@gnsx/three 0.185.16 → 0.186.1

package/examples/jsm/misc/Sculptor.js

@@ -0,0 +1,1679 @@
+/*!
+ * Portions adapted from SculptGL by Stéphane Ginier.
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 Stéphane GINIER
+ * Licensed under the MIT License; see ./SculptGL.LICENSE.txt.
+ */
+
+import {
+	Box3,
+	BufferAttribute,
+	BufferGeometry,
+	EventDispatcher,
+	Matrix4,
+	Sphere,
+	Vector3,
+	WebGPUCoordinateSystem
+} from '@gnsx/three';
+
+import {
+	getMemory,
+	intersectionRayTriangle
+} from './SculptorUtils.js';
+
+import { SculptorMesh } from './SculptorMesh.js';
+
+import {
+	subdivisionPass,
+	decimationPass,
+	getFrontVertices,
+	areaNormal,
+	areaCenter,
+	toolBrush,
+	toolFlatten,
+	toolInflate,
+	toolSmooth,
+	toolPinch,
+	toolCrease,
+	toolDrag,
+	toolScale
+} from './SculptorTools.js';
+
+const TOOL_DEFAULTS = {
+	clay: { size: 50, strength: 0.5, negative: false },
+	brush: { size: 50, strength: 0.5, negative: false },
+	inflate: { size: 50, strength: 0.3, negative: false },
+	smooth: { size: 50, strength: 0.75, negative: false },
+	flatten: { size: 50, strength: 0.75, negative: true },
+	pinch: { size: 50, strength: 0.75, negative: false },
+	crease: { size: 25, strength: 0.75, negative: true },
+	drag: { size: 150, strength: 0.5, negative: false },
+	scale: { size: 50, strength: 0.5, negative: false }
+};
+
+const MAX_FLOAT32 = 3.4028234663852886e38;
+const MAX_UPDATE_RANGES = 8;
+const MAX_UPDATE_GAP_COMPONENTS = 96;
+const STAMP_SPACING_RATIO = 0.15;
+const TOPOLOGY_HYSTERESIS2 = 2.05 * 2.05;
+const UNIFORM_SCALE_TOLERANCE = 1e-10;
+const CLAY_OFFSET_RATIO = 0.1;
+
+/**
+ * Fires when a pointer or programmatic stroke begins.
+ *
+ * @event Sculptor#start
+ * @type {Object}
+ */
+const _startEvent = { type: 'start' };
+
+/**
+ * Fires after the sculpt geometry has been updated.
+ *
+ * @event Sculptor#change
+ * @type {Object}
+ */
+const _changeEvent = { type: 'change' };
+
+/**
+ * Fires after the active stroke finishes and exact bounds are up to date.
+ *
+ * @event Sculptor#end
+ * @type {Object}
+ */
+const _endEvent = { type: 'end' };
+const sortAscending = ( a, b ) => a - b;
+const sortByRangeStart = ( a, b ) => a.start - b.start;
+
+const _matInverse = new Matrix4();
+const _v3NearWorld = new Vector3();
+const _v3FarWorld = new Vector3();
+const _v3NearLocal = new Vector3();
+const _v3FarLocal = new Vector3();
+const _v3WorldPoint = new Vector3();
+const _v3WorldRadiusPoint = new Vector3();
+const _v3ScreenPoint = new Vector3();
+const _v3Temp = new Vector3();
+
+const _tmpInter = [ 0, 0, 0 ];
+const _tmpV1 = [ 0, 0, 0 ];
+const _tmpV2 = [ 0, 0, 0 ];
+const _tmpV3 = [ 0, 0, 0 ];
+
+function validateUnitInterval( name, value ) {
+
+	if ( Number.isFinite( value ) === false || value < 0 || value > 1 ) {
+
+		throw new RangeError( `Sculptor: ${ name } must be a finite number between 0 and 1.` );
+
+	}
+
+	return value;
+
+}
+
+function validatePositive( name, value ) {
+
+	if ( Number.isFinite( value ) === false || value <= 0 ) {
+
+		throw new RangeError( `Sculptor: ${ name } must be a finite number greater than 0.` );
+
+	}
+
+	return value;
+
+}
+
+function validateSize( value ) {
+
+	if ( Number.isFinite( value ) === false || value < 5 || value > 500 ) {
+
+		throw new RangeError( 'Sculptor: size must be a finite number between 5 and 500 pixels.' );
+
+	}
+
+	return value;
+
+}
+
+function validateRayTool( tool ) {
+
+	if ( tool === 'drag' || tool === 'scale' ) {
+
+		throw new Error( `Sculptor: The ${ tool } tool requires pointer movement and cannot be used with strokeFromRay().` );
+
+	}
+
+}
+
+function attributeMatches( attribute, source, itemSize ) {
+
+	return attribute !== undefined && attribute !== null &&
+		attribute.itemSize === itemSize &&
+		attribute.array.buffer === source.buffer &&
+		attribute.array.byteOffset === source.byteOffset &&
+		attribute.array.length === source.length;
+
+}
+
+function createVersionedAttribute( source, itemSize, previous ) {
+
+	const attribute = new BufferAttribute( source, itemSize );
+
+	// Static usage keeps uploads version-driven in both renderers.
+	if ( previous !== undefined && previous !== null ) attribute.version = previous.version + 1;
+
+	return attribute;
+
+}
+
+function createReplacementGeometry( source ) {
+
+	const geometry = new BufferGeometry();
+	geometry.name = source.name;
+	geometry.userData = source.userData;
+	geometry.boundingBox = source.boundingBox === null ? null : source.boundingBox.clone();
+	geometry.boundingSphere = source.boundingSphere === null ? null : source.boundingSphere.clone();
+	return geometry;
+
+}
+
+function addVertexUpdateRanges( attribute, vertices ) {
+
+	let start = vertices[ 0 ];
+	let previous = start;
+
+	for ( let i = 1, l = vertices.length; i < l; ++ i ) {
+
+		const current = vertices[ i ];
+
+		if ( current === previous ) continue;
+
+		if ( current !== previous + 1 ) {
+
+			attribute.addUpdateRange( start * 3, ( previous - start + 1 ) * 3 );
+			start = current;
+
+		}
+
+		previous = current;
+
+	}
+
+	attribute.addUpdateRange( start * 3, ( previous - start + 1 ) * 3 );
+
+	const ranges = attribute.updateRanges;
+	ranges.sort( sortByRangeStart );
+	let writeIndex = 0;
+
+	// Merge nearby spans with pending ranges to limit upload calls.
+	for ( let i = 1, l = ranges.length; i < l; i ++ ) {
+
+		const previousRange = ranges[ writeIndex ];
+		const range = ranges[ i ];
+		const previousEnd = previousRange.start + previousRange.count;
+
+		if ( range.start - previousEnd <= MAX_UPDATE_GAP_COMPONENTS ) {
+
+			previousRange.count = Math.max( previousEnd, range.start + range.count ) - previousRange.start;
+
+		} else {
+
+			ranges[ ++ writeIndex ] = range;
+
+		}
+
+	}
+
+	ranges.length = writeIndex + 1;
+
+	if ( ranges.length <= MAX_UPDATE_RANGES ) return;
+
+	// Preserve the largest gaps when limiting the number of upload ranges.
+	const splitIndices = [];
+
+	for ( let i = 1, l = ranges.length; i < l; i ++ ) splitIndices.push( i );
+
+	splitIndices.sort( ( a, b ) => {
+
+		const gapA = ranges[ a ].start - ranges[ a - 1 ].start - ranges[ a - 1 ].count;
+		const gapB = ranges[ b ].start - ranges[ b - 1 ].start - ranges[ b - 1 ].count;
+		return gapB - gapA;
+
+	} );
+	splitIndices.length = MAX_UPDATE_RANGES - 1;
+	splitIndices.sort( sortAscending );
+
+	writeIndex = 0;
+	let splitIndex = 0;
+
+	for ( let i = 1, l = ranges.length; i < l; i ++ ) {
+
+		const range = ranges[ i ];
+
+		if ( i === splitIndices[ splitIndex ] ) {
+
+			ranges[ ++ writeIndex ] = range;
+			splitIndex ++;
+
+		} else {
+
+			const previousRange = ranges[ writeIndex ];
+			previousRange.count = Math.max( previousRange.start + previousRange.count, range.start + range.count ) - previousRange.start;
+
+		}
+
+	}
+
+	ranges.length = writeIndex + 1;
+
+}
+
+function compactDirtyVertices( vertices, vertexCount ) {
+
+	vertices.sort( sortAscending );
+
+	let writeIndex = 0;
+	let previous = - 1;
+
+	for ( let i = 0, l = vertices.length; i < l; i ++ ) {
+
+		const vertex = vertices[ i ];
+
+		// Exclude vertices removed by later stamps in the same pointer event.
+		if ( vertex >= vertexCount ) break;
+		if ( vertex < 0 || vertex === previous ) continue;
+
+		vertices[ writeIndex ++ ] = vertex;
+		previous = vertex;
+
+	}
+
+	vertices.length = writeIndex;
+	return writeIndex > 0;
+
+}
+
+/**
+ * Sculpts triangle meshes with adaptive topology.
+ *
+ * ```js
+ * const sculptor = new Sculptor( mesh, camera )
+ * 	.setTool( 'inflate' )
+ * 	.setSize( 75 )
+ * 	.setStrength( 0.3 );
+ * sculptor.connect( renderer.domElement );
+ * ```
+ *
+ * Replaces `mesh.geometry` with a welded geometry containing positions, normals
+ * and indices. The source geometry is unchanged and is not disposed.
+ *
+ * The mesh must use one material and a non-zero uniform world scale without
+ * shear. Skinned, instanced and batched meshes are not supported.
+ *
+ * Sculptor manages bounds, draw range and spare buffer capacity. Geometry and
+ * attributes may be replaced as capacity changes; do not cache them. Use
+ * {@link Sculptor#getGeometry} for a compact copy for export or geometry processing.
+ *
+ * @three_import import { Sculptor } from 'three/addons/misc/Sculptor.js';
+ */
+class Sculptor extends EventDispatcher {
+
+	/**
+	 * @param {Mesh} mesh - The mesh to sculpt.
+	 * @param {Camera} camera - The camera used for pointer picking.
+	 */
+
+	constructor( mesh, camera ) {
+
+		super();
+
+		if ( mesh === undefined || mesh.isMesh !== true || mesh.geometry === undefined || mesh.geometry.isBufferGeometry !== true ) {
+
+			throw new TypeError( 'Sculptor: mesh must be a Mesh with a BufferGeometry.' );
+
+		}
+
+		if ( mesh.isSkinnedMesh === true || mesh.isInstancedMesh === true || mesh.isBatchedMesh === true ) {
+
+			throw new TypeError( 'Sculptor: SkinnedMesh, InstancedMesh and BatchedMesh are not supported.' );
+
+		}
+
+		if ( Array.isArray( mesh.material ) ) throw new Error( 'Sculptor: Multi-material meshes are not supported.' );
+
+		if ( camera === undefined || camera.isCamera !== true ) throw new TypeError( 'Sculptor: camera must be a Camera.' );
+
+		this._toolSettings = {};
+
+		for ( const tool in TOOL_DEFAULTS ) this._toolSettings[ tool ] = { ...TOOL_DEFAULTS[ tool ] };
+
+		this._tool = 'clay';
+		this._size = TOOL_DEFAULTS.clay.size;
+		this._strength = TOOL_DEFAULTS.clay.strength;
+		this._negative = TOOL_DEFAULTS.clay.negative;
+		this._detail = 0.75;
+
+		/**
+		 * The mesh being sculpted.
+		 *
+		 * @type {Mesh}
+		 * @readonly
+		 */
+		this.mesh = mesh;
+
+		/**
+		 * The camera used for pointer picking.
+		 *
+		 * @type {Camera}
+		 */
+		this.camera = camera;
+
+		/**
+		 * The element receiving pointer events, or `null` while disconnected.
+		 *
+		 * @type {?HTMLElement}
+		 * @default null
+		 */
+		this.domElement = null;
+
+		/**
+		 * Whether pointer input is enabled. Does not affect programmatic strokes.
+		 *
+		 * @type {boolean}
+		 * @default true
+		 */
+		this.enabled = true;
+
+		this._sculptMesh = new SculptorMesh();
+		this._sculptMesh.initFromGeometry( mesh.geometry );
+
+		this._sculpting = false;
+		this._activePointerId = null;
+		this._lastPointerX = 0;
+		this._lastPointerY = 0;
+		this._hitFace = - 1;
+		this._rayOrigin = [ 0, 0, 0 ];
+		this._rayDirection = [ 0, 0, 0 ];
+		this._hitPoint = [ 0, 0, 0 ];
+		this._hitNormal = [ 0, 0, 0 ];
+		this._localRadius2 = 0;
+		this._worldRadius2 = 0;
+		this._dragDirection = [ 0, 0, 0 ];
+		this._cachedRect = null;
+		this._lastTopologyVersion = - 1;
+		this._dirtyVertices = [];
+		this._geometrySynced = false;
+		this._boundsDirty = false;
+
+		this._prepareGeometry();
+		this._syncGeometry();
+		this._computeExactBounds();
+
+		this._onPointerDown = this._onPointerDown.bind( this );
+		this._onPointerMove = this._onPointerMove.bind( this );
+		this._onPointerUp = this._onPointerUp.bind( this );
+
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Connects pointer input to a DOM element.
+	 *
+	 * @param {HTMLElement} element - The element receiving pointer events.
+	 */
+	connect( element ) {
+
+		if ( element === undefined || element === null || typeof element.addEventListener !== 'function' ||
+			typeof element.removeEventListener !== 'function' || typeof element.getBoundingClientRect !== 'function' ) {
+
+			throw new TypeError( 'Sculptor: element must be an EventTarget with getBoundingClientRect().' );
+
+		}
+
+		if ( this.domElement !== null ) this.disconnect();
+
+		this.domElement = element;
+		this._cachedRect = null;
+
+		element.addEventListener( 'pointerdown', this._onPointerDown );
+		element.addEventListener( 'pointermove', this._onPointerMove );
+		element.addEventListener( 'pointerup', this._onPointerUp );
+		element.addEventListener( 'pointercancel', this._onPointerUp );
+		element.addEventListener( 'lostpointercapture', this._onPointerUp );
+
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Disconnects pointer input and finishes the active stroke.
+	 */
+	disconnect() {
+
+		const element = this.domElement;
+		this.endStroke();
+
+		if ( element === null ) return;
+
+		element.removeEventListener( 'pointerdown', this._onPointerDown );
+		element.removeEventListener( 'pointermove', this._onPointerMove );
+		element.removeEventListener( 'pointerup', this._onPointerUp );
+		element.removeEventListener( 'pointercancel', this._onPointerUp );
+		element.removeEventListener( 'lostpointercapture', this._onPointerUp );
+		this.domElement = null;
+		this._cachedRect = null;
+		this._clearHit();
+
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Disconnects the sculptor. The mesh and its geometry are not disposed.
+	 */
+	dispose() {
+
+		this.disconnect();
+
+	}
+
+	_prepareGeometry() {
+
+		const sourceGeometry = this.mesh.geometry;
+		const geometry = new BufferGeometry();
+		geometry.name = sourceGeometry.name;
+		geometry.userData = JSON.parse( JSON.stringify( sourceGeometry.userData ) );
+		this.mesh.geometry = geometry;
+
+	}
+
+	_getRect() {
+
+		if ( this.domElement === null ) {
+
+			throw new Error( 'Sculptor: connect() must be called before using pointer coordinates.' );
+
+		}
+
+		if ( this._cachedRect === null ) this._cachedRect = this.domElement.getBoundingClientRect();
+
+		return this._cachedRect;
+
+	}
+
+	_unproject( clientX, clientY, z, target ) {
+
+		const rect = this._getRect();
+		const x = ( ( clientX - rect.left ) / rect.width ) * 2 - 1;
+		const y = - ( ( clientY - rect.top ) / rect.height ) * 2 + 1;
+
+		return target.set( x, y, z ).unproject( this.camera );
+
+	}
+
+	_project( point, target ) {
+
+		target.copy( point ).project( this.camera );
+
+		const rect = this._getRect();
+		target.x = ( target.x * 0.5 + 0.5 ) * rect.width + rect.left;
+		target.y = ( - target.y * 0.5 + 0.5 ) * rect.height + rect.top;
+
+		return target;
+
+	}
+
+	_updatePointerRay( clientX, clientY ) {
+
+		const camera = this.camera;
+		const nearDepth = camera.reversedDepth ? 1 : camera.coordinateSystem === WebGPUCoordinateSystem ? 0 : - 1;
+		const farDepth = camera.reversedDepth ? 0 : 1;
+		const directionDepth = nearDepth + ( farDepth - nearDepth ) * 0.1;
+
+		this._unproject( clientX, clientY, nearDepth, _v3NearWorld );
+		this._unproject( clientX, clientY, directionDepth, _v3FarWorld );
+		_v3NearLocal.copy( _v3NearWorld ).applyMatrix4( _matInverse );
+		_v3FarLocal.copy( _v3FarWorld ).applyMatrix4( _matInverse );
+
+		const rayOrigin = this._rayOrigin;
+		rayOrigin[ 0 ] = _v3NearLocal.x;
+		rayOrigin[ 1 ] = _v3NearLocal.y;
+		rayOrigin[ 2 ] = _v3NearLocal.z;
+
+		const rayDirection = this._rayDirection;
+		rayDirection[ 0 ] = _v3FarLocal.x - _v3NearLocal.x;
+		rayDirection[ 1 ] = _v3FarLocal.y - _v3NearLocal.y;
+		rayDirection[ 2 ] = _v3FarLocal.z - _v3NearLocal.z;
+
+		const length = Math.hypot( rayDirection[ 0 ], rayDirection[ 1 ], rayDirection[ 2 ] );
+
+		if ( length === 0 || Number.isFinite( length ) === false ) return false;
+
+		rayDirection[ 0 ] /= length;
+		rayDirection[ 1 ] /= length;
+		rayDirection[ 2 ] /= length;
+		return true;
+
+	}
+
+	_updateMeshMatrix() {
+
+		this.mesh.updateWorldMatrix( true, false );
+
+		const elements = this.mesh.matrixWorld.elements;
+		const sx2 = elements[ 0 ] * elements[ 0 ] + elements[ 1 ] * elements[ 1 ] + elements[ 2 ] * elements[ 2 ];
+		const sy2 = elements[ 4 ] * elements[ 4 ] + elements[ 5 ] * elements[ 5 ] + elements[ 6 ] * elements[ 6 ];
+		const sz2 = elements[ 8 ] * elements[ 8 ] + elements[ 9 ] * elements[ 9 ] + elements[ 10 ] * elements[ 10 ];
+		const scaleMax2 = Math.max( sx2, sy2, sz2 );
+		const scaleMin2 = Math.min( sx2, sy2, sz2 );
+		const tolerance = scaleMax2 * UNIFORM_SCALE_TOLERANCE;
+		const dotXY = elements[ 0 ] * elements[ 4 ] + elements[ 1 ] * elements[ 5 ] + elements[ 2 ] * elements[ 6 ];
+		const dotXZ = elements[ 0 ] * elements[ 8 ] + elements[ 1 ] * elements[ 9 ] + elements[ 2 ] * elements[ 10 ];
+		const dotYZ = elements[ 4 ] * elements[ 8 ] + elements[ 5 ] * elements[ 9 ] + elements[ 6 ] * elements[ 10 ];
+
+		if ( Number.isFinite( scaleMin2 ) === false || Number.isFinite( scaleMax2 ) === false ||
+			Number.isFinite( dotXY ) === false || Number.isFinite( dotXZ ) === false || Number.isFinite( dotYZ ) === false ||
+			scaleMin2 <= Number.EPSILON || scaleMax2 - scaleMin2 > tolerance ||
+			Math.abs( dotXY ) > tolerance || Math.abs( dotXZ ) > tolerance || Math.abs( dotYZ ) > tolerance ) {
+
+			throw new Error( 'Sculptor: The mesh must have a non-zero uniform world scale without shear.' );
+
+		}
+
+		_matInverse.copy( this.mesh.matrixWorld ).invert();
+
+		return ( sx2 + sy2 + sz2 ) / 3;
+
+	}
+
+	_updatePickingMatrices() {
+
+		const scale2 = this._updateMeshMatrix();
+		this.camera.updateWorldMatrix( true, false );
+
+		return scale2;
+
+	}
+
+	_clearHit() {
+
+		this._hitFace = - 1;
+		this._localRadius2 = 0;
+		this._worldRadius2 = 0;
+		this._hitPoint[ 0 ] = 0;
+		this._hitPoint[ 1 ] = 0;
+		this._hitPoint[ 2 ] = 0;
+		this._hitNormal[ 0 ] = 0;
+		this._hitNormal[ 1 ] = 0;
+		this._hitNormal[ 2 ] = 0;
+
+	}
+
+	_pickClosestFace( rayOrigin, rayDirection ) {
+
+		const sculptMesh = this._sculptMesh;
+		const candidateFaces = sculptMesh.intersectRay( rayOrigin, rayDirection );
+		const vertices = sculptMesh.getVertices();
+		const faces = sculptMesh.getFaces();
+		let distance = Infinity;
+
+		this._hitFace = - 1;
+
+		for ( let i = 0, l = candidateFaces.length; i < l; ++ i ) {
+
+			const faceIndex = candidateFaces[ i ];
+			const faceOffset = faceIndex * 4;
+			const offset1 = faces[ faceOffset ] * 3;
+			const offset2 = faces[ faceOffset + 1 ] * 3;
+			const offset3 = faces[ faceOffset + 2 ] * 3;
+
+			_tmpV1[ 0 ] = vertices[ offset1 ];
+			_tmpV1[ 1 ] = vertices[ offset1 + 1 ];
+			_tmpV1[ 2 ] = vertices[ offset1 + 2 ];
+			_tmpV2[ 0 ] = vertices[ offset2 ];
+			_tmpV2[ 1 ] = vertices[ offset2 + 1 ];
+			_tmpV2[ 2 ] = vertices[ offset2 + 2 ];
+			_tmpV3[ 0 ] = vertices[ offset3 ];
+			_tmpV3[ 1 ] = vertices[ offset3 + 1 ];
+			_tmpV3[ 2 ] = vertices[ offset3 + 2 ];
+
+			const hitDistance = intersectionRayTriangle( rayOrigin, rayDirection, _tmpV1, _tmpV2, _tmpV3, _tmpInter );
+
+			if ( hitDistance >= 0 && hitDistance < distance ) {
+
+				distance = hitDistance;
+				this._hitPoint[ 0 ] = _tmpInter[ 0 ];
+				this._hitPoint[ 1 ] = _tmpInter[ 1 ];
+				this._hitPoint[ 2 ] = _tmpInter[ 2 ];
+				this._hitFace = faceIndex;
+
+			}
+
+		}
+
+		return this._hitFace !== - 1;
+
+	}
+
+	_intersectionRayMesh( clientX, clientY, scale2 ) {
+
+		const rect = this._getRect();
+
+		if ( Number.isFinite( clientX ) === false || Number.isFinite( clientY ) === false ||
+			Number.isFinite( rect.width ) === false || Number.isFinite( rect.height ) === false || rect.width <= 0 || rect.height <= 0 ) {
+
+			this._clearHit();
+			return false;
+
+		}
+
+		if ( scale2 === undefined ) scale2 = this._updatePickingMatrices();
+
+		if ( this._updatePointerRay( clientX, clientY ) === false ) {
+
+			this._clearHit();
+			return false;
+
+		}
+
+		if ( this._pickClosestFace( this._rayOrigin, this._rayDirection ) === false ) {
+
+			this._clearHit();
+			return false;
+
+		}
+
+		this._updateRadii( scale2 );
+
+		return true;
+
+	}
+
+	_updateRadii( scale2 ) {
+
+		const hitPoint = this._hitPoint;
+		_v3WorldPoint.set( hitPoint[ 0 ], hitPoint[ 1 ], hitPoint[ 2 ] ).applyMatrix4( this.mesh.matrixWorld );
+		this._project( _v3WorldPoint, _v3ScreenPoint );
+		this._unproject( _v3ScreenPoint.x + this._size, _v3ScreenPoint.y, _v3ScreenPoint.z, _v3WorldRadiusPoint );
+
+		this._worldRadius2 = _v3WorldPoint.distanceToSquared( _v3WorldRadiusPoint );
+		this._localRadius2 = this._worldRadius2 / scale2;
+
+	}
+
+	_pickVerticesInSphere( radius2 ) {
+
+		const sculptMesh = this._sculptMesh;
+		const vertices = sculptMesh.getVertices();
+		const sculptFlags = sculptMesh.getVerticesSculptFlags();
+		const hitPoint = this._hitPoint;
+		const facesInCells = sculptMesh.intersectSphere( hitPoint, radius2, true );
+		const verticesInCells = sculptMesh.getVerticesFromFaces( facesInCells );
+		const sculptFlag = sculptMesh.nextSculptFlag();
+		const pickedVertices = new Uint32Array( getMemory( 4 * verticesInCells.length ), 0, verticesInCells.length );
+		let count = 0;
+		const ix = hitPoint[ 0 ];
+		const iy = hitPoint[ 1 ];
+		const iz = hitPoint[ 2 ];
+
+		for ( let i = 0, l = verticesInCells.length; i < l; ++ i ) {
+
+			const vertexIndex = verticesInCells[ i ];
+			const offset = vertexIndex * 3;
+			const dx = ix - vertices[ offset ];
+			const dy = iy - vertices[ offset + 1 ];
+			const dz = iz - vertices[ offset + 2 ];
+
+			if ( dx * dx + dy * dy + dz * dz < radius2 ) {
+
+				sculptFlags[ vertexIndex ] = sculptFlag;
+				pickedVertices[ count ++ ] = vertexIndex;
+
+			}
+
+		}
+
+		return pickedVertices.slice( 0, count );
+
+	}
+
+	_computePickedNormal() {
+
+		if ( this._hitFace < 0 ) return false;
+
+		const sculptMesh = this._sculptMesh;
+		const faces = sculptMesh.getFaces();
+		const vertices = sculptMesh.getVertices();
+		const normals = sculptMesh.getNormals();
+		const faceOffset = this._hitFace * 4;
+		const offset1 = faces[ faceOffset ] * 3;
+		const offset2 = faces[ faceOffset + 1 ] * 3;
+		const offset3 = faces[ faceOffset + 2 ] * 3;
+		const hitPoint = this._hitPoint;
+		const dx1 = hitPoint[ 0 ] - vertices[ offset1 ];
+		const dy1 = hitPoint[ 1 ] - vertices[ offset1 + 1 ];
+		const dz1 = hitPoint[ 2 ] - vertices[ offset1 + 2 ];
+		const dx2 = hitPoint[ 0 ] - vertices[ offset2 ];
+		const dy2 = hitPoint[ 1 ] - vertices[ offset2 + 1 ];
+		const dz2 = hitPoint[ 2 ] - vertices[ offset2 + 2 ];
+		const dx3 = hitPoint[ 0 ] - vertices[ offset3 ];
+		const dy3 = hitPoint[ 1 ] - vertices[ offset3 + 1 ];
+		const dz3 = hitPoint[ 2 ] - vertices[ offset3 + 2 ];
+		const hitNormal = this._hitNormal;
+		const distance1 = Math.hypot( dx1, dy1, dz1 );
+		const distance2 = Math.hypot( dx2, dy2, dz2 );
+		const distance3 = Math.hypot( dx3, dy3, dz3 );
+
+		if ( distance1 === 0 || distance2 === 0 || distance3 === 0 ) {
+
+			const offset = distance1 === 0 ? offset1 : ( distance2 === 0 ? offset2 : offset3 );
+			hitNormal[ 0 ] = normals[ offset ];
+			hitNormal[ 1 ] = normals[ offset + 1 ];
+			hitNormal[ 2 ] = normals[ offset + 2 ];
+
+		} else {
+
+			const weight1 = 1 / distance1;
+			const weight2 = 1 / distance2;
+			const weight3 = 1 / distance3;
+			const inverseSum = 1 / ( weight1 + weight2 + weight3 );
+
+			hitNormal[ 0 ] = ( normals[ offset1 ] * weight1 + normals[ offset2 ] * weight2 + normals[ offset3 ] * weight3 ) * inverseSum;
+			hitNormal[ 1 ] = ( normals[ offset1 + 1 ] * weight1 + normals[ offset2 + 1 ] * weight2 + normals[ offset3 + 1 ] * weight3 ) * inverseSum;
+			hitNormal[ 2 ] = ( normals[ offset1 + 2 ] * weight1 + normals[ offset2 + 2 ] * weight2 + normals[ offset3 + 2 ] * weight3 ) * inverseSum;
+
+		}
+
+		const length = Math.hypot( hitNormal[ 0 ], hitNormal[ 1 ], hitNormal[ 2 ] );
+
+		if ( length > 0 ) {
+
+			hitNormal[ 0 ] /= length;
+			hitNormal[ 1 ] /= length;
+			hitNormal[ 2 ] /= length;
+
+		}
+
+		return true;
+
+	}
+
+	_dynamicTopology( pickedVertices ) {
+
+		const sculptMesh = this._sculptMesh;
+		const detail = this._detail;
+
+		if ( detail === 0 ) return pickedVertices;
+
+		const originalPickedVertices = pickedVertices;
+		const topologyVersion = sculptMesh.getTopologyVersion();
+
+		if ( pickedVertices.length === 0 ) pickedVertices = sculptMesh.getVerticesFromFaces( [ this._hitFace ] );
+
+		let faces = sculptMesh.getFacesFromVertices( pickedVertices );
+		const radius2 = this._localRadius2;
+		const hitPoint = this._hitPoint;
+		// Keep edge targets non-zero at maximum detail.
+		const edgeMax2 = radius2 * ( 1.1 - detail ) * 0.2;
+		// Keep the collapse threshold below half the split length to avoid oscillation.
+		const edgeMin2 = edgeMax2 / TOPOLOGY_HYSTERESIS2;
+
+		faces = subdivisionPass( sculptMesh, faces, hitPoint, radius2, edgeMax2 );
+		faces = decimationPass( sculptMesh, faces, hitPoint, radius2, edgeMin2 );
+
+		// Rebuild topology caches only when connectivity changes.
+		if ( sculptMesh.getTopologyVersion() === topologyVersion ) return originalPickedVertices;
+
+		let affectedVertices = sculptMesh.getVerticesFromFaces( faces );
+
+		// Include faces adjacent to smoothed vertices to update their normals,
+		// bounds and octree cells.
+		faces = sculptMesh.getFacesFromVertices( affectedVertices );
+		affectedVertices = sculptMesh.getVerticesFromFaces( faces );
+		const sculptFlags = sculptMesh.getVerticesSculptFlags();
+		const sculptFlag = sculptMesh.getSculptFlag();
+		const verticesInRadius = new Uint32Array( getMemory( affectedVertices.length * 4 ), 0, affectedVertices.length );
+		let count = 0;
+
+		for ( let i = 0, l = affectedVertices.length; i < l; ++ i ) {
+
+			const vertexIndex = affectedVertices[ i ];
+
+			if ( sculptFlags[ vertexIndex ] === sculptFlag ) verticesInRadius[ count ++ ] = vertexIndex;
+
+		}
+
+		const result = verticesInRadius.slice( 0, count );
+		sculptMesh.updateTopology( faces, affectedVertices );
+		sculptMesh._updateGeometry( faces, affectedVertices );
+		this._markVerticesDirty( affectedVertices );
+
+		return result;
+
+	}
+
+	_intersectionFromRay( ray, worldRadius ) {
+
+		validatePositive( 'worldRadius', worldRadius );
+
+		if ( ray === undefined || ray === null || ray.origin?.isVector3 !== true || ray.direction?.isVector3 !== true ) {
+
+			throw new TypeError( 'Sculptor: ray must have Vector3 origin and direction properties.' );
+
+		}
+
+		const worldOrigin = ray.origin;
+		const worldDirection = ray.direction;
+		const directionLengthSq = worldDirection.lengthSq();
+
+		if ( Number.isFinite( worldOrigin.x ) === false || Number.isFinite( worldOrigin.y ) === false || Number.isFinite( worldOrigin.z ) === false ||
+			Number.isFinite( worldDirection.x ) === false || Number.isFinite( worldDirection.y ) === false || Number.isFinite( worldDirection.z ) === false ||
+			Number.isFinite( directionLengthSq ) === false || directionLengthSq === 0 ) {
+
+			throw new RangeError( 'Sculptor: origin and direction must contain finite values, and direction must be non-zero.' );
+
+		}
+
+		const scale2 = this._updateMeshMatrix();
+		const worldRadius2 = worldRadius * worldRadius;
+		const localRadius = worldRadius / Math.sqrt( scale2 );
+		const localRadius2 = localRadius * localRadius;
+
+		if ( Number.isFinite( worldRadius2 ) === false || Number.isFinite( localRadius2 ) === false ||
+			localRadius2 === 0 || localRadius > MAX_FLOAT32 ) {
+
+			throw new RangeError( 'Sculptor: worldRadius is too large or too small for the mesh scale.' );
+
+		}
+
+		_v3NearLocal.copy( worldOrigin ).applyMatrix4( _matInverse );
+		_v3FarLocal.copy( worldDirection ).transformDirection( _matInverse );
+
+		const rayOrigin = this._rayOrigin;
+		rayOrigin[ 0 ] = _v3NearLocal.x;
+		rayOrigin[ 1 ] = _v3NearLocal.y;
+		rayOrigin[ 2 ] = _v3NearLocal.z;
+
+		const rayDirection = this._rayDirection;
+		rayDirection[ 0 ] = _v3FarLocal.x;
+		rayDirection[ 1 ] = _v3FarLocal.y;
+		rayDirection[ 2 ] = _v3FarLocal.z;
+
+		if ( this._pickClosestFace( rayOrigin, rayDirection ) === false ) {
+
+			this._clearHit();
+			return false;
+
+		}
+
+		this._worldRadius2 = worldRadius2;
+		this._localRadius2 = localRadius2;
+
+		return true;
+
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Applies a ray stamp, starting a stroke on a hit. Call
+	 * {@link Sculptor#endStroke} after the last stamp.
+	 *
+	 * Returns `false` without updating the hit during a pointer stroke.
+	 * Drag and Scale require pointer input.
+	 *
+	 * @param {Ray} ray - The world-space ray, with a non-zero direction.
+	 * @param {number} worldRadius - The brush radius in world units.
+	 * @return {boolean} Whether the ray hit the mesh.
+	 */
+	strokeFromRay( ray, worldRadius ) {
+
+		if ( this._activePointerId !== null ) return false;
+
+		const tool = this._tool;
+		validateRayTool( tool );
+
+		if ( this.pickFromRay( ray, worldRadius ) === false ) return false;
+		this.beginStroke();
+		if ( this._sculpting === false ) return false;
+		if ( this._tool !== tool ) validateRayTool( this._tool );
+		this._applyStroke();
+		this._syncGeometry();
+
+		return true;
+
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Begins a stroke and fires `start`. Does nothing while a stroke is active.
+	 * Called automatically by pointer input or the first successful ray stamp.
+	 *
+	 * @return {Sculptor} A reference to this sculptor.
+	 */
+	beginStroke() {
+
+		if ( this._sculpting ) return this;
+
+		this._sculpting = true;
+		this.dispatchEvent( _startEvent );
+		return this;
+
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Releases pointer capture, balances the octree and updates exact bounds,
+	 * then fires `end`. Does nothing while idle. Called automatically when a
+	 * pointer stroke ends or is cancelled.
+	 *
+	 * @return {Sculptor} A reference to this sculptor.
+	 */
+	endStroke() {
+
+		if ( this._sculpting === false ) return this;
+
+		const pointerId = this._activePointerId;
+		this._activePointerId = null;
+		this._sculpting = false;
+
+		if ( pointerId !== null && this.domElement !== null && typeof this.domElement.releasePointerCapture === 'function' ) {
+
+			try {
+
+				this.domElement.releasePointerCapture( pointerId );
+
+			} catch {
+
+				// Synthetic events and detached elements may not support capture.
+
+			}
+
+		}
+
+		this._sculptMesh.balanceOctree();
+		if ( this._boundsDirty ) this._computeExactBounds();
+		this.dispatchEvent( _endEvent );
+		return this;
+
+	}
+
+	_applyStroke( scaleDelta = 0 ) {
+
+		const tool = this._tool;
+		const strength = this._strength;
+		const deforms = strength !== 0 || tool === 'drag' || tool === 'scale';
+		const remeshes = tool !== 'smooth' && this._detail !== 0;
+
+		if ( deforms === false && remeshes === false ) return;
+
+		const radius2 = this._localRadius2;
+		let pickedVertices = this._pickVerticesInSphere( radius2 );
+		const sculptMesh = this._sculptMesh;
+
+		if ( remeshes ) pickedVertices = this._dynamicTopology( pickedVertices );
+		if ( deforms === false || pickedVertices.length === 0 ) return;
+
+		const hitPoint = this._hitPoint;
+		const negative = this._negative;
+
+		switch ( tool ) {
+
+			case 'clay':
+			case 'flatten': {
+
+				const frontVertices = getFrontVertices( sculptMesh, pickedVertices, this._rayDirection );
+				const planeNormal = areaNormal( sculptMesh, frontVertices );
+
+				if ( planeNormal === null ) return;
+
+				const planePoint = areaCenter( sculptMesh, frontVertices );
+
+				if ( tool === 'clay' ) {
+
+					const offset = Math.sqrt( radius2 ) * CLAY_OFFSET_RATIO * ( negative ? - 1 : 1 );
+					planePoint[ 0 ] += planeNormal[ 0 ] * offset;
+					planePoint[ 1 ] += planeNormal[ 1 ] * offset;
+					planePoint[ 2 ] += planeNormal[ 2 ] * offset;
+
+				}
+
+				toolFlatten( sculptMesh, pickedVertices, planeNormal, planePoint, hitPoint, radius2, strength, negative );
+				break;
+
+			}
+
+			case 'brush':
+				toolBrush( sculptMesh, pickedVertices, this._hitNormal, hitPoint, radius2, strength, negative );
+				break;
+
+			case 'inflate':
+				toolInflate( sculptMesh, pickedVertices, hitPoint, radius2, strength, negative );
+				break;
+
+			case 'smooth':
+				toolSmooth( sculptMesh, pickedVertices, strength );
+				break;
+
+			case 'pinch':
+				toolPinch( sculptMesh, pickedVertices, hitPoint, radius2, strength, negative );
+				break;
+
+			case 'crease':
+				toolCrease( sculptMesh, pickedVertices, this._hitNormal, hitPoint, radius2, strength, negative );
+				break;
+
+			case 'drag':
+				toolDrag( sculptMesh, pickedVertices, hitPoint, radius2, this._dragDirection );
+				break;
+
+			case 'scale':
+				toolScale( sculptMesh, pickedVertices, hitPoint, radius2, scaleDelta );
+				break;
+
+		}
+
+		const faces = sculptMesh.getFacesFromVertices( pickedVertices );
+		const affectedVertices = sculptMesh.getVerticesFromFaces( faces );
+		sculptMesh._updateGeometry( faces, affectedVertices );
+		this._markVerticesDirty( affectedVertices );
+
+	}
+
+	_makeStroke( clientX, clientY, scale2 ) {
+
+		if ( this._intersectionRayMesh( clientX, clientY, scale2 ) === false ) return false;
+
+		this._computePickedNormal();
+		this._applyStroke();
+
+		return true;
+
+	}
+
+	_sculptStroke( clientX, clientY ) {
+
+		const dx = clientX - this._lastPointerX;
+		const dy = clientY - this._lastPointerY;
+		const distance = Math.hypot( dx, dy );
+		const minSpacing = STAMP_SPACING_RATIO * this._size;
+
+		if ( distance <= minSpacing ) return false;
+
+		const count = Math.floor( distance / minSpacing );
+		const stepX = dx / count;
+		const stepY = dy / count;
+		let x = this._lastPointerX + stepX;
+		let y = this._lastPointerY + stepY;
+		let stamped = false;
+		let pointerSampled = false;
+		const scale2 = this._updatePickingMatrices();
+
+		for ( let i = 0; i < count; ++ i ) {
+
+			pointerSampled = i === count - 1;
+			if ( this._makeStroke( x, y, scale2 ) === false ) break;
+
+			stamped = true;
+			x += stepX;
+			y += stepY;
+
+		}
+
+		this._lastPointerX = clientX;
+		this._lastPointerY = clientY;
+
+		if ( stamped ) this._syncGeometry();
+
+		return pointerSampled;
+
+	}
+
+	_updateDragDirection( clientX, clientY, scale2 ) {
+
+		if ( this._updatePointerRay( clientX, clientY ) === false ) return false;
+
+		const hitPoint = this._hitPoint;
+		const rayOrigin = this._rayOrigin;
+		const rayDirection = this._rayDirection;
+		const abx = rayDirection[ 0 ];
+		const aby = rayDirection[ 1 ];
+		const abz = rayDirection[ 2 ];
+		const px = hitPoint[ 0 ] - rayOrigin[ 0 ];
+		const py = hitPoint[ 1 ] - rayOrigin[ 1 ];
+		const pz = hitPoint[ 2 ] - rayOrigin[ 2 ];
+		const denominator = abx * abx + aby * aby + abz * abz;
+		const projection = denominator > 0 ? ( abx * px + aby * py + abz * pz ) / denominator : 0;
+		const x = rayOrigin[ 0 ] + abx * projection;
+		const y = rayOrigin[ 1 ] + aby * projection;
+		const z = rayOrigin[ 2 ] + abz * projection;
+
+		this._dragDirection[ 0 ] = x - hitPoint[ 0 ];
+		this._dragDirection[ 1 ] = y - hitPoint[ 1 ];
+		this._dragDirection[ 2 ] = z - hitPoint[ 2 ];
+		hitPoint[ 0 ] = x;
+		hitPoint[ 1 ] = y;
+		hitPoint[ 2 ] = z;
+
+		this._updateRadii( scale2 );
+		return true;
+
+	}
+
+	_sculptStrokeDrag( clientX, clientY ) {
+
+		const dx = clientX - this._lastPointerX;
+		const dy = clientY - this._lastPointerY;
+		const distance = Math.hypot( dx, dy );
+
+		if ( distance === 0 ) return false;
+
+		const minSpacing = STAMP_SPACING_RATIO * this._size;
+		const count = Math.max( 1, Math.floor( distance / minSpacing ) );
+		const stepX = dx / count;
+		const stepY = dy / count;
+		let x = this._lastPointerX + stepX;
+		let y = this._lastPointerY + stepY;
+		let stamped = false;
+		const scale2 = this._updatePickingMatrices();
+
+		for ( let i = 0; i < count; ++ i ) {
+
+			if ( this._updateDragDirection( x, y, scale2 ) === false ) break;
+			this._computePickedNormal();
+			this._applyStroke();
+			stamped = true;
+			x += stepX;
+			y += stepY;
+
+		}
+
+		this._lastPointerX = clientX;
+		this._lastPointerY = clientY;
+
+		if ( stamped ) this._syncGeometry();
+
+		return stamped;
+
+	}
+
+	_sculptStrokeScale( clientX, clientY ) {
+
+		const scaleDelta = clientX - this._lastPointerX;
+		this._lastPointerX = clientX;
+		this._lastPointerY = clientY;
+
+		if ( scaleDelta === 0 ) return false;
+
+		this._applyStroke( scaleDelta );
+		this._syncGeometry();
+
+		return true;
+
+	}
+
+	_markVerticesDirty( vertices ) {
+
+		if ( vertices.length === 0 ) return;
+
+		this._boundsDirty = true;
+		const positions = this._sculptMesh.getVertices();
+		const geometry = this.mesh.geometry;
+		const box = geometry.boundingBox;
+		const sphere = geometry.boundingSphere;
+		let radius2 = sphere === null ? 0 : sphere.radius * sphere.radius;
+
+		for ( let i = 0, l = vertices.length; i < l; ++ i ) {
+
+			const vertexIndex = vertices[ i ];
+			const offset = vertexIndex * 3;
+
+			this._dirtyVertices.push( vertexIndex );
+
+			_v3Temp.fromArray( positions, offset );
+
+			if ( box !== null ) box.expandByPoint( _v3Temp );
+			if ( sphere !== null ) radius2 = Math.max( radius2, sphere.center.distanceToSquared( _v3Temp ) );
+
+		}
+
+		if ( sphere !== null ) sphere.radius = Math.sqrt( radius2 );
+
+	}
+
+	_syncGeometry() {
+
+		const sculptMesh = this._sculptMesh;
+		let geometry = this.mesh.geometry;
+		const vertexCount = sculptMesh.getNbVertices();
+		const indexLength = sculptMesh.getNbTriangles() * 3;
+		const positions = sculptMesh.getVertices();
+		const normals = sculptMesh.getRenderNormals();
+		const indices = sculptMesh.getTriangles();
+		let positionAttribute = geometry.getAttribute( 'position' );
+		let normalAttribute = geometry.getAttribute( 'normal' );
+		let indexAttribute = geometry.getIndex();
+		const replacePosition = attributeMatches( positionAttribute, positions, 3 ) === false;
+		const replaceNormal = attributeMatches( normalAttribute, normals, 3 ) === false;
+		const replaceIndex = attributeMatches( indexAttribute, indices, 1 ) === false;
+		const replaceGeometry = this._geometrySynced && ( replacePosition || replaceNormal || replaceIndex );
+		let previousGeometry = null;
+		const dirtyVertices = this._dirtyVertices;
+		let hasDirtyVertices = dirtyVertices.length > 0;
+
+		if ( hasDirtyVertices && replaceGeometry === false ) {
+
+			hasDirtyVertices = compactDirtyVertices( dirtyVertices, vertexCount );
+
+		}
+
+		// Uploaded buffers cannot resize. Replace the geometry to release its GPU
+		// resources without invalidating the new attributes.
+		if ( replaceGeometry ) {
+
+			previousGeometry = geometry;
+			geometry = createReplacementGeometry( previousGeometry );
+
+		}
+
+		if ( replaceGeometry || replacePosition ) {
+
+			positionAttribute = createVersionedAttribute( positions, 3, positionAttribute );
+			geometry.setAttribute( 'position', positionAttribute );
+
+		} else if ( hasDirtyVertices ) {
+
+			addVertexUpdateRanges( positionAttribute, dirtyVertices );
+			positionAttribute.needsUpdate = true;
+
+		}
+
+		if ( replaceGeometry || replaceNormal ) {
+
+			normalAttribute = createVersionedAttribute( normals, 3, normalAttribute );
+			geometry.setAttribute( 'normal', normalAttribute );
+
+		} else if ( hasDirtyVertices ) {
+
+			addVertexUpdateRanges( normalAttribute, dirtyVertices );
+			normalAttribute.needsUpdate = true;
+
+		}
+
+		const topologyVersion = sculptMesh.getTopologyVersion();
+		const changed = this._geometrySynced && ( replaceGeometry || hasDirtyVertices || topologyVersion !== this._lastTopologyVersion );
+
+		if ( replaceGeometry || replaceIndex ) {
+
+			indexAttribute = createVersionedAttribute( indices, 1, indexAttribute );
+			geometry.setIndex( indexAttribute );
+
+		} else if ( topologyVersion !== this._lastTopologyVersion ) {
+
+			indexAttribute.clearUpdateRanges();
+			indexAttribute.addUpdateRange( 0, indexLength );
+			indexAttribute.needsUpdate = true;
+
+		}
+
+		geometry.setDrawRange( 0, indexLength );
+
+		if ( previousGeometry !== null ) {
+
+			this.mesh.geometry = geometry;
+			previousGeometry.dispose();
+
+		}
+
+		this._lastTopologyVersion = topologyVersion;
+		this._dirtyVertices.length = 0;
+		this._geometrySynced = true;
+
+		if ( changed ) this.dispatchEvent( _changeEvent );
+
+	}
+
+	_computeExactBounds() {
+
+		const geometry = this.mesh.geometry;
+		const positions = this._sculptMesh.getVertices();
+		const length = this._sculptMesh.getNbVertices() * 3;
+
+		if ( geometry.boundingBox === null ) geometry.boundingBox = new Box3();
+		if ( geometry.boundingSphere === null ) geometry.boundingSphere = new Sphere();
+
+		const box = geometry.boundingBox;
+		const sphere = geometry.boundingSphere;
+		box.makeEmpty();
+
+		// Spare capacity may contain deleted vertices; only bound the active prefix.
+		for ( let i = 0; i < length; i += 3 ) box.expandByPoint( _v3Temp.fromArray( positions, i ) );
+
+		box.getCenter( sphere.center );
+		let radius2 = 0;
+
+		for ( let i = 0; i < length; i += 3 ) {
+
+			radius2 = Math.max( radius2, sphere.center.distanceToSquared( _v3Temp.fromArray( positions, i ) ) );
+
+		}
+
+		sphere.radius = Math.sqrt( radius2 );
+		this._boundsDirty = false;
+
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns an independent copy of the active vertices and triangles, without
+	 * spare capacity. Suitable for export or geometry processing. The caller owns it.
+	 *
+	 * @return {BufferGeometry} A new geometry containing the active vertices and triangles.
+	 */
+	getGeometry() {
+
+		const sculptMesh = this._sculptMesh;
+		const vertexLength = sculptMesh.getNbVertices() * 3;
+		const geometry = new BufferGeometry();
+		geometry.name = this.mesh.geometry.name;
+		geometry.setAttribute( 'position', new BufferAttribute( sculptMesh.getVertices().slice( 0, vertexLength ), 3 ) );
+		geometry.setAttribute( 'normal', new BufferAttribute( sculptMesh.getRenderNormals().slice( 0, vertexLength ), 3 ) );
+		geometry.setIndex( new BufferAttribute( sculptMesh.getTriangles().slice( 0, sculptMesh.getNbTriangles() * 3 ), 1 ) );
+		return geometry;
+
+	}
+
+	_onPointerDown( event ) {
+
+		if ( this.enabled === false || event.button !== 0 || event.isPrimary === false || this._sculpting ) return;
+
+		this._cachedRect = null;
+
+		if ( this._intersectionRayMesh( event.clientX, event.clientY ) === false ) return;
+
+		this._computePickedNormal();
+		this._activePointerId = event.pointerId;
+		this._lastPointerX = event.clientX;
+		this._lastPointerY = event.clientY;
+
+		if ( typeof this.domElement.setPointerCapture === 'function' ) {
+
+			try {
+
+				this.domElement.setPointerCapture( event.pointerId );
+
+			} catch {
+
+				// Synthetic events and detached elements may not support capture.
+
+			}
+
+		}
+
+		this.beginStroke();
+
+	}
+
+	_onPointerMove( event ) {
+
+		if ( this.enabled === false || this._sculpting === false || event.pointerId !== this._activePointerId ) return;
+
+		this._cachedRect = null;
+		const tool = this._tool;
+
+		if ( tool === 'drag' ) {
+
+			this._sculptStrokeDrag( event.clientX, event.clientY );
+
+		} else if ( tool === 'scale' ) {
+
+			this._sculptStrokeScale( event.clientX, event.clientY );
+
+		} else {
+
+			const pointerSampled = this._sculptStroke( event.clientX, event.clientY );
+
+			// Update the cursor between stamps.
+			if ( pointerSampled !== true && this._intersectionRayMesh( event.clientX, event.clientY ) ) this._computePickedNormal();
+
+		}
+
+	}
+
+	_onPointerUp( event ) {
+
+		if ( event.pointerId === this._activePointerId ) this.endStroke();
+
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns the active sculpting tool.
+	 *
+	 * @return {('clay'|'brush'|'inflate'|'smooth'|'flatten'|'pinch'|'crease'|'drag'|'scale')} The tool name.
+	 */
+	getTool() {
+
+		return this._tool;
+
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Selects a tool and restores its size, strength and negative setting.
+	 *
+	 * @param {('clay'|'brush'|'inflate'|'smooth'|'flatten'|'pinch'|'crease'|'drag'|'scale')} value - The tool name.
+	 * @return {Sculptor} A reference to this sculptor.
+	 */
+	setTool( value ) {
+
+		if ( Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call( TOOL_DEFAULTS, value ) === false ) {
+
+			throw new RangeError( `Sculptor: Unknown tool "${ value }".` );
+
+		}
+
+		if ( value === this._tool ) return this;
+
+		const settings = this._toolSettings[ value ];
+		this._tool = value;
+		this._size = settings.size;
+		this._strength = settings.strength;
+		this._negative = settings.negative;
+
+		return this;
+
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns the pointer brush radius in CSS pixels.
+	 *
+	 * @return {number} The brush radius.
+	 */
+	getSize() {
+
+		return this._size;
+
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Sets the pointer brush radius in CSS pixels.
+	 *
+	 * @param {number} value - A value between 5 and 500.
+	 * @return {Sculptor} A reference to this sculptor.
+	 */
+	setSize( value ) {
+
+		const size = validateSize( value );
+		this._size = size;
+		this._toolSettings[ this._tool ].size = size;
+		return this;
+
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns the strength of the active tool.
+	 *
+	 * @return {number} The tool strength.
+	 */
+	getStrength() {
+
+		return this._strength;
+
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Sets the strength of the active tool.
+	 * A value of `0` disables deformation, but not adaptive remeshing.
+	 * Drag and Scale use pointer movement instead of this setting.
+	 *
+	 * @param {number} value - A value between 0 and 1.
+	 * @return {Sculptor} A reference to this sculptor.
+	 */
+	setStrength( value ) {
+
+		const strength = validateUnitInterval( 'strength', value );
+		this._strength = strength;
+		this._toolSettings[ this._tool ].strength = strength;
+		return this;
+
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns whether the active tool applies its inverse effect.
+	 *
+	 * @return {boolean} Whether the tool direction is inverted.
+	 */
+	getNegative() {
+
+		return this._negative;
+
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Sets whether the active tool applies its inverse effect.
+	 *
+	 * @param {boolean} value - Whether the tool direction is inverted.
+	 * @return {Sculptor} A reference to this sculptor.
+	 */
+	setNegative( value ) {
+
+		if ( typeof value !== 'boolean' ) throw new TypeError( 'Sculptor: negative must be a boolean.' );
+
+		this._negative = value;
+		this._toolSettings[ this._tool ].negative = value;
+		return this;
+
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns the adaptive-topology detail. `0` freezes topology.
+	 *
+	 * @return {number} The detail level.
+	 */
+	getDetail() {
+
+		return this._detail;
+
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Sets the adaptive-topology detail. Higher values produce shorter edges
+	 * relative to the brush radius; `0` freezes topology. Remeshing splits long
+	 * edges and collapses short ones, and can alter the surface even at zero strength.
+	 *
+	 * @param {number} value - A value between 0 and 1.
+	 * @return {Sculptor} A reference to this sculptor.
+	 */
+	setDetail( value ) {
+
+		this._detail = validateUnitInterval( 'detail', value );
+		return this;
+
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns whether a pointer or programmatic stroke is active.
+	 *
+	 * @return {boolean} Whether a stroke is active.
+	 */
+	isSculpting() {
+
+		return this._sculpting;
+
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns whether the latest pick or stroke ray hit the mesh.
+	 *
+	 * @return {boolean} Whether the latest ray hit the mesh.
+	 */
+	hasHit() {
+
+		return this._hitFace >= 0;
+
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Copies the current local-space hit position into the target vector.
+	 * Returns a zero vector when there is no hit.
+	 *
+	 * @param {Vector3} target - The vector to receive the hit position.
+	 * @return {Vector3} The target vector.
+	 */
+	getHitPoint( target ) {
+
+		return target.fromArray( this._hitPoint );
+
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Copies the current local-space unit surface normal into the target vector.
+	 * Returns a zero vector when there is no hit.
+	 *
+	 * @param {Vector3} target - The vector to receive the surface normal.
+	 * @return {Vector3} The target vector.
+	 */
+	getHitNormal( target ) {
+
+		return target.fromArray( this._hitNormal );
+
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns the brush radius in world units, or `0` without a hit.
+	 *
+	 * @return {number} The brush radius in world units.
+	 */
+	getWorldRadius() {
+
+		return Math.sqrt( this._worldRadius2 );
+
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Updates the current hit from a world-space ray without sculpting.
+	 *
+	 * @param {Ray} ray - The world-space ray, with a non-zero direction.
+	 * @param {number} worldRadius - The brush radius in world units.
+	 * @return {boolean} Whether the ray hit the mesh.
+	 */
+	pickFromRay( ray, worldRadius ) {
+
+		if ( this._intersectionFromRay( ray, worldRadius ) === false ) return false;
+
+		this._computePickedNormal();
+		return true;
+
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Updates the current hit from client coordinates without sculpting.
+	 *
+	 * @param {number} clientX - Horizontal client coordinate in CSS pixels.
+	 * @param {number} clientY - Vertical client coordinate in CSS pixels.
+	 * @return {boolean} Whether the pointer ray hit the mesh.
+	 */
+	pickFromPointer( clientX, clientY ) {
+
+		this._cachedRect = null;
+
+		if ( this._intersectionRayMesh( clientX, clientY ) === false ) return false;
+
+		this._computePickedNormal();
+
+		return true;
+
+	}
+
+}
+
+export { Sculptor };