@itwin/core-geometry 5.1.0-dev.52 → 5.1.0-dev.53

package/lib/esm/geometry3d/IndexedXYZCollection.js.map

@@ -1 +1 @@
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Copyright (c) Bentley Systems, Incorporated. All rights reserved.\n* See LICENSE.md in the project root for license terms and full copyright notice.\n*--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------*/\n\n/** @packageDocumentation\n * @module ArraysAndInterfaces\n */\n\nimport { Geometry } from \"../Geometry\";\nimport { Point3d, Vector3d, XYZ } from \"./Point3dVector3d\";\nimport { Range3d } from \"./Range\";\nimport { Transform } from \"./Transform\";\nimport { XAndY, XYAndZ } from \"./XYZProps\";\n\nclass PointsIterator implements Iterator<Point3d>, Iterable<Point3d> {\n  private readonly _collection: IndexedXYZCollection;\n  private _curIndex = -1;\n\n  public constructor(collection: IndexedXYZCollection) {\n    this._collection = collection;\n  }\n\n  public next(): IteratorResult<Point3d> {\n    if (++this._curIndex >= this._collection.length) {\n      // The ECMAScript spec states that value=undefined is valid if done=true. The TypeScript interface violates the spec hence the cast to any and back below.\n      return { done: true } as any as IteratorResult<Point3d>;\n    }\n\n    return {\n      value: this._collection.getPoint3dAtUncheckedPointIndex(this._curIndex),\n      done: false,\n    };\n  }\n\n  public [Symbol.iterator](): Iterator<Point3d> { return this; }\n}\n/**\n * abstract base class for read-only access to XYZ data with indexed reference.\n * * This allows algorithms to work with Point3d[] or GrowableXYZ.\n *   * GrowableXYZArray implements these for its data.\n *   * Point3dArrayCarrier carries a (reference to) a Point3d[] and implements the methods with calls on that array reference.\n * * In addition to \"point by point\" accessors, other abstract members compute commonly useful vector data \"between points\".\n * * Methods that create vectors among multiple indices allow callers to avoid creating temporaries.\n * @public\n */\nexport abstract class IndexedXYZCollection {\n  /**\n   * Return the point at `index` as a strongly typed Point3d.\n   * @param index index of point within the array\n   * @param result caller-allocated destination\n   * @returns undefined if the index is out of bounds\n   */\n  public abstract getPoint3dAtCheckedPointIndex(index: number, result?: Point3d): Point3d | undefined;\n  /**\n   * Return the point at `index` as a strongly typed Point3d, without checking the point index validity.\n   * @param index index of point within the array\n   * @param result caller-allocated destination\n   * @returns undefined if the index is out of bounds\n   */\n  public abstract getPoint3dAtUncheckedPointIndex(index: number, result?: Point3d): Point3d;\n  /**\n   * Get from `index` as a strongly typed Vector3d.\n   * @param index index of point within the array\n   * @param result caller-allocated destination\n   * @returns undefined if the index is out of bounds\n   */\n  public abstract getVector3dAtCheckedVectorIndex(index: number, result?: Vector3d): Vector3d | undefined;\n  /**\n   * Return a vector from the point at `indexA` to the point at `indexB`\n   * @param indexA index of point within the array\n   * @param indexB index of point within the array\n   * @param result caller-allocated vector.\n   * @returns undefined if either index is out of bounds\n   */\n  public abstract vectorIndexIndex(indexA: number, indexB: number, result?: Vector3d): Vector3d | undefined;\n  /**\n   * Return a vector from `origin` to the point at `indexB`\n   * @param origin origin for vector\n   * @param indexB index of point within the array\n   * @param result caller-allocated vector.\n   * @returns undefined if index is out of bounds\n   */\n  public abstract vectorXYAndZIndex(origin: XYAndZ, indexB: number, result?: Vector3d): Vector3d | undefined;\n  /**\n   * Return a vector from the point at `indexA` to `target`\n   * @param indexA index of point within the array\n   * @param target target for vector\n   * @param result caller-allocated vector.\n   * @returns undefined if index is out of bounds\n   */\n  public vectorIndexXYAndZ(indexA: number, target: XYAndZ, result?: Vector3d): Vector3d | undefined {\n    const reversed = this.vectorXYAndZIndex(target, indexA, result);\n    return reversed?.negate(reversed);\n  }\n  /**\n   * Return the dot product of the vectors from the point at `origin` to the points at `indexA` and `indexB`.\n   * @param origin index of point within the array; origin of both vectors\n   * @param indexA index of point within the array; target of the first vector\n   * @param indexA index of point within the array; target of the second vector\n   * @returns undefined if index is out of bounds\n   */\n  public dotProductIndexIndexIndex(origin: number, indexA: number, indexB: number): number | undefined {\n    if (origin < 0 || origin >= this.length || indexA < 0 || indexA >= this.length || indexB < 0 || indexB >= this.length)\n      return undefined;\n    const x0 = this.getXAtUncheckedPointIndex(origin);\n    const y0 = this.getYAtUncheckedPointIndex(origin);\n    const z0 = this.getZAtUncheckedPointIndex(origin);\n    return (this.getXAtUncheckedPointIndex(indexA) - x0) * (this.getXAtUncheckedPointIndex(indexB) - x0) +\n           (this.getYAtUncheckedPointIndex(indexA) - y0) * (this.getYAtUncheckedPointIndex(indexB) - y0) +\n           (this.getZAtUncheckedPointIndex(indexA) - z0) * (this.getZAtUncheckedPointIndex(indexB) - z0);\n  }\n  /**\n   * Return the dot product of the vectors from the point at `origin` to the point at `indexA` and to `targetB`.\n   * @param origin index of point within the array; origin of both vectors\n   * @param indexA index of point within the array; target of the first vector\n   * @param targetB target for second vector\n   * @returns undefined if index is out of bounds\n   */\n  public dotProductIndexIndexXYAndZ(origin: number, indexA: number, targetB: XYAndZ): number | undefined {\n    if (origin < 0 || origin >= this.length || indexA < 0 || indexA >= this.length)\n      return undefined;\n    const x0 = this.getXAtUncheckedPointIndex(origin);\n    const y0 = this.getYAtUncheckedPointIndex(origin);\n    const z0 = this.getZAtUncheckedPointIndex(origin);\n    return (this.getXAtUncheckedPointIndex(indexA) - x0) * (targetB.x - x0) +\n           (this.getYAtUncheckedPointIndex(indexA) - y0) * (targetB.y - y0) +\n           (this.getZAtUncheckedPointIndex(indexA) - z0) * (targetB.z - z0);\n  }\n  /**\n   * Return the cross product of the vectors from `origin` to points at `indexA` and `indexB`\n   * @param origin origin for vector\n   * @param indexA index of first target within the array\n   * @param indexB index of second target within the array\n   * @param result caller-allocated vector.\n   * @returns undefined if either index is out of bounds\n   */\n  public abstract crossProductXYAndZIndexIndex(origin: XYAndZ, indexA: number, indexB: number, result?: Vector3d): Vector3d | undefined;\n  /**\n   * Return the cross product of the vectors from `origin` to the point at `indexA` and to `targetB`\n   * @param origin index of point within the array; origin of both vectors\n   * @param indexA index of point within the array; target of the first vector\n   * @param targetB target of second vector\n   * @param result optional caller-allocated result to fill and return\n   * @returns undefined if an index is out of bounds\n   */\n  public crossProductIndexIndexXYAndZ(origin: number, indexA: number, targetB: XYAndZ, result?: Vector3d): Vector3d | undefined {\n    if (origin < 0 || origin >= this.length || indexA < 0 || indexA >= this.length)\n      return undefined;\n    const x0 = this.getXAtUncheckedPointIndex(origin);\n    const y0 = this.getYAtUncheckedPointIndex(origin);\n    const z0 = this.getZAtUncheckedPointIndex(origin);\n    return Vector3d.createCrossProduct(this.getXAtUncheckedPointIndex(indexA) - x0,\n                                       this.getYAtUncheckedPointIndex(indexA) - y0,\n                                       this.getZAtUncheckedPointIndex(indexA) - z0,\n                                       targetB.x - x0,\n                                       targetB.y - y0,\n                                       targetB.z - z0, result);\n  }\n  /**\n   * Return the cross product of vectors from `origin` to points at `indexA` and `indexB`\n   * @param origin origin for vector\n   * @param indexA index of first target within the array\n   * @param indexB index of second target within the array\n   * @param result optional caller-allocated vector.\n   * @returns undefined if either index is out of bounds\n   */\n  public abstract crossProductIndexIndexIndex(origin: number, indexA: number, indexB: number, result?: Vector3d): Vector3d | undefined;\n  /**\n   * Return the cross product of vectors from origin point at `indexA` to target points at `indexB` and `indexC`\n   * @param origin index of origin\n   * @param indexA index of first target within the array\n   * @param indexB index of second target within the array\n   * @param result caller-allocated vector.\n   * @returns return true if indexA, indexB both valid\n   */\n  public abstract accumulateCrossProductIndexIndexIndex(origin: number, indexA: number, indexB: number, result: Vector3d): void;\n\n  /**\n   * read-only property for number of XYZ in the collection.\n   */\n  public abstract get length(): number;\n  /**\n   * Return distance squared between indicated points.\n   * @param index0 first point index\n   * @param index1 second point index\n   */\n  public abstract distanceSquaredIndexIndex(index0: number, index1: number): number | undefined;\n  /**\n   * Return distance squared between the point at index0 and target.\n   * @param index0 first point index\n   * @param target second point\n   */\n  public distanceSquaredIndexXYAndZ(index0: number, target: XYAndZ): number | undefined {\n    if (index0 < 0 || index0 >= this.length)\n      return undefined;\n    return Geometry.hypotenuseSquaredXYZ(\n      target.x - this.getXAtUncheckedPointIndex(index0),\n      target.y - this.getYAtUncheckedPointIndex(index0),\n      target.z - this.getZAtUncheckedPointIndex(index0));\n  }\n  /**\n   * Return distance between indicated points.\n   * @param index0 first point index\n   * @param index1 second point index\n   */\n  public abstract distanceIndexIndex(index0: number, index1: number): number | undefined;\n  /**\n   * Test if index is valid for an xyz within this array.\n   * @param index xyz index to test.\n   */\n  public isIndexValid(index: number): boolean {\n    return index >= 0 && index < this.length;\n  }\n  /** Adjust index into range by modulo with the length. */\n  public cyclicIndex(i: number): number {\n    return (i % this.length);\n  }\n  /** Return the range of the points. */\n  public getRange(transform?: Transform, result?: Range3d): Range3d {\n    let range = result;\n    if (range)\n      range.setNull();\n    else\n      range = Range3d.createNull();\n    const n = this.length;\n    const point = Point3d.create();\n    for (let i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n      this.getPoint3dAtUncheckedPointIndex(i, point);\n      range.extendPoint(point, transform);\n    }\n    return range;\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * For each subset of `k` successive points within tolerance of the first point in the subset, return the indices of\n   * the last `k-1` duplicates.\n   * * Index `0` is never returned.\n   * @param tolerance optional distance tol for compression (default [[Geometry.smallMetricDistance]])\n   * @param preserveLast if the last `k < this.length` points of the instance are duplicates, whether to return the\n   * indices of the *first* `k-1` duplicates for this last run. If true, index `this.length - 1` is not returned\n   * unless all points are duplicates, in which case all indices but `0` are returned. Default value is false.\n   * @return ordered array of 0-based indices of duplicate points\n   */\n  public findOrderedDuplicates(tolerance: number = Geometry.smallMetricDistance, preserveLast: boolean = false): number[] {\n    const indices: number[] = [];\n    if (this.length > 1) {\n      for (let i = 0; i < this.length - 1;) {\n        let j = i + 1;\n        for (; this.almostEqualIndexIndex(i, j, tolerance); ++j)\n          indices.push(j);\n        i = j; // found next unique point\n      }\n      if (preserveLast && indices.length > 0 && indices.length < this.length - 1) { // not all points are duplicate\n        let numLastRun = 0;\n        for (; numLastRun <= indices.length - 1 && indices[indices.length - 1 - numLastRun] === this.length - 1 - numLastRun; ++numLastRun);\n        for (let i = 0; i < numLastRun; ++i)\n          indices[indices.length - 1 - i] -= 1; // decrement the indices of the last run so that the last point is preserved\n      }\n    }\n    return indices;\n  }\n\n  /** Accumulate scale times the x,y,z values at index.\n   * * No action if index is out of bounds.\n   */\n  public abstract accumulateScaledXYZ(index: number, scale: number, sum: Point3d): void;\n\n  /** Compute the linear combination s of the indexed p_i and given scales s_i.\n   * @param scales array of scales. For best results, scales should have same length as the instance.\n   * @param result optional pre-allocated object to fill and return\n   * @return s = sum(p_i * s_i), where i ranges from 0 to min(this.length, scales.length).\n  */\n  public linearCombination(scales: number[], result?: Point3d | Vector3d): XYZ {\n    const n = Math.min(this.length, scales.length);\n    const sum = (result instanceof Vector3d) ? Vector3d.createZero(result) : Point3d.createZero(result);\n    for (let i = 0; i < n; ++i) {\n      sum.x += scales[i] * this.getXAtUncheckedPointIndex(i);\n      sum.y += scales[i] * this.getYAtUncheckedPointIndex(i);\n      sum.z += scales[i] * this.getZAtUncheckedPointIndex(i);\n    }\n    return sum;\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Interpolate the points at the given indices.\n   * @param index0 index of point p0 within the array\n   * @param fraction fraction f such that returned point is p0 + f * (p1 - p0)\n   * @param index1 index of point p1 within the array\n   * @param result optional caller-allocated result to fill and return\n   * @returns undefined if an index is out of bounds\n   */\n  public interpolateIndexIndex(index0: number, fraction: number, index1: number, result?: Point3d): Point3d | undefined {\n    if (index0 < 0 || index0 >= this.length || index1 < 0 || index1 >= this.length)\n      return undefined;\n    return Point3d.create(Geometry.interpolate(this.getXAtUncheckedPointIndex(index0), fraction, this.getXAtUncheckedPointIndex(index1)),\n                          Geometry.interpolate(this.getYAtUncheckedPointIndex(index0), fraction, this.getYAtUncheckedPointIndex(index1)),\n                          Geometry.interpolate(this.getZAtUncheckedPointIndex(index0), fraction, this.getZAtUncheckedPointIndex(index1)), result);\n  }\n\n  /** access x of indexed point */\n  public abstract getXAtUncheckedPointIndex(pointIndex: number): number;\n\n  /** access y of indexed point */\n  public abstract getYAtUncheckedPointIndex(pointIndex: number): number;\n\n  /** access z of indexed point */\n  public abstract getZAtUncheckedPointIndex(pointIndex: number): number;\n\n  /** Return iterator over the points in this collection. Usage:\n   * ```ts\n   *  for (const point: Point3d of collection.points) { ... }\n   * ```\n   */\n  public get points(): Iterable<Point3d> {\n    return new PointsIterator(this);\n  }\n  /** convert to Point3d[] */\n  public getArray(): Point3d[] {\n    const result = [];\n    for (const p of this.points)\n      result.push(p);\n    return result;\n  }\n  /** Return the first point, or undefined if the array is empty. */\n  public front(result?: Point3d): Point3d | undefined {\n    if (this.length === 0)\n      return undefined;\n    return this.getPoint3dAtUncheckedPointIndex(0, result);\n  }\n  /** Return the last point, or undefined if the array is empty. */\n  public back(result?: Point3d): Point3d | undefined {\n    if (this.length === 0)\n      return undefined;\n    return this.getPoint3dAtUncheckedPointIndex(this.length - 1, result);\n  }\n  /**\n   * Test whether the indexed points are equal within tolerance.\n   * @param index0 index of first point\n   * @param index1 index of second point\n   * @param tolerance max coordinate difference to be considered equal. For exact test, pass 0. Defaults to `Geometry.smallMetricDistance`.\n   */\n  public almostEqualIndexIndex(index0: number, index1: number, tolerance = Geometry.smallMetricDistance): boolean | undefined {\n    if (index0 < 0 || index0 >= this.length || index1 < 0 || index1 >= this.length)\n      return undefined;\n    return Geometry.isSameCoordinate(this.getXAtUncheckedPointIndex(index0), this.getXAtUncheckedPointIndex(index1), tolerance)\n      && Geometry.isSameCoordinate(this.getYAtUncheckedPointIndex(index0), this.getYAtUncheckedPointIndex(index1), tolerance)\n      && Geometry.isSameCoordinate(this.getZAtUncheckedPointIndex(index0), this.getZAtUncheckedPointIndex(index1), tolerance);\n  }\n}\n/**\n * abstract base class extends IndexedXYZCollection, adding methods to push, peek, and pop, and rewrite.\n * @public\n */\nexport abstract class IndexedReadWriteXYZCollection extends IndexedXYZCollection {\n  /** push a (clone of) point onto the collection\n   * * point itself is not pushed -- xyz data is extracted into the native form of the collection.\n   */\n  public abstract push(data: XYAndZ): void;\n  /**\n   * push a new point (given by coordinates) onto the collection\n   * @param x x coordinate\n   * @param y y coordinate\n   * @param z z coordinate\n   */\n  public abstract pushXYZ(x?: number, y?: number, z?: number): void;\n  /** remove the final point. */\n  public abstract pop(): void;\n  /**  clear all entries */\n  public abstract clear(): void;\n  /** reverse the points in place. */\n  public abstract reverseInPlace(): void;\n}\n\n/**\n * Type for use as signature for xyz data of a single linestring appearing in a parameter list.\n * @public\n */\nexport type LineStringDataVariant = IndexedXYZCollection | XYAndZ[] | XAndY[] | number[][];\n\n/**\n * Type for use as signature for multiple xyz data of multiple linestrings appearing in a parameter list.\n * @public\n */\nexport type MultiLineStringDataVariant = LineStringDataVariant | LineStringDataVariant[];\n"]}
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All rights reserved.\n* See LICENSE.md in the project root for license terms and full copyright notice.\n*--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------*/\n\n/** @packageDocumentation\n * @module ArraysAndInterfaces\n */\n\nimport { Geometry } from \"../Geometry\";\nimport { Point3d, Vector3d, XYZ } from \"./Point3dVector3d\";\nimport { Range3d } from \"./Range\";\nimport { Transform } from \"./Transform\";\nimport { XAndY, XYAndZ } from \"./XYZProps\";\n\nclass PointsIterator implements Iterator<Point3d>, Iterable<Point3d> {\n  private readonly _collection: IndexedXYZCollection;\n  private _curIndex = -1;\n\n  public constructor(collection: IndexedXYZCollection) {\n    this._collection = collection;\n  }\n\n  public next(): IteratorResult<Point3d> {\n    if (++this._curIndex >= this._collection.length) {\n      // The ECMAScript spec states that value=undefined is valid if done=true. The TypeScript interface violates the spec hence the cast to any and back below.\n      return { done: true } as any as IteratorResult<Point3d>;\n    }\n\n    return {\n      value: this._collection.getPoint3dAtUncheckedPointIndex(this._curIndex),\n      done: false,\n    };\n  }\n\n  public [Symbol.iterator](): Iterator<Point3d> { return this; }\n}\n/**\n * abstract base class for read-only access to XYZ data with indexed reference.\n * * This allows algorithms to work with Point3d[] or GrowableXYZ.\n *   * GrowableXYZArray implements these for its data.\n *   * Point3dArrayCarrier carries a (reference to) a Point3d[] and implements the methods with calls on that array reference.\n * * In addition to \"point by point\" accessors, other abstract members compute commonly useful vector data \"between points\".\n * * Methods that create vectors among multiple indices allow callers to avoid creating temporaries.\n * @public\n */\nexport abstract class IndexedXYZCollection {\n  /**\n   * Return the point at `index` as a strongly typed Point3d.\n   * @param index index of point within the array\n   * @param result caller-allocated destination\n   * @returns undefined if the index is out of bounds\n   */\n  public abstract getPoint3dAtCheckedPointIndex(index: number, result?: Point3d): Point3d | undefined;\n  /**\n   * Return the point at `index` as a strongly typed Point3d, without checking the point index validity.\n   * @param index index of point within the array\n   * @param result caller-allocated destination\n   * @returns undefined if the index is out of bounds\n   */\n  public abstract getPoint3dAtUncheckedPointIndex(index: number, result?: Point3d): Point3d;\n  /**\n   * Get from `index` as a strongly typed Vector3d.\n   * @param index index of point within the array\n   * @param result caller-allocated destination\n   * @returns undefined if the index is out of bounds\n   */\n  public abstract getVector3dAtCheckedVectorIndex(index: number, result?: Vector3d): Vector3d | undefined;\n  /**\n   * Return a vector from the point at `indexA` to the point at `indexB`\n   * @param indexA index of point within the array\n   * @param indexB index of point within the array\n   * @param result caller-allocated vector.\n   * @returns undefined if either index is out of bounds\n   */\n  public abstract vectorIndexIndex(indexA: number, indexB: number, result?: Vector3d): Vector3d | undefined;\n  /**\n   * Return a vector from `origin` to the point at `indexB`\n   * @param origin origin for vector\n   * @param indexB index of point within the array\n   * @param result caller-allocated vector.\n   * @returns undefined if index is out of bounds\n   */\n  public abstract vectorXYAndZIndex(origin: XYAndZ, indexB: number, result?: Vector3d): Vector3d | undefined;\n  /**\n   * Return a vector from the point at `indexA` to `target`\n   * @param indexA index of point within the array\n   * @param target target for vector\n   * @param result caller-allocated vector.\n   * @returns undefined if index is out of bounds\n   */\n  public vectorIndexXYAndZ(indexA: number, target: XYAndZ, result?: Vector3d): Vector3d | undefined {\n    const reversed = this.vectorXYAndZIndex(target, indexA, result);\n    return reversed?.negate(reversed);\n  }\n  /**\n   * Return the dot product of the vectors from the point at `origin` to the points at `indexA` and `indexB`.\n   * @param origin index of point within the array; origin of both vectors\n   * @param indexA index of point within the array; target of the first vector\n   * @param indexA index of point within the array; target of the second vector\n   * @returns undefined if index is out of bounds\n   */\n  public dotProductIndexIndexIndex(origin: number, indexA: number, indexB: number): number | undefined {\n    if (origin < 0 || origin >= this.length || indexA < 0 || indexA >= this.length || indexB < 0 || indexB >= this.length)\n      return undefined;\n    const x0 = this.getXAtUncheckedPointIndex(origin);\n    const y0 = this.getYAtUncheckedPointIndex(origin);\n    const z0 = this.getZAtUncheckedPointIndex(origin);\n    return (this.getXAtUncheckedPointIndex(indexA) - x0) * (this.getXAtUncheckedPointIndex(indexB) - x0) +\n           (this.getYAtUncheckedPointIndex(indexA) - y0) * (this.getYAtUncheckedPointIndex(indexB) - y0) +\n           (this.getZAtUncheckedPointIndex(indexA) - z0) * (this.getZAtUncheckedPointIndex(indexB) - z0);\n  }\n  /**\n   * Return the dot product of the vectors from the point at `origin` to the point at `indexA` and to `targetB`.\n   * @param origin index of point within the array; origin of both vectors\n   * @param indexA index of point within the array; target of the first vector\n   * @param targetB target for second vector\n   * @returns undefined if index is out of bounds\n   */\n  public dotProductIndexIndexXYAndZ(origin: number, indexA: number, targetB: XYAndZ): number | undefined {\n    if (origin < 0 || origin >= this.length || indexA < 0 || indexA >= this.length)\n      return undefined;\n    const x0 = this.getXAtUncheckedPointIndex(origin);\n    const y0 = this.getYAtUncheckedPointIndex(origin);\n    const z0 = this.getZAtUncheckedPointIndex(origin);\n    return (this.getXAtUncheckedPointIndex(indexA) - x0) * (targetB.x - x0) +\n           (this.getYAtUncheckedPointIndex(indexA) - y0) * (targetB.y - y0) +\n           (this.getZAtUncheckedPointIndex(indexA) - z0) * (targetB.z - z0);\n  }\n  /**\n   * Return the cross product of the vectors from `origin` to points at `indexA` and `indexB`\n   * @param origin origin for vector\n   * @param indexA index of first target within the array\n   * @param indexB index of second target within the array\n   * @param result caller-allocated vector.\n   * @returns undefined if either index is out of bounds\n   */\n  public abstract crossProductXYAndZIndexIndex(origin: XYAndZ, indexA: number, indexB: number, result?: Vector3d): Vector3d | undefined;\n  /**\n   * Return the cross product of the vectors from `origin` to the point at `indexA` and to `targetB`\n   * @param origin index of point within the array; origin of both vectors\n   * @param indexA index of point within the array; target of the first vector\n   * @param targetB target of second vector\n   * @param result optional caller-allocated result to fill and return\n   * @returns undefined if an index is out of bounds\n   */\n  public crossProductIndexIndexXYAndZ(origin: number, indexA: number, targetB: XYAndZ, result?: Vector3d): Vector3d | undefined {\n    if (origin < 0 || origin >= this.length || indexA < 0 || indexA >= this.length)\n      return undefined;\n    const x0 = this.getXAtUncheckedPointIndex(origin);\n    const y0 = this.getYAtUncheckedPointIndex(origin);\n    const z0 = this.getZAtUncheckedPointIndex(origin);\n    return Vector3d.createCrossProduct(this.getXAtUncheckedPointIndex(indexA) - x0,\n                                       this.getYAtUncheckedPointIndex(indexA) - y0,\n                                       this.getZAtUncheckedPointIndex(indexA) - z0,\n                                       targetB.x - x0,\n                                       targetB.y - y0,\n                                       targetB.z - z0, result);\n  }\n  /**\n   * Return the cross product of vectors from `origin` to points at `indexA` and `indexB`\n   * @param origin origin for vector\n   * @param indexA index of first target within the array\n   * @param indexB index of second target within the array\n   * @param result optional caller-allocated vector.\n   * @returns undefined if either index is out of bounds\n   */\n  public abstract crossProductIndexIndexIndex(origin: number, indexA: number, indexB: number, result?: Vector3d): Vector3d | undefined;\n  /**\n   * Return the cross product of vectors from origin point at `indexA` to target points at `indexB` and `indexC`\n   * @param origin index of origin\n   * @param indexA index of first target within the array\n   * @param indexB index of second target within the array\n   * @param result caller-allocated vector.\n   * @returns return true if indexA, indexB both valid\n   */\n  public abstract accumulateCrossProductIndexIndexIndex(origin: number, indexA: number, indexB: number, result: Vector3d): void;\n\n  /**\n   * read-only property for number of XYZ in the collection.\n   */\n  public abstract get length(): number;\n  /**\n   * Return distance squared between indicated points.\n   * @param index0 first point index\n   * @param index1 second point index\n   */\n  public abstract distanceSquaredIndexIndex(index0: number, index1: number): number | undefined;\n  /**\n   * Return distance squared between the point at index0 and target.\n   * @param index0 first point index\n   * @param target second point\n   */\n  public distanceSquaredIndexXYAndZ(index0: number, target: XYAndZ): number | undefined {\n    if (index0 < 0 || index0 >= this.length)\n      return undefined;\n    return Geometry.hypotenuseSquaredXYZ(\n      target.x - this.getXAtUncheckedPointIndex(index0),\n      target.y - this.getYAtUncheckedPointIndex(index0),\n      target.z - this.getZAtUncheckedPointIndex(index0));\n  }\n  /**\n   * Return distance between indicated points.\n   * @param index0 first point index\n   * @param index1 second point index\n   */\n  public abstract distanceIndexIndex(index0: number, index1: number): number | undefined;\n  /**\n   * Test if index is valid for an xyz within this array.\n   * @param index xyz index to test.\n   */\n  public isIndexValid(index: number): boolean {\n    return index >= 0 && index < this.length;\n  }\n  /** Adjust index into range by modulo with the length. */\n  public cyclicIndex(i: number): number {\n    return (i % this.length);\n  }\n  /** Return the range of the points. */\n  public getRange(transform?: Transform, result?: Range3d): Range3d {\n    let range = result;\n    if (range)\n      range.setNull();\n    else\n      range = Range3d.createNull();\n    const n = this.length;\n    const point = Point3d.create();\n    for (let i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n      this.getPoint3dAtUncheckedPointIndex(i, point);\n      range.extendPoint(point, transform);\n    }\n    return range;\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * For each subset of `k` successive points within tolerance of the first point in the subset, return the indices of\n   * the last `k-1` duplicates.\n   * * Index `0` is never returned.\n   * @param tolerance optional distance tol for compression (default [[Geometry.smallMetricDistance]])\n   * @param preserveLast if the last `k < this.length` points of the instance are duplicates, whether to return the\n   * indices of the *first* `k-1` duplicates for this last run. If true, index `this.length - 1` is not returned\n   * unless all points are duplicates, in which case all indices but `0` are returned. Default value is false.\n   * @return ordered array of 0-based indices of duplicate points\n   */\n  public findOrderedDuplicates(tolerance: number = Geometry.smallMetricDistance, preserveLast: boolean = false): number[] {\n    const indices: number[] = [];\n    if (this.length > 1) {\n      for (let i = 0; i < this.length - 1;) {\n        let j = i + 1;\n        for (; this.almostEqualIndexIndex(i, j, tolerance); ++j)\n          indices.push(j);\n        i = j; // found next unique point\n      }\n      if (preserveLast && indices.length > 0 && indices.length < this.length - 1) { // not all points are duplicate\n        let numLastRun = 0;\n        for (; numLastRun <= indices.length - 1 && indices[indices.length - 1 - numLastRun] === this.length - 1 - numLastRun; ++numLastRun);\n        for (let i = 0; i < numLastRun; ++i)\n          indices[indices.length - 1 - i] -= 1; // decrement the indices of the last run so that the last point is preserved\n      }\n    }\n    return indices;\n  }\n\n  /** Accumulate scale times the x,y,z values at index.\n   * * No action if index is out of bounds.\n   */\n  public abstract accumulateScaledXYZ(index: number, scale: number, sum: Point3d): void;\n\n  /** Compute the linear combination s of the indexed p_i and given scales s_i.\n   * @param scales array of scales. For best results, scales should have same length as the instance.\n   * @param result optional pre-allocated object to fill and return\n   * @return s = sum(p_i * s_i), where i ranges from 0 to min(this.length, scales.length).\n  */\n  public linearCombination(scales: number[], result?: Point3d | Vector3d): XYZ {\n    const n = Math.min(this.length, scales.length);\n    const sum = (result instanceof Vector3d) ? Vector3d.createZero(result) : Point3d.createZero(result);\n    for (let i = 0; i < n; ++i) {\n      sum.x += scales[i] * this.getXAtUncheckedPointIndex(i);\n      sum.y += scales[i] * this.getYAtUncheckedPointIndex(i);\n      sum.z += scales[i] * this.getZAtUncheckedPointIndex(i);\n    }\n    return sum;\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Interpolate the points at the given indices.\n   * @param index0 index of point p0 within the array\n   * @param fraction fraction f such that returned point is p0 + f * (p1 - p0)\n   * @param index1 index of point p1 within the array\n   * @param result optional caller-allocated result to fill and return\n   * @returns undefined if an index is out of bounds\n   */\n  public interpolateIndexIndex(index0: number, fraction: number, index1: number, result?: Point3d): Point3d | undefined {\n    if (index0 < 0 || index0 >= this.length || index1 < 0 || index1 >= this.length)\n      return undefined;\n    return Point3d.create(Geometry.interpolate(this.getXAtUncheckedPointIndex(index0), fraction, this.getXAtUncheckedPointIndex(index1)),\n                          Geometry.interpolate(this.getYAtUncheckedPointIndex(index0), fraction, this.getYAtUncheckedPointIndex(index1)),\n                          Geometry.interpolate(this.getZAtUncheckedPointIndex(index0), fraction, this.getZAtUncheckedPointIndex(index1)), result);\n  }\n\n  /** access x of indexed point */\n  public abstract getXAtUncheckedPointIndex(pointIndex: number): number;\n\n  /** access y of indexed point */\n  public abstract getYAtUncheckedPointIndex(pointIndex: number): number;\n\n  /** access z of indexed point */\n  public abstract getZAtUncheckedPointIndex(pointIndex: number): number;\n\n  /** Return iterator over the points in this collection. Usage:\n   * ```ts\n   *  for (const point: Point3d of collection.points) { ... }\n   * ```\n   */\n  public get points(): Iterable<Point3d> {\n    return new PointsIterator(this);\n  }\n  /** convert to Point3d[] */\n  public getArray(): Point3d[] {\n    const result = [];\n    for (const p of this.points)\n      result.push(p);\n    return result;\n  }\n  /** Return the first point, or undefined if the array is empty. */\n  public front(result?: Point3d): Point3d | undefined {\n    if (this.length === 0)\n      return undefined;\n    return this.getPoint3dAtUncheckedPointIndex(0, result);\n  }\n  /** Return the last point, or undefined if the array is empty. */\n  public back(result?: Point3d): Point3d | undefined {\n    if (this.length === 0)\n      return undefined;\n    return this.getPoint3dAtUncheckedPointIndex(this.length - 1, result);\n  }\n  /**\n   * Test whether the indexed points are equal within tolerance.\n   * @param index0 index of first point\n   * @param index1 index of second point\n   * @param tolerance max coordinate difference to be considered equal. For exact test, pass 0. Defaults to `Geometry.smallMetricDistance`.\n   * @returns whether the points are equal within tolerance, or `undefined` if either index is invalid.\n   */\n  public almostEqualIndexIndex(index0: number, index1: number, tolerance = Geometry.smallMetricDistance): boolean | undefined {\n    if (index0 < 0 || index0 >= this.length || index1 < 0 || index1 >= this.length)\n      return undefined;\n    return Geometry.isSameCoordinate(this.getXAtUncheckedPointIndex(index0), this.getXAtUncheckedPointIndex(index1), tolerance)\n      && Geometry.isSameCoordinate(this.getYAtUncheckedPointIndex(index0), this.getYAtUncheckedPointIndex(index1), tolerance)\n      && Geometry.isSameCoordinate(this.getZAtUncheckedPointIndex(index0), this.getZAtUncheckedPointIndex(index1), tolerance);\n  }\n  /**\n   * Test whether the xy-coordinates of the indexed points are equal within tolerance. The z-coordinates are ignored.\n   * @param index0 index of first point\n   * @param index1 index of second point\n   * @param tolerance max coordinate difference to be considered equal. For exact test, pass 0. Defaults to `Geometry.smallMetricDistance`.\n   * @returns whether the xy-coordinates of the points are equal within tolerance, or `undefined` if either index is invalid.\n   */\n  public almostEqualXYIndexIndex(index0: number, index1: number, tolerance = Geometry.smallMetricDistance): boolean | undefined {\n    if (index0 < 0 || index0 >= this.length || index1 < 0 || index1 >= this.length)\n      return undefined;\n    return Geometry.isSameCoordinate(this.getXAtUncheckedPointIndex(index0), this.getXAtUncheckedPointIndex(index1), tolerance)\n      && Geometry.isSameCoordinate(this.getYAtUncheckedPointIndex(index0), this.getYAtUncheckedPointIndex(index1), tolerance);\n  }\n}\n/**\n * abstract base class extends IndexedXYZCollection, adding methods to push, peek, and pop, and rewrite.\n * @public\n */\nexport abstract class IndexedReadWriteXYZCollection extends IndexedXYZCollection {\n  /** push a (clone of) point onto the collection\n   * * point itself is not pushed -- xyz data is extracted into the native form of the collection.\n   */\n  public abstract push(data: XYAndZ): void;\n  /**\n   * push a new point (given by coordinates) onto the collection\n   * @param x x coordinate\n   * @param y y coordinate\n   * @param z z coordinate\n   */\n  public abstract pushXYZ(x?: number, y?: number, z?: number): void;\n  /** remove the final point. */\n  public abstract pop(): void;\n  /**  clear all entries */\n  public abstract clear(): void;\n  /** reverse the points in place. */\n  public abstract reverseInPlace(): void;\n}\n\n/**\n * Type for use as signature for xyz data of a single linestring appearing in a parameter list.\n * @public\n */\nexport type LineStringDataVariant = IndexedXYZCollection | XYAndZ[] | XAndY[] | number[][];\n\n/**\n * Type for use as signature for multiple xyz data of multiple linestrings appearing in a parameter list.\n * @public\n */\nexport type MultiLineStringDataVariant = LineStringDataVariant | LineStringDataVariant[];\n"]}

package/lib/esm/geometry3d/Ray3d.d.ts

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
  * @module CartesianGeometry
  */
 import { CurveLocationDetailPair } from "../curve/CurveLocationDetail";
-import { BeJSONFunctions } from "../Geometry";
+import { BeJSONFunctions, PerpParallelOptions } from "../Geometry";
 import { Plane3dByOriginAndUnitNormal } from "./Plane3dByOriginAndUnitNormal";
 import { Point3d, Vector3d } from "./Point3dVector3d";
 import { Range1d, Range3d } from "./Range";
@@ -39,12 +39,10 @@ export declare class Ray3d implements BeJSONFunctions {
     /** Create a ray with all zeros. */
     static createZero(result?: Ray3d): Ray3d;
     /**
-     * Test for nearly equal Ray3d objects.
-     * * This tests for near equality of origin and direction -- i.e. member-by-member comparison.
-     * * Use [[isAlmostEqualPointSet]] to allow origins to be anywhere along the common ray and to have to allow the
-     * directions to be scaled or opposing.
+     * Test for nearly equal Ray3d objects by comparing their origin and direction members.
+     * @see [[isAlmostEqualPointSet]] to test for rays on the same infinite line.
      */
-    isAlmostEqual(other: Ray3d): boolean;
+    isAlmostEqual(other: Ray3d, tolerance?: number): boolean;
     /**
      * Return the dot product of the ray's direction vector with a vector from the ray origin
      * to the `spacePoint`.
@@ -58,10 +56,10 @@ export declare class Ray3d implements BeJSONFunctions {
     /** Return the `spacePoint` projected onto the ray. */
     projectPointToRay(spacePoint: Point3d): Point3d;
     /**
-     * Test for nearly equal rays, allowing origin float and direction scaling.
-     * * Use [[isAlmostEqual]] to require member-by-member comparison.
+     * Test for rays that describe the same infinite line.
+     * @see [[isAlmostEqual]] for member-by-member comparison.
      */
-    isAlmostEqualPointSet(other: Ray3d): boolean;
+    isAlmostEqualPointSet(other: Ray3d, options?: PerpParallelOptions): boolean;
     /** Create a ray from origin and direction. */
     static create(origin: Point3d, direction: Vector3d, result?: Ray3d): Ray3d;
     /**

package/lib/esm/geometry3d/Ray3d.d.ts.map

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package/lib/esm/geometry3d/Ray3d.js

@@ -65,13 +65,11 @@ export class Ray3d {
         return new Ray3d(Point3d.createZero(), Vector3d.createZero());
     }
     /**
-     * Test for nearly equal Ray3d objects.
-     * * This tests for near equality of origin and direction -- i.e. member-by-member comparison.
-     * * Use [[isAlmostEqualPointSet]] to allow origins to be anywhere along the common ray and to have to allow the
-     * directions to be scaled or opposing.
+     * Test for nearly equal Ray3d objects by comparing their origin and direction members.
+     * @see [[isAlmostEqualPointSet]] to test for rays on the same infinite line.
      */
-    isAlmostEqual(other) {
-        return this.origin.isAlmostEqual(other.origin) && this.direction.isAlmostEqual(other.direction);
+    isAlmostEqual(other, tolerance = Geometry.smallMetricDistance) {
+        return this.origin.isAlmostEqual(other.origin, tolerance) && this.direction.isAlmostEqual(other.direction, tolerance);
     }
     /**
      * Return the dot product of the ray's direction vector with a vector from the ray origin
@@ -99,27 +97,19 @@ export class Ray3d {
         return this.origin.plusScaled(this.direction, this.pointToFraction(spacePoint));
     }
     /**
-     * Test for nearly equal rays, allowing origin float and direction scaling.
-     * * Use [[isAlmostEqual]] to require member-by-member comparison.
+     * Test for rays that describe the same infinite line.
+     * @see [[isAlmostEqual]] for member-by-member comparison.
      */
-    isAlmostEqualPointSet(other) {
-        /**
-         * This function tests two rays to determine if they define the same infinite lines.
-         * So the origins can be different as long as they are on the infinite line (they can
-         * "float") but the directions must be parallel or antiparallel.
-         */
-        if (!this.direction.isParallelTo(other.direction, true))
+    isAlmostEqualPointSet(other, options) {
+        if (!this.direction.isParallelTo(other.direction, true, false, options))
             return false;
-        /**
-         * In exact math, we consider a ray to have an infinite line as direction (not a finite vector).
-         * Therefore, in exact math it is not possible for one origin to be on the other ray but not vice
-         * versa. However, we test both ways because first check may pass due to round-off errors.
-         */
+        const tol2 = options?.distanceSquaredTol ?? Geometry.smallMetricDistanceSquared;
+        // theoretically, one test below is sufficient, but perform both in case the first passes because of round-off
         let workPoint = this.projectPointToRay(other.origin);
-        if (!other.origin.isAlmostEqualMetric(workPoint))
+        if (other.origin.distanceSquared(workPoint) > tol2)
             return false;
         workPoint = other.projectPointToRay(this.origin);
-        if (!this.origin.isAlmostEqualMetric(workPoint))
+        if (this.origin.distanceSquared(workPoint) > tol2)
             return false;
         return true;
     }

package/lib/esm/geometry3d/Ray3d.js.map

@@ -1 +1 @@
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Copyright (c) Bentley Systems, Incorporated. All rights reserved.\n* See LICENSE.md in the project root for license terms and full copyright notice.\n*--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------*/\n\n/** @packageDocumentation\n * @module CartesianGeometry\n */\nimport { CurveCurveApproachType, CurveLocationDetail, CurveLocationDetailPair } from \"../curve/CurveLocationDetail\";\nimport { AxisOrder, BeJSONFunctions, Geometry } from \"../Geometry\";\nimport { SmallSystem } from \"../numerics/SmallSystem\";\nimport { Matrix3d } from \"./Matrix3d\";\nimport { Plane3dByOriginAndUnitNormal } from \"./Plane3dByOriginAndUnitNormal\";\nimport { Vector2d } from \"./Point2dVector2d\";\nimport { Point3d, Vector3d } from \"./Point3dVector3d\";\nimport { Range1d, Range3d } from \"./Range\";\nimport { Transform } from \"./Transform\";\nimport { XYAndZ } from \"./XYZProps\";\n\n// cspell:word Cramer\n/**\n * A Ray3d contains\n * * an `origin` point.\n * * a `direction` vector (The vector is not required to be normalized).\n * * an optional weight (number).\n * @public\n */\nexport class Ray3d implements BeJSONFunctions {\n  /** The ray origin */\n  public origin: Point3d;\n  /** The ray direction. This is commonly (but not always) a unit vector. */\n  public direction: Vector3d;\n  /** Numeric annotation. */\n  public a?: number; // optional (e.g. weight)\n  private static _workVector0?: Vector3d;\n  private static _workVector1?: Vector3d;\n  private static _workVector2?: Vector3d;\n  private static _workVector3?: Vector3d;\n  private static _workVector4?: Vector3d;\n  private static _workMatrix?: Matrix3d;\n  // constructor (captures references)\n  private constructor(origin: Point3d, direction: Vector3d) {\n    this.origin = origin;\n    this.direction = direction;\n    this.a = undefined;\n  }\n  private static _create(x: number, y: number, z: number, u: number, v: number, w: number) {\n    return new Ray3d(Point3d.create(x, y, z), Vector3d.create(u, v, w));\n  }\n  /** Create a ray on the x axis. */\n  public static createXAxis(): Ray3d {\n    return Ray3d._create(0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0);\n  }\n  /** Create a ray on the y axis. */\n  public static createYAxis(): Ray3d {\n    return Ray3d._create(0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0);\n  }\n  /** Create a ray on the z axis. */\n  public static createZAxis(): Ray3d {\n    return Ray3d._create(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1);\n  }\n  /** Create a ray with all zeros. */\n  public static createZero(result?: Ray3d): Ray3d {\n    if (result) {\n      result.origin.setZero();\n      result.direction.setZero();\n      return result;\n    }\n    return new Ray3d(Point3d.createZero(), Vector3d.createZero());\n  }\n  /**\n   * Test for nearly equal Ray3d objects.\n   * * This tests for near equality of origin and direction -- i.e. member-by-member comparison.\n   * * Use [[isAlmostEqualPointSet]] to allow origins to be anywhere along the common ray and to have to allow the\n   * directions to be scaled or opposing.\n   */\n  public isAlmostEqual(other: Ray3d): boolean {\n    return this.origin.isAlmostEqual(other.origin) && this.direction.isAlmostEqual(other.direction);\n  }\n  /**\n   * Return the dot product of the ray's direction vector with a vector from the ray origin\n   * to the `spacePoint`.\n   * * If the instance is the unit normal of a plane, then this method returns the (signed) altitude\n   * of `spacePoint` with respect to the plane.\n   * * Visualization can be found at https://www.itwinjs.org/sandbox/SaeedTorabi/ProjectVectorOnPlane\n   */\n  public dotProductToPoint(spacePoint: Point3d): number {\n    return this.direction.dotProductStartEnd(this.origin, spacePoint);\n  }\n  /** Return the fractional coordinate (along the direction vector) of the `spacePoint` projected to the ray. */\n  public pointToFraction(spacePoint: Point3d): number {\n    return Geometry.safeDivideFraction(\n      this.dotProductToPoint(spacePoint),\n      this.direction.magnitudeSquared(),\n      0,\n    );\n  }\n  /** Return the `spacePoint` projected onto the ray. */\n  public projectPointToRay(spacePoint: Point3d): Point3d {\n    /**\n     * To project a point to the ray, we can create a vector called \"v\" from ray origin to the spacePoint and project\n     * that vector to the ray direction vector \"r\". The projection is \"((v.r)/||r||^2) r\" where \"v.r\" is the dot\n     * product. Note that pointToFraction returns \"(v.r)/||r||^2\".\n     * Note: If r is the normal of a plane, then projection length \"(v.r)/||r||\" is the signed altitude of the\n     * spacePoint with respect to the plane.\n     */\n    return this.origin.plusScaled(this.direction, this.pointToFraction(spacePoint));\n  }\n  /**\n   * Test for nearly equal rays, allowing origin float and direction scaling.\n   * * Use [[isAlmostEqual]] to require member-by-member comparison.\n   */\n  public isAlmostEqualPointSet(other: Ray3d): boolean {\n    /**\n     * This function tests two rays to determine if they define the same infinite lines.\n     * So the origins can be different as long as they are on the infinite line (they can\n     * \"float\") but the directions must be parallel or antiparallel.\n     */\n    if (!this.direction.isParallelTo(other.direction, true))\n      return false;\n    /**\n     * In exact math, we consider a ray to have an infinite line as direction (not a finite vector).\n     * Therefore, in exact math it is not possible for one origin to be on the other ray but not vice\n     * versa. However, we test both ways because first check may pass due to round-off errors.\n     */\n    let workPoint = this.projectPointToRay(other.origin);\n    if (!other.origin.isAlmostEqualMetric(workPoint))\n      return false;\n    workPoint = other.projectPointToRay(this.origin);\n    if (!this.origin.isAlmostEqualMetric(workPoint))\n      return false;\n    return true;\n  }\n  /** Create a ray from origin and direction. */\n  public static create(origin: Point3d, direction: Vector3d, result?: Ray3d): Ray3d {\n    if (result) {\n      result.set(origin, direction);\n      return result;\n    }\n    return new Ray3d(origin.clone(), direction.clone());\n  }\n  /**\n   * Given a homogeneous point and its derivative components, construct a Ray3d with cartesian\n   * coordinates and derivatives.\n   * @param weightedPoint `[x,y,z,w]` parts of weighted point.\n   * @param weightedDerivative `[x,y,z,w]` derivatives\n   * @param result\n   */\n  public static createWeightedDerivative(\n    weightedPoint: Float64Array, weightedDerivative: Float64Array, result?: Ray3d,\n  ): Ray3d | undefined {\n    const w = weightedPoint[3];\n    const dw = weightedDerivative[3];\n    const x = weightedPoint[0];\n    const y = weightedPoint[1];\n    const z = weightedPoint[2];\n    const dx = weightedDerivative[0] * w - weightedPoint[0] * dw;\n    const dy = weightedDerivative[1] * w - weightedPoint[1] * dw;\n    const dz = weightedDerivative[2] * w - weightedPoint[2] * dw;\n    if (Geometry.isSmallMetricDistance(w))\n      return undefined;\n    const divW = 1.0 / w;\n    const divWW = divW * divW;\n    return Ray3d.createXYZUVW(\n      x * divW, y * divW, z * divW,\n      dx * divWW, dy * divWW, dz * divWW,\n      result,\n    );\n  }\n  /** Create from coordinates of the origin and direction. */\n  public static createXYZUVW(\n    originX: number, originY: number, originZ: number,\n    directionX: number, directionY: number, directionZ: number,\n    result?: Ray3d,\n  ): Ray3d {\n    if (result) {\n      result.getOriginRef().set(originX, originY, originZ);\n      result.getDirectionRef().set(directionX, directionY, directionZ);\n      return result;\n    }\n    return new Ray3d(Point3d.create(originX, originY, originZ), Vector3d.create(directionX, directionY, directionZ));\n  }\n  /** Capture origin and direction in a new Ray3d. */\n  public static createCapture(origin: Point3d, direction: Vector3d): Ray3d {\n    return new Ray3d(origin, direction);\n  }\n  /** Create from (clones of) origin, direction, and numeric weight. */\n  public static createPointVectorNumber(origin: Point3d, direction: Vector3d, a: number, result?: Ray3d): Ray3d {\n    if (result) {\n      result.origin.setFrom(origin);\n      result.direction.setFrom(direction);\n      result.a = a;\n      return result;\n    }\n    result = new Ray3d(origin.clone(), direction.clone());\n    result.a = a;\n    return result;\n  }\n  /** Create from origin and target. The direction vector is the full length (non-unit) vector from origin to target. */\n  public static createStartEnd(origin: Point3d, target: Point3d, result?: Ray3d): Ray3d {\n    if (result) {\n      result.origin.setFrom(origin);\n      result.direction.setStartEnd(origin, target);\n      return result;\n    }\n    return new Ray3d(origin.clone(), Vector3d.createStartEnd(origin, target));\n  }\n  /** Return a reference to the ray's origin. */\n  public getOriginRef(): Point3d {\n    return this.origin;\n  }\n  /** Return a reference to the ray's direction vector. */\n  public getDirectionRef(): Vector3d {\n    return this.direction;\n  }\n  /** Copy coordinates from origin and direction. */\n  public set(origin: Point3d, direction: Vector3d): void {\n    this.origin.setFrom(origin);\n    this.direction.setFrom(direction);\n  }\n  /** Clone the ray. */\n  public clone(result?: Ray3d): Ray3d {\n    if (result) {\n      result.set(this.origin.clone(), this.direction.clone());\n      return result;\n    }\n    return new Ray3d(this.origin.clone(), this.direction.clone());\n  }\n  /** Return a clone of the transformed instance */\n  public cloneTransformed(transform: Transform, result?: Ray3d): Ray3d {\n    return Ray3d.create(\n      transform.multiplyPoint3d(this.origin, result?.origin),\n      transform.multiplyVector(this.direction, result?.direction),\n      result,\n    );\n  }\n  /** Create a clone and return the inverse transform of the clone. */\n  public cloneInverseTransformed(transform: Transform, result?: Ray3d): Ray3d | undefined {\n    if (!transform.computeCachedInverse(true))\n      return undefined;\n    return Ray3d.create(\n      transform.multiplyInversePoint3d(this.origin, result?.origin)!,\n      transform.matrix.multiplyInverseXYZAsVector3d(\n        this.direction.x, this.direction.y, this.direction.z, result?.direction,\n      )!,\n      result,\n    );\n  }\n  /** Apply a transform in place. */\n  public transformInPlace(transform: Transform) {\n    transform.multiplyPoint3d(this.origin, this.origin);\n    transform.multiplyVector(this.direction, this.direction);\n  }\n  /** Copy data from another ray. */\n  public setFrom(source: Ray3d): void {\n    this.set(source.origin, source.direction);\n  }\n  /**\n   * Return a point at fractional position along the ray.\n   * * fraction 0 is the ray origin.\n   * * fraction 1 is at the end of the direction vector when placed at the origin.\n   */\n  public fractionToPoint(fraction: number, result?: Point3d): Point3d {\n    return this.origin.plusScaled(this.direction, fraction, result);\n  }\n  /**\n   * Return a transform for rigid axes at ray origin with z in ray direction.\n   * * If the direction vector is zero, axes default to identity (from [[Matrix3d.createRigidHeadsUp]])\n   */\n  public toRigidZFrame(result?: Transform): Transform {\n    const axes = Ray3d._workMatrix = Matrix3d.createRigidHeadsUp(this.direction, AxisOrder.ZXY, Ray3d._workMatrix);\n    return Transform.createOriginAndMatrix(this.origin, axes, result);\n  }\n  /** Convert {origin:[x,y,z], direction:[u,v,w]} to a Ray3d. */\n  public setFromJSON(json?: any) {\n    if (!json) {\n      this.origin.set(0, 0, 0);\n      this.direction.set(0, 0, 1);\n      return;\n    }\n    this.origin.setFromJSON(json.origin);\n    this.direction.setFromJSON(json.direction);\n  }\n  /**\n   * Construct a JSON object from this Ray3d.\n   * @return {*} [origin,normal]\n   */\n  public toJSON(): any {\n    return { origin: this.origin.toJSON(), direction: this.direction.toJSON() };\n  }\n  /** Create a new ray from json object. See `setFromJSON` for json structure; */\n  public static fromJSON(json?: any) {\n    const result = Ray3d.createXAxis();\n    result.setFromJSON(json);\n    return result;\n  }\n  /**\n   * Try to scale the direction vector to a given `magnitude`.\n   * * Returns `false` if the ray direction is a zero vector.\n   */\n  public trySetDirectionMagnitudeInPlace(magnitude: number = 1.0): boolean {\n    if (this.direction.tryNormalizeInPlace()) {\n      this.direction.scaleInPlace(magnitude);\n      return true;\n    }\n    this.direction.setZero();\n    this.a = 0.0;\n    return false;\n  }\n  /**\n   * Normalize the ray direction in place.\n   * * If parameter `a` is clearly nonzero and the direction vector can be normalized,\n   *    * Save the parameter `a` as the optional `a` member of the ray.\n   *    * Normalize the ray's direction vector.\n   * * If parameter `a` is nearly zero,\n   *    * Set the `a` member to zero.\n   *    * Set the ray's direction vector to zero.\n   * @param a value to be saved (e.g,. area).\n   * @returns `true` if `a` is nonzero and normalization was successful. Otherwise, return `false`.\n   */\n  public tryNormalizeInPlaceWithAreaWeight(a: number): boolean {\n    const tolerance = Geometry.smallMetricDistanceSquared;\n    this.a = a;\n    if (Math.abs(a) > tolerance && this.direction.tryNormalizeInPlace(tolerance))\n      return true;\n    this.direction.setZero();\n    this.a = 0.0;\n    return false;\n  }\n  /** Return distance from the ray to point in space. */\n  public distance(spacePoint: Point3d): number {\n    const uu = this.direction.magnitudeSquared();\n    const uv = this.dotProductToPoint(spacePoint);\n    const aa = Geometry.inverseMetricDistanceSquared(uu);\n    if (aa)\n      return Math.sqrt(this.origin.distanceSquared(spacePoint) - uv * uv * aa);\n    else\n      return Math.sqrt(this.origin.distanceSquared(spacePoint));\n  }\n  /**\n   * Return the intersection parameter of the line defined by the ray with a `plane`.\n   * * Stores the point of intersection in the `result` point (if passed as a parameter) and returns the parameter\n   * along the ray where the intersection occurs. If we call the parameter 'f' then the point of intersection would\n   * be `ray.origin + f * ray.direction`. Therefore:\n   *    * if ray intersects the plane at its origin, the function returns f = 0.\n   *    * if intersects at `ray.origin + ray.direction`, the function returns f = 1.\n   *    * if intersects behind the ray origin, the function returns f < 0.\n   *    * if intersects after `ray.origin + ray.direction`, the function returns f > 1.\n   * * Returns `undefined` if the ray and plane are parallel or coplanar.\n   */\n  public intersectionWithPlane(plane: Plane3dByOriginAndUnitNormal, result?: Point3d): number | undefined {\n    const vectorA = Vector3d.createStartEnd(plane.getOriginRef(), this.origin);\n    const uDotN = this.direction.dotProduct(plane.getNormalRef());\n    const nDotN = this.direction.magnitudeSquared();\n    const aDotN = vectorA.dotProduct(plane.getNormalRef());\n    const division = Geometry.conditionalDivideFraction(-aDotN, uDotN);\n    if (undefined === division)\n      return undefined;\n    const division1 = Geometry.conditionalDivideFraction(nDotN, uDotN);\n    if (undefined === division1)\n      return undefined;\n    if (result) {\n      this.origin.plusScaled(this.direction, division, result);\n    }\n    return division;\n  }\n  /**\n   * Find the intersection of the line defined by the ray with a Range3d.\n   * * Return the range of parameters (on the ray) which are \"inside\" the range.\n   * * Note that a range is always returned; if there is no intersection it is indicated by the test `result.isNull`.\n   */\n  public intersectionWithRange3d(range: Range3d, result?: Range1d): Range1d {\n    if (range.isNull)\n      return Range1d.createNull(result);\n    const interval = Range1d.createXX(-Geometry.largeCoordinateResult, Geometry.largeCoordinateResult, result);\n    if (interval.clipLinearMapToInterval(this.origin.x, this.direction.x, range.low.x, range.high.x)\n      && interval.clipLinearMapToInterval(this.origin.y, this.direction.y, range.low.y, range.high.y)\n      && interval.clipLinearMapToInterval(this.origin.z, this.direction.z, range.low.z, range.high.z)\n    )\n      return interval;\n    return interval;\n  }\n  /**\n   * Compute the intersection of the ray with a triangle.\n   * * This method is faster than `BarycentricTriangle.intersectRay3d`.\n   * @param vertex0 first vertex of the triangle\n   * @param vertex1 second vertex of the triangle\n   * @param vertex2 third vertex of the triangle\n   * @param distanceTol optional tolerance used to check if ray is parallel to the triangle or if we have line\n   * intersection but not ray intersection (if tolerance is not provided, Geometry.smallMetricDistance is used)\n   * @param parameterTol optional tolerance used to allow intersections just beyond an edge/vertex in barycentric\n   * coordinate space (if tolerance is not provided, Geometry.smallFloatingPoint is used)\n   * @param result optional pre-allocated object to fill and return\n   * @returns the intersection point if ray intersects the triangle. Otherwise, return undefined.\n  */\n  public intersectionWithTriangle(\n    vertex0: Point3d, vertex1: Point3d, vertex2: Point3d, distanceTol?: number, parameterTol?: number, result?: Point3d,\n  ): Point3d | undefined {\n    /**\n     * Let (w,u,v) be the barycentric coordinates of point P wrt the triangle (v0,v1,v2), such that\n     * P = w*v0 + u*v1 + v*v2 = (1-u-v)*v0 + u*v1 + v*v2 = v0 + u*(v1-v0) + v*(v2-v0)\n     *\n     * Then if the ray given by rayOrigin + t*rayVector intersects the triangle at P, we have\n     * v0 + u*(v1-v0) + v*(v2-v0) = rayOrigin + t*rayVector\n     *\n     * This equation can be reformulated as the following linear system:\n     *\n     * [    |          |      |  ] [t]   [      |       ]\n     * [-rayVector  v1-v0   v2-v0] [u] = [rayOrigin - v0]\n     * [    |          |      |  ] [v]   [      |       ]\n     *\n     * Then to find t, u, and v, use Cramer's Rule, the formulation of matrix determinant as column triple product,\n     * and the fact that swapping any 2 vectors in the triple product negates it:\n     *\n     * t = (v2-v0).(rayOrigin - v0) x (v1-v0) / (v1-v0).rayVector x (v2-v0)\n     * u = (rayOrigin - v0).rayVector x (v2-v0) / (v1-v0).rayVector x (v2-v0)\n     * v = -rayVector.(rayOrigin - v0) x (v1-v0) / (v1-v0).rayVector x (v2-v0)\n     *\n     * Note that we verify 0 <= u,v,w <= 1. To do so we only need to check 0 <= u <= 1, 0 <= v, and u+v <= 1:\n     * these 4 checks guarantee that v <= 1 and 0 <= u+v, and so with w = 1-(u+v), we have 0 <= w <= 1.\n     *\n     * More info be found at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moller-Trumbore_intersection_algorithm.\n     */\n    if (distanceTol === undefined || distanceTol < 0) // we explicitly allow zero tolerance\n      distanceTol = Geometry.smallMetricDistance;\n    if (parameterTol === undefined || parameterTol < 0) // we explicitly allow zero tolerance\n      parameterTol = Geometry.smallFloatingPoint;\n    const edge1 = Ray3d._workVector0 = Vector3d.createStartEnd(vertex0, vertex1, Ray3d._workVector0);\n    const edge2 = Ray3d._workVector1 = Vector3d.createStartEnd(vertex0, vertex2, Ray3d._workVector1);\n    const h = Ray3d._workVector2 = this.direction.crossProduct(edge2, Ray3d._workVector2);\n    const a = edge1.dotProduct(h);\n    if (a >= -distanceTol && a <= distanceTol)\n      return undefined; // ray is parallel to the triangle (includes coplanar case)\n    const f = 1.0 / a;\n    const s = Ray3d._workVector3 = Vector3d.createStartEnd(vertex0, this.origin, Ray3d._workVector3);\n    let u = f * s.dotProduct(h);\n    if (u < 0.0) {\n      if (u >= -parameterTol)\n        u = 0.0;\n      else\n        return undefined; // ray does not intersect the triangle\n    } else if (u > 1.0) {\n      if (u <= 1.0 + parameterTol)\n        u = 1.0;\n      else\n        return undefined; // ray does not intersect the triangle\n    }\n    const q = Ray3d._workVector4 = s.crossProduct(edge1, Ray3d._workVector4);\n    let v = f * this.direction.dotProduct(q);\n    if (v < 0.0) {\n      if (v >= -parameterTol)\n        v = 0.0;\n      else\n        return undefined;  // ray does not intersect the triangle\n    } else if (u + v > 1.0 + parameterTol) {\n      return undefined;  // ray does not intersect the triangle\n    }\n    // at this stage, we know the line (parameterized as the ray) intersects the triangle\n    const t = f * edge2.dotProduct(q);\n    if (t < -distanceTol) // line intersection but not ray intersection\n      return undefined;\n    return this.origin.plusScaled(this.direction, t, result); // ray intersection\n  }\n  /**\n   * Return the shortest vector `v` to `targetPoint` from the line defined by this ray.\n   * * If the projection of `targetPoint` onto the line defined by this ray is q, then `v  = targetPoint - q`.\n   */\n  public perpendicularPartOfVectorToTarget(targetPoint: XYAndZ, result?: Vector3d): Vector3d {\n    const vectorV = Vector3d.createStartEnd(this.origin, targetPoint);\n    const uu = this.direction.magnitudeSquared();\n    const uv = this.direction.dotProductStartEnd(this.origin, targetPoint);\n    const fraction = Geometry.safeDivideFraction(uv, uu, 0.0);\n    return vectorV.plusScaled(this.direction, -fraction, result);\n  }\n  /**\n   * Determine if two rays intersect, or are fully overlapped, or parallel but not coincident, or skew.\n   * * Return a CurveLocationDetailPair which contains fraction and point on each ray and has\n   * annotation (in member `approachType`) indicating one of these relationships:\n   *   * CurveCurveApproachType.Intersection -- the rays have a simple intersection, at fractions indicated\n   * in detailA and detailB\n   *   * CurveCurveApproachType.PerpendicularChord -- there is pair of where the rays have closest approach.\n   * The rays are skew in space.\n   *   * CurveCurveApproachType.CoincidentGeometry -- the rays are the same unbounded line in space. The\n   * fractions and points are a representative single common point.\n   *   * CurveCurveApproachType.Parallel -- the rays are parallel (and not coincident). The two points are\n   * at the minimum distance\n   */\n  public static closestApproachRay3dRay3d(rayA: Ray3d, rayB: Ray3d): CurveLocationDetailPair {\n    const intersectionFractions = Vector2d.create();\n    let fractionA, fractionB;\n    let pointA, pointB;\n    let pairType;\n    if (\n      SmallSystem.ray3dXYZUVWClosestApproachUnbounded(\n        rayA.origin.x, rayA.origin.y, rayA.origin.z, rayA.direction.x, rayA.direction.y, rayA.direction.z,\n        rayB.origin.x, rayB.origin.y, rayB.origin.z, rayB.direction.x, rayB.direction.y, rayB.direction.z,\n        intersectionFractions,\n      )\n    ) {\n      fractionA = intersectionFractions.x;\n      fractionB = intersectionFractions.y;\n      pointA = rayA.fractionToPoint(fractionA);\n      pointB = rayB.fractionToPoint(fractionB);\n      pairType = pointA.isAlmostEqualMetric(pointB) ?\n        CurveCurveApproachType.Intersection : CurveCurveApproachType.PerpendicularChord;\n    } else {\n      fractionB = 0.0;\n      fractionA = rayA.pointToFraction(rayB.origin);\n      pointA = rayA.fractionToPoint(fractionA);\n      pointB = rayB.fractionToPoint(fractionB);\n      pairType = pointA.isAlmostEqualMetric(pointB) ?\n        CurveCurveApproachType.CoincidentGeometry : CurveCurveApproachType.ParallelGeometry;\n    }\n    const pair = CurveLocationDetailPair.createCapture(\n      CurveLocationDetail.createRayFractionPoint(rayA, fractionA, rayA.fractionToPoint(fractionA)),\n      CurveLocationDetail.createRayFractionPoint(rayB, fractionB, rayB.fractionToPoint(fractionB)));\n    pair.approachType = pairType;\n    return pair;\n  }\n  /**\n   * Return a ray with `ray.origin` interpolated between `pt1` and `pt2` at the given `fraction`\n   * and `ray.direction` set to the vector from `pt1` to `pt2` multiplied by the given `tangentScale`.\n   * @param pt1 start point of the interpolation.\n   * @param fraction fractional position between points.\n   * @param pt2 end point of the interpolation.\n   * @param tangentScale scale factor to apply to the startToEnd vector.\n   * @param result optional receiver.\n   */\n  public static interpolatePointAndTangent(\n    pt1: XYAndZ, fraction: number, pt2: XYAndZ, tangentScale: number, result?: Ray3d,\n  ): Ray3d {\n    result = result ?? Ray3d.createZero();\n    const dx = pt2.x - pt1.x;\n    const dy = pt2.y - pt1.y;\n    const dz = pt2.z - pt1.z;\n    result.direction.set(tangentScale * dx, tangentScale * dy, tangentScale * dz);\n    if (fraction <= 0.5)\n      result.origin.set(pt1.x + fraction * dx, pt1.y + fraction * dy, pt1.z + fraction * dz);\n    else {\n      const t: number = fraction - 1.0;\n      result.origin.set(pt2.x + t * dx, pt2.y + t * dy, pt2.z + t * dz);\n    }\n    return result;\n  }\n}\n"]}
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Copyright (c) Bentley Systems, Incorporated. All rights reserved.\n* See LICENSE.md in the project root for license terms and full copyright notice.\n*--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------*/\n\n/** @packageDocumentation\n * @module CartesianGeometry\n */\nimport { CurveCurveApproachType, CurveLocationDetail, CurveLocationDetailPair } from \"../curve/CurveLocationDetail\";\nimport { AxisOrder, BeJSONFunctions, Geometry, PerpParallelOptions } from \"../Geometry\";\nimport { SmallSystem } from \"../numerics/SmallSystem\";\nimport { Matrix3d } from \"./Matrix3d\";\nimport { Plane3dByOriginAndUnitNormal } from \"./Plane3dByOriginAndUnitNormal\";\nimport { Vector2d } from \"./Point2dVector2d\";\nimport { Point3d, Vector3d } from \"./Point3dVector3d\";\nimport { Range1d, Range3d } from \"./Range\";\nimport { Transform } from \"./Transform\";\nimport { XYAndZ } from \"./XYZProps\";\n\n// cspell:word Cramer\n/**\n * A Ray3d contains\n * * an `origin` point.\n * * a `direction` vector (The vector is not required to be normalized).\n * * an optional weight (number).\n * @public\n */\nexport class Ray3d implements BeJSONFunctions {\n  /** The ray origin */\n  public origin: Point3d;\n  /** The ray direction. This is commonly (but not always) a unit vector. */\n  public direction: Vector3d;\n  /** Numeric annotation. */\n  public a?: number; // optional (e.g. weight)\n  private static _workVector0?: Vector3d;\n  private static _workVector1?: Vector3d;\n  private static _workVector2?: Vector3d;\n  private static _workVector3?: Vector3d;\n  private static _workVector4?: Vector3d;\n  private static _workMatrix?: Matrix3d;\n  // constructor (captures references)\n  private constructor(origin: Point3d, direction: Vector3d) {\n    this.origin = origin;\n    this.direction = direction;\n    this.a = undefined;\n  }\n  private static _create(x: number, y: number, z: number, u: number, v: number, w: number) {\n    return new Ray3d(Point3d.create(x, y, z), Vector3d.create(u, v, w));\n  }\n  /** Create a ray on the x axis. */\n  public static createXAxis(): Ray3d {\n    return Ray3d._create(0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0);\n  }\n  /** Create a ray on the y axis. */\n  public static createYAxis(): Ray3d {\n    return Ray3d._create(0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0);\n  }\n  /** Create a ray on the z axis. */\n  public static createZAxis(): Ray3d {\n    return Ray3d._create(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1);\n  }\n  /** Create a ray with all zeros. */\n  public static createZero(result?: Ray3d): Ray3d {\n    if (result) {\n      result.origin.setZero();\n      result.direction.setZero();\n      return result;\n    }\n    return new Ray3d(Point3d.createZero(), Vector3d.createZero());\n  }\n  /**\n   * Test for nearly equal Ray3d objects by comparing their origin and direction members.\n   * @see [[isAlmostEqualPointSet]] to test for rays on the same infinite line.\n   */\n  public isAlmostEqual(other: Ray3d, tolerance: number = Geometry.smallMetricDistance): boolean {\n    return this.origin.isAlmostEqual(other.origin, tolerance) && this.direction.isAlmostEqual(other.direction, tolerance);\n  }\n  /**\n   * Return the dot product of the ray's direction vector with a vector from the ray origin\n   * to the `spacePoint`.\n   * * If the instance is the unit normal of a plane, then this method returns the (signed) altitude\n   * of `spacePoint` with respect to the plane.\n   * * Visualization can be found at https://www.itwinjs.org/sandbox/SaeedTorabi/ProjectVectorOnPlane\n   */\n  public dotProductToPoint(spacePoint: Point3d): number {\n    return this.direction.dotProductStartEnd(this.origin, spacePoint);\n  }\n  /** Return the fractional coordinate (along the direction vector) of the `spacePoint` projected to the ray. */\n  public pointToFraction(spacePoint: Point3d): number {\n    return Geometry.safeDivideFraction(\n      this.dotProductToPoint(spacePoint),\n      this.direction.magnitudeSquared(),\n      0,\n    );\n  }\n  /** Return the `spacePoint` projected onto the ray. */\n  public projectPointToRay(spacePoint: Point3d): Point3d {\n    /**\n     * To project a point to the ray, we can create a vector called \"v\" from ray origin to the spacePoint and project\n     * that vector to the ray direction vector \"r\". The projection is \"((v.r)/||r||^2) r\" where \"v.r\" is the dot\n     * product. Note that pointToFraction returns \"(v.r)/||r||^2\".\n     * Note: If r is the normal of a plane, then projection length \"(v.r)/||r||\" is the signed altitude of the\n     * spacePoint with respect to the plane.\n     */\n    return this.origin.plusScaled(this.direction, this.pointToFraction(spacePoint));\n  }\n  /**\n   * Test for rays that describe the same infinite line.\n   * @see [[isAlmostEqual]] for member-by-member comparison.\n   */\n  public isAlmostEqualPointSet(other: Ray3d, options?: PerpParallelOptions): boolean {\n    if (!this.direction.isParallelTo(other.direction, true, false, options))\n      return false;\n    const tol2 = options?.distanceSquaredTol ?? Geometry.smallMetricDistanceSquared;\n    // theoretically, one test below is sufficient, but perform both in case the first passes because of round-off\n    let workPoint = this.projectPointToRay(other.origin);\n    if (other.origin.distanceSquared(workPoint) > tol2)\n      return false;\n    workPoint = other.projectPointToRay(this.origin);\n    if (this.origin.distanceSquared(workPoint) > tol2)\n      return false;\n    return true;\n  }\n  /** Create a ray from origin and direction. */\n  public static create(origin: Point3d, direction: Vector3d, result?: Ray3d): Ray3d {\n    if (result) {\n      result.set(origin, direction);\n      return result;\n    }\n    return new Ray3d(origin.clone(), direction.clone());\n  }\n  /**\n   * Given a homogeneous point and its derivative components, construct a Ray3d with cartesian\n   * coordinates and derivatives.\n   * @param weightedPoint `[x,y,z,w]` parts of weighted point.\n   * @param weightedDerivative `[x,y,z,w]` derivatives\n   * @param result\n   */\n  public static createWeightedDerivative(\n    weightedPoint: Float64Array, weightedDerivative: Float64Array, result?: Ray3d,\n  ): Ray3d | undefined {\n    const w = weightedPoint[3];\n    const dw = weightedDerivative[3];\n    const x = weightedPoint[0];\n    const y = weightedPoint[1];\n    const z = weightedPoint[2];\n    const dx = weightedDerivative[0] * w - weightedPoint[0] * dw;\n    const dy = weightedDerivative[1] * w - weightedPoint[1] * dw;\n    const dz = weightedDerivative[2] * w - weightedPoint[2] * dw;\n    if (Geometry.isSmallMetricDistance(w))\n      return undefined;\n    const divW = 1.0 / w;\n    const divWW = divW * divW;\n    return Ray3d.createXYZUVW(\n      x * divW, y * divW, z * divW,\n      dx * divWW, dy * divWW, dz * divWW,\n      result,\n    );\n  }\n  /** Create from coordinates of the origin and direction. */\n  public static createXYZUVW(\n    originX: number, originY: number, originZ: number,\n    directionX: number, directionY: number, directionZ: number,\n    result?: Ray3d,\n  ): Ray3d {\n    if (result) {\n      result.getOriginRef().set(originX, originY, originZ);\n      result.getDirectionRef().set(directionX, directionY, directionZ);\n      return result;\n    }\n    return new Ray3d(Point3d.create(originX, originY, originZ), Vector3d.create(directionX, directionY, directionZ));\n  }\n  /** Capture origin and direction in a new Ray3d. */\n  public static createCapture(origin: Point3d, direction: Vector3d): Ray3d {\n    return new Ray3d(origin, direction);\n  }\n  /** Create from (clones of) origin, direction, and numeric weight. */\n  public static createPointVectorNumber(origin: Point3d, direction: Vector3d, a: number, result?: Ray3d): Ray3d {\n    if (result) {\n      result.origin.setFrom(origin);\n      result.direction.setFrom(direction);\n      result.a = a;\n      return result;\n    }\n    result = new Ray3d(origin.clone(), direction.clone());\n    result.a = a;\n    return result;\n  }\n  /** Create from origin and target. The direction vector is the full length (non-unit) vector from origin to target. */\n  public static createStartEnd(origin: Point3d, target: Point3d, result?: Ray3d): Ray3d {\n    if (result) {\n      result.origin.setFrom(origin);\n      result.direction.setStartEnd(origin, target);\n      return result;\n    }\n    return new Ray3d(origin.clone(), Vector3d.createStartEnd(origin, target));\n  }\n  /** Return a reference to the ray's origin. */\n  public getOriginRef(): Point3d {\n    return this.origin;\n  }\n  /** Return a reference to the ray's direction vector. */\n  public getDirectionRef(): Vector3d {\n    return this.direction;\n  }\n  /** Copy coordinates from origin and direction. */\n  public set(origin: Point3d, direction: Vector3d): void {\n    this.origin.setFrom(origin);\n    this.direction.setFrom(direction);\n  }\n  /** Clone the ray. */\n  public clone(result?: Ray3d): Ray3d {\n    if (result) {\n      result.set(this.origin.clone(), this.direction.clone());\n      return result;\n    }\n    return new Ray3d(this.origin.clone(), this.direction.clone());\n  }\n  /** Return a clone of the transformed instance */\n  public cloneTransformed(transform: Transform, result?: Ray3d): Ray3d {\n    return Ray3d.create(\n      transform.multiplyPoint3d(this.origin, result?.origin),\n      transform.multiplyVector(this.direction, result?.direction),\n      result,\n    );\n  }\n  /** Create a clone and return the inverse transform of the clone. */\n  public cloneInverseTransformed(transform: Transform, result?: Ray3d): Ray3d | undefined {\n    if (!transform.computeCachedInverse(true))\n      return undefined;\n    return Ray3d.create(\n      transform.multiplyInversePoint3d(this.origin, result?.origin)!,\n      transform.matrix.multiplyInverseXYZAsVector3d(\n        this.direction.x, this.direction.y, this.direction.z, result?.direction,\n      )!,\n      result,\n    );\n  }\n  /** Apply a transform in place. */\n  public transformInPlace(transform: Transform) {\n    transform.multiplyPoint3d(this.origin, this.origin);\n    transform.multiplyVector(this.direction, this.direction);\n  }\n  /** Copy data from another ray. */\n  public setFrom(source: Ray3d): void {\n    this.set(source.origin, source.direction);\n  }\n  /**\n   * Return a point at fractional position along the ray.\n   * * fraction 0 is the ray origin.\n   * * fraction 1 is at the end of the direction vector when placed at the origin.\n   */\n  public fractionToPoint(fraction: number, result?: Point3d): Point3d {\n    return this.origin.plusScaled(this.direction, fraction, result);\n  }\n  /**\n   * Return a transform for rigid axes at ray origin with z in ray direction.\n   * * If the direction vector is zero, axes default to identity (from [[Matrix3d.createRigidHeadsUp]])\n   */\n  public toRigidZFrame(result?: Transform): Transform {\n    const axes = Ray3d._workMatrix = Matrix3d.createRigidHeadsUp(this.direction, AxisOrder.ZXY, Ray3d._workMatrix);\n    return Transform.createOriginAndMatrix(this.origin, axes, result);\n  }\n  /** Convert {origin:[x,y,z], direction:[u,v,w]} to a Ray3d. */\n  public setFromJSON(json?: any) {\n    if (!json) {\n      this.origin.set(0, 0, 0);\n      this.direction.set(0, 0, 1);\n      return;\n    }\n    this.origin.setFromJSON(json.origin);\n    this.direction.setFromJSON(json.direction);\n  }\n  /**\n   * Construct a JSON object from this Ray3d.\n   * @return {*} [origin,normal]\n   */\n  public toJSON(): any {\n    return { origin: this.origin.toJSON(), direction: this.direction.toJSON() };\n  }\n  /** Create a new ray from json object. See `setFromJSON` for json structure; */\n  public static fromJSON(json?: any) {\n    const result = Ray3d.createXAxis();\n    result.setFromJSON(json);\n    return result;\n  }\n  /**\n   * Try to scale the direction vector to a given `magnitude`.\n   * * Returns `false` if the ray direction is a zero vector.\n   */\n  public trySetDirectionMagnitudeInPlace(magnitude: number = 1.0): boolean {\n    if (this.direction.tryNormalizeInPlace()) {\n      this.direction.scaleInPlace(magnitude);\n      return true;\n    }\n    this.direction.setZero();\n    this.a = 0.0;\n    return false;\n  }\n  /**\n   * Normalize the ray direction in place.\n   * * If parameter `a` is clearly nonzero and the direction vector can be normalized,\n   *    * Save the parameter `a` as the optional `a` member of the ray.\n   *    * Normalize the ray's direction vector.\n   * * If parameter `a` is nearly zero,\n   *    * Set the `a` member to zero.\n   *    * Set the ray's direction vector to zero.\n   * @param a value to be saved (e.g,. area).\n   * @returns `true` if `a` is nonzero and normalization was successful. Otherwise, return `false`.\n   */\n  public tryNormalizeInPlaceWithAreaWeight(a: number): boolean {\n    const tolerance = Geometry.smallMetricDistanceSquared;\n    this.a = a;\n    if (Math.abs(a) > tolerance && this.direction.tryNormalizeInPlace(tolerance))\n      return true;\n    this.direction.setZero();\n    this.a = 0.0;\n    return false;\n  }\n  /** Return distance from the ray to point in space. */\n  public distance(spacePoint: Point3d): number {\n    const uu = this.direction.magnitudeSquared();\n    const uv = this.dotProductToPoint(spacePoint);\n    const aa = Geometry.inverseMetricDistanceSquared(uu);\n    if (aa)\n      return Math.sqrt(this.origin.distanceSquared(spacePoint) - uv * uv * aa);\n    else\n      return Math.sqrt(this.origin.distanceSquared(spacePoint));\n  }\n  /**\n   * Return the intersection parameter of the line defined by the ray with a `plane`.\n   * * Stores the point of intersection in the `result` point (if passed as a parameter) and returns the parameter\n   * along the ray where the intersection occurs. If we call the parameter 'f' then the point of intersection would\n   * be `ray.origin + f * ray.direction`. Therefore:\n   *    * if ray intersects the plane at its origin, the function returns f = 0.\n   *    * if intersects at `ray.origin + ray.direction`, the function returns f = 1.\n   *    * if intersects behind the ray origin, the function returns f < 0.\n   *    * if intersects after `ray.origin + ray.direction`, the function returns f > 1.\n   * * Returns `undefined` if the ray and plane are parallel or coplanar.\n   */\n  public intersectionWithPlane(plane: Plane3dByOriginAndUnitNormal, result?: Point3d): number | undefined {\n    const vectorA = Vector3d.createStartEnd(plane.getOriginRef(), this.origin);\n    const uDotN = this.direction.dotProduct(plane.getNormalRef());\n    const nDotN = this.direction.magnitudeSquared();\n    const aDotN = vectorA.dotProduct(plane.getNormalRef());\n    const division = Geometry.conditionalDivideFraction(-aDotN, uDotN);\n    if (undefined === division)\n      return undefined;\n    const division1 = Geometry.conditionalDivideFraction(nDotN, uDotN);\n    if (undefined === division1)\n      return undefined;\n    if (result) {\n      this.origin.plusScaled(this.direction, division, result);\n    }\n    return division;\n  }\n  /**\n   * Find the intersection of the line defined by the ray with a Range3d.\n   * * Return the range of parameters (on the ray) which are \"inside\" the range.\n   * * Note that a range is always returned; if there is no intersection it is indicated by the test `result.isNull`.\n   */\n  public intersectionWithRange3d(range: Range3d, result?: Range1d): Range1d {\n    if (range.isNull)\n      return Range1d.createNull(result);\n    const interval = Range1d.createXX(-Geometry.largeCoordinateResult, Geometry.largeCoordinateResult, result);\n    if (interval.clipLinearMapToInterval(this.origin.x, this.direction.x, range.low.x, range.high.x)\n      && interval.clipLinearMapToInterval(this.origin.y, this.direction.y, range.low.y, range.high.y)\n      && interval.clipLinearMapToInterval(this.origin.z, this.direction.z, range.low.z, range.high.z)\n    )\n      return interval;\n    return interval;\n  }\n  /**\n   * Compute the intersection of the ray with a triangle.\n   * * This method is faster than `BarycentricTriangle.intersectRay3d`.\n   * @param vertex0 first vertex of the triangle\n   * @param vertex1 second vertex of the triangle\n   * @param vertex2 third vertex of the triangle\n   * @param distanceTol optional tolerance used to check if ray is parallel to the triangle or if we have line\n   * intersection but not ray intersection (if tolerance is not provided, Geometry.smallMetricDistance is used)\n   * @param parameterTol optional tolerance used to allow intersections just beyond an edge/vertex in barycentric\n   * coordinate space (if tolerance is not provided, Geometry.smallFloatingPoint is used)\n   * @param result optional pre-allocated object to fill and return\n   * @returns the intersection point if ray intersects the triangle. Otherwise, return undefined.\n  */\n  public intersectionWithTriangle(\n    vertex0: Point3d, vertex1: Point3d, vertex2: Point3d, distanceTol?: number, parameterTol?: number, result?: Point3d,\n  ): Point3d | undefined {\n    /**\n     * Let (w,u,v) be the barycentric coordinates of point P wrt the triangle (v0,v1,v2), such that\n     * P = w*v0 + u*v1 + v*v2 = (1-u-v)*v0 + u*v1 + v*v2 = v0 + u*(v1-v0) + v*(v2-v0)\n     *\n     * Then if the ray given by rayOrigin + t*rayVector intersects the triangle at P, we have\n     * v0 + u*(v1-v0) + v*(v2-v0) = rayOrigin + t*rayVector\n     *\n     * This equation can be reformulated as the following linear system:\n     *\n     * [    |          |      |  ] [t]   [      |       ]\n     * [-rayVector  v1-v0   v2-v0] [u] = [rayOrigin - v0]\n     * [    |          |      |  ] [v]   [      |       ]\n     *\n     * Then to find t, u, and v, use Cramer's Rule, the formulation of matrix determinant as column triple product,\n     * and the fact that swapping any 2 vectors in the triple product negates it:\n     *\n     * t = (v2-v0).(rayOrigin - v0) x (v1-v0) / (v1-v0).rayVector x (v2-v0)\n     * u = (rayOrigin - v0).rayVector x (v2-v0) / (v1-v0).rayVector x (v2-v0)\n     * v = -rayVector.(rayOrigin - v0) x (v1-v0) / (v1-v0).rayVector x (v2-v0)\n     *\n     * Note that we verify 0 <= u,v,w <= 1. To do so we only need to check 0 <= u <= 1, 0 <= v, and u+v <= 1:\n     * these 4 checks guarantee that v <= 1 and 0 <= u+v, and so with w = 1-(u+v), we have 0 <= w <= 1.\n     *\n     * More info be found at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moller-Trumbore_intersection_algorithm.\n     */\n    if (distanceTol === undefined || distanceTol < 0) // we explicitly allow zero tolerance\n      distanceTol = Geometry.smallMetricDistance;\n    if (parameterTol === undefined || parameterTol < 0) // we explicitly allow zero tolerance\n      parameterTol = Geometry.smallFloatingPoint;\n    const edge1 = Ray3d._workVector0 = Vector3d.createStartEnd(vertex0, vertex1, Ray3d._workVector0);\n    const edge2 = Ray3d._workVector1 = Vector3d.createStartEnd(vertex0, vertex2, Ray3d._workVector1);\n    const h = Ray3d._workVector2 = this.direction.crossProduct(edge2, Ray3d._workVector2);\n    const a = edge1.dotProduct(h);\n    if (a >= -distanceTol && a <= distanceTol)\n      return undefined; // ray is parallel to the triangle (includes coplanar case)\n    const f = 1.0 / a;\n    const s = Ray3d._workVector3 = Vector3d.createStartEnd(vertex0, this.origin, Ray3d._workVector3);\n    let u = f * s.dotProduct(h);\n    if (u < 0.0) {\n      if (u >= -parameterTol)\n        u = 0.0;\n      else\n        return undefined; // ray does not intersect the triangle\n    } else if (u > 1.0) {\n      if (u <= 1.0 + parameterTol)\n        u = 1.0;\n      else\n        return undefined; // ray does not intersect the triangle\n    }\n    const q = Ray3d._workVector4 = s.crossProduct(edge1, Ray3d._workVector4);\n    let v = f * this.direction.dotProduct(q);\n    if (v < 0.0) {\n      if (v >= -parameterTol)\n        v = 0.0;\n      else\n        return undefined;  // ray does not intersect the triangle\n    } else if (u + v > 1.0 + parameterTol) {\n      return undefined;  // ray does not intersect the triangle\n    }\n    // at this stage, we know the line (parameterized as the ray) intersects the triangle\n    const t = f * edge2.dotProduct(q);\n    if (t < -distanceTol) // line intersection but not ray intersection\n      return undefined;\n    return this.origin.plusScaled(this.direction, t, result); // ray intersection\n  }\n  /**\n   * Return the shortest vector `v` to `targetPoint` from the line defined by this ray.\n   * * If the projection of `targetPoint` onto the line defined by this ray is q, then `v  = targetPoint - q`.\n   */\n  public perpendicularPartOfVectorToTarget(targetPoint: XYAndZ, result?: Vector3d): Vector3d {\n    const vectorV = Vector3d.createStartEnd(this.origin, targetPoint);\n    const uu = this.direction.magnitudeSquared();\n    const uv = this.direction.dotProductStartEnd(this.origin, targetPoint);\n    const fraction = Geometry.safeDivideFraction(uv, uu, 0.0);\n    return vectorV.plusScaled(this.direction, -fraction, result);\n  }\n  /**\n   * Determine if two rays intersect, or are fully overlapped, or parallel but not coincident, or skew.\n   * * Return a CurveLocationDetailPair which contains fraction and point on each ray and has\n   * annotation (in member `approachType`) indicating one of these relationships:\n   *   * CurveCurveApproachType.Intersection -- the rays have a simple intersection, at fractions indicated\n   * in detailA and detailB\n   *   * CurveCurveApproachType.PerpendicularChord -- there is pair of where the rays have closest approach.\n   * The rays are skew in space.\n   *   * CurveCurveApproachType.CoincidentGeometry -- the rays are the same unbounded line in space. The\n   * fractions and points are a representative single common point.\n   *   * CurveCurveApproachType.Parallel -- the rays are parallel (and not coincident). The two points are\n   * at the minimum distance\n   */\n  public static closestApproachRay3dRay3d(rayA: Ray3d, rayB: Ray3d): CurveLocationDetailPair {\n    const intersectionFractions = Vector2d.create();\n    let fractionA, fractionB;\n    let pointA, pointB;\n    let pairType;\n    if (\n      SmallSystem.ray3dXYZUVWClosestApproachUnbounded(\n        rayA.origin.x, rayA.origin.y, rayA.origin.z, rayA.direction.x, rayA.direction.y, rayA.direction.z,\n        rayB.origin.x, rayB.origin.y, rayB.origin.z, rayB.direction.x, rayB.direction.y, rayB.direction.z,\n        intersectionFractions,\n      )\n    ) {\n      fractionA = intersectionFractions.x;\n      fractionB = intersectionFractions.y;\n      pointA = rayA.fractionToPoint(fractionA);\n      pointB = rayB.fractionToPoint(fractionB);\n      pairType = pointA.isAlmostEqualMetric(pointB) ?\n        CurveCurveApproachType.Intersection : CurveCurveApproachType.PerpendicularChord;\n    } else {\n      fractionB = 0.0;\n      fractionA = rayA.pointToFraction(rayB.origin);\n      pointA = rayA.fractionToPoint(fractionA);\n      pointB = rayB.fractionToPoint(fractionB);\n      pairType = pointA.isAlmostEqualMetric(pointB) ?\n        CurveCurveApproachType.CoincidentGeometry : CurveCurveApproachType.ParallelGeometry;\n    }\n    const pair = CurveLocationDetailPair.createCapture(\n      CurveLocationDetail.createRayFractionPoint(rayA, fractionA, rayA.fractionToPoint(fractionA)),\n      CurveLocationDetail.createRayFractionPoint(rayB, fractionB, rayB.fractionToPoint(fractionB)));\n    pair.approachType = pairType;\n    return pair;\n  }\n  /**\n   * Return a ray with `ray.origin` interpolated between `pt1` and `pt2` at the given `fraction`\n   * and `ray.direction` set to the vector from `pt1` to `pt2` multiplied by the given `tangentScale`.\n   * @param pt1 start point of the interpolation.\n   * @param fraction fractional position between points.\n   * @param pt2 end point of the interpolation.\n   * @param tangentScale scale factor to apply to the startToEnd vector.\n   * @param result optional receiver.\n   */\n  public static interpolatePointAndTangent(\n    pt1: XYAndZ, fraction: number, pt2: XYAndZ, tangentScale: number, result?: Ray3d,\n  ): Ray3d {\n    result = result ?? Ray3d.createZero();\n    const dx = pt2.x - pt1.x;\n    const dy = pt2.y - pt1.y;\n    const dz = pt2.z - pt1.z;\n    result.direction.set(tangentScale * dx, tangentScale * dy, tangentScale * dz);\n    if (fraction <= 0.5)\n      result.origin.set(pt1.x + fraction * dx, pt1.y + fraction * dy, pt1.z + fraction * dz);\n    else {\n      const t: number = fraction - 1.0;\n      result.origin.set(pt2.x + t * dx, pt2.y + t * dy, pt2.z + t * dz);\n    }\n    return result;\n  }\n}\n"]}

package/lib/esm/geometry3d/SortablePolygon.d.ts

@@ -1,13 +1,10 @@
-/** @packageDocumentation
- * @module CartesianGeometry
- */
 import { AnyRegion } from "../curve/CurveTypes";
 import { Loop } from "../curve/Loop";
 import { IndexedReadWriteXYZCollection, IndexedXYZCollection } from "./IndexedXYZCollection";
 import { Point3d } from "./Point3dVector3d";
 import { Range3d } from "./Range";
 /**
- * A `SortablePolygon` carries a (single) loop with data useful for sorting for inner-outer structure.
+ * A `SortablePolygon` carries a (single) xy-loop with data useful for sorting for inner-outer structure.
  * @internal
  */
 export declare class SortablePolygon {

package/lib/esm/geometry3d/SortablePolygon.d.ts.map

@@ -1 +1 @@
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+{"version":3,"file":"SortablePolygon.d.ts","sourceRoot":"","sources":["../../../src/geometry3d/SortablePolygon.ts"],"names":[],"mappings":"AAWA,OAAO,EAAE,SAAS,EAAE,MAAM,qBAAqB,CAAC;AAEhD,OAAO,EAAE,IAAI,EAAE,MAAM,eAAe,CAAC;AAIrC,OAAO,EAAE,6BAA6B,EAAE,oBAAoB,EAAE,MAAM,wBAAwB,CAAC;AAC7F,OAAO,EAAE,OAAO,EAAE,MAAM,mBAAmB,CAAC;AAE5C,OAAO,EAAE,OAAO,EAAE,MAAM,SAAS,CAAC;AA4KlC;;;GAGG;AACH,qBAAa,eAAe;IAC1B,OAAO,CAAC,YAAY,CAAsB;IACnC,QAAQ,CAAC,EAAE,OAAO,CAAC;IACnB,OAAO,EAAE,MAAM,CAAC;IAChB,KAAK,EAAE,OAAO,CAAC;IACf,WAAW,CAAC,EAAE,MAAM,CAAC;IACrB,MAAM,EAAE,OAAO,CAAC;IAChB,cAAc,CAAC,EAAE,MAAM,CAAC;IAC/B;;;OAGG;gBACgB,IAAI,EAAE,6BAA6B,GAAG,IAAI,EAAE,KAAK,EAAE,OAAO;IAS7E;;;OAGG;WACW,WAAW,CAAC,KAAK,EAAE,eAAe,EAAE,EAAE,IAAI,EAAE,6BAA6B,GAAG,OAAO;IASjG;;;OAGG;WACW,QAAQ,CAAC,KAAK,EAAE,eAAe,EAAE,EAAE,IAAI,EAAE,IAAI,GAAG,OAAO;IASrE;;;OAGG;IACH,OAAO,CAAC,MAAM,CAAC,qBAAqB;IAyBpC,OAAO,CAAC,MAAM,CAAC,kBAAkB;IAwBjC,OAAO,CAAC,MAAM,CAAC,eAAe;WAuChB,eAAe,CAAC,KAAK,EAAE,eAAe,EAAE,GAAG,SAAS;WAYpD,4BAA4B,CAAC,KAAK,EAAE,eAAe,EAAE,GAAG,6BAA6B,EAAE,EAAE;IAIhG,WAAW,IAAI,oBAAoB,GAAG,SAAS;IAG/C,QAAQ,IAAI,IAAI,GAAG,SAAS;IAG5B,kBAAkB,CAAC,UAAU,EAAE,MAAM;IAGrC,mBAAmB,IAAI,OAAO,GAAG,SAAS;CAGlD"}

package/lib/esm/geometry3d/SortablePolygon.js

@@ -2,6 +2,9 @@
 * Copyright (c) Bentley Systems, Incorporated. All rights reserved.
 * See LICENSE.md in the project root for license terms and full copyright notice.
 *--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+/** @packageDocumentation
+ * @module CartesianGeometry
+ */
 import { CurveChain } from "../curve/CurveCollection";
 import { CurvePrimitive } from "../curve/CurvePrimitive";
 import { LineString3d } from "../curve/LineString3d";
@@ -10,15 +13,39 @@ import { ParityRegion } from "../curve/ParityRegion";
 import { RegionOps } from "../curve/RegionOps";
 import { UnionRegion } from "../curve/UnionRegion";
 import { IndexedReadWriteXYZCollection } from "./IndexedXYZCollection";
+import { Point3d } from "./Point3dVector3d";
 import { PolygonOps } from "./PolygonOps";
-/** abstract base class for area-related queries of a loop.
- * * subclasses have particular logic for `Loop` and polygon data.
+import { Ray3d } from "./Ray3d";
+/** Abstract base class for area-related queries of an xy-loop.
+ * * Subclasses have particular logic for `Loop` and polygon data.
  * @internal
  */
 class SimpleRegionCarrier {
+    /** Fractions for interior point search. */
+    searchFractions = [0.2349, 0.4142, 0.6587, 0.8193];
+    /**
+     * Given a region boundary tangent, construct a point interior to the region.
+     * @param ray point and tangent on an edge of the region (modified on return)
+     */
+    constructInteriorPoint(ray) {
+        ray.direction.z = 0.0;
+        if (!ray.direction.normalizeInPlace())
+            return undefined; // loop has zero length edge, or a vertical (gap) edge
+        ray.direction.rotate90CCWXY(ray.direction);
+        if (this.signedArea < 0.0)
+            ray.direction.scaleInPlace(-1.0); // aim toward the region interior
+        const refDistance = Math.sqrt(Math.abs(this.signedArea));
+        const candidatePoint = Point3d.create();
+        for (let fraction = 1.0e-5; fraction < 3; fraction *= 5.0) {
+            ray.fractionToPoint(fraction * refDistance, candidatePoint);
+            if (1 === this.classifyPointXY(candidatePoint))
+                return candidatePoint;
+        }
+        return undefined;
+    }
 }
 /**
- * Implement `LoopCarrier` queries with the area as a polygon carried in an `IndexedReadWriteXYZCollection`
+ * Implement `SimpleRegionCarrier` queries with the area as a polygon carried in an `IndexedReadWriteXYZCollection`.
  */
 class PolygonCarrier extends SimpleRegionCarrier {
     data;
@@ -37,14 +64,14 @@ class PolygonCarrier extends SimpleRegionCarrier {
     classifyPointXY(xy) {
         return PolygonOps.classifyPointInPolygonXY(xy.x, xy.y, this.data);
     }
-    /** Return some point "inside"
-     * NEEDS WORK: this returns a point ON --
-     */
+    /** Return some point "inside". */
     getAnyInteriorPoint() {
         for (let childIndex = 0; childIndex < this.data.length; childIndex++) {
-            const q = this.constructInteriorPointNearEdge(childIndex, 0.2349);
-            if (q !== undefined)
-                return q;
+            for (const fraction of this.searchFractions) {
+                const q = this.constructInteriorPointNearEdge(childIndex, fraction);
+                if (q !== undefined)
+                    return q;
+            }
         }
         return undefined;
     }
@@ -60,27 +87,14 @@ class PolygonCarrier extends SimpleRegionCarrier {
     }
     constructInteriorPointNearEdge(edgeIndex, fractionAlong) {
         if (edgeIndex + 1 < this.data.length) {
-            const point0 = this.data.getPoint3dAtUncheckedPointIndex(edgeIndex);
-            const point1 = this.data.getPoint3dAtUncheckedPointIndex(edgeIndex + 1);
-            const vector = point0.vectorTo(point1);
-            const point = point0.interpolate(fractionAlong, point1);
-            vector.rotate90CCWXY(vector);
-            if (vector.normalizeInPlace()) {
-                if (this._signedArea < 0)
-                    vector.scaleInPlace(-1.0);
-                const refDistance = Math.sqrt(Math.abs(this._signedArea));
-                for (let fraction = 1.0e-5; fraction < 3; fraction *= 5.0) {
-                    const candidatePoint = point.plusScaled(vector, fraction * refDistance);
-                    if (1 === this.classifyPointXY(candidatePoint))
-                        return candidatePoint;
-                }
-            }
+            const ray = Ray3d.createCapture(this.data.interpolateIndexIndex(edgeIndex, fractionAlong, edgeIndex + 1), this.data.vectorIndexIndex(edgeIndex, edgeIndex + 1));
+            return this.constructInteriorPoint(ray);
         }
         return undefined;
     }
 }
 /**
- * Implement `LoopCarrier` queries with the area as a strongly typed `Loop`
+ * Implement `SimpleRegionCarrier` queries with the area as a strongly typed `Loop`.
  */
 class LoopCarrier extends SimpleRegionCarrier {
     data;
@@ -102,28 +116,19 @@ class LoopCarrier extends SimpleRegionCarrier {
     }
     constructInteriorPointNearChild(childIndex, fractionAlong) {
         if (childIndex < this.data.children.length) {
-            const primitive = this.data.children[childIndex];
-            const ray = primitive.fractionToPointAndUnitTangent(fractionAlong);
-            ray.direction.rotate90CCWXY(ray.direction);
-            if (this._signedArea < 0.0)
-                ray.direction.scaleInPlace(-1.0);
-            const refDistance = Math.sqrt(Math.abs(this._signedArea));
-            for (let fraction = 1.0e-5; fraction < 3; fraction *= 5.0) {
-                const candidatePoint = ray.fractionToPoint(fraction * refDistance);
-                if (1 === this.classifyPointXY(candidatePoint))
-                    return candidatePoint;
-            }
+            const ray = this.data.children[childIndex].fractionToPointAndDerivative(fractionAlong);
+            return this.constructInteriorPoint(ray);
         }
         return undefined;
     }
-    /** Return some point "inside"
-     * NEEDS WORK: this returns a point ON --
-     */
+    /** Return some point "inside". */
     getAnyInteriorPoint() {
         for (let childIndex = 0; childIndex < this.data.children.length; childIndex++) {
-            const q = this.constructInteriorPointNearChild(childIndex, 0.2349);
-            if (q !== undefined)
-                return q;
+            for (const fraction of this.searchFractions) {
+                const q = this.constructInteriorPointNearChild(childIndex, fraction);
+                if (q !== undefined)
+                    return q;
+            }
         }
         return undefined;
     }
@@ -151,7 +156,7 @@ class LoopCarrier extends SimpleRegionCarrier {
     }
 }
 /**
- * A `SortablePolygon` carries a (single) loop with data useful for sorting for inner-outer structure.
+ * A `SortablePolygon` carries a (single) xy-loop with data useful for sorting for inner-outer structure.
  * @internal
  */
 export class SortablePolygon {