT> next) {
-        String methodName = call.getMethodDescriptor().getFullMethodName();
-        Instant startTime = Instant.now();
-        log.info("gRPC Request: {}", methodName);
-        ServerCall<ReqT, RespT> wrappedCall = new ForwardingServerCall
-                .SimpleForwardingServerCall<>(call) {
-            @Override
-            public void close(Status status, Metadata trailers) {
-                Duration duration = Duration.between(startTime, Instant.now());
-                log.info("gRPC Response: {} - Status: {} - Duration: {}ms",
-                    methodName, status.getCode(), duration.toMillis());
-                super.close(status, trailers);
-            }
-        };
-        return next.startCall(wrappedCall, headers);
-    }
-}
-```
-</details>
-### 45.3 ヘルスチェックの実装
-<details>
-<summary>HealthGrpcService.java</summary>
-```java
-package com.example.production.infrastructure.grpc.service;
-import io.grpc.health.v1.HealthCheckRequest;
-import io.grpc.health.v1.HealthCheckResponse;
-import io.grpc.health.v1.HealthGrpc;
-import io.grpc.stub.StreamObserver;
-import net.devh.boot.grpc.server.service.GrpcService;
-import javax.sql.DataSource;
-import java.sql.Connection;
-/**
- * gRPC ヘルスチェックサービス
- */
-@GrpcService
-public class HealthGrpcService extends HealthGrpc.HealthImplBase {
-    private final DataSource dataSource;
-    public HealthGrpcService(DataSource dataSource) {
-        this.dataSource = dataSource;
-    }
-    @Override
-    public void check(HealthCheckRequest request,
-                      StreamObserver<HealthCheckResponse> responseObserver) {
-        HealthCheckResponse.ServingStatus status = checkHealth()
-            ? HealthCheckResponse.ServingStatus.SERVING
-            : HealthCheckResponse.ServingStatus.NOT_SERVING;
-        responseObserver.onNext(HealthCheckResponse.newBuilder()
-            .setStatus(status)
-            .build());
-        responseObserver.onCompleted();
-    }
-    private boolean checkHealth() {
-        try (Connection conn = dataSource.getConnection()) {
-            return conn.isValid(5);
-        } catch (Exception e) {
-            return false;
-        }
-    }
-}
-```
-</details>
-### 45.4 設定ファイル
-<details>
-<summary>application.yml（gRPC 追加設定）</summary>
-```yaml
-grpc:
-  server:
-    port: 9090
-    reflection-service-enabled: true  # 開発時にリフレクション有効化
-# 既存の設定はそのまま
-spring:
-  datasource:
-    url: jdbc:postgresql://localhost:5432/production
-    username: postgres
-    password: postgres
-mybatis:
-  mapper-locations: classpath:mapper/*.xml
-```
-</details>
-### 45.5 gRPC クライアントからの呼び出し
-```bash
-# サービス一覧
-grpcurl -plaintext localhost:9090 list
-# 品目取得
-grpcurl -plaintext -d '{"item_code": "PROD-001"}' \
-  localhost:9090 production.ItemService/GetItem
-# 品目一覧（ストリーミング）
-grpcurl -plaintext \
-  localhost:9090 production.ItemService/StreamItems
-```
----
-## まとめ
-本研究では、gRPC による生産管理システム API を実装しました。
-### API サーバー版との比較
-| 観点 | REST API（第32章） | gRPC（本研究） |
-|------|-------------------|-----------------|
-| **プロトコル** | HTTP/1.1 + JSON | HTTP/2 + Protobuf |
-| **スキーマ** | OpenAPI（任意） | .proto（必須） |
-| **ストリーミング** | WebSocket 別実装 | ネイティブ |
-| **パフォーマンス** | 標準 | 高速 |
-| **ドメイン層** | 共有 | 共有 |
-| **アプリケーション層** | 共有 | 共有 |
-| **Input Adapter** | REST Controller | gRPC Service |
-### 実装した gRPC サービス
-| サービス | メソッド | パターン |
-|---------|---------|---------|
-| **ItemService** | GetItem, CreateItem, UpdateItem, DeleteItem | Unary |
-| | StreamItems | Server Streaming |
-| | BatchCreateItems | Client Streaming |
-| **BomService** | ExplodeBom | Server Streaming |
-| | WhereUsed | Unary |
-| **PurchaseOrderService** | GetOrder, CreateOrder, ConfirmOrder | Unary |
-| | StreamOrders | Server Streaming |
-| | RecordReceiving | Bidirectional |
-| **MrpService** | ExecuteMrp | Server Streaming |
-| | ExecuteMrpSync | Unary |
-### 技術スタック
-- **grpc-spring-boot-starter**: Spring Boot 統合
-- **Protocol Buffers 3**: スキーマ定義
-- **io.grpc**: gRPC Java 実装
-- **gRPC Health Check**: ヘルスチェック
-### gRPC を選択すべき場面
-1. **マイクロサービス間通信**: 高パフォーマンスが必要
-2. **リアルタイム通信**: 進捗通知、チャット等
-3. **大量データ転送**: ストリーミングで効率的に
-4. **多言語クライアント**: Proto からコード生成
-5. **型安全性重視**: スキーマ駆動開発
----
-[目次へ戻る](../index.md)
+# 実践データベース設計：生産管理システム 研究 3 - gRPC サービスの実装
+## はじめに
+本研究では、API サーバー構成（第32章）とは異なるアプローチとして、**gRPC** による生産管理システムを実装します。Protocol Buffers によるスキーマ駆動開発と HTTP/2 の双方向ストリーミングを活用した、高性能な API を構築します。
+第32章で構築したヘキサゴナルアーキテクチャ（ドメイン層・アプリケーション層）はそのまま共有し、**Input Adapter として gRPC サービス層のみを追加**します。
+---
+## 第42章：gRPC サーバーの基礎
+### 42.1 gRPC とは
+gRPC は Google が開発した高性能な RPC（Remote Procedure Call）フレームワークです。Protocol Buffers をインターフェース定義言語（IDL）として使用し、HTTP/2 上で動作します。
+```plantuml
+@startuml grpc_architecture
+!define RECTANGLE class
+skinparam backgroundColor #FEFEFE
+package "gRPC Architecture (生産管理システム)" {
+  package "Client Side" {
+    RECTANGLE "gRPC Client\n(Java/Kotlin/Go)" as client {
+      - ItemServiceStub
+      - PurchaseOrderServiceStub
+      - MrpServiceStub
+    }
+  }
+  package "Server Side" {
+    RECTANGLE "gRPC Server\n(Spring Boot + grpc-spring-boot-starter)" as server {
+      - ItemGrpcService
+      - PurchaseOrderGrpcService
+      - MrpGrpcService
+    }
+  }
+  package "Shared" {
+    RECTANGLE "Protocol Buffers\n(.proto files)" as proto {
+      - item.proto
+      - purchase_order.proto
+      - mrp.proto
+    }
+  }
+}
+client --> proto : "生成されたStub\nを使用"
+server --> proto : "生成されたService\nを実装"
+client <--> server : "HTTP/2\n(双方向ストリーミング)"
+note bottom of proto
+  スキーマ駆動開発
+  型安全な通信
+  言語間相互運用性
+end note
+@enduml
+```
+**REST API との比較：**
+| 特徴 | REST API | gRPC |
+|------|----------|------|
+| プロトコル | HTTP/1.1 | HTTP/2 |
+| データ形式 | JSON (テキスト) | Protocol Buffers (バイナリ) |
+| スキーマ | OpenAPI (任意) | .proto (必須) |
+| ストリーミング | WebSocket 別実装 | ネイティブサポート |
+| コード生成 | 手動/ツール | 自動生成 |
+| パフォーマンス | 標準 | 高速 |
+### 42.2 4つの通信パターン
+gRPC は 4 つの通信パターンをサポートします：
+```plantuml
+@startuml grpc_patterns
+skinparam backgroundColor #FEFEFE
+rectangle "1. Unary RPC\n(単項)" as unary {
+  (Client) --> (Server) : Request
+  (Server) --> (Client) : Response
+}
+rectangle "2. Server Streaming\n(サーバーストリーミング)" as server_stream {
+  (Client2) --> (Server2) : Request
+  (Server2) --> (Client2) : Response 1
+  (Server2) --> (Client2) : Response 2
+  (Server2) --> (Client2) : Response N
+}
+rectangle "3. Client Streaming\n(クライアントストリーミング)" as client_stream {
+  (Client3) --> (Server3) : Request 1
+  (Client3) --> (Server3) : Request 2
+  (Client3) --> (Server3) : Request N
+  (Server3) --> (Client3) : Response
+}
+rectangle "4. Bidirectional Streaming\n(双方向ストリーミング)" as bidi {
+  (Client4) <--> (Server4) : Messages
+}
+@enduml
+```
+**用途：**
+1. **Unary RPC**: 通常の API 呼び出し（CRUD 操作）
+2. **Server Streaming**: 大量データの配信（MRP 実行結果）
+3. **Client Streaming**: バッチ登録（複数品目の一括登録）
+4. **Bidirectional Streaming**: リアルタイム通信（進捗監視）
+### 42.3 gRPC におけるヘキサゴナルアーキテクチャ
+gRPC を導入しても、第32章で構築したヘキサゴナルアーキテクチャ（ドメイン層・アプリケーション層）はそのまま共有し、**Input Adapter として gRPC サービス層のみを追加**します。
+```plantuml
+@startuml hexagonal_grpc
+!define RECTANGLE class
+package "Hexagonal Architecture (gRPC版)" {
+  RECTANGLE "Application Core\n(Domain + Use Cases)" as core {
+    - Item (品目)
+    - Bom (部品構成表)
+    - Order (オーダ)
+    - Stock (在庫)
+    - ItemUseCase
+    - OrderUseCase
+    - InventoryUseCase
+  }
+  RECTANGLE "Input Adapters\n(Driving Side)" as input {
+    - REST Controller（既存）
+    - gRPC Service（新規追加）
+    - Proto Mapper
+    - Interceptor
+  }
+  RECTANGLE "Output Adapters\n(Driven Side)" as output {
+    - MyBatis Repository
+    - Database Access
+    - Entity Mapping
+  }
+}
+input --> core : "Input Ports\n(Use Cases)"
+core --> output : "Output Ports\n(Repository Interfaces)"
+note top of core
+  既存のビジネスロジック
+  REST API 版と完全に共有
+  gRPC 固有のコードは含まない
+end note
+note left of input
+  gRPC サービスを
+  Input Adapter として追加
+  既存の REST API と共存可能
+end note
+note right of output
+  既存の Repository を
+  そのまま使用
+  変更不要
+end note
+@enduml
+```
+**gRPC でもヘキサゴナルアーキテクチャを維持する理由：**
+1. **再利用性**: 既存の UseCase/Repository をそのまま活用
+2. **並行運用**: REST API と gRPC API の両方を提供可能
+3. **テスト容易性**: ドメインロジックは通信プロトコルに依存しない
+4. **移行容易性**: 段階的に REST から gRPC へ移行可能
+### 42.4 ディレクトリ構成
+既存の構成に `infrastructure/grpc/` を追加するだけです。
+```
+src/main/java/com/example/production/
+├── domain/                     # ドメイン層（API版と共通）
+│   ├── model/
+│   │   ├── item/
+│   │   ├── bom/
+│   │   ├── order/
+│   │   └── inventory/
+│   └── exception/
+│
+├── application/               # アプリケーション層（API版と共通）
+│   ├── port/
+│   │   ├── in/               # Input Port（ユースケース）
+│   │   └── out/              # Output Port（リポジトリ）
+│   └── service/
+│
+├── infrastructure/
+│   ├── persistence/          # Output Adapter（DB実装）- 既存
+│   │   ├── mapper/
+│   │   └── repository/
+│   ├── rest/                 # Input Adapter（REST実装）- 既存
+│   │   ├── controller/
+│   │   ├── dto/
+│   │   └── exception/
+│   └── grpc/                 # Input Adapter（gRPC実装）- 新規追加
+│       ├── service/          # gRPC Service 実装
+│       ├── mapper/           # Proto ⇔ Domain 変換
+│       └── interceptor/      # 共通処理（ログ、エラー等）
+│
+├── config/
+│
+└── src/main/proto/            # Protocol Buffers 定義
+    ├── common.proto
+    ├── item.proto
+    ├── bom.proto
+    ├── purchase_order.proto
+    └── mrp.proto
+```
+### 42.5 技術スタックの追加
+既存の `build.gradle.kts` に gRPC 関連の依存関係を追加します。
+<details>
+<summary>build.gradle.kts（差分）</summary>
+```kotlin
+import com.google.protobuf.gradle.*
+plugins {
+    // 既存のプラグイン...
+    id("com.google.protobuf") version "0.9.4"  // 追加
+}
+dependencies {
+    // 既存の依存関係（Spring Boot, MyBatis, PostgreSQL等）はそのまま
+    // gRPC 関連を追加
+    implementation("net.devh:grpc-spring-boot-starter:3.0.0.RELEASE")
+    implementation("io.grpc:grpc-protobuf:1.60.0")
+    implementation("io.grpc:grpc-stub:1.60.0")
+    implementation("io.grpc:grpc-services:1.60.0")  // Health check, Reflection
+    // Protocol Buffers
+    implementation("com.google.protobuf:protobuf-java:3.25.1")
+    implementation("com.google.protobuf:protobuf-java-util:3.25.1")
+    // Test
+    testImplementation("io.grpc:grpc-testing:1.60.0")
+}
+// Protocol Buffers コンパイル設定
+protobuf {
+    protoc {
+        artifact = "com.google.protobuf:protoc:3.25.1"
+    }
+    plugins {
+        id("grpc") {
+            artifact = "io.grpc:protoc-gen-grpc-java:1.60.0"
+        }
+    }
+    generateProtoTasks {
+        all().forEach { task ->
+            task.plugins {
+                id("grpc")
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+```
+</details>
+**追加パッケージの説明：**
+| パッケージ | 用途 |
+|-----------|------|
+| grpc-spring-boot-starter | Spring Boot との統合 |
+| grpc-protobuf | Protocol Buffers サポート |
+| grpc-services | ヘルスチェック、リフレクション |
+| protobuf-java-util | JSON ⇔ Proto 変換 |
+### 38.6 Protocol Buffers 定義
+<details>
+<summary>src/main/proto/common.proto</summary>
+```protobuf
+syntax = "proto3";
+package production;
+option java_package = "com.example.production.grpc";
+option java_multiple_files = true;
+// 共通メッセージ
+message Empty {}
+message Timestamp {
+  int64 seconds = 1;
+  int32 nanos = 2;
+}
+message Date {
+  int32 year = 1;
+  int32 month = 2;
+  int32 day = 3;
+}
+message Decimal {
+  string value = 1;  // 文字列で精度を維持
+}
+message PageRequest {
+  int32 page = 1;
+  int32 size = 2;
+}
+message PageResponse {
+  int32 total_elements = 1;
+  int32 total_pages = 2;
+  int32 current_page = 3;
+}
+// エラーレスポンス
+message ErrorDetail {
+  string code = 1;
+  string message = 2;
+  map<string, string> metadata = 3;
+}
+```
+</details>
+<details>
+<summary>src/main/proto/item.proto</summary>
+```protobuf
+syntax = "proto3";
+package production;
+import "common.proto";
+option java_package = "com.example.production.grpc";
+option java_multiple_files = true;
+// 品目区分
+enum ItemCategory {
+  ITEM_CATEGORY_UNSPECIFIED = 0;
+  PRODUCT = 1;      // 製品
+  SEMI_PRODUCT = 2; // 半製品
+  PART = 3;         // 部品
+  MATERIAL = 4;     // 材料
+}
+// 品目メッセージ
+message Item {
+  string item_code = 1;
+  Date effective_date = 2;
+  string item_name = 3;
+  ItemCategory category = 4;
+  string item_group_code = 5;
+  string unit_code = 6;
+  string location_code = 7;
+  int32 lead_time = 8;
+  int32 safety_stock = 9;
+}
+// リクエスト/レスポンス
+message GetItemRequest {
+  string item_code = 1;
+}
+message GetItemsRequest {
+  ItemCategory category = 1;  // optional filter
+  PageRequest page = 2;
+}
+message GetItemsResponse {
+  repeated Item items = 1;
+  PageResponse page = 2;
+}
+message CreateItemRequest {
+  string item_code = 1;
+  string item_name = 2;
+  ItemCategory category = 3;
+  string item_group_code = 4;
+  string unit_code = 5;
+  string location_code = 6;
+  int32 lead_time = 7;
+  int32 safety_stock = 8;
+}
+message UpdateItemRequest {
+  string item_code = 1;
+  string item_name = 2;
+  ItemCategory category = 3;
+  int32 lead_time = 4;
+  int32 safety_stock = 5;
+}
+message DeleteItemRequest {
+  string item_code = 1;
+}
+message BatchCreateResponse {
+  int32 success_count = 1;
+  int32 failed_count = 2;
+  repeated string failed_codes = 3;
+}
+// 品目サービス
+service ItemService {
+  // Unary RPC
+  rpc GetItem(GetItemRequest) returns (Item);
+  rpc CreateItem(CreateItemRequest) returns (Item);
+  rpc UpdateItem(UpdateItemRequest) returns (Item);
+  rpc DeleteItem(DeleteItemRequest) returns (Empty);
+  // Server Streaming - 品目一覧のストリーム配信
+  rpc StreamItems(GetItemsRequest) returns (stream Item);
+  // Client Streaming - バッチ登録
+  rpc BatchCreateItems(stream CreateItemRequest) returns (BatchCreateResponse);
+}
+```
+</details>
+### 38.7 API サーバー版との Controller の違い
+**API サーバー版（REST Controller）**
+```java
+@RestController  // JSON を返す
+@RequestMapping("/api/items")
+public class ItemApiController {
+    private final ItemUseCase itemUseCase;  // 共有
+    @GetMapping("/{itemCode}")
+    public ResponseEntity<ItemResponse> getItem(@PathVariable String itemCode) {
+        Item item = itemUseCase.getItemByCode(itemCode);
+        return ResponseEntity.ok(ItemResponse.from(item));
+    }
+}
+```
+**gRPC 版（gRPC Service）**
+```java
+@GrpcService  // gRPC サービスとして公開
+public class ItemGrpcService extends ItemServiceGrpc.ItemServiceImplBase {
+    private final ItemUseCase itemUseCase;  // 共有（同じインスタンス）
+    private final ProtoMapper mapper;
+    @Override
+    public void getItem(GetItemRequest request,
+                        StreamObserver<Item> responseObserver) {
+        // 同じ UseCase を呼び出し
+        var item = itemUseCase.getItemByCode(request.getItemCode());
+        responseObserver.onNext(mapper.toProto(item));
+        responseObserver.onCompleted();
+    }
+}
+```
+**共通点と相違点：**
+| 観点 | REST Controller | gRPC Service |
+|------|-----------------|--------------|
+| **UseCase** | 共有（同一インスタンス） | 共有（同一インスタンス） |
+| **アノテーション** | `@RestController` | `@GrpcService` |
+| **リクエスト** | DTO（JSON） | Proto Message |
+| **レスポンス** | `ResponseEntity<T>` | `StreamObserver<T>` |
+| **変換** | DTO ⇔ Domain | Proto ⇔ Domain |
+| **エラー処理** | 例外ハンドラ | `Status` + `onError` |
+---
+## 第43章：マスタ API の実装
+### 43.1 Proto マッパーの実装
+既存のドメインモデルと Protocol Buffers メッセージ間の変換を行います。
+<details>
+<summary>ProtoMapper.java</summary>
+```java
+package com.example.production.infrastructure.grpc.mapper;
+import com.example.production.domain.model.item.Item;
+import com.example.production.domain.model.item.ItemCategory;
+import com.example.production.grpc.*;
+import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
+import java.math.BigDecimal;
+import java.time.LocalDate;
+/**
+ * ドメインモデルと Protocol Buffers メッセージ間の変換
+ */
+@Component
+public class ProtoMapper {
+    // ========== Item ==========
+    public com.example.production.grpc.Item toProto(Item domain) {
+        return com.example.production.grpc.Item.newBuilder()
+            .setItemCode(domain.getItemCode())
+            .setEffectiveDate(toProtoDate(domain.getEffectiveDate()))
+            .setItemName(domain.getItemName())
+            .setCategory(toProtoCategory(domain.getCategory()))
+            .setItemGroupCode(nullToEmpty(domain.getItemGroupCode()))
+            .setUnitCode(nullToEmpty(domain.getUnitCode()))
+            .setLocationCode(nullToEmpty(domain.getLocationCode()))
+            .setLeadTime(nullToZero(domain.getLeadTime()))
+            .setSafetyStock(nullToZero(domain.getSafetyStock()))
+            .build();
+    }
+    public Item toDomain(CreateItemRequest request) {
+        return Item.builder()
+            .itemCode(request.getItemCode())
+            .effectiveDate(LocalDate.now())
+            .itemName(request.getItemName())
+            .category(toDomainCategory(request.getCategory()))
+            .itemGroupCode(emptyToNull(request.getItemGroupCode()))
+            .unitCode(emptyToNull(request.getUnitCode()))
+            .locationCode(emptyToNull(request.getLocationCode()))
+            .leadTime(zeroToNull(request.getLeadTime()))
+            .safetyStock(zeroToNull(request.getSafetyStock()))
+            .build();
+    }
+    // ========== Date ==========
+    public Date toProtoDate(LocalDate date) {
+        if (date == null) {
+            return Date.getDefaultInstance();
+        }
+        return Date.newBuilder()
+            .setYear(date.getYear())
+            .setMonth(date.getMonthValue())
+            .setDay(date.getDayOfMonth())
+            .build();
+    }
+    public LocalDate toDomainDate(Date protoDate) {
+        if (protoDate.getYear() == 0) {
+            return null;
+        }
+        return LocalDate.of(
+            protoDate.getYear(),
+            protoDate.getMonth(),
+            protoDate.getDay()
+        );
+    }
+    // ========== Decimal ==========
+    public Decimal toProtoDecimal(BigDecimal value) {
+        if (value == null) {
+            return Decimal.getDefaultInstance();
+        }
+        return Decimal.newBuilder()
+            .setValue(value.toPlainString())
+            .build();
+    }
+    public BigDecimal toDomainDecimal(Decimal protoDecimal) {
+        if (protoDecimal.getValue().isEmpty()) {
+            return null;
+        }
+        return new BigDecimal(protoDecimal.getValue());
+    }
+    // ========== ItemCategory ==========
+    public com.example.production.grpc.ItemCategory toProtoCategory(ItemCategory domain) {
+        if (domain == null) {
+            return com.example.production.grpc.ItemCategory.ITEM_CATEGORY_UNSPECIFIED;
+        }
+        return switch (domain) {
+            case PRODUCT -> com.example.production.grpc.ItemCategory.PRODUCT;
+            case SEMI_PRODUCT -> com.example.production.grpc.ItemCategory.SEMI_PRODUCT;
+            case PART -> com.example.production.grpc.ItemCategory.PART;
+            case MATERIAL -> com.example.production.grpc.ItemCategory.MATERIAL;
+        };
+    }
+    public ItemCategory toDomainCategory(com.example.production.grpc.ItemCategory proto) {
+        return switch (proto) {
+            case PRODUCT -> ItemCategory.PRODUCT;
+            case SEMI_PRODUCT -> ItemCategory.SEMI_PRODUCT;
+            case PART -> ItemCategory.PART;
+            case MATERIAL -> ItemCategory.MATERIAL;
+            default -> null;
+        };
+    }
+    // ========== Utility ==========
+    private String nullToEmpty(String value) {
+        return value == null ? "" : value;
+    }
+    private String emptyToNull(String value) {
+        return value == null || value.isEmpty() ? null : value;
+    }
+    private int nullToZero(Integer value) {
+        return value == null ? 0 : value;
+    }
+    private Integer zeroToNull(int value) {
+        return value == 0 ? null : value;
+    }
+}
+```
+</details>
+### 43.2 品目 gRPC サービスの TDD 実装
+#### Red: 失敗するテストを書く
+<details>
+<summary>ItemGrpcServiceTest.java</summary>
+```java
+package com.example.production.infrastructure.grpc.service;
+import com.example.production.domain.model.item.Item;
+import com.example.production.domain.model.item.ItemCategory;
+import com.example.production.grpc.*;
+import com.example.production.infrastructure.persistence.mapper.ItemMapper;
+import io.grpc.ManagedChannel;
+import io.grpc.ManagedChannelBuilder;
+import io.grpc.StatusRuntimeException;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.*;
+import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
+import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
+import org.springframework.test.context.DynamicPropertyRegistry;
+import org.springframework.test.context.DynamicPropertySource;
+import org.testcontainers.containers.PostgreSQLContainer;
+import org.testcontainers.junit.jupiter.Container;
+import org.testcontainers.junit.jupiter.Testcontainers;
+import java.time.LocalDate;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Iterator;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
+import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.*;
+@SpringBootTest(properties = {
+    "grpc.server.port=9090",
+    "grpc.server.in-process-name=test"
+})
+@Testcontainers
+@DisplayName("品目 gRPC サービス")
+class ItemGrpcServiceTest {
+    @Container
+    static PostgreSQLContainer<?> postgres = new PostgreSQLContainer<>("postgres:16")
+        .withDatabaseName("production_test")
+        .withUsername("test")
+        .withPassword("test");
+    @DynamicPropertySource
+    static void configureProperties(DynamicPropertyRegistry registry) {
+        registry.add("spring.datasource.url", postgres::getJdbcUrl);
+        registry.add("spring.datasource.username", postgres::getUsername);
+        registry.add("spring.datasource.password", postgres::getPassword);
+    }
+    @Autowired
+    private ItemMapper itemMapper;
+    private ManagedChannel channel;
+    private ItemServiceGrpc.ItemServiceBlockingStub blockingStub;
+    private ItemServiceGrpc.ItemServiceStub asyncStub;
+    @BeforeEach
+    void setUp() {
+        channel = ManagedChannelBuilder.forAddress("localhost", 9090)
+            .usePlaintext()
+            .build();
+        blockingStub = ItemServiceGrpc.newBlockingStub(channel);
+        asyncStub = ItemServiceGrpc.newStub(channel);
+        // テストデータをクリア
+        itemMapper.deleteAll();
+    }
+    @AfterEach
+    void tearDown() {
+        channel.shutdownNow();
+    }
+    @Nested
+    @DisplayName("GetItem (Unary)")
+    class GetItemTests {
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("品目コードで品目を取得できる")
+        void shouldGetItemByCode() {
+            // Arrange
+            insertTestItem("PROD-001", "テスト製品", ItemCategory.PRODUCT);
+            // Act
+            var request = GetItemRequest.newBuilder()
+                .setItemCode("PROD-001")
+                .build();
+            var response = blockingStub.getItem(request);
+            // Assert
+            assertThat(response.getItemCode()).isEqualTo("PROD-001");
+            assertThat(response.getItemName()).isEqualTo("テスト製品");
+            assertThat(response.getCategory())
+                .isEqualTo(com.example.production.grpc.ItemCategory.PRODUCT);
+        }
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("存在しない品目はNOT_FOUNDを返す")
+        void shouldThrowNotFoundForNonExistentItem() {
+            var request = GetItemRequest.newBuilder()
+                .setItemCode("NOT-EXIST")
+                .build();
+            assertThatThrownBy(() -> blockingStub.getItem(request))
+                .isInstanceOf(StatusRuntimeException.class)
+                .hasMessageContaining("NOT_FOUND");
+        }
+    }
+    @Nested
+    @DisplayName("StreamItems (Server Streaming)")
+    class StreamItemsTests {
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("品目一覧をストリームで取得できる")
+        void shouldStreamItems() {
+            // Arrange
+            for (int i = 1; i <= 5; i++) {
+                insertTestItem("ITEM-" + String.format("%03d", i),
+                    "品目" + i, ItemCategory.PRODUCT);
+            }
+            // Act
+            var request = GetItemsRequest.newBuilder().build();
+            Iterator<com.example.production.grpc.Item> iterator =
+                blockingStub.streamItems(request);
+            // Assert
+            List<com.example.production.grpc.Item> items = new ArrayList<>();
+            iterator.forEachRemaining(items::add);
+            assertThat(items).hasSize(5);
+        }
+    }
+    @Nested
+    @DisplayName("BatchCreateItems (Client Streaming)")
+    class BatchCreateItemsTests {
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("バッチで品目を登録できる")
+        void shouldBatchCreateItems() throws InterruptedException {
+            CountDownLatch latch = new CountDownLatch(1);
+            final BatchCreateResponse[] result = new BatchCreateResponse[1];
+            var requestObserver = asyncStub.batchCreateItems(
+                new io.grpc.stub.StreamObserver<BatchCreateResponse>() {
+                    @Override
+                    public void onNext(BatchCreateResponse response) {
+                        result[0] = response;
+                    }
+                    @Override
+                    public void onError(Throwable t) {
+                        latch.countDown();
+                    }
+                    @Override
+                    public void onCompleted() {
+                        latch.countDown();
+                    }
+                });
+            // Act - 3件の品目を送信
+            for (int i = 1; i <= 3; i++) {
+                requestObserver.onNext(CreateItemRequest.newBuilder()
+                    .setItemCode("BATCH-" + String.format("%03d", i))
+                    .setItemName("バッチ品目" + i)
+                    .setCategory(com.example.production.grpc.ItemCategory.PRODUCT)
+                    .build());
+            }
+            requestObserver.onCompleted();
+            // Assert
+            assertThat(latch.await(5, TimeUnit.SECONDS)).isTrue();
+            assertThat(result[0].getSuccessCount()).isEqualTo(3);
+        }
+    }
+    private void insertTestItem(String code, String name, ItemCategory category) {
+        itemMapper.insert(Item.builder()
+            .itemCode(code)
+            .effectiveDate(LocalDate.of(2025, 1, 1))
+            .itemName(name)
+            .category(category)
+            .build());
+    }
+}
+```
+</details>
+#### Green: gRPC サービスの実装
+<details>
+<summary>ItemGrpcService.java</summary>
+```java
+package com.example.production.infrastructure.grpc.service;
+import com.example.production.application.port.in.*;
+import com.example.production.domain.exception.DuplicateItemException;
+import com.example.production.domain.exception.ItemNotFoundException;
+import com.example.production.domain.model.item.Item;
+import com.example.production.grpc.*;
+import com.example.production.infrastructure.grpc.mapper.ProtoMapper;
+import io.grpc.Status;
+import io.grpc.stub.StreamObserver;
+import net.devh.boot.grpc.server.service.GrpcService;
+import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+/**
+ * 品目 gRPC サービス実装
+ * 既存の ItemUseCase を Input Adapter として呼び出す
+ */
+@GrpcService
+public class ItemGrpcService extends ItemServiceGrpc.ItemServiceImplBase {
+    private final ItemUseCase itemUseCase;  // 既存の UseCase を注入
+    private final ProtoMapper mapper;
+    public ItemGrpcService(ItemUseCase itemUseCase, ProtoMapper mapper) {
+        this.itemUseCase = itemUseCase;
+        this.mapper = mapper;
+    }
+    /**
+     * 品目取得（Unary RPC）
+     */
+    @Override
+    public void getItem(GetItemRequest request,
+                        StreamObserver<com.example.production.grpc.Item> responseObserver) {
+        try {
+            // 既存の UseCase を呼び出し
+            Item item = itemUseCase.getItemByCode(request.getItemCode());
+            responseObserver.onNext(mapper.toProto(item));
+            responseObserver.onCompleted();
+        } catch (ItemNotFoundException e) {
+            responseObserver.onError(Status.NOT_FOUND
+                .withDescription(e.getMessage())
+                .asRuntimeException());
+        }
+    }
+    /**
+     * 品目登録（Unary RPC）
+     */
+    @Override
+    @Transactional
+    public void createItem(CreateItemRequest request,
+                           StreamObserver<com.example.production.grpc.Item> responseObserver) {
+        try {
+            // Proto → Command 変換
+            CreateItemCommand command = CreateItemCommand.builder()
+                .itemCode(request.getItemCode())
+                .itemName(request.getItemName())
+                .category(mapper.toDomainCategory(request.getCategory()))
+                .itemGroupCode(emptyToNull(request.getItemGroupCode()))
+                .unitCode(emptyToNull(request.getUnitCode()))
+                .locationCode(emptyToNull(request.getLocationCode()))
+                .leadTime(zeroToNull(request.getLeadTime()))
+                .safetyStock(zeroToNull(request.getSafetyStock()))
+                .build();
+            // 既存の UseCase を呼び出し
+            Item item = itemUseCase.createItem(command);
+            responseObserver.onNext(mapper.toProto(item));
+            responseObserver.onCompleted();
+        } catch (DuplicateItemException e) {
+            responseObserver.onError(Status.ALREADY_EXISTS
+                .withDescription(e.getMessage())
+                .asRuntimeException());
+        }
+    }
+    /**
+     * 品目更新（Unary RPC）
+     */
+    @Override
+    @Transactional
+    public void updateItem(UpdateItemRequest request,
+                           StreamObserver<com.example.production.grpc.Item> responseObserver) {
+        try {
+            UpdateItemCommand command = UpdateItemCommand.builder()
+                .itemCode(request.getItemCode())
+                .itemName(emptyToNull(request.getItemName()))
+                .category(mapper.toDomainCategory(request.getCategory()))
+                .leadTime(zeroToNull(request.getLeadTime()))
+                .safetyStock(zeroToNull(request.getSafetyStock()))
+                .build();
+            Item item = itemUseCase.updateItem(command);
+            responseObserver.onNext(mapper.toProto(item));
+            responseObserver.onCompleted();
+        } catch (ItemNotFoundException e) {
+            responseObserver.onError(Status.NOT_FOUND
+                .withDescription(e.getMessage())
+                .asRuntimeException());
+        }
+    }
+    /**
+     * 品目削除（Unary RPC）
+     */
+    @Override
+    @Transactional
+    public void deleteItem(DeleteItemRequest request,
+                           StreamObserver<Empty> responseObserver) {
+        try {
+            itemUseCase.deleteItem(request.getItemCode());
+            responseObserver.onNext(Empty.getDefaultInstance());
+            responseObserver.onCompleted();
+        } catch (ItemNotFoundException e) {
+            responseObserver.onError(Status.NOT_FOUND
+                .withDescription(e.getMessage())
+                .asRuntimeException());
+        }
+    }
+    /**
+     * 品目一覧のストリーム配信（Server Streaming RPC）
+     */
+    @Override
+    public void streamItems(GetItemsRequest request,
+                            StreamObserver<com.example.production.grpc.Item> responseObserver) {
+        try {
+            List<Item> items;
+            if (request.getCategory() !=
+                    com.example.production.grpc.ItemCategory.ITEM_CATEGORY_UNSPECIFIED) {
+                items = itemUseCase.getItemsByCategory(
+                    mapper.toDomainCategory(request.getCategory()));
+            } else {
+                items = itemUseCase.getAllItems();
+            }
+            // ストリーミング配信
+            for (Item item : items) {
+                responseObserver.onNext(mapper.toProto(item));
+            }
+            responseObserver.onCompleted();
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            responseObserver.onError(Status.INTERNAL
+                .withDescription(e.getMessage())
+                .asRuntimeException());
+        }
+    }
+    /**
+     * バッチ登録（Client Streaming RPC）
+     */
+    @Override
+    @Transactional
+    public StreamObserver<CreateItemRequest> batchCreateItems(
+            StreamObserver<BatchCreateResponse> responseObserver) {
+        return new StreamObserver<>() {
+            private final List<String> successCodes = new ArrayList<>();
+            private final List<String> failedCodes = new ArrayList<>();
+            @Override
+            public void onNext(CreateItemRequest request) {
+                try {
+                    CreateItemCommand command = CreateItemCommand.builder()
+                        .itemCode(request.getItemCode())
+                        .itemName(request.getItemName())
+                        .category(mapper.toDomainCategory(request.getCategory()))
+                        .build();
+                    itemUseCase.createItem(command);
+                    successCodes.add(request.getItemCode());
+                } catch (Exception e) {
+                    failedCodes.add(request.getItemCode());
+                }
+            }
+            @Override
+            public void onError(Throwable t) {
+                responseObserver.onError(Status.INTERNAL
+                    .withDescription(t.getMessage())
+                    .asRuntimeException());
+            }
+            @Override
+            public void onCompleted() {
+                responseObserver.onNext(BatchCreateResponse.newBuilder()
+                    .setSuccessCount(successCodes.size())
+                    .setFailedCount(failedCodes.size())
+                    .addAllFailedCodes(failedCodes)
+                    .build());
+                responseObserver.onCompleted();
+            }
+        };
+    }
+    private String emptyToNull(String value) {
+        return value == null || value.isEmpty() ? null : value;
+    }
+    private Integer zeroToNull(int value) {
+        return value == 0 ? null : value;
+    }
+}
+```
+</details>
+### 43.3 BOM gRPC サービスの実装
+<details>
+<summary>BomGrpcService.java</summary>
+```java
+package com.example.production.infrastructure.grpc.service;
+import com.example.production.application.service.BomNode;
+import com.example.production.application.service.BomService;
+import com.example.production.application.service.WhereUsedResult;
+import com.example.production.grpc.*;
+import com.example.production.infrastructure.grpc.mapper.ProtoMapper;
+import io.grpc.Status;
+import io.grpc.stub.StreamObserver;
+import net.devh.boot.grpc.server.service.GrpcService;
+import java.util.List;
+/**
+ * BOM gRPC サービス実装
+ * 既存の BomService を Input Adapter として呼び出す
+ */
+@GrpcService
+public class BomGrpcService extends BomServiceGrpc.BomServiceImplBase {
+    private final BomService bomService;  // 既存のサービスを注入
+    private final ProtoMapper mapper;
+    public BomGrpcService(BomService bomService, ProtoMapper mapper) {
+        this.bomService = bomService;
+        this.mapper = mapper;
+    }
+    /**
+     * 部品展開（Server Streaming）
+     */
+    @Override
+    public void explodeBom(ExplodeBomRequest request,
+                           StreamObserver<com.example.production.grpc.BomNode> responseObserver) {
+        try {
+            BomNode root = bomService.explodeBom(request.getItemCode());
+            // 深さ優先でストリーミング配信
+            streamBomNode(root, responseObserver);
+            responseObserver.onCompleted();
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            responseObserver.onError(Status.INTERNAL
+                .withDescription(e.getMessage())
+                .asRuntimeException());
+        }
+    }
+    private void streamBomNode(BomNode node,
+                               StreamObserver<com.example.production.grpc.BomNode> observer) {
+        observer.onNext(toProtoBomNode(node));
+        if (node.getChildren() != null) {
+            for (BomNode child : node.getChildren()) {
+                streamBomNode(child, observer);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    private com.example.production.grpc.BomNode toProtoBomNode(BomNode domain) {
+        var builder = com.example.production.grpc.BomNode.newBuilder()
+            .setItemCode(domain.getItemCode())
+            .setItemName(domain.getItemName())
+            .setRequiredQuantity(mapper.toProtoDecimal(domain.getRequiredQuantity()))
+            .setLevel(domain.getLevel());
+        if (domain.getChildren() != null) {
+            for (BomNode child : domain.getChildren()) {
+                builder.addChildren(toProtoBomNode(child));
+            }
+        }
+        return builder.build();
+    }
+    /**
+     * 使用先照会
+     */
+    @Override
+    public void whereUsed(WhereUsedRequest request,
+                          StreamObserver<WhereUsedResponse> responseObserver) {
+        try {
+            List<WhereUsedResult> results = bomService.whereUsed(request.getItemCode());
+            var response = WhereUsedResponse.newBuilder();
+            for (WhereUsedResult result : results) {
+                response.addResults(com.example.production.grpc.WhereUsedResult.newBuilder()
+                    .setParentItemCode(result.getParentItemCode())
+                    .setItemName(result.getItemName())
+                    .setRequiredQuantity(mapper.toProtoDecimal(result.getRequiredQuantity()))
+                    .build());
+            }
+            responseObserver.onNext(response.build());
+            responseObserver.onCompleted();
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            responseObserver.onError(Status.INTERNAL
+                .withDescription(e.getMessage())
+                .asRuntimeException());
+        }
+    }
+}
+```
+</details>
+---
+## 第44章：トランザクション API の実装
+### 44.1 発注 gRPC サービス
+<details>
+<summary>src/main/proto/purchase_order.proto</summary>
+```protobuf
+syntax = "proto3";
+package production;
+import "common.proto";
+option java_package = "com.example.production.grpc";
+option java_multiple_files = true;
+// 発注ステータス
+enum OrderStatus {
+  ORDER_STATUS_UNSPECIFIED = 0;
+  DRAFT = 1;
+  CONFIRMED = 2;
+  CANCELLED = 3;
+  COMPLETED = 4;
+}
+// 発注ヘッダ
+message PurchaseOrder {
+  string order_number = 1;
+  string supplier_code = 2;
+  Date order_date = 3;
+  OrderStatus status = 4;
+  repeated PurchaseOrderDetail details = 5;
+  Decimal total_amount = 6;
+}
+// 発注明細
+message PurchaseOrderDetail {
+  int32 line_number = 1;
+  string item_code = 2;
+  Decimal order_quantity = 3;
+  Decimal unit_price = 4;
+  Date delivery_date = 5;
+  Decimal received_quantity = 6;
+}
+// リクエスト
+message GetOrderRequest {
+  string order_number = 1;
+}
+message GetOrdersRequest {
+  OrderStatus status = 1;
+  PageRequest page = 2;
+}
+message CreateOrderRequest {
+  string supplier_code = 1;
+  repeated CreateOrderDetailRequest details = 2;
+}
+message CreateOrderDetailRequest {
+  string item_code = 1;
+  Decimal order_quantity = 2;
+  Decimal unit_price = 3;
+  Date delivery_date = 4;
+}
+message ConfirmOrderRequest {
+  string order_number = 1;
+}
+// 入荷登録（双方向ストリーミング）
+message RecordReceivingRequest {
+  string order_number = 1;
+  int32 line_number = 2;
+  Decimal received_quantity = 3;
+  Date receiving_date = 4;
+}
+message RecordReceivingResponse {
+  string order_number = 1;
+  int32 line_number = 2;
+  Decimal total_received = 3;
+  bool is_completed = 4;
+}
+// 発注サービス
+service PurchaseOrderService {
+  rpc GetOrder(GetOrderRequest) returns (PurchaseOrder);
+  rpc StreamOrders(GetOrdersRequest) returns (stream PurchaseOrder);
+  rpc CreateOrder(CreateOrderRequest) returns (PurchaseOrder);
+  rpc ConfirmOrder(ConfirmOrderRequest) returns (PurchaseOrder);
+  rpc CancelOrder(GetOrderRequest) returns (Empty);
+  // 入荷登録（双方向ストリーミング）
+  rpc RecordReceiving(stream RecordReceivingRequest) returns (stream RecordReceivingResponse);
+}
+```
+</details>
+<details>
+<summary>PurchaseOrderGrpcService.java</summary>
+```java
+package com.example.production.infrastructure.grpc.service;
+import com.example.production.application.port.in.*;
+import com.example.production.domain.model.purchase.PurchaseOrder;
+import com.example.production.grpc.*;
+import com.example.production.infrastructure.grpc.mapper.ProtoMapper;
+import io.grpc.Status;
+import io.grpc.stub.StreamObserver;
+import net.devh.boot.grpc.server.service.GrpcService;
+import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;
+import java.util.List;
+/**
+ * 発注 gRPC サービス実装
+ * 既存の PurchaseOrderUseCase を Input Adapter として呼び出す
+ */
+@GrpcService
+public class PurchaseOrderGrpcService
+        extends PurchaseOrderServiceGrpc.PurchaseOrderServiceImplBase {
+    private final PurchaseOrderUseCase useCase;  // 既存の UseCase
+    private final ProtoMapper mapper;
+    public PurchaseOrderGrpcService(PurchaseOrderUseCase useCase, ProtoMapper mapper) {
+        this.useCase = useCase;
+        this.mapper = mapper;
+    }
+    @Override
+    public void getOrder(GetOrderRequest request,
+                         StreamObserver<com.example.production.grpc.PurchaseOrder> responseObserver) {
+        try {
+            PurchaseOrder order = useCase.getOrder(request.getOrderNumber());
+            responseObserver.onNext(toProto(order));
+            responseObserver.onCompleted();
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            responseObserver.onError(Status.NOT_FOUND
+                .withDescription(e.getMessage())
+                .asRuntimeException());
+        }
+    }
+    @Override
+    public void streamOrders(GetOrdersRequest request,
+                             StreamObserver<com.example.production.grpc.PurchaseOrder> responseObserver) {
+        try {
+            List<PurchaseOrder> orders = useCase.getAllOrders();
+            for (PurchaseOrder order : orders) {
+                responseObserver.onNext(toProto(order));
+            }
+            responseObserver.onCompleted();
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            responseObserver.onError(Status.INTERNAL
+                .withDescription(e.getMessage())
+                .asRuntimeException());
+        }
+    }
+    @Override
+    @Transactional
+    public void createOrder(CreateOrderRequest request,
+                            StreamObserver<com.example.production.grpc.PurchaseOrder> responseObserver) {
+        try {
+            CreatePurchaseOrderCommand command = CreatePurchaseOrderCommand.builder()
+                .supplierCode(request.getSupplierCode())
+                .details(request.getDetailsList().stream()
+                    .map(d -> CreatePurchaseOrderCommand.PurchaseOrderDetailCommand.builder()
+                        .itemCode(d.getItemCode())
+                        .orderQuantity(mapper.toDomainDecimal(d.getOrderQuantity()))
+                        .unitPrice(mapper.toDomainDecimal(d.getUnitPrice()))
+                        .deliveryDate(mapper.toDomainDate(d.getDeliveryDate()))
+                        .build())
+                    .toList())
+                .build();
+            PurchaseOrder order = useCase.createOrder(command);
+            responseObserver.onNext(toProto(order));
+            responseObserver.onCompleted();
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            responseObserver.onError(Status.INTERNAL
+                .withDescription(e.getMessage())
+                .asRuntimeException());
+        }
+    }
+    /**
+     * 入荷登録（双方向ストリーミング）
+     */
+    @Override
+    public StreamObserver<RecordReceivingRequest> recordReceiving(
+            StreamObserver<RecordReceivingResponse> responseObserver) {
+        return new StreamObserver<>() {
+            @Override
+            public void onNext(RecordReceivingRequest request) {
+                try {
+                    var result = useCase.recordReceiving(
+                        request.getOrderNumber(),
+                        request.getLineNumber(),
+                        mapper.toDomainDecimal(request.getReceivedQuantity()),
+                        mapper.toDomainDate(request.getReceivingDate())
+                    );
+                    // 即座にレスポンス
+                    responseObserver.onNext(RecordReceivingResponse.newBuilder()
+                        .setOrderNumber(request.getOrderNumber())
+                        .setLineNumber(request.getLineNumber())
+                        .setTotalReceived(mapper.toProtoDecimal(result.getTotalReceived()))
+                        .setIsCompleted(result.isCompleted())
+                        .build());
+                } catch (Exception e) {
+                    responseObserver.onNext(RecordReceivingResponse.newBuilder()
+                        .setOrderNumber(request.getOrderNumber())
+                        .setLineNumber(request.getLineNumber())
+                        .setIsCompleted(false)
+                        .build());
+                }
+            }
+            @Override
+            public void onError(Throwable t) {
+                responseObserver.onError(Status.INTERNAL
+                    .withDescription(t.getMessage())
+                    .asRuntimeException());
+            }
+            @Override
+            public void onCompleted() {
+                responseObserver.onCompleted();
+            }
+        };
+    }
+    private com.example.production.grpc.PurchaseOrder toProto(PurchaseOrder domain) {
+        var builder = com.example.production.grpc.PurchaseOrder.newBuilder()
+            .setOrderNumber(domain.getOrderNumber())
+            .setSupplierCode(domain.getSupplierCode())
+            .setOrderDate(mapper.toProtoDate(domain.getOrderDate()))
+            .setStatus(toProtoStatus(domain.getStatus()))
+            .setTotalAmount(mapper.toProtoDecimal(domain.getTotalAmount()));
+        if (domain.getDetails() != null) {
+            for (var detail : domain.getDetails()) {
+                builder.addDetails(PurchaseOrderDetail.newBuilder()
+                    .setLineNumber(detail.getLineNumber())
+                    .setItemCode(detail.getItemCode())
+                    .setOrderQuantity(mapper.toProtoDecimal(detail.getOrderQuantity()))
+                    .setUnitPrice(mapper.toProtoDecimal(detail.getUnitPrice()))
+                    .setDeliveryDate(mapper.toProtoDate(detail.getDeliveryDate()))
+                    .setReceivedQuantity(mapper.toProtoDecimal(detail.getReceivedQuantity()))
+                    .build());
+            }
+        }
+        return builder.build();
+    }
+    private OrderStatus toProtoStatus(
+            com.example.production.domain.model.purchase.OrderStatus domain) {
+        return switch (domain) {
+            case DRAFT -> OrderStatus.DRAFT;
+            case CONFIRMED -> OrderStatus.CONFIRMED;
+            case CANCELLED -> OrderStatus.CANCELLED;
+            case COMPLETED -> OrderStatus.COMPLETED;
+        };
+    }
+}
+```
+</details>
+### 44.2 MRP gRPC サービス
+<details>
+<summary>MrpGrpcService.java</summary>
+```java
+package com.example.production.infrastructure.grpc.service;
+import com.example.production.application.service.MrpService;
+import com.example.production.grpc.*;
+import com.example.production.infrastructure.grpc.mapper.ProtoMapper;
+import io.grpc.stub.StreamObserver;
+import net.devh.boot.grpc.server.service.GrpcService;
+import java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture;
+import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
+/**
+ * MRP gRPC サービス実装
+ * 既存の MrpService を Input Adapter として呼び出す
+ */
+@GrpcService
+public class MrpGrpcService extends MrpServiceGrpc.MrpServiceImplBase {
+    private final MrpService mrpService;  // 既存のサービス
+    private final ProtoMapper mapper;
+    public MrpGrpcService(MrpService mrpService, ProtoMapper mapper) {
+        this.mrpService = mrpService;
+        this.mapper = mapper;
+    }
+    /**
+     * MRP 実行（進捗をストリーミング）
+     */
+    @Override
+    public void executeMrp(ExecuteMrpRequest request,
+                           StreamObserver<MrpProgress> responseObserver) {
+        var executor = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor();
+        CompletableFuture.runAsync(() -> {
+            try {
+                // フェーズ1: 需要取得
+                sendProgress(responseObserver, "需要取得", 0, 4,
+                    "基準生産計画から需要を取得中...");
+                // フェーズ2: BOM 展開
+                sendProgress(responseObserver, "BOM展開", 1, 4,
+                    "部品構成表を展開中...");
+                // フェーズ3: 正味所要量計算
+                sendProgress(responseObserver, "正味所要量計算", 2, 4,
+                    "在庫と照合して正味所要量を計算中...");
+                // フェーズ4: 計画オーダ生成
+                sendProgress(responseObserver, "計画オーダ生成", 3, 4,
+                    "ロットサイズを考慮して計画オーダを生成中...");
+                // 実際の MRP 実行
+                var startDate = mapper.toDomainDate(request.getStartDate());
+                var endDate = mapper.toDomainDate(request.getEndDate());
+                mrpService.execute(startDate, endDate);
+                // 完了
+                sendProgress(responseObserver, "完了", 4, 4,
+                    "MRP 実行が完了しました");
+                responseObserver.onCompleted();
+            } catch (Exception e) {
+                responseObserver.onError(io.grpc.Status.INTERNAL
+                    .withDescription(e.getMessage())
+                    .asRuntimeException());
+            }
+        }, executor).whenComplete((v, t) -> executor.shutdown());
+    }
+    private void sendProgress(StreamObserver<MrpProgress> observer,
+                              String phase, int current, int total, String message) {
+        observer.onNext(MrpProgress.newBuilder()
+            .setPhase(phase)
+            .setCurrent(current)
+            .setTotal(total)
+            .setMessage(message)
+            .build());
+    }
+    /**
+     * MRP 実行（同期）
+     */
+    @Override
+    public void executeMrpSync(ExecuteMrpRequest request,
+                               StreamObserver<MrpResult> responseObserver) {
+        try {
+            var startDate = mapper.toDomainDate(request.getStartDate());
+            var endDate = mapper.toDomainDate(request.getEndDate());
+            long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
+            var result = mrpService.execute(startDate, endDate);
+            long executionTime = System.currentTimeMillis() - startTime;
+            var response = MrpResult.newBuilder()
+                .setPeriodStart(request.getStartDate())
+                .setPeriodEnd(request.getEndDate())
+                .setStatistics(MrpStatistics.newBuilder()
+                    .setTotalItemsProcessed(result.getPlannedOrders().size())
+                    .setShortageItemCount(result.getShortageItems().size())
+                    .setExecutionTimeMs(executionTime)
+                    .build());
+            for (var order : result.getPlannedOrders()) {
+                response.addPlannedOrders(toProtoPlannedOrder(order));
+            }
+            for (var item : result.getShortageItems()) {
+                response.addShortageItems(toProtoShortageItem(item));
+            }
+            responseObserver.onNext(response.build());
+            responseObserver.onCompleted();
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            responseObserver.onError(io.grpc.Status.INTERNAL
+                .withDescription(e.getMessage())
+                .asRuntimeException());
+        }
+    }
+    private PlannedOrder toProtoPlannedOrder(
+            com.example.production.application.service.PlannedOrder domain) {
+        return PlannedOrder.newBuilder()
+            .setItemCode(domain.getItemCode())
+            .setItemName(domain.getItemName())
+            .setQuantity(mapper.toProtoDecimal(domain.getQuantity()))
+            .setDueDate(mapper.toProtoDate(domain.getDueDate()))
+            .build();
+    }
+    private ShortageItem toProtoShortageItem(
+            com.example.production.application.service.ShortageItem domain) {
+        return ShortageItem.newBuilder()
+            .setItemCode(domain.getItemCode())
+            .setItemName(domain.getItemName())
+            .setShortageQuantity(mapper.toProtoDecimal(domain.getShortageQuantity()))
+            .setRecommendedOrderDate(mapper.toProtoDate(domain.getRecommendedOrderDate()))
+            .build();
+    }
+}
+```
+</details>
+---
+## 第45章：エラーハンドリングとストリーミング
+### 45.1 gRPC ステータスコード
+gRPC は標準化されたステータスコードを使用します：
+| コード | 説明 | 使用例 |
+|--------|------|--------|
+| `OK` | 成功 | 正常完了 |
+| `INVALID_ARGUMENT` | 無効な引数 | バリデーションエラー |
+| `NOT_FOUND` | 見つからない | 品目が存在しない |
+| `ALREADY_EXISTS` | 既に存在 | 品目コード重複 |
+| `FAILED_PRECONDITION` | 前提条件エラー | 発注確定済みの取消 |
+| `INTERNAL` | 内部エラー | サーバー側エラー |
+### 45.2 グローバルインターセプター
+<details>
+<summary>LoggingInterceptor.java</summary>
+```java
+package com.example.production.infrastructure.grpc.interceptor;
+import io.grpc.*;
+import net.devh.boot.grpc.server.interceptor.GrpcGlobalServerInterceptor;
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
+import java.time.Duration;
+import java.time.Instant;
+/**
+ * ロギング & エラーハンドリングインターセプター
+ */
+@GrpcGlobalServerInterceptor
+public class LoggingInterceptor implements ServerInterceptor {
+    private static final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(LoggingInterceptor.class);
+    @Override
+    public <ReqT, RespT> ServerCall.Listener<ReqT> interceptCall(
+            ServerCall<ReqT, RespT> call,
+            Metadata headers,
+            ServerCallHandler<ReqT, RespT> next) {
+        String methodName = call.getMethodDescriptor().getFullMethodName();
+        Instant startTime = Instant.now();
+        log.info("gRPC Request: {}", methodName);
+        ServerCall<ReqT, RespT> wrappedCall = new ForwardingServerCall
+                .SimpleForwardingServerCall<>(call) {
+            @Override
+            public void close(Status status, Metadata trailers) {
+                Duration duration = Duration.between(startTime, Instant.now());
+                log.info("gRPC Response: {} - Status: {} - Duration: {}ms",
+                    methodName, status.getCode(), duration.toMillis());
+                super.close(status, trailers);
+            }
+        };
+        return next.startCall(wrappedCall, headers);
+    }
+}
+```
+</details>
+### 45.3 ヘルスチェックの実装
+<details>
+<summary>HealthGrpcService.java</summary>
+```java
+package com.example.production.infrastructure.grpc.service;
+import io.grpc.health.v1.HealthCheckRequest;
+import io.grpc.health.v1.HealthCheckResponse;
+import io.grpc.health.v1.HealthGrpc;
+import io.grpc.stub.StreamObserver;
+import net.devh.boot.grpc.server.service.GrpcService;
+import javax.sql.DataSource;
+import java.sql.Connection;
+/**
+ * gRPC ヘルスチェックサービス
+ */
+@GrpcService
+public class HealthGrpcService extends HealthGrpc.HealthImplBase {
+    private final DataSource dataSource;
+    public HealthGrpcService(DataSource dataSource) {
+        this.dataSource = dataSource;
+    }
+    @Override
+    public void check(HealthCheckRequest request,
+                      StreamObserver<HealthCheckResponse> responseObserver) {
+        HealthCheckResponse.ServingStatus status = checkHealth()
+            ? HealthCheckResponse.ServingStatus.SERVING
+            : HealthCheckResponse.ServingStatus.NOT_SERVING;
+        responseObserver.onNext(HealthCheckResponse.newBuilder()
+            .setStatus(status)
+            .build());
+        responseObserver.onCompleted();
+    }
+    private boolean checkHealth() {
+        try (Connection conn = dataSource.getConnection()) {
+            return conn.isValid(5);
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+}
+```
+</details>
+### 45.4 設定ファイル
+<details>
+<summary>application.yml（gRPC 追加設定）</summary>
+```yaml
+grpc:
+  server:
+    port: 9090
+    reflection-service-enabled: true  # 開発時にリフレクション有効化
+# 既存の設定はそのまま
+spring:
+  datasource:
+    url: jdbc:postgresql://localhost:5432/production
+    username: postgres
+    password: postgres
+mybatis:
+  mapper-locations: classpath:mapper/*.xml
+```
+</details>
+### 45.5 gRPC クライアントからの呼び出し
+```bash
+# サービス一覧
+grpcurl -plaintext localhost:9090 list
+# 品目取得
+grpcurl -plaintext -d '{"item_code": "PROD-001"}' \
+  localhost:9090 production.ItemService/GetItem
+# 品目一覧（ストリーミング）
+grpcurl -plaintext \
+  localhost:9090 production.ItemService/StreamItems
+```
+---
+## まとめ
+本研究では、gRPC による生産管理システム API を実装しました。
+### API サーバー版との比較
+| 観点 | REST API（第32章） | gRPC（本研究） |
+|------|-------------------|-----------------|
+| **プロトコル** | HTTP/1.1 + JSON | HTTP/2 + Protobuf |
+| **スキーマ** | OpenAPI（任意） | .proto（必須） |
+| **ストリーミング** | WebSocket 別実装 | ネイティブ |
+| **パフォーマンス** | 標準 | 高速 |
+| **ドメイン層** | 共有 | 共有 |
+| **アプリケーション層** | 共有 | 共有 |
+| **Input Adapter** | REST Controller | gRPC Service |
+### 実装した gRPC サービス
+| サービス | メソッド | パターン |
+|---------|---------|---------|
+| **ItemService** | GetItem, CreateItem, UpdateItem, DeleteItem | Unary |
+| | StreamItems | Server Streaming |
+| | BatchCreateItems | Client Streaming |
+| **BomService** | ExplodeBom | Server Streaming |
+| | WhereUsed | Unary |
+| **PurchaseOrderService** | GetOrder, CreateOrder, ConfirmOrder | Unary |
+| | StreamOrders | Server Streaming |
+| | RecordReceiving | Bidirectional |
+| **MrpService** | ExecuteMrp | Server Streaming |
+| | ExecuteMrpSync | Unary |
+### 技術スタック
+- **grpc-spring-boot-starter**: Spring Boot 統合
+- **Protocol Buffers 3**: スキーマ定義
+- **io.grpc**: gRPC Java 実装
+- **gRPC Health Check**: ヘルスチェック
+### gRPC を選択すべき場面
+1. **マイクロサービス間通信**: 高パフォーマンスが必要
+2. **リアルタイム通信**: 進捗通知、チャット等
+3. **大量データ転送**: ストリーミングで効率的に
+4. **多言語クライアント**: Proto からコード生成
+5. **型安全性重視**: スキーマ駆動開発
+---
+[目次へ戻る](../index.md)