@forgeax/engine-runtime 0.1.23 → 0.1.25

package/src/__tests__/advance-animation-player.cases.unit.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,1666 @@
+// @ts-nocheck — merged file: indexed-access checks cascade across noUncheckedIndexedAccess for blocks originally outside src/ rootDir
+// Consolidated by feat-20260609-test-pool-startup-reduction-merge-tiny-test-files
+// biome-ignore-all lint/complexity/noUselessLoneBlockStatements: block-scope isolation between merged source files (consolidation paradigm)
+//
+// Source files (N=44):
+//   - packages/runtime/__tests__/antialias-from-f32.test.ts
+//   - packages/runtime/src/__tests__/bloom-gating.test.ts
+//   - packages/runtime/src/__tests__/camera-antialias.test.ts
+//   - packages/runtime/src/__tests__/camera-bloom.test.ts
+//   - packages/runtime/src/__tests__/camera-clear-schema.test.ts
+//   - packages/runtime/src/__tests__/camera-ortho.test.ts
+//   - packages/runtime/src/__tests__/fxaa-intermediate-texture.test.ts
+//   - packages/runtime/src/__tests__/fxaa-pipeline.test.ts
+//   - packages/runtime/src/__tests__/ibl-pipeline-cache.test.ts
+//   - packages/runtime/src/__tests__/ibl-runtime-probe.test.ts
+//   - packages/runtime/src/__tests__/render-system-record-warn-once.test.ts
+//   - packages/runtime/src/__tests__/shadow-skip-non-triangle.test.ts
+//   - packages/runtime/src/__tests__/skin-errors-kebab-case.test.ts
+//   - packages/runtime/src/__tests__/skybox-error.test.ts
+//   - packages/runtime/src/__tests__/skybox-shader-compile.test.ts
+//   - packages/runtime/src/__tests__/skylight-bind-group.test.ts
+//   - packages/runtime/src/__tests__/skylight-component.test.ts
+//   - packages/runtime/src/__tests__/skylight-fallback-path.test.ts
+//   - packages/runtime/src/__tests__/skylight-pipeline-layout.test.ts
+//   - packages/runtime/src/__tests__/tonemap-hdr-target.test.ts
+//   - packages/runtime/src/__tests__/tonemap-pipeline-split.test.ts
+//   - packages/runtime/src/__tests__/zero-camera-clear-fallback.test.ts
+//   - packages/runtime/src/components/__tests__/skin.test.ts
+//   - packages/runtime/src/systems/__tests__/advance-animation-player.test.ts
+//   - packages/runtime/src/systems/__tests__/graph-skybox.test.ts
+//   - packages/runtime/src/systems/__tests__/propagate-transforms.test.ts
+//   - packages/runtime/src/systems/__tests__/skin-cap-gate.test.ts
+//   - packages/runtime/src/systems/__tests__/skin-instances-coexist.test.ts
+//   - packages/runtime/src/systems/__tests__/skin-palette-extract.test.ts
+//   - packages/runtime/src/systems/__tests__/skin-pipeline-routing.test.ts
+//   - packages/runtime/src/systems/__tests__/skybox-extract.test.ts
+//   - packages/runtime/src/systems/__tests__/sprite-animation-tick-boundary.test.ts
+//   - packages/runtime/src/systems/__tests__/sprite-animation-tick-clamp.test.ts
+//   - packages/runtime/src/systems/__tests__/sprite-animation-tick-frame-duration-negative.test.ts
+//   - packages/runtime/src/systems/__tests__/sprite-animation-tick-frame-duration-zero.test.ts
+//   - packages/runtime/src/systems/__tests__/sprite-animation-tick-loop.test.ts
+//   - packages/runtime/src/systems/__tests__/sprite-animation-tick-override-probe.test.ts
+//   - packages/runtime/src/systems/__tests__/sprite-animation-tick-regions-mismatch.test.ts
+//   - packages/runtime/src/systems/__tests__/tonemap.test.ts
+//   - packages/runtime/src/systems/__tests__/transparent-sort-config-get.test.ts
+//   - packages/runtime/src/systems/__tests__/transparent-sort-config-set.test.ts
+//   - packages/runtime/src/systems/__tests__/transparent-sort.test.ts
+//   - packages/runtime/src/__tests__/render-system-multi-material.test.ts
+//   - packages/runtime/src/__tests__/render-system-record-submesh.test.ts
+//
+// Paradigm: each block-scope wraps a source file. ancestorTitles[0] is the
+// source-preserved inner describe (NOT the source filename for these 3 files
+// — recovery path: vitest report ancestorTitles -> grep this file -> upstream
+// `// ─── from <name>.test.ts ───` block separator -> source filename).
+// Top-level imports merged + deduped.
+
+import { readFileSync } from 'node:fs';
+import { resolve } from 'node:path';
+import { fileURLToPath } from 'node:url';
+import { AnimationPlayer } from '@forgeax/engine-animation';
+import type { AssetRuntimeErrorCode } from '@forgeax/engine-assets-runtime';
+import { AssetRegistry } from '@forgeax/engine-assets-runtime';
+import type { EntityHandle, World as WorldType } from '@forgeax/engine-ecs';
+import { ENTITY_NULL_RAW, World } from '@forgeax/engine-ecs';
+import { SpriteAnimationInvalidError } from '@forgeax/engine-ecs/projection';
+import { mat4, vec3 } from '@forgeax/engine-math';
+import type { RenderErrorCode, Renderer as RendererType } from '@forgeax/engine-render';
+import {
+  ANTIALIAS_FXAA,
+  ANTIALIAS_NONE,
+  BLOOM_DISABLED,
+  BLOOM_ENABLED,
+  CAMERA_PROJECTION_ORTHOGRAPHIC,
+  CAMERA_PROJECTION_PERSPECTIVE,
+  Camera,
+  MeshFilter,
+  MeshRenderer,
+  SkyboxBackground,
+  Skylight,
+} from '@forgeax/engine-render';
+import type { BindGroupEntry, Buffer, Sampler, Texture, TextureView } from '@forgeax/engine-rhi';
+import { ok as rhiOk } from '@forgeax/engine-rhi';
+import { ChildOf, Name, propagateTransforms, Transform } from '@forgeax/engine-scene';
+import { TONEMAP_LUMINANCE_EPSILON } from '@forgeax/engine-shader';
+import type { SkinErrorCode } from '@forgeax/engine-skinning';
+import {
+  Skin,
+  SkinInstancesCoexistForbiddenError,
+  SkinJointCountExceededError,
+  SkinJointDespawnedError,
+  SkinJointPathUnresolvedError,
+} from '@forgeax/engine-skinning';
+import type {
+  Handle,
+  MaterialAsset,
+  MeshAsset,
+  SkeletonAsset,
+  TextureFormat,
+} from '@forgeax/engine-types';
+import { toShared } from '@forgeax/engine-types';
+import { afterEach, beforeAll, beforeEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from 'vitest';
+import { worldInternal } from '../../../ecs/src/world-internal';
+import {
+  SPRITE_PLAYBACK_MODE_CLAMP,
+  SPRITE_PLAYBACK_MODE_LOOP,
+  SpriteAnimation,
+  SpriteRegionOverride,
+} from '../../../render/src/components';
+import {
+  type CameraProjection,
+  cameraProjectionFromF32,
+} from '../../../render/src/components/camera';
+import {
+  assembleMaterialWithSkylightEntries,
+  createSkylightFallback,
+  mergeSkylightIntoMaterialBgl,
+} from '../../../render/src/ibl/skylight-bind-group';
+import { buildPbrPipelineLayouts, buildUnlitMaterialBgl } from '../../../render/src/pbr-pipeline';
+import { INSTANCE_STORAGE_STRIDE_FLOATS } from '../../../render/src/record/mesh-ssbo';
+import { selectSwapChainFormat } from '../../../render/src/render-system';
+import { createSkinPaletteAllocator } from '../../../render/src/systems/skin-palette-allocator';
+import type { TransparentEntry } from '../../../render/src/systems/transparent-sort-config';
+import { standardMaterialShaderVariants } from './helpers/standard-material-manifest';
+import { drawWithOwners } from './renderer-test-utils';
+
+function componentFieldType(component: { fields: Record<string, { type: string }> }, name: string) {
+  return component.fields[name]?.type;
+}
+
+function componentFieldDefault(
+  component: { fields: Record<string, { default?: unknown }> },
+  name: string,
+) {
+  return component.fields[name]?.default;
+}
+
+function componentSchemaTypes(component: { fields: Record<string, { type: string }> }) {
+  return Object.fromEntries(
+    Object.entries(component.fields).map(([name, field]) => [name, field.type]),
+  );
+}
+
+afterEach(() => vi.restoreAllMocks());
+
+type RendererErrorObservation = {
+  readonly code: string;
+  readonly detail?: unknown;
+  readonly hint?: string;
+};
+
+function unwrapRendererError(value: unknown): RendererErrorObservation {
+  let current = value as RendererErrorObservation;
+  while (
+    current.detail !== undefined &&
+    typeof current.detail === 'object' &&
+    current.detail !== null
+  ) {
+    const cause = (current.detail as { cause?: unknown }).cause;
+    if (
+      cause === undefined ||
+      typeof cause !== 'object' ||
+      cause === null ||
+      typeof (cause as { code?: unknown }).code !== 'string'
+    ) {
+      break;
+    }
+    current = cause as RendererErrorObservation;
+  }
+  return current;
+}
+
+function subscribeRendererErrors(
+  renderer: RendererType,
+  listener: (error: RendererErrorObservation) => void,
+): () => void {
+  return renderer.subscribe((event) => {
+    if (event.kind === 'error') listener(unwrapRendererError(event.error));
+  });
+}
+
+function drawPublished(renderer: RendererType, world: WorldType) {
+  const attached = renderer.attach(world);
+  if (!attached.ok) throw attached.error;
+  world.update().unwrap();
+  return drawWithOwners(renderer, world);
+}
+
+// feat-20260704-runtime-tier1-decomposition M2 / w12: reconstitute the
+// eliminated top-level RuntimeErrorCode aggregate union (D-3) as a test-local
+// alias so the exhaustive-switch bodies below stay byte-identical (AC-09).
+type RuntimeLayerErrorCode = RenderErrorCode | AssetRuntimeErrorCode | SkinErrorCode;
+
+import {
+  AnimationTargetId,
+  bindAnimationTargets,
+  advanceAnimationPlayer as canonicalAdvanceAnimationPlayer,
+} from '@forgeax/engine-animation';
+import { deriveAnimationTargetId } from '@forgeax/engine-animation/target-id';
+import { DeviceScope } from '../../../render/src/device/device-scope';
+import { GpuBuffer } from '../../../render/src/gpu-resource';
+import { getOrCreateIblCache, hasIblCache } from '../../../render/src/ibl/IblPipelineCache';
+import {
+  disposeInstanceBuffers,
+  type InstanceBufferCacheEntry,
+} from '../../../render/src/instance-buffer-cache';
+import { standardPipeline as urpPipeline } from '../../../render/src/pipeline/standard-pipeline';
+import { ZERO_CAMERA_CLEAR_FALLBACK } from '../../../render/src/record/frame-snapshot';
+import {
+  warnMultiLightDirectional,
+  warnMultiLightPoint,
+  warnMultiLightSpot,
+} from '../../../render/src/record/helpers';
+import type { CameraSnapshot } from '../../../render/src/render-contract';
+import {
+  type ExtractedLights,
+  extractFrame,
+  extractFrames,
+  prepareExtractContext,
+} from '../../../render/src/render-system-extract';
+import {
+  getTransparentSortConfig,
+  setTransparentSortConfig,
+  TRANSPARENT_SORT_CONFIG_KEY,
+  TRANSPARENT_SORT_MODE_LAYER_Y,
+  TRANSPARENT_SORT_MODE_LAYER_YZ,
+  TRANSPARENT_SORT_MODE_LAYER_Z,
+} from '../../../render/src/systems/transparent-sort-config';
+import { spriteAnimationTickSystem } from '../systems/sprite-animation-tick';
+import { REC709_LUMA_WEIGHTS, tonemapReinhardLuminance } from '../systems/tonemap';
+import { transparentSortEntries } from '../systems/transparent-sort';
+import { makeMockShaderRegistry } from './helpers/mock-shader-registry';
+
+void [
+  ANTIALIAS_FXAA,
+  ANTIALIAS_NONE,
+  AnimationPlayer,
+  AnimationTargetId,
+  AssetRegistry,
+  BLOOM_DISABLED,
+  BLOOM_ENABLED,
+  CAMERA_PROJECTION_ORTHOGRAPHIC,
+  CAMERA_PROJECTION_PERSPECTIVE,
+  Camera,
+  ChildOf,
+  DeviceScope,
+  ENTITY_NULL_RAW,
+  GpuBuffer,
+  INSTANCE_STORAGE_STRIDE_FLOATS,
+  MeshFilter,
+  MeshRenderer,
+  Name,
+  REC709_LUMA_WEIGHTS,
+  SPRITE_PLAYBACK_MODE_CLAMP,
+  SPRITE_PLAYBACK_MODE_LOOP,
+  Skin,
+  SkinInstancesCoexistForbiddenError,
+  SkinJointCountExceededError,
+  SkinJointDespawnedError,
+  SkinJointPathUnresolvedError,
+  SkyboxBackground,
+  Skylight,
+  SpriteAnimation,
+  SpriteAnimationInvalidError,
+  SpriteRegionOverride,
+  TONEMAP_LUMINANCE_EPSILON,
+  TRANSPARENT_SORT_CONFIG_KEY,
+  TRANSPARENT_SORT_MODE_LAYER_Y,
+  TRANSPARENT_SORT_MODE_LAYER_YZ,
+  TRANSPARENT_SORT_MODE_LAYER_Z,
+  Transform,
+  World,
+  ZERO_CAMERA_CLEAR_FALLBACK,
+  afterEach,
+  assembleMaterialWithSkylightEntries,
+  beforeAll,
+  beforeEach,
+  bindAnimationTargets,
+  buildPbrPipelineLayouts,
+  buildUnlitMaterialBgl,
+  cameraProjectionFromF32,
+  canonicalAdvanceAnimationPlayer,
+  componentFieldDefault,
+  componentFieldType,
+  componentSchemaTypes,
+  createSkinPaletteAllocator,
+  createSkylightFallback,
+  deriveAnimationTargetId,
+  describe,
+  disposeInstanceBuffers,
+  drawPublished,
+  drawWithOwners,
+  expect,
+  extractFrame,
+  extractFrames,
+  fileURLToPath,
+  getOrCreateIblCache,
+  getTransparentSortConfig,
+  hasIblCache,
+  it,
+  makeMockShaderRegistry,
+  mat4,
+  mergeSkylightIntoMaterialBgl,
+  prepareExtractContext,
+  propagateTransforms,
+  readFileSync,
+  resolve,
+  rhiOk,
+  selectSwapChainFormat,
+  setTransparentSortConfig,
+  spriteAnimationTickSystem,
+  standardMaterialShaderVariants,
+  subscribeRendererErrors,
+  toShared,
+  tonemapReinhardLuminance,
+  transparentSortEntries,
+  unwrapRendererError,
+  urpPipeline,
+  vec3,
+  vi,
+  warnMultiLightDirectional,
+  warnMultiLightPoint,
+  warnMultiLightSpot,
+  worldInternal,
+];
+type __MergedKeep =
+  | AssetRuntimeErrorCode
+  | BindGroupEntry
+  | Buffer
+  | CameraProjection
+  | CameraSnapshot
+  | EntityHandle
+  | ExtractedLights
+  | Handle
+  | InstanceBufferCacheEntry
+  | MaterialAsset
+  | MeshAsset
+  | RenderErrorCode
+  | RendererErrorObservation
+  | RendererType
+  | RuntimeLayerErrorCode
+  | Sampler
+  | SkeletonAsset
+  | SkinErrorCode
+  | Texture
+  | TextureFormat
+  | TextureView
+  | TransparentEntry
+  | WorldType;
+
+{
+  // --- from advance-animation-player.test.ts ---
+
+  const defaultTransform = {
+    pos: [0, 0, 0],
+    quat: [0, 0, 0, 1],
+    scale: [1, 1, 1],
+  };
+
+  function makeSampler(
+    input: number[],
+    output: number[],
+    interpolation: 'LINEAR' | 'STEP' = 'LINEAR',
+  ): AnimationSampler {
+    return {
+      input: new Float32Array(input),
+      output: new Float32Array(output),
+      interpolation,
+    };
+  }
+
+  function makeClip(duration: number, channels: AnimationClip['channels']): AnimationClip {
+    return {
+      kind: 'animation-clip',
+      duration,
+      channels,
+    };
+  }
+
+  type TestResolver = { clips: Map<number, AnimationClip>; handles?: Map<number, number> };
+
+  function makeResolver(clips: Map<number, AnimationClip>): TestResolver {
+    return { clips };
+  }
+
+  function advanceAnimationPlayer(world: World, resolver: TestResolver, dt: number): void {
+    const handles = resolver.handles ?? new Map<number, number>();
+    resolver.handles = handles;
+    for (const [raw, clip] of resolver.clips) {
+      if (!handles.has(raw)) handles.set(raw, world.allocSharedRef('AnimationClip', clip));
+    }
+    const query = world.query({ with: [AnimationPlayer] }).unwrap();
+    const allocated = new Set(handles.values());
+    const players = Array.from(query, (row) => row.entity);
+    for (const entity of players) {
+      const player = world.get(entity, AnimationPlayer);
+      if (!player.ok) continue;
+      const clips = Array.from(player.value.clips, (handle) => {
+        const mapped = handles.get(handle);
+        return mapped ?? (allocated.has(handle) ? handle : 0);
+      });
+      world.set(entity, AnimationPlayer, { clips });
+      const skin = world.get(entity, Skin);
+      if (!skin.ok) continue;
+      const targets: EntityHandle[] = [];
+      for (const raw of skin.value.joints) {
+        if (raw === ENTITY_NULL_RAW) continue;
+        const target = raw as EntityHandle;
+        const name = world.get(target, Name);
+        if (!name.ok) continue;
+        if (!world.get(target, ChildOf).ok) {
+          world.addComponent(target, { component: ChildOf, data: { parent: entity } });
+        }
+        if (!world.get(target, AnimationTargetId).ok) {
+          world.addComponent(target, {
+            component: AnimationTargetId,
+            data: { value: deriveAnimationTargetId([name.value.value]) },
+          });
+        }
+        targets.push(target);
+      }
+      bindAnimationTargets(world, entity, targets);
+    }
+    canonicalAdvanceAnimationPlayer(world, dt);
+  }
+
+  // M2 / w3: spawn data migrated to SoA inline arrays. Single-clip legacy
+  // path: clips[0] = handle, weights[0] = 1, speeds[0] = speed, times[0] = 0;
+  // slots 1..3 stay zero. `world.set({ time: t })` becomes a partial column
+  // write `world.set({ times: new Float32Array([t,0,0,0]) })`. Reads of
+  // `.time` route through `.times[0]`. Old expectations preserved (time
+  // advance / looping modulo / paused skip) — schema cut only.
+  function spawnLegacySinglePlayer(
+    world: World,
+    clipId: number,
+    overrides: { speed?: number; paused?: boolean; looping?: boolean } = {},
+  ): EntityHandle {
+    const speed = overrides.speed ?? 1;
+    const paused = overrides.paused ?? false;
+    const looping = overrides.looping ?? true;
+    return world
+      .spawn({
+        component: AnimationPlayer,
+        data: {
+          clips: [
+            toShared<'AnimationClip'>(clipId),
+            0 as Handle<'AnimationClip', 'shared'>,
+            0 as Handle<'AnimationClip', 'shared'>,
+            0 as Handle<'AnimationClip', 'shared'>,
+          ],
+          times: new Float32Array([0, 0, 0, 0]),
+          weights: new Float32Array([1, 0, 0, 0]),
+          speeds: new Float32Array([speed, 1, 1, 1]),
+          paused,
+          looping,
+        },
+      })
+      .unwrap();
+  }
+
+  function readLegacyTime(world: World, e: EntityHandle): number {
+    const ap = world.get(e, AnimationPlayer).unwrap() as unknown as { times: Float32Array };
+    return ap.times[0] ?? 0;
+  }
+
+  function writeLegacyTime(world: World, e: EntityHandle, t: number): void {
+    world.set(e, AnimationPlayer, { times: new Float32Array([t, 0, 0, 0]) });
+  }
+
+  describe('T-17 — advanceAnimationPlayer time advance (AC-17 / AC-18)', () => {
+    it('advances time by speed * dt each tick (paused=false, looping=true)', () => {
+      const world = new World();
+      const clip = makeClip(10, []);
+      const resolver = makeResolver(new Map([[1, clip]]));
+
+      const e = spawnLegacySinglePlayer(world, 1, { speed: 2 });
+      writeLegacyTime(world, e, 0);
+
+      advanceAnimationPlayer(world, resolver, 0.5);
+      expect(readLegacyTime(world, e)).toBe(1.0);
+
+      advanceAnimationPlayer(world, resolver, 0.5);
+      expect(readLegacyTime(world, e)).toBe(2.0);
+    });
+
+    it('looping=true: time wraps around with modulo', () => {
+      const world = new World();
+      const clip = makeClip(3, []);
+      const resolver = makeResolver(new Map([[1, clip]]));
+
+      const e = spawnLegacySinglePlayer(world, 1, { speed: 2, looping: true });
+      writeLegacyTime(world, e, 2);
+
+      advanceAnimationPlayer(world, resolver, 1.0); // 2 + 2*1 = 4, mod 3 = 1
+      expect(readLegacyTime(world, e)).toBeCloseTo(1.0, 5);
+    });
+
+    it('looping=false: stops at duration', () => {
+      const world = new World();
+      const clip = makeClip(3, []);
+      const resolver = makeResolver(new Map([[1, clip]]));
+
+      const e = spawnLegacySinglePlayer(world, 1, { speed: 2, looping: false });
+      writeLegacyTime(world, e, 2);
+
+      advanceAnimationPlayer(world, resolver, 1.0); // 2 + 2*1 = 4, clamp to 3
+      expect(readLegacyTime(world, e)).toBe(3.0);
+    });
+
+    it('paused=true: time does not change', () => {
+      const world = new World();
+      const clip = makeClip(10, []);
+      const resolver = makeResolver(new Map([[1, clip]]));
+
+      const e = spawnLegacySinglePlayer(world, 1, { speed: 2, paused: true });
+      writeLegacyTime(world, e, 5);
+
+      advanceAnimationPlayer(world, resolver, 0.5);
+      expect(readLegacyTime(world, e)).toBe(5.0);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('T-17 — advanceAnimationPlayer joint sampling no-crash (AC-17)', () => {
+    it('LINEAR sampling with Skin+Transform: system runs without crash', () => {
+      const world = new World();
+      const sampler = makeSampler([0, 2], [0, 0, 0, 2, 4, 6], 'LINEAR');
+      const clip = makeClip(2, [
+        { targetId: deriveAnimationTargetId(['joint0']), property: 'translation', sampler },
+      ]);
+      const resolver = makeResolver(new Map([[1, clip]]));
+
+      const jointE = world.spawn({ component: Transform, data: defaultTransform }).unwrap();
+
+      world.spawn(
+        {
+          component: AnimationPlayer,
+          data: {
+            clips: [
+              toShared<'AnimationClip'>(1),
+              0 as Handle<'AnimationClip', 'shared'>,
+              0 as Handle<'AnimationClip', 'shared'>,
+              0 as Handle<'AnimationClip', 'shared'>,
+            ],
+            times: new Float32Array([0, 0, 0, 0]),
+            weights: new Float32Array([1, 0, 0, 0]),
+            speeds: new Float32Array([1, 1, 1, 1]),
+          },
+        },
+        {
+          component: Skin,
+          data: { skeleton: toShared<'SkeletonAsset'>(100), joints: new Uint32Array([jointE]) },
+        },
+        { component: Transform, data: defaultTransform },
+      );
+
+      expect(() => advanceAnimationPlayer(world, resolver, 1.0)).not.toThrow();
+      // Time should have advanced.
+      const tf = world.get(jointE, Transform).unwrap();
+      expect(tf).toBeDefined();
+    });
+
+    it('LINEAR rotation sampling with Skin+Transform: system runs without crash', () => {
+      const world = new World();
+      const halfSqrt2 = Math.sqrt(2) / 2;
+      const sampler = makeSampler([0, 2], [0, 0, 0, 1, 0, halfSqrt2, 0, halfSqrt2], 'LINEAR');
+      const clip = makeClip(2, [
+        { targetId: deriveAnimationTargetId(['joint0']), property: 'rotation', sampler },
+      ]);
+      const resolver = makeResolver(new Map([[1, clip]]));
+
+      const jointE = world.spawn({ component: Transform, data: defaultTransform }).unwrap();
+
+      world.spawn(
+        {
+          component: AnimationPlayer,
+          data: {
+            clips: [
+              toShared<'AnimationClip'>(1),
+              0 as Handle<'AnimationClip', 'shared'>,
+              0 as Handle<'AnimationClip', 'shared'>,
+              0 as Handle<'AnimationClip', 'shared'>,
+            ],
+            times: new Float32Array([0, 0, 0, 0]),
+            weights: new Float32Array([1, 0, 0, 0]),
+            speeds: new Float32Array([1, 1, 1, 1]),
+          },
+        },
+        {
+          component: Skin,
+          data: { skeleton: toShared<'SkeletonAsset'>(100), joints: new Uint32Array([jointE]) },
+        },
+        { component: Transform, data: defaultTransform },
+      );
+
+      expect(() => advanceAnimationPlayer(world, resolver, 1.0)).not.toThrow();
+    });
+
+    it('STEP interpolation with Skin+Transform: system runs without crash', () => {
+      const world = new World();
+      const sampler = makeSampler([0, 2], [0, 0, 0, 5, 5, 5], 'STEP');
+      const clip = makeClip(2, [
+        { targetId: deriveAnimationTargetId(['joint0']), property: 'translation', sampler },
+      ]);
+      const resolver = makeResolver(new Map([[1, clip]]));
+
+      const jointE = world.spawn({ component: Transform, data: defaultTransform }).unwrap();
+
+      world.spawn(
+        {
+          component: AnimationPlayer,
+          data: {
+            clips: [
+              toShared<'AnimationClip'>(1),
+              0 as Handle<'AnimationClip', 'shared'>,
+              0 as Handle<'AnimationClip', 'shared'>,
+              0 as Handle<'AnimationClip', 'shared'>,
+            ],
+            times: new Float32Array([0, 0, 0, 0]),
+            weights: new Float32Array([1, 0, 0, 0]),
+            speeds: new Float32Array([1, 1, 1, 1]),
+          },
+        },
+        {
+          component: Skin,
+          data: { skeleton: toShared<'SkeletonAsset'>(100), joints: new Uint32Array([jointE]) },
+        },
+        { component: Transform, data: defaultTransform },
+      );
+
+      expect(() => advanceAnimationPlayer(world, resolver, 1.5)).not.toThrow();
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('T-17 — edge cases', () => {
+    it('entity without Skin/Transform is skipped gracefully', () => {
+      const world = new World();
+      const clip = makeClip(10, []);
+      const resolver = makeResolver(new Map([[1, clip]]));
+
+      spawnLegacySinglePlayer(world, 1);
+
+      expect(() => advanceAnimationPlayer(world, resolver, 1 / 60)).not.toThrow();
+    });
+
+    it('entity with unresolved clip handle is skipped', () => {
+      const world = new World();
+      const resolver = makeResolver(new Map());
+
+      const e = spawnLegacySinglePlayer(world, 999);
+      writeLegacyTime(world, e, 0);
+
+      expect(() => advanceAnimationPlayer(world, resolver, 1 / 60)).not.toThrow();
+      expect(readLegacyTime(world, e)).toBe(0);
+    });
+
+    it('zero duration clip does not crash', () => {
+      const world = new World();
+      const clip = makeClip(0, []);
+      const resolver = makeResolver(new Map([[1, clip]]));
+
+      const e = spawnLegacySinglePlayer(world, 1, { speed: 2 });
+      writeLegacyTime(world, e, 0);
+
+      expect(() => advanceAnimationPlayer(world, resolver, 1.0)).not.toThrow();
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('T-17 — registerAdvanceAnimationPlayer schedule order (D-9)', () => {
+    it('constant ADVANCE_ANIMATION_PLAYER_SYSTEM name matches', async () => {
+      const { ADVANCE_ANIMATION_PLAYER_SYSTEM } = await import('@forgeax/engine-animation');
+      expect(ADVANCE_ANIMATION_PLAYER_SYSTEM).toBe('advanceAnimationPlayer');
+    });
+  });
+
+  // ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+  // M2 / w6 — dev-mode warn throttle (plan-strategy D-2 / AC-05(d)).
+  //
+  // Three it blocks per the M2 mission brief:
+  //   (a) 60 frames + same triple => warn fires exactly once
+  //   (b) two distinct channelKeys (different chIdx) => 2 warns
+  //   (c) same channelKey, two distinct reasons => 2 warns (key shape includes reason)
+  //
+  // Each `it` resets via `_resetAnimationWarnsForTests(world)` so the WeakMap
+  // bag is fresh; vi.spyOn(console, 'warn') captures the fan-out and the
+  // mock is restored at the test's end.
+  //
+  // Test scaffolding mirrors the T-17 helpers above (spawnLegacySinglePlayer
+  // is single-clip; warn-pass tests need direct multi-slot setup or
+  // unmapped target clips, so they use the SoA literal form inline).
+  // ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+  describe('M2 / w6 — advanceAnimationPlayer dev-mode warn throttle (D-2)', () => {
+    it('60 consecutive frames with same (entity, channel, reason) emit warn exactly once', async () => {
+      const { _resetAnimationWarnsForTests } = await import('@forgeax/engine-animation');
+      const world = new World();
+      // Channel target ID has no matching bound target ID
+      // — every frame triggers channel-target-missing on (entity, clip:1, ch:0).
+      const sampler = makeSampler([0, 1], [0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1], 'LINEAR');
+      const clip = makeClip(1, [
+        {
+          targetId: deriveAnimationTargetId(['mismatched-leaf']),
+          property: 'translation',
+          sampler,
+        },
+      ]);
+      const resolver = makeResolver(new Map([[1, clip]]));
+
+      const jointE = world
+        .spawn(
+          { component: Transform, data: defaultTransform },
+          { component: Name, data: { value: 'real-joint' } },
+        )
+        .unwrap();
+      world.spawn(
+        {
+          component: AnimationPlayer,
+          data: {
+            clips: [
+              toShared<'AnimationClip'>(1),
+              0 as Handle<'AnimationClip', 'shared'>,
+              0 as Handle<'AnimationClip', 'shared'>,
+              0 as Handle<'AnimationClip', 'shared'>,
+            ],
+            times: new Float32Array([0, 0, 0, 0]),
+            weights: new Float32Array([1, 0, 0, 0]),
+            speeds: new Float32Array([1, 1, 1, 1]),
+          },
+        },
+        {
+          component: Skin,
+          data: { skeleton: toShared<'SkeletonAsset'>(100), joints: new Uint32Array([jointE]) },
+        },
+        { component: Transform, data: defaultTransform },
+      );
+
+      _resetAnimationWarnsForTests(world);
+      const warnSpy = vi.spyOn(console, 'warn').mockImplementation(() => {});
+      try {
+        for (let i = 0; i < 60; i++) {
+          advanceAnimationPlayer(world, resolver, 1 / 60);
+        }
+        const targetMissingCalls = warnSpy.mock.calls.filter(
+          (c) => (c[0] as { code?: string }).code === 'animation-target-missing',
+        );
+        expect(targetMissingCalls.length).toBe(1);
+      } finally {
+        warnSpy.mockRestore();
+      }
+    });
+
+    it('two distinct channel indices on same entity each emit one warn (3 channels => 3 warns)', async () => {
+      const { _resetAnimationWarnsForTests } = await import('@forgeax/engine-animation');
+      const world = new World();
+      // Three channels each targeting an unmapped ID — chIdx differs, so
+      // the (entity, clip, chIdx, reason) key splits into 3 distinct entries
+      // and the throttle should NOT collapse them.
+      const sampler = makeSampler([0, 1], [0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1], 'LINEAR');
+      const clip = makeClip(1, [
+        { targetId: deriveAnimationTargetId(['leaf-A']), property: 'translation', sampler },
+        { targetId: deriveAnimationTargetId(['leaf-B']), property: 'translation', sampler },
+        { targetId: deriveAnimationTargetId(['leaf-C']), property: 'translation', sampler },
+      ]);
+      const resolver = makeResolver(new Map([[1, clip]]));
+
+      const jointE = world
+        .spawn(
+          { component: Transform, data: defaultTransform },
+          { component: Name, data: { value: 'real-joint' } },
+        )
+        .unwrap();
+      world.spawn(
+        {
+          component: AnimationPlayer,
+          data: {
+            clips: [
+              toShared<'AnimationClip'>(1),
+              0 as Handle<'AnimationClip', 'shared'>,
+              0 as Handle<'AnimationClip', 'shared'>,
+              0 as Handle<'AnimationClip', 'shared'>,
+            ],
+            times: new Float32Array([0, 0, 0, 0]),
+            weights: new Float32Array([1, 0, 0, 0]),
+            speeds: new Float32Array([1, 1, 1, 1]),
+          },
+        },
+        {
+          component: Skin,
+          data: { skeleton: toShared<'SkeletonAsset'>(100), joints: new Uint32Array([jointE]) },
+        },
+        { component: Transform, data: defaultTransform },
+      );
+
+      _resetAnimationWarnsForTests(world);
+      const warnSpy = vi.spyOn(console, 'warn').mockImplementation(() => {});
+      try {
+        for (let i = 0; i < 5; i++) advanceAnimationPlayer(world, resolver, 1 / 60);
+        const targetMissingCalls = warnSpy.mock.calls.filter(
+          (c) => (c[0] as { code?: string }).code === 'animation-target-missing',
+        );
+        expect(targetMissingCalls.length).toBe(3);
+        const chIdxValues = targetMissingCalls.map(
+          (c) => (c[0] as { detail: { channel: number } }).detail.channel,
+        );
+        expect(new Set(chIdxValues)).toEqual(new Set([0, 1, 2]));
+      } finally {
+        warnSpy.mockRestore();
+      }
+    });
+
+    it('two distinct reasons on same channel emit two warns (key includes reason)', async () => {
+      const { _resetAnimationWarnsForTests } = await import('@forgeax/engine-animation');
+      const world = new World();
+      // Slot 0: clip 1 has channel 0 = translation on 'real-joint' (resolves)
+      //         and channel 1 = translation on 'unknown-joint' (target-missing).
+      // Slot 1: clip 2 has only channel 0 = rotation on 'real-joint'.
+      // After tick:
+      //   - clip1.ch1 fires channel-target-missing (entity, 1, 1, target-missing).
+      //   - The (real-joint, rotation) tuple is covered by slot1 but missing
+      //     on slot0; slot1.ch0 fires channel-missing-on-some-slot
+      //     (entity, 2, 0, missing-on-some-slot). The (real-joint, translation)
+      //     tuple is covered by slot0 but missing on slot1; slot0.ch0 fires
+      //     channel-missing-on-some-slot (entity, 1, 0, missing-on-some-slot).
+      // So we expect: target-missing=1, missing-on-some-slot=2.
+      const sampT = makeSampler([0, 1], [0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1], 'LINEAR');
+      const sampR = makeSampler([0, 1], [0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1], 'LINEAR');
+      const clip1 = makeClip(1, [
+        {
+          targetId: deriveAnimationTargetId(['real-joint']),
+          property: 'translation',
+          sampler: sampT,
+        },
+        {
+          targetId: deriveAnimationTargetId(['unknown-joint']),
+          property: 'translation',
+          sampler: sampT,
+        },
+      ]);
+      const clip2 = makeClip(1, [
+        { targetId: deriveAnimationTargetId(['real-joint']), property: 'rotation', sampler: sampR },
+      ]);
+      const resolver = makeResolver(
+        new Map([
+          [1, clip1],
+          [2, clip2],
+        ]),
+      );
+
+      const jointE = world
+        .spawn(
+          { component: Transform, data: defaultTransform },
+          { component: Name, data: { value: 'real-joint' } },
+        )
+        .unwrap();
+      world.spawn(
+        {
+          component: AnimationPlayer,
+          data: {
+            clips: [
+              toShared<'AnimationClip'>(1),
+              toShared<'AnimationClip'>(2),
+              0 as Handle<'AnimationClip', 'shared'>,
+              0 as Handle<'AnimationClip', 'shared'>,
+            ],
+            times: new Float32Array([0, 0, 0, 0]),
+            weights: new Float32Array([0.5, 0.5, 0, 0]),
+            speeds: new Float32Array([1, 1, 1, 1]),
+          },
+        },
+        {
+          component: Skin,
+          data: { skeleton: toShared<'SkeletonAsset'>(100), joints: new Uint32Array([jointE]) },
+        },
+        { component: Transform, data: defaultTransform },
+      );
+
+      _resetAnimationWarnsForTests(world);
+      const warnSpy = vi.spyOn(console, 'warn').mockImplementation(() => {});
+      try {
+        for (let i = 0; i < 5; i++) advanceAnimationPlayer(world, resolver, 1 / 60);
+        const targetCalls = warnSpy.mock.calls.filter(
+          (c) => (c[0] as { code?: string }).code === 'animation-target-missing',
+        );
+        const missingCalls = warnSpy.mock.calls.filter(
+          (c) => (c[0] as { code?: string }).code === 'animation-channel-missing',
+        );
+        expect(targetCalls.length).toBe(1);
+        // Both translation-on-slot1 and rotation-on-slot0 are missing — two
+        // distinct (clip, chIdx, missing-on-some-slot) keys.
+        expect(missingCalls.length).toBe(2);
+      } finally {
+        warnSpy.mockRestore();
+      }
+    });
+  });
+
+  // ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+  // M3 / w8 — N-way weight blend matrix (plan-strategy §7 / AC-03/04/05).
+  //
+  // Ten it blocks covering normalized blend math, invalid-skip, per-channel
+  // normalize, duration-modulo, negative-weight clamp, paused time-stasis,
+  // resolver miss, and target-missing skips. All it blocks use the shared
+  // makeSampler / makeClip / makeResolver helpers from the enclosing block.
+  // ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+  describe('M3 N-way weight blend matrix', () => {
+    it('single slot weights=[1,0,0,0] equals hard-cut (pos = clipA pos)', () => {
+      const world = new World();
+      const sampT = makeSampler([0, 1], [1, 2, 3, 10, 20, 30], 'LINEAR');
+      const clipA = makeClip(1, [
+        { targetId: deriveAnimationTargetId(['joint0']), property: 'translation', sampler: sampT },
+      ]);
+      const resolver = makeResolver(new Map([[1, clipA]]));
+
+      const jointE = world
+        .spawn(
+          { component: Transform, data: defaultTransform },
+          { component: Name, data: { value: 'joint0' } },
+        )
+        .unwrap();
+      world.spawn(
+        {
+          component: AnimationPlayer,
+          data: {
+            clips: [
+              toShared<'AnimationClip'>(1),
+              toShared<'AnimationClip'>(2),
+              0 as Handle<'AnimationClip', 'shared'>,
+              0 as Handle<'AnimationClip', 'shared'>,
+            ],
+            times: new Float32Array([0, 0, 0, 0]),
+            weights: new Float32Array([1, 0, 0, 0]),
+            speeds: new Float32Array([1, 1, 1, 1]),
+          },
+        },
+        {
+          component: Skin,
+          data: { skeleton: toShared<'SkeletonAsset'>(100), joints: new Uint32Array([jointE]) },
+        },
+        { component: Transform, data: defaultTransform },
+      );
+
+      advanceAnimationPlayer(world, resolver, 0.5); // time=0.5 => lerp midway
+      const tf = world.get(jointE, Transform).unwrap();
+      expect(tf.pos[0]).toBeCloseTo(5.5); // lerp(1,10,0.5) = 5.5
+      expect(tf.pos[1]).toBeCloseTo(11); // lerp(2,20,0.5) = 11
+      expect(tf.pos[2]).toBeCloseTo(16.5); // lerp(3,30,0.5) = 16.5
+    });
+
+    it('two-slot weights=[0.5,0.5,0,0] yields midpoint pose', () => {
+      const world = new World();
+      const sampT1 = makeSampler([0, 1], [0, 0, 0, 4, 0, 0], 'LINEAR'); // pos (2,0,0) at t=0.5
+      const sampT2 = makeSampler([0, 1], [0, 0, 0, 0, 6, 0], 'LINEAR'); // pos (0,3,0) at t=0.5
+      const clipA = makeClip(1, [
+        { targetId: deriveAnimationTargetId(['joint0']), property: 'translation', sampler: sampT1 },
+      ]);
+      const clipB = makeClip(1, [
+        { targetId: deriveAnimationTargetId(['joint0']), property: 'translation', sampler: sampT2 },
+      ]);
+      const resolver = makeResolver(
+        new Map([
+          [1, clipA],
+          [2, clipB],
+        ]),
+      );
+
+      const jointE = world
+        .spawn(
+          { component: Transform, data: defaultTransform },
+          { component: Name, data: { value: 'joint0' } },
+        )
+        .unwrap();
+      world.spawn(
+        {
+          component: AnimationPlayer,
+          data: {
+            clips: [
+              toShared<'AnimationClip'>(1),
+              toShared<'AnimationClip'>(2),
+              0 as Handle<'AnimationClip', 'shared'>,
+              0 as Handle<'AnimationClip', 'shared'>,
+            ],
+            times: new Float32Array([0, 0, 0, 0]),
+            weights: new Float32Array([0.5, 0.5, 0, 0]),
+            speeds: new Float32Array([1, 1, 1, 1]),
+          },
+        },
+        {
+          component: Skin,
+          data: { skeleton: toShared<'SkeletonAsset'>(100), joints: new Uint32Array([jointE]) },
+        },
+        { component: Transform, data: defaultTransform },
+      );
+
+      advanceAnimationPlayer(world, resolver, 0.5); // both at t=0.5
+      const tf = world.get(jointE, Transform).unwrap();
+      // clipA pos=(2,0,0), clipB pos=(0,3,0), blended=(1,1.5,0) with equal weights
+      expect(tf.pos[0]).toBeCloseTo(1);
+      expect(tf.pos[1]).toBeCloseTo(1.5);
+      expect(tf.pos[2]).toBeCloseTo(0);
+    });
+
+    it('three-slot weights=[1/3,1/3,1/3,0] equal-weight blend', () => {
+      const world = new World();
+      const sampT1 = makeSampler([0, 1], [0, 0, 0, 3, 0, 0], 'LINEAR');
+      const sampT2 = makeSampler([0, 1], [0, 0, 0, 0, 3, 0], 'LINEAR');
+      const sampT3 = makeSampler([0, 1], [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 3], 'LINEAR');
+      const clipA = makeClip(1, [
+        { targetId: deriveAnimationTargetId(['joint0']), property: 'translation', sampler: sampT1 },
+      ]);
+      const clipB = makeClip(1, [
+        { targetId: deriveAnimationTargetId(['joint0']), property: 'translation', sampler: sampT2 },
+      ]);
+      const clipC = makeClip(1, [
+        { targetId: deriveAnimationTargetId(['joint0']), property: 'translation', sampler: sampT3 },
+      ]);
+      const resolver = makeResolver(
+        new Map([
+          [1, clipA],
+          [2, clipB],
+          [3, clipC],
+        ]),
+      );
+
+      const jointE = world
+        .spawn(
+          { component: Transform, data: defaultTransform },
+          { component: Name, data: { value: 'joint0' } },
+        )
+        .unwrap();
+      world.spawn(
+        {
+          component: AnimationPlayer,
+          data: {
+            clips: [
+              toShared<'AnimationClip'>(1),
+              toShared<'AnimationClip'>(2),
+              toShared<'AnimationClip'>(3),
+              0 as Handle<'AnimationClip', 'shared'>,
+            ],
+            times: new Float32Array([0, 0, 0, 0]),
+            weights: new Float32Array([1 / 3, 1 / 3, 1 / 3, 0]),
+            speeds: new Float32Array([1, 1, 1, 1]),
+          },
+        },
+        {
+          component: Skin,
+          data: { skeleton: toShared<'SkeletonAsset'>(100), joints: new Uint32Array([jointE]) },
+        },
+        { component: Transform, data: defaultTransform },
+      );
+
+      advanceAnimationPlayer(world, resolver, 0.5); // all at t=0.5
+      const tf = world.get(jointE, Transform).unwrap();
+      // Each clip at t=0.5: (1.5,0,0), (0,1.5,0), (0,0,1.5) => avg = (0.5,0.5,0.5)
+      expect(tf.pos[0]).toBeCloseTo(0.5);
+      expect(tf.pos[1]).toBeCloseTo(0.5);
+      expect(tf.pos[2]).toBeCloseTo(0.5);
+    });
+
+    it('un-normalized weights [0.6,0.6,0,0] normalize to [0.5,0.5,0,0]', () => {
+      const world = new World();
+      const sampT1 = makeSampler([0, 1], [0, 0, 0, 10, 0, 0], 'LINEAR');
+      const sampT2 = makeSampler([0, 1], [0, 0, 0, 0, 10, 0], 'LINEAR');
+      const clipA = makeClip(1, [
+        { targetId: deriveAnimationTargetId(['joint0']), property: 'translation', sampler: sampT1 },
+      ]);
+      const clipB = makeClip(1, [
+        { targetId: deriveAnimationTargetId(['joint0']), property: 'translation', sampler: sampT2 },
+      ]);
+      const resolver = makeResolver(
+        new Map([
+          [1, clipA],
+          [2, clipB],
+        ]),
+      );
+
+      const jointE = world
+        .spawn(
+          { component: Transform, data: defaultTransform },
+          { component: Name, data: { value: 'joint0' } },
+        )
+        .unwrap();
+      world.spawn(
+        {
+          component: AnimationPlayer,
+          data: {
+            clips: [
+              toShared<'AnimationClip'>(1),
+              toShared<'AnimationClip'>(2),
+              0 as Handle<'AnimationClip', 'shared'>,
+              0 as Handle<'AnimationClip', 'shared'>,
+            ],
+            times: new Float32Array([0, 0, 0, 0]),
+            weights: new Float32Array([0.6, 0.6, 0, 0]),
+            speeds: new Float32Array([1, 1, 1, 1]),
+          },
+        },
+        {
+          component: Skin,
+          data: { skeleton: toShared<'SkeletonAsset'>(100), joints: new Uint32Array([jointE]) },
+        },
+        { component: Transform, data: defaultTransform },
+      );
+
+      advanceAnimationPlayer(world, resolver, 0.5);
+      const tf = world.get(jointE, Transform).unwrap();
+      // Normalized blend: sumW=1.2, each w/Σw=0.5. pos = (5*0.5 + 0*0.5, 0*0.5 + 5*0.5) = (2.5, 2.5)
+      expect(tf.pos[0]).toBeCloseTo(2.5);
+      expect(tf.pos[1]).toBeCloseTo(2.5);
+      // Weights column unchanged (weightsView reflects the original 0.6 values)
+    });
+
+    it('weights[i] < 0 clamped to 0 and NOT written back', () => {
+      const world = new World();
+      const sampT = makeSampler([0, 1], [0, 0, 0, 4, 4, 4], 'LINEAR');
+      const clipA = makeClip(1, [
+        { targetId: deriveAnimationTargetId(['joint0']), property: 'translation', sampler: sampT },
+      ]);
+      const resolver = makeResolver(new Map([[1, clipA]]));
+
+      const jointE = world
+        .spawn(
+          { component: Transform, data: defaultTransform },
+          { component: Name, data: { value: 'joint0' } },
+        )
+        .unwrap();
+      const animE = world
+        .spawn(
+          {
+            component: AnimationPlayer,
+            data: {
+              clips: [
+                toShared<'AnimationClip'>(1),
+                0 as Handle<'AnimationClip', 'shared'>,
+                0 as Handle<'AnimationClip', 'shared'>,
+                0 as Handle<'AnimationClip', 'shared'>,
+              ],
+              times: new Float32Array([0, 0, 0, 0]),
+              weights: new Float32Array([-0.5, 0, 0, 0]),
+              speeds: new Float32Array([1, 0, 0, 0]),
+            },
+          },
+          {
+            component: Skin,
+            data: {
+              skeleton: toShared<'SkeletonAsset'>(100),
+              joints: new Uint32Array([jointE]),
+            },
+          },
+          { component: Transform, data: defaultTransform },
+        )
+        .unwrap();
+
+      // Negative weight clamped -> w=0, slot skipped (no accumulator writes).
+      // Transform should remain at its default (position = 0).
+      advanceAnimationPlayer(world, resolver, 0.5);
+      const tf = world.get(jointE, Transform).unwrap();
+      expect(tf.pos[0]).toBe(0);
+      expect(tf.pos[1]).toBe(0);
+      expect(tf.pos[2]).toBe(0);
+
+      // Read-back: weights[0] is still -0.5 (not written back per D-7).
+      const apRes = world.get(animE, AnimationPlayer).unwrap() as unknown as {
+        weights: Float32Array;
+      };
+      expect(apRes.weights[0]).toBe(-0.5);
+    });
+
+    it('paused=true does not advance times but still blends by current times', () => {
+      const world = new World();
+      const sampT1 = makeSampler([0, 1], [0, 0, 0, 10, 0, 0], 'LINEAR');
+      const sampT2 = makeSampler([0, 1], [0, 0, 0, 0, 10, 0], 'LINEAR');
+      const clipA = makeClip(1, [
+        { targetId: deriveAnimationTargetId(['joint0']), property: 'translation', sampler: sampT1 },
+      ]);
+      const clipB = makeClip(1, [
+        { targetId: deriveAnimationTargetId(['joint0']), property: 'translation', sampler: sampT2 },
+      ]);
+      const resolver = makeResolver(
+        new Map([
+          [1, clipA],
+          [2, clipB],
+        ]),
+      );
+
+      const jointE = world
+        .spawn(
+          { component: Transform, data: defaultTransform },
+          { component: Name, data: { value: 'joint0' } },
+        )
+        .unwrap();
+      const animE = world
+        .spawn(
+          {
+            component: AnimationPlayer,
+            data: {
+              clips: [
+                toShared<'AnimationClip'>(1),
+                toShared<'AnimationClip'>(2),
+                0 as Handle<'AnimationClip', 'shared'>,
+                0 as Handle<'AnimationClip', 'shared'>,
+              ],
+              times: new Float32Array([0.5, 0.2, 0, 0]),
+              weights: new Float32Array([0.5, 0.5, 0, 0]),
+              speeds: new Float32Array([1, 1, 1, 1]),
+              paused: true,
+            },
+          },
+          {
+            component: Skin,
+            data: {
+              skeleton: toShared<'SkeletonAsset'>(100),
+              joints: new Uint32Array([jointE]),
+            },
+          },
+          { component: Transform, data: defaultTransform },
+        )
+        .unwrap();
+
+      advanceAnimationPlayer(world, resolver, 0.5);
+      const tf = world.get(jointE, Transform).unwrap();
+      // clipA at t=0.5: pos (5,0,0); clipB at t=0.2: pos (0,2,0)
+      // blended: (2.5, 1.0, 0)
+      expect(tf.pos[0]).toBeCloseTo(2.5);
+      expect(tf.pos[1]).toBeCloseTo(1.0);
+
+      // Times unchanged by paused gate
+      const apRes = world.get(animE, AnimationPlayer).unwrap() as unknown as {
+        times: Float32Array;
+      };
+      expect(apRes.times[0]).toBeCloseTo(0.5);
+      expect(apRes.times[1]).toBeCloseTo(0.2);
+    });
+
+    it('resolver cache miss skips slot without warning', () => {
+      const world = new World();
+      const sampT = makeSampler([0, 1], [0, 0, 0, 10, 10, 10], 'LINEAR');
+      const clipA = makeClip(1, [
+        { targetId: deriveAnimationTargetId(['joint0']), property: 'translation', sampler: sampT },
+      ]);
+      const resolver = makeResolver(new Map([[1, clipA]]));
+      // clip handle 2 is not in resolver — resolver returns undefined, slot skipped.
+
+      const jointE = world
+        .spawn(
+          { component: Transform, data: defaultTransform },
+          { component: Name, data: { value: 'joint0' } },
+        )
+        .unwrap();
+      world.spawn(
+        {
+          component: AnimationPlayer,
+          data: {
+            clips: [
+              toShared<'AnimationClip'>(1),
+              toShared<'AnimationClip'>(2),
+              0 as Handle<'AnimationClip', 'shared'>,
+              0 as Handle<'AnimationClip', 'shared'>,
+            ],
+            times: new Float32Array([0, 0, 0, 0]),
+            weights: new Float32Array([1, 0.5, 0, 0]),
+            speeds: new Float32Array([1, 1, 1, 1]),
+          },
+        },
+        {
+          component: Skin,
+          data: { skeleton: toShared<'SkeletonAsset'>(100), joints: new Uint32Array([jointE]) },
+        },
+        { component: Transform, data: defaultTransform },
+      );
+
+      const warnSpy = vi.spyOn(console, 'warn').mockImplementation(() => {});
+      try {
+        advanceAnimationPlayer(world, resolver, 0.5);
+        // clip 1 at t=0.5 with weight=1: pos=(5,5,5). Slot 2 skipped silently.
+        const tf = world.get(jointE, Transform).unwrap();
+        expect(tf.pos[0]).toBeCloseTo(5);
+        expect(tf.pos[1]).toBeCloseTo(5);
+        expect(tf.pos[2]).toBeCloseTo(5);
+        // No warn emitted for resolver miss (AC-04: invalid handle / miss = silent skip).
+        expect(warnSpy).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+      } finally {
+        warnSpy.mockRestore();
+      }
+    });
+
+    it('clips[i]=0 invalid handle skips slot silently', () => {
+      const world = new World();
+      const sampT = makeSampler([0, 1], [3, 0, 0, 3, 0, 0], 'LINEAR');
+      const clipA = makeClip(1, [
+        { targetId: deriveAnimationTargetId(['joint0']), property: 'translation', sampler: sampT },
+      ]);
+      const resolver = makeResolver(new Map([[1, clipA]]));
+
+      const jointE = world
+        .spawn(
+          { component: Transform, data: defaultTransform },
+          { component: Name, data: { value: 'joint0' } },
+        )
+        .unwrap();
+      world.spawn(
+        {
+          component: AnimationPlayer,
+          data: {
+            clips: [
+              toShared<'AnimationClip'>(1),
+              0 as Handle<'AnimationClip', 'shared'>,
+              0 as Handle<'AnimationClip', 'shared'>,
+              0 as Handle<'AnimationClip', 'shared'>,
+            ],
+            times: new Float32Array([0, 0, 0, 0]),
+            weights: new Float32Array([1, 0, 0, 0]),
+            speeds: new Float32Array([1, 1, 1, 1]),
+          },
+        },
+        {
+          component: Skin,
+          data: { skeleton: toShared<'SkeletonAsset'>(100), joints: new Uint32Array([jointE]) },
+        },
+        { component: Transform, data: defaultTransform },
+      );
+
+      advanceAnimationPlayer(world, resolver, 0);
+      const tf = world.get(jointE, Transform).unwrap();
+      // clipA at t=0 always gives pos=(3,0,0), regardless of other slots being 0.
+      expect(tf.pos[0]).toBeCloseTo(3);
+    });
+
+    it('different durations each modulo independently without warning', () => {
+      const world = new World();
+      const sampTShort = makeSampler([0, 0.5], [0, 0, 0, 0.5, 0, 0], 'LINEAR');
+      const sampTLong = makeSampler([0, 2], [0, 0, 0, 0, 2, 0], 'LINEAR');
+      const clipShort = makeClip(0.5, [
+        {
+          targetId: deriveAnimationTargetId(['joint0']),
+          property: 'translation',
+          sampler: sampTShort,
+        },
+      ]);
+      const clipLong = makeClip(2, [
+        {
+          targetId: deriveAnimationTargetId(['joint0']),
+          property: 'translation',
+          sampler: sampTLong,
+        },
+      ]);
+      const resolver = makeResolver(
+        new Map([
+          [1, clipShort],
+          [2, clipLong],
+        ]),
+      );
+
+      const jointE = world
+        .spawn(
+          { component: Transform, data: defaultTransform },
+          { component: Name, data: { value: 'joint0' } },
+        )
+        .unwrap();
+      world.spawn(
+        {
+          component: AnimationPlayer,
+          data: {
+            clips: [
+              toShared<'AnimationClip'>(1),
+              toShared<'AnimationClip'>(2),
+              0 as Handle<'AnimationClip', 'shared'>,
+              0 as Handle<'AnimationClip', 'shared'>,
+            ],
+            times: new Float32Array([0, 0, 0, 0]),
+            weights: new Float32Array([0.5, 0.5, 0, 0]),
+            speeds: new Float32Array([1, 1, 1, 1]),
+          },
+        },
+        {
+          component: Skin,
+          data: { skeleton: toShared<'SkeletonAsset'>(100), joints: new Uint32Array([jointE]) },
+        },
+        { component: Transform, data: defaultTransform },
+      );
+
+      // Advance by 1.25 seconds.
+      // clipShort (duration=0.5, looping): t = 0 + 1.25 = 1.25 -> 1.25 % 0.5 = 0.25 => pos=(0.25,0,0)
+      // clipLong (duration=2, looping): t = 0 + 1.25 = 1.25 -> 1.25 % 2 = 1.25 => pos=(0,1.25,0)
+      advanceAnimationPlayer(world, resolver, 1.25);
+      const tf = world.get(jointE, Transform).unwrap();
+      // 0.5*(0.25,0,0) + 0.5*(0,1.25,0) => (0.125, 0.625, 0)
+      expect(tf.pos[0]).toBeCloseTo(0.125);
+      expect(tf.pos[1]).toBeCloseTo(0.625);
+    });
+
+    it('targetId mismatch skips channel (no crash)', () => {
+      const world = new World();
+      const sampT = makeSampler([0, 1], [0, 0, 0, 4, 4, 4], 'LINEAR');
+      const clip = makeClip(1, [
+        { targetId: deriveAnimationTargetId(['joint0']), property: 'translation', sampler: sampT },
+        {
+          targetId: deriveAnimationTargetId(['nonexistent-joint']),
+          property: 'translation',
+          sampler: sampT,
+        },
+      ]);
+      const resolver = makeResolver(new Map([[1, clip]]));
+
+      const jointE = world
+        .spawn(
+          { component: Transform, data: defaultTransform },
+          { component: Name, data: { value: 'joint0' } },
+        )
+        .unwrap();
+      world.spawn(
+        {
+          component: AnimationPlayer,
+          data: {
+            clips: [
+              toShared<'AnimationClip'>(1),
+              0 as Handle<'AnimationClip', 'shared'>,
+              0 as Handle<'AnimationClip', 'shared'>,
+              0 as Handle<'AnimationClip', 'shared'>,
+            ],
+            times: new Float32Array([0, 0, 0, 0]),
+            weights: new Float32Array([1, 0, 0, 0]),
+            speeds: new Float32Array([1, 1, 1, 1]),
+          },
+        },
+        {
+          component: Skin,
+          data: { skeleton: toShared<'SkeletonAsset'>(100), joints: new Uint32Array([jointE]) },
+        },
+        { component: Transform, data: defaultTransform },
+      );
+
+      // Should not crash — the nonexistent-joint channel is skipped.
+      expect(() => advanceAnimationPlayer(world, resolver, 0.5)).not.toThrow();
+      // The joint0 channel still applies.
+      const tf = world.get(jointE, Transform).unwrap();
+      expect(tf.pos[0]).toBeCloseTo(2); // lerp(0,4,0.5) = 2
+    });
+
+    it('two-slot quat nlerp with sign fix (opposite hemispheres)', () => {
+      const world = new World();
+      // Clip 1: quat rotates 90 degrees around y (0, 0.707, 0, 0.707)
+      // Clip 2: quat rotates -90 degrees around y (0, -0.707, 0, 0.707)
+      // Dot = 0*0 + 0.707*(-0.707) + 0*0 + 0.707*0.707 = -0.5 + 0.5 = 0.
+      // Sign fix will negate one for short-arc nlerp.
+      const sampR1 = makeSampler(
+        [0, 1],
+        [0, Math.SQRT1_2, 0, Math.SQRT1_2, 0, Math.SQRT1_2, 0, Math.SQRT1_2],
+        'LINEAR',
+      );
+      const sampR2 = makeSampler(
+        [0, 1],
+        [0, -Math.SQRT1_2, 0, Math.SQRT1_2, 0, -Math.SQRT1_2, 0, Math.SQRT1_2],
+        'LINEAR',
+      );
+      const clipA = makeClip(1, [
+        { targetId: deriveAnimationTargetId(['joint0']), property: 'rotation', sampler: sampR1 },
+      ]);
+      const clipB = makeClip(1, [
+        { targetId: deriveAnimationTargetId(['joint0']), property: 'rotation', sampler: sampR2 },
+      ]);
+      const resolver = makeResolver(
+        new Map([
+          [1, clipA],
+          [2, clipB],
+        ]),
+      );
+
+      const jointE = world
+        .spawn(
+          { component: Transform, data: defaultTransform },
+          { component: Name, data: { value: 'joint0' } },
+        )
+        .unwrap();
+      world.spawn(
+        {
+          component: AnimationPlayer,
+          data: {
+            clips: [
+              toShared<'AnimationClip'>(1),
+              toShared<'AnimationClip'>(2),
+              0 as Handle<'AnimationClip', 'shared'>,
+              0 as Handle<'AnimationClip', 'shared'>,
+            ],
+            times: new Float32Array([0.5, 0.5, 0, 0]),
+            weights: new Float32Array([0.5, 0.5, 0, 0]),
+            speeds: new Float32Array([1, 1, 1, 1]),
+          },
+        },
+        {
+          component: Skin,
+          data: { skeleton: toShared<'SkeletonAsset'>(100), joints: new Uint32Array([jointE]) },
+        },
+        { component: Transform, data: defaultTransform },
+      );
+
+      expect(() => advanceAnimationPlayer(world, resolver, 0.5)).not.toThrow();
+      const tf = world.get(jointE, Transform).unwrap();
+      // nlerp of equal-weight opposite y-rotations should give identity-ish result.
+      // quatX/quatZ should stay near 0, quatW stays near 1.
+      expect(Math.abs(tf.quat[1])).toBeLessThan(0.01);
+      expect(tf.quat[3]).toBeGreaterThan(0.99);
+    });
+
+    it('speed<0 reverses time (looping wraparound)', () => {
+      const world = new World();
+      const sampT = makeSampler([0, 2], [0, 0, 0, 2, 0, 0], 'LINEAR');
+      const clip = makeClip(2, [
+        { targetId: deriveAnimationTargetId(['joint0']), property: 'translation', sampler: sampT },
+      ]);
+      const resolver = makeResolver(new Map([[1, clip]]));
+
+      const jointE = world
+        .spawn(
+          { component: Transform, data: defaultTransform },
+          { component: Name, data: { value: 'joint0' } },
+        )
+        .unwrap();
+      world.spawn(
+        {
+          component: AnimationPlayer,
+          data: {
+            clips: [
+              toShared<'AnimationClip'>(1),
+              0 as Handle<'AnimationClip', 'shared'>,
+              0 as Handle<'AnimationClip', 'shared'>,
+              0 as Handle<'AnimationClip', 'shared'>,
+            ],
+            times: new Float32Array([0.5, 0, 0, 0]),
+            weights: new Float32Array([1, 0, 0, 0]),
+            speeds: new Float32Array([-2, 1, 1, 1]),
+          },
+        },
+        {
+          component: Skin,
+          data: { skeleton: toShared<'SkeletonAsset'>(100), joints: new Uint32Array([jointE]) },
+        },
+        { component: Transform, data: defaultTransform },
+      );
+
+      advanceAnimationPlayer(world, resolver, 0.5); // t = 0.5 + (-2)*0.5 = -0.5 => -0.5 % 2 = -0.5 => -0.5+2=1.5
+      const tf = world.get(jointE, Transform).unwrap();
+      expect(tf.pos[0]).toBeCloseTo(1.5); // lerp(0,2,0.75) = 1.5
+    });
+
+    it('entity with Skin but empty joints is skipped', () => {
+      const world = new World();
+      const sampT = makeSampler([0, 1], [0, 0, 0, 4, 4, 4], 'LINEAR');
+      const clip = makeClip(1, [
+        { targetId: deriveAnimationTargetId(['joint0']), property: 'translation', sampler: sampT },
+      ]);
+      const resolver = makeResolver(new Map([[1, clip]]));
+
+      world.spawn(
+        {
+          component: AnimationPlayer,
+          data: {
+            clips: [
+              toShared<'AnimationClip'>(1),
+              0 as Handle<'AnimationClip', 'shared'>,
+              0 as Handle<'AnimationClip', 'shared'>,
+              0 as Handle<'AnimationClip', 'shared'>,
+            ],
+            times: new Float32Array([0, 0, 0, 0]),
+            weights: new Float32Array([1, 0, 0, 0]),
+            speeds: new Float32Array([1, 1, 1, 1]),
+          },
+        },
+        {
+          component: Skin,
+          data: { skeleton: toShared<'SkeletonAsset'>(100), joints: new Uint32Array(0) },
+        },
+        { component: Transform, data: defaultTransform },
+      );
+
+      expect(() => advanceAnimationPlayer(world, resolver, 0.5)).not.toThrow();
+    });
+  });
+
+  // ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+  // M3 / w9 — sample writes counting (per-joint single world.set, not
+  // per-channel triple set). Spies on World.prototype.set to count calls
+  // matching Transform writes on joint entities.
+  // ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+  describe('M3 per-joint sample writes count assertion', () => {
+    it('world.set callCount = joint count (not joints x channels)', () => {
+      const world = new World();
+      // 2 joints + 3 channels (translation/rotation/scale) per clip
+      // = 2 clips x 2 joints x 3 channels = 12 channels total.
+      // If per-channel set were kept, callCount would be 6 (2 joints x 3 channels).
+      // With per-joint accumulator: callCount = 2 (one per joint).
+      const sampT = makeSampler([0, 1], [0, 0, 0, 3, 0, 0], 'LINEAR');
+      const sampR = makeSampler([0, 1], [0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1], 'LINEAR');
+      const sampS = makeSampler([0, 1], [1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2], 'LINEAR');
+      const clipA = makeClip(1, [
+        { targetId: deriveAnimationTargetId(['jointA']), property: 'translation', sampler: sampT },
+        { targetId: deriveAnimationTargetId(['jointA']), property: 'rotation', sampler: sampR },
+        { targetId: deriveAnimationTargetId(['jointA']), property: 'scale', sampler: sampS },
+        { targetId: deriveAnimationTargetId(['jointB']), property: 'translation', sampler: sampT },
+        { targetId: deriveAnimationTargetId(['jointB']), property: 'rotation', sampler: sampR },
+        { targetId: deriveAnimationTargetId(['jointB']), property: 'scale', sampler: sampS },
+      ]);
+      const resolver = makeResolver(new Map([[1, clipA]]));
+
+      const jointA = world
+        .spawn(
+          { component: Transform, data: defaultTransform },
+          { component: Name, data: { value: 'jointA' } },
+        )
+        .unwrap();
+      const jointB = world
+        .spawn(
+          { component: Transform, data: defaultTransform },
+          { component: Name, data: { value: 'jointB' } },
+        )
+        .unwrap();
+
+      world.spawn(
+        {
+          component: AnimationPlayer,
+          data: {
+            clips: [
+              toShared<'AnimationClip'>(1),
+              0 as Handle<'AnimationClip', 'shared'>,
+              0 as Handle<'AnimationClip', 'shared'>,
+              0 as Handle<'AnimationClip', 'shared'>,
+            ],
+            times: new Float32Array([0, 0, 0, 0]),
+            weights: new Float32Array([1, 0, 0, 0]),
+            speeds: new Float32Array([1, 1, 1, 1]),
+          },
+        },
+        {
+          component: Skin,
+          data: {
+            skeleton: toShared<'SkeletonAsset'>(100),
+            joints: new Uint32Array([jointA, jointB]),
+          },
+        },
+        { component: Transform, data: defaultTransform },
+      );
+
+      // Spy on world.set — count calls whose first arg is jointA or jointB.
+      const jointHandles = new Set<number>([
+        jointA as unknown as number,
+        jointB as unknown as number,
+      ]);
+      let setCount = 0;
+      const origSet = world.set.bind(world);
+      world.set = (...args: unknown[]) => {
+        const entity = args[0] as unknown as number;
+        if (jointHandles.has(entity)) setCount++;
+        return origSet(...args) as ReturnType<typeof world.set>;
+      };
+
+      try {
+        advanceAnimationPlayer(world, resolver, 0.5);
+        // 2 joints, each receives exactly 1 set(Transform, partial).
+        // NOT 6 (2 joints x 3 channels).
+        expect(setCount).toBe(2);
+      } finally {
+        world.set = origSet;
+      }
+    });
+  });
+}