@johnhenry/math 0.0.0

package/dist/Vec4.js

@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+/**
+ * Vec4 — a Euclidean 4D vector `(x, y, z, w)`.
+ *
+ * This is a genuine fourth *spatial* dimension (not time): all four
+ * components are treated symmetrically, exactly like {@link Quaternion}'s
+ * imaginary triple but one dimension further. Built to support 4D geometric
+ * algebra ({@link Bivector4}, {@link Rotor4}) for applications like simulating
+ * or rendering four-dimensional space.
+ */
+export class Vec4 {
+    x;
+    y;
+    z;
+    w;
+    static Zero = new Vec4(0, 0, 0, 0);
+    static Ex = new Vec4(1, 0, 0, 0);
+    static Ey = new Vec4(0, 1, 0, 0);
+    static Ez = new Vec4(0, 0, 1, 0);
+    static Ew = new Vec4(0, 0, 0, 1);
+    constructor(x = 0, y = 0, z = 0, w = 0) {
+        this.x = x;
+        this.y = y;
+        this.z = z;
+        this.w = w;
+    }
+    static of(x, y, z, w) {
+        return new Vec4(x, y, z, w);
+    }
+    add(v) {
+        return new Vec4(this.x + v.x, this.y + v.y, this.z + v.z, this.w + v.w);
+    }
+    subtract(v) {
+        return new Vec4(this.x - v.x, this.y - v.y, this.z - v.z, this.w - v.w);
+    }
+    scale(s) {
+        return new Vec4(this.x * s, this.y * s, this.z * s, this.w * s);
+    }
+    negate() {
+        return this.scale(-1);
+    }
+    /** Euclidean inner product. */
+    dot(v) {
+        return this.x * v.x + this.y * v.y + this.z * v.z + this.w * v.w;
+    }
+    get magnitude() {
+        return Math.hypot(this.x, this.y, this.z, this.w);
+    }
+    get magnitudeSquared() {
+        return this.dot(this);
+    }
+    normalize() {
+        const m = this.magnitude;
+        if (m === 0)
+            throw new Error("Cannot normalize the zero vector.");
+        return this.scale(1 / m);
+    }
+    lerp(v, t) {
+        return this.add(v.subtract(this).scale(t));
+    }
+    equals(v, epsilon = 0) {
+        if (epsilon === 0)
+            return this.x === v.x && this.y === v.y && this.z === v.z && this.w === v.w;
+        return (Math.abs(this.x - v.x) <= epsilon &&
+            Math.abs(this.y - v.y) <= epsilon &&
+            Math.abs(this.z - v.z) <= epsilon &&
+            Math.abs(this.w - v.w) <= epsilon);
+    }
+    /** The 3D subvector `(x, y, z)` obtained by dropping the w-axis — useful when reading out the current 3D "slice" of a 4D scene. */
+    dropW() {
+        return [this.x, this.y, this.z];
+    }
+    toArray() {
+        return [this.x, this.y, this.z, this.w];
+    }
+    static fromArray(a) {
+        return new Vec4(a[0], a[1], a[2], a[3]);
+    }
+    toString() {
+        return `(${this.x}, ${this.y}, ${this.z}, ${this.w})`;
+    }
+}
+//# sourceMappingURL=Vec4.js.map

package/dist/Vec4.js.map

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
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package/dist/Vector.d.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+/**
+ * Vector — an `Array` subclass that doubles as a mathematical vector / matrix row.
+ *
+ * Ported from Mallory's ActionScript `Vector` (`dynamic class Vector extends Array`).
+ * In the original the class was used both as a plain sequence container and, when
+ * nested (a Vector of Vectors), as a matrix. That dual role is preserved here.
+ *
+ * Modernisations & bug fixes relative to the AS3 original:
+ *  - `setElement` no longer infinitely recurses when the target slot holds a
+ *    falsy value (the AS3 version looped forever whenever `this[index]` was
+ *    `0`/`null`/`undefined`). It now pads with the placeholder and assigns.
+ *  - The `x`/`y`/`z`/`t` accessors return a genuinely stored `0` instead of
+ *    silently coercing every falsy slot to `0`.
+ *  - `toXML` returns a `string` (AS3 `XML` no longer exists in JS land).
+ *  - The class is generic and iterable (inherited from `Array`).
+ */
+export declare class Vector<T = unknown> extends Array<T> {
+    /** A shared, empty vector — mirrors AS3 `Vector.Empty`. */
+    static readonly Empty: Vector<never>;
+    /**
+     * Build a Vector from the given elements.
+     *
+     * NOTE on the single-number case: because `Array` (and therefore this
+     * subclass) treats `new Vector(n)` as "create a sparse vector of length n",
+     * that behaviour is retained — it is also what `Array.prototype` methods rely
+     * on via `Symbol.species` when they allocate result vectors. Use
+     * {@link Vector.of} or {@link Vector.from} to wrap a literal single number.
+     */
+    constructor(length: number);
+    constructor(...rest: T[]);
+    /** Ensure `map`/`filter`/`slice`/etc. produce plain `Vector`s, not typed views. */
+    static get [Symbol.species](): ArrayConstructor;
+    /** Convert any array-like into a Vector (shallow). Mirrors AS3 `ArrayToVector`. */
+    static fromArray<U>(array: Iterable<U>): Vector<U>;
+    /**
+     * Parse the `<vector>` form produced by {@link toXML} (best-effort inverse:
+     * numeric coordinates become numbers, everything else stays a string).
+     */
+    static fromXML(xml: string): Vector<number | string>;
+    /**
+     * Parse the bracketed form produced by {@link toString} (best-effort inverse:
+     * numeric elements become numbers, everything else stays a trimmed string).
+     */
+    static fromString(str: string, seperator?: string, leftBracket?: string, rightBracket?: string): Vector<number | string>;
+    /** String representation, e.g. `[1,2,3]`. */
+    toString(seperator?: string, leftBracket?: string, rightBracket?: string): string;
+    /** XML-ish serialisation, kept for compatibility with the AS3 API. */
+    toXML(): string;
+    /** Return the element at `index` (defaults to the first). */
+    getElement(index?: number): T | undefined;
+    /** Remove and return the element at `index`. */
+    removeElement(index?: number): T | undefined;
+    /**
+     * Set the element at `index`, padding with `placeHolder` if the vector is too
+     * short. Returns the previously stored value (or `undefined`).
+     *
+     * Bug fix: the AS3 version recursed infinitely whenever the slot was falsy.
+     */
+    setElement(newElement: T, index?: number, placeHolder?: T | null): T | undefined;
+    /**
+     * Insert `newElement` at `index`. With no index (or a negative one) it is
+     * appended. If `index` is beyond the current end, the gap is filled with
+     * `placeHolder`. Returns the resulting length.
+     */
+    addElement(newElement?: T | null, index?: number, placeHolder?: T | null): number;
+    private coord;
+    get x(): T | 0;
+    get y(): T | 0;
+    get z(): T | 0;
+    get t(): T | 0;
+    set x(value: T);
+    set y(value: T);
+    set z(value: T);
+    set t(value: T);
+    /**
+     * Clone the vector. When `deep` is true (default) nested Vectors are cloned
+     * recursively, so a matrix is duplicated rather than sharing its rows.
+     */
+    clone(deep?: boolean): Vector<T>;
+    /** Return a new vector with the elements in reverse order. */
+    reversed(): Vector<T>;
+}
+//# sourceMappingURL=Vector.d.ts.map

package/dist/Vector.d.ts.map

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package/dist/Vector.js

@@ -0,0 +1,173 @@
+/**
+ * Vector — an `Array` subclass that doubles as a mathematical vector / matrix row.
+ *
+ * Ported from Mallory's ActionScript `Vector` (`dynamic class Vector extends Array`).
+ * In the original the class was used both as a plain sequence container and, when
+ * nested (a Vector of Vectors), as a matrix. That dual role is preserved here.
+ *
+ * Modernisations & bug fixes relative to the AS3 original:
+ *  - `setElement` no longer infinitely recurses when the target slot holds a
+ *    falsy value (the AS3 version looped forever whenever `this[index]` was
+ *    `0`/`null`/`undefined`). It now pads with the placeholder and assigns.
+ *  - The `x`/`y`/`z`/`t` accessors return a genuinely stored `0` instead of
+ *    silently coercing every falsy slot to `0`.
+ *  - `toXML` returns a `string` (AS3 `XML` no longer exists in JS land).
+ *  - The class is generic and iterable (inherited from `Array`).
+ */
+export class Vector extends Array {
+    /** A shared, empty vector — mirrors AS3 `Vector.Empty`. */
+    static Empty = new Vector();
+    constructor(...rest) {
+        // Reproduce Array's constructor contract: a lone number means "length".
+        if (rest.length === 1 && typeof rest[0] === "number") {
+            super(rest[0]);
+        }
+        else {
+            super(...rest);
+        }
+    }
+    /** Ensure `map`/`filter`/`slice`/etc. produce plain `Vector`s, not typed views. */
+    static get [Symbol.species]() {
+        return Array;
+    }
+    /** Convert any array-like into a Vector (shallow). Mirrors AS3 `ArrayToVector`. */
+    static fromArray(array) {
+        const v = new Vector();
+        for (const e of array)
+            v.push(e);
+        return v;
+    }
+    /**
+     * Parse the `<vector>` form produced by {@link toXML} (best-effort inverse:
+     * numeric coordinates become numbers, everything else stays a string).
+     */
+    static fromXML(xml) {
+        const out = new Vector();
+        for (const match of xml.matchAll(/<coordinate>(.*?)<\/coordinate>/g)) {
+            const raw = match[1];
+            const n = Number(raw);
+            out.push(raw !== "" && !Number.isNaN(n) ? n : raw);
+        }
+        return out;
+    }
+    /**
+     * Parse the bracketed form produced by {@link toString} (best-effort inverse:
+     * numeric elements become numbers, everything else stays a trimmed string).
+     */
+    static fromString(str, seperator = ",", leftBracket = "[", rightBracket = "]") {
+        let s = str.trim();
+        if (s.startsWith(leftBracket))
+            s = s.slice(leftBracket.length);
+        if (s.endsWith(rightBracket))
+            s = s.slice(0, s.length - rightBracket.length);
+        const out = new Vector();
+        if (s === "")
+            return out;
+        for (const part of s.split(seperator)) {
+            const t = part.trim();
+            const n = Number(t);
+            out.push(t !== "" && !Number.isNaN(n) ? n : t);
+        }
+        return out;
+    }
+    /** String representation, e.g. `[1,2,3]`. */
+    toString(seperator = ",", leftBracket = "[", rightBracket = "]") {
+        let out = leftBracket;
+        for (let i = 0; i < this.length; i++) {
+            out += this[i] != null ? String(this[i]) : String(null);
+            if (i !== this.length - 1)
+                out += seperator;
+        }
+        return out + rightBracket;
+    }
+    /** XML-ish serialisation, kept for compatibility with the AS3 API. */
+    toXML() {
+        const parts = [];
+        for (let i = 0; i < this.length; i++) {
+            parts.push(`<coordinate>${this[i]}</coordinate>`);
+        }
+        return `<vector>${parts.join("")}</vector>`;
+    }
+    /** Return the element at `index` (defaults to the first). */
+    getElement(index = 0) {
+        return this[index];
+    }
+    /** Remove and return the element at `index`. */
+    removeElement(index = 0) {
+        return this.splice(index, 1)[0];
+    }
+    /**
+     * Set the element at `index`, padding with `placeHolder` if the vector is too
+     * short. Returns the previously stored value (or `undefined`).
+     *
+     * Bug fix: the AS3 version recursed infinitely whenever the slot was falsy.
+     */
+    setElement(newElement, index = 0, placeHolder = null) {
+        while (this.length < index)
+            this.push(placeHolder);
+        const previous = this[index];
+        this[index] = newElement;
+        return previous;
+    }
+    /**
+     * Insert `newElement` at `index`. With no index (or a negative one) it is
+     * appended. If `index` is beyond the current end, the gap is filled with
+     * `placeHolder`. Returns the resulting length.
+     */
+    addElement(newElement = null, index = -1, placeHolder = null) {
+        if (index < 0)
+            return this.push(newElement);
+        while (index > this.length)
+            this.push(placeHolder);
+        this.splice(index, 0, newElement);
+        return this.length;
+    }
+    // The x/y/z/t accessors let a Vector act as a 1-to-4 dimensional point.
+    coord(i) {
+        return i < this.length && this[i] != null ? this[i] : 0;
+    }
+    get x() {
+        return this.coord(0);
+    }
+    get y() {
+        return this.coord(1);
+    }
+    get z() {
+        return this.coord(2);
+    }
+    get t() {
+        return this.coord(3);
+    }
+    set x(value) {
+        this.setElement(value, 0);
+    }
+    set y(value) {
+        this.setElement(value, 1);
+    }
+    set z(value) {
+        this.setElement(value, 2);
+    }
+    set t(value) {
+        this.setElement(value, 3);
+    }
+    /**
+     * Clone the vector. When `deep` is true (default) nested Vectors are cloned
+     * recursively, so a matrix is duplicated rather than sharing its rows.
+     */
+    clone(deep = true) {
+        const out = new Vector();
+        for (let i = 0; i < this.length; i++) {
+            const el = this[i];
+            out[i] = deep && el instanceof Vector ? el.clone() : el;
+        }
+        return out;
+    }
+    /** Return a new vector with the elements in reverse order. */
+    reversed() {
+        const out = new Vector();
+        for (let i = 0; i < this.length; i++)
+            out[i] = this[this.length - 1 - i];
+        return out;
+    }
+}
+//# sourceMappingURL=Vector.js.map

package/dist/Vector.js.map

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package/dist/VectorCalculus.d.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+import { DualNumber } from "./DualNumber.ts";
+/**
+ * VectorCalculus — multivariable differential calculus: gradients, Jacobians,
+ * divergence, curl, and Hessians. Built entirely on existing exact-derivative
+ * machinery rather than a new autodiff engine: {@link gradient}/{@link jacobian}
+ * reuse {@link DualNumber} forward-mode autodiff (exact, first-order);
+ * {@link symbolicGradient} reuses {@link Symbolic} differentiation/evaluation
+ * for string-expression functions.
+ *
+ * {@link hessian} is the one approximate method — it takes central differences
+ * of the *exact* gradient (not of `f` itself), which is more accurate than a
+ * naive finite-difference Hessian without the scope of implementing
+ * second-order (hyperdual) numbers.
+ */
+export declare class VectorCalculus {
+    /** The gradient of a scalar field `f` at `point` (exact, via {@link DualNumber}). */
+    static gradient(f: (xs: DualNumber[]) => DualNumber, point: number[]): number[];
+    /** The rate of change of `f` at `point` along `direction` (need not be a unit vector). */
+    static directionalDerivative(f: (xs: DualNumber[]) => DualNumber, point: number[], direction: number[]): number;
+    /**
+     * The Jacobian of a vector field `f: R^n -> R^m` at `point`, as an `m × n`
+     * matrix (`J[i][j] = ∂f_i/∂x_j`). Computed via `n` forward autodiff passes,
+     * one dual-seeded input dimension at a time.
+     */
+    static jacobian(f: (xs: DualNumber[]) => DualNumber[], point: number[]): number[][];
+    /** The divergence of a vector field `f: R^n -> R^n` at `point` (the trace of its Jacobian). */
+    static divergence(f: (xs: DualNumber[]) => DualNumber[], point: number[]): number;
+    /** The curl of a 3D vector field `f: R^3 -> R^3` at `point`. */
+    static curl3D(f: (xs: DualNumber[]) => DualNumber[], point: [number, number, number]): [number, number, number];
+    /**
+     * The Hessian of a scalar field `f` at `point`: central differences (step
+     * `h`) of the exact gradient, i.e. `H[i][j] ≈ ∂(∂f/∂x_j)/∂x_i`.
+     */
+    static hessian(f: (xs: DualNumber[]) => DualNumber, point: number[], h?: number): number[][];
+    /**
+     * The exact gradient of a string expression at `point`, via
+     * {@link Symbolic.differentiate}/{@link Symbolic.evaluate} (one partial
+     * derivative per named variable — every other variable is held constant).
+     */
+    static symbolicGradient(expr: string, variables: string[], point: Record<string, number>): number[];
+}
+//# sourceMappingURL=VectorCalculus.d.ts.map

package/dist/VectorCalculus.d.ts.map

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package/dist/VectorCalculus.js

@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+import { DualNumber } from "./DualNumber.js";
+import { Symbolic } from "./Symbolic.js";
+/**
+ * VectorCalculus — multivariable differential calculus: gradients, Jacobians,
+ * divergence, curl, and Hessians. Built entirely on existing exact-derivative
+ * machinery rather than a new autodiff engine: {@link gradient}/{@link jacobian}
+ * reuse {@link DualNumber} forward-mode autodiff (exact, first-order);
+ * {@link symbolicGradient} reuses {@link Symbolic} differentiation/evaluation
+ * for string-expression functions.
+ *
+ * {@link hessian} is the one approximate method — it takes central differences
+ * of the *exact* gradient (not of `f` itself), which is more accurate than a
+ * naive finite-difference Hessian without the scope of implementing
+ * second-order (hyperdual) numbers.
+ */
+export class VectorCalculus {
+    /** The gradient of a scalar field `f` at `point` (exact, via {@link DualNumber}). */
+    static gradient(f, point) {
+        return DualNumber.gradient(f, point);
+    }
+    /** The rate of change of `f` at `point` along `direction` (need not be a unit vector). */
+    static directionalDerivative(f, point, direction) {
+        const norm = Math.sqrt(direction.reduce((s, d) => s + d * d, 0));
+        if (norm === 0)
+            throw new Error("VectorCalculus.directionalDerivative: direction must be non-zero");
+        const grad = VectorCalculus.gradient(f, point);
+        return grad.reduce((s, g, i) => s + (g * direction[i]) / norm, 0);
+    }
+    /**
+     * The Jacobian of a vector field `f: R^n -> R^m` at `point`, as an `m × n`
+     * matrix (`J[i][j] = ∂f_i/∂x_j`). Computed via `n` forward autodiff passes,
+     * one dual-seeded input dimension at a time.
+     */
+    static jacobian(f, point) {
+        const n = point.length;
+        const columns = [];
+        for (let i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+            const seeded = point.map((x, j) => new DualNumber(x, i === j ? 1 : 0));
+            columns.push(f(seeded).map((o) => o.deriv));
+        }
+        const m = columns[0]?.length ?? 0;
+        return Array.from({ length: m }, (_, row) => columns.map((column) => column[row]));
+    }
+    /** The divergence of a vector field `f: R^n -> R^n` at `point` (the trace of its Jacobian). */
+    static divergence(f, point) {
+        const J = VectorCalculus.jacobian(f, point);
+        return point.reduce((sum, _, i) => sum + J[i]?.[i], 0);
+    }
+    /** The curl of a 3D vector field `f: R^3 -> R^3` at `point`. */
+    static curl3D(f, point) {
+        const J = VectorCalculus.jacobian(f, point);
+        return [
+            J[2]?.[1] - J[1]?.[2],
+            J[0]?.[2] - J[2]?.[0],
+            J[1]?.[0] - J[0]?.[1],
+        ];
+    }
+    /**
+     * The Hessian of a scalar field `f` at `point`: central differences (step
+     * `h`) of the exact gradient, i.e. `H[i][j] ≈ ∂(∂f/∂x_j)/∂x_i`.
+     */
+    static hessian(f, point, h = 1e-4) {
+        return point.map((_, i) => {
+            const plus = point.slice();
+            const minus = point.slice();
+            plus[i] = plus[i] + h;
+            minus[i] = minus[i] - h;
+            const gradPlus = VectorCalculus.gradient(f, plus);
+            const gradMinus = VectorCalculus.gradient(f, minus);
+            return gradPlus.map((g, j) => (g - gradMinus[j]) / (2 * h));
+        });
+    }
+    /**
+     * The exact gradient of a string expression at `point`, via
+     * {@link Symbolic.differentiate}/{@link Symbolic.evaluate} (one partial
+     * derivative per named variable — every other variable is held constant).
+     */
+    static symbolicGradient(expr, variables, point) {
+        return variables.map((variable) => Symbolic.evaluate(Symbolic.differentiate(expr, variable), point));
+    }
+}
+//# sourceMappingURL=VectorCalculus.js.map

package/dist/VectorCalculus.js.map

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
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