@fredlackey/devutils 0.0.18 → 0.0.19

package/src/installs/yum-utils.md

@@ -1,648 +0,0 @@
-# Installing yum-utils
-
-## Overview
-
-yum-utils is a collection of utilities and plugins that extend and supplement the YUM (Yellowdog Updater Modified) package manager on Red Hat-based Linux distributions. It provides essential tools for repository management, package debugging, and system administration tasks.
-
-**Key utilities included in yum-utils:**
-
-| Utility | Description |
-|---------|-------------|
-| `yum-config-manager` | Manage yum repository configuration and enable/disable repos |
-| `repoquery` | Query yum repositories for package information |
-| `yumdownloader` | Download RPM packages without installing them |
-| `package-cleanup` | Clean up duplicate, orphaned, or old packages |
-| `needs-restarting` | Report processes that need restarting after updates |
-| `yum-builddep` | Install build dependencies for source RPMs |
-| `reposync` | Synchronize a remote yum repository to a local directory |
-| `yum-complete-transaction` | Complete interrupted yum transactions |
-| `debuginfo-install` | Install debuginfo packages for debugging |
-| `repomanage` | Manage RPM packages in a repository directory |
-
-**Important Note on Naming:**
-- **RHEL 7, CentOS 7, Amazon Linux 2**: Use `yum-utils`
-- **RHEL 8+, CentOS Stream 8+, Fedora 22+, Amazon Linux 2023**: Use `dnf-utils` (the `yum-utils` package name still works as an alias on most systems)
-
-The yum-utils project has been deprecated upstream in favor of DNF's built-in functionality and dnf-utils. However, the package remains essential for systems running RHEL 7 / CentOS 7 / Amazon Linux 2 and is still available (via compatibility packages) on newer systems.
-
-## Platform Support Summary
-
-| Platform | Support Level | Package Manager |
-|----------|---------------|-----------------|
-| macOS | Not Supported | N/A |
-| Ubuntu/Debian | Not Supported | N/A |
-| Raspberry Pi OS | Not Supported | N/A |
-| Amazon Linux 2 | Fully Supported | YUM |
-| Amazon Linux 2023 | Supported (via dnf-utils) | DNF |
-| RHEL 7 / CentOS 7 | Fully Supported | YUM |
-| RHEL 8+ / CentOS Stream | Supported (via yum-utils/dnf-utils) | DNF |
-| Windows | Not Supported | N/A |
-| Git Bash | Not Supported | N/A |
-
-**Why yum-utils is not available on some platforms:** yum-utils is specifically designed for Red Hat-based package management (RPM/YUM/DNF). Debian-based systems (Ubuntu, Raspberry Pi OS) use APT, macOS uses Homebrew, and Windows uses Chocolatey/winget. There are no equivalents or ports of yum-utils for these platforms because the underlying package management systems are fundamentally different.
-
-## Dependencies
-
-### Amazon Linux 2 (YUM)
-
-- **Required:**
-  - `sudo` - Pre-installed on Amazon Linux for privilege escalation
-  - `yum` - Pre-installed package manager on Amazon Linux 2
-- **Optional:** None
-- **Auto-installed:** The `yum-utils` package may pull in dependencies like `python`, `yum-plugin-fastestmirror`, etc.
-
-**Note**: All required dependencies are pre-installed on Amazon Linux 2. No additional packages need to be installed before running this installer.
-
-### Amazon Linux 2023 (DNF)
-
-- **Required:**
-  - `sudo` - Pre-installed on Amazon Linux for privilege escalation
-  - `dnf` - Pre-installed package manager on Amazon Linux 2023
-- **Optional:** None
-- **Auto-installed:** The `dnf-utils` package (which provides yum-utils functionality) may pull in Python and DNF plugin dependencies.
-
-**Note**: All required dependencies are pre-installed on Amazon Linux 2023. No additional packages need to be installed before running this installer.
-
-### RHEL / CentOS (DNF/YUM)
-
-- **Required:**
-  - `sudo` - Pre-installed for privilege escalation
-  - `dnf` (RHEL 8+) OR `yum` (RHEL 7) - Pre-installed package manager
-- **Optional:** None
-- **Auto-installed:** Various Python and plugin dependencies
-
-**Note**: All required dependencies are pre-installed on RHEL and CentOS systems.
-
-## Prerequisites
-
-Before installing yum-utils, ensure:
-
-1. **Administrative privileges** - Root or sudo access
-2. **Internet connectivity** - Required to download packages from repositories
-3. **Valid repository configuration** - The base repository must be enabled and accessible
-
-## Platform-Specific Installation
-
-### macOS (Homebrew)
-
-#### Not Supported
-
-yum-utils is not available for macOS. The package is specifically designed for Red Hat-based Linux distributions that use the RPM package format and YUM/DNF package managers.
-
-**Why it is not supported:** macOS uses a completely different package management system. Homebrew is the de facto package manager for macOS and uses its own formula-based approach rather than RPM packages.
-
-**Alternative approaches:** If you need to manage RPM-based systems from macOS, consider:
-
-1. **SSH into the target system** - Connect to your Amazon Linux/RHEL server directly and run yum-utils commands there
-2. **Use Docker** - Run an Amazon Linux or CentOS container on macOS for testing
-3. **Use Vagrant** - Create a virtual machine running Amazon Linux or CentOS
-
-```bash
-# Example: Run Amazon Linux 2023 container on macOS
-docker run -it --rm amazonlinux:2023 /bin/bash
-
-# Inside the container, install and use yum-utils
-dnf install -y dnf-utils
-yum-config-manager --help
-```
-
----
-
-### Ubuntu/Debian (APT)
-
-#### Not Supported
-
-yum-utils is not available for Ubuntu or Debian. These distributions use APT (Advanced Package Tool) with DEB packages, not YUM/DNF with RPM packages.
-
-**Why it is not supported:** Ubuntu and Debian are based on a completely different package management architecture. While a `yum-utils` package exists in some Debian/Ubuntu repositories for creating YUM repositories, it does not provide the same functionality and is known to have issues (segfaults, no configured repositories).
-
-**Alternative approaches:** Ubuntu/Debian have native equivalents for yum-utils functionality:
-
-| yum-utils Tool | APT/Debian Equivalent |
-|----------------|----------------------|
-| `yum-config-manager` | Edit `/etc/apt/sources.list` or use `add-apt-repository` |
-| `repoquery` | `apt-cache show`, `apt-cache depends`, `dpkg -L` |
-| `yumdownloader` | `apt-get download` |
-| `package-cleanup` | `apt-get autoremove`, `apt-get autoclean` |
-| `needs-restarting` | `needrestart` package |
-
-```bash
-# Example: Download a package without installing (Ubuntu equivalent of yumdownloader)
-apt-get download nginx
-
-# Example: Check package dependencies (Ubuntu equivalent of repoquery --requires)
-apt-cache depends nginx
-
-# Example: Clean up orphaned packages (Ubuntu equivalent of package-cleanup)
-sudo DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive apt-get autoremove -y
-```
-
----
-
-### Raspberry Pi OS (APT)
-
-#### Not Supported
-
-yum-utils is not available for Raspberry Pi OS. Like Ubuntu, Raspberry Pi OS is Debian-based and uses APT with DEB packages.
-
-**Why it is not supported:** Raspberry Pi OS uses the same APT-based package management as Debian and Ubuntu. YUM/DNF and RPM packages are not part of the Raspberry Pi ecosystem.
-
-**Alternative approaches:** Use the same APT equivalents described in the Ubuntu/Debian section above.
-
-If you need to run yum-utils on Raspberry Pi hardware, you would need to install a Red Hat-based operating system. CentOS previously offered ARM builds, but these are no longer maintained. Consider:
-
-1. **Use Docker on Raspberry Pi** - Run an Amazon Linux 2023 ARM container (if available for ARM64)
-2. **Use the APT equivalents** - Most functionality has native APT counterparts
-
----
-
-### Amazon Linux (DNF/YUM)
-
-#### Prerequisites
-
-- Amazon Linux 2023 (AL2023) or Amazon Linux 2 (AL2)
-- sudo privileges
-- Internet connectivity to Amazon Linux repositories
-
-This is the primary use case for yum-utils. Amazon Linux is a Red Hat-based distribution that fully supports yum-utils.
-
-#### Installation Steps
-
-**For Amazon Linux 2023:**
-
-Amazon Linux 2023 uses DNF as its package manager. Install `dnf-utils`, which provides the same functionality as yum-utils:
-
-```bash
-sudo dnf install -y dnf-utils
-```
-
-**Note:** On AL2023, `yum` is an alias for `dnf`, so `yum` commands still work. However, using `dnf` is recommended for forward compatibility.
-
-**For Amazon Linux 2:**
-
-Amazon Linux 2 uses YUM as its package manager:
-
-```bash
-sudo yum install -y yum-utils
-```
-
-**Why the `-y` flag:** The `-y` flag automatically confirms the installation, making the command non-interactive and suitable for automation scripts and CI/CD pipelines.
-
-#### Verification
-
-Confirm the installation succeeded by checking for key utilities:
-
-**For Amazon Linux 2023:**
-
-```bash
-# Check that yum-config-manager is available
-yum-config-manager --help
-
-# Check that repoquery is available
-repoquery --version
-
-# List all files installed by dnf-utils
-rpm -ql dnf-utils
-```
-
-**For Amazon Linux 2:**
-
-```bash
-# Check that yum-config-manager is available
-yum-config-manager --help
-
-# Check that repoquery is available
-repoquery --version
-
-# List all files installed by yum-utils
-rpm -ql yum-utils
-```
-
-Expected output for `yum-config-manager --help`:
-
-```
-usage: yum-config-manager [-h] [--save] [--setopt SETOPTS]
-                          [--add-repo ADDREPO] [--dump-variables]
-                          [--enable | --disable] [--version] [--installroot INSTALLROOT]
-...
-```
-
-#### Troubleshooting
-
-**Problem**: `No package yum-utils available` (on AL2023)
-
-**Solution**: On Amazon Linux 2023, use `dnf-utils` instead:
-
-```bash
-sudo dnf install -y dnf-utils
-```
-
-The `yum-utils` package name may not be available as an alias on all AL2023 versions.
-
-**Problem**: `Cannot find a valid baseurl for repo`
-
-**Solution**: Check your network connectivity and ensure the Amazon Linux repositories are accessible:
-
-```bash
-# Test connectivity to Amazon Linux repos
-curl -I https://cdn.amazonlinux.com/
-
-# Update repository metadata
-sudo dnf makecache   # AL2023
-sudo yum makecache   # AL2
-```
-
-**Problem**: `yum-config-manager: command not found` after installation
-
-**Solution**: The package may have installed but the shell does not see the new commands. Verify installation and refresh your PATH:
-
-```bash
-# Verify package is installed
-rpm -q yum-utils dnf-utils
-
-# The commands are in /usr/bin which should be in PATH
-which yum-config-manager
-
-# If not found, check the package file list
-rpm -ql yum-utils 2>/dev/null || rpm -ql dnf-utils
-```
-
-**Problem**: Permissions error when running yum-utils commands
-
-**Solution**: Most yum-utils commands that modify system configuration require root privileges:
-
-```bash
-# Use sudo for commands that modify the system
-sudo yum-config-manager --add-repo https://example.com/repo
-
-# Some read-only commands work without sudo
-repoquery --list httpd
-```
-
----
-
-### RHEL / CentOS (DNF/YUM)
-
-#### Prerequisites
-
-- RHEL 7/8/9, CentOS 7, CentOS Stream 8/9, Rocky Linux, or AlmaLinux
-- sudo privileges
-- Internet connectivity to package repositories (or configured local repositories)
-
-#### Installation Steps
-
-**For RHEL 8+, CentOS Stream 8+, Rocky Linux, AlmaLinux:**
-
-```bash
-sudo dnf install -y yum-utils
-```
-
-Note: On these systems, `yum-utils` is a compatibility package that pulls in `dnf-utils`. Either package name works.
-
-**For RHEL 7 / CentOS 7:**
-
-```bash
-sudo yum install -y yum-utils
-```
-
-#### Verification
-
-```bash
-# Check yum-config-manager
-yum-config-manager --help
-
-# Check repoquery
-repoquery --version
-
-# Check package-cleanup
-package-cleanup --help
-
-# List installed package contents
-rpm -ql yum-utils 2>/dev/null || rpm -ql dnf-utils
-```
-
-#### Troubleshooting
-
-**Problem**: On RHEL 8/9, `yum-utils` shows as deprecated
-
-**Solution**: This is expected. The functionality has been integrated into DNF and dnf-utils. The commands still work:
-
-```bash
-# These commands work the same way
-yum-config-manager --enable some-repo
-dnf config-manager --enable some-repo  # DNF equivalent
-```
-
-**Problem**: `repoquery` gives different output on RHEL 8+ vs RHEL 7
-
-**Solution**: On RHEL 8+, `repoquery` is actually `dnf repoquery` which has slightly different options. Check the help:
-
-```bash
-repoquery --help
-# or
-dnf repoquery --help
-```
-
----
-
-### Windows (Chocolatey/winget)
-
-#### Not Supported
-
-yum-utils is not available for Windows. It is a Linux-specific tool for managing RPM packages and YUM/DNF repositories.
-
-**Why it is not supported:** Windows uses completely different package management systems (Chocolatey, winget, or MSI installers). There is no concept of RPM packages or YUM repositories on Windows.
-
-**Alternative approaches:**
-
-1. **Use WSL (Windows Subsystem for Linux)** - Install Amazon Linux 2 or a RHEL-compatible distribution in WSL, then install yum-utils there
-
-2. **Use Docker Desktop for Windows** - Run an Amazon Linux container:
-
-```powershell
-# Run Amazon Linux 2023 container
-docker run -it --rm amazonlinux:2023 /bin/bash
-
-# Inside the container
-dnf install -y dnf-utils
-```
-
-3. **Use a virtual machine** - Install Amazon Linux or CentOS in VirtualBox, VMware, or Hyper-V
-
----
-
-### WSL (Windows Subsystem for Linux)
-
-#### Prerequisites
-
-- Windows 10 version 2004 or later, or Windows 11
-- WSL 2 enabled
-- A Red Hat-based distribution installed in WSL (not Ubuntu)
-
-**Important:** The default WSL distribution is Ubuntu, which does not support yum-utils. You need to install a Red Hat-based distribution.
-
-#### Installation Steps
-
-WSL does not officially support Amazon Linux or RHEL. However, you can import a Red Hat-based distribution or use Docker within WSL.
-
-**Option 1: Use Docker within WSL Ubuntu**
-
-This is the recommended approach. Install Docker in WSL Ubuntu and run an Amazon Linux container:
-
-```bash
-# First, ensure Docker is installed in WSL
-# Then run Amazon Linux container
-docker run -it --rm amazonlinux:2023 /bin/bash
-
-# Inside the container, install dnf-utils
-dnf install -y dnf-utils
-```
-
-**Option 2: Import an OracleLinux or similar distro**
-
-OracleLinux (which is RHEL-compatible) can be imported into WSL:
-
-```powershell
-# In PowerShell, download and import OracleLinux
-# (Check Oracle's documentation for current WSL images)
-wsl --import OracleLinux C:\WSL\OracleLinux .\OracleLinux.tar
-```
-
-After importing a RHEL-compatible distro, install yum-utils:
-
-```bash
-# For Oracle Linux 8+ / RHEL 8+
-sudo dnf install -y yum-utils
-
-# For Oracle Linux 7 / CentOS 7
-sudo yum install -y yum-utils
-```
-
-#### Verification
-
-```bash
-# Verify installation
-yum-config-manager --help
-repoquery --version
-```
-
-#### Troubleshooting
-
-**Problem**: Running yum-utils commands in WSL Ubuntu gives "command not found"
-
-**Solution**: WSL Ubuntu is Debian-based and does not support yum-utils. Use Docker or import a RHEL-based distribution as described above.
-
----
-
-### Git Bash (Manual/Portable)
-
-#### Not Supported
-
-yum-utils is not available for Git Bash. Git Bash is a terminal emulator for Windows that provides a Unix-like command-line experience, but it does not include Linux package management systems.
-
-**Why it is not supported:** Git Bash runs on Windows and does not have access to YUM, DNF, or RPM infrastructure. The yum-utils package requires a full Linux environment with RPM database support.
-
-**Alternative approaches:**
-
-1. **Use Docker from Git Bash** - If Docker Desktop is installed:
-
-```bash
-# From Git Bash, run Amazon Linux container
-docker run -it --rm amazonlinux:2023 /bin/bash
-
-# Inside the container
-dnf install -y dnf-utils
-```
-
-2. **SSH to a Linux server** - Connect to an Amazon Linux or RHEL server:
-
-```bash
-# From Git Bash
-ssh user@your-amazon-linux-server
-
-# On the remote server
-sudo dnf install -y dnf-utils
-```
-
----
-
-## Post-Installation Configuration
-
-### Adding Third-Party Repositories
-
-One of the most common uses of yum-utils is adding third-party repositories. Here is how to add a repository using `yum-config-manager`:
-
-```bash
-# Add a repository from a URL
-sudo yum-config-manager --add-repo https://example.com/repo/example.repo
-
-# Example: Add the Docker CE repository on Amazon Linux 2
-sudo yum-config-manager --add-repo https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
-
-# Example: Add the HashiCorp repository for Terraform
-sudo yum-config-manager --add-repo https://rpm.releases.hashicorp.com/AmazonLinux/hashicorp.repo
-```
-
-### Enabling and Disabling Repositories
-
-```bash
-# List all repositories
-yum repolist all
-
-# Enable a disabled repository
-sudo yum-config-manager --enable epel
-
-# Disable a repository
-sudo yum-config-manager --disable epel-testing
-
-# Enable a repository for a single transaction
-sudo dnf install --enablerepo=epel-testing some-package -y
-```
-
-### Downloading Packages Without Installing
-
-Use `yumdownloader` to download RPM packages for offline installation or inspection:
-
-```bash
-# Download a package to the current directory
-yumdownloader httpd
-
-# Download a package and its dependencies
-yumdownloader --resolve httpd
-
-# Download to a specific directory
-yumdownloader --destdir=/tmp/packages httpd
-
-# Download source RPMs
-yumdownloader --source httpd
-```
-
-### Querying Repository Information
-
-Use `repoquery` to get detailed package information:
-
-```bash
-# List all packages in a repository
-repoquery --repoid=amzn2-core '*'
-
-# Show package dependencies
-repoquery --requires httpd
-
-# Show what packages depend on a package
-repoquery --whatrequires openssl
-
-# List files in a package (not installed)
-repoquery --list httpd
-
-# Show package information
-repoquery --info httpd
-```
-
-### Cleaning Up Old Packages
-
-Use `package-cleanup` to maintain system cleanliness:
-
-```bash
-# Remove orphaned packages (packages not in any repository)
-sudo package-cleanup --orphans
-
-# Remove old kernels (keep only the 2 most recent)
-sudo package-cleanup --oldkernels --count=2
-
-# Find duplicate packages
-package-cleanup --dupes
-
-# Find packages with dependency problems
-package-cleanup --problems
-```
-
----
-
-## Common Issues
-
-### Issue: Commands Work Differently on DNF vs YUM Systems
-
-**Symptoms:** Same command gives different output or options on RHEL 7 vs RHEL 8+.
-
-**Solution:** On RHEL 8+ / Amazon Linux 2023, yum-utils commands are actually DNF commands. Check documentation for any differences:
-
-```bash
-# On RHEL 8+ / AL2023, these are equivalent:
-yum-config-manager --help
-dnf config-manager --help
-
-# repoquery on RHEL 8+ is actually:
-dnf repoquery --help
-```
-
-### Issue: "yum-config-manager: command not found" After System Update
-
-**Symptoms:** After a system update, yum-config-manager stops working.
-
-**Solution:** The package may have been removed during updates. Reinstall:
-
-```bash
-# Amazon Linux 2023 / RHEL 8+
-sudo dnf install -y dnf-utils
-
-# Amazon Linux 2 / RHEL 7
-sudo yum install -y yum-utils
-```
-
-### Issue: Repository URL Returns 404
-
-**Symptoms:** `yum-config-manager --add-repo` succeeds but packages cannot be found.
-
-**Solution:** Verify the repository URL is correct and accessible:
-
-```bash
-# Test the repository URL
-curl -I https://example.com/repo/repodata/repomd.xml
-
-# If 404, the URL may be incorrect or the repo may have moved
-# Remove the bad repo file
-sudo rm /etc/yum.repos.d/example.repo
-```
-
-### Issue: GPG Key Errors When Installing from Third-Party Repo
-
-**Symptoms:** "GPG key retrieval failed" or "Public key not installed"
-
-**Solution:** Import the GPG key or disable GPG checking (not recommended for production):
-
-```bash
-# Import the repository GPG key
-sudo rpm --import https://example.com/repo/RPM-GPG-KEY-example
-
-# Or temporarily disable GPG check (use with caution)
-sudo dnf install --nogpgcheck some-package -y
-```
-
-### Issue: Slow Repository Operations
-
-**Symptoms:** yumdownloader, repoquery, or reposync commands are very slow.
-
-**Solution:** Update repository metadata cache:
-
-```bash
-# Refresh metadata cache
-sudo dnf makecache   # AL2023 / RHEL 8+
-sudo yum makecache   # AL2 / RHEL 7
-
-# Use fastest mirror plugin (if available)
-sudo dnf install -y dnf-plugins-core
-```
-
----
-
-## References
-
-- [yum-utils Linux Manual Page](https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man1/yum-utils.1.html)
-- [GitHub - yum-utils (Deprecated)](https://github.com/rpm-software-management/yum-utils)
-- [Amazon Linux 2023 Package Management](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/linux/al2023/ug/package-management.html)
-- [Amazon Linux 2 Package Management](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/linux/al2/ug/find-install-software.html)
-- [Red Hat - Managing Software with DNF](https://access.redhat.com/documentation/en-us/red_hat_enterprise_linux/9/html-single/managing_software_with_the_dnf_tool/index)
-- [DNF vs YUM Comparison](https://phoenixnap.com/kb/dnf-vs-yum)
-- [Fedora - Yum to DNF Cheatsheet](https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Yum_to_DNF_Cheatsheet)
-- [TecMint - yum-utils Guide](https://www.tecmint.com/linux-yum-package-management-with-yum-utils/)
-- [pkgs.org - dnf-utils Package](https://pkgs.org/download/dnf-utils)