@fprad0/skill-master-mcp 0.0.12 → 1.0.0

package/docs/skill-candidates/v0.0.11/typescript-expert/references/typescript-cheatsheet.md

@@ -1,383 +1,383 @@
-# TypeScript Cheatsheet
-
-## Type Basics
-
-```typescript
-// Primitives
-const name: string = 'John'
-const age: number = 30
-const isActive: boolean = true
-const nothing: null = null
-const notDefined: undefined = undefined
-
-// Arrays
-const numbers: number[] = [1, 2, 3]
-const strings: Array<string> = ['a', 'b', 'c']
-
-// Tuple
-const tuple: [string, number] = ['hello', 42]
-
-// Object
-const user: { name: string; age: number } = { name: 'John', age: 30 }
-
-// Union
-const value: string | number = 'hello'
-
-// Literal
-const direction: 'up' | 'down' | 'left' | 'right' = 'up'
-
-// Any vs Unknown
-const anyValue: any = 'anything'     // ❌ Avoid
-const unknownValue: unknown = 'safe' // ✅ Prefer, requires narrowing
-```
-
-## Type Aliases & Interfaces
-
-```typescript
-// Type Alias
-type Point = {
-  x: number
-  y: number
-}
-
-// Interface (preferred for objects)
-interface User {
-  id: string
-  name: string
-  email?: string  // Optional
-  readonly createdAt: Date  // Readonly
-}
-
-// Extending
-interface Admin extends User {
-  permissions: string[]
-}
-
-// Intersection
-type AdminUser = User & { permissions: string[] }
-```
-
-## Generics
-
-```typescript
-// Generic function
-function identity<T>(value: T): T {
-  return value
-}
-
-// Generic with constraint
-function getLength<T extends { length: number }>(item: T): number {
-  return item.length
-}
-
-// Generic interface
-interface ApiResponse<T> {
-  data: T
-  status: number
-  message: string
-}
-
-// Generic with default
-type Container<T = string> = {
-  value: T
-}
-
-// Multiple generics
-function merge<T, U>(obj1: T, obj2: U): T & U {
-  return { ...obj1, ...obj2 }
-}
-```
-
-## Utility Types
-
-```typescript
-interface User {
-  id: string
-  name: string
-  email: string
-  age: number
-}
-
-// Partial - all optional
-type PartialUser = Partial<User>
-
-// Required - all required
-type RequiredUser = Required<User>
-
-// Readonly - all readonly
-type ReadonlyUser = Readonly<User>
-
-// Pick - select properties
-type UserName = Pick<User, 'id' | 'name'>
-
-// Omit - exclude properties
-type UserWithoutEmail = Omit<User, 'email'>
-
-// Record - key-value map
-type UserMap = Record<string, User>
-
-// Extract - extract from union
-type StringOrNumber = string | number | boolean
-type OnlyStrings = Extract<StringOrNumber, string>
-
-// Exclude - exclude from union
-type NotString = Exclude<StringOrNumber, string>
-
-// NonNullable - remove null/undefined
-type MaybeString = string | null | undefined
-type DefinitelyString = NonNullable<MaybeString>
-
-// ReturnType - get function return type
-function getUser() { return { name: 'John' } }
-type UserReturn = ReturnType<typeof getUser>
-
-// Parameters - get function parameters
-type GetUserParams = Parameters<typeof getUser>
-
-// Awaited - unwrap Promise
-type ResolvedUser = Awaited<Promise<User>>
-```
-
-## Conditional Types
-
-```typescript
-// Basic conditional
-type IsString<T> = T extends string ? true : false
-
-// Infer keyword
-type UnwrapPromise<T> = T extends Promise<infer U> ? U : T
-
-// Distributive conditional
-type ToArray<T> = T extends any ? T[] : never
-type Result = ToArray<string | number>  // string[] | number[]
-
-// NonDistributive
-type ToArrayNonDist<T> = [T] extends [any] ? T[] : never
-```
-
-## Template Literal Types
-
-```typescript
-type Color = 'red' | 'green' | 'blue'
-type Size = 'small' | 'medium' | 'large'
-
-// Combine
-type ColorSize = `${Color}-${Size}`
-// 'red-small' | 'red-medium' | 'red-large' | ...
-
-// Event handlers
-type EventName = 'click' | 'focus' | 'blur'
-type EventHandler = `on${Capitalize<EventName>}`
-// 'onClick' | 'onFocus' | 'onBlur'
-```
-
-## Mapped Types
-
-```typescript
-// Basic mapped type
-type Optional<T> = {
-  [K in keyof T]?: T[K]
-}
-
-// With key remapping
-type Getters<T> = {
-  [K in keyof T as `get${Capitalize<string & K>}`]: () => T[K]
-}
-
-// Filter keys
-type OnlyStrings<T> = {
-  [K in keyof T as T[K] extends string ? K : never]: T[K]
-}
-```
-
-## Type Guards
-
-```typescript
-// typeof guard
-function process(value: string | number) {
-  if (typeof value === 'string') {
-    return value.toUpperCase()  // string
-  }
-  return value.toFixed(2)  // number
-}
-
-// instanceof guard
-class Dog { bark() {} }
-class Cat { meow() {} }
-
-function makeSound(animal: Dog | Cat) {
-  if (animal instanceof Dog) {
-    animal.bark()
-  } else {
-    animal.meow()
-  }
-}
-
-// in guard
-interface Bird { fly(): void }
-interface Fish { swim(): void }
-
-function move(animal: Bird | Fish) {
-  if ('fly' in animal) {
-    animal.fly()
-  } else {
-    animal.swim()
-  }
-}
-
-// Custom type guard
-function isString(value: unknown): value is string {
-  return typeof value === 'string'
-}
-
-// Assertion function
-function assertIsString(value: unknown): asserts value is string {
-  if (typeof value !== 'string') {
-    throw new Error('Not a string')
-  }
-}
-```
-
-## Discriminated Unions
-
-```typescript
-// With type discriminant
-type Success<T> = { type: 'success'; data: T }
-type Error = { type: 'error'; message: string }
-type Loading = { type: 'loading' }
-
-type State<T> = Success<T> | Error | Loading
-
-function handle<T>(state: State<T>) {
-  switch (state.type) {
-    case 'success':
-      return state.data  // T
-    case 'error':
-      return state.message  // string
-    case 'loading':
-      return null
-  }
-}
-
-// Exhaustive check
-function assertNever(value: never): never {
-  throw new Error(`Unexpected value: ${value}`)
-}
-```
-
-## Branded Types
-
-```typescript
-// Create branded type
-type Brand<K, T> = K & { __brand: T }
-
-type UserId = Brand<string, 'UserId'>
-type OrderId = Brand<string, 'OrderId'>
-
-// Constructor functions
-function createUserId(id: string): UserId {
-  return id as UserId
-}
-
-function createOrderId(id: string): OrderId {
-  return id as OrderId
-}
-
-// Usage - prevents mixing
-function getOrder(orderId: OrderId, userId: UserId) {}
-
-const userId = createUserId('user-123')
-const orderId = createOrderId('order-456')
-
-getOrder(orderId, userId)  // ✅ OK
-// getOrder(userId, orderId)  // ❌ Error - types don't match
-```
-
-## Module Declarations
-
-```typescript
-// Declare module for untyped package
-declare module 'untyped-package' {
-  export function doSomething(): void
-  export const value: string
-}
-
-// Augment existing module
-declare module 'express' {
-  interface Request {
-    user?: { id: string }
-  }
-}
-
-// Declare global
-declare global {
-  interface Window {
-    myGlobal: string
-  }
-}
-```
-
-## TSConfig Essentials
-
-```json
-{
-  "compilerOptions": {
-    // Strictness
-    "strict": true,
-    "noUncheckedIndexedAccess": true,
-    "noImplicitOverride": true,
-    
-    // Modules
-    "module": "ESNext",
-    "moduleResolution": "bundler",
-    "esModuleInterop": true,
-    
-    // Output
-    "target": "ES2022",
-    "lib": ["ES2022", "DOM"],
-    
-    // Performance
-    "skipLibCheck": true,
-    "incremental": true,
-    
-    // Paths
-    "baseUrl": ".",
-    "paths": {
-      "@/*": ["./src/*"]
-    }
-  }
-}
-```
-
-## Best Practices
-
-```typescript
-// ✅ Prefer interface for objects
-interface User {
-  name: string
-}
-
-// ✅ Use const assertions
-const routes = ['home', 'about'] as const
-
-// ✅ Use satisfies for validation
-const config = {
-  api: 'https://api.example.com'
-} satisfies Record<string, string>
-
-// ✅ Use unknown over any
-function parse(input: unknown) {
-  if (typeof input === 'string') {
-    return JSON.parse(input)
-  }
-}
-
-// ✅ Explicit return types for public APIs
-export function getUser(id: string): User | null {
-  // ...
-}
-
-// ❌ Avoid
-const data: any = fetchData()
-data.anything.goes.wrong  // No type safety
-```
+# TypeScript Cheatsheet
+
+## Type Basics
+
+```typescript
+// Primitives
+const name: string = 'John'
+const age: number = 30
+const isActive: boolean = true
+const nothing: null = null
+const notDefined: undefined = undefined
+
+// Arrays
+const numbers: number[] = [1, 2, 3]
+const strings: Array<string> = ['a', 'b', 'c']
+
+// Tuple
+const tuple: [string, number] = ['hello', 42]
+
+// Object
+const user: { name: string; age: number } = { name: 'John', age: 30 }
+
+// Union
+const value: string | number = 'hello'
+
+// Literal
+const direction: 'up' | 'down' | 'left' | 'right' = 'up'
+
+// Any vs Unknown
+const anyValue: any = 'anything'     // ❌ Avoid
+const unknownValue: unknown = 'safe' // ✅ Prefer, requires narrowing
+```
+
+## Type Aliases & Interfaces
+
+```typescript
+// Type Alias
+type Point = {
+  x: number
+  y: number
+}
+
+// Interface (preferred for objects)
+interface User {
+  id: string
+  name: string
+  email?: string  // Optional
+  readonly createdAt: Date  // Readonly
+}
+
+// Extending
+interface Admin extends User {
+  permissions: string[]
+}
+
+// Intersection
+type AdminUser = User & { permissions: string[] }
+```
+
+## Generics
+
+```typescript
+// Generic function
+function identity<T>(value: T): T {
+  return value
+}
+
+// Generic with constraint
+function getLength<T extends { length: number }>(item: T): number {
+  return item.length
+}
+
+// Generic interface
+interface ApiResponse<T> {
+  data: T
+  status: number
+  message: string
+}
+
+// Generic with default
+type Container<T = string> = {
+  value: T
+}
+
+// Multiple generics
+function merge<T, U>(obj1: T, obj2: U): T & U {
+  return { ...obj1, ...obj2 }
+}
+```
+
+## Utility Types
+
+```typescript
+interface User {
+  id: string
+  name: string
+  email: string
+  age: number
+}
+
+// Partial - all optional
+type PartialUser = Partial<User>
+
+// Required - all required
+type RequiredUser = Required<User>
+
+// Readonly - all readonly
+type ReadonlyUser = Readonly<User>
+
+// Pick - select properties
+type UserName = Pick<User, 'id' | 'name'>
+
+// Omit - exclude properties
+type UserWithoutEmail = Omit<User, 'email'>
+
+// Record - key-value map
+type UserMap = Record<string, User>
+
+// Extract - extract from union
+type StringOrNumber = string | number | boolean
+type OnlyStrings = Extract<StringOrNumber, string>
+
+// Exclude - exclude from union
+type NotString = Exclude<StringOrNumber, string>
+
+// NonNullable - remove null/undefined
+type MaybeString = string | null | undefined
+type DefinitelyString = NonNullable<MaybeString>
+
+// ReturnType - get function return type
+function getUser() { return { name: 'John' } }
+type UserReturn = ReturnType<typeof getUser>
+
+// Parameters - get function parameters
+type GetUserParams = Parameters<typeof getUser>
+
+// Awaited - unwrap Promise
+type ResolvedUser = Awaited<Promise<User>>
+```
+
+## Conditional Types
+
+```typescript
+// Basic conditional
+type IsString<T> = T extends string ? true : false
+
+// Infer keyword
+type UnwrapPromise<T> = T extends Promise<infer U> ? U : T
+
+// Distributive conditional
+type ToArray<T> = T extends any ? T[] : never
+type Result = ToArray<string | number>  // string[] | number[]
+
+// NonDistributive
+type ToArrayNonDist<T> = [T] extends [any] ? T[] : never
+```
+
+## Template Literal Types
+
+```typescript
+type Color = 'red' | 'green' | 'blue'
+type Size = 'small' | 'medium' | 'large'
+
+// Combine
+type ColorSize = `${Color}-${Size}`
+// 'red-small' | 'red-medium' | 'red-large' | ...
+
+// Event handlers
+type EventName = 'click' | 'focus' | 'blur'
+type EventHandler = `on${Capitalize<EventName>}`
+// 'onClick' | 'onFocus' | 'onBlur'
+```
+
+## Mapped Types
+
+```typescript
+// Basic mapped type
+type Optional<T> = {
+  [K in keyof T]?: T[K]
+}
+
+// With key remapping
+type Getters<T> = {
+  [K in keyof T as `get${Capitalize<string & K>}`]: () => T[K]
+}
+
+// Filter keys
+type OnlyStrings<T> = {
+  [K in keyof T as T[K] extends string ? K : never]: T[K]
+}
+```
+
+## Type Guards
+
+```typescript
+// typeof guard
+function process(value: string | number) {
+  if (typeof value === 'string') {
+    return value.toUpperCase()  // string
+  }
+  return value.toFixed(2)  // number
+}
+
+// instanceof guard
+class Dog { bark() {} }
+class Cat { meow() {} }
+
+function makeSound(animal: Dog | Cat) {
+  if (animal instanceof Dog) {
+    animal.bark()
+  } else {
+    animal.meow()
+  }
+}
+
+// in guard
+interface Bird { fly(): void }
+interface Fish { swim(): void }
+
+function move(animal: Bird | Fish) {
+  if ('fly' in animal) {
+    animal.fly()
+  } else {
+    animal.swim()
+  }
+}
+
+// Custom type guard
+function isString(value: unknown): value is string {
+  return typeof value === 'string'
+}
+
+// Assertion function
+function assertIsString(value: unknown): asserts value is string {
+  if (typeof value !== 'string') {
+    throw new Error('Not a string')
+  }
+}
+```
+
+## Discriminated Unions
+
+```typescript
+// With type discriminant
+type Success<T> = { type: 'success'; data: T }
+type Error = { type: 'error'; message: string }
+type Loading = { type: 'loading' }
+
+type State<T> = Success<T> | Error | Loading
+
+function handle<T>(state: State<T>) {
+  switch (state.type) {
+    case 'success':
+      return state.data  // T
+    case 'error':
+      return state.message  // string
+    case 'loading':
+      return null
+  }
+}
+
+// Exhaustive check
+function assertNever(value: never): never {
+  throw new Error(`Unexpected value: ${value}`)
+}
+```
+
+## Branded Types
+
+```typescript
+// Create branded type
+type Brand<K, T> = K & { __brand: T }
+
+type UserId = Brand<string, 'UserId'>
+type OrderId = Brand<string, 'OrderId'>
+
+// Constructor functions
+function createUserId(id: string): UserId {
+  return id as UserId
+}
+
+function createOrderId(id: string): OrderId {
+  return id as OrderId
+}
+
+// Usage - prevents mixing
+function getOrder(orderId: OrderId, userId: UserId) {}
+
+const userId = createUserId('user-123')
+const orderId = createOrderId('order-456')
+
+getOrder(orderId, userId)  // ✅ OK
+// getOrder(userId, orderId)  // ❌ Error - types don't match
+```
+
+## Module Declarations
+
+```typescript
+// Declare module for untyped package
+declare module 'untyped-package' {
+  export function doSomething(): void
+  export const value: string
+}
+
+// Augment existing module
+declare module 'express' {
+  interface Request {
+    user?: { id: string }
+  }
+}
+
+// Declare global
+declare global {
+  interface Window {
+    myGlobal: string
+  }
+}
+```
+
+## TSConfig Essentials
+
+```json
+{
+  "compilerOptions": {
+    // Strictness
+    "strict": true,
+    "noUncheckedIndexedAccess": true,
+    "noImplicitOverride": true,
+    
+    // Modules
+    "module": "ESNext",
+    "moduleResolution": "bundler",
+    "esModuleInterop": true,
+    
+    // Output
+    "target": "ES2022",
+    "lib": ["ES2022", "DOM"],
+    
+    // Performance
+    "skipLibCheck": true,
+    "incremental": true,
+    
+    // Paths
+    "baseUrl": ".",
+    "paths": {
+      "@/*": ["./src/*"]
+    }
+  }
+}
+```
+
+## Best Practices
+
+```typescript
+// ✅ Prefer interface for objects
+interface User {
+  name: string
+}
+
+// ✅ Use const assertions
+const routes = ['home', 'about'] as const
+
+// ✅ Use satisfies for validation
+const config = {
+  api: 'https://api.example.com'
+} satisfies Record<string, string>
+
+// ✅ Use unknown over any
+function parse(input: unknown) {
+  if (typeof input === 'string') {
+    return JSON.parse(input)
+  }
+}
+
+// ✅ Explicit return types for public APIs
+export function getUser(id: string): User | null {
+  // ...
+}
+
+// ❌ Avoid
+const data: any = fetchData()
+data.anything.goes.wrong  // No type safety
+```