@forgeax/engine-runtime 0.1.23 → 0.1.25

package/src/__tests__/skin-m2-extract-skeleton-error.cases.unit.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,585 @@
+// @ts-nocheck — merged file: indexed-access checks cascade across noUncheckedIndexedAccess for blocks originally outside src/ rootDir
+// Consolidated by feat-20260609-test-pool-startup-reduction-merge-tiny-test-files
+// biome-ignore-all lint/complexity/noUselessLoneBlockStatements: block-scope isolation between merged source files (consolidation paradigm)
+//
+// Source files (N=44):
+//   - packages/runtime/__tests__/antialias-from-f32.test.ts
+//   - packages/runtime/src/__tests__/bloom-gating.test.ts
+//   - packages/runtime/src/__tests__/camera-antialias.test.ts
+//   - packages/runtime/src/__tests__/camera-bloom.test.ts
+//   - packages/runtime/src/__tests__/camera-clear-schema.test.ts
+//   - packages/runtime/src/__tests__/camera-ortho.test.ts
+//   - packages/runtime/src/__tests__/fxaa-intermediate-texture.test.ts
+//   - packages/runtime/src/__tests__/fxaa-pipeline.test.ts
+//   - packages/runtime/src/__tests__/ibl-pipeline-cache.test.ts
+//   - packages/runtime/src/__tests__/ibl-runtime-probe.test.ts
+//   - packages/runtime/src/__tests__/render-system-record-warn-once.test.ts
+//   - packages/runtime/src/__tests__/shadow-skip-non-triangle.test.ts
+//   - packages/runtime/src/__tests__/skin-errors-kebab-case.test.ts
+//   - packages/runtime/src/__tests__/skybox-error.test.ts
+//   - packages/runtime/src/__tests__/skybox-shader-compile.test.ts
+//   - packages/runtime/src/__tests__/skylight-bind-group.test.ts
+//   - packages/runtime/src/__tests__/skylight-component.test.ts
+//   - packages/runtime/src/__tests__/skylight-fallback-path.test.ts
+//   - packages/runtime/src/__tests__/skylight-pipeline-layout.test.ts
+//   - packages/runtime/src/__tests__/tonemap-hdr-target.test.ts
+//   - packages/runtime/src/__tests__/tonemap-pipeline-split.test.ts
+//   - packages/runtime/src/__tests__/zero-camera-clear-fallback.test.ts
+//   - packages/runtime/src/components/__tests__/skin.test.ts
+//   - packages/runtime/src/systems/__tests__/advance-animation-player.test.ts
+//   - packages/runtime/src/systems/__tests__/graph-skybox.test.ts
+//   - packages/runtime/src/systems/__tests__/propagate-transforms.test.ts
+//   - packages/runtime/src/systems/__tests__/skin-cap-gate.test.ts
+//   - packages/runtime/src/systems/__tests__/skin-instances-coexist.test.ts
+//   - packages/runtime/src/systems/__tests__/skin-palette-extract.test.ts
+//   - packages/runtime/src/systems/__tests__/skin-pipeline-routing.test.ts
+//   - packages/runtime/src/systems/__tests__/skybox-extract.test.ts
+//   - packages/runtime/src/systems/__tests__/sprite-animation-tick-boundary.test.ts
+//   - packages/runtime/src/systems/__tests__/sprite-animation-tick-clamp.test.ts
+//   - packages/runtime/src/systems/__tests__/sprite-animation-tick-frame-duration-negative.test.ts
+//   - packages/runtime/src/systems/__tests__/sprite-animation-tick-frame-duration-zero.test.ts
+//   - packages/runtime/src/systems/__tests__/sprite-animation-tick-loop.test.ts
+//   - packages/runtime/src/systems/__tests__/sprite-animation-tick-override-probe.test.ts
+//   - packages/runtime/src/systems/__tests__/sprite-animation-tick-regions-mismatch.test.ts
+//   - packages/runtime/src/systems/__tests__/tonemap.test.ts
+//   - packages/runtime/src/systems/__tests__/transparent-sort-config-get.test.ts
+//   - packages/runtime/src/systems/__tests__/transparent-sort-config-set.test.ts
+//   - packages/runtime/src/systems/__tests__/transparent-sort.test.ts
+//   - packages/runtime/src/__tests__/render-system-multi-material.test.ts
+//   - packages/runtime/src/__tests__/render-system-record-submesh.test.ts
+//
+// Paradigm: each block-scope wraps a source file. ancestorTitles[0] is the
+// source-preserved inner describe (NOT the source filename for these 3 files
+// — recovery path: vitest report ancestorTitles -> grep this file -> upstream
+// `// ─── from <name>.test.ts ───` block separator -> source filename).
+// Top-level imports merged + deduped.
+
+import { readFileSync } from 'node:fs';
+import { resolve } from 'node:path';
+import { fileURLToPath } from 'node:url';
+import { AnimationPlayer } from '@forgeax/engine-animation';
+import type { AssetRuntimeErrorCode } from '@forgeax/engine-assets-runtime';
+import { AssetRegistry } from '@forgeax/engine-assets-runtime';
+import type { EntityHandle, World as WorldType } from '@forgeax/engine-ecs';
+import { ENTITY_NULL_RAW, World } from '@forgeax/engine-ecs';
+import { SpriteAnimationInvalidError } from '@forgeax/engine-ecs/projection';
+import { mat4, vec3 } from '@forgeax/engine-math';
+import type { RenderErrorCode, Renderer as RendererType } from '@forgeax/engine-render';
+import {
+  ANTIALIAS_FXAA,
+  ANTIALIAS_NONE,
+  BLOOM_DISABLED,
+  BLOOM_ENABLED,
+  CAMERA_PROJECTION_ORTHOGRAPHIC,
+  CAMERA_PROJECTION_PERSPECTIVE,
+  Camera,
+  MeshFilter,
+  MeshRenderer,
+  SkyboxBackground,
+  Skylight,
+} from '@forgeax/engine-render';
+import type { BindGroupEntry, Buffer, Sampler, Texture, TextureView } from '@forgeax/engine-rhi';
+import { ok as rhiOk } from '@forgeax/engine-rhi';
+import { ChildOf, Name, propagateTransforms, Transform } from '@forgeax/engine-scene';
+import { TONEMAP_LUMINANCE_EPSILON } from '@forgeax/engine-shader';
+import type { SkinErrorCode } from '@forgeax/engine-skinning';
+import {
+  Skin,
+  SkinInstancesCoexistForbiddenError,
+  SkinJointCountExceededError,
+  SkinJointDespawnedError,
+  SkinJointPathUnresolvedError,
+} from '@forgeax/engine-skinning';
+import type {
+  Handle,
+  MaterialAsset,
+  MeshAsset,
+  SkeletonAsset,
+  TextureFormat,
+} from '@forgeax/engine-types';
+import { toShared } from '@forgeax/engine-types';
+import { afterEach, beforeAll, beforeEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from 'vitest';
+import { worldInternal } from '../../../ecs/src/world-internal';
+import {
+  SPRITE_PLAYBACK_MODE_CLAMP,
+  SPRITE_PLAYBACK_MODE_LOOP,
+  SpriteAnimation,
+  SpriteRegionOverride,
+} from '../../../render/src/components';
+import {
+  type CameraProjection,
+  cameraProjectionFromF32,
+} from '../../../render/src/components/camera';
+import {
+  assembleMaterialWithSkylightEntries,
+  createSkylightFallback,
+  mergeSkylightIntoMaterialBgl,
+} from '../../../render/src/ibl/skylight-bind-group';
+import { buildPbrPipelineLayouts, buildUnlitMaterialBgl } from '../../../render/src/pbr-pipeline';
+import { INSTANCE_STORAGE_STRIDE_FLOATS } from '../../../render/src/record/mesh-ssbo';
+import { selectSwapChainFormat } from '../../../render/src/render-system';
+import { createSkinPaletteAllocator } from '../../../render/src/systems/skin-palette-allocator';
+import type { TransparentEntry } from '../../../render/src/systems/transparent-sort-config';
+import { standardMaterialShaderVariants } from './helpers/standard-material-manifest';
+import { drawWithOwners } from './renderer-test-utils';
+
+function componentFieldType(component: { fields: Record<string, { type: string }> }, name: string) {
+  return component.fields[name]?.type;
+}
+
+function componentFieldDefault(
+  component: { fields: Record<string, { default?: unknown }> },
+  name: string,
+) {
+  return component.fields[name]?.default;
+}
+
+function componentSchemaTypes(component: { fields: Record<string, { type: string }> }) {
+  return Object.fromEntries(
+    Object.entries(component.fields).map(([name, field]) => [name, field.type]),
+  );
+}
+
+afterEach(() => vi.restoreAllMocks());
+
+type RendererErrorObservation = {
+  readonly code: string;
+  readonly detail?: unknown;
+  readonly hint?: string;
+};
+
+function unwrapRendererError(value: unknown): RendererErrorObservation {
+  let current = value as RendererErrorObservation;
+  while (
+    current.detail !== undefined &&
+    typeof current.detail === 'object' &&
+    current.detail !== null
+  ) {
+    const cause = (current.detail as { cause?: unknown }).cause;
+    if (
+      cause === undefined ||
+      typeof cause !== 'object' ||
+      cause === null ||
+      typeof (cause as { code?: unknown }).code !== 'string'
+    ) {
+      break;
+    }
+    current = cause as RendererErrorObservation;
+  }
+  return current;
+}
+
+function subscribeRendererErrors(
+  renderer: RendererType,
+  listener: (error: RendererErrorObservation) => void,
+): () => void {
+  return renderer.subscribe((event) => {
+    if (event.kind === 'error') listener(unwrapRendererError(event.error));
+  });
+}
+
+function drawPublished(renderer: RendererType, world: WorldType) {
+  const attached = renderer.attach(world);
+  if (!attached.ok) throw attached.error;
+  world.update().unwrap();
+  return drawWithOwners(renderer, world);
+}
+
+// feat-20260704-runtime-tier1-decomposition M2 / w12: reconstitute the
+// eliminated top-level RuntimeErrorCode aggregate union (D-3) as a test-local
+// alias so the exhaustive-switch bodies below stay byte-identical (AC-09).
+type RuntimeLayerErrorCode = RenderErrorCode | AssetRuntimeErrorCode | SkinErrorCode;
+
+import {
+  AnimationTargetId,
+  bindAnimationTargets,
+  advanceAnimationPlayer as canonicalAdvanceAnimationPlayer,
+} from '@forgeax/engine-animation';
+import { deriveAnimationTargetId } from '@forgeax/engine-animation/target-id';
+import { DeviceScope } from '../../../render/src/device/device-scope';
+import { GpuBuffer } from '../../../render/src/gpu-resource';
+import { getOrCreateIblCache, hasIblCache } from '../../../render/src/ibl/IblPipelineCache';
+import {
+  disposeInstanceBuffers,
+  type InstanceBufferCacheEntry,
+} from '../../../render/src/instance-buffer-cache';
+import { standardPipeline as urpPipeline } from '../../../render/src/pipeline/standard-pipeline';
+import { ZERO_CAMERA_CLEAR_FALLBACK } from '../../../render/src/record/frame-snapshot';
+import {
+  warnMultiLightDirectional,
+  warnMultiLightPoint,
+  warnMultiLightSpot,
+} from '../../../render/src/record/helpers';
+import type { CameraSnapshot } from '../../../render/src/render-contract';
+import {
+  type ExtractedLights,
+  extractFrame,
+  extractFrames,
+  prepareExtractContext,
+} from '../../../render/src/render-system-extract';
+import {
+  getTransparentSortConfig,
+  setTransparentSortConfig,
+  TRANSPARENT_SORT_CONFIG_KEY,
+  TRANSPARENT_SORT_MODE_LAYER_Y,
+  TRANSPARENT_SORT_MODE_LAYER_YZ,
+  TRANSPARENT_SORT_MODE_LAYER_Z,
+} from '../../../render/src/systems/transparent-sort-config';
+import { spriteAnimationTickSystem } from '../systems/sprite-animation-tick';
+import { REC709_LUMA_WEIGHTS, tonemapReinhardLuminance } from '../systems/tonemap';
+import { transparentSortEntries } from '../systems/transparent-sort';
+import { makeMockShaderRegistry } from './helpers/mock-shader-registry';
+
+void [
+  ANTIALIAS_FXAA,
+  ANTIALIAS_NONE,
+  AnimationPlayer,
+  AnimationTargetId,
+  AssetRegistry,
+  BLOOM_DISABLED,
+  BLOOM_ENABLED,
+  CAMERA_PROJECTION_ORTHOGRAPHIC,
+  CAMERA_PROJECTION_PERSPECTIVE,
+  Camera,
+  ChildOf,
+  DeviceScope,
+  ENTITY_NULL_RAW,
+  GpuBuffer,
+  INSTANCE_STORAGE_STRIDE_FLOATS,
+  MeshFilter,
+  MeshRenderer,
+  Name,
+  REC709_LUMA_WEIGHTS,
+  SPRITE_PLAYBACK_MODE_CLAMP,
+  SPRITE_PLAYBACK_MODE_LOOP,
+  Skin,
+  SkinInstancesCoexistForbiddenError,
+  SkinJointCountExceededError,
+  SkinJointDespawnedError,
+  SkinJointPathUnresolvedError,
+  SkyboxBackground,
+  Skylight,
+  SpriteAnimation,
+  SpriteAnimationInvalidError,
+  SpriteRegionOverride,
+  TONEMAP_LUMINANCE_EPSILON,
+  TRANSPARENT_SORT_CONFIG_KEY,
+  TRANSPARENT_SORT_MODE_LAYER_Y,
+  TRANSPARENT_SORT_MODE_LAYER_YZ,
+  TRANSPARENT_SORT_MODE_LAYER_Z,
+  Transform,
+  World,
+  ZERO_CAMERA_CLEAR_FALLBACK,
+  afterEach,
+  assembleMaterialWithSkylightEntries,
+  beforeAll,
+  beforeEach,
+  bindAnimationTargets,
+  buildPbrPipelineLayouts,
+  buildUnlitMaterialBgl,
+  cameraProjectionFromF32,
+  canonicalAdvanceAnimationPlayer,
+  componentFieldDefault,
+  componentFieldType,
+  componentSchemaTypes,
+  createSkinPaletteAllocator,
+  createSkylightFallback,
+  deriveAnimationTargetId,
+  describe,
+  disposeInstanceBuffers,
+  drawPublished,
+  drawWithOwners,
+  expect,
+  extractFrame,
+  extractFrames,
+  fileURLToPath,
+  getOrCreateIblCache,
+  getTransparentSortConfig,
+  hasIblCache,
+  it,
+  makeMockShaderRegistry,
+  mat4,
+  mergeSkylightIntoMaterialBgl,
+  prepareExtractContext,
+  propagateTransforms,
+  readFileSync,
+  resolve,
+  rhiOk,
+  selectSwapChainFormat,
+  setTransparentSortConfig,
+  spriteAnimationTickSystem,
+  standardMaterialShaderVariants,
+  subscribeRendererErrors,
+  toShared,
+  tonemapReinhardLuminance,
+  transparentSortEntries,
+  unwrapRendererError,
+  urpPipeline,
+  vec3,
+  vi,
+  warnMultiLightDirectional,
+  warnMultiLightPoint,
+  warnMultiLightSpot,
+  worldInternal,
+];
+type __MergedKeep =
+  | AssetRuntimeErrorCode
+  | BindGroupEntry
+  | Buffer
+  | CameraProjection
+  | CameraSnapshot
+  | EntityHandle
+  | ExtractedLights
+  | Handle
+  | InstanceBufferCacheEntry
+  | MaterialAsset
+  | MeshAsset
+  | RenderErrorCode
+  | RendererErrorObservation
+  | RendererType
+  | RuntimeLayerErrorCode
+  | Sampler
+  | SkeletonAsset
+  | SkinErrorCode
+  | Texture
+  | TextureFormat
+  | TextureView
+  | TransparentEntry
+  | WorldType;
+
+// Split source block: skin M2 skeleton resolve error path.
+// ── feat-20260612-skin-palette-per-frame-upload M2: extractFrame hasSkin ──
+// Helpers shared by m2-1..m2-4 tests covering the T-21 placeholder retirement
+// (real allocator wiring + 3 new SkinExtractErrorCode routings + assets===null
+// bind-pose equivalence).
+
+const SKIN_M2_AABB = new Float32Array([-1, -1, -1, 1, 1, 1]);
+// Skinned: 18 floats / vertex × 3 vertices = 54 (12 base + skinIndex u16x4 packed in 2 floats at slots 12-13 + skinWeight vec4 at slots 14-17).
+// validateMeshPayload (asset-registry feat: validateMeshPayload skin-aware stride) rejects skin meshes at the 12F stride.
+const SKIN_M2_TRIANGLE_VERTICES = new Float32Array([
+  // v0: pos (0,0,0) | normal (0,0,1) | uv (0,0) | tangent (0,0,0,1) | skin (0,0) | weight (0,0,0,0)
+  0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+  // v1: pos (1,0,0) | normal (0,0,1) | uv (1,0) | tangent (0,0,0,1) | skin (0,0) | weight (0,0,0,0)
+  1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+  // v2: pos (0,1,0) | normal (0,0,1) | uv (0,1) | tangent (0,0,0,1) | skin (0,0) | weight (0,0,0,0)
+  0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+]);
+const SKIN_M2_TRIANGLE_POSITIONS = new Float32Array([0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0]);
+
+const SKIN_M2_IDENTITY_TRANSFORM = {
+  pos: [0, 0, 0],
+  quat: [0, 0, 0, 1],
+  scale: [1, 1, 1],
+} as const;
+
+function makeSkinM2AssetRegistry(): AssetRegistry {
+  const shaderRegistry = makeMockShaderRegistry();
+  shaderRegistry.installMaterialArtifact('forgeax::pbr-skin', {
+    source: 'fn main() {}',
+    paramSchema: [
+      { name: 'baseColor', type: 'color', default: [1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0] },
+      { name: 'metallic', type: 'f32', default: 0.0 },
+      { name: 'roughness', type: 'f32', default: 0.5 },
+    ],
+  });
+  return new AssetRegistry(shaderRegistry);
+}
+
+function registerSkinM2Mesh(world: World): Handle<'MeshAsset', 'shared'> {
+  return world.allocSharedRef<'MeshAsset', MeshAsset>('MeshAsset', {
+    kind: 'mesh',
+    vertices: SKIN_M2_TRIANGLE_VERTICES,
+    indices: new Uint16Array([0, 1, 2]),
+    attributes: {
+      position: SKIN_M2_TRIANGLE_POSITIONS,
+      skinIndex: new Uint16Array([0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]),
+      skinWeight: new Float32Array([1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0]),
+    },
+    aabb: SKIN_M2_AABB,
+    materialSlots: [{ slotName: 'Default' }],
+    submeshes: [
+      {
+        indexOffset: 0,
+        indexCount: 3,
+        vertexCount: 3,
+        materialSlot: 0,
+        topology: 'triangle-list',
+      },
+    ],
+  });
+}
+
+function registerSkinM2PbrSkinMaterial(world: World): Handle<'MaterialAsset', 'shared'> {
+  return world.allocSharedRef<'MaterialAsset', MaterialAsset>('MaterialAsset', {
+    kind: 'material',
+    passes: [
+      {
+        name: 'Forward',
+        program: { module: 'forgeax::pbr-skin' },
+        renderState: { tags: { LightMode: 'Forward' }, queue: 2000 },
+      },
+    ],
+    values: { baseColor: [1, 1, 1] },
+  });
+}
+
+function registerSkinM2Skeleton(
+  world: World,
+  jointCount: number,
+): Handle<'SkeletonAsset', 'shared'> {
+  const ibm = new Float32Array(jointCount * 16);
+  for (let j = 0; j < jointCount; j++) {
+    ibm[j * 16 + 0] = 1;
+    ibm[j * 16 + 5] = 1;
+    ibm[j * 16 + 10] = 1;
+    ibm[j * 16 + 15] = 1;
+  }
+  return world.allocSharedRef<'SkeletonAsset', SkeletonAsset>('SkeletonAsset', {
+    kind: 'skeleton',
+    inverseBindMatrices: ibm,
+    jointCount,
+  });
+}
+
+function spawnSkinM2Camera(world: World): void {
+  world
+    .spawn(
+      { component: Transform, data: { ...SKIN_M2_IDENTITY_TRANSFORM, pos: [0, 0, 5] } },
+      {
+        component: Camera,
+        data: {
+          fov: Math.PI / 4,
+          aspect: 1,
+          near: 0.1,
+          far: 100,
+          projection: 0,
+          left: -1,
+          right: 1,
+          bottom: -1,
+          top: 1,
+        },
+      },
+    )
+    .unwrap();
+}
+
+function spawnSkinM2Joint(world: World): EntityHandle {
+  return world
+    .spawn({ component: Transform, data: SKIN_M2_IDENTITY_TRANSFORM })
+    .unwrap() as unknown as EntityHandle;
+}
+
+function spawnSkinM2SkinnedEntity(
+  world: World,
+  meshHandle: Handle<'MeshAsset', 'shared'>,
+  matHandle: Handle<'MaterialAsset', 'shared'>,
+  skeletonHandle: Handle<'SkeletonAsset', 'shared'>,
+  jointEntities: readonly EntityHandle[],
+): EntityHandle {
+  const joints = new Uint32Array(jointEntities.length);
+  for (let j = 0; j < jointEntities.length; j++) {
+    joints[j] = jointEntities[j] as unknown as number;
+  }
+  return world
+    .spawn(
+      { component: Transform, data: SKIN_M2_IDENTITY_TRANSFORM },
+      { component: MeshFilter, data: { assetHandle: meshHandle } },
+      { component: MeshRenderer, data: { materials: [matHandle] } },
+      { component: Skin, data: { skeleton: skeletonHandle, joints } },
+    )
+    .unwrap() as unknown as EntityHandle;
+}
+
+type SkinM2StubAllocator = {
+  buffer: null;
+  allocateSlice(jointCount: number): { jointCount: number; byteOffset: number };
+  writeJointPalette(
+    slice: { jointCount: number; byteOffset: number },
+    ibms: readonly Float32Array[],
+    jointWorlds: readonly Float32Array[],
+  ): void;
+  resetForFrame(): void;
+  _resetCount(): number;
+  _writeCount(): number;
+};
+
+function makeSkinM2StubAllocator(): SkinM2StubAllocator {
+  let cursor = 0;
+  let resetCount = 0;
+  let writeCount = 0;
+  return {
+    buffer: null,
+    allocateSlice(jointCount: number) {
+      const offset = cursor;
+      // 256-aligned bump (mirrors real allocator dyn-offset alignment).
+      cursor = (cursor + jointCount * 64 + 255) & ~255;
+      return { jointCount, byteOffset: offset };
+    },
+    writeJointPalette() {
+      writeCount++;
+    },
+    resetForFrame() {
+      cursor = 0;
+      resetCount++;
+    },
+    _resetCount: () => resetCount,
+    _writeCount: () => writeCount,
+  };
+}
+
+type ExtractFramesWithPipeline = (
+  worlds: readonly World[],
+  owner: number,
+  a: AssetRegistry | null,
+  p: { skinPaletteAllocator: SkinM2StubAllocator },
+) => ReturnType<typeof extractFrames>;
+
+{
+  // --- m2-3: skeleton-resolve-failed routing + continue ---
+  describe('feat-20260612 M2 / m2-3: skeleton-resolve-failed routing', () => {
+    it('Skin.skeleton points at unregistered handle -> _routeError(skeleton-resolve-failed) + continue (m2-3)', () => {
+      const world = new World();
+      const assets = makeSkinM2AssetRegistry();
+      const meshHandle = registerSkinM2Mesh(world);
+      const matHandle = registerSkinM2PbrSkinMaterial(world);
+      const skeletonHandleGood = registerSkinM2Skeleton(world, 1);
+      // Synthesize an unregistered skeleton handle: a numeric id (>= BUILTIN_BASE)
+      // that was never minted in world.sharedRefs. resolveAssetHandle(world, handle)
+      // on this handle returns asset-not-found.
+      const skeletonHandleMissing = registerSkinM2Skeleton(world, 1);
+      spawnSkinM2Camera(world);
+      const jointBad = spawnSkinM2Joint(world);
+      const jointGood = spawnSkinM2Joint(world);
+      // Bad-skin entity (skeleton handle dangling).
+      spawnSkinM2SkinnedEntity(world, meshHandle, matHandle, skeletonHandleMissing, [jointBad]);
+      // Simulate a producer releasing a payload while ECS still contains the
+      // handle. Normal ECS writes reject stale handles before they reach the
+      // render extractor; this preserves the extractor's recovery regression.
+      world.sharedRefs.release(skeletonHandleMissing);
+      world.sharedRefs.release(skeletonHandleMissing);
+      // Sibling well-formed skinned entity in the same frame.
+      spawnSkinM2SkinnedEntity(world, meshHandle, matHandle, skeletonHandleGood, [jointGood]);
+      propagateTransforms(world);
+
+      const allocator = makeSkinM2StubAllocator();
+      const pipelineState = { skinPaletteAllocator: allocator };
+      const errorSpy = vi.spyOn(console, 'error').mockImplementation(() => undefined);
+
+      const frame = (extractFrames as unknown as ExtractFramesWithPipeline)(
+        [world],
+        0,
+        assets,
+        pipelineState,
+      );
+
+      // Exactly one error: skeleton-resolve-failed for the bad entity.
+      expect(errorSpy).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+      const [ctxArg, errArg] = errorSpy.mock.calls[0] ?? [];
+      expect((errArg as { code: string }).code).toBe('skeleton-resolve-failed');
+      expect(String(ctxArg)).toContain('skeleton-resolve-failed');
+      // continue semantics: sibling well-formed entity still emerges with skin.
+      const skinned = frame.renderables.filter((r) => r.skin !== undefined);
+      expect(skinned.length).toBe(1);
+    });
+  });
+}