@graphty/graph-io 0.3.48 → 0.3.49

package/src/formats/pajek/styles.ts

@@ -1,9 +1,11 @@
 /**
  * Pajek styles: each vertex's shape keyword and drawing parameters (`ic`, `bc`, `bw`, `x_fact`, `y_fact`, `lc`, `fos`)
- * and each line's `c`, `w` and `p`, read the way Pajek draws them, with Pajek's stated defaults beneath (an ellipse,
- * black solid lines, an arrow at the target of every arc). Colors are Pajek's: the dvips names, `GrayNN`,
- * `RGBrrggbb`, `RGB(r,g,b)` and the CMYK forms. `x_fact` and `y_fact` are factors of Pajek's normal vertex size, so the
- * lengths are relative.
+ * and each line's `c`, `w` and `p`, read the way Pajek 6.02 draws them (parameters carried from line to line, `CARRIED`),
+ * with Pajek's own defaults beneath (a #ffd9bc ellipse with a #660000 border, grey arcs with an arrow at the target,
+ * teal edges). Colors are Pajek's: the dvips names and the ten Pajek adds, `GrayNN`, `RGBrrggbb`, `RGB(r,g,b)` and the
+ * CMYK forms. Lengths are in PostScript points, the unit of Pajek's EPS and SVG export, where the drawing's [0,1] square
+ * is [0,500] (`PAJEK_POINTS_PER_UNIT`): a vertex is Pajek's normal size 20 times its `x_fact` and `y_fact`,
+ * `bw` and `fos` are points as written, an arc is `w` wide and an edge twice `w`.
  *
  * Writing: the same parameters from what graphty draws, leaving out what Pajek draws by default; a color that is a
  * dvips name is written by name, any other as `RGBrrggbb`, so colors are exact. The `graphty.styles` block, with the
@@ -13,18 +15,21 @@
 
 import type { GraphSnapshot } from "@graphty/graph-format";
 
+import { explicitWeights } from "../../common/weights.js";
 import { canonColor, colorOpacity } from "../../styles/canon/color.js";
 import { DVIPS_COLORS } from "../../styles/canon/color-tables.js";
 import { canonEnum } from "../../styles/canon/enums.js";
 import { canonNumber } from "../../styles/canon/number.js";
-import type { CanonSite } from "../../styles/canon/site.js";
+import { type CanonSite, noteAt } from "../../styles/canon/site.js";
 import { canonText } from "../../styles/canon/text.js";
+import { STYLE_ISSUE } from "../../styles/codes.js";
+import { toolDefaults } from "../../styles/defaults.js";
 import { StyleApproximations } from "../../styles/io/approximations.js";
-import { blockStyles, parseStyleBlock, styleBlockLosses, writeStyleBlock } from "../../styles/io/block.js";
+import { styleBlockLosses, writeStyleBlock } from "../../styles/io/block.js";
+import { elementValues, takeFromBlock } from "../../styles/io/round-trip.js";
 import type { ExporterStyleInput } from "../../styles/io/writer.js";
 import { StyleNotes } from "../../styles/notes.js";
-import { styleFingerprint } from "../../styles/plan/features.js";
-import { plainCell, resolveStyles } from "../../styles/plan/resolve.js";
+import { plainCell } from "../../styles/plan/resolve.js";
 import type {
     ImporterStyles,
     StyleColumn,
@@ -35,11 +40,14 @@ import type {
     StyleWriteCapabilities,
 } from "../../styles/types.js";
 import type { LossNote } from "../../types.js";
+import { graphvizFontName, postscriptFont } from "../dot/drawing.js";
 import { type ValueColumns, valueColumns } from "../graphml/styles-yed.js";
-import { LABEL_COLUMN, PAJEK_STYLE_COMMENT, SHAPE_COLUMN } from "./syntax.js";
+import { drawLines, drawsLineLabels, drawVertices, type PajekDraw } from "./draw.js";
+import { LABEL_COLUMN, PAJEK_STYLE_COMMENT, SHAPE_COLUMN, VALUE_COLUMN } from "./syntax.js";
 
 /**
- * What the Pajek writer holds natively: the vertex label, the vertex shape keyword and drawing parameters, the line
+ * What the Pajek writer holds natively: the vertex label, the vertex shape keyword (a polygon only as Pajek's diamond,
+ * `shapePoints` with its `q`) and drawing parameters, the line
  * parameters, and the arrows Pajek draws on arcs. The `graphty.styles` block is a comment line the writer places itself.
  * @category Built-in formats
  */
@@ -53,26 +61,139 @@ export const PAJEK_STYLE_CAPABILITIES: StyleWriteCapabilities = Object.freeze({
         "borderColor",
         "borderWidth",
         "shape",
+        "shapePoints",
         "width",
         "height",
         "labelColor",
         "labelSize",
+        "labelFont",
+        "labelPosition",
+        "labelOffsetX",
+        "labelOffsetY",
+        "labelShiftX",
+    ] as const),
+    edge: Object.freeze([
+        "color",
+        "opacity",
+        "width",
+        "lineStyle",
+        "sourceArrow",
+        "targetArrow",
+        "arrowPosition",
+        "label",
+        "labelColor",
+        "labelSize",
+        "labelFont",
     ] as const),
-    edge: Object.freeze(["color", "opacity", "width", "lineStyle", "sourceArrow", "targetArrow"] as const),
     block: "native",
 });
 
 /**
- * Pajek's default vertex size, in the units of a border width `bw`: `x_fact` and `y_fact` are factors of it, so a
- * border width is read as a factor of it too (`bw 1`, Pajek's default, is a fifth of a normal vertex).
+ * Pajek's normal vertex size, in points: what `x_fact` and `y_fact` multiply (the manual, p. 89, names `x_fact` and
+ * `y_fact` "magnification" without stating the value).
+ * Measured in Pajek 6.02's own SVG export (`test/fidelity/oracles/pajek-*.svg`): a vertex with no size parameter is
+ * drawn 20 across, and `x_fact 1.54` 30.8, on the drawing's [0,500] square.
+ */
+const PAJEK_VERTEX_SIZE = 20;
+
+/**
+ * How far past its vertex size Pajek draws its man and woman figures, across and up: Pajek 6.02's SVG export draws
+ * them as paths that reach beyond the vertex's own square, a man 2.5 times its size across and 6.49 times its size
+ * tall, a woman (her skirt and arms wider) 3 times across and 6.48 tall (`pajek-specimen-node-shapes`, vertices 9 and
+ * 10 at `x_fact 0.5`: the man's path spans x -12.51..12.51 and y -32.74..32.13, the woman's -15.02..15.02 and
+ * -32.99..31.79, around a size of 10).
  */
-const VERTEX_SIZE = 5;
+const PAJEK_FIGURES: ReadonlyMap<string, readonly [number, number]> = new Map([
+    ["other:man", [2.502, 6.487]],
+    ["other:woman", [3.003, 6.478]],
+]);
+
+/**
+ * Points per coordinate unit: "When Postscript picture is obtained, the square [0,1]x[0,1] is transformed to
+ * [0,500]x[0,500]" (Pajek, "Pajek to EPS", http://mrvar.fdv.uni-lj.si/pajek/DrawEPS.htm).
+ */
+export const PAJEK_POINTS_PER_UNIT = 500;
 
 /** The vertex parameters read as styles. */
-const NODE_KEYS: readonly string[] = ["ic", "bc", "bw", "x_fact", "y_fact", "lc", "fos"];
+const NODE_KEYS: readonly string[] = [
+    "ic",
+    "bc",
+    "bw",
+    "s_size",
+    "x_fact",
+    "y_fact",
+    "phi",
+    "q",
+    "lc",
+    "fos",
+    "font",
+    "lr",
+    "lphi",
+    "la",
+];
 
 /** The line parameters read as styles. */
-const EDGE_KEYS: readonly string[] = ["c", "w", "p"];
+const EDGE_KEYS: readonly string[] = ["c", "w", "p", "s", "ap", "l", "lc", "fos", "font"];
+
+/**
+ * What Pajek carries from one line of a section to the next. A line (arc or edge) that does not set one of these
+ * parameters is drawn with the value the line before it set. A vertex line that sets no parameter and names no shape
+ * is drawn exactly as the vertex line before it; a vertex line that sets any starts again from Pajek's defaults.
+ * Measured in Pajek 6.02's own SVG export: `test/fidelity/oracles/pajek-kdorola.svg` (vertices 2 to 59, which set
+ * nothing, drawn with vertex 1's `lr 11 lphi 285 fos 9`, and 61 on as vertex 60's `box`), `pajek-1crn.svg` (vertex 3
+ * drawn as vertex 2), `pajek-synth-lines.svg` (arc 3, which sets `w 3` but no `c`, drawn in arc 2's `c Blue`), and
+ * the generated `shapes-and-lines.net` (vertex 5 at the default size after vertex 4's `x_fact 8`). A line's label `l`
+ * is its own; its label's color, size and font are not carried here, as they only show with a label.
+ */
+const CARRIED: Readonly<Record<StyleTarget, readonly string[]>> = {
+    node: [SHAPE_COLUMN, ...NODE_KEYS],
+    edge: ["c", "w", "p", "s", "ap"],
+};
+
+/**
+ * What Pajek 6.02 carries from line to line as it reads: not the pattern `p`, which the writer still restates
+ * (`pajek-synth-lines`: edge `3 10` after `1 8 ... p Dots` and arc `5 6 -1` after a `p Solid` are drawn as if no line
+ * before set one).
+ */
+const CARRIED_LINE: readonly string[] = CARRIED.edge.filter((key) => key !== "p");
+
+/** The width Pajek draws an edge (undirected) at for each unit of `w`; an arc is drawn `w` wide. */
+const EDGE_WIDTH_PER_W = 2;
+
+/** The color and width Pajek draws an arc with when it sets no `c` or `w` (an edge's are the tool defaults). */
+const ARC_DEFAULTS = { color: "#999999", width: 1 } as const;
+
+/**
+ * A getter that gives an element the parameters an element before it set, as Pajek reads them: for a line each
+ * parameter it leaves out, for a vertex all of them when it sets none (`CARRIED`).
+ * @param keys - the parameters carried
+ * @param whole - true for vertices: carried only to an element that sets none, and then all together
+ * @returns for each element in order, its getter
+ */
+function carriedParams(keys: readonly string[], whole: boolean): (get: Param) => Param {
+    let last = new Map<string, unknown>();
+    return (get) => {
+        const own = new Map<string, unknown>();
+        for (const key of keys) {
+            const v = get(key);
+            if (v !== null) {
+                own.set(key, v);
+            }
+        }
+        if (whole) {
+            if (own.size > 0) {
+                last = own;
+                return get;
+            }
+        } else {
+            for (const [key, v] of own) {
+                last.set(key, v);
+            }
+        }
+        const carried = last;
+        return (key) => get(key) ?? (keys.includes(key) ? (carried.get(key) ?? null) : null);
+    };
+}
 
 /** The style column marking arcs, which Pajek draws with an arrow at the target. */
 const DIRECTED_KEY = "directed";
@@ -82,6 +203,8 @@ const READ: Readonly<Record<StyleTarget, readonly string[]>> = {
     node: [
         "label",
         "shape",
+        "shapePoints",
+        "shapePointsStretch",
         "fill",
         "fillOpacity",
         "borderColor",
@@ -90,8 +213,25 @@ const READ: Readonly<Record<StyleTarget, readonly string[]>> = {
         "height",
         "labelColor",
         "labelSize",
+        "labelFont",
+        "labelPosition",
+        "labelOffsetX",
+        "labelOffsetY",
+        "labelShiftX",
+        "labelRotation",
+    ],
+    edge: [
+        "color",
+        "opacity",
+        "width",
+        "lineStyle",
+        "arrowSize",
+        "arrowPosition",
+        "label",
+        "labelColor",
+        "labelSize",
+        "labelFont",
     ],
-    edge: ["color", "opacity", "width", "lineStyle"],
 };
 
 /** A parameter's value on one element, or null. */
@@ -117,6 +257,13 @@ function readColor(raw: unknown, property: string, opacity: string | null, put:
     }
     const c = canonColor(raw, "dvips", at(property));
     if (c === null) {
+        // a name Pajek does not know, or a known one in another case (`red`), fills a vertex white and draws a line
+        // black (`pajek-specimen-node-fills-borders-p3` `ic-unknown-name`, `ic-lowercase-name`); ponytail: measured
+        // on names in `ic` and `c` only, so a border or label color and an unreadable RGB / CMYK form keep the default
+        const unknown = UNKNOWN_COLORS.get(property);
+        if (unknown !== undefined && typeof raw === "string" && /^[A-Za-z]\w*$/.test(raw.trim())) {
+            put(property, unknown);
+        }
         return;
     }
     put(property, c.color);
@@ -126,6 +273,12 @@ function readColor(raw: unknown, property: string, opacity: string | null, put:
     }
 }
 
+/** What Pajek draws for a color it cannot read, by property. */
+const UNKNOWN_COLORS: ReadonlyMap<string, StyleValue> = new Map([
+    ["fill", "#ffffff"],
+    ["color", "#000000"],
+]);
+
 /**
  * Reads a length or factor.
  * @param raw - the parameter's value, or null
@@ -144,42 +297,742 @@ function readNumber(raw: unknown, property: string, put: Put, at: At): void {
  * @param get - the vertex's parameters
  * @param put - receives the values
  * @param at - the sites
+ * @param place - the vertex's place in the file's coordinates, or null when it has none
  */
-function readVertex(get: Param, put: Put, at: At): void {
+function readVertex(get: Param, put: Put, at: At, place: Place | null = null): void {
     // an empty label draws nothing
     const label = get(LABEL_COLUMN);
     if (label !== null && label !== "") {
         put("label", canonText(label, at("label")));
     }
-    const shape = get(SHAPE_COLUMN);
-    if (shape !== null) {
-        put("shape", canonEnum("shape", shape, "dvips", at("shape")));
+    const raw = get(SHAPE_COLUMN);
+    const shape = raw === null ? null : canonEnum("shape", raw, "dvips", at("shape"));
+    if (raw !== null) {
+        put("shape", shape);
     }
     readColor(get("ic"), "fill", "fillOpacity", put, at);
     readColor(get("bc"), "borderColor", null, put, at);
-    const bw = get("bw");
-    if (bw !== null) {
-        const width = canonNumber(bw, at("borderWidth"));
-        put("borderWidth", width === null ? null : width / VERTEX_SIZE);
-    }
-    readNumber(get("x_fact"), "width", put, at);
-    readNumber(get("y_fact"), "height", put, at);
+    readNumber(get("bw"), "borderWidth", put, at);
+    readSize(get, put, at, PAJEK_FIGURES.get(String(shape)));
+    readOutline(get, put, shape);
     readColor(get("lc"), "labelColor", null, put, at);
     readNumber(get("fos"), "labelSize", put, at);
+    readFont(get("font"), put, at);
+    readLabelPosition(get, put, at);
+    readLabelAngle(get("la"), put, at, place);
+    if (shape === "none") {
+        // an `empty` vertex's label is drawn white at size 1 on its center, whatever the line sets
+        // (`pajek-synth-vertices` `empty *`, `pajek-lin-rel4` v226 to v233)
+        for (const [property, value] of EMPTY_LABEL) {
+            put(property, value);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/**
+ * The corners Pajek 6.02's SVG export draws a box, a triangle and a house with, as `shapePoints` (fractions of the half
+ * width and height, y up): `pajek-specimen-node-shapes`, `shape-box`, `shape-triangle`, `shape-house`.
+ */
+const PAJEK_OUTLINES: ReadonlyMap<string, readonly (readonly [number, number])[]> = new Map([
+    [
+        "rectangle",
+        [
+            [-1, 1],
+            [1, 1],
+            [1, -1],
+            [-1, -1],
+        ],
+    ],
+    [
+        "triangle",
+        [
+            [1, -1],
+            [0, 1],
+            [-1, -1],
+        ],
+    ],
+    [
+        "other:house",
+        [
+            [-0.7, -1],
+            [0.7, -1],
+            [0.7, 0.3],
+            [1, 0.3],
+            [1, 0.4],
+            [0, 1],
+            [-1, 0.4],
+            [-1, 0.3],
+            [-0.7, 0.3],
+        ],
+    ],
+]);
+
+/** A diamond's `q` where the line sets none (Pajek's shipped SHAPES.CFG). */
+const PAJEK_DIAMOND_Q = 0.001;
+
+/**
+ * A vertex's outline where Pajek draws one no named shape is: a diamond is Pajek's six-cornered one, its top and bottom
+ * cut `q` of its half width wide (`pajek-specimen-node-shapes`: `q 0.001` by default, `q 0.5` a hexagon, `q 1` a
+ * square, `q 2` a bow tie twice as wide), and `phi` turns a box, a triangle, a house or a diamond `phi` degrees
+ * counterclockwise about its center (`phi-30-box`, `phi-90-triangle`: Pajek draws the shape at its size, then turns
+ * it). ponytail: the corners are fractions of the size the line gives (`x_fact`, `y_fact`); a turned shape whose width
+ * and height the Draw window's Size of Vertices or vectors scale apart is turned in the wrong box. A turned ellipse,
+ * man or woman is drawn unturned: an outline of corners would draw an ellipse as a polygon.
+ * @param get - the vertex's parameters
+ * @param put - receives the values
+ * @param shape - its shape
+ */
+function readOutline(get: Param, put: Put, shape: StyleValue | null): void {
+    const phi = numberOrNull(get("phi")) ?? 0;
+    const q = numberOrNull(get("q")) ?? PAJEK_DIAMOND_Q;
+    const diamond: readonly (readonly [number, number])[] = [
+        [-1, 0],
+        [-q, 1],
+        [q, 1],
+        [1, 0],
+        [q, -1],
+        [-q, -1],
+    ];
+    const corners = shape === "diamond" ? diamond : PAJEK_OUTLINES.get(String(shape));
+    if (corners === undefined || (shape !== "diamond" && phi % 360 === 0)) {
+        return;
+    }
+    // turned in the drawn box, x_fact by y_fact, and back to fractions of it
+    const [w, h] = [numberOrNull(get("x_fact")) || 1, numberOrNull(get("y_fact")) || 1];
+    const [c, s] = [Math.cos((phi * Math.PI) / 180), Math.sin((phi * Math.PI) / 180)];
+    const round = (v: number): string => String(Number(v.toFixed(4)) + 0);
+    const points = corners.map(([x, y]) => {
+        const [px, py] = [x * w, y * h];
+        return `${round((px * c - py * s) / w)},${round((px * s + py * c) / h)}`;
+    });
+    put("shape", "polygon");
+    put("shapePoints", points.join(" "));
+    put("shapePointsStretch", false);
+}
+
+/** How Pajek 6.02's SVG export draws an `empty` vertex's label. */
+const EMPTY_LABEL: readonly (readonly [string, StyleValue])[] = [
+    ["labelSize", 1],
+    ["labelColor", "#ffffff"],
+    ["labelPosition", "center"],
+    ["labelOffsetX", 0],
+    ["labelOffsetY", 0],
+    ["labelShiftX", 0],
+];
+
+/** A vertex's place in the file's own coordinates, 0..1 across and down. */
+type Place = readonly [x: number, y: number];
+
+/**
+ * A label's `font`: Pajek writes it into its SVG export as the family, as given, so a PostScript name (`Courier-Bold`,
+ * `Helvetica-Oblique`) is drawn in its family, with a generic one after it, and upright, as the pinned fonts draw it
+ * (`pajek-specimen-labels` `font-courier-bold` monospace, `font-helvetica-oblique` sans-serif and upright); any other
+ * name is the family as written. Pajek draws every label bold whatever the name says.
+ * @param raw - the parameter's value, or null
+ * @param put - receives the values
+ * @param at - the sites
+ */
+function readFont(raw: unknown, put: Put, at: At): void {
+    if (raw === null || raw === "") {
+        return;
+    }
+    const ps = typeof raw === "string" ? postscriptFont(raw.trim()) : null;
+    if (ps === null) {
+        readText(raw, "labelFont", put, at);
+        return;
+    }
+    put("labelFont", ps.family);
+}
+
+/**
+ * A vertex label's angle `la` (manual p. 90), degrees counterclockwise, as a clockwise rotation: Pajek 6.02's SVG export
+ * turns the label by `rotate(-la)` (`pajek-specimen-labels`, `la-30` .. `la-270`). An angle of 360 or more turns the
+ * label away from the middle of the file's square, (0.5, 0.5) in its own coordinates, and then `la - 360` further
+ * (`la-360` at (0.4533, 0.3706) is drawn at -109.83, the direction from the middle; `la-400` at (0.5467, 0.3706) at
+ * -110.17, that direction, 70.17, and 40 more); without the vertex's place it is left unread.
+ * @param raw - the parameter's value, or null
+ * @param put - receives the value
+ * @param at - the sites
+ * @param place - the vertex's place in the file's coordinates, or null
+ */
+function readLabelAngle(raw: unknown, put: Put, at: At, place: Place | null): void {
+    let a = raw === null ? null : canonNumber(raw, at("labelRotation"));
+    if (a !== null && a >= 360) {
+        a = place === null ? null : (Math.atan2(0.5 - place[1], place[0] - 0.5) * 180) / Math.PI + a - 360;
+    }
+    if (a !== null) {
+        put("labelRotation", Number(((((360 - a) % 360) + 360) % 360).toPrecision(12)));
+    }
+}
+
+/**
+ * A vertex's width and height in points: the normal size times its `x_fact` and `y_fact`, each 1 when unset; a vertex
+ * that sets neither is left to the default beneath. The manual (p. 89) calls `s_size` "default size", but Pajek 6.02
+ * draws a vertex the same size whatever its `s_size` (`pajek-specimen-node-sizes-opacity`: `s_size` 0.5, 2 and 3 all
+ * drawn 36 across at `x_fact 1.8`), so it is not read. A man or a woman is the box of the figure Pajek draws for
+ * that size (`PAJEK_FIGURES`), set or not.
+ * @param get - the vertex's parameters
+ * @param put - receives the values
+ * @param at - the sites
+ * @param figure - a figure's width and height over its size, or undefined for another shape
+ */
+function readSize(get: Param, put: Put, at: At, figure?: readonly [number, number]): void {
+    for (const [key, property, k] of [
+        ["x_fact", "width", 0],
+        ["y_fact", "height", 1],
+    ] as const) {
+        const f = get(key);
+        if (f === null && figure === undefined) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        const factor = f === null ? 1 : canonNumber(f, at(property));
+        const over = figure?.[k] ?? 1;
+        put(property, factor === null ? null : Number((PAJEK_VERTEX_SIZE * factor * over).toPrecision(15)));
+    }
+}
+
+/**
+ * A text parameter (a PostScript font name).
+ * @param raw - the parameter's value, or null
+ * @param property - the property
+ * @param put - receives the value
+ * @param at - the sites
+ */
+function readText(raw: unknown, property: string, put: Put, at: At): void {
+    if (raw !== null && raw !== "") {
+        put(property, canonText(raw, at(property)));
+    }
+}
+
+/** The `lphi` written for each side graphty puts a label on, and the side written for each Pajek has no angle for. */
+const SIDE_ANGLES: ReadonlyMap<string, number> = new Map([
+    ["right", 0],
+    ["top-right", 90],
+    ["left", 180],
+    ["bottom-right", 285],
+]);
+const NEAREST_SIDES: ReadonlyMap<string, string> = new Map([
+    ["top", "top-right"],
+    ["top-left", "top-right"],
+    ["bottom", "bottom-right"],
+    ["bottom-left", "bottom-right"],
+]);
+
+/**
+ * A vertex's label place from Pajek's polar label parameters (manual p. 90): `lr` is the distance of the label from
+ * the vertex center, 0 centering it, and `lphi` its angle in degrees counterclockwise. Pajek 6.02's SVG export starts
+ * the text at that point, its baseline through it (`text-anchor` start at y = the point), so the label's left edge is
+ * at the point's x (`labelShiftX` 0.5) and its middle `PAJEK_BASELINE_TO_MIDDLE` of its size above the point's y
+ * (`pajek-specimen-labels` `lr-*`, `lphi-*`; every corpus label). A vertex that sets none of `lr`, `lphi` and `fos`
+ * is left to the default beneath, the same place at the default size.
+ * @param get - the vertex's parameters
+ * @param put - receives the values
+ * @param at - the sites
+ */
+function readLabelPosition(get: Param, put: Put, at: At): void {
+    const [lr, lphi, fos] = [get("lr"), get("lphi"), get("fos")];
+    if (lr === null && lphi === null && fos === null) {
+        return;
+    }
+    const radius = lr === null ? PAJEK_LABEL_RADIUS : canonNumber(lr, at("labelPosition"));
+    const angle = lphi === null ? PAJEK_LABEL_ANGLE : canonNumber(lphi, at("labelPosition"));
+    const size = fos === null ? PAJEK_LABEL_SIZE : canonNumber(fos, at("labelSize"));
+    if (radius === null || angle === null || size === null) {
+        return;
+    }
+    const [x, y] = labelOffset(radius, angle, size);
+    put("labelPosition", "center");
+    put("labelOffsetX", x);
+    put("labelOffsetY", y);
+    put("labelShiftX", radius === 0 ? 0 : 0.5);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Where Pajek's polar label parameters put a label, from the vertex center, y down: the middle of its left edge, or
+ * its middle when `lr` is 0, which centers it.
+ * @param radius - `lr`
+ * @param angle - `lphi`, degrees counterclockwise
+ * @param size - the label's size
+ * @returns the offset across and down
+ */
+function labelOffset(radius: number, angle: number, size: number): [number, number] {
+    if (radius === 0) {
+        return [0, 0];
+    }
+    const t = (angle * Math.PI) / 180;
+    const round = (v: number): number => Number(v.toFixed(9)) + 0;
+    return [round(radius * Math.cos(t)), round(-radius * Math.sin(t) - PAJEK_BASELINE_TO_MIDDLE * size)];
 }
 
 /**
- * One line's style: its color, width and pattern.
+ * The label radius and angle Pajek uses when a vertex sets none: 20 and 285, below and to the right of the vertex.
+ * Measured in Pajek 6.02's own SVG export (`test/fidelity/oracles/pajek-football.svg`, `pajek-specimen-labels`
+ * `default`: every such label starts 20 from its vertex at 285 degrees); the size is the default label size.
+ */
+const PAJEK_LABEL_RADIUS = 20;
+const PAJEK_LABEL_ANGLE = 285;
+const PAJEK_LABEL_SIZE = 15;
+
+/**
+ * How far above its baseline a label's middle is, per unit of its size: half the ascent less the descent of Arial
+ * (Liberation Sans: 0.905 and 0.212), the face Pajek draws its labels in by default.
+ */
+const PAJEK_BASELINE_TO_MIDDLE = 0.3465;
+
+/**
+ * One line's style: its color, width and pattern. Pajek draws an edge (undirected) twice as wide as an arc of the
+ * same `w`.
  * @param get - the line's parameters
  * @param put - receives the values
  * @param at - the sites
+ * @param directed - whether the line is an arc
+ * @param labels - whether its label is drawn (`drawsLineLabels`)
+ * @param run - the line from its source's center to its target's, in drawn units, y down, or null when unplaced
+ * @param loop - for a loop on a placed node, receives its control points; null for any other line
  */
-function readLine(get: Param, put: Put, at: At): void {
+function readLine(
+    get: Param,
+    put: Put,
+    at: At,
+    directed: boolean,
+    labels = true,
+    run: Run | null = null,
+    loop: ((controls: LoopControls) => void) | null = null,
+): void {
     readColor(get("c"), "color", "opacity", put, at);
-    readNumber(get("w"), "width", put, at);
+    readNumber(
+        get("w"),
+        "width",
+        (property, value) => {
+            put(property, typeof value === "number" && !directed ? value * EDGE_WIDTH_PER_W : value);
+        },
+        at,
+    );
     const p = get("p");
-    if (p !== null) {
-        put("lineStyle", canonEnum("lineStyle", p, "dvips", at("lineStyle")));
+    if (p === "Dots") {
+        put("lineStyle", pajekDash(get, directed));
+    } else if (p === "Solid") {
+        put("lineStyle", "solid");
+    } else if (p !== null) {
+        // Pajek knows Solid and Dots, case for case; any other pattern (`Dashed`, `dots`) draws a solid line
+        noteAt(at("lineStyle"), STYLE_ISSUE.UNKNOWN_VALUE, typeof p === "string" ? p : JSON.stringify(p));
+        put("lineStyle", "solid");
+    }
+    // an arrowhead is 6 x `s` long and 5 x `s` wide; `s` 1, Pajek's normal size, is 6 long (the pajek tool arrowhead)
+    readNumber(get("s"), "arrowSize", put, at);
+    readArrowPosition(get("ap"), put, at);
+    // a loop is drawn as the Bezier route of a line PAJEK_POINTS_PER_UNIT long to the right, its two ends on the node
+    const line = loop === null ? get : loopParam(get);
+    const controls = loop === null ? null : readLoop(line, put, loop);
+    if (labels) {
+        readText(get("l"), "label", put, at);
+        if (controls === null) {
+            readLineLabelPlace(get, put, at, run);
+        } else {
+            readLineLabelPlace(line, put, at, [PAJEK_POINTS_PER_UNIT, 0], loopTop(controls));
+        }
+    }
+    if (loop === null) {
+        readBezier(get, put, run);
+    }
+    readColor(get("lc"), "labelColor", null, put, at);
+    readNumber(get("fos"), "labelSize", put, at);
+    readFont(get("font"), put, at);
+}
+
+/** A line from its source's center to its target's, in drawn units, y down. */
+type Run = readonly [dx: number, dy: number];
+
+/** A loop's two Bezier control points, each from its node's center in drawn units, y down. */
+type LoopControls = readonly [readonly [number, number], readonly [number, number]];
+
+/**
+ * The route parameters Pajek 6.02's SVG export draws a loop with where the line sets none (`pajek-specimen-edges-lines-p2`
+ * `loop` and `loop-arc`, `pajek-specimen-edge-labels` `on-loop`: a cubic from the node's center up and back, its control
+ * points 74.9 out at 70 and 110 degrees up from the right).
+ */
+const LOOP_DEFAULTS: Readonly<Record<string, number>> = { a1: -70, k1: 0.3, a2: -70, k2: 0.3 };
+
+/**
+ * A loop's route parameters: the line's own, Pajek's loop defaults for any it leaves out.
+ * @param get - the line's parameters
+ * @returns the parameters with the defaults
+ */
+function loopParam(get: Param): Param {
+    return (key) => get(key) ?? (key in LOOP_DEFAULTS ? LOOP_DEFAULTS[key] : null);
+}
+
+/**
+ * A loop's route (manual p. 90: "if arc is a loop (arc to itself) bezier loop will be drawn"), as Pajek 6.02's SVG
+ * export draws it: the Bezier route of a line PAJEK_POINTS_PER_UNIT long running right, both its ends on the node
+ * (`a1 -130 k1 0.6 a2 -130 k2 0.6`: control points 150 out at 130 and 50 degrees up from the right, measured on
+ * `pajek-specimen-edges-lines-p2` `loop-bezier`). Its bends are written once the nodes' sizes are known
+ * (`layLoops`). ponytail: measured in one Draw window (1200 x 900) and one vertex size; whether Pajek scales a loop
+ * with either was not measured.
+ * @param get - the line's parameters, with the loop defaults
+ * @param put - receives the values
+ * @param loop - receives the control points
+ * @returns the control points, or null when the line's parameters give none
+ */
+function readLoop(get: Param, put: Put, loop: (controls: LoopControls) => void): LoopControls | null {
+    const run: Run = [PAJEK_POINTS_PER_UNIT, 0];
+    const controls = bezierControls(get, run);
+    if (controls === null) {
+        return null;
+    }
+    const [[a1, l1], [a2, l2]] = controls;
+    const L = PAJEK_POINTS_PER_UNIT;
+    // along the line is right, left of it up: the second point is measured back from the line's far end, the node
+    const [c1, c2]: LoopControls = [
+        [a1 * L, -l1 * L],
+        [(a2 - 1) * L, -l2 * L],
+    ];
+    loop([c1, c2]);
+    put("curved", true);
+    put("bendCurve", "bezier");
+    // an arc's head is drawn where the loop comes back to its node's center, under the node
+    // (`pajek-specimen-edges-lines-p2` `loop-arc`, `s 1 a A`: no head shows)
+    put("targetArrow", "none");
+    return [c1, c2];
+}
+
+/**
+ * The way a loop runs at its top, where its label is drawn (`lp` 0.5): from its first control point to its second
+ * (`pajek-specimen-edge-labels` `on-loop`: 179.97). ponytail: a label elsewhere on the loop (`lp`) is turned as at
+ * its top.
+ * @param controls - the loop's control points
+ * @returns the direction, in degrees clockwise on screen
+ */
+function loopTop(controls: LoopControls): number {
+    const [c1, c2] = controls;
+    return (Math.atan2(c2[1] - c1[1], c2[0] - c1[0]) * 180) / Math.PI;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Writes each loop's control points as its bends, fractions of its node's half width and half height, y up, once the
+ * nodes are sized, and draws it round whatever the Draw window does to the other lines.
+ * @param snapshot - the graph
+ * @param loops - each loop's control points by edge
+ * @param node - the node values, sized
+ * @param edge - the edge values; changed in place
+ */
+function layLoops(
+    snapshot: GraphSnapshot,
+    loops: ReadonlyMap<number, LoopControls>,
+    node: ValueColumns,
+    edge: ValueColumns,
+): void {
+    const fraction = (x: number): string => String(Math.round(x * 1e4) / 1e4 || 0);
+    for (const [e, controls] of loops) {
+        const v = snapshot.edgeSource(e);
+        const half = (property: string): number => {
+            const size = node[property]?.[v];
+            return (typeof size === "number" && size > 0 ? size : PAJEK_VERTEX_SIZE) / 2;
+        };
+        const [hw, hh] = [half("width"), half("height")];
+        const column = (property: string): (StyleValue | null)[] =>
+            (edge[property] ??= new Array<StyleValue | null>(snapshot.edgeCount).fill(null));
+        column("bends")[e] = controls.map(([x, y]) => `${fraction(x / hw)},${fraction(-y / hh)}`).join(" ");
+        // Export Line Default / Straight Lines straightens every other line; a loop is still drawn round
+        // (`pajek-specimen-edges-lines-p4`)
+        column("curved")[e] = true;
+        column("bendCurve")[e] = "bezier";
+    }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Where Pajek 6.02's SVG export draws a line's label (`pajek-specimen-edge-labels`): its middle at `lp` from the
+ * terminal vertex, a fraction of the line up to 1 (0.5 by default, 0.2 near the target) and a distance beyond it
+ * (`lp 20` 20 from the target), moved by `lr` at `lphi` degrees counterclockwise (`lr 12 lphi 90` 12 above), its
+ * baseline through that point, and turned along the line and `la` degrees counterclockwise from it (`la 45` drawn
+ * rotate(-45) on a level line; `la 405` as `la 45`). graphty hangs a line's label on the line's middle, so the place is
+ * an offset from there, the words' middle above the baseline in the label's own turned frame.
+ * @param get - the line's parameters
+ * @param put - receives the values
+ * @param at - the sites
+ * @param run - the line, or null when unplaced
+ * @param direction - the line's direction at the label, in degrees clockwise on screen, where `run` does not give it
+ * (a loop)
+ */
+function readLineLabelPlace(get: Param, put: Put, at: At, run: Run | null, direction?: number): void {
+    const length = run === null ? 0 : Math.hypot(run[0], run[1]);
+    if (run === null || length === 0) {
+        return;
+    }
+    const n = (key: string, fallback: number, property: string): number | null => {
+        const v = get(key);
+        return v === null ? fallback : canonNumber(v, at(property));
+    };
+    const [lp, lr, lphi, la] = [
+        n("lp", 0.5, "labelOffsetX"),
+        n("lr", 0, "labelOffsetX"),
+        n("lphi", 0, "labelOffsetX"),
+        n("la", 0, "labelRotation"),
+    ];
+    const size = n("fos", PAJEK_LABEL_SIZE, "labelSize");
+    if (lp === null || lr === null || lphi === null || la === null || size === null) {
+        return;
+    }
+    // from the line's middle to the point lp from its target, then out by lr at lphi
+    const along = 0.5 - (lp <= 1 ? lp : lp / length);
+    const t = (lphi * Math.PI) / 180;
+    const round = (v: number): number => Number(v.toFixed(9)) + 0;
+    const turn = (((direction ?? lineDirection(get, run, along + 0.5)) - la) % 360) + 360;
+    // the baseline runs through the point; the words' middle is above it in the label's own turned frame
+    const up = (turn * Math.PI) / 180;
+    const rise = PAJEK_BASELINE_TO_MIDDLE * size;
+    put("labelPosition", "center");
+    put("labelOffsetX", round(along * run[0] + lr * Math.cos(t) + rise * Math.sin(up)));
+    put("labelOffsetY", round(along * run[1] - lr * Math.sin(t) - rise * Math.cos(up)));
+    put("labelRotation", round(turn % 360));
+}
+
+/**
+ * A line's Bezier route (manual p. 90: `a1`, `k1` at its source, `a2`, `k2` at its target), as Pajek 6.02's SVG export
+ * draws it (`pajek-specimen-edges-lines-p2`, `pajek-specimen-edge-labels`): one cubic Bezier curve whose first control
+ * point is `k1` / 2 of the line's length from the source, turned `a1` degrees clockwise on screen from the line, and
+ * whose second is `k2` / 2 of it back from the target, turned `a2` degrees counterclockwise (`a1 40 k1 1.5 a2 -40 k2
+ * 1.5` an S, `a2 40` a bow). A negative `k1` is one of Pajek's oval, circular arc or double routes, which its SVG export
+ * draws straight. A loop is `readLoop`'s. ponytail: a line that sets only some of the four reads the
+ * others as 0 and 1; Pajek's values for them were not measured.
+ * @param get - the line's parameters
+ * @param put - receives the values
+ * @param run - the line, or null when unplaced
+ */
+function readBezier(get: Param, put: Put, run: Run | null): void {
+    const controls = bezierControls(get, run);
+    if (controls === null) {
+        return;
+    }
+    const fraction = (x: number): string => String(Math.round(x * 1e4) / 1e4 || 0);
+    put("curved", true);
+    put("bendCurve", "bezier");
+    put("bends", controls.map(([along, across]) => `${fraction(along)},${fraction(across)}`).join(" "));
+}
+
+/**
+ * Where Pajek 6.02's SVG export ends an arc's Bezier route (`readBezier`): at its arrowhead's back, not at its target's
+ * center. It places the arrowhead as on a straight arc, its tip 1.5 short of where the straight line meets the
+ * target's outline, turns it `-a2` degrees about that point, and runs the curve from the source's center to the
+ * arrowhead's back, its control points measured on that shorter line (`pajek-specimen-edges-lines-p2`
+ * `route-bezier-opposite-arc`: the arrowhead's back at (347.02, 124.32), 6.5 back from the outline at (352, 128.5),
+ * turned 40 degrees; `route-bezier-same-arc` at (571.02, 132.68), turned -40). graphty draws the route to the target's
+ * center and stops it at the outline, so the curve's control points are written in the frame of that line.
+ * ponytail: the outline is the ellipse of the vertex's width and height, as the file sizes it (before the Draw
+ * window's Size of Vertices or vectors), whatever its shape.
+ * @param get - the line's parameters
+ * @param put - receives the values
+ * @param run - the line from its source's center to its target's, in drawn units, y down
+ * @param target - the target vertex's width and height
+ */
+function readArcEnd(get: Param, put: Put, run: Run, target: readonly [number, number]): void {
+    const ap = numberOrNull(get("ap")) ?? 0;
+    const length = Math.hypot(run[0], run[1]);
+    if (ap !== 0 || length === 0 || bezierControls(get, run) === null) {
+        return;
+    }
+    const [ux, uy] = [run[0] / length, run[1] / length];
+    // the straight line meets the outline r from the target's center; the arrowhead's back is 1.5 + 5 s before it
+    const r = 1 / Math.hypot(ux / (target[0] / 2), uy / (target[1] / 2));
+    const back = 1.5 + 5 * (numberOrNull(get("s")) ?? 1);
+    const turn = (-(numberOrNull(get("a2")) ?? 0) * Math.PI) / 180;
+    const [c, s] = [Math.cos(turn), Math.sin(turn)];
+    // the arrowhead's back, from the source's center
+    const end: Run = [run[0] - r * ux - back * (ux * c - uy * s), run[1] - r * uy - back * (ux * s + uy * c)];
+    const controls = bezierControls(get, end);
+    if (controls === null) {
+        return;
+    }
+    // each control point on screen from the source's center, then along and to the left of the line to the target
+    const L2 = length * length;
+    const fraction = (x: number): string => String(Math.round(x * 1e4) / 1e4 || 0);
+    const bends = controls.map(([along, left]) => {
+        const [x, y] = [along * end[0] + left * end[1], along * end[1] - left * end[0]];
+        return `${fraction((x * run[0] + y * run[1]) / L2)},${fraction((x * run[1] - y * run[0]) / L2)}`;
+    });
+    put("bends", bends.join(" "));
+}
+
+/**
+ * A line's two Bezier control points (`readBezier`), each `[along, across]` as fractions of the line from its source:
+ * along it, and to its left on screen.
+ * @param get - the line's parameters
+ * @param run - the line, or null when unplaced
+ * @returns the points, or null for a line Pajek draws straight or a loop
+ */
+function bezierControls(get: Param, run: Run | null): [[number, number], [number, number]] | null {
+    const [a1, k1, a2, k2] = ["a1", "k1", "a2", "k2"].map((key) => numberOrNull(get(key)));
+    if ((a1 === null && k1 === null && a2 === null && k2 === null) || run === null || (run[0] === 0 && run[1] === 0)) {
+        return null;
+    }
+    const [s, t] = [k1 ?? 1, k2 ?? 1];
+    if (s < 0 || t < 0) {
+        return null;
+    }
+    const rad = Math.PI / 180;
+    const [u, v] = [(a1 ?? 0) * rad, (a2 ?? 0) * rad];
+    return [
+        [(s / 2) * Math.cos(u), (-s / 2) * Math.sin(u)],
+        [1 - (t / 2) * Math.cos(v), (-t / 2) * Math.sin(v)],
+    ];
+}
+
+/**
+ * A line's direction on screen, in degrees clockwise, where its label is drawn: along a straight line, or along its
+ * Bezier curve (`bezierControls`) at the label's place, `along` of the way from the source.
+ * @param get - the line's parameters
+ * @param run - the line
+ * @param along - the label's place, 0 at the source and 1 at the target
+ * @returns the direction
+ */
+function lineDirection(get: Param, run: Run, along: number): number {
+    const controls = bezierControls(get, run);
+    let [dx, dy] = run;
+    if (controls !== null) {
+        // the cubic's tangent at `along`, in the line's own frame (along, left), then on screen
+        const t = Math.min(1, Math.max(0, along));
+        const p = [[0, 0], ...controls, [1, 0]];
+        const d = (k: 0 | 1): number =>
+            3 * (1 - t) ** 2 * (p[1][k] - p[0][k]) +
+            6 * (1 - t) * t * (p[2][k] - p[1][k]) +
+            3 * t ** 2 * (p[3][k] - p[2][k]);
+        const [a, l] = [d(0), d(1)];
+        // left of (dx, dy) on screen, y down, is (dy, -dx)
+        [dx, dy] = [a * run[0] + l * run[1], a * run[1] - l * run[0]];
+    }
+    return (Math.atan2(dy, dx) * 180) / Math.PI;
+}
+
+/**
+ * What a line's value draws (manual 5.3 p. 90): a line of value 0 is not drawn, and a negative one is drawn as Dots
+ * unless the line sets a pattern.
+ * @param value - the line's value, or null
+ * @param get - the line's parameters
+ * @param put - receives the values
+ * @param directed - whether the line is an arc
+ */
+function readLineValue(value: number | null, get: Param, put: Put, directed = true): void {
+    if (value === 0) {
+        put("visible", false);
+    } else if (value !== null && value < 0 && get("p") === null) {
+        // drawn as Dots are (`pajek-specimen-edges-lines` `value-negative`)
+        put("lineStyle", pajekDash(get, directed));
+    }
+}
+
+/** The dash and the gap of Pajek 6.02's Dots, in px whatever the line's width (`stroke-dasharray:5`). */
+const PAJEK_DASH = 5;
+
+/**
+ * How a line drawn as Pajek's Dots looks: Pajek 6.02's SVG export draws it `stroke-dasharray:5`, dashes and gaps 5 px
+ * long whatever the line's width, so a line 10/3 px wide or wider, its dashes no longer than one and a half widths,
+ * shows dots and a thinner one dashes (`pajek-specimen-edges-lines` `p-dots` at 1.5: dashes; `pajek-synth-lines`
+ * arc `12 13` at w 5 and edge `1 8` at w 3, drawn 6 wide: dots).
+ * @param get - the line's parameters
+ * @param directed - whether the line is an arc, drawn `w` wide (an edge twice `w`)
+ * @returns the line style
+ */
+function pajekDash(get: Param, directed: boolean): "dashed" | "dotted" {
+    const w = numberOrNull(get("w"));
+    // without a `w`, Pajek's arc is 1 wide and its edge 2
+    const width = (w ?? 1) * (directed ? 1 : EDGE_WIDTH_PER_W);
+    return PAJEK_DASH <= 1.5 * Math.max(1, width) ? "dotted" : "dashed";
+}
+
+/**
+ * A line's hooks `h1` and `h2` (manual p. 90): the points of its source's and its target's outline it runs between,
+ * numbered by Pajek's shipped SHAPES.CFG for the vertex's shape. An ellipse's hook k is at k degrees counterclockwise
+ * from the right (CIRC `10 1`), a box's runs round its border in 400 steps from the middle of its right side,
+ * counterclockwise (CART), and a cross, which Pajek draws as an ellipse, has an ellipse's; `pajek-specimen-edges-lines-p2`:
+ * `h1 90 h2 270` runs from the top of the source to the bottom of the target, `h1 1 h2 1` ends on the far side of the
+ * target, `h1 1` on a box leaves at its right side. 0 (the center) and -1 (the nearest hook) are where graphty runs a
+ * line anyway. ponytail: the hooks of the other shapes (a diamond's 360 polar radii, a triangle's, a figure's) are
+ * not read; Pajek's box hook 100 was measured 0.22 of the half width left of the top's middle, where SHAPES.CFG puts
+ * it.
+ * @param get - the line's parameters
+ * @param put - receives the values
+ * @param source - the source vertex's shape keyword, or null
+ * @param target - the target vertex's shape keyword, or null
+ */
+function readHooks(get: Param, put: Put, source: unknown, target: unknown): void {
+    for (const [key, property, shape] of [
+        ["h1", "sourcePort", source],
+        ["h2", "targetPort", target],
+    ] as const) {
+        const hook = numberOrNull(get(key));
+        const port = hook === null ? null : hookPort(shape, hook);
+        if (port !== null) {
+            const round = (v: number): string => String(Number(v.toFixed(4)) + 0);
+            put(property, `${round(port[0])},${round(port[1])}`);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/**
+ * One hook's point on its vertex (`readHooks`), as fractions of the half width and height, y up.
+ * @param shape - the vertex's shape keyword, null for Pajek's default ellipse
+ * @param hook - the hook's number
+ * @returns the point, or null where Pajek's hook is not read
+ */
+function hookPort(shape: unknown, hook: number): readonly [number, number] | null {
+    if (!Number.isInteger(hook) || hook < 1) {
+        return null;
+    }
+    const keyword = typeof shape === "string" ? shape.toLowerCase() : "ellipse";
+    // Pajek 6.02 draws a cross as an ellipse, with an ellipse's hooks (`h-cross-1-3`: hook 3 at 3 degrees)
+    if (keyword === "ellipse" || keyword === "cross") {
+        const a = (hook * Math.PI) / 180;
+        return [Math.cos(a), Math.sin(a)];
+    }
+    if (keyword !== "box" || hook > 400) {
+        return null;
+    }
+    // 0.02 of the half size a step: up the right side's top half, across the top, down the left, across the
+    // bottom and up the right side's bottom half
+    const d = hook * 0.02;
+    if (hook <= 50) {
+        return [1, d];
+    }
+    if (hook <= 150) {
+        return [2 - d, 1];
+    }
+    if (hook <= 250) {
+        return [-1, 4 - d];
+    }
+    return hook <= 350 ? [d - 6, -1] : [1, d - 8];
+}
+
+/**
+ * A cell's number: a number as is, a numeric text parsed, anything else null.
+ * @param raw - the cell
+ * @returns the number, or null
+ */
+function numberOrNull(raw: unknown): number | null {
+    if (typeof raw === "string" && raw.trim() !== "") {
+        raw = Number(raw);
+    }
+    return typeof raw === "number" && Number.isFinite(raw) ? raw : null;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Where a line's arrowhead sits, Pajek's `ap` (manual p. 90): a fraction of the line from its end up to 1 (0.5 is the
+ * middle); a value above 1 is a distance from the end, which the vocabulary does not hold, so it is noted and not read.
+ * @param raw - the parameter's value, or null
+ * @param put - receives the value
+ * @param at - the sites
+ */
+function readArrowPosition(raw: unknown, put: Put, at: At): void {
+    if (raw === null) {
+        return;
+    }
+    const ap = canonNumber(raw, at("arrowPosition"));
+    if (ap !== null && ap > 1) {
+        noteAt(at("arrowPosition"), STYLE_ISSUE.NOT_CARRIED, `ap ${String(ap)}`);
+        return;
+    }
+    // 0 is Pajek's own place for the arrow, at the line's end, which a line restates after one that moved it
+    if (ap !== 0) {
+        put("arrowPosition", ap);
     }
 }
 
@@ -190,9 +1043,21 @@ function readLine(get: Param, put: Put, at: At): void {
  * @returns the getter
  */
 function cells(table: GraphSnapshot["nodes"], i: number): Param {
-    return (key) => (table.has(key) ? plainCell(table.value(key, i)) : null);
+    return (key) => {
+        const v = table.has(key) ? plainCell(table.value(key, i)) : null;
+        // a color written as numbers (`c 0.700 0.700 0.700`) is no color to Pajek 6.02: the line keeps the color it
+        // carries from the line before, or Pajek's default (`pajek-1crn`, `pajek-specimen-edges-lines`
+        // `c-three-fractions`). ponytail: measured on lines; vertex colors are read the same way
+        return COLOR_PARAMS.has(key) && typeof v === "string" && NUMERIC_COLOR.test(v) ? null : v;
+    };
 }
 
+/** The parameters that hold a color. */
+const COLOR_PARAMS: ReadonlySet<string> = new Set(["ic", "bc", "lc", "c"]);
+
+/** A color written as numbers rather than a name or an RGB / CMYK form. */
+const NUMERIC_COLOR = /^[\d.]+(?: [\d.]+)*$/;
+
 /**
  * Whether each edge is an arc (directed).
  * @param snapshot - the graph
@@ -220,41 +1085,90 @@ function styleColumns(table: GraphSnapshot["nodes"], keys: readonly string[]): s
 }
 
 /**
- * The styles of a Pajek file, read the way Pajek draws them, with Pajek's stated defaults beneath: a labeled ellipse
- * with a black border and a black centered label, black solid lines, and an arrow at the target of every arc. A file graphty wrote gives back its `graphty.styles` block.
+ * The styles of a Pajek file, read the way Pajek draws them, with Pajek's own defaults beneath: a labeled #ffd9bc
+ * ellipse with a #660000 border, teal edges, and grey arcs with an arrow at the target. A file graphty wrote gives back its `graphty.styles` block.
  * @param snapshot - the graph the import built
  * @param context - the work budget and the block text the import kept
  * @returns the styles
  */
 export function pajekStyles(snapshot: GraphSnapshot, context: StyleReadContext): ImporterStyles {
     const notes = new StyleNotes();
+    const { block, draw, voided } = keptOf(context.kept);
+    const labels = drawsLineLabels(draw);
+    const place = places(snapshot);
+    // Pajek stretches the file's 0..1 to its Draw window one axis at a time, 500 x 500 without one
+    const window = draw ?? { width: PAJEK_POINTS_PER_UNIT, height: PAJEK_POINTS_PER_UNIT };
+    const loops = new Map<number, LoopControls>();
+    const runOf = (e: number): Run | null => {
+        const [s, t] = [place(snapshot.edgeSource(e)), place(snapshot.edgeTarget(e))];
+        return s === null || t === null ? null : [(t[0] - s[0]) * window.width, (t[1] - s[1]) * window.height];
+    };
     const read = (target: StyleTarget): ValueColumns => {
         const table = target === "node" ? snapshot.nodes : snapshot.edges;
         const n = target === "node" ? snapshot.nodeCount : snapshot.edgeCount;
         const out = valueColumns(n);
+        const carry = carriedParams(target === "node" ? CARRIED.node : CARRIED_LINE, target === "node");
         for (let i = 0; i < n; i++) {
             context.budget.spend(target, 1);
             const at: At = (property) => ({ notes, target, property, element: i, budget: context.budget });
-            (target === "node" ? readVertex : readLine)(
-                cells(table, i),
-                (property, value) => {
-                    out.put(i, property, value);
-                },
-                at,
-            );
+            const put: Put = (property, value) => {
+                out.put(i, property, value);
+            };
+            const own = cells(table, i);
+            const get = target === "node" && voided.has(i) ? voidedParams(own, keywords[i - 1] ?? null) : carry(own);
+            if (target === "node") {
+                readVertex(get, put, at, place(i));
+                keywords[i] = get(SHAPE_COLUMN);
+            } else {
+                readEdge(i, get, put, at);
+            }
         }
         return out.values;
     };
+    const readEdge = (i: number, get: Param, put: Put, at: At): void => {
+        // a loop on a placed node: an unplaced one is laid out by graphty, which draws its own loop, and a
+        // file graphty wrote keeps its routes in its block
+        const run = runOf(i);
+        const loop =
+            run !== null && block === null && snapshot.edgeSource(i) === snapshot.edgeTarget(i)
+                ? (controls: LoopControls): void => {
+                      loops.set(i, controls);
+                  }
+                : null;
+        readLine(get, put, at, directed[i], labels, run, loop);
+        if (directed[i] && loop === null && run !== null) {
+            readArcEnd(get, put, run, targetSize(snapshot.edgeTarget(i)));
+        }
+        readLineValue(lineValue(i), get, put, directed[i]);
+        readHooks(get, put, keywords[snapshot.edgeSource(i)], keywords[snapshot.edgeTarget(i)]);
+    };
+    const directed = directedEdges(snapshot);
+    const keywords: unknown[] = [];
+    const weights = explicitWeights(snapshot);
+    // the line's value: its weight, or the `value` column when the import kept the value as an attribute
+    const lineValue = (e: number): number | null =>
+        weights.isExplicit(e) ? weights.value(e) : numberOrNull(cells(snapshot.edges, e)(VALUE_COLUMN));
     const node = read("node");
+    // a vertex's width and height as the file draws it, for where an arc's arrowhead meets it
+    const targetSize = (v: number): readonly [number, number] => {
+        const size = (property: string): number => {
+            const s = node[property]?.[v];
+            return typeof s === "number" && s > 0 ? s : PAJEK_VERTEX_SIZE;
+        };
+        return [size("width"), size("height")];
+    };
     const edge = read("edge");
-    const block = typeof context.kept === "string" ? context.kept : null;
+    if (draw !== null) {
+        drawVertices(draw, snapshot, node);
+        drawLines(draw, snapshot, node, edge);
+    }
+    layLoops(snapshot, loops, node, edge);
     if (block !== null) {
-        exactFromBlock(snapshot, block, { node, edge });
+        exactFromBlock(snapshot, block, { node, edge }, labels);
     }
-    // Pajek's default that is a rule: an arc has an arrow at its target, an edge none
+    // Pajek's defaults that are a rule: an arc has an arrow at its target and is drawn grey and thinner, an edge not
     const rules: StyleRule[] = [];
     const columns = new Map<string, StyleColumn>();
-    const directed = directedEdges(snapshot);
     if (directed.some(Boolean)) {
         columns.set(
             DIRECTED_KEY,
@@ -266,14 +1180,14 @@ export function pajekStyles(snapshot: GraphSnapshot, context: StyleReadContext):
             role: "group",
             origin: "tool",
             where: { has: { style: DIRECTED_KEY } },
-            set: { targetArrow: "triangle" },
+            set: { targetArrow: "triangle", color: ARC_DEFAULTS.color, width: ARC_DEFAULTS.width },
         });
     }
     return {
         canonical: true,
         dialect: "dvips",
         tool: "pajek",
-        units: "relative",
+        units: "px",
         node: { values: node },
         edge: { values: edge, rules, columns },
         notes: notes.list(),
@@ -285,6 +1199,67 @@ export function pajekStyles(snapshot: GraphSnapshot, context: StyleReadContext):
     };
 }
 
+/**
+ * Each vertex's place in the file's own coordinates, as the position column holds them.
+ * @param snapshot - the graph
+ * @returns a getter of a vertex's place, null when it has none
+ */
+function places(snapshot: GraphSnapshot): (i: number) => Place | null {
+    const col = snapshot.nodes.byRole("position");
+    return (i) => {
+        const v: unknown = col === null || col === undefined ? null : col.value(i);
+        if (v === null || typeof v !== "object" || !("length" in v)) {
+            return null;
+        }
+        const [x, y] = v as ArrayLike<unknown> as [unknown, unknown];
+        return typeof x === "number" && typeof y === "number" ? [x, y] : null;
+    };
+}
+
+/**
+ * What the import kept for the styles: the `graphty.styles` block, the Draw window of the `pajekDraw` option, and the
+ * vertices whose line Pajek draws with none of its parameters.
+ * @param kept - the kept value: the block's text, or `{ block, pajekDraw, voided }`
+ * @returns the block and the draw settings, each null when absent, and the voided vertices
+ */
+function keptOf(kept: unknown): {
+    readonly block: string | null;
+    readonly draw: PajekDraw | null;
+    readonly voided: ReadonlySet<number>;
+} {
+    if (typeof kept === "string") {
+        return { block: kept, draw: null, voided: new Set() };
+    }
+    if (typeof kept === "object" && kept !== null) {
+        const { block, pajekDraw, voided } = kept as { block?: unknown; pajekDraw?: PajekDraw; voided?: number[] };
+        return {
+            block: typeof block === "string" ? block : null,
+            draw: pajekDraw ?? null,
+            voided: new Set(voided ?? []),
+        };
+    }
+    return { block: null, draw: null, voided: new Set() };
+}
+
+/**
+ * The parameters Pajek 6.02 draws a voided vertex line with (`VOIDING_KEYS` in the importer): its label, and none of
+ * its own parameters, so the vertex is Pajek's default size and colors, in the shape of the vertex line before it
+ * (`pajek-specimen-node-sizes-opacity` `s-size-no-shape`, after a box: a box 20 across in #ffd9bc). ponytail: probes
+ * showed the shape is not always the line before's (after `box ic Green` a voided line drew an ellipse in one file and
+ * the triangle of two lines before in another); the rule Pajek follows was not found.
+ * @param own - the line's own parameters
+ * @param before - the shape keyword of the vertex line before it, or null
+ * @returns the getter
+ */
+function voidedParams(own: Param, before: unknown): Param {
+    return (key) => {
+        if (key === LABEL_COLUMN) {
+            return own(key);
+        }
+        return key === SHAPE_COLUMN ? before : null;
+    };
+}
+
 // ============================================================ writing
 
 /** One element's value of a property. */
@@ -361,13 +1336,62 @@ function shapeKeyword(get: Get, approximate: Approximate): string {
     if (keyword !== undefined) {
         return keyword;
     }
+    if (shape === "polygon" && diamondQ(get) !== null) {
+        return "diamond";
+    }
     approximate("shape", shape);
+    const points = get("shapePoints");
+    if (shape === "polygon" && points !== null) {
+        approximate("shapePoints", points);
+    }
     return NEAREST_SHAPES.get(shape) ?? "ellipse";
 }
 
 /**
- * A vertex's parameters from its values, leaving out what Pajek draws by default: an ellipse with a black border 1
- * wide and a black label.
+ * The `q` of a polygon that is Pajek's unturned diamond (`readOutline`), or null for any other.
+ * @param get - the vertex's values
+ * @returns the diamond's `q`, or null
+ */
+function diamondQ(get: Get): number | null {
+    const points = get("shapePoints");
+    const corners =
+        typeof points === "string"
+            ? points
+                  .trim()
+                  .split(/\s+/)
+                  .map((p) => p.split(",").map(Number))
+            : [];
+    if (corners.length !== 6) {
+        return null;
+    }
+    const q = corners[2][0];
+    const want = [
+        [-1, 0],
+        [-q, 1],
+        [q, 1],
+        [1, 0],
+        [q, -1],
+        [-q, -1],
+    ];
+    return want.every(([x, y], k) => corners[k][0] === x && corners[k][1] === y) ? q : null;
+}
+
+/**
+ * What Pajek draws by default for a property (`styles/defaults.ts`), which the writer leaves out.
+ * @param target - nodes or edges
+ * @param property - the property
+ * @returns the default, or undefined
+ */
+function pajekDefault(target: StyleTarget, property: string): StyleValue | undefined {
+    const values: Readonly<Record<string, { readonly value: unknown } | undefined>> | undefined =
+        toolDefaults("pajek")?.[target];
+    return values?.[property]?.value as StyleValue | undefined;
+}
+
+/**
+ * A vertex's parameters from its values, leaving out the ellipse and the black border 1 wide Pajek draws by default;
+ * the inverse of `readVertex`: `x_fact` and `y_fact` are the width and height over the normal size, the other lengths
+ * points as they are.
  * @param get - the vertex's values
  * @param approximate - records approximations
  * @returns the parameters, the shape keyword under `shape`
@@ -379,43 +1403,148 @@ function vertexParams(get: Get, approximate: Approximate): Map<string, Written>
     if (keyword !== "ellipse") {
         out.set(SHAPE_COLUMN, keyword);
     }
+    const q = diamondQ(get);
+    if (q !== null && q !== PAJEK_DIAMOND_Q) {
+        out.set("q", q);
+    }
+    vertexColorParams(get, out);
+    vertexSizeParams(get, out);
+    const bw = get("borderWidth");
+    if (typeof bw === "number" && bw !== pajekDefault("node", "borderWidth")) {
+        out.set("bw", bw);
+    }
+    fontParam(get, out, pajekDefault("node", "labelFont"));
+    labelPositionParams(get, out, approximate);
+    return out;
+}
+
+/**
+ * A vertex's colors as parameters (`ic`, `bc`, `lc`), leaving out Pajek's defaults.
+ * @param get - the vertex's values
+ * @param out - receives the parameters
+ */
+function vertexColorParams(get: Get, out: Map<string, Written>): void {
     const colors = [
         ["fill", "ic"],
         ["borderColor", "bc"],
         ["labelColor", "lc"],
     ] as const;
-    const numbers = [
-        ["width", "x_fact"],
-        ["height", "y_fact"],
-        ["labelSize", "fos"],
-    ] as const;
     for (const [property, key] of colors) {
         const v = get(property);
-        if (typeof v === "string" && (property === "fill" || v !== "#000000")) {
+        if (typeof v === "string" && v !== pajekDefault("node", property)) {
             out.set(key, pajekColorText(v));
         }
     }
-    for (const [property, key] of numbers) {
+}
+
+/**
+ * A vertex's sizes as parameters (`x_fact`, `y_fact`, `fos`), leaving out Pajek's defaults.
+ * @param get - the vertex's values
+ * @param out - receives the parameters
+ */
+function vertexSizeParams(get: Get, out: Map<string, Written>): void {
+    const numbers = [
+        ["width", "x_fact", PAJEK_VERTEX_SIZE],
+        ["height", "y_fact", PAJEK_VERTEX_SIZE],
+        ["labelSize", "fos", 1],
+    ] as const;
+    // a man's or a woman's box is the figure's, which reaches past the size its x_fact and y_fact give (readSize)
+    const figure = PAJEK_FIGURES.get(String(get("shape")));
+    for (const [property, key, per] of numbers) {
         const v = get(property);
-        if (typeof v === "number") {
-            out.set(key, v);
+        let over = 1;
+        if (figure !== undefined && key !== "fos") {
+            over = figure[key === "x_fact" ? 0 : 1];
+        }
+        if (typeof v === "number" && (over !== 1 || v !== pajekDefault("node", property))) {
+            out.set(key, Number((v / (per * over)).toPrecision(15)));
         }
     }
-    const bw = get("borderWidth");
-    if (typeof bw === "number") {
-        const written = Number((bw * VERTEX_SIZE).toPrecision(15));
-        if (written === 1) {
-            out.delete("bw");
-        } else {
-            out.set("bw", written);
+}
+
+/**
+ * A label's `font`, the inverse of `readFont`: a PostScript family with a generic one after it is written by its
+ * PostScript name (`Courier, monospace` as `Courier`), any other family as it is; Pajek draws every label bold and
+ * upright, so neither the weight nor the slant is written.
+ * @param get - the element's values
+ * @param out - the parameters, changed in place
+ * @param skip - the font left out, Pajek's default, or undefined
+ */
+function fontParam(get: Get, out: Map<string, Written>, skip?: StyleValue): void {
+    const font = get("labelFont");
+    const name = typeof font === "string" && font !== "" ? graphvizFontName(font, false, false) : null;
+    if (name !== null && name !== skip) {
+        out.set("font", name);
+    }
+}
+
+/**
+ * A label position as Pajek's polar label parameters, leaving out the default (20 from the center at 285 degrees): a
+ * label centered with its left edge's middle offset from the center is `lr` and `lphi` (the inverse of
+ * `readLabelPosition`), one centered on the vertex `lr 0`, and a side its angle `lphi`; a side Pajek cannot put a
+ * label on is written as the nearest it can, and noted.
+ * @param get - the vertex's values
+ * @param out - the parameters, changed in place
+ * @param approximate - records approximations
+ */
+function labelPositionParams(get: Get, out: Map<string, Written>, approximate: Approximate): void {
+    const position = get("labelPosition");
+    if (typeof position !== "string") {
+        return;
+    }
+    if (position === "center") {
+        const polar = polarOf(get);
+        if (polar === null) {
+            out.set("lr", 0);
+        } else if (polar[0] !== PAJEK_LABEL_RADIUS || polar[1] !== PAJEK_LABEL_ANGLE) {
+            out.set("lr", polar[0]);
+            out.set("lphi", polar[1]);
         }
+        return;
     }
-    return out;
+    const nearest = NEAREST_SIDES.get(position);
+    if (nearest !== undefined) {
+        approximate("labelPosition", position);
+    }
+    const angle = SIDE_ANGLES.get(nearest ?? position);
+    if (angle !== undefined && angle !== PAJEK_LABEL_ANGLE) {
+        out.set("lphi", angle);
+    }
+}
+
+/**
+ * The `lr` and `lphi` that put a centered label where its offsets say (`labelOffset`, inverted), 6 places each.
+ * @param get - the vertex's values
+ * @returns `[lr, lphi]`, or null for a label on the vertex's center (no offset, no shift)
+ */
+function polarOf(get: Get): [number, number] | null {
+    const [x, y, shift] = [get("labelOffsetX"), get("labelOffsetY"), get("labelShiftX")];
+    if (typeof x !== "number" || typeof y !== "number" || shift !== 0.5) {
+        return null;
+    }
+    const size = get("labelSize");
+    const up = y + PAJEK_BASELINE_TO_MIDDLE * (typeof size === "number" ? size : PAJEK_LABEL_SIZE);
+    const round = (v: number): number => Number(v.toFixed(6)) + 0;
+    const lr = round(Math.hypot(x, up));
+    return lr === 0 ? null : [lr, round(((((Math.atan2(-up, x) * 180) / Math.PI) % 360) + 360) % 360)];
 }
 
 /**
- * A line's parameters from its values, leaving out Pajek's black solid line. Arrows are Pajek's own: an arc has one
- * at its target and an edge none, so any other arrow is noted.
+ * A line's color and width when it sets neither: an arc's, or an edge's (the tool defaults).
+ * @param directed - whether the line is an arc
+ * @returns the color and width
+ */
+function lineDefaults(directed: boolean): {
+    readonly color: StyleValue | undefined;
+    readonly width: StyleValue | undefined;
+} {
+    return directed ? ARC_DEFAULTS : { color: pajekDefault("edge", "color"), width: pajekDefault("edge", "width") };
+}
+
+/**
+ * A line's parameters from its values, leaving out the solid line Pajek draws by default (grey and 1 wide for an arc,
+ * teal and 2 wide for an edge; `w` is half an edge's width). Arrows are Pajek's own: an arc has one at its target and
+ * an edge none, so any other arrow is noted.
  * @param get - the line's values
  * @param directed - whether the line is an arc
  * @param approximate - records approximations
@@ -424,18 +1553,24 @@ function vertexParams(get: Get, approximate: Approximate): Map<string, Written>
 function lineParams(get: Get, directed: boolean, approximate: Approximate): Map<string, Written> {
     const out = new Map<string, Written>();
     opaque(get, ["opacity"], approximate);
+    const defaults = lineDefaults(directed);
     const color = get("color");
-    if (typeof color === "string" && color !== "#000000") {
+    if (typeof color === "string" && color !== defaults.color) {
         out.set("c", pajekColorText(color));
     }
     const width = get("width");
-    if (typeof width === "number") {
-        out.set("w", width);
+    if (typeof width === "number" && width !== defaults.width) {
+        out.set("w", directed ? width : Number((width / EDGE_WIDTH_PER_W).toPrecision(15)));
     }
     const lineStyle = get("lineStyle");
-    if (typeof lineStyle === "string" && lineStyle !== "solid" && pajekDots(lineStyle, approximate)) {
+    if (typeof lineStyle === "string" && lineStyle !== "solid" && pajekDots(lineStyle, out, directed, approximate)) {
         out.set("p", "Dots");
     }
+    const position = get("arrowPosition");
+    if (typeof position === "number" && position > 0) {
+        out.set("ap", position);
+    }
+    lineLabelParams(get, out, approximate);
     const target = get("targetArrow");
     if (target !== null && target !== (directed ? "triangle" : "none")) {
         approximate("targetArrow", target);
@@ -448,84 +1583,100 @@ function lineParams(get: Get, directed: boolean, approximate: Approximate): Map<
 }
 
 /**
- * Whether a line other than a solid one is written as Pajek's Dots: Pajek draws Solid and Dots only; a dashed kind is
- * nearest to Dots, any other line to Solid.
- * @param lineStyle - the line style
+ * A line's label parameters: its text `l` (a line break or a double quote written as Pajek can hold it, noted), its
+ * color `lc`, size `fos` and font `font`.
+ * @param get - the line's values
+ * @param out - the parameters, changed in place
  * @param approximate - records approximations
- * @returns true for Dots
  */
-function pajekDots(lineStyle: string, approximate: Approximate): boolean {
-    if (lineStyle === "dotted") {
-        return true;
+function lineLabelParams(get: Get, out: Map<string, Written>, approximate: Approximate): void {
+    const label = get("label");
+    if (typeof label === "string" && label !== "") {
+        const text = pajekLabelText(label);
+        if (text !== label) {
+            approximate("label", label);
+        }
+        out.set("l", text);
     }
-    approximate("lineStyle", lineStyle);
-    return lineStyle === "dashed" || lineStyle === "dash-dot" || lineStyle === "long-dash";
+    const labelColor = get("labelColor");
+    if (typeof labelColor === "string") {
+        out.set("lc", pajekColorText(labelColor));
+    }
+    const labelSize = get("labelSize");
+    if (typeof labelSize === "number") {
+        out.set("fos", labelSize);
+    }
+    fontParam(get, out);
 }
 
 /**
- * Each element's values of the properties the writer writes, as a getter per element.
- * @param picture - each element's value of a property
- * @param target - nodes or edges
- * @returns the getter
+ * Whether a line other than a solid one is written as Pajek's Dots: Pajek draws Solid and Dots only, and its Dots
+ * shows dots on a wide line and dashes on a thin one (`pajekDash`); the other of the two and any other dashed kind is
+ * nearest to Dots, any other line to Solid.
+ * @param lineStyle - the line style
+ * @param params - the line's parameters written so far, its `w` among them
+ * @param directed - whether the line is an arc
+ * @param approximate - records approximations
+ * @returns true for Dots
  */
-function getter(
-    picture: (target: StyleTarget, property: string) => readonly (StyleValue | null)[],
-    target: StyleTarget,
-): (i: number) => Get {
-    const columns = new Map<string, readonly (StyleValue | null)[]>();
-    for (const p of PAJEK_STYLE_CAPABILITIES[target]) {
-        columns.set(p, picture(target, p));
+function pajekDots(
+    lineStyle: string,
+    params: ReadonlyMap<string, Written>,
+    directed: boolean,
+    approximate: Approximate,
+): boolean {
+    if (lineStyle === pajekDash((key) => params.get(key) ?? null, directed)) {
+        return true;
     }
-    return (i) => (property) => columns.get(property)?.[i] ?? null;
+    approximate("lineStyle", lineStyle);
+    return ["dashed", "dotted", "dash-dot", "long-dash"].includes(lineStyle);
 }
 
 /**
  * For a file graphty wrote: where a value read from the parameters is what the writer writes for the block's own
- * value (a hexagon written as an ellipse, a dashed line as Dots), the block's exact value is the truth, so a re-import
+ * value (a hexagon written as an ellipse, a dotted line as Dots), the block's exact value is the truth, so a re-import
  * gives back the same rules; a value another program changed since stays the truth.
  * @param snapshot - the graph
  * @param text - the block's text
  * @param read - the values read, changed in place
  * @param read.node - the node values
  * @param read.edge - the edge values
+ * @param labels - whether the lines' labels are drawn
  */
 function exactFromBlock(
     snapshot: GraphSnapshot,
     text: string,
     read: { readonly node: ValueColumns; readonly edge: ValueColumns },
+    labels: boolean,
 ): void {
-    const parsed = parseStyleBlock(text, styleFingerprint(snapshot));
-    const ex = parsed.ok ? blockStyles(parsed.block, snapshot, "pajek") : null;
-    if (ex === null) {
-        return;
-    }
     const notes = new StyleNotes();
     const directed = directedEdges(snapshot);
-    for (const target of ["node", "edge"] as const) {
-        const n = target === "node" ? snapshot.nodeCount : snapshot.edgeCount;
-        const get = getter((t, p) => resolveStyles(ex, t, p as never, snapshot), target);
-        const values = read[target];
-        for (let i = 0; i < n; i++) {
-            const want = get(i);
-            const back = writtenAndReadBack(target, want, directed[i], notes);
-            for (const property of READ[target]) {
-                const native = values[property]?.[i] ?? null;
-                const w = want(property);
-                if (w !== null && native !== w && native === (back.get(property) ?? null)) {
-                    values[property] ??= new Array<StyleValue | null>(n).fill(null);
-                    values[property][i] = w;
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    }
+    takeFromBlock(snapshot, text, "pajek", (target) => ({
+        values: read[target],
+        properties: READ[target],
+        writes: PAJEK_STYLE_CAPABILITIES[target],
+        readBack: (i, want) => {
+            const back = writtenAndReadBack(target, want, directed[i], notes, labels);
+            return (property) => back.get(property) ?? null;
+        },
+        // a label the block places by a side clears the offsets its `lphi` reads back as
+        take: (property, wanted) => wanted !== null || LABEL_PLACE.has(property) || OUTLINE.has(property),
+    }));
 }
 
+/** The outline a shape written as `diamond` reads back as, which the block's own shape clears. */
+const OUTLINE: ReadonlySet<string> = new Set(["shapePoints", "shapePointsStretch"]);
+
+/** The label place properties a side written as `lphi` reads back as. */
+const LABEL_PLACE: ReadonlySet<string> = new Set(["labelOffsetX", "labelOffsetY", "labelShiftX"]);
+
 /**
  * An element's values written as the writer writes them and read back as the reader reads them.
  * @param target - nodes or edges
  * @param want - its values
  * @param directed - for a line, whether it is an arc
  * @param notes - a scratch for the notes the round trip makes
+ * @param labels - whether the lines' labels are drawn
  * @returns the values read back, by property
  */
 function writtenAndReadBack(
@@ -533,6 +1684,7 @@ function writtenAndReadBack(
     want: Get,
     directed: boolean,
     notes: StyleNotes,
+    labels: boolean,
 ): Map<string, StyleValue> {
     const ignore: Approximate = () => undefined;
     const params = target === "node" ? vertexParams(want, ignore) : lineParams(want, directed, ignore);
@@ -541,15 +1693,27 @@ function writtenAndReadBack(
     if (typeof label === "string") {
         params.set(LABEL_COLUMN, pajekLabelText(label));
     }
-    (target === "node" ? readVertex : readLine)(
-        (key) => params.get(key) ?? null,
-        (property, value) => {
-            if (value !== null) {
-                back.set(property, value);
-            }
-        },
-        (property) => ({ notes, target, property }),
-    );
+    // what the writer restates so that nothing is carried to this element (`restateCarried`)
+    if (target === "node" && [...params.keys()].every((key) => key === LABEL_COLUMN)) {
+        params.set(SHAPE_COLUMN, "ellipse");
+    }
+    for (const key of target === "edge" ? CARRIED.edge : []) {
+        if (!params.has(key)) {
+            params.set(key, lineRestated(key, directed));
+        }
+    }
+    const get: Param = (key) => params.get(key) ?? null;
+    const put: Put = (property, value) => {
+        if (value !== null) {
+            back.set(property, value);
+        }
+    };
+    const at: At = (property) => ({ notes, target, property });
+    if (target === "node") {
+        readVertex(get, put, at);
+    } else {
+        readLine(get, put, at, directed, labels);
+    }
     return back;
 }
 
@@ -586,15 +1750,16 @@ export function pajekStyledExport(
         const approximate: Approximate = (property, value) => {
             approximated.add(target, property, value);
         };
-        const get = getter((t, p) => input.picture(t, p as never), target);
+        const get = elementValues((t, p) => input.picture(t, p as never), target, PAJEK_STYLE_CAPABILITIES[target]);
         const n = target === "node" ? snapshot.nodeCount : snapshot.edgeCount;
         const params = (i: number): Map<string, Written> =>
             target === "node" ? vertexParams(get(i), approximate) : lineParams(get(i), directed[i], approximate);
-        replaceParamColumns(
-            table,
-            target === "node" ? [SHAPE_COLUMN, ...NODE_KEYS] : EDGE_KEYS,
-            paramColumns(n, params),
-        );
+        const columns = paramColumns(n, params);
+        if (target === "edge") {
+            keepLineLabels(snapshot, columns);
+        }
+        restateCarried(target, columns, directed);
+        replaceParamColumns(table, target === "node" ? [SHAPE_COLUMN, ...NODE_KEYS] : EDGE_KEYS, columns);
     }
     out.nodes.set(
         LABEL_COLUMN,
@@ -610,6 +1775,30 @@ export function pajekStyledExport(
     return { snapshot: out, comment: PAJEK_STYLE_COMMENT + block, notes };
 }
 
+/**
+ * Keeps each line's own label `l` where graphty draws none: Pajek draws no line label by default (`drawsLineLabels`),
+ * so a label the file holds is not drawn, and writing it back keeps it for a Draw window that marks lines with labels.
+ * @param snapshot - the graph handed to the exporter
+ * @param columns - the written edge columns, by key, changed in place
+ */
+function keepLineLabels(snapshot: GraphSnapshot, columns: Map<string, (Written | null)[]>): void {
+    if (!snapshot.edges.has("l")) {
+        return;
+    }
+    const own = (e: number): unknown => plainCell(snapshot.edges.value("l", e));
+    let col = columns.get("l");
+    for (let e = 0; e < snapshot.edgeCount; e++) {
+        const v = own(e);
+        if (typeof v === "string" && v !== "" && (col?.[e] ?? null) === null) {
+            col ??= new Array<Written | null>(snapshot.edgeCount).fill(null);
+            col[e] = pajekLabelText(v);
+        }
+    }
+    if (col !== undefined) {
+        columns.set("l", col);
+    }
+}
+
 /**
  * Each vertex's label as graphty draws it; a vertex graphty draws without one gets an empty label, which Pajek draws
  * as nothing (with no label, Pajek writes and draws the vertex's id).
@@ -665,6 +1854,65 @@ function replaceParamColumns(
     }
 }
 
+/**
+ * Keeps Pajek from drawing an element with the parameters of the one before it (`CARRIED`): a line writes Pajek's own
+ * default for each parameter another line writes and it leaves out, and a vertex that writes no parameter while
+ * another does writes its shape, `ellipse`, which starts it again from Pajek's defaults.
+ * @param target - nodes or edges
+ * @param columns - the written columns, by key, changed in place
+ * @param directed - for each line, whether it is an arc
+ */
+function restateCarried(
+    target: StyleTarget,
+    columns: Map<string, (Written | null)[]>,
+    directed: readonly boolean[],
+): void {
+    if (target === "node") {
+        const all = [...columns.values()];
+        if (all.length === 0) {
+            return;
+        }
+        const n = all[0].length;
+        const shape = columns.get(SHAPE_COLUMN) ?? new Array<Written | null>(n).fill(null);
+        for (let i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+            if (all.every((col) => col[i] === null)) {
+                shape[i] = "ellipse";
+            }
+        }
+        columns.set(SHAPE_COLUMN, shape);
+        return;
+    }
+    for (const key of CARRIED.edge) {
+        const col = columns.get(key);
+        if (col === undefined) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        for (let i = 0; i < col.length; i++) {
+            col[i] ??= lineRestated(key, directed[i]);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/**
+ * What a line writes for a carried parameter it leaves at Pajek's default.
+ * @param key - the parameter
+ * @param directed - whether the line is an arc
+ * @returns the value written
+ */
+function lineRestated(key: string, directed: boolean): Written {
+    const defaults = lineDefaults(directed);
+    switch (key) {
+        case "c":
+            return pajekColorText(String(defaults.color));
+        case "w":
+            return directed ? Number(defaults.width) : Number(defaults.width) / EDGE_WIDTH_PER_W;
+        case "p":
+            return "Solid";
+        default:
+            return 0;
+    }
+}
+
 /**
  * Every element's parameters, as columns.
  * @param n - the element count