@hraness/dawg 0.6.0 → 0.7.0

package/core/styles/electronic.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,2723 @@
+/**
+ * Electronic dance, ambient and experimental electronic (quality-08 family
+ * `electronic`, every branch except `breakbeat-family`).
+ *
+ * The root card holds what all machine music shares: a quantised 16-step
+ * grid, 8-bar hypermeter, loop harmony, a build/drop form whose breakdown
+ * drops the kit, synth voices and a club master. Each family card holds its
+ * defining pattern (four-on-the-floor with off-beat hats for house, a
+ * rolling off-beat bass for trance, distorted kicks for hardcore, no kit
+ * for ambient) and each leaf holds only its deltas. The `summary` of every
+ * card is its theory note: the concepts that define the style, searchable
+ * from `/style search`.
+ *
+ * Theory, not material: every rhythm is an abstract step grid and every
+ * progression a functional grammar or a modal vamp. No melody, bassline,
+ * lyric or sample of any record is encoded.
+ *
+ * Reference (root): Mark J. Butler, "Unlocking the Groove: Rhythm, Meter,
+ * and Musical Design in Electronic Dance Music" (Indiana UP, 2006).
+ */
+
+import { grid, intervals, kit, maybe, role } from "./parts.ts";
+import {
+  card,
+  type RoleName,
+  type RoleTexture,
+  type SectionKind,
+  type StyleCard,
+} from "./schema.ts";
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Shared grids (16 steps = one 4/4 bar of 16ths)
+
+/** Four-on-the-floor: a kick on every beat. */
+const FOUR_FLOOR = grid("x...x...x...x...");
+/** Backbeat: beats 2 and 4. */
+const BACKBEAT = grid("....x.......x...");
+/** Half-time backbeat: beat 3 only. */
+const HALF_TIME = grid("........x.......");
+/** Off-beat 8th: the "and" of every beat. */
+const OFFBEAT = grid("..x...x...x...x.");
+const EIGHTHS = grid("x.x.x.x.x.x.x.x.");
+const SIXTEENTHS = grid("xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx");
+/** Rolling kick-bass: three 16ths after each kick, never on it. */
+const ROLLING = grid(".xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx");
+/** Tresillo: 3+3+2 sixteenths, twice per bar. */
+const TRESILLO = grid("x..x..x.x..x..x.");
+/** Syncopated electro kick (the 808 "boom ... boom-boom" shape). */
+const ELECTRO_KICK = grid("x.....x...x.x...");
+/** Two-step broken kick for downtempo and breaks. */
+const BROKEN_KICK = grid("x.....x...x.....");
+/**
+ * Gallop: the off-beat 8th plus the 16th after it, the rolling bass of
+ * progressive trance and melodic techno.
+ */
+const GALLOP = grid("..xx..xx..xx..xx");
+/** Pedal: one held note from the downbeat of each bar. */
+const DOWNBEAT = grid("x...............");
+/** Gated offbeat 16th shaker for house. */
+const SHAKER_16 = grid("x.xxx.xxx.xxx.xx");
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Kits and voices
+
+const voicesOf = (...kits: [string, number][]) =>
+  Object.freeze(kits.map(([name, w]) => kit(name, w)));
+const machine = (required: boolean, ...kits: [string, number][]) =>
+  Object.freeze({ required, voices: voicesOf(...kits) });
+const MACHINE = machine(true, ["syn909", 1], ["syn808", 0.4]);
+const MACHINE_OPT = machine(false, ["syn909", 1], ["syn808", 0.4]);
+const K808 = machine(true, ["syn808", 1]);
+const K808_OPT = machine(false, ["syn808", 1]);
+const ELECTRO = machine(true, ["electro", 1], ["syn808", 0.5]);
+const LOFI = machine(true, ["lofi", 1]);
+const LOFI_OPT = machine(false, ["lofi", 1]);
+const TRAP = machine(true, ["trap", 1]);
+const ACOUSTIC = machine(true, ["acoustic", 1]);
+const ACOUSTIC_OPT = machine(false, ["acoustic", 1]);
+
+/** Kit roles on one kit voice; the drum track takes the first role's kit. */
+function kitOn(
+  voice: RoleTexture,
+  roles: readonly RoleName[],
+  optional: readonly RoleName[] = [],
+): Record<string, RoleTexture> {
+  const out: Record<string, RoleTexture> = {};
+  for (const r of roles) out[r] = voice;
+  for (const r of optional)
+    out[r] = Object.freeze({ required: false, voices: voice.voices });
+  return out;
+}
+
+/** No kit at all (ambient textures). */
+const NO_KIT = Object.freeze({
+  kick: null,
+  snare: null,
+  clap: null,
+  rim: null,
+  tom: null,
+  hat: null,
+  openhat: null,
+  perc: null,
+  shaker: null,
+});
+
+/**
+ * Dance form: the breakdown drops the kit and bass (the defining tension
+ * of build-drop music), the intro is kit and bass for DJ mixing.
+ */
+const DANCE_ROLEMAP: Readonly<Partial<Record<SectionKind, RoleName[]>>> =
+  Object.freeze({
+    breakdown: ["pad", "chords", "lead", "arp", "drone", "counter"],
+    intro: ["kick", "hat", "openhat", "perc", "shaker", "rim", "bass", "pad"],
+  });
+
+const MINOR_SCALES = Object.freeze([
+  ["minor", 0.6],
+  ["dorian", 0.25],
+  ["phrygian", 0.15],
+] as const);
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Cards
+
+const ROOT: readonly StyleCard[] = [
+  card({
+    id: "electronic",
+    abstract: true,
+    summary:
+      "loop-based machine music: quantised 16-step grid, 8-bar hypermeter, loop harmony, build and drop",
+    tempo: { bpm: [100, 140], typical: 124 },
+    meter: { hypermeter: [[8, 1]] },
+    groove: { subdivision: 4, humanize: { timingMs: 0, velocity: 0.02 } },
+    rhythm: {
+      onsets: { kick: FOUR_FLOOR, clap: BACKBEAT, hat: OFFBEAT },
+      fills: { every: 8, density: [0.3, 0.6] },
+    },
+    pitch: { scales: MINOR_SCALES },
+    harmony: {
+      presets: [
+        ["aeolian", 0.5],
+        ["dorian-vamp", 0.3],
+        ["sad-pop", 0.2],
+      ],
+      cadences: [
+        ["bVII-I", 0.5],
+        ["V-I", 0.3],
+        ["iv-I", 0.2],
+      ],
+      rhythm: [
+        [1, 0.5],
+        [0.5, 0.5],
+      ],
+      sevenths: 0.4,
+    },
+    melody: {
+      repetition: 0.8,
+      density: [2, 3],
+      phraseBars: [
+        [2, 0.5],
+        [4, 0.5],
+      ],
+      intervals: intervals(4, 3, 1.2, 1.2),
+    },
+    bass: {
+      behaviour: [
+        ["ostinato", 0.5],
+        ["octave", 0.3],
+        ["root", 0.2],
+      ],
+      onsets: OFFBEAT,
+      kickLock: 0,
+    },
+    form: {
+      plans: [
+        [["intro", "build", "drop", "breakdown", "build", "drop", "outro"], 1],
+      ],
+      archetype: "build-drop",
+    },
+    texture: {
+      roles: {
+        snare: null,
+        kick: MACHINE,
+        clap: MACHINE,
+        hat: MACHINE,
+        openhat: MACHINE_OPT,
+        bass: role("bass", "saw:0.4", "square:0.3"),
+        chords: role("keys", "saw:0.5"),
+        pad: maybe("strings", "granular:0.4"),
+        lead: role("lead", "pluck:0.6"),
+      },
+    },
+    expression: { dynamics: [0.6, 1] },
+    mix: {
+      levels: {
+        kick: 0,
+        clap: -5,
+        hat: -9,
+        openhat: -11,
+        bass: -3,
+        chords: -8,
+        pad: -12,
+        lead: -4,
+      },
+      space: 0.3,
+      loudness: "club",
+    },
+  }),
+];
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Disco and its heirs.
+// Refs: Tim Lawrence, "Love Saves the Day" (Duke UP, 2003); Alice Echols,
+// "Hot Stuff: Disco and the Remaking of American Culture" (2010).
+
+const DISCO: readonly StyleCard[] = [
+  card({
+    id: "disco-family",
+    abstract: true,
+    summary:
+      "four-on-the-floor kick, open hat on every off-beat, octave-leaping 8th bass, string and horn pads over extended diatonic sevenths",
+    tempo: { bpm: [110, 130], typical: 120 },
+    rhythm: {
+      onsets: { hat: EIGHTHS, openhat: OFFBEAT },
+      locks: [{ kind: "avoid", a: "kick", b: "openhat" }],
+    },
+    pitch: {
+      scales: [
+        ["minor", 0.4],
+        ["dorian", 0.3],
+        ["major", 0.3],
+      ],
+    },
+    harmony: {
+      presets: [
+        ["dorian-vamp", 0.35],
+        ["ii-v-i", 0.25],
+        ["fifties", 0.2],
+        ["aeolian", 0.2],
+      ],
+      sevenths: 0.6,
+    },
+    bass: { behaviour: [["octave", 1]], onsets: EIGHTHS },
+    form: { roleMap: DANCE_ROLEMAP },
+    texture: {
+      roles: {
+        openhat: MACHINE,
+        chords: role("strings", "epiano:0.5"),
+        lead: role("strings", "lead:0.5"),
+      },
+    },
+  }),
+  card({
+    id: "disco",
+    summary:
+      "Philadelphia-rooted disco: live four-on-the-floor, 16th hi-hat lift, octave bass, string-section pads, ii-V and dorian vamps",
+    tempo: { bpm: [112, 128], typical: 118 },
+    groove: { humanize: { timingMs: 6, velocity: 0.06 } },
+    rhythm: { onsets: { hat: SIXTEENTHS, perc: grid("..x...x...x...x.") } },
+    texture: {
+      roles: {
+        kick: ACOUSTIC,
+        clap: ACOUSTIC,
+        hat: ACOUSTIC,
+        openhat: ACOUSTIC,
+        perc: maybe("bell"),
+        bass: role("ebass", "slap:0.5"),
+        chords: role("strings", "rhodes:0.4"),
+        lead: role("violins", "trumpet:0.5"),
+      },
+    },
+    mix: { loudness: "streaming" },
+  }),
+  card({
+    id: "euro-disco",
+    summary:
+      "European disco: sequenced 8th octave bass, minor-key pop progressions, string synth chords, steady drum machine",
+    tempo: { bpm: [115, 130], typical: 122 },
+    pitch: { scales: [["minor", 1]] },
+    harmony: {
+      presets: [
+        ["aeolian", 0.4],
+        ["sad-pop", 0.4],
+        ["andalusian", 0.2],
+      ],
+      sevenths: 0.2,
+    },
+    texture: {
+      roles: {
+        bass: role("saw", "bass:0.5"),
+        lead: role("lead", "strings:0.4"),
+      },
+    },
+  }),
+  card({
+    id: "italo-disco",
+    summary:
+      "Italo-disco: drum machine, 8th octave bass, arpeggiated minor triads, melancholic aeolian loops and square-wave hooks",
+    tempo: { bpm: [110, 125], typical: 118 },
+    pitch: { scales: [["minor", 1]] },
+    harmony: {
+      presets: [
+        ["aeolian", 0.5],
+        ["sad-pop", 0.5],
+      ],
+      sevenths: 0.1,
+    },
+    rhythm: { onsets: { hat: OFFBEAT, arp: SIXTEENTHS } },
+    texture: {
+      roles: {
+        kick: K808,
+        arp: role("pluck", "square:0.5"),
+        bass: role("saw"),
+        lead: role("square", "lead:0.5"),
+      },
+    },
+  }),
+  card({
+    id: "hi-nrg",
+    summary:
+      "Hi-NRG: fast 128-140 bpm four-on-the-floor, relentless 8th octave bass, minor triads, handclap backbeat",
+    tempo: { bpm: [128, 140], typical: 134 },
+    pitch: { scales: [["minor", 1]] },
+    harmony: {
+      presets: [
+        ["aeolian", 0.5],
+        ["andalusian", 0.3],
+        ["sad-pop", 0.2],
+      ],
+      rhythm: [[1, 1]],
+      sevenths: 0,
+    },
+    rhythm: { onsets: { clap: grid("....x.......x..x") } },
+    texture: { roles: { bass: role("saw", "square:0.5"), lead: role("lead") } },
+  }),
+  card({
+    id: "space-disco",
+    summary:
+      "Space disco: 16th sequencer bass and arpeggios instead of the octave bass, sweeping filter pads, dorian vamps, long phrases",
+    tempo: { bpm: [110, 122], typical: 116 },
+    meter: { hypermeter: [[16, 1]] },
+    harmony: { model: "modal", rhythm: [[0.5, 1]] },
+    bass: { behaviour: [["ostinato", 1]], onsets: SIXTEENTHS },
+    rhythm: { onsets: { arp: SIXTEENTHS } },
+    texture: {
+      roles: {
+        arp: role("pluck", "saw:0.5"),
+        pad: role("strings", "cloud:0.4"),
+        bass: role("saw"),
+        lead: role("lead", "square:0.4"),
+      },
+    },
+    mix: { fx: { pad: { autofilter: "slow-sweep" } }, space: 0.5 },
+  }),
+  card({
+    id: "nu-disco",
+    summary:
+      "Nu-disco: disco octave bass and off-beat hat at house tempo, filtered ninth chords, sidechain pump",
+    tempo: { bpm: [110, 124], typical: 118 },
+    groove: { swingRatio: [1, 1.2] },
+    harmony: { sevenths: 0.8 },
+    texture: {
+      roles: {
+        chords: role("rhodes", "keys:0.5"),
+        bass: role("ebass", "saw:0.5"),
+        lead: role("pluck", "lead:0.5"),
+      },
+    },
+    mix: { fx: { chords: { duck: "pump" } } },
+  }),
+  card({
+    id: "disco-polo",
+    summary:
+      "Disco polo: simple major-key I-V-vi-IV and I-vi-IV-V loops, oom-pah off-beat bass, bright keyboard lead",
+    tempo: { bpm: [120, 140], typical: 128 },
+    pitch: {
+      scales: [
+        ["major", 0.7],
+        ["minor", 0.3],
+      ],
+    },
+    harmony: {
+      presets: [
+        ["axis", 0.5],
+        ["fifties", 0.5],
+      ],
+      cadences: [["V-I", 1]],
+      sevenths: 0,
+    },
+    bass: { behaviour: [["root-fifth", 1]], onsets: FOUR_FLOOR },
+    texture: {
+      roles: {
+        chords: role("keys", "organ:0.4"),
+        lead: role("lead", "square:0.5"),
+      },
+    },
+  }),
+  card({
+    id: "freestyle",
+    summary:
+      "Latin freestyle: electro syncopated 808 kick, clave-like stabs, minor progressions, 16th hats",
+    tempo: { bpm: [108, 122], typical: 116 },
+    rhythm: {
+      onsets: {
+        kick: ELECTRO_KICK,
+        hat: SIXTEENTHS,
+        openhat: null,
+        perc: grid("x..x..x...x.x..."),
+      },
+      locks: [],
+    },
+    bass: { behaviour: [["ostinato", 1]], onsets: ELECTRO_KICK, kickLock: 0.8 },
+    harmony: {
+      presets: [
+        ["aeolian", 0.5],
+        ["andalusian", 0.5],
+      ],
+    },
+    texture: {
+      roles: {
+        kick: ELECTRO,
+        openhat: null,
+        perc: MACHINE_OPT,
+        bass: role("saw", "square:0.5"),
+        chords: role("keys"),
+        lead: role("lead", "square:0.5"),
+      },
+    },
+  }),
+  card({
+    id: "eurobeat",
+    summary:
+      "Eurobeat: 150-160 bpm four-on-the-floor, 8th octave bass, minor key with modal-interchange bVI-bVII-i climbs, brass-synth stabs",
+    tempo: { bpm: [148, 162], typical: 155 },
+    pitch: { scales: [["minor", 1]] },
+    harmony: {
+      presets: [
+        ["aeolian", 0.6],
+        ["andalusian", 0.4],
+      ],
+      cadences: [["bVII-I", 1]],
+      sevenths: 0,
+    },
+    texture: {
+      roles: {
+        bass: role("saw"),
+        chords: role("saw", "keys:0.5"),
+        lead: role("lead"),
+      },
+    },
+  }),
+  card({
+    id: "eurodance",
+    summary:
+      "Eurodance: 130-145 bpm four-on-the-floor, off-beat bass stabs, minor vi-IV-I-V loops, piano and supersaw hooks",
+    tempo: { bpm: [128, 145], typical: 138 },
+    pitch: { scales: [["minor", 1]] },
+    harmony: {
+      presets: [
+        ["sad-pop", 0.6],
+        ["aeolian", 0.4],
+      ],
+      sevenths: 0,
+    },
+    bass: { behaviour: [["root", 1]], onsets: OFFBEAT },
+    texture: {
+      roles: {
+        chords: role("piano", "saw:0.6"),
+        bass: role("saw"),
+        lead: role("saw", "lead:0.5"),
+      },
+    },
+  }),
+  card({
+    id: "electro-swing",
+    summary:
+      "Electro swing: triplet-swung 8ths over a four-on-the-floor kick, harmonic-minor ii-V-i, walking upright bass, clarinet and muted horns",
+    tempo: { bpm: [115, 130], typical: 124 },
+    groove: { subdivision: 2, swingRatio: [1.8, 2.2] },
+    rhythm: {
+      onsets: {
+        kick: grid("x.x.x.x."),
+        clap: grid("..x...x."),
+        hat: grid("x.x.x.x."),
+        openhat: grid(".x.x.x.x"),
+      },
+    },
+    pitch: {
+      scales: [
+        ["harmonic-minor", 0.6],
+        ["minor", 0.4],
+      ],
+    },
+    harmony: {
+      presets: [
+        ["minor-ii-v", 0.7],
+        ["andalusian", 0.3],
+      ],
+      cadences: [["V-I", 1]],
+    },
+    bass: {
+      behaviour: [["walking", 1]],
+      walk: { chordToneOnOne: 0.9, chromaticApproach: 0.3 },
+    },
+    texture: {
+      roles: {
+        bass: role("upright"),
+        chords: role("piano", "keys:0.3"),
+        lead: role("clarinet", "mutedtrumpet:0.6", "sax:0.4"),
+      },
+    },
+  }),
+];
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// House.
+// Refs: Hillegonda Rietveld, "This Is Our House" (Ashgate, 1998); Mark J.
+// Butler (2006) on four-on-the-floor and off-beat hi-hat interlock.
+
+const HOUSE: readonly StyleCard[] = [
+  card({
+    id: "house",
+    abstract: true,
+    summary:
+      "house: 118-130 bpm four-on-the-floor, clap on 2 and 4, open hat on every off-beat, piano or organ stabs, 8-bar loops",
+    tempo: { bpm: [118, 130], typical: 124 },
+    rhythm: {
+      onsets: { openhat: OFFBEAT, hat: grid("x.x.x.x.x.x.x.x.") },
+      locks: [{ kind: "avoid", a: "kick", b: "openhat" }],
+    },
+    form: { roleMap: DANCE_ROLEMAP },
+    texture: {
+      roles: { kick: MACHINE, chords: role("piano", "organ:0.5", "keys:0.5") },
+    },
+  }),
+  card({
+    id: "chicago-house",
+    summary:
+      "Chicago jack: raw 909/808 four-on-the-floor, swung 16th hats, clap on 2 and 4, two-chord piano vamp",
+    tempo: { bpm: [118, 128], typical: 122 },
+    groove: { swingRatio: [1.1, 1.3] },
+    rhythm: { onsets: { hat: SIXTEENTHS } },
+    harmony: {
+      presets: [["dorian-vamp", 1]],
+      rhythm: [[1, 1]],
+    },
+    texture: { roles: { kick: K808, chords: role("piano", "organ:0.4") } },
+  }),
+  card({
+    id: "acid-house",
+    summary:
+      "Acid house: 303 squelch bass as a 16th-note ostinato with resonant filter and accents, one-chord modal vamp, 909 jack",
+    tempo: { bpm: [118, 128], typical: 122 },
+    pitch: {
+      scales: [
+        ["phrygian", 0.4],
+        ["minor", 0.4],
+        ["dorian", 0.2],
+      ],
+    },
+    harmony: { model: "modal", rhythm: [[0.25, 1]] },
+    bass: {
+      behaviour: [["ostinato", 1]],
+      onsets: grid("x.xxx.x.xx.xx.x."),
+      range: [33, 57],
+    },
+    texture: {
+      roles: { bass: role("saw", "square:0.4"), chords: null, pad: null },
+    },
+    expression: {
+      articulation: {
+        bass: [
+          ["staccato", 0.6],
+          ["accent", 0.4],
+        ],
+      },
+    },
+    mix: { fx: { bass: { autofilter: "env-follow" } } },
+  }),
+  card({
+    id: "deep-house",
+    summary:
+      "Deep house: minor 7th and 9th dorian loops, swung 16ths (54-58 %), off-beat hat, syncopated bass that avoids the kick",
+    seedSalt: 1986,
+    tempo: { bpm: [118, 125], typical: 122 },
+    groove: { swingRatio: [1.18, 1.38], velocity: [1, 0.55, 0.8, 0.6] },
+    rhythm: {
+      onsets: {
+        kick: FOUR_FLOOR,
+        clap: BACKBEAT,
+        hat: grid("..x...x...x...x."),
+        openhat: grid("..1...1...1...1."),
+        shaker: SHAKER_16,
+      },
+    },
+    pitch: {
+      scales: [
+        ["dorian", 0.55],
+        ["minor", 0.45],
+      ],
+    },
+    harmony: {
+      presets: [
+        ["dorian-vamp", 0.6],
+        ["aeolian", 0.4],
+      ],
+      forms: [
+        [["i7", "iv7"], 0.5],
+        [["i9", "bVII", "iv7", "i7"], 0.5],
+      ],
+      sources: { presets: 1, forms: 2 },
+      rhythm: [
+        [1, 0.6],
+        [0.5, 0.4],
+      ],
+      sevenths: 0.9,
+      voicing: {
+        types: [
+          ["open", 0.6],
+          ["shell", 0.4],
+        ],
+        range: [52, 74],
+        notes: [4, 5],
+      },
+    },
+    melody: { density: [1, 2], ambitus: [5, 10], repetition: 0.85 },
+    bass: {
+      behaviour: [["ostinato", 1]],
+      range: [31, 48],
+      onsets: grid("..x..x....x..x.."),
+      kickLock: 0,
+    },
+    texture: {
+      roles: {
+        shaker: MACHINE_OPT,
+        chords: role("epiano", "organ:0.5"),
+        pad: maybe("strings"),
+        lead: maybe("pluck", "vibes:0.4"),
+      },
+    },
+    mix: { space: 0.4 },
+  }),
+  card({
+    id: "garage-house",
+    summary:
+      "Garage (NY) house: gospel organ and piano, major ii-V-I and turnaround changes with sevenths, swung hats, soulful lead",
+    tempo: { bpm: [118, 126], typical: 122 },
+    groove: { swingRatio: [1.15, 1.35] },
+    pitch: {
+      scales: [
+        ["major", 0.6],
+        ["mixolydian", 0.4],
+      ],
+    },
+    harmony: {
+      presets: [
+        ["ii-v-i", 0.5],
+        ["turnaround", 0.5],
+      ],
+      cadences: [
+        ["V-I", 0.7],
+        ["IV-I", 0.3],
+      ],
+      sevenths: 0.8,
+    },
+    texture: {
+      roles: {
+        chords: role("hammond", "piano:0.6"),
+        lead: role("choir", "rhodes:0.4"),
+      },
+    },
+  }),
+  card({
+    id: "hip-house",
+    summary:
+      "Hip house: four-on-the-floor under a hip-hop snare backbeat, rapped phrasing as dense 16th lead, sampled stab chords",
+    tempo: { bpm: [115, 126], typical: 120 },
+    rhythm: { onsets: { snare: BACKBEAT, clap: null } },
+    melody: { density: [3, 4], ambitus: [3, 7], repetition: 0.9 },
+    texture: {
+      roles: {
+        snare: K808,
+        clap: null,
+        kick: K808,
+        lead: role("lead", "vocoder:0.4"),
+      },
+    },
+  }),
+  card({
+    id: "italo-house",
+    summary:
+      "Italo house: rolling major piano stabs on off-beats, bright I-V-vi-IV loops, euphoric diva-style lead",
+    tempo: { bpm: [120, 128], typical: 124 },
+    pitch: {
+      scales: [
+        ["major", 0.7],
+        ["minor", 0.3],
+      ],
+    },
+    harmony: {
+      presets: [
+        ["axis", 0.5],
+        ["fifties", 0.5],
+      ],
+      cadences: [["V-I", 1]],
+      sevenths: 0.2,
+    },
+    rhythm: { onsets: { chords: grid("..x..x..x..x..x.") } },
+    texture: {
+      roles: { chords: role("piano"), lead: role("choir", "lead:0.5") },
+    },
+  }),
+  card({
+    id: "euro-house",
+    summary:
+      "Euro house: pop song form on four-on-the-floor, minor vi-IV-I-V loops, off-beat bass, synth riff hook",
+    tempo: { bpm: [122, 132], typical: 126 },
+    harmony: {
+      presets: [
+        ["sad-pop", 0.6],
+        ["aeolian", 0.4],
+      ],
+      sevenths: 0.1,
+    },
+    bass: { behaviour: [["root", 1]] },
+    texture: {
+      roles: {
+        chords: role("piano", "saw:0.4"),
+        lead: role("lead", "saw:0.4"),
+      },
+    },
+  }),
+  card({
+    id: "progressive-house",
+    summary:
+      "Progressive house: 16-bar hypermeter, syncopated rolling bass with 16th pickups, 16th shaker, layered plucked arpeggios, slow filter builds",
+    tempo: { bpm: [122, 128], typical: 126 },
+    meter: { hypermeter: [[16, 1]] },
+    rhythm: {
+      onsets: { arp: grid("x.xxx.xxx.xxx.xx"), shaker: SHAKER_16 },
+    },
+    bass: { onsets: grid("..x..xx...x..xx.") },
+    harmony: {
+      presets: [
+        ["aeolian", 0.6],
+        ["sad-pop", 0.4],
+      ],
+      rhythm: [[0.5, 1]],
+    },
+    texture: {
+      roles: {
+        shaker: MACHINE,
+        arp: role("pluck"),
+        pad: role("strings", "cloud:0.4"),
+        chords: role("saw"),
+      },
+    },
+    mix: { fx: { pad: { autofilter: "hpf-rise" } }, space: 0.45 },
+  }),
+  card({
+    id: "tribal-house",
+    summary:
+      "Tribal house: tom and conga polyrhythm over four-on-the-floor, tresillo perc, minimal one-chord harmony",
+    tempo: { bpm: [124, 130], typical: 127 },
+    harmony: { model: "modal", rhythm: [[0.25, 1]] },
+    rhythm: {
+      onsets: { tom: grid("..x..x....x..x.."), perc: TRESILLO, clap: null },
+    },
+    texture: {
+      roles: {
+        tom: MACHINE,
+        clap: null,
+        perc: role("framedrum", "tabla:0.3"),
+        chords: null,
+      },
+    },
+  }),
+  card({
+    id: "french-house",
+    summary:
+      "French house: filtered disco loop with sidechain pump, swung 16ths, dorian and major seventh vamps, phaser sweeps",
+    tempo: { bpm: [118, 126], typical: 123 },
+    groove: { swingRatio: [1.1, 1.3] },
+    harmony: {
+      presets: [
+        ["dorian-vamp", 0.5],
+        ["ii-v-i", 0.5],
+      ],
+      sevenths: 0.8,
+    },
+    bass: { behaviour: [["octave", 1]], onsets: EIGHTHS },
+    texture: {
+      roles: {
+        chords: role("rhodes", "strings:0.5"),
+        bass: role("ebass", "saw:0.5"),
+      },
+    },
+    mix: { fx: { chords: { djf: "dark", duck: "pump", phaser: "slow" } } },
+  }),
+  card({
+    id: "tech-house",
+    summary:
+      "Tech house: rolling 16th bass groove, percussive tops, shuffled hats, one-chord minimal harmony",
+    tempo: { bpm: [124, 128], typical: 126 },
+    groove: { swingRatio: [1.05, 1.25] },
+    harmony: { model: "modal", rhythm: [[0.25, 1]] },
+    rhythm: {
+      onsets: { perc: grid("...x..x....x..x."), rim: grid("......x.......x.") },
+    },
+    bass: { behaviour: [["ostinato", 1]], onsets: grid("..xx..x...xx..x.") },
+    texture: {
+      roles: {
+        perc: MACHINE_OPT,
+        rim: MACHINE_OPT,
+        chords: null,
+        lead: maybe("pluck"),
+      },
+    },
+  }),
+  card({
+    id: "hard-house",
+    summary:
+      "Hard house: 140-150 bpm, off-beat donk bass, distorted kick, minor riff stabs, hoover leads",
+    tempo: { bpm: [138, 152], typical: 145 },
+    bass: { behaviour: [["root", 1]], onsets: OFFBEAT },
+    texture: {
+      roles: { bass: role("square", "saw:0.5"), chords: role("saw") },
+    },
+    mix: { fx: { kick: { distort: "crunch" } }, loudness: "loud" },
+  }),
+  card({
+    id: "electro-house",
+    summary:
+      "Electro and big room house: distorted saw bass on off-beats, sparse big-room kick drop, simple minor hook, snare-roll builds",
+    tempo: { bpm: [126, 130], typical: 128 },
+    rhythm: {
+      fills: { every: 8, density: [0.6, 1] },
+      onsets: { snare: grid("....x.......x...") },
+    },
+    melody: { density: [1, 2], repetition: 0.95, ambitus: [3, 7] },
+    texture: {
+      roles: {
+        snare: MACHINE,
+        bass: role("saw"),
+        lead: role("saw", "lead:0.5"),
+      },
+    },
+    mix: { fx: { bass: { distort: "fold" } }, loudness: "loud" },
+  }),
+  card({
+    id: "minimal-house",
+    summary:
+      "Microhouse: clicks and micro-samples, sparse probabilistic perc, one-chord dub stab, low pitched density",
+    tempo: { bpm: [118, 126], typical: 122 },
+    harmony: { model: "modal", rhythm: [[0.25, 1]] },
+    rhythm: {
+      onsets: {
+        clap: grid("....5.......x..."),
+        rim: grid("..3..4...3...5.."),
+        hat: grid("..x...x...x...x."),
+      },
+    },
+    melody: { density: [0.5, 1] },
+    texture: {
+      roles: {
+        rim: MACHINE_OPT,
+        chords: role("keys"),
+        lead: maybe("grains", "microloop:0.5"),
+      },
+    },
+    mix: { fx: { rim: { crush: "lofi" } } },
+  }),
+  card({
+    id: "future-house",
+    summary:
+      "Future and bass house: metallic wobbling bass on syncopated off-beats, minor riffs, swung hats",
+    tempo: { bpm: [124, 128], typical: 126 },
+    groove: { swingRatio: [1.05, 1.2] },
+    bass: { behaviour: [["ostinato", 1]], onsets: grid("..x..x....x..xx.") },
+    texture: {
+      roles: { bass: role("saw", "square:0.5"), chords: maybe("pluck") },
+    },
+    mix: { fx: { bass: { autofilter: "wobble", distort: "fold" } } },
+  }),
+  card({
+    id: "tropical-house",
+    summary:
+      "Tropical house: 100-115 bpm, marimba and steelpan plucks, major I-V-vi-IV, soft four-on-the-floor",
+    tempo: { bpm: [100, 115], typical: 108 },
+    pitch: {
+      scales: [
+        ["major", 0.8],
+        ["major-pentatonic", 0.2],
+      ],
+    },
+    harmony: {
+      presets: [
+        ["axis", 0.6],
+        ["sad-pop", 0.4],
+      ],
+      cadences: [["IV-I", 1]],
+      sevenths: 0.2,
+    },
+    texture: {
+      roles: {
+        chords: role("keys", "nylon:0.5"),
+        lead: role("marimba", "steelpan:0.6", "flute:0.3"),
+      },
+    },
+    mix: { loudness: "streaming" },
+  }),
+  card({
+    id: "lofi-house",
+    summary:
+      "Lo-fi and outsider house: saturated lofi kit, tape wobble, swung 16ths, dorian seventh loops",
+    tempo: { bpm: [115, 125], typical: 120 },
+    groove: { swingRatio: [1.15, 1.35] },
+    harmony: { presets: [["dorian-vamp", 1]], sevenths: 0.8 },
+    texture: {
+      roles: {
+        kick: LOFI,
+        chords: role("epiano", "lofi:0.6"),
+        lead: maybe("pluck"),
+      },
+    },
+    mix: {
+      fx: { chords: { wobble: "tape", crush: "lofi" } },
+      loudness: "streaming",
+    },
+  }),
+  card({
+    id: "ghetto-house",
+    summary:
+      "Ghetto house: fast 808 four-on-the-floor, clap on every beat, 16th hats, chant-like repeated minor riff",
+    tempo: { bpm: [128, 140], typical: 132 },
+    rhythm: { onsets: { clap: FOUR_FLOOR, hat: SIXTEENTHS } },
+    harmony: { model: "modal", rhythm: [[0.25, 1]] },
+    melody: { repetition: 0.95, ambitus: [2, 5] },
+    texture: { roles: { kick: K808, chords: null } },
+  }),
+  card({
+    id: "ambient-house",
+    summary:
+      "Ambient house and Balearic: soft four-on-the-floor under long lydian and major-seventh pads, spacious reverb",
+    tempo: { bpm: [100, 118], typical: 110 },
+    pitch: {
+      scales: [
+        ["lydian", 0.5],
+        ["major", 0.5],
+      ],
+    },
+    harmony: {
+      presets: [
+        ["axis", 0.5],
+        ["canon", 0.5],
+      ],
+      cadences: [["IV-I", 1]],
+      rhythm: [[0.5, 1]],
+      sevenths: 0.7,
+    },
+    melody: { density: [0.5, 1.5] },
+    texture: {
+      roles: {
+        pad: role("strings", "cloud:0.6"),
+        lead: maybe("pluck", "nylon:0.4"),
+      },
+    },
+    mix: { space: 0.7, loudness: "streaming" },
+  }),
+  card({
+    id: "afro-house",
+    summary:
+      "Afro house: 3-3-2 bell timeline and conga interlock over four-on-the-floor, minor modal chant harmony",
+    tempo: { bpm: [118, 124], typical: 121 },
+    harmony: { model: "modal", rhythm: [[0.5, 1]] },
+    rhythm: {
+      onsets: {
+        bell: grid("x..x..x.x..x..x."),
+        perc: grid("..x..xx...x..xx."),
+        shaker: SHAKER_16,
+      },
+    },
+    texture: {
+      roles: {
+        bell: role("bell"),
+        perc: role("framedrum", "tabla:0.3"),
+        shaker: MACHINE_OPT,
+        chords: maybe("marimba", "keys:0.5"),
+        lead: role("marimba", "flute:0.4"),
+      },
+    },
+  }),
+  card({
+    id: "amapiano",
+    summary:
+      "Amapiano: 110-116 bpm, log-drum bass in tresillo syncopation, 16th shakers, jazzy major-seventh piano, sparse kick",
+    tempo: { bpm: [110, 116], typical: 113 },
+    groove: { swingRatio: [1.05, 1.25] },
+    rhythm: {
+      onsets: {
+        kick: grid("x.......x......."),
+        clap: grid("....x.......x..."),
+        shaker: SIXTEENTHS,
+      },
+    },
+    pitch: {
+      scales: [
+        ["major", 0.5],
+        ["dorian", 0.5],
+      ],
+    },
+    harmony: {
+      presets: [
+        ["ii-v-i", 0.6],
+        ["dorian-vamp", 0.4],
+      ],
+      sevenths: 0.9,
+    },
+    bass: { behaviour: [["ostinato", 1]], onsets: TRESILLO },
+    texture: {
+      roles: {
+        shaker: MACHINE,
+        bass: role("marimba", "bass:0.4"),
+        chords: role("piano", "rhodes:0.5"),
+        lead: maybe("flute", "sax:0.4"),
+      },
+    },
+  }),
+  card({
+    id: "gqom",
+    summary:
+      "Gqom: no four-on-the-floor; broken 3-3-4-3-3 kick cells, dark minor drones, sparse metallic perc",
+    tempo: { bpm: [120, 128], typical: 124 },
+    rhythm: {
+      onsets: {
+        kick: grid("x..x..x...x..x.."),
+        clap: grid("........x......."),
+        hat: grid("..x...x...x...x."),
+        tom: grid("...x.....x....x."),
+        openhat: null,
+      },
+      locks: [],
+    },
+    pitch: {
+      scales: [
+        ["phrygian", 0.5],
+        ["minor", 0.5],
+      ],
+    },
+    harmony: { model: "drone" },
+    texture: {
+      roles: {
+        tom: MACHINE,
+        openhat: null,
+        chords: null,
+        drone: role("organ", "cloud:0.5"),
+      },
+    },
+  }),
+  card({
+    id: "kwaito",
+    summary:
+      "Kwaito: slowed-down house at 100-115 bpm, heavy synth bass, call-and-response chant, minor loops",
+    tempo: { bpm: [100, 115], typical: 108 },
+    harmony: {
+      presets: [
+        ["aeolian", 0.6],
+        ["dorian-vamp", 0.4],
+      ],
+    },
+    bass: {
+      behaviour: [["ostinato", 1]],
+      onsets: grid("x..x..x...x....."),
+      kickLock: 0,
+    },
+    texture: {
+      roles: { kick: K808, bass: role("saw"), lead: role("lead", "choir:0.4") },
+    },
+  }),
+];
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Techno.
+// Refs: Dan Sicko, "Techno Rebels" (Billboard, 1999); Kodwo Eshun, "More
+// Brilliant than the Sun" (Quartet, 1998).
+
+const TECHNO: readonly StyleCard[] = [
+  card({
+    id: "techno",
+    abstract: true,
+    summary:
+      "techno: 125-140 bpm relentless four-on-the-floor, ride and hat ostinati, minimal modal harmony, timbre over chord change",
+    tempo: { bpm: [125, 140], typical: 132 },
+    harmony: { model: "modal", rhythm: [[0.25, 1]] },
+    rhythm: {
+      onsets: {
+        clap: grid("....1.......x..."),
+        perc: grid("..x..x..x...x..x"),
+      },
+    },
+    form: { roleMap: DANCE_ROLEMAP },
+    texture: {
+      roles: {
+        perc: MACHINE_OPT,
+        chords: maybe("saw", "keys:0.5"),
+        lead: role("saw", "square:0.5"),
+      },
+    },
+    melody: { repetition: 0.9, density: [2, 4] },
+  }),
+  card({
+    id: "detroit-techno",
+    summary:
+      "Detroit techno: string-pad minor ninth chords, syncopated 808/909 programming, dorian melancholy over a machine pulse",
+    tempo: { bpm: [125, 135], typical: 130 },
+    pitch: {
+      scales: [
+        ["dorian", 0.6],
+        ["minor", 0.4],
+      ],
+    },
+    harmony: {
+      model: "functional",
+      presets: [
+        ["dorian-vamp", 0.6],
+        ["aeolian", 0.4],
+      ],
+      rhythm: [[0.5, 1]],
+      sevenths: 0.9,
+    },
+    rhythm: { onsets: { hat: SIXTEENTHS } },
+    texture: {
+      roles: {
+        kick: K808,
+        chords: role("strings", "saw:0.5"),
+        pad: role("strings"),
+      },
+    },
+  }),
+  card({
+    id: "minimal-techno",
+    summary:
+      "Minimal techno: reduction to kick, clicks and one evolving tone; probabilistic rim and perc, very low pitched density",
+    tempo: { bpm: [124, 132], typical: 128 },
+    rhythm: {
+      onsets: {
+        clap: grid("............5..."),
+        rim: grid("...3..x....3..4."),
+        perc: grid(".....3.....4...."),
+      },
+    },
+    melody: { density: [0.5, 1], ambitus: [2, 5], repetition: 0.95 },
+    texture: {
+      roles: {
+        rim: MACHINE_OPT,
+        chords: null,
+        pad: null,
+        lead: role("pluck", "triangle:0.5"),
+      },
+    },
+  }),
+  card({
+    id: "dub-techno",
+    summary:
+      "Dub techno: off-beat minor seventh chord stab drowned in dub delay and reverb, sub-bass pulse, hiss and space",
+    tempo: { bpm: [115, 125], typical: 120 },
+    harmony: {
+      model: "functional",
+      presets: [["dorian-vamp", 1]],
+      sevenths: 1,
+      rhythm: [[0.25, 1]],
+    },
+    rhythm: { onsets: { chords: grid("..x.......x....."), clap: null } },
+    bass: { behaviour: [["root", 1]], onsets: grid("x.......x.......") },
+    texture: {
+      roles: {
+        clap: null,
+        chords: role("keys", "epiano:0.5"),
+        lead: null,
+        pad: maybe("cloud"),
+      },
+    },
+    mix: { fx: { chords: { autofilter: "slow-sweep" } }, space: 0.7 },
+  }),
+  card({
+    id: "hard-techno",
+    summary:
+      "Hard techno and schranz: 140-155 bpm distorted kick, looping 16th hat and perc stabs, atonal phrygian riffs",
+    tempo: { bpm: [140, 155], typical: 148 },
+    pitch: { scales: [["phrygian", 1]] },
+    rhythm: { onsets: { hat: SIXTEENTHS, perc: grid("x.xx.xx.x.xx.xx.") } },
+    texture: { roles: { chords: null, lead: role("square", "saw:0.5") } },
+    mix: {
+      fx: { kick: { distort: "crunch" }, perc: { distort: "fuzz" } },
+      loudness: "loud",
+    },
+  }),
+  card({
+    id: "acid-techno",
+    summary:
+      "Acid techno: 303 resonant-filter bass ostinato with accents and slides, 135-145 bpm, phrygian one-chord vamp",
+    tempo: { bpm: [133, 145], typical: 138 },
+    pitch: {
+      scales: [
+        ["phrygian", 0.6],
+        ["minor", 0.4],
+      ],
+    },
+    bass: {
+      behaviour: [["ostinato", 1]],
+      onsets: grid("x.xxx.xxx.x.xx.x"),
+      range: [33, 57],
+    },
+    texture: { roles: { chords: null, bass: role("saw", "square:0.4") } },
+    expression: {
+      articulation: {
+        bass: [
+          ["staccato", 0.5],
+          ["accent", 0.5],
+        ],
+      },
+    },
+    mix: { fx: { bass: { autofilter: "env-follow", distort: "warm" } } },
+  }),
+  card({
+    id: "industrial-techno",
+    summary:
+      "Industrial and warehouse techno: distorted rumble kick, metallic perc, dark phrygian drone, huge reverb",
+    tempo: { bpm: [128, 140], typical: 134 },
+    pitch: {
+      scales: [
+        ["phrygian", 0.6],
+        ["locrian", 0.4],
+      ],
+    },
+    harmony: { model: "drone" },
+    texture: {
+      roles: {
+        chords: null,
+        drone: role("organ", "swarm:0.5"),
+        lead: maybe("square"),
+      },
+    },
+    mix: {
+      fx: { kick: { distort: "fuzz" }, perc: { distort: "crunch" } },
+      space: 0.55,
+      loudness: "loud",
+    },
+  }),
+  card({
+    id: "bleep-techno",
+    summary:
+      "Bleep techno: pure sine-like bleep melodies, deep sub-bass, sparse 808 kit, minor pentatonic cells",
+    tempo: { bpm: [120, 130], typical: 125 },
+    pitch: { scales: [["minor-pentatonic", 1]] },
+    rhythm: { onsets: { hat: OFFBEAT } },
+    bass: { behaviour: [["root", 1]], onsets: grid("x.....x...x.....") },
+    texture: {
+      roles: {
+        kick: K808,
+        chords: null,
+        bass: role("triangle"),
+        lead: role("triangle", "bell:0.4"),
+      },
+    },
+  }),
+  card({
+    id: "new-beat",
+    summary:
+      "New beat: EBM slowed to 100-115 bpm, heavy snare backbeat, sequenced 8th bass, dark minor",
+    tempo: { bpm: [98, 115], typical: 108 },
+    rhythm: { onsets: { snare: BACKBEAT, clap: null, hat: EIGHTHS } },
+    bass: { behaviour: [["ostinato", 1]], onsets: EIGHTHS },
+    texture: { roles: { snare: MACHINE, clap: null, chords: maybe("saw") } },
+  }),
+  card({
+    id: "ebm",
+    summary:
+      "EBM: sequenced 8th or 16th bass ostinato, militant snare backbeat, minor/phrygian riffs, barked short phrases",
+    tempo: { bpm: [115, 130], typical: 122 },
+    pitch: {
+      scales: [
+        ["minor", 0.5],
+        ["phrygian", 0.5],
+      ],
+    },
+    rhythm: { onsets: { snare: BACKBEAT, clap: null, hat: EIGHTHS } },
+    bass: { behaviour: [["ostinato", 1]], onsets: SIXTEENTHS },
+    texture: {
+      roles: {
+        snare: MACHINE,
+        clap: null,
+        bass: role("saw", "square:0.5"),
+        chords: null,
+      },
+    },
+  }),
+  card({
+    id: "electroclash",
+    summary:
+      "Electroclash: electro kit backbeat, square-wave bass, punk-simple two-chord minor riffs, deadpan short phrases",
+    tempo: { bpm: [118, 130], typical: 124 },
+    harmony: {
+      model: "functional",
+      presets: [
+        ["aeolian", 0.5],
+        ["dorian-vamp", 0.5],
+      ],
+    },
+    rhythm: { onsets: { snare: BACKBEAT, clap: null, hat: EIGHTHS } },
+    texture: {
+      roles: {
+        kick: ELECTRO,
+        snare: ELECTRO,
+        clap: null,
+        bass: role("square"),
+        lead: role("square", "vocoder:0.3"),
+      },
+    },
+  }),
+  card({
+    id: "electro",
+    summary:
+      "Electro: syncopated 808 kick (not four-on-the-floor), snare on 2 and 4, 16th hats, vocoder and phrygian bass riffs",
+    tempo: { bpm: [120, 135], typical: 128 },
+    pitch: {
+      scales: [
+        ["phrygian", 0.5],
+        ["minor", 0.5],
+      ],
+    },
+    rhythm: {
+      onsets: {
+        kick: ELECTRO_KICK,
+        snare: BACKBEAT,
+        clap: null,
+        hat: SIXTEENTHS,
+        perc: null,
+      },
+    },
+    bass: { behaviour: [["ostinato", 1]], onsets: ELECTRO_KICK, kickLock: 0.8 },
+    texture: {
+      roles: {
+        kick: ELECTRO,
+        snare: ELECTRO,
+        clap: null,
+        perc: null,
+        lead: role("vocoder", "square:0.5"),
+      },
+    },
+  }),
+  card({
+    id: "ghettotech",
+    summary:
+      "Ghettotech: 140-160 bpm 808 four-on-the-floor, rapid 16th hats and claps, chanted one-note hooks",
+    tempo: { bpm: [140, 160], typical: 150 },
+    rhythm: { onsets: { hat: SIXTEENTHS, clap: grid("....x..x....x.x.") } },
+    melody: { repetition: 0.95, ambitus: [2, 4] },
+    texture: { roles: { kick: K808, chords: null } },
+  }),
+  card({
+    id: "skweee",
+    summary:
+      "Skweee: slow funky 90-110 bpm, square-wave leads, swung 16ths, sparse funk kick, chromatic-free minor pentatonic",
+    tempo: { bpm: [90, 110], typical: 100 },
+    groove: { swingRatio: [1.2, 1.5] },
+    pitch: {
+      scales: [
+        ["minor-pentatonic", 0.6],
+        ["dorian", 0.4],
+      ],
+    },
+    rhythm: {
+      onsets: { kick: BROKEN_KICK, snare: BACKBEAT, clap: null, perc: null },
+    },
+    texture: {
+      roles: {
+        snare: MACHINE,
+        clap: null,
+        perc: null,
+        bass: role("square"),
+        lead: role("square", "triangle:0.5"),
+      },
+    },
+  }),
+  card({
+    id: "makina",
+    summary:
+      "Makina: 160-180 bpm four-on-the-floor, off-beat bass, hoover and piano riffs, bright minor-to-major hooks",
+    tempo: { bpm: [160, 180], typical: 170 },
+    harmony: {
+      model: "functional",
+      presets: [
+        ["aeolian", 0.6],
+        ["andalusian", 0.4],
+      ],
+      rhythm: [[1, 1]],
+    },
+    bass: { behaviour: [["root", 1]], onsets: OFFBEAT },
+    texture: {
+      roles: {
+        chords: role("piano", "saw:0.5"),
+        lead: role("saw", "lead:0.5"),
+      },
+    },
+    mix: { loudness: "loud" },
+  }),
+  card({
+    id: "bouncy-techno",
+    summary:
+      "Bouncy techno and scouse house: 150-170 bpm, off-beat donk bass, cheerful major riffs, four-on-the-floor",
+    tempo: { bpm: [150, 170], typical: 160 },
+    pitch: {
+      scales: [
+        ["major", 0.6],
+        ["minor", 0.4],
+      ],
+    },
+    harmony: {
+      model: "functional",
+      presets: [
+        ["axis", 0.5],
+        ["sad-pop", 0.5],
+      ],
+      cadences: [["V-I", 1]],
+    },
+    bass: { behaviour: [["root", 1]], onsets: OFFBEAT },
+    texture: { roles: { bass: role("square"), lead: role("lead", "saw:0.4") } },
+    mix: { loudness: "loud" },
+  }),
+  card({
+    id: "melodic-techno",
+    summary:
+      "Melodic techno: 120-126 bpm, galloping 8th-plus-16th bass ostinato, closed 16th hats, minor and phrygian arpeggio sequences, long pads, one-chord modal stasis with dramatic builds",
+    tempo: { bpm: [120, 126], typical: 123 },
+    meter: { hypermeter: [[16, 1]] },
+    pitch: {
+      scales: [
+        ["minor", 0.6],
+        ["phrygian", 0.4],
+      ],
+    },
+    harmony: { model: "modal", rhythm: [[0.25, 1]] },
+    bass: { behaviour: [["ostinato", 1]], onsets: GALLOP, range: [31, 45] },
+    rhythm: { onsets: { hat: SIXTEENTHS, arp: SIXTEENTHS } },
+    texture: {
+      roles: {
+        arp: role("pluck", "saw:0.5"),
+        pad: role("strings", "cloud:0.5"),
+        lead: maybe("lead"),
+      },
+    },
+    mix: { fx: { arp: { autofilter: "slow-sweep" } }, space: 0.6 },
+  }),
+];
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Trance.
+// Refs: Graham St John, "Global Tribe: Technology, Spirituality and
+// Psytrance" (Equinox, 2012); Butler (2006) on breakdown-buildup form.
+
+const TRANCE: readonly StyleCard[] = [
+  card({
+    id: "trance-family",
+    abstract: true,
+    summary:
+      "trance: 130-145 bpm, rolling off-beat bass, gated supersaw chords, 16th arpeggios, long breakdown and build",
+    tempo: { bpm: [130, 145], typical: 138 },
+    meter: { hypermeter: [[16, 1]] },
+    pitch: { scales: [["minor", 1]] },
+    harmony: {
+      presets: [
+        ["aeolian", 0.6],
+        ["sad-pop", 0.4],
+      ],
+      rhythm: [[0.5, 1]],
+    },
+    bass: {
+      behaviour: [
+        ["octave", 0.5],
+        ["ostinato", 0.5],
+      ],
+      onsets: OFFBEAT,
+    },
+    form: { roleMap: DANCE_ROLEMAP },
+    texture: { roles: { chords: role("saw"), arp: role("pluck") } },
+    rhythm: { onsets: { arp: SHAKER_16 } },
+  }),
+  card({
+    id: "trance",
+    summary:
+      "Classic and uplifting trance: aeolian vi-IV-I-V supersaw loops, off-beat bass, 16th gated pads, soaring stepwise lead",
+    tempo: { bpm: [136, 140], typical: 138 },
+    harmony: {
+      presets: [
+        ["sad-pop", 0.5],
+        ["aeolian", 0.5],
+      ],
+      cadences: [
+        ["bVII-I", 0.6],
+        ["V-I", 0.4],
+      ],
+    },
+    melody: {
+      density: [1, 2],
+      ambitus: [7, 12],
+      intervals: intervals(4, 2.5, 1.5, 0.8, 1.2),
+    },
+    texture: {
+      roles: { pad: role("strings", "saw:0.5"), lead: role("saw", "lead:0.5") },
+    },
+    mix: { fx: { chords: { tremolo: "eighth-chop" } }, space: 0.45 },
+  }),
+  card({
+    id: "progressive-trance",
+    summary:
+      "Progressive trance: 128-134 bpm, galloping 8th-plus-16th bass, closed 16th hats, slow-evolving filtered arpeggio, sparse harmonic rhythm, restrained lead",
+    tempo: { bpm: [128, 134], typical: 132 },
+    rhythm: { onsets: { hat: SIXTEENTHS } },
+    bass: { onsets: GALLOP },
+    harmony: { rhythm: [[0.25, 1]] },
+    melody: { density: [1, 2] },
+    texture: { roles: { lead: maybe("pluck", "saw:0.4") } },
+    mix: { fx: { arp: { autofilter: "slow-sweep" } } },
+  }),
+  card({
+    id: "tech-trance",
+    summary:
+      "Tech trance: techno drive at trance tempo, percussive 16th stabs, modal one-chord harmony, minimal melody",
+    tempo: { bpm: [135, 142], typical: 138 },
+    harmony: { model: "modal", rhythm: [[0.25, 1]] },
+    rhythm: { onsets: { hat: SIXTEENTHS, perc: grid("..x..x..x..x..x.") } },
+    texture: {
+      roles: {
+        perc: MACHINE_OPT,
+        chords: null,
+        lead: role("saw", "square:0.5"),
+      },
+    },
+  }),
+  card({
+    id: "hard-trance",
+    summary:
+      "Hard trance: 145-155 bpm, distorted kick, driving off-beat bass, harsh minor supersaw riffs",
+    tempo: { bpm: [145, 155], typical: 150 },
+    harmony: {
+      presets: [
+        ["aeolian", 0.6],
+        ["andalusian", 0.4],
+      ],
+    },
+    texture: { roles: { lead: role("saw") } },
+    mix: { fx: { kick: { distort: "crunch" } }, loudness: "loud" },
+  }),
+  card({
+    id: "goa-trance",
+    summary:
+      "Goa trance: phrygian and harmonic-minor modal riffs, 16th acid-like lead lines, rolling kick-bass, no chord changes",
+    tempo: { bpm: [138, 150], typical: 145 },
+    pitch: {
+      scales: [
+        ["phrygian", 0.5],
+        ["harmonic-minor", 0.3],
+        ["phrygian-dominant", 0.2],
+      ],
+    },
+    harmony: { model: "modal", rhythm: [[0.25, 1]] },
+    bass: { behaviour: [["ostinato", 1]], onsets: ROLLING },
+    melody: {
+      density: [3, 4],
+      repetition: 0.9,
+      intervals: intervals(5, 2, 0.8, 1),
+    },
+    texture: {
+      roles: { chords: null, arp: role("saw", "pluck:0.5"), lead: role("saw") },
+    },
+    mix: { fx: { lead: { autofilter: "env-follow" } } },
+  }),
+  card({
+    id: "psytrance",
+    summary:
+      "Psytrance: rolling kick-bass (three 16th bass notes after each kick, never on it), phrygian one-chord riffs, 140-148 bpm",
+    tempo: { bpm: [140, 148], typical: 144 },
+    pitch: {
+      scales: [
+        ["phrygian", 0.7],
+        ["minor", 0.3],
+      ],
+    },
+    harmony: { model: "modal", rhythm: [[0.25, 1]] },
+    bass: { behaviour: [["ostinato", 1]], onsets: ROLLING, range: [31, 45] },
+    rhythm: { onsets: { hat: OFFBEAT, perc: grid("..x...x...x..xx.") } },
+    texture: {
+      roles: {
+        perc: MACHINE_OPT,
+        chords: null,
+        lead: role("saw", "square:0.5"),
+      },
+    },
+  }),
+  card({
+    id: "progressive-psy",
+    summary:
+      "Progressive psytrance: 134-140 bpm, rolling kick-bass in a shorter two-note 16th pattern, minor not phrygian, hypnotic filtered riffs, sparser and deeper than full-on",
+    tempo: { bpm: [134, 140], typical: 137 },
+    meter: { hypermeter: [[16, 1]] },
+    pitch: {
+      scales: [
+        ["minor", 0.7],
+        ["dorian", 0.3],
+      ],
+    },
+    harmony: { model: "modal", rhythm: [[0.25, 1]] },
+    bass: {
+      behaviour: [["ostinato", 1]],
+      onsets: grid(".xx..xx..xx..xx."),
+      range: [31, 45],
+    },
+    rhythm: { onsets: { hat: OFFBEAT, perc: grid("......x.......x.") } },
+    texture: {
+      roles: {
+        perc: MACHINE_OPT,
+        chords: null,
+        pad: maybe("cloud"),
+        lead: role("pluck", "saw:0.5"),
+      },
+    },
+    mix: { fx: { lead: { autofilter: "slow-sweep" } }, space: 0.5 },
+  }),
+  card({
+    id: "dark-psy",
+    summary:
+      "Dark psytrance and forest: 148-165 bpm rolling kick-bass, locrian and phrygian dissonance, chaotic perc",
+    tempo: { bpm: [148, 165], typical: 155 },
+    pitch: {
+      scales: [
+        ["locrian", 0.5],
+        ["phrygian", 0.5],
+      ],
+    },
+    harmony: { model: "drone" },
+    bass: { behaviour: [["ostinato", 1]], onsets: ROLLING, range: [31, 45] },
+    rhythm: { onsets: { perc: grid("x.3x.x3.x..x3.x.") } },
+    texture: {
+      roles: {
+        perc: MACHINE_OPT,
+        chords: null,
+        arp: null,
+        drone: role("swarm", "organ:0.5"),
+      },
+    },
+  }),
+  card({
+    id: "suomisaundi",
+    summary:
+      "Suomisaundi: playful psytrance with mixolydian quirks, rolling bass, absurd stop-start perc",
+    tempo: { bpm: [138, 150], typical: 145 },
+    pitch: {
+      scales: [
+        ["mixolydian", 0.5],
+        ["dorian", 0.5],
+      ],
+    },
+    harmony: { model: "modal", rhythm: [[0.25, 1]] },
+    bass: { behaviour: [["ostinato", 1]], onsets: ROLLING },
+    rhythm: { onsets: { perc: grid("x..x.x....x.x..x") } },
+    texture: {
+      roles: {
+        perc: MACHINE_OPT,
+        chords: null,
+        lead: role("square", "organ:0.4"),
+      },
+    },
+  }),
+  card({
+    id: "psybient",
+    summary:
+      "Psybient and psydub: half-tempo psychedelic ambient, dub delays, phrygian drones, sparse kit",
+    tempo: { bpm: [80, 110], typical: 95 },
+    meter: { hypermeter: [[8, 1]] },
+    pitch: {
+      scales: [
+        ["phrygian", 0.5],
+        ["dorian", 0.5],
+      ],
+    },
+    harmony: { model: "drone" },
+    rhythm: { onsets: { kick: BROKEN_KICK, clap: HALF_TIME, hat: OFFBEAT } },
+    bass: { behaviour: [["pedal", 1]] },
+    texture: {
+      roles: {
+        chords: null,
+        arp: null,
+        drone: role("cloud", "organ:0.5"),
+        pad: role("granular"),
+      },
+    },
+    mix: { space: 0.75, loudness: "streaming" },
+  }),
+];
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Hardcore and hard dance.
+// Refs: Simon Reynolds, "Energy Flash" (Picador, 1998); Butler (2006).
+
+const HARDCORE: readonly StyleCard[] = [
+  card({
+    id: "hardcore-family",
+    abstract: true,
+    summary:
+      "hardcore: 150-200 bpm, distorted overdriven kick as the lead instrument, minor riffs, loud master",
+    tempo: { bpm: [150, 200], typical: 170 },
+    harmony: {
+      presets: [
+        ["aeolian", 0.6],
+        ["andalusian", 0.4],
+      ],
+      sevenths: 0,
+    },
+    form: { roleMap: DANCE_ROLEMAP },
+    mix: { fx: { kick: { distort: "crunch" } }, loudness: "loud" },
+    texture: { roles: { kick: MACHINE } },
+  }),
+  card({
+    id: "rave-hardcore",
+    summary:
+      "Breakbeat hardcore: syncopated break snare against a four-floor-free kick, major piano stabs, rave hoover",
+    tempo: { bpm: [140, 160], typical: 150 },
+    rhythm: {
+      onsets: {
+        kick: BROKEN_KICK,
+        snare: grid("....x..1.x..x..1"),
+        clap: null,
+        hat: EIGHTHS,
+      },
+    },
+    pitch: {
+      scales: [
+        ["major", 0.5],
+        ["minor", 0.5],
+      ],
+    },
+    harmony: {
+      presets: [
+        ["axis", 0.5],
+        ["aeolian", 0.5],
+      ],
+    },
+    texture: {
+      roles: {
+        snare: MACHINE,
+        clap: null,
+        chords: role("piano"),
+        lead: role("saw", "lead:0.5"),
+      },
+    },
+    mix: { fx: { kick: { distort: "warm" } } },
+  }),
+  card({
+    id: "happy-hardcore",
+    summary:
+      "Happy hardcore: 165-180 bpm, bright major I-V-vi-IV piano, off-beat bass stabs, euphoric stepwise leads",
+    tempo: { bpm: [165, 180], typical: 172 },
+    pitch: { scales: [["major", 1]] },
+    harmony: {
+      presets: [
+        ["axis", 0.6],
+        ["fifties", 0.4],
+      ],
+      cadences: [["V-I", 1]],
+    },
+    bass: { behaviour: [["root", 1]], onsets: OFFBEAT },
+    texture: {
+      roles: { chords: role("piano"), lead: role("saw", "lead:0.5") },
+    },
+  }),
+  card({
+    id: "gabber",
+    summary:
+      "Gabber: 160-200 bpm fuzz-distorted kick on every beat that is also the bass (no separate bassline), off-beat hats, dark minor stabs",
+    tempo: { bpm: [160, 200], typical: 180 },
+    bass: { behaviour: [["none", 1]] },
+    harmony: { model: "modal", rhythm: [[0.25, 1]] },
+    texture: { roles: { chords: maybe("saw"), lead: role("saw") } },
+    mix: { fx: { kick: { distort: "fuzz" } } },
+  }),
+  card({
+    id: "doomcore",
+    summary:
+      "Doomcore: slow hardcore 140-170 bpm, phrygian and locrian drones, distorted kick, dread over melody",
+    tempo: { bpm: [140, 170], typical: 155 },
+    pitch: {
+      scales: [
+        ["phrygian", 0.5],
+        ["locrian", 0.5],
+      ],
+    },
+    harmony: { model: "drone" },
+    melody: { density: [0.5, 1.5] },
+    texture: { roles: { chords: null, drone: role("organ", "swarm:0.5") } },
+    mix: { space: 0.5 },
+  }),
+  card({
+    id: "speedcore",
+    summary:
+      "Speedcore and extratone: 250-300 bpm, kick drum as a pitched buzz, 8th or 16th kick streams, atonal",
+    tempo: { bpm: [250, 300], typical: 280 },
+    harmony: { model: "drone" },
+    rhythm: {
+      onsets: { kick: EIGHTHS, clap: null, hat: null },
+      fills: { every: 8, density: [0, 0.1] },
+    },
+    melody: { density: [0.5, 1] },
+    texture: {
+      roles: { clap: null, hat: null, chords: null, lead: maybe("square") },
+    },
+    mix: { fx: { kick: { distort: "fuzz" } } },
+  }),
+  card({
+    id: "hardstyle",
+    summary:
+      "Hardstyle: 145-155 bpm, reverse bass tail on every off-beat, pitched distorted kick, epic minor supersaw leads",
+    tempo: { bpm: [145, 155], typical: 150 },
+    bass: { behaviour: [["root", 1]], onsets: OFFBEAT },
+    texture: {
+      roles: {
+        bass: role("saw"),
+        chords: role("saw"),
+        lead: role("saw", "lead:0.5"),
+      },
+    },
+    mix: { fx: { bass: { distort: "shape" } } },
+  }),
+  card({
+    id: "jumpstyle",
+    summary:
+      "Jumpstyle: 138-145 bpm hard kick with off-beat bass, no hi-hat bed (off-beat percussion instead), two-chord minor stabs, shuffle-dance groove",
+    tempo: { bpm: [138, 145], typical: 142 },
+    groove: { swingRatio: [1.1, 1.3] },
+    rhythm: { onsets: { hat: null, perc: grid("..x...x...x...x.") } },
+    harmony: { presets: [["dorian-vamp", 1]] },
+    bass: { behaviour: [["root", 1]], onsets: OFFBEAT },
+    texture: { roles: { bass: role("square"), perc: MACHINE } },
+  }),
+  card({
+    id: "frenchcore",
+    summary:
+      "Frenchcore and uptempo: 190-210 bpm distorted kick with an off-beat bass jump, harmonic-minor riffs",
+    tempo: { bpm: [190, 210], typical: 200 },
+    pitch: {
+      scales: [
+        ["harmonic-minor", 0.6],
+        ["minor", 0.4],
+      ],
+    },
+    bass: { behaviour: [["root", 1]], onsets: OFFBEAT },
+    texture: { roles: { lead: role("saw", "violins:0.4") } },
+    mix: { fx: { kick: { distort: "fuzz" } } },
+  }),
+  card({
+    id: "j-core",
+    summary:
+      "J-core: 170-200 bpm, major anime-pop changes (canon and I-V-vi-IV), bright 16th arps, chopped breaks",
+    tempo: { bpm: [170, 200], typical: 185 },
+    pitch: { scales: [["major", 1]] },
+    harmony: {
+      presets: [
+        ["canon", 0.5],
+        ["axis", 0.5],
+      ],
+      cadences: [["V-I", 1]],
+    },
+    rhythm: { onsets: { arp: SIXTEENTHS } },
+    texture: {
+      roles: {
+        arp: role("square", "pluck:0.5"),
+        chords: role("piano", "saw:0.5"),
+        lead: role("lead", "square:0.5"),
+      },
+    },
+  }),
+  card({
+    id: "lento-violento",
+    summary:
+      "Lento violento: hardcore slowed to 90-110 bpm, heavy distorted kick, sludgy phrygian riffs",
+    tempo: { bpm: [90, 110], typical: 100 },
+    pitch: { scales: [["phrygian", 1]] },
+    harmony: { model: "modal", rhythm: [[0.25, 1]] },
+    texture: { roles: { chords: null, lead: role("saw") } },
+    mix: { fx: { kick: { distort: "fuzz" } } },
+  }),
+  card({
+    id: "freetekno",
+    summary:
+      "Freetekno: free-party 160-180 bpm, acid 303 bass, relentless four-on-the-floor, minimal modal harmony",
+    tempo: { bpm: [160, 180], typical: 170 },
+    harmony: { model: "modal", rhythm: [[0.25, 1]] },
+    bass: { behaviour: [["ostinato", 1]], onsets: grid("x.xxx.xxx.xxx.xx") },
+    texture: { roles: { chords: null, bass: role("saw") } },
+    mix: {
+      fx: { bass: { autofilter: "env-follow" }, kick: { distort: "warm" } },
+    },
+  }),
+];
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Downtempo and chill.
+// Refs: Reynolds (1998) on trip hop; Adam Harper, "Infinite Music"
+// (Zero, 2011) on vaporwave and hypnagogic pop.
+
+const DOWNTEMPO: readonly StyleCard[] = [
+  card({
+    id: "downtempo-family",
+    abstract: true,
+    summary:
+      "downtempo: 70-110 bpm, broken half-step beats, jazz-tinged seventh chords, dub space",
+    tempo: { bpm: [70, 110], typical: 90 },
+    groove: { swingRatio: [1, 1.3], humanize: { timingMs: 4, velocity: 0.05 } },
+    rhythm: {
+      onsets: {
+        kick: BROKEN_KICK,
+        snare: BACKBEAT,
+        clap: null,
+      },
+    },
+    harmony: { sevenths: 0.8 },
+    form: {
+      plans: [
+        [
+          ["intro", "verse", "chorus", "breakdown", "verse", "chorus", "outro"],
+          1,
+        ],
+      ],
+      archetype: "verse-chorus",
+    },
+    texture: {
+      roles: { snare: MACHINE, clap: null, chords: role("epiano", "keys:0.5") },
+    },
+    mix: { space: 0.5, loudness: "streaming" },
+  }),
+  card({
+    id: "downtempo",
+    summary:
+      "Downtempo: relaxed broken beat at 85-100 bpm, minor ninth loops, warm electric piano, dub delay",
+    tempo: { bpm: [85, 100], typical: 92 },
+    texture: { roles: { kick: LOFI } },
+    mix: { space: 0.6 },
+  }),
+  card({
+    id: "trip-hop",
+    summary:
+      "Trip hop: slow swung boom-bap backbeat under 100 bpm, minor and harmonic-minor strings, vinyl-crackle space",
+    tempo: { bpm: [70, 95], typical: 84 },
+    groove: { swingRatio: [1.2, 1.5] },
+    pitch: {
+      scales: [
+        ["minor", 0.6],
+        ["harmonic-minor", 0.4],
+      ],
+    },
+    harmony: {
+      presets: [
+        ["andalusian", 0.5],
+        ["aeolian", 0.5],
+      ],
+    },
+    texture: {
+      roles: {
+        kick: LOFI,
+        chords: role("strings", "rhodes:0.5"),
+        lead: role("violins", "lead:0.4"),
+      },
+    },
+    mix: { fx: { chords: { crush: "lofi" } } },
+  }),
+  card({
+    id: "illbient",
+    summary:
+      "Illbient: dub-wise dark urban ambient, half-time sparse beat, drone pedal, delay and reverb as form",
+    tempo: { bpm: [70, 90], typical: 80 },
+    harmony: { model: "drone" },
+    rhythm: { onsets: { kick: grid("x.........5....."), snare: HALF_TIME } },
+    bass: { behaviour: [["pedal", 1]] },
+    texture: { roles: { chords: null, drone: role("organ", "swarm:0.5") } },
+    mix: { space: 0.75 },
+  }),
+  card({
+    id: "leftfield",
+    summary:
+      "Leftfield: eclectic style-blending electronica at 100-120 bpm, dub bass, unusual timbres over four-on-the-floor",
+    tempo: { bpm: [100, 120], typical: 112 },
+    rhythm: { onsets: { kick: FOUR_FLOOR, hat: OFFBEAT } },
+    harmony: { model: "modal", rhythm: [[0.5, 1]] },
+    texture: {
+      roles: { lead: role("granular", "pluck:0.5"), chords: maybe("organ") },
+    },
+  }),
+  card({
+    id: "chillwave",
+    summary:
+      "Chillwave: hazy major-seventh loops, chorused synths, tape wobble, soft backbeat at 80-110 bpm",
+    tempo: { bpm: [80, 110], typical: 96 },
+    pitch: {
+      scales: [
+        ["major", 0.7],
+        ["lydian", 0.3],
+      ],
+    },
+    harmony: {
+      presets: [
+        ["axis", 0.5],
+        ["canon", 0.5],
+      ],
+      cadences: [["IV-I", 1]],
+    },
+    rhythm: { onsets: { kick: grid("x.......x......."), hat: EIGHTHS } },
+    texture: {
+      roles: {
+        kick: LOFI,
+        chords: role("keys", "dreampop:0.5"),
+        lead: role("lead"),
+      },
+    },
+    mix: { fx: { chords: { chorus: "wide", wobble: "tape" } } },
+  }),
+  card({
+    id: "vaporwave",
+    summary:
+      "Vaporwave: slowed smooth-jazz and muzak ii-V major ninths, pitched-down loop repetition, tape wobble, reverb wash",
+    tempo: { bpm: [60, 90], typical: 75 },
+    pitch: { scales: [["major", 1]] },
+    harmony: {
+      presets: [
+        ["ii-v-i", 0.7],
+        ["turnaround", 0.3],
+      ],
+      cadences: [["V-I", 1]],
+      sevenths: 1,
+    },
+    melody: { repetition: 0.95 },
+    texture: {
+      roles: {
+        chords: role("epiano", "sax:0.3"),
+        lead: role("sax", "epiano:0.4"),
+      },
+    },
+    mix: { fx: { chords: { wobble: "tape" } }, space: 0.7 },
+  }),
+  card({
+    id: "future-funk",
+    summary:
+      "Future funk: chopped disco loops at 110-125 bpm, four-on-the-floor, major ninth ii-V vamps, slap bass, sidechain pump",
+    tempo: { bpm: [110, 125], typical: 118 },
+    groove: { swingRatio: [1, 1.15] },
+    pitch: {
+      scales: [
+        ["major", 0.6],
+        ["dorian", 0.4],
+      ],
+    },
+    harmony: {
+      presets: [
+        ["ii-v-i", 0.5],
+        ["dorian-vamp", 0.5],
+      ],
+      sevenths: 0.9,
+    },
+    rhythm: { onsets: { kick: FOUR_FLOOR, snare: BACKBEAT, hat: OFFBEAT } },
+    bass: { behaviour: [["octave", 1]], onsets: EIGHTHS },
+    texture: {
+      roles: { bass: role("slap"), chords: role("rhodes", "strings:0.5") },
+    },
+    mix: { fx: { chords: { duck: "pump" } }, loudness: "club" },
+  }),
+  card({
+    id: "witch-house",
+    summary:
+      "Witch house: half-time at 60-80 bpm (snare only on beat 3), triplet hats, dark phrygian drones, 808 sub",
+    tempo: { bpm: [60, 80], typical: 70 },
+    groove: { subdivision: 3, swingRatio: [1, 1] },
+    pitch: {
+      scales: [
+        ["phrygian", 0.5],
+        ["minor", 0.5],
+      ],
+    },
+    harmony: { model: "drone" },
+    rhythm: {
+      onsets: {
+        kick: grid("x.....x....."),
+        snare: grid("......x....."),
+        hat: grid("xxxxxxxxxxxx"),
+      },
+      fills: { every: 8, density: [0, 0] },
+    },
+    bass: { behaviour: [["pedal", 1]] },
+    texture: {
+      roles: { kick: TRAP, chords: null, drone: role("choir", "organ:0.5") },
+    },
+    mix: { space: 0.7 },
+  }),
+];
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Ambient and synthesizer music.
+// Refs: Brian Eno, liner notes to "Ambient 1: Music for Airports" (1978);
+// Mark Prendergast, "The Ambient Century" (Bloomsbury, 2000).
+
+const AMBIENT: readonly StyleCard[] = [
+  card({
+    id: "ambient-family",
+    abstract: true,
+    summary:
+      "ambient: no kit, pedal-point drones and slow pads, modal stasis instead of cadence, long reverb tails",
+    tempo: { bpm: [60, 100], typical: 80 },
+    harmony: { model: "modal", rhythm: [[0.25, 1]] },
+    melody: { density: [0, 1], repetition: 0.5 },
+    bass: { behaviour: [["pedal", 1]], onsets: DOWNBEAT },
+    form: {
+      plans: [[["intro", "verse", "bridge", "verse", "outro"], 1]],
+      archetype: "through-composed",
+    },
+    texture: {
+      roles: {
+        ...NO_KIT,
+        chords: null,
+        pad: role("strings", "granular:0.6"),
+        drone: role("organ", "cloud:0.5"),
+        lead: maybe("bell", "pluck:0.5"),
+      },
+    },
+    mix: { space: 0.85, loudness: "ambient" },
+  }),
+  card({
+    id: "ambient",
+    summary:
+      "Ambient: tonic pedal with slow major and lydian modal pads, sparse bell tones, music as environment",
+    pitch: {
+      scales: [
+        ["major", 0.5],
+        ["lydian", 0.5],
+      ],
+    },
+    texture: { roles: { lead: maybe("bell", "celesta:0.5") } },
+  }),
+  card({
+    id: "dark-ambient",
+    summary:
+      "Dark ambient: phrygian and locrian drones, low swarming textures, no pulse, dread through dissonant pedal",
+    tempo: { bpm: [50, 80], typical: 65 },
+    pitch: {
+      scales: [
+        ["phrygian", 0.5],
+        ["locrian", 0.5],
+      ],
+    },
+    harmony: { model: "drone" },
+    melody: { density: [0, 0.5], range: [48, 72] },
+    texture: {
+      roles: {
+        pad: role("swarm", "granular:0.5"),
+        drone: role("organ"),
+        lead: maybe("gong", "bowl:0.5"),
+      },
+    },
+  }),
+  card({
+    id: "space-ambient",
+    summary:
+      "Space ambient: lydian raised-fourth shimmer over a sub pedal, slow cloud textures, vast reverb",
+    tempo: { bpm: [48, 66], typical: 56 },
+    pitch: { scales: [["lydian", 1]] },
+    texture: {
+      roles: {
+        pad: role("cloud", "strings:0.5"),
+        lead: maybe("sparkle", "bell:0.5"),
+      },
+    },
+    mix: { space: 0.95 },
+  }),
+  card({
+    id: "berlin-school",
+    summary:
+      "Berlin school: interlocking 16th sequencer arpeggios over an 8th sequencer bass ostinato, no kit, slow filter evolution, long modal sections",
+    tempo: { bpm: [100, 130], typical: 115 },
+    meter: { hypermeter: [[16, 1]] },
+    pitch: {
+      scales: [
+        ["minor", 0.6],
+        ["dorian", 0.4],
+      ],
+    },
+    rhythm: { onsets: { arp: SIXTEENTHS } },
+    bass: { behaviour: [["ostinato", 1]], onsets: EIGHTHS },
+    melody: { density: [1, 2] },
+    texture: {
+      roles: {
+        arp: role("saw", "pluck:0.5"),
+        pad: role("strings"),
+        lead: maybe("lead"),
+      },
+    },
+    mix: { fx: { arp: { autofilter: "slow-sweep" } } },
+  }),
+  card({
+    id: "new-age",
+    summary:
+      "New age: consonant major and pentatonic modes, harp and piano arpeggio over pads, gentle functional cadences",
+    tempo: { bpm: [60, 90], typical: 72 },
+    pitch: {
+      scales: [
+        ["major", 0.5],
+        ["major-pentatonic", 0.5],
+      ],
+    },
+    harmony: {
+      model: "functional",
+      presets: [
+        ["canon", 0.5],
+        ["axis", 0.5],
+      ],
+      cadences: [
+        ["IV-I", 0.6],
+        ["V-I", 0.4],
+      ],
+      rhythm: [[0.5, 1]],
+    },
+    texture: {
+      roles: {
+        chords: role("harp", "piano:0.6"),
+        lead: role("flute", "piano:0.5"),
+      },
+    },
+  }),
+  card({
+    id: "dungeon-synth",
+    summary:
+      "Dungeon synth: lo-fi organ and string synth in harmonic minor, i-iv-V and Andalusian descents, medieval drone",
+    tempo: { bpm: [60, 100], typical: 80 },
+    pitch: {
+      scales: [
+        ["harmonic-minor", 0.5],
+        ["minor", 0.5],
+      ],
+    },
+    harmony: {
+      model: "functional",
+      presets: [
+        ["andalusian", 0.5],
+        ["aeolian", 0.5],
+      ],
+      cadences: [["V-I", 1]],
+      rhythm: [[1, 1]],
+      sevenths: 0,
+    },
+    melody: { density: [1, 2] },
+    texture: {
+      roles: {
+        chords: role("organ", "strings:0.5"),
+        lead: role("flute", "organ:0.5"),
+        drone: null,
+      },
+    },
+    mix: { fx: { chords: { crush: "lofi" } } },
+  }),
+  card({
+    id: "ambient-techno",
+    summary:
+      "Ambient techno: soft four-on-the-floor and off-beat hat under long dorian pads, dub chord echoes",
+    tempo: { bpm: [110, 125], typical: 118 },
+    pitch: {
+      scales: [
+        ["dorian", 0.6],
+        ["minor", 0.4],
+      ],
+    },
+    rhythm: { onsets: { kick: FOUR_FLOOR, hat: OFFBEAT } },
+    texture: { roles: { kick: K808, hat: K808_OPT } },
+    mix: { space: 0.7, loudness: "streaming" },
+  }),
+  card({
+    id: "japanese-ambient",
+    summary:
+      "Kankyo ongaku: environmental music in major pentatonic, sparse marimba and piano cells, silence as structure",
+    tempo: { bpm: [60, 90], typical: 72 },
+    pitch: { scales: [["major-pentatonic", 1]] },
+    melody: { density: [0.5, 1], repetition: 0.7 },
+    texture: {
+      roles: {
+        pad: role("felt", "strings:0.4"),
+        lead: role("marimba", "piano:0.5", "vibes:0.3"),
+        drone: null,
+      },
+    },
+    mix: { space: 0.6 },
+  }),
+];
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// IDM and experimental electronic.
+// Refs: Kim Cascone, "The Aesthetics of Failure" (Computer Music Journal
+// 24:4, 2000); S. Alexander Reed, "Assimilate: A Critical History of
+// Industrial Music" (Oxford UP, 2013).
+
+const IDM: readonly StyleCard[] = [
+  card({
+    id: "idm-family",
+    abstract: true,
+    summary:
+      "IDM: irregular programmed beats, additive 7/8 and 5/4 groupings, probabilistic ghost hits, modal color",
+    meter: {
+      signatures: [
+        ["4/4", 0.6],
+        ["7/8", 0.2],
+        ["5/4", 0.2],
+      ],
+    },
+    harmony: { model: "modal" },
+    rhythm: {
+      onsets: {
+        kick: grid("x..1..x...1.x..."),
+        clap: grid("....x..1....x.1."),
+        hat: grid("x1x1x1x1x1x1x1x1"),
+      },
+    },
+  }),
+  card({
+    id: "idm",
+    summary:
+      "IDM: displaced kick and snare, 16th ghost-note programming, additive meters, warm modal pads",
+    texture: {
+      roles: {
+        pad: role("strings", "granular:0.4"),
+        lead: role("pluck", "bell:0.4"),
+      },
+    },
+  }),
+  card({
+    id: "glitch",
+    summary:
+      "Glitch electronica: clicks, skips and bit-crushed micro-edits as rhythm, aesthetics of failure, sparse modal pitch",
+    rhythm: {
+      onsets: { rim: grid("3.3..4.3.3..4..3"), perc: grid(".4..3.4...3.4..3") },
+    },
+    melody: { density: [0.5, 1.5] },
+    texture: {
+      roles: {
+        rim: MACHINE_OPT,
+        perc: MACHINE_OPT,
+        lead: role("microloop", "grains:0.5"),
+      },
+    },
+    mix: { fx: { rim: { crush: "destroy" }, perc: { crush: "8-bit" } } },
+  }),
+  card({
+    id: "folktronica",
+    summary:
+      "Folktronica: fingerpicked acoustic guitar and folk modes (mixolydian, dorian) over programmed beats",
+    tempo: { bpm: [85, 120], typical: 100 },
+    pitch: {
+      scales: [
+        ["mixolydian", 0.5],
+        ["dorian", 0.5],
+      ],
+    },
+    harmony: {
+      model: "functional",
+      presets: [
+        ["mixolydian-rock", 0.5],
+        ["dorian-vamp", 0.5],
+      ],
+    },
+    texture: {
+      roles: {
+        chords: role("nylon", "steel:0.5"),
+        lead: role("flute", "kalimba:0.5"),
+      },
+    },
+  }),
+  card({
+    id: "electronica",
+    summary:
+      "Electronica: song-length electronic pop structures, minor and dorian loops, clean programmed beats",
+    meter: { signatures: [["4/4", 1]] },
+    harmony: {
+      model: "functional",
+      presets: [
+        ["aeolian", 0.5],
+        ["sad-pop", 0.5],
+      ],
+    },
+    texture: {
+      roles: {
+        chords: role("keys", "saw:0.5"),
+        lead: role("lead", "pluck:0.5"),
+      },
+    },
+  }),
+  card({
+    id: "industrial",
+    summary:
+      "Industrial: metallic perc and noise loops, distorted machine beats, phrygian and locrian riffs, harsh timbre",
+    tempo: { bpm: [100, 130], typical: 115 },
+    meter: { signatures: [["4/4", 1]] },
+    pitch: {
+      scales: [
+        ["phrygian", 0.5],
+        ["locrian", 0.5],
+      ],
+    },
+    rhythm: {
+      onsets: {
+        kick: FOUR_FLOOR,
+        snare: BACKBEAT,
+        clap: null,
+        perc: grid("x..x..x...x..x.."),
+      },
+    },
+    texture: {
+      roles: {
+        snare: MACHINE,
+        clap: null,
+        perc: MACHINE_OPT,
+        lead: role("saw"),
+      },
+    },
+    mix: {
+      fx: { snare: { distort: "fuzz" }, perc: { distort: "crunch" } },
+      loudness: "loud",
+    },
+  }),
+  card({
+    id: "aggrotech",
+    summary:
+      "Aggrotech and dark electro: distorted four-on-the-floor EBM drive, harmonic-minor supersaw riffs, harsh snare",
+    tempo: { bpm: [125, 140], typical: 132 },
+    meter: { signatures: [["4/4", 1]] },
+    pitch: {
+      scales: [
+        ["harmonic-minor", 0.5],
+        ["minor", 0.5],
+      ],
+    },
+    harmony: {
+      model: "functional",
+      presets: [
+        ["aeolian", 0.5],
+        ["andalusian", 0.5],
+      ],
+    },
+    rhythm: {
+      onsets: { kick: FOUR_FLOOR, snare: BACKBEAT, clap: null, hat: OFFBEAT },
+    },
+    texture: { roles: { snare: MACHINE, clap: null, lead: role("saw") } },
+    mix: { fx: { kick: { distort: "crunch" } }, loudness: "loud" },
+  }),
+  card({
+    id: "dark-wave",
+    summary:
+      "Darkwave: post-punk backbeat on drum machine, chorused minor bass melodies, aeolian loops, cold synth pads",
+    tempo: { bpm: [100, 130], typical: 116 },
+    meter: { signatures: [["4/4", 1]] },
+    pitch: { scales: [["minor", 1]] },
+    harmony: {
+      model: "functional",
+      presets: [
+        ["aeolian", 0.6],
+        ["andalusian", 0.4],
+      ],
+    },
+    rhythm: {
+      onsets: {
+        kick: grid("x.......x.x....."),
+        snare: BACKBEAT,
+        clap: null,
+        hat: EIGHTHS,
+      },
+    },
+    bass: { behaviour: [["ostinato", 1]], onsets: EIGHTHS },
+    texture: {
+      roles: {
+        snare: MACHINE,
+        clap: null,
+        bass: role("ebass"),
+        chords: role("strings", "saw:0.5"),
+      },
+    },
+    mix: { fx: { bass: { chorus: "wide" } } },
+  }),
+  card({
+    id: "minimal-wave",
+    summary:
+      "Minimal synth: one or two monophonic synths over a bare drum machine, square bass ostinato, aeolian two-chord loops",
+    tempo: { bpm: [100, 125], typical: 112 },
+    meter: { signatures: [["4/4", 1]] },
+    pitch: { scales: [["minor", 1]] },
+    harmony: {
+      model: "functional",
+      presets: [
+        ["dorian-vamp", 0.5],
+        ["aeolian", 0.5],
+      ],
+      sevenths: 0,
+    },
+    rhythm: {
+      onsets: {
+        kick: grid("x.......x......."),
+        snare: BACKBEAT,
+        clap: null,
+        hat: OFFBEAT,
+      },
+    },
+    bass: { behaviour: [["ostinato", 1]], onsets: EIGHTHS },
+    texture: {
+      roles: {
+        snare: MACHINE,
+        clap: null,
+        bass: role("square"),
+        chords: null,
+        lead: role("square", "triangle:0.5"),
+      },
+    },
+  }),
+  card({
+    id: "neofolk",
+    summary:
+      "Neofolk: strummed acoustic guitar, martial snare and tom tattoo, aeolian and dorian modes, often in 3/4",
+    tempo: { bpm: [70, 110], typical: 90 },
+    meter: {
+      signatures: [
+        ["4/4", 0.5],
+        ["3/4", 0.5],
+      ],
+    },
+    groove: { humanize: { timingMs: 8, velocity: 0.08 } },
+    pitch: {
+      scales: [
+        ["minor", 0.5],
+        ["dorian", 0.5],
+      ],
+    },
+    harmony: {
+      model: "functional",
+      presets: [
+        ["aeolian", 0.5],
+        ["andalusian", 0.5],
+      ],
+      voicing: {
+        types: [["open", 1]],
+        range: [45, 69],
+        notes: [4, 6],
+        strokes: [["folk", 1]],
+      },
+    },
+    rhythm: {
+      onsets: {
+        kick: grid("x.......x......."),
+        snare: grid("x.xx....x.xx...."),
+        tom: grid("....x.......x..."),
+        clap: null,
+        hat: null,
+      },
+    },
+    texture: {
+      roles: {
+        kick: ACOUSTIC,
+        snare: ACOUSTIC,
+        tom: ACOUSTIC_OPT,
+        clap: null,
+        hat: null,
+        chords: role("steel", "nylon:0.5"),
+        lead: role("violin", "flute:0.4"),
+      },
+    },
+    mix: { loudness: "streaming" },
+  }),
+];
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Synthwave and chip.
+// Refs: Karen Collins, "Game Sound" (MIT Press, 2008) on chip voices;
+// synthwave as retro-futurist pastiche per Harper (2011).
+
+const SYNTHWAVE: readonly StyleCard[] = [
+  card({
+    id: "synthwave-family",
+    abstract: true,
+    summary:
+      "synthwave and chip: gated backbeat snare, 16th-note octave bass, minor pop vi-IV-I-V and aeolian loops",
+    tempo: { bpm: [80, 120], typical: 100 },
+    rhythm: {
+      onsets: {
+        kick: grid("x.......x......."),
+        snare: BACKBEAT,
+        clap: null,
+        hat: EIGHTHS,
+      },
+    },
+    harmony: {
+      presets: [
+        ["sad-pop", 0.5],
+        ["aeolian", 0.5],
+      ],
+    },
+    bass: { behaviour: [["octave", 1]], onsets: SIXTEENTHS },
+    form: {
+      plans: [
+        [
+          [
+            "intro",
+            "verse",
+            "chorus",
+            "verse",
+            "chorus",
+            "bridge",
+            "chorus",
+            "outro",
+          ],
+          1,
+        ],
+      ],
+      archetype: "verse-chorus",
+    },
+    texture: {
+      roles: {
+        snare: MACHINE,
+        clap: null,
+        chords: role("saw"),
+        lead: role("square", "lead:0.6"),
+      },
+    },
+    mix: { loudness: "streaming" },
+  }),
+  card({
+    id: "synthwave",
+    summary:
+      "Synthwave: retro 80s gated-reverb backbeat, 16th octave bass, aeolian and vi-IV-I-V pads, chorused saw leads",
+    tempo: { bpm: [80, 118], typical: 100 },
+    texture: {
+      roles: {
+        kick: K808,
+        pad: role("strings", "saw:0.5"),
+        lead: role("saw", "lead:0.5"),
+      },
+    },
+    mix: { fx: { chords: { chorus: "wide" } } },
+  }),
+  card({
+    id: "darksynth",
+    summary:
+      "Darksynth: aggressive synthwave with distorted bass, phrygian riffs, four-on-the-floor drive at 100-130 bpm",
+    tempo: { bpm: [100, 130], typical: 118 },
+    pitch: {
+      scales: [
+        ["phrygian", 0.5],
+        ["minor", 0.5],
+      ],
+    },
+    rhythm: { onsets: { kick: FOUR_FLOOR } },
+    texture: { roles: { lead: role("saw") } },
+    mix: { fx: { bass: { distort: "crunch" } }, loudness: "loud" },
+  }),
+  card({
+    id: "chiptune",
+    summary:
+      "Chiptune: two pulse waves, a triangle bass and noise drums; fast arpeggios stand in for chords",
+    tempo: { bpm: [120, 160], typical: 140 },
+    pitch: {
+      scales: [
+        ["major", 0.5],
+        ["minor", 0.5],
+      ],
+    },
+    harmony: {
+      presets: [
+        ["axis", 0.4],
+        ["canon", 0.3],
+        ["aeolian", 0.3],
+      ],
+    },
+    rhythm: {
+      onsets: { arp: SIXTEENTHS, kick: grid("x.......x.x....."), hat: EIGHTHS },
+    },
+    bass: { behaviour: [["octave", 1]], onsets: EIGHTHS },
+    texture: {
+      roles: {
+        chords: null,
+        pad: null,
+        arp: role("square"),
+        bass: role("triangle"),
+        lead: role("square"),
+      },
+    },
+    mix: { fx: { lead: { crush: "8-bit" }, arp: { crush: "8-bit" } } },
+  }),
+  card({
+    id: "future-pop",
+    summary:
+      "Future pop: EBM drive meets trance pads, four-on-the-floor at 120-135 bpm, minor vi-IV-I-V supersaw chords",
+    tempo: { bpm: [120, 135], typical: 128 },
+    rhythm: { onsets: { kick: FOUR_FLOOR, hat: OFFBEAT } },
+    bass: { behaviour: [["ostinato", 1]], onsets: OFFBEAT },
+    texture: {
+      roles: {
+        pad: role("strings", "saw:0.5"),
+        lead: role("lead", "vocoder:0.3"),
+      },
+    },
+  }),
+];
+
+export const ELECTRONIC_CARDS: readonly StyleCard[] = Object.freeze([
+  ...ROOT,
+  ...DISCO,
+  ...HOUSE,
+  ...TECHNO,
+  ...TRANCE,
+  ...HARDCORE,
+  ...DOWNTEMPO,
+  ...AMBIENT,
+  ...IDM,
+  ...SYNTHWAVE,
+]);