@forgeax/engine-render 0.1.33 → 0.1.35

package/src/__tests__/surface-submission-observation.unit.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,812 @@
+import { describe, expect, it } from 'vitest';
+import {
+  decodeSurfaceIndirectParameters,
+  SurfaceSubmissionObservationOwner,
+} from '../surface/submission-observation';
+
+function deferred(): {
+  readonly promise: Promise<void>;
+  readonly resolve: () => void;
+  readonly reject: (reason?: unknown) => void;
+} {
+  let resolve!: () => void;
+  let reject!: (reason?: unknown) => void;
+  const promise = new Promise<void>((accept, decline) => {
+    resolve = accept;
+    reject = decline;
+  });
+  return { promise, resolve, reject };
+}
+
+function isMainViewIdentity(value: string): value is 'main:0' {
+  return value === 'main:0';
+}
+
+describe('SurfaceSubmissionObservationOwner', () => {
+  it('does not publish an encoded command when recording or submit aborts', () => {
+    const owner = new SurfaceSubmissionObservationOwner(() => 2);
+    const aborted = owner.begin({
+      frameId: 1,
+      requestedLane: 'direct',
+      deviceGeneration: 2,
+      resourceGeneration: 3,
+    });
+    aborted.record('color', {
+      kind: 'draw',
+      count: 3,
+      first: 0,
+      instanceCount: 1,
+      firstInstance: 0,
+      surfaceFrameBase: 4,
+      memberIds: ['["world",1,0,0]'],
+      pipelineIdentity: 9,
+    });
+    aborted.abort();
+    expect(owner.inspect()).toBeUndefined();
+  });
+
+  it('publishes only actual commands after the matching completion fence', async () => {
+    let generation = 4;
+    const owner = new SurfaceSubmissionObservationOwner(() => generation);
+    const empty = owner.begin({
+      frameId: 1,
+      requestedLane: 'direct',
+      deviceGeneration: generation,
+      resourceGeneration: 7,
+    });
+    empty.submit(Promise.resolve(), 3);
+    await Promise.resolve();
+    expect(owner.inspect()).toBeUndefined();
+
+    const completion = deferred();
+    const direct = owner.begin({
+      frameId: 2,
+      requestedLane: 'direct',
+      deviceGeneration: generation,
+      resourceGeneration: 7,
+    });
+    direct.record('nearest-layer', {
+      kind: 'draw-indexed',
+      count: 6,
+      first: 12,
+      instanceCount: 2,
+      firstInstance: 0,
+      surfaceFrameBase: 4,
+      memberIds: ['0:9:1:1', '0:9:1:2'],
+      pipelineIdentity: 11,
+      receiptIdentity: 'surface@7',
+      receiptGeneration: 7,
+    });
+    direct.submit(completion.promise, 5);
+    expect(owner.inspect()).toMatchObject({
+      frameId: 2,
+      requestedLane: 'direct',
+      actualLane: 'direct',
+      status: 'submitted',
+    });
+    completion.resolve();
+    await completion.promise;
+    await Promise.resolve();
+    expect(owner.inspect()).toMatchObject({
+      status: 'completed',
+      passes: [
+        {
+          pass: 'nearest-layer',
+          commands: [
+            {
+              kind: 'draw-indexed',
+              programEvidence: 'producer-receipt',
+              receiptIdentity: 'surface@7',
+              receiptGeneration: 7,
+            },
+          ],
+        },
+      ],
+    });
+
+    generation += 1;
+  });
+
+  it('derives the GPU lane from indirect encode and rejects failed or stale completion', async () => {
+    let generation = 8;
+    const owner = new SurfaceSubmissionObservationOwner(() => generation);
+    const rejectedFence = deferred();
+    const rejected = owner.begin({
+      frameId: 3,
+      requestedLane: 'direct',
+      deviceGeneration: generation,
+      resourceGeneration: 4,
+    });
+    rejected.record('color', {
+      kind: 'draw-indirect',
+      indirectBufferIdentity: 22,
+      indirectOffset: 64,
+      pipelineIdentity: 33,
+    });
+    rejected.submit(rejectedFence.promise, 6);
+    rejectedFence.reject(new Error('completion failed'));
+    await rejectedFence.promise.catch(() => undefined);
+    await Promise.resolve();
+    expect(owner.inspect()).toMatchObject({
+      status: 'submitted',
+      requestedLane: 'direct',
+      actualLane: 'gpu-driven',
+      passes: [{ memberEvidence: 'indirect-readback-required' }],
+    });
+
+    const staleFence = deferred();
+    const stale = owner.begin({
+      frameId: 4,
+      requestedLane: 'direct',
+      deviceGeneration: generation,
+      resourceGeneration: 5,
+    });
+    stale.record('color', {
+      kind: 'draw',
+      count: 3,
+      first: 0,
+      instanceCount: 1,
+      firstInstance: 0,
+      surfaceFrameBase: 0,
+      memberIds: ['0:1:0:0'],
+      pipelineIdentity: 44,
+    });
+    stale.submit(staleFence.promise, 7);
+    generation += 1;
+    staleFence.resolve();
+    await staleFence.promise;
+    await Promise.resolve();
+    expect(owner.inspect()).toMatchObject({ frameId: 4, status: 'submitted' });
+  });
+
+  it('publishes the current-frame MRT fallback reason and clears it when GPU resumes', async () => {
+    const owner = new SurfaceSubmissionObservationOwner(() => 1);
+    const fallback = owner.begin({
+      frameId: 20,
+      requestedLane: 'gpu-driven',
+      deviceGeneration: 1,
+      resourceGeneration: 3,
+    });
+    fallback.setActualLaneReason('reflection-fallback-mrt');
+    fallback.record('color', {
+      kind: 'draw',
+      count: 3,
+      first: 0,
+      instanceCount: 1,
+      firstInstance: 0,
+      surfaceFrameBase: 0,
+      memberIds: ['fallback'],
+      pipelineIdentity: 1,
+    });
+    fallback.submit(Promise.resolve(), 2);
+    await Promise.resolve();
+    expect(owner.inspect()).toMatchObject({
+      frameId: 20,
+      requestedLane: 'gpu-driven',
+      actualLane: 'direct',
+      actualLaneReason: 'reflection-fallback-mrt',
+      status: 'completed',
+    });
+
+    const resumed = owner.begin({
+      frameId: 21,
+      requestedLane: 'gpu-driven',
+      deviceGeneration: 1,
+      resourceGeneration: 4,
+    });
+    resumed.record('color', {
+      kind: 'draw-indirect',
+      indirectBufferIdentity: 8,
+      indirectOffset: 0,
+      pipelineIdentity: 2,
+    });
+    resumed.submit(Promise.resolve(), 3);
+    await Promise.resolve();
+    expect(owner.inspect()).toMatchObject({
+      frameId: 21,
+      requestedLane: 'gpu-driven',
+      actualLane: 'gpu-driven',
+      status: 'completed',
+    });
+    expect(owner.inspect()).not.toHaveProperty('actualLaneReason');
+  });
+
+  it('does not let an older completion overwrite the newest frame', async () => {
+    const owner = new SurfaceSubmissionObservationOwner(() => 3);
+    const oldFence = deferred();
+    const old = owner.begin({
+      frameId: 10,
+      requestedLane: 'direct',
+      deviceGeneration: 3,
+      resourceGeneration: 1,
+    });
+    old.record('color', {
+      kind: 'draw',
+      count: 3,
+      first: 0,
+      instanceCount: 1,
+      firstInstance: 0,
+      surfaceFrameBase: 0,
+      memberIds: ['0:1:0:0'],
+      pipelineIdentity: 1,
+    });
+    old.submit(oldFence.promise, 1);
+
+    const current = owner.begin({
+      frameId: 11,
+      requestedLane: 'gpu-driven',
+      deviceGeneration: 3,
+      resourceGeneration: 2,
+    });
+    current.record('color', {
+      kind: 'draw-indexed-indirect',
+      indirectBufferIdentity: 2,
+      indirectOffset: 32,
+      pipelineIdentity: 3,
+    });
+    current.submit(Promise.resolve(), 2);
+    await Promise.resolve();
+    await Promise.resolve();
+    oldFence.resolve();
+    await oldFence.promise;
+    await Promise.resolve();
+    expect(owner.inspect()).toMatchObject({ frameId: 11, status: 'completed' });
+  });
+
+  it('binds same-generation GPU members to recording frame and indirect ranges', async () => {
+    const owner = new SurfaceSubmissionObservationOwner(() => 1);
+    const submit = async (frameId: number, indirectOffset: number) => {
+      const candidate = owner.begin({
+        frameId,
+        requestedLane: 'gpu-driven',
+        deviceGeneration: 1,
+        resourceGeneration: 7,
+      });
+      for (const pass of ['nearest-layer', 'color'] as const) {
+        candidate.record(pass, {
+          kind: 'draw-indirect',
+          indirectBufferIdentity: 2,
+          indirectOffset,
+          pipelineIdentity: 3,
+          receiptIdentity: `surface@${frameId}`,
+          receiptGeneration: frameId,
+        });
+      }
+      candidate.submit(Promise.resolve(), 1);
+      await Promise.resolve();
+      await Promise.resolve();
+      return candidate.gpuReadbackSnapshot();
+    };
+
+    const frameA = await submit(10, 0);
+    const frameB = await submit(11, 32);
+    if (frameA === undefined || frameB === undefined) {
+      throw new Error('expected submitted GPU readback snapshots');
+    }
+    if (!isMainViewIdentity(frameB.viewIdentity)) {
+      throw new Error(`expected main view recording, got ${frameB.viewIdentity}`);
+    }
+    const frameBViewIdentity = frameB.viewIdentity;
+    owner.publishGpuMembers(
+      { recording: frameA, memberIds: ['frame-a-member'] },
+      { frameId: 11, deviceGeneration: 1 },
+    );
+    expect(owner.inspect()?.passes[0]?.memberIds).toBeUndefined();
+
+    owner.publishGpuMembers(
+      {
+        recording: { ...frameB, viewIdentity: 'secondary:0' },
+        memberIds: ['wrong-view'],
+      },
+      { frameId: 11, deviceGeneration: 1 },
+    );
+    owner.publishGpuMembers(
+      { recording: frameB, memberIds: ['wrong-device'] },
+      { frameId: 11, deviceGeneration: 2 },
+    );
+    owner.publishGpuMembers(
+      {
+        recording: { ...frameB, passes: [...frameB.passes].reverse() },
+        memberIds: ['wrong-pass-order'],
+      },
+      { frameId: 11, deviceGeneration: 1 },
+    );
+    expect(owner.inspect()?.passes[0]?.memberIds).toBeUndefined();
+
+    owner.publishGpuMembers(
+      {
+        recording: {
+          ...frameB,
+          passes: frameB.passes.map((pass) => ({
+            ...pass,
+            ranges: pass.ranges.map((range) => ({ ...range, indirectOffset: 64 })),
+          })),
+        },
+        memberIds: ['wrong-range'],
+      },
+      { frameId: 11, deviceGeneration: 1 },
+    );
+    expect(owner.inspect()?.passes[0]?.memberIds).toBeUndefined();
+
+    owner.publishGpuMembers(
+      {
+        recording: frameB,
+        memberIds: ['frame-b-member'],
+        indirectParameters: frameB.passes.flatMap((pass) =>
+          pass.ranges.map((range) => ({
+            sequence: frameB.sequence,
+            frameId: frameB.frameId,
+            deviceGeneration: frameB.deviceGeneration,
+            resourceGeneration: frameB.resourceGeneration,
+            viewIdentity: frameBViewIdentity,
+            pass: pass.pass,
+            kind: range.kind,
+            indirectBufferIdentity: range.indirectBufferIdentity,
+            indirectOffset: range.indirectOffset,
+            count: 6,
+            first: 12,
+            instanceCount: 2,
+            baseVertex: -3,
+            firstInstance: 4,
+          })),
+        ),
+      },
+      { frameId: 11, deviceGeneration: 1 },
+    );
+    const publishedPasses = owner.inspect()?.passes ?? [];
+    expect(publishedPasses).toHaveLength(2);
+    expect(publishedPasses[0]).toMatchObject({
+      memberEvidence: 'indirect-visible-readback',
+      memberIds: ['frame-b-member'],
+      indirectParameters: expect.arrayContaining([
+        expect.objectContaining({
+          sequence: frameB.sequence,
+          frameId: frameB.frameId,
+          deviceGeneration: frameB.deviceGeneration,
+          resourceGeneration: frameB.resourceGeneration,
+          pass: 'nearest-layer',
+          indirectBufferIdentity: 2,
+          indirectOffset: 32,
+          count: 6,
+          first: 12,
+          instanceCount: 2,
+          baseVertex: -3,
+          firstInstance: 4,
+        }),
+      ]),
+    });
+  });
+
+  it('decodes indexed and non-indexed indirect words and rejects metadata/truncation', () => {
+    const recording = {
+      sequence: 12,
+      frameId: 20,
+      deviceGeneration: 4,
+      resourceGeneration: 9,
+      viewIdentity: 'main:0' as const,
+      passes: [
+        {
+          pass: 'nearest-layer' as const,
+          totalCommandCount: 1,
+          savedCommandCount: 1,
+          droppedCommandCount: 0,
+          truncated: false,
+          ranges: [
+            {
+              kind: 'draw-indexed-indirect' as const,
+              indirectBufferIdentity: 77,
+              indirectOffset: 0,
+            },
+          ],
+        },
+        {
+          pass: 'color' as const,
+          totalCommandCount: 1,
+          savedCommandCount: 1,
+          droppedCommandCount: 0,
+          truncated: false,
+          ranges: [
+            {
+              kind: 'draw-indirect' as const,
+              indirectBufferIdentity: 77,
+              indirectOffset: 20,
+            },
+          ],
+        },
+      ],
+    };
+    const bytes = new ArrayBuffer(40);
+    const view = new DataView(bytes);
+    view.setUint32(0, 36, true);
+    view.setUint32(4, 2, true);
+    view.setUint32(8, 12, true);
+    view.setInt32(12, -3, true);
+    view.setUint32(16, 4, true);
+    view.setUint32(20, 7, true);
+    view.setUint32(24, 9, true);
+    view.setUint32(28, 5, true);
+    view.setUint32(32, 6, true);
+    const decoded = decodeSurfaceIndirectParameters({
+      bytes,
+      byteOffset: 0,
+      byteLength: bytes.byteLength,
+      indirectBufferIdentity: 77,
+      recording,
+    });
+    expect(decoded.ok).toBe(true);
+    if (decoded.ok) {
+      expect(decoded.value).toMatchObject([
+        {
+          sequence: 12,
+          frameId: 20,
+          deviceGeneration: 4,
+          resourceGeneration: 9,
+          pass: 'nearest-layer',
+          kind: 'draw-indexed-indirect',
+          indirectBufferIdentity: 77,
+          indirectOffset: 0,
+          count: 36,
+          first: 12,
+          instanceCount: 2,
+          baseVertex: -3,
+          firstInstance: 4,
+        },
+        {
+          pass: 'color',
+          kind: 'draw-indirect',
+          indirectOffset: 20,
+          count: 7,
+          first: 5,
+          instanceCount: 9,
+          baseVertex: 0,
+          firstInstance: 6,
+        },
+      ]);
+    }
+    const wrongBuffer = decodeSurfaceIndirectParameters({
+      bytes,
+      byteOffset: 0,
+      byteLength: bytes.byteLength,
+      indirectBufferIdentity: 78,
+      recording,
+    });
+    expect(wrongBuffer).toMatchObject({
+      ok: false,
+      error: { code: 'indirect-readback-metadata-mismatch' },
+    });
+    const truncated = decodeSurfaceIndirectParameters({
+      bytes,
+      byteOffset: 0,
+      byteLength: 36,
+      indirectBufferIdentity: 77,
+      recording,
+    });
+    expect(truncated).toMatchObject({
+      ok: false,
+      error: { code: 'indirect-readback-truncated' },
+    });
+  });
+
+  it('marks a valid truncated command sample without publishing partial parameters', async () => {
+    const owner = new SurfaceSubmissionObservationOwner(() => 1);
+    const candidate = owner.begin({
+      frameId: 34,
+      requestedLane: 'gpu-driven',
+      deviceGeneration: 1,
+      resourceGeneration: 8,
+    });
+    for (let index = 0; index < 33; index += 1) {
+      candidate.record('nearest-layer', {
+        kind: 'draw-indexed-indirect',
+        indirectBufferIdentity: 55,
+        indirectOffset: index * 20,
+        pipelineIdentity: 9,
+      });
+    }
+    candidate.record('color', {
+      kind: 'draw-indirect',
+      indirectBufferIdentity: 55,
+      indirectOffset: 660,
+      pipelineIdentity: 10,
+    });
+    candidate.submit(Promise.resolve(), 3);
+    await Promise.resolve();
+    await Promise.resolve();
+    const recording = candidate.gpuReadbackSnapshot();
+    if (recording === undefined) throw new Error('expected an indirect readback snapshot');
+    if (!isMainViewIdentity(recording.viewIdentity)) {
+      throw new Error(`expected main view recording, got ${recording.viewIdentity}`);
+    }
+    const recordingViewIdentity = recording.viewIdentity;
+    expect(recording.passes[0]).toMatchObject({
+      pass: 'nearest-layer',
+      totalCommandCount: 33,
+      savedCommandCount: 32,
+      droppedCommandCount: 1,
+      truncated: true,
+    });
+    const parameters = recording.passes.flatMap((pass) =>
+      pass.ranges.map((range) => ({
+        sequence: recording.sequence,
+        frameId: recording.frameId,
+        deviceGeneration: recording.deviceGeneration,
+        resourceGeneration: recording.resourceGeneration,
+        viewIdentity: recordingViewIdentity,
+        pass: pass.pass,
+        kind: range.kind,
+        indirectBufferIdentity: range.indirectBufferIdentity,
+        indirectOffset: range.indirectOffset,
+        count: 12,
+        first: 9,
+        instanceCount: 1,
+        baseVertex: 4,
+        firstInstance: 0,
+      })),
+    );
+    owner.publishGpuMembers(
+      { recording, memberIds: ['visible-member'], indirectParameters: parameters },
+      { frameId: 34, deviceGeneration: 1 },
+    );
+    const published = owner.inspect();
+    expect(published?.passes).toHaveLength(2);
+    expect(published?.passes[0]).toMatchObject({
+      memberEvidence: 'indirect-visible-readback-truncated',
+      totalCommandCount: 33,
+      savedCommandCount: 32,
+      droppedCommandCount: 1,
+      truncated: true,
+    });
+    expect(published?.passes[0]?.indirectParameters).toBeUndefined();
+    expect(published?.passes[1]).toMatchObject({
+      memberEvidence: 'indirect-visible-readback',
+      indirectParameters: [expect.objectContaining({ pass: 'color', indirectOffset: 660 })],
+    });
+
+    const accepted = owner.inspect();
+    owner.publishGpuMembers(0, { frameId: 34, deviceGeneration: 1 });
+    owner.publishGpuMembers(
+      {
+        recording: { ...recording, frameId: 35, passes: recording.passes },
+        memberIds: ['wrong-frame'],
+      },
+      { frameId: 34, deviceGeneration: 1 },
+    );
+    owner.publishGpuMembers(
+      {
+        recording: {
+          ...recording,
+          passes: recording.passes.map((pass) => ({
+            ...pass,
+            ranges: pass.ranges.map((range) => ({
+              ...range,
+              indirectBufferIdentity: range.indirectBufferIdentity + 1,
+            })),
+          })),
+        },
+        memberIds: ['wrong-buffer'],
+        indirectParameters: parameters,
+      },
+      { frameId: 34, deviceGeneration: 1 },
+    );
+    expect(owner.inspect()).toBe(accepted);
+  });
+
+  it('keeps accepted GPU evidence when a later readback is missing or mismatched', async () => {
+    const owner = new SurfaceSubmissionObservationOwner(() => 1);
+    const candidate = owner.begin({
+      frameId: 35,
+      requestedLane: 'gpu-driven',
+      deviceGeneration: 1,
+      resourceGeneration: 9,
+    });
+    candidate.record('nearest-layer', {
+      kind: 'draw-indexed-indirect',
+      indirectBufferIdentity: 61,
+      indirectOffset: 0,
+      pipelineIdentity: 11,
+    });
+    candidate.record('color', {
+      kind: 'draw-indirect',
+      indirectBufferIdentity: 61,
+      indirectOffset: 20,
+      pipelineIdentity: 12,
+    });
+    candidate.submit(Promise.resolve(), 4);
+    await Promise.resolve();
+    await Promise.resolve();
+    const recording = candidate.gpuReadbackSnapshot();
+    if (recording === undefined) throw new Error('expected an indirect readback snapshot');
+    if (!isMainViewIdentity(recording.viewIdentity)) {
+      throw new Error(`expected main view recording, got ${recording.viewIdentity}`);
+    }
+    const recordingViewIdentity = recording.viewIdentity;
+
+    const target = { frameId: 35, deviceGeneration: 1 };
+    const beforeMissing = owner.inspect();
+    owner.publishGpuMembers({ recording, memberIds: ['missing'] }, target);
+    expect(owner.inspect()).toBe(beforeMissing);
+
+    const parameters = recording.passes.flatMap((pass) =>
+      pass.ranges.map((range) => ({
+        sequence: recording.sequence,
+        frameId: recording.frameId,
+        deviceGeneration: recording.deviceGeneration,
+        resourceGeneration: recording.resourceGeneration,
+        viewIdentity: recordingViewIdentity,
+        pass: pass.pass,
+        kind: range.kind,
+        indirectBufferIdentity: range.indirectBufferIdentity,
+        indirectOffset: range.indirectOffset,
+        count: 8,
+        first: 4,
+        instanceCount: 1,
+        baseVertex: 2,
+        firstInstance: 0,
+      })),
+    );
+    owner.publishGpuMembers(
+      { recording, memberIds: ['accepted'], indirectParameters: parameters },
+      target,
+    );
+    const accepted = owner.inspect();
+    expect(
+      accepted?.passes.every((pass) => pass.memberEvidence === 'indirect-visible-readback'),
+    ).toBe(true);
+
+    owner.publishGpuMembers({ recording, memberIds: ['different'] }, target);
+    expect(owner.inspect()).toBe(accepted);
+
+    owner.publishGpuMembers(
+      { recording, memberIds: ['wrong-count'], indirectParameters: [] },
+      target,
+    );
+    expect(owner.inspect()).toBe(accepted);
+
+    owner.publishGpuMembers(
+      { recording, memberIds: ['wrong-order'], indirectParameters: [...parameters].reverse() },
+      target,
+    );
+    expect(owner.inspect()).toBe(accepted);
+
+    const wrongIdentity = parameters.map((parameter, index) =>
+      index === 0
+        ? { ...parameter, indirectBufferIdentity: parameter.indirectBufferIdentity + 1 }
+        : parameter,
+    );
+    owner.publishGpuMembers(
+      { recording, memberIds: ['wrong-identity'], indirectParameters: wrongIdentity },
+      target,
+    );
+    expect(owner.inspect()).toBe(accepted);
+  });
+
+  it.each([
+    [31, 31, 0, false],
+    [32, 32, 0, false],
+    [33, 32, 1, true],
+  ] as const)('reports %i encoded commands as total/saved/dropped/truncated', async (total, saved, dropped, truncated) => {
+    const owner = new SurfaceSubmissionObservationOwner(() => 1);
+    const candidate = owner.begin({
+      frameId: total,
+      requestedLane: 'direct',
+      deviceGeneration: 1,
+      resourceGeneration: 7,
+    });
+    for (let index = 0; index < total; index += 1) {
+      candidate.record('color', {
+        kind: 'draw',
+        count: 3,
+        first: 0,
+        instanceCount: 1,
+        firstInstance: 0,
+        surfaceFrameBase: index,
+        memberIds: [String(index)],
+        pipelineIdentity: 3,
+      });
+    }
+    candidate.submit(Promise.resolve(), 1);
+    await Promise.resolve();
+    await Promise.resolve();
+    expect(owner.inspect()?.passes[0]).toMatchObject({
+      commandCount: total,
+      totalCommandCount: total,
+      savedCommandCount: saved,
+      droppedCommandCount: dropped,
+      truncated,
+      memberEvidence: truncated ? 'direct-command-members-truncated' : 'direct-command-members',
+    });
+  });
+
+  it('derives the actual lane from a capped-out indirect command', async () => {
+    const owner = new SurfaceSubmissionObservationOwner(() => 1);
+    const candidate = owner.begin({
+      frameId: 33,
+      requestedLane: 'direct',
+      deviceGeneration: 1,
+      resourceGeneration: 7,
+    });
+    for (let index = 0; index < 32; index += 1) {
+      candidate.record('color', {
+        kind: 'draw',
+        count: 3,
+        first: 0,
+        instanceCount: 1,
+        firstInstance: 0,
+        surfaceFrameBase: index,
+        memberIds: [String(index)],
+        pipelineIdentity: 3,
+      });
+    }
+    candidate.record('color', {
+      kind: 'draw-indirect',
+      indirectBufferIdentity: 4,
+      indirectOffset: 64,
+      pipelineIdentity: 5,
+    });
+    candidate.submit(Promise.resolve(), 1);
+    await Promise.resolve();
+    await Promise.resolve();
+    expect(owner.inspect()).toMatchObject({
+      actualLane: 'gpu-driven',
+      passes: [
+        {
+          totalCommandCount: 33,
+          savedCommandCount: 32,
+          droppedCommandCount: 1,
+          truncated: true,
+          memberEvidence: 'indirect-readback-required',
+        },
+      ],
+    });
+  });
+
+  it('keeps the selected producer receipt on each direct command', async () => {
+    const owner = new SurfaceSubmissionObservationOwner(() => 1);
+    const candidate = owner.begin({
+      frameId: 1,
+      requestedLane: 'direct',
+      deviceGeneration: 1,
+      resourceGeneration: 7,
+    });
+    for (const [surfaceFrameBase, receipt] of [
+      [4, { identity: 'water-a@1', generation: 1 }],
+      [8, { identity: 'water-b@3', generation: 3 }],
+      [12, undefined],
+    ] as const) {
+      candidate.record('color', {
+        kind: 'draw',
+        count: 3,
+        first: 0,
+        instanceCount: 1,
+        firstInstance: 0,
+        surfaceFrameBase,
+        memberIds: [`member-${surfaceFrameBase}`],
+        pipelineIdentity: surfaceFrameBase,
+        ...(receipt === undefined
+          ? {}
+          : {
+              receiptIdentity: receipt.identity,
+              receiptGeneration: receipt.generation,
+            }),
+      });
+    }
+    candidate.submit(Promise.resolve(), 1);
+    await Promise.resolve();
+    await Promise.resolve();
+    expect(owner.inspect()?.passes[0]?.commands).toMatchObject([
+      {
+        surfaceFrameBase: 4,
+        receiptIdentity: 'water-a@1',
+        receiptGeneration: 1,
+        programEvidence: 'producer-receipt',
+      },
+      {
+        surfaceFrameBase: 8,
+        receiptIdentity: 'water-b@3',
+        receiptGeneration: 3,
+        programEvidence: 'producer-receipt',
+      },
+      { surfaceFrameBase: 12, programEvidence: 'missing' },
+    ]);
+  });
+});