@gnsx/three 0.185.15 → 0.186.0

package/examples/jsm/misc/SculptorMesh.js

@@ -0,0 +1,1504 @@
+/*!
+ * Portions adapted from SculptGL by Stéphane Ginier.
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 Stéphane GINIER
+ * Licensed under the MIT License; see ./SculptGL.LICENSE.txt.
+ */
+
+import {
+	TRI_INDEX,
+	MAX_FLAG,
+	getMemory
+} from './SculptorUtils.js';
+
+const OCTREE_MAX_DEPTH = 8;
+const OCTREE_MAX_FACES = 100;
+// A depth-first walk retains at most seven siblings for each level.
+const OCTREE_STACK = new Array( 1 + 7 * OCTREE_MAX_DEPTH ).fill( null );
+const RELATIVE_WELD_TOLERANCE = 1e-7;
+
+function queueLeaf( leaves, leaf ) {
+
+	if ( leaves === undefined || leaf._queuedForUpdate ) return;
+	leaf._queuedForUpdate = true;
+	leaves.push( leaf );
+
+}
+
+function hashPosition( x, y, z ) {
+
+	let hash = Math.imul( x, 0x85ebca6b );
+	hash = Math.imul( hash ^ ( hash >>> 13 ) ^ y, 0xc2b2ae35 );
+	hash = Math.imul( hash ^ ( hash >>> 16 ) ^ z, 0x27d4eb2d );
+	return ( hash ^ ( hash >>> 15 ) ) >>> 0;
+
+}
+
+function resetTagFlags( flags, activeCount ) {
+
+	for ( let i = 0; i < activeCount; i ++ ) {
+
+		if ( flags[ i ] >= 0 ) flags[ i ] = 0;
+
+	}
+
+	flags.fill( 0, activeCount );
+
+}
+
+function readSourceElements( index, sourceVertexCount ) {
+
+	const elementCount = index ? index.count : sourceVertexCount;
+
+	if ( index && ( index.itemSize !== 1 || index.normalized ) ) {
+
+		throw new Error( 'SculptorMesh: The index must be a non-normalized scalar attribute.' );
+
+	}
+
+	if ( index && typeof index.getX !== 'function' ) {
+
+		throw new Error( 'SculptorMesh: The index attribute must be CPU-accessible.' );
+
+	}
+
+	if ( elementCount === 0 || elementCount % 3 !== 0 ) {
+
+		throw new Error( 'SculptorMesh: The geometry must contain triangles with a complete, non-empty element list.' );
+
+	}
+
+	if ( index === null ) {
+
+		return { elementCount, sourceIndices: null, referencedVertices: null };
+
+	}
+
+	const sourceIndices = new Uint32Array( elementCount );
+	const referencedVertices = new Uint8Array( sourceVertexCount );
+
+	for ( let i = 0; i < elementCount; i ++ ) {
+
+		const sourceIndex = index.getX( i );
+
+		if ( Number.isInteger( sourceIndex ) === false || sourceIndex < 0 || sourceIndex >= sourceVertexCount ) {
+
+			throw new Error( 'SculptorMesh: Triangle indices must reference valid positions.' );
+
+		}
+
+		sourceIndices[ i ] = sourceIndex;
+		referencedVertices[ sourceIndex ] = 1;
+
+	}
+
+	return { elementCount, sourceIndices, referencedVertices };
+
+}
+
+function readSourcePositions( position, referencedVertices ) {
+
+	const sourceVertexCount = position.count;
+	const positions = new Float32Array( sourceVertexCount * 3 );
+	let minX = Infinity, minY = Infinity, minZ = Infinity;
+	let maxX = - Infinity, maxY = - Infinity, maxZ = - Infinity;
+
+	for ( let i = 0; i < sourceVertexCount; i ++ ) {
+
+		if ( referencedVertices !== null && referencedVertices[ i ] === 0 ) continue;
+
+		const sourceX = position.getX( i );
+		const sourceY = position.getY( i );
+		const sourceZ = position.getZ( i );
+
+		if ( Number.isFinite( sourceX ) === false || Number.isFinite( sourceY ) === false || Number.isFinite( sourceZ ) === false ) {
+
+			throw new Error( 'SculptorMesh: Position values must be finite.' );
+
+		}
+
+		const x = Math.fround( sourceX );
+		const y = Math.fround( sourceY );
+		const z = Math.fround( sourceZ );
+
+		if ( Number.isFinite( x ) === false || Number.isFinite( y ) === false || Number.isFinite( z ) === false ) {
+
+			throw new Error( 'SculptorMesh: Position values must fit in Float32 storage.' );
+
+		}
+
+		const offset = i * 3;
+		positions[ offset ] = x;
+		positions[ offset + 1 ] = y;
+		positions[ offset + 2 ] = z;
+
+		if ( x < minX ) minX = x;
+		if ( y < minY ) minY = y;
+		if ( z < minZ ) minZ = z;
+		if ( x > maxX ) maxX = x;
+		if ( y > maxY ) maxY = y;
+		if ( z > maxZ ) maxZ = z;
+
+	}
+
+	return { positions, bounds: [ minX, minY, minZ, maxX, maxY, maxZ ] };
+
+}
+
+function weldPositions( sourcePositions, referencedVertices, bounds ) {
+
+	const sourceVertexCount = sourcePositions.length / 3;
+	const extent = Math.max( bounds[ 3 ] - bounds[ 0 ], bounds[ 4 ] - bounds[ 1 ], bounds[ 5 ] - bounds[ 2 ] );
+	const tolerance = extent * RELATIVE_WELD_TOLERANCE;
+	const toleranceSquared = tolerance * tolerance;
+
+	// Cells twice the weld radius only need the current and nearest neighboring
+	// cell in each dimension. Exact distances resolve spatial-hash collisions.
+	const inverseCellSize = tolerance > 0 ? 0.5 / tolerance : 0;
+	const cellHeads = new Map();
+	const nextHashEntry = [];
+	const mergedPositions = [];
+	const vertexMap = new Uint32Array( sourceVertexCount );
+	const searchCellCount = inverseCellSize > 0 ? 2 : 1;
+
+	for ( let i = 0; i < sourceVertexCount; i ++ ) {
+
+		if ( referencedVertices !== null && referencedVertices[ i ] === 0 ) continue;
+
+		const offset = i * 3;
+		const x = sourcePositions[ offset ];
+		const y = sourcePositions[ offset + 1 ];
+		const z = sourcePositions[ offset + 2 ];
+		const gridX = ( x - bounds[ 0 ] ) * inverseCellSize;
+		const gridY = ( y - bounds[ 1 ] ) * inverseCellSize;
+		const gridZ = ( z - bounds[ 2 ] ) * inverseCellSize;
+		const cellX = Math.floor( gridX );
+		const cellY = Math.floor( gridY );
+		const cellZ = Math.floor( gridZ );
+		const neighborX = cellX + ( gridX - cellX < 0.5 ? - 1 : 1 );
+		const neighborY = cellY + ( gridY - cellY < 0.5 ? - 1 : 1 );
+		const neighborZ = cellZ + ( gridZ - cellZ < 0.5 ? - 1 : 1 );
+		let mergedIndex;
+		let closestDistanceSquared = Infinity;
+
+		searchCells: for ( let iz = 0; iz < searchCellCount; iz ++ ) {
+
+			const searchZ = iz === 0 ? cellZ : neighborZ;
+
+			for ( let iy = 0; iy < searchCellCount; iy ++ ) {
+
+				const searchY = iy === 0 ? cellY : neighborY;
+
+				for ( let ix = 0; ix < searchCellCount; ix ++ ) {
+
+					const searchX = ix === 0 ? cellX : neighborX;
+					let candidate = cellHeads.get( hashPosition( searchX, searchY, searchZ ) );
+
+					while ( candidate !== undefined ) {
+
+						const candidateOffset = candidate * 3;
+						const dx = mergedPositions[ candidateOffset ] - x;
+						const dy = mergedPositions[ candidateOffset + 1 ] - y;
+						const dz = mergedPositions[ candidateOffset + 2 ] - z;
+						const distanceSquared = dx * dx + dy * dy + dz * dz;
+
+						if ( distanceSquared === 0 ) {
+
+							mergedIndex = candidate;
+							break searchCells;
+
+						}
+
+						if ( distanceSquared <= toleranceSquared && distanceSquared < closestDistanceSquared ) {
+
+							mergedIndex = candidate;
+							closestDistanceSquared = distanceSquared;
+
+						}
+
+						candidate = nextHashEntry[ candidate ];
+
+					}
+
+				}
+
+			}
+
+		}
+
+		if ( mergedIndex === undefined ) {
+
+			mergedIndex = mergedPositions.length / 3;
+			const hash = hashPosition( cellX, cellY, cellZ );
+			nextHashEntry[ mergedIndex ] = cellHeads.get( hash );
+			cellHeads.set( hash, mergedIndex );
+			mergedPositions.push( x, y, z );
+
+		}
+
+		vertexMap[ i ] = mergedIndex;
+
+	}
+
+	return { positions: mergedPositions, vertexMap };
+
+}
+
+function buildTriangleBuffers( elementCount, sourceIndices, vertexMap, positions ) {
+
+	const triangleCount = elementCount / 3;
+	const faces = new Uint32Array( triangleCount * 4 );
+	const triangles = new Uint32Array( elementCount );
+
+	for ( let i = 0; i < triangleCount; i ++ ) {
+
+		const triangleOffset = i * 3;
+		let a, b, c;
+
+		if ( sourceIndices === null ) {
+
+			a = vertexMap[ triangleOffset ];
+			b = vertexMap[ triangleOffset + 1 ];
+			c = vertexMap[ triangleOffset + 2 ];
+
+		} else {
+
+			a = vertexMap[ sourceIndices[ triangleOffset ] ];
+			b = vertexMap[ sourceIndices[ triangleOffset + 1 ] ];
+			c = vertexMap[ sourceIndices[ triangleOffset + 2 ] ];
+
+		}
+
+		if ( a === b || b === c || c === a ) {
+
+			throw new Error( 'SculptorMesh: Welding produced a degenerate triangle.' );
+
+		}
+
+		const a3 = a * 3;
+		const b3 = b * 3;
+		const c3 = c * 3;
+		const abx = positions[ b3 ] - positions[ a3 ];
+		const aby = positions[ b3 + 1 ] - positions[ a3 + 1 ];
+		const abz = positions[ b3 + 2 ] - positions[ a3 + 2 ];
+		const acx = positions[ c3 ] - positions[ a3 ];
+		const acy = positions[ c3 + 1 ] - positions[ a3 + 1 ];
+		const acz = positions[ c3 + 2 ] - positions[ a3 + 2 ];
+		const normalX = Math.fround( aby * acz - abz * acy );
+		const normalY = Math.fround( abz * acx - abx * acz );
+		const normalZ = Math.fround( abx * acy - aby * acx );
+
+		if ( Number.isFinite( normalX ) === false || Number.isFinite( normalY ) === false || Number.isFinite( normalZ ) === false ) {
+
+			throw new Error( 'SculptorMesh: Triangle normals must fit in Float32 storage.' );
+
+		}
+
+		if ( normalX === 0 && normalY === 0 && normalZ === 0 ) {
+
+			throw new Error( 'SculptorMesh: The geometry contains a zero-area triangle at Float32 precision after welding.' );
+
+		}
+
+		const faceOffset = i * 4;
+		faces[ faceOffset ] = a;
+		faces[ faceOffset + 1 ] = b;
+		faces[ faceOffset + 2 ] = c;
+		faces[ faceOffset + 3 ] = TRI_INDEX;
+		triangles[ triangleOffset ] = a;
+		triangles[ triangleOffset + 1 ] = b;
+		triangles[ triangleOffset + 2 ] = c;
+
+	}
+
+	return { faces, triangles };
+
+}
+
+// Octree
+
+class OctreeCell {
+
+	constructor( parent ) {
+
+		this._parent = parent ?? null;
+		this._depth = parent ? parent._depth + 1 : 0;
+		this._children = [];
+		this._aabbLoose = [ Infinity, Infinity, Infinity, - Infinity, - Infinity, - Infinity ];
+		this._aabbSplit = [ Infinity, Infinity, Infinity, - Infinity, - Infinity, - Infinity ];
+		this._iFaces = [];
+		this._queuedForUpdate = false;
+
+	}
+
+	resetNbFaces( nbFaces ) {
+
+		const f = this._iFaces;
+		f.length = nbFaces;
+		for ( let i = 0; i < nbFaces; ++ i ) f[ i ] = i;
+
+	}
+
+	build( mesh ) {
+
+		const stack = OCTREE_STACK;
+		stack[ 0 ] = this;
+		let curStack = 1;
+		const leaves = [];
+		while ( curStack > 0 ) {
+
+			const cell = stack[ -- curStack ];
+			const nbFaces = cell._iFaces.length;
+			if ( nbFaces > OCTREE_MAX_FACES && cell._depth < OCTREE_MAX_DEPTH ) {
+
+				cell._constructChildren( mesh );
+				const children = cell._children;
+				for ( let i = 0; i < 8; ++ i ) stack[ curStack + i ] = children[ i ];
+				curStack += 8;
+
+			} else if ( nbFaces > 0 ) {
+
+				leaves.push( cell );
+
+			}
+
+		}
+
+		for ( let i = 0, l = leaves.length; i < l; ++ i ) leaves[ i ]._constructLeaf( mesh );
+		stack.fill( null );
+
+	}
+
+	_constructLeaf( mesh ) {
+
+		const iFaces = this._iFaces;
+		const nbFaces = iFaces.length;
+		let bxmin = Infinity, bymin = Infinity, bzmin = Infinity;
+		let bxmax = - Infinity, bymax = - Infinity, bzmax = - Infinity;
+		const faceBoxes = mesh._faceBoxes;
+		const facePosInLeaf = mesh._facePosInLeaf;
+		const faceLeaf = mesh._faceLeaf;
+		for ( let i = 0; i < nbFaces; ++ i ) {
+
+			const id = iFaces[ i ];
+			faceLeaf[ id ] = this;
+			facePosInLeaf[ id ] = i;
+			const id6 = id * 6;
+			if ( faceBoxes[ id6 ] < bxmin ) bxmin = faceBoxes[ id6 ];
+			if ( faceBoxes[ id6 + 1 ] < bymin ) bymin = faceBoxes[ id6 + 1 ];
+			if ( faceBoxes[ id6 + 2 ] < bzmin ) bzmin = faceBoxes[ id6 + 2 ];
+			if ( faceBoxes[ id6 + 3 ] > bxmax ) bxmax = faceBoxes[ id6 + 3 ];
+			if ( faceBoxes[ id6 + 4 ] > bymax ) bymax = faceBoxes[ id6 + 4 ];
+			if ( faceBoxes[ id6 + 5 ] > bzmax ) bzmax = faceBoxes[ id6 + 5 ];
+
+		}
+
+		this._expandAabbLoose( bxmin, bymin, bzmin, bxmax, bymax, bzmax );
+
+	}
+
+	_constructChildren( mesh ) {
+
+		const split = this._aabbSplit;
+		const xmin = split[ 0 ], ymin = split[ 1 ], zmin = split[ 2 ];
+		const xmax = split[ 3 ], ymax = split[ 4 ], zmax = split[ 5 ];
+		const xcen = ( xmax + xmin ) * 0.5, ycen = ( ymax + ymin ) * 0.5, zcen = ( zmax + zmin ) * 0.5;
+
+		const children = new Array( 8 );
+		for ( let i = 0; i < 8; i ++ ) children[ i ] = new OctreeCell( this );
+
+		const faceCenters = mesh._faceCenters;
+		const iFaces = this._iFaces;
+		for ( let i = 0, l = iFaces.length; i < l; ++ i ) {
+
+			const iFace = iFaces[ i ];
+			const id = iFace * 3;
+			const cx = faceCenters[ id ], cy = faceCenters[ id + 1 ], cz = faceCenters[ id + 2 ];
+			if ( cx > xcen ) {
+
+				if ( cy > ycen ) children[ cz > zcen ? 6 : 5 ]._iFaces.push( iFace );
+				else children[ cz > zcen ? 2 : 1 ]._iFaces.push( iFace );
+
+			} else {
+
+				if ( cy > ycen ) children[ cz > zcen ? 7 : 4 ]._iFaces.push( iFace );
+				else children[ cz > zcen ? 3 : 0 ]._iFaces.push( iFace );
+
+			}
+
+		}
+
+		children[ 0 ]._setAabbSplit( xmin, ymin, zmin, xcen, ycen, zcen );
+		children[ 1 ]._setAabbSplit( xcen, ymin, zmin, xmax, ycen, zcen );
+		children[ 2 ]._setAabbSplit( xcen, ymin, zcen, xmax, ycen, zmax );
+		children[ 3 ]._setAabbSplit( xmin, ymin, zcen, xcen, ycen, zmax );
+		children[ 4 ]._setAabbSplit( xmin, ycen, zmin, xcen, ymax, zcen );
+		children[ 5 ]._setAabbSplit( xcen, ycen, zmin, xmax, ymax, zcen );
+		children[ 6 ]._setAabbSplit( xcen, ycen, zcen, xmax, ymax, zmax );
+		children[ 7 ]._setAabbSplit( xmin, ycen, zcen, xcen, ymax, zmax );
+
+		this._children = children;
+		this._iFaces.length = 0;
+
+	}
+
+	_setAabbSplit( xmin, ymin, zmin, xmax, ymax, zmax ) {
+
+		const a = this._aabbSplit;
+		a[ 0 ] = xmin; a[ 1 ] = ymin; a[ 2 ] = zmin;
+		a[ 3 ] = xmax; a[ 4 ] = ymax; a[ 5 ] = zmax;
+
+	}
+
+	_setAabbLoose( xmin, ymin, zmin, xmax, ymax, zmax ) {
+
+		const a = this._aabbLoose;
+		a[ 0 ] = xmin; a[ 1 ] = ymin; a[ 2 ] = zmin;
+		a[ 3 ] = xmax; a[ 4 ] = ymax; a[ 5 ] = zmax;
+
+	}
+
+	collectIntersectRay( vNear, eyeDir, collectFaces, leavesHit ) {
+
+		const vx = vNear[ 0 ], vy = vNear[ 1 ], vz = vNear[ 2 ];
+		const irx = 1.0 / eyeDir[ 0 ], iry = 1.0 / eyeDir[ 1 ], irz = 1.0 / eyeDir[ 2 ];
+		let acc = 0;
+		const stack = OCTREE_STACK;
+		stack[ 0 ] = this;
+		let curStack = 1;
+		while ( curStack > 0 ) {
+
+			const cell = stack[ -- curStack ];
+			const loose = cell._aabbLoose;
+			const t1 = ( loose[ 0 ] - vx ) * irx, t2 = ( loose[ 3 ] - vx ) * irx;
+			const t3 = ( loose[ 1 ] - vy ) * iry, t4 = ( loose[ 4 ] - vy ) * iry;
+			const t5 = ( loose[ 2 ] - vz ) * irz, t6 = ( loose[ 5 ] - vz ) * irz;
+			const tmin = Math.max( Math.min( t1, t2 ), Math.min( t3, t4 ), Math.min( t5, t6 ) );
+			const tmax = Math.min( Math.max( t1, t2 ), Math.max( t3, t4 ), Math.max( t5, t6 ) );
+			if ( tmax < 0 || tmin > tmax ) continue;
+			const children = cell._children;
+			if ( children.length === 8 ) {
+
+				for ( let i = 0; i < 8; ++ i ) stack[ curStack + i ] = children[ i ];
+				curStack += 8;
+
+			} else {
+
+				queueLeaf( leavesHit, cell );
+				const iFaces = cell._iFaces;
+				collectFaces.set( iFaces, acc );
+				acc += iFaces.length;
+
+			}
+
+		}
+
+		stack.fill( null );
+		return collectFaces.slice( 0, acc );
+
+	}
+
+	collectIntersectSphere( vert, radiusSquared, collectFaces, leavesHit ) {
+
+		const vx = vert[ 0 ], vy = vert[ 1 ], vz = vert[ 2 ];
+		let acc = 0;
+		const stack = OCTREE_STACK;
+		stack[ 0 ] = this;
+		let curStack = 1;
+		while ( curStack > 0 ) {
+
+			const cell = stack[ -- curStack ];
+			const loose = cell._aabbLoose;
+			let dx = 0, dy = 0, dz = 0;
+			if ( loose[ 0 ] > vx ) dx = loose[ 0 ] - vx;
+			else if ( loose[ 3 ] < vx ) dx = loose[ 3 ] - vx;
+			if ( loose[ 1 ] > vy ) dy = loose[ 1 ] - vy;
+			else if ( loose[ 4 ] < vy ) dy = loose[ 4 ] - vy;
+			if ( loose[ 2 ] > vz ) dz = loose[ 2 ] - vz;
+			else if ( loose[ 5 ] < vz ) dz = loose[ 5 ] - vz;
+			if ( dx * dx + dy * dy + dz * dz > radiusSquared ) continue;
+			const children = cell._children;
+			if ( children.length === 8 ) {
+
+				for ( let i = 0; i < 8; ++ i ) stack[ curStack + i ] = children[ i ];
+				curStack += 8;
+
+			} else {
+
+				queueLeaf( leavesHit, cell );
+				const iFaces = cell._iFaces;
+				collectFaces.set( iFaces, acc );
+				acc += iFaces.length;
+
+			}
+
+		}
+
+		stack.fill( null );
+		return collectFaces.slice( 0, acc );
+
+	}
+
+	addFace( faceId, bxmin, bymin, bzmin, bxmax, bymax, bzmax, cx, cy, cz ) {
+
+		const stack = OCTREE_STACK;
+		stack[ 0 ] = this;
+		let curStack = 1;
+		while ( curStack > 0 ) {
+
+			const cell = stack[ -- curStack ];
+			const s = cell._aabbSplit;
+			if ( cx <= s[ 0 ] || cy <= s[ 1 ] || cz <= s[ 2 ] || cx > s[ 3 ] || cy > s[ 4 ] || cz > s[ 5 ] ) continue;
+			const loose = cell._aabbLoose;
+			if ( bxmin < loose[ 0 ] ) loose[ 0 ] = bxmin;
+			if ( bymin < loose[ 1 ] ) loose[ 1 ] = bymin;
+			if ( bzmin < loose[ 2 ] ) loose[ 2 ] = bzmin;
+			if ( bxmax > loose[ 3 ] ) loose[ 3 ] = bxmax;
+			if ( bymax > loose[ 4 ] ) loose[ 4 ] = bymax;
+			if ( bzmax > loose[ 5 ] ) loose[ 5 ] = bzmax;
+			const children = cell._children;
+			if ( children.length === 8 ) {
+
+				for ( let i = 0; i < 8; ++ i ) stack[ curStack + i ] = children[ i ];
+				curStack += 8;
+
+			} else {
+
+				cell._iFaces.push( faceId );
+				stack.fill( null );
+				return cell;
+
+			}
+
+		}
+
+		stack.fill( null );
+
+	}
+
+	_expandAabbLoose( bxmin, bymin, bzmin, bxmax, bymax, bzmax ) {
+
+		let parent = this;
+		while ( parent ) {
+
+			const p = parent._aabbLoose;
+			let proceed = false;
+			if ( bxmin < p[ 0 ] ) {
+
+				p[ 0 ] = bxmin; proceed = true;
+
+			}
+
+			if ( bymin < p[ 1 ] ) {
+
+				p[ 1 ] = bymin; proceed = true;
+
+			}
+
+			if ( bzmin < p[ 2 ] ) {
+
+				p[ 2 ] = bzmin; proceed = true;
+
+			}
+
+			if ( bxmax > p[ 3 ] ) {
+
+				p[ 3 ] = bxmax; proceed = true;
+
+			}
+
+			if ( bymax > p[ 4 ] ) {
+
+				p[ 4 ] = bymax; proceed = true;
+
+			}
+
+			if ( bzmax > p[ 5 ] ) {
+
+				p[ 5 ] = bzmax; proceed = true;
+
+			}
+
+			parent = proceed ? parent._parent : null;
+
+		}
+
+	}
+
+	pruneIfPossible() {
+
+		let cell = this;
+		while ( cell._parent ) {
+
+			const parent = cell._parent;
+			const children = parent._children;
+			if ( children.length === 0 ) return;
+			for ( let i = 0; i < 8; ++ i ) {
+
+				if ( children[ i ]._iFaces.length > 0 || children[ i ]._children.length === 8 ) return;
+
+			}
+
+			children.length = 0;
+			cell = parent;
+
+		}
+
+	}
+
+}
+
+// Mesh topology and spatial queries
+
+class SculptorMesh {
+
+	constructor() {
+
+		this._nbVertices = 0;
+		this._nbFaces = 0;
+
+		this._verticesXYZ = null;
+		this._normalsXYZ = null;
+		this._renderNormalsXYZ = null;
+
+		this._facesABCD = null;
+		this._trianglesABC = null;
+
+		this._vertRingVert = [];
+		this._vertRingFace = [];
+		this._vertOnEdge = null;
+
+		this._faceNormals = null;
+		this._faceBoxes = null;
+		this._faceCenters = null;
+		this._facePosInLeaf = null;
+		this._faceLeaf = [];
+
+		this._vertTagFlags = null;
+		this._vertSculptFlags = null;
+		this._facesTagFlags = null;
+
+		this._octree = null;
+		this._leavesToUpdate = [];
+		this._topologyVersion = 0;
+		this._tagFlag = 1;
+		this._sculptFlag = 1;
+
+	}
+
+	getNbVertices() {
+
+		return this._nbVertices;
+
+	}
+	getNbFaces() {
+
+		return this._nbFaces;
+
+	}
+	getNbTriangles() {
+
+		return this._nbFaces;
+
+	}
+	getVertices() {
+
+		return this._verticesXYZ;
+
+	}
+	getNormals() {
+
+		return this._normalsXYZ;
+
+	}
+	getRenderNormals() {
+
+		return this._renderNormalsXYZ;
+
+	}
+	getFaces() {
+
+		return this._facesABCD;
+
+	}
+	getTriangles() {
+
+		return this._trianglesABC;
+
+	}
+	getVerticesRingVert() {
+
+		return this._vertRingVert;
+
+	}
+	getVerticesRingFace() {
+
+		return this._vertRingFace;
+
+	}
+	getVerticesOnEdge() {
+
+		return this._vertOnEdge;
+
+	}
+	getVerticesTagFlags() {
+
+		return this._vertTagFlags;
+
+	}
+	getVerticesSculptFlags() {
+
+		return this._vertSculptFlags;
+
+	}
+	getFaceNormals() {
+
+		return this._faceNormals;
+
+	}
+	getFaceBoxes() {
+
+		return this._faceBoxes;
+
+	}
+	getFaceCenters() {
+
+		return this._faceCenters;
+
+	}
+	getFacePosInLeaf() {
+
+		return this._facePosInLeaf;
+
+	}
+	getFaceLeaf() {
+
+		return this._faceLeaf;
+
+	}
+	getFacesTagFlags() {
+
+		return this._facesTagFlags;
+
+	}
+	getTopologyVersion() {
+
+		return this._topologyVersion;
+
+	}
+	getSculptFlag() {
+
+		return this._sculptFlag;
+
+	}
+	nextTagFlag() {
+
+		if ( this._tagFlag >= MAX_FLAG ) {
+
+			// Preserve pending deletion sentinels across tag rollover.
+			resetTagFlags( this._vertTagFlags, this._nbVertices );
+			resetTagFlags( this._facesTagFlags, this._nbFaces );
+			this._tagFlag = 1;
+
+		} else {
+
+			this._tagFlag ++;
+
+		}
+
+		return this._tagFlag;
+
+	}
+	nextSculptFlag() {
+
+		if ( this._sculptFlag >= MAX_FLAG ) {
+
+			this._vertSculptFlags.fill( 0 );
+			this._sculptFlag = 1;
+
+		} else {
+
+			this._sculptFlag ++;
+
+		}
+
+		return this._sculptFlag;
+
+	}
+
+	addNbVertice( nb ) {
+
+		this._nbVertices += nb;
+
+	}
+	addNbFace( nb ) {
+
+		this._nbFaces += nb;
+		this._topologyVersion ++;
+
+	}
+	markTopologyChanged() {
+
+		this._topologyVersion ++;
+
+	}
+
+	initFromGeometry( geometry ) {
+
+		this._tagFlag = 1;
+		this._sculptFlag = 1;
+
+		const posAttr = geometry.getAttribute( 'position' );
+
+		if ( posAttr === undefined || posAttr.itemSize !== 3 || posAttr.count === 0 ) {
+
+			throw new Error( 'SculptorMesh: A non-empty position attribute with itemSize 3 is required.' );
+
+		}
+
+		if ( typeof posAttr.getX !== 'function' || typeof posAttr.getY !== 'function' || typeof posAttr.getZ !== 'function' ) {
+
+			throw new Error( 'SculptorMesh: The position attribute must be CPU-accessible.' );
+
+		}
+
+		const index = geometry.getIndex();
+		const sourceVertexCount = posAttr.count;
+		const { elementCount, sourceIndices, referencedVertices } = readSourceElements( index, sourceVertexCount );
+		const { positions: sourcePositions, bounds } = readSourcePositions( posAttr, referencedVertices );
+		const { positions: weldedPositions, vertexMap } = weldPositions( sourcePositions, referencedVertices, bounds );
+		const { faces, triangles } = buildTriangleBuffers( elementCount, sourceIndices, vertexMap, weldedPositions );
+		const vertexCount = weldedPositions.length / 3;
+		const triangleCount = elementCount / 3;
+		const vertexDataLength = vertexCount * 3;
+
+		this._nbVertices = vertexCount;
+		this._nbFaces = triangleCount;
+		this._topologyVersion = 0;
+		this._leavesToUpdate.length = 0;
+
+		this._verticesXYZ = new Float32Array( weldedPositions );
+		this._normalsXYZ = new Float32Array( vertexDataLength );
+		this._renderNormalsXYZ = new Float32Array( vertexDataLength );
+
+		this._facesABCD = faces;
+		this._trianglesABC = triangles;
+		this._vertOnEdge = new Uint8Array( vertexCount );
+		this._vertTagFlags = new Int32Array( vertexCount );
+		this._vertSculptFlags = new Int32Array( vertexCount );
+		this._facesTagFlags = new Int32Array( triangleCount );
+		this._faceBoxes = new Float32Array( triangleCount * 6 );
+		this._faceNormals = new Float32Array( triangleCount * 3 );
+		this._faceCenters = new Float32Array( triangleCount * 3 );
+		this._facePosInLeaf = new Uint32Array( triangleCount );
+		this._faceLeaf = new Array( triangleCount ).fill( null );
+
+		this._initTopology();
+		this._updateGeometry();
+
+	}
+
+	_initTopology() {
+
+		const vrings = this._vertRingVert;
+		const frings = this._vertRingFace;
+		const nbVertices = this._nbVertices;
+		vrings.length = frings.length = nbVertices;
+		for ( let i = 0; i < nbVertices; ++ i ) {
+
+			vrings[ i ] = [];
+			frings[ i ] = [];
+
+		}
+
+		const nbTriangles = this._nbFaces;
+		const tAr = this._trianglesABC;
+		for ( let i = 0; i < nbTriangles; ++ i ) {
+
+			const j = i * 3;
+			frings[ tAr[ j ] ].push( i );
+			frings[ tAr[ j + 1 ] ].push( i );
+			frings[ tAr[ j + 2 ] ].push( i );
+
+		}
+
+		const vOnEdge = this._vertOnEdge;
+		for ( let i = 0; i < nbVertices; ++ i ) {
+
+			this._computeRingVertices( i );
+			vOnEdge[ i ] = frings[ i ].length !== vrings[ i ].length ? 1 : 0;
+
+		}
+
+	}
+
+	_computeRingVertices( iVert ) {
+
+		const tagFlag = this.nextTagFlag();
+		const fAr = this._facesABCD;
+		const vflags = this._vertTagFlags;
+		const vring = this._vertRingVert[ iVert ];
+		const fring = this._vertRingFace[ iVert ];
+		vring.length = 0;
+		for ( let i = 0, l = fring.length; i < l; ++ i ) {
+
+			const ind = fring[ i ] * 4;
+			let iVer1 = fAr[ ind ];
+			let iVer2 = fAr[ ind + 1 ];
+			if ( iVer1 === iVert ) iVer1 = fAr[ ind + 2 ];
+			else if ( iVer2 === iVert ) iVer2 = fAr[ ind + 2 ];
+			if ( vflags[ iVer1 ] !== tagFlag ) {
+
+				vflags[ iVer1 ] = tagFlag; vring.push( iVer1 );
+
+			}
+
+			if ( vflags[ iVer2 ] !== tagFlag ) {
+
+				vflags[ iVer2 ] = tagFlag; vring.push( iVer2 );
+
+			}
+
+		}
+
+	}
+
+	_updateGeometry( iFaces, iVerts ) {
+
+		if ( iVerts === undefined && iFaces !== undefined ) iVerts = this.getVerticesFromFaces( iFaces );
+
+		this._updateFacesAabbAndNormal( iFaces );
+		this._updateVerticesNormal( iVerts );
+		this._updateOctree( iFaces );
+
+	}
+
+	_updateFacesAabbAndNormal( iFaces ) {
+
+		const faceNormals = this._faceNormals;
+		const faceBoxes = this._faceBoxes;
+		const faceCenters = this._faceCenters;
+		const vAr = this._verticesXYZ;
+		const fAr = this._facesABCD;
+		const full = iFaces === undefined;
+		const nbFaces = full ? this._nbFaces : iFaces.length;
+
+		for ( let i = 0; i < nbFaces; ++ i ) {
+
+			const ind = full ? i : iFaces[ i ];
+			const idTri = ind * 3;
+			const idFace = ind * 4;
+			const idBox = ind * 6;
+			const ind1 = fAr[ idFace ] * 3;
+			const ind2 = fAr[ idFace + 1 ] * 3;
+			const ind3 = fAr[ idFace + 2 ] * 3;
+
+			const v1x = vAr[ ind1 ], v1y = vAr[ ind1 + 1 ], v1z = vAr[ ind1 + 2 ];
+			const v2x = vAr[ ind2 ], v2y = vAr[ ind2 + 1 ], v2z = vAr[ ind2 + 2 ];
+			const v3x = vAr[ ind3 ], v3y = vAr[ ind3 + 1 ], v3z = vAr[ ind3 + 2 ];
+
+			const ax = v2x - v1x, ay = v2y - v1y, az = v2z - v1z;
+			const bx = v3x - v1x, by = v3y - v1y, bz = v3z - v1z;
+			faceNormals[ idTri ] = ay * bz - az * by;
+			faceNormals[ idTri + 1 ] = az * bx - ax * bz;
+			faceNormals[ idTri + 2 ] = ax * by - ay * bx;
+
+			const xmin = v1x < v2x ? ( v1x < v3x ? v1x : v3x ) : ( v2x < v3x ? v2x : v3x );
+			const xmax = v1x > v2x ? ( v1x > v3x ? v1x : v3x ) : ( v2x > v3x ? v2x : v3x );
+			const ymin = v1y < v2y ? ( v1y < v3y ? v1y : v3y ) : ( v2y < v3y ? v2y : v3y );
+			const ymax = v1y > v2y ? ( v1y > v3y ? v1y : v3y ) : ( v2y > v3y ? v2y : v3y );
+			const zmin = v1z < v2z ? ( v1z < v3z ? v1z : v3z ) : ( v2z < v3z ? v2z : v3z );
+			const zmax = v1z > v2z ? ( v1z > v3z ? v1z : v3z ) : ( v2z > v3z ? v2z : v3z );
+
+			faceBoxes[ idBox ] = xmin; faceBoxes[ idBox + 1 ] = ymin; faceBoxes[ idBox + 2 ] = zmin;
+			faceBoxes[ idBox + 3 ] = xmax; faceBoxes[ idBox + 4 ] = ymax; faceBoxes[ idBox + 5 ] = zmax;
+			faceCenters[ idTri ] = ( xmin + xmax ) * 0.5;
+			faceCenters[ idTri + 1 ] = ( ymin + ymax ) * 0.5;
+			faceCenters[ idTri + 2 ] = ( zmin + zmax ) * 0.5;
+
+		}
+
+	}
+
+	_updateVerticesNormal( iVerts ) {
+
+		const nAr = this._normalsXYZ;
+		const renderNAr = this._renderNormalsXYZ;
+		const faceNormals = this._faceNormals;
+		const ringFaces = this._vertRingFace;
+		const full = iVerts === undefined;
+		const nbVerts = full ? this._nbVertices : iVerts.length;
+
+		for ( let i = 0; i < nbVerts; ++ i ) {
+
+			const ind = full ? i : iVerts[ i ];
+			const vrf = ringFaces[ ind ];
+			let nx = 0, ny = 0, nz = 0;
+			for ( let j = 0, l = vrf.length; j < l; ++ j ) {
+
+				const id = vrf[ j ] * 3;
+				nx += faceNormals[ id ];
+				ny += faceNormals[ id + 1 ];
+				nz += faceNormals[ id + 2 ];
+
+			}
+
+			const inverseCount = vrf.length > 0 ? 1.0 / vrf.length : 0;
+			const ind3 = ind * 3;
+			nx *= inverseCount;
+			ny *= inverseCount;
+			nz *= inverseCount;
+			nAr[ ind3 ] = nx;
+			nAr[ ind3 + 1 ] = ny;
+			nAr[ ind3 + 2 ] = nz;
+
+			const length = Math.sqrt( nx * nx + ny * ny + nz * nz );
+			const invLength = length > 0 ? 1.0 / length : 0;
+			renderNAr[ ind3 ] = nx * invLength;
+			renderNAr[ ind3 + 1 ] = ny * invLength;
+			renderNAr[ ind3 + 2 ] = nz * invLength;
+
+		}
+
+	}
+
+	_updateOctree( iFaces ) {
+
+		if ( iFaces === undefined ) {
+
+			this._computeOctree();
+
+		} else {
+
+			this._updateOctreeAdd( this._updateOctreeRemove( iFaces ) );
+
+		}
+
+	}
+
+	_computeOctree() {
+
+		const vAr = this._verticesXYZ;
+		let xmin = Infinity, ymin = Infinity, zmin = Infinity;
+		let xmax = - Infinity, ymax = - Infinity, zmax = - Infinity;
+
+		for ( let i = 0, l = this._nbVertices * 3; i < l; i += 3 ) {
+
+			if ( vAr[ i ] < xmin ) xmin = vAr[ i ];
+			if ( vAr[ i ] > xmax ) xmax = vAr[ i ];
+			if ( vAr[ i + 1 ] < ymin ) ymin = vAr[ i + 1 ];
+			if ( vAr[ i + 1 ] > ymax ) ymax = vAr[ i + 1 ];
+			if ( vAr[ i + 2 ] < zmin ) zmin = vAr[ i + 2 ];
+			if ( vAr[ i + 2 ] > zmax ) zmax = vAr[ i + 2 ];
+
+		}
+
+		const dx = xmax - xmin;
+		const dy = ymax - ymin;
+		const dz = zmax - zmin;
+		const thickness = Math.hypot( dx, dy, dz ) * 0.2;
+
+		if ( dx === 0 ) {
+
+			xmin -= thickness;
+			xmax += thickness;
+
+		}
+
+		if ( dy === 0 ) {
+
+			ymin -= thickness;
+			ymax += thickness;
+
+		}
+
+		if ( dz === 0 ) {
+
+			zmin -= thickness;
+			zmax += thickness;
+
+		}
+
+		const octree = new OctreeCell();
+		octree.resetNbFaces( this._nbFaces );
+		octree._setAabbLoose( xmin, ymin, zmin, xmax, ymax, zmax );
+		octree._setAabbSplit(
+			xmin - dx * 0.3, ymin - dy * 0.3, zmin - dz * 0.3,
+			xmax + dx * 0.3, ymax + dy * 0.3, zmax + dz * 0.3
+		);
+		octree.build( this );
+
+		this._octree = octree;
+		for ( let i = 0, l = this._leavesToUpdate.length; i < l; i ++ ) this._leavesToUpdate[ i ]._queuedForUpdate = false;
+		this._leavesToUpdate.length = 0;
+
+	}
+
+	_updateOctreeRemove( iFaces ) {
+
+		const faceBoxes = this._faceBoxes;
+		const faceCenters = this._faceCenters;
+		const faceLeaf = this._faceLeaf;
+		const facePosInLeaf = this._facePosInLeaf;
+		const facesToMove = new Uint32Array( getMemory( iFaces.length * 4 ), 0, iFaces.length );
+		let count = 0;
+
+		for ( let i = 0, l = iFaces.length; i < l; ++ i ) {
+
+			const iFace = iFaces[ i ];
+			const leaf = faceLeaf[ iFace ];
+			const idCenter = iFace * 3;
+
+			if ( leaf === undefined || leaf === null ) {
+
+				facesToMove[ count ++ ] = iFace;
+				continue;
+
+			}
+
+			const split = leaf._aabbSplit;
+			const x = faceCenters[ idCenter ];
+			const y = faceCenters[ idCenter + 1 ];
+			const z = faceCenters[ idCenter + 2 ];
+
+			if ( x <= split[ 0 ] || y <= split[ 1 ] || z <= split[ 2 ] || x > split[ 3 ] || y > split[ 4 ] || z > split[ 5 ] ) {
+
+				facesToMove[ count ++ ] = iFace;
+				const facesInLeaf = leaf._iFaces;
+				const position = facePosInLeaf[ iFace ];
+				const lastFace = facesInLeaf[ facesInLeaf.length - 1 ];
+
+				facesInLeaf[ position ] = lastFace;
+				facePosInLeaf[ lastFace ] = position;
+				facesInLeaf.pop();
+				queueLeaf( this._leavesToUpdate, leaf );
+
+			} else {
+
+				const idBox = iFace * 6;
+				leaf._expandAabbLoose(
+					faceBoxes[ idBox ], faceBoxes[ idBox + 1 ], faceBoxes[ idBox + 2 ],
+					faceBoxes[ idBox + 3 ], faceBoxes[ idBox + 4 ], faceBoxes[ idBox + 5 ]
+				);
+
+			}
+
+		}
+
+		return facesToMove.subarray( 0, count );
+
+	}
+
+	_updateOctreeAdd( iFaces ) {
+
+		const faceBoxes = this._faceBoxes;
+		const faceCenters = this._faceCenters;
+		const faceLeaf = this._faceLeaf;
+		const facePosInLeaf = this._facePosInLeaf;
+
+		for ( let i = 0, l = iFaces.length; i < l; ++ i ) {
+
+			const iFace = iFaces[ i ];
+			const idBox = iFace * 6;
+			const idCenter = iFace * 3;
+			const newLeaf = this._octree.addFace(
+				iFace,
+				faceBoxes[ idBox ], faceBoxes[ idBox + 1 ], faceBoxes[ idBox + 2 ],
+				faceBoxes[ idBox + 3 ], faceBoxes[ idBox + 4 ], faceBoxes[ idBox + 5 ],
+				faceCenters[ idCenter ], faceCenters[ idCenter + 1 ], faceCenters[ idCenter + 2 ]
+			);
+
+			if ( newLeaf === undefined ) {
+
+				this._computeOctree();
+				return;
+
+			}
+
+			faceLeaf[ iFace ] = newLeaf;
+			facePosInLeaf[ iFace ] = newLeaf._iFaces.length - 1;
+			queueLeaf( this._leavesToUpdate, newLeaf );
+
+		}
+
+	}
+
+	// Mesh queries
+
+	intersectRay( vNear, eyeDir ) {
+
+		const nbFaces = this._nbFaces;
+		const collectBuffer = new Uint32Array( getMemory( nbFaces * 4 ), 0, nbFaces );
+		return this._octree.collectIntersectRay( vNear, eyeDir, collectBuffer );
+
+	}
+
+	intersectSphere( center, radiusSq, collectLeaves = false ) {
+
+		const nbFaces = this._nbFaces;
+		const collectBuffer = new Uint32Array( getMemory( nbFaces * 4 ), 0, nbFaces );
+		return this._octree.collectIntersectSphere( center, radiusSq, collectBuffer, collectLeaves ? this._leavesToUpdate : undefined );
+
+	}
+
+	getVerticesFromFaces( iFaces ) {
+
+		const tagFlag = this.nextTagFlag();
+		const nbFaces = iFaces.length;
+		const vtf = this._vertTagFlags;
+		const fAr = this._facesABCD;
+		let acc = 0;
+		const verts = new Uint32Array( getMemory( 3 * nbFaces * 4 ), 0, nbFaces * 3 );
+		for ( let i = 0; i < nbFaces; ++ i ) {
+
+			const ind = iFaces[ i ] * 4;
+			const iv1 = fAr[ ind ], iv2 = fAr[ ind + 1 ], iv3 = fAr[ ind + 2 ];
+			if ( vtf[ iv1 ] !== tagFlag ) {
+
+				vtf[ iv1 ] = tagFlag; verts[ acc ++ ] = iv1;
+
+			}
+
+			if ( vtf[ iv2 ] !== tagFlag ) {
+
+				vtf[ iv2 ] = tagFlag; verts[ acc ++ ] = iv2;
+
+			}
+
+			if ( vtf[ iv3 ] !== tagFlag ) {
+
+				vtf[ iv3 ] = tagFlag; verts[ acc ++ ] = iv3;
+
+			}
+
+		}
+
+		return verts.slice( 0, acc );
+
+	}
+
+	getFacesFromVertices( iVerts ) {
+
+		const tagFlag = this.nextTagFlag();
+		const ftf = this._facesTagFlags;
+		const frings = this._vertRingFace;
+		const nbVerts = iVerts.length;
+		const faces = new Uint32Array( getMemory( 4 * this._nbFaces ), 0, this._nbFaces );
+		let acc = 0;
+		for ( let i = 0; i < nbVerts; ++ i ) {
+
+			const fring = frings[ iVerts[ i ] ];
+			for ( let j = 0, l = fring.length; j < l; ++ j ) {
+
+				const iFace = fring[ j ];
+				if ( ftf[ iFace ] !== tagFlag ) {
+
+					ftf[ iFace ] = tagFlag;
+					faces[ acc ++ ] = iFace;
+
+				}
+
+			}
+
+		}
+
+		return faces.slice( 0, acc );
+
+	}
+
+	expandsFaces( iFaces, nRing ) {
+
+		const tagFlag = this.nextTagFlag();
+		let nbFaces = iFaces.length;
+		const ftf = this._facesTagFlags;
+		const fAr = this._facesABCD;
+		const ringFaces = this._vertRingFace;
+		let acc = nbFaces;
+		const iFacesExpanded = new Uint32Array( getMemory( 4 * this._nbFaces ), 0, this._nbFaces );
+		iFacesExpanded.set( iFaces );
+		for ( let i = 0; i < nbFaces; ++ i ) ftf[ iFacesExpanded[ i ] ] = tagFlag;
+		let iBegin = 0;
+		while ( nRing ) {
+
+			-- nRing;
+			for ( let i = iBegin; i < nbFaces; ++ i ) {
+
+				const ind = iFacesExpanded[ i ] * 4;
+				for ( let j = 0; j < 3; ++ j ) {
+
+					const idv = fAr[ ind + j ];
+					const vrf = ringFaces[ idv ];
+					for ( let k = 0, l = vrf.length; k < l; ++ k ) {
+
+						const id = vrf[ k ];
+						if ( ftf[ id ] === tagFlag ) continue;
+						ftf[ id ] = tagFlag;
+						iFacesExpanded[ acc ++ ] = id;
+
+					}
+
+				}
+
+			}
+
+			iBegin = nbFaces;
+			nbFaces = acc;
+
+		}
+
+		return iFacesExpanded.slice( 0, acc );
+
+	}
+
+	expandsVertices( iVerts, nRing ) {
+
+		const tagFlag = this.nextTagFlag();
+		let nbVerts = iVerts.length;
+		const vrings = this._vertRingVert;
+		const vtf = this._vertTagFlags;
+		let acc = nbVerts;
+		const nbVertices = this._nbVertices;
+		const iVertsExpanded = new Uint32Array( getMemory( 4 * nbVertices ), 0, nbVertices );
+		iVertsExpanded.set( iVerts );
+		for ( let i = 0; i < nbVerts; ++ i ) vtf[ iVertsExpanded[ i ] ] = tagFlag;
+		let iBegin = 0;
+		while ( nRing ) {
+
+			-- nRing;
+			for ( let i = iBegin; i < nbVerts; ++ i ) {
+
+				const ring = vrings[ iVertsExpanded[ i ] ];
+				for ( let j = 0, l = ring.length; j < l; ++ j ) {
+
+					const id = ring[ j ];
+					if ( vtf[ id ] === tagFlag ) continue;
+					vtf[ id ] = tagFlag;
+					iVertsExpanded[ acc ++ ] = id;
+
+				}
+
+			}
+
+			iBegin = nbVerts;
+			nbVerts = acc;
+
+		}
+
+		return iVertsExpanded.slice( 0, acc );
+
+	}
+
+	// Dynamic topology
+
+	updateRenderTriangles( iFaces ) {
+
+		const tAr = this._trianglesABC;
+		const fAr = this._facesABCD;
+		const full = iFaces === undefined;
+		const nbFaces = full ? this._nbFaces : iFaces.length;
+		for ( let i = 0; i < nbFaces; ++ i ) {
+
+			const id = full ? i : iFaces[ i ];
+			const idt = id * 3;
+			const idf = id * 4;
+			tAr[ idt ] = fAr[ idf ];
+			tAr[ idt + 1 ] = fAr[ idf + 1 ];
+			tAr[ idt + 2 ] = fAr[ idf + 2 ];
+
+		}
+
+	}
+
+	updateVerticesOnEdge( iVerts ) {
+
+		const vOnEdge = this._vertOnEdge;
+		const vrings = this._vertRingVert;
+		const frings = this._vertRingFace;
+		const full = iVerts === undefined;
+		const nbVerts = full ? this._nbVertices : iVerts.length;
+		for ( let i = 0; i < nbVerts; ++ i ) {
+
+			const id = full ? i : iVerts[ i ];
+			vOnEdge[ id ] = vrings[ id ].length !== frings[ id ].length ? 1 : 0;
+
+		}
+
+	}
+
+	updateTopology( iFaces, iVerts ) {
+
+		this.updateRenderTriangles( iFaces );
+		this.updateVerticesOnEdge( iVerts );
+
+	}
+
+	_resizeArray( array, requiredLength ) {
+
+		if ( array === null ) return null;
+
+		const resized = new array.constructor( requiredLength * 2 );
+		resized.set( array.subarray( 0, Math.min( array.length, resized.length ) ) );
+		return resized;
+
+	}
+
+	reAllocateArrays( nbAddElements ) {
+
+		let capacity = this._facesABCD.length / 4;
+		let requiredCount = this._nbFaces + nbAddElements;
+
+		if ( capacity < requiredCount || capacity > requiredCount * 4 ) {
+
+			this._facesABCD = this._resizeArray( this._facesABCD, requiredCount * 4 );
+			this._trianglesABC = this._resizeArray( this._trianglesABC, requiredCount * 3 );
+			this._faceBoxes = this._resizeArray( this._faceBoxes, requiredCount * 6 );
+			this._faceNormals = this._resizeArray( this._faceNormals, requiredCount * 3 );
+			this._faceCenters = this._resizeArray( this._faceCenters, requiredCount * 3 );
+			this._facesTagFlags = this._resizeArray( this._facesTagFlags, requiredCount );
+			this._facePosInLeaf = this._resizeArray( this._facePosInLeaf, requiredCount );
+
+		}
+
+		capacity = this._verticesXYZ.length / 3;
+		requiredCount = this._nbVertices + nbAddElements;
+
+		if ( capacity < requiredCount || capacity > requiredCount * 4 ) {
+
+			this._verticesXYZ = this._resizeArray( this._verticesXYZ, requiredCount * 3 );
+			this._normalsXYZ = this._resizeArray( this._normalsXYZ, requiredCount * 3 );
+			this._renderNormalsXYZ = this._resizeArray( this._renderNormalsXYZ, requiredCount * 3 );
+			this._vertOnEdge = this._resizeArray( this._vertOnEdge, requiredCount );
+			this._vertTagFlags = this._resizeArray( this._vertTagFlags, requiredCount );
+			this._vertSculptFlags = this._resizeArray( this._vertSculptFlags, requiredCount );
+
+		}
+
+	}
+
+	balanceOctree() {
+
+		const leaves = this._leavesToUpdate;
+
+		for ( let i = 0, l = leaves.length; i < l; ++ i ) {
+
+			const leaf = leaves[ i ];
+			leaf._queuedForUpdate = false;
+
+			if ( leaf._iFaces.length === 0 ) {
+
+				leaf.pruneIfPossible();
+
+			} else if ( leaf._iFaces.length > OCTREE_MAX_FACES && leaf._depth < OCTREE_MAX_DEPTH ) {
+
+				leaf.build( this );
+
+			}
+
+		}
+
+		leaves.length = 0;
+
+	}
+
+}
+
+export { SculptorMesh };