@forgeax/engine-render 0.1.23 → 0.1.24

package/dist/{chunk-DIYW3M5D.mjs → chunk-Z3YYH2MB.mjs}

@@ -1,17 +1,18 @@
 import { GlyphText, selectActiveCameraIndex, getActiveCamera } from './chunk-FJ6P52EE.mjs';
-import { MeshRenderer, MeshFilter, DirectionalLight, validateDirectionalLightData, PointLight, computeInvRangeSquared, SpotLight, degToCos, RectAreaLight, validateRectAreaLightData, directionalShadowQualityFromF32, PointLightShadow, Skylight, LightProbe, validateLightProbeData, SkyboxBackground, Atmosphere, Instances, Layer, Points, Lines, SortKey, resolveMeshMaterialBindings, pointShapeFromU32, PostProcessParams, Fog, resolveVisibility, VolumetricFog, resolveSelectedVolumetricLight, extractVolumetricFog, CubeCamera, cubeCameraUpdateIntentFromF32, ReflectionProbe, reflectionProbeUpdateIntentFromF32, tonemapToU32, MotionBlur, Camera, bloomEnabledFromF32, antialiasFromF32, tonemapFromF32, cameraProjectionFromF32 } from './chunk-FF7K3FSO.mjs';
+import { MeshRenderer, MeshFilter, DirectionalLight, validateDirectionalLightData, PointLight, computeInvRangeSquared, SpotLight, degToCos, RectAreaLight, validateRectAreaLightData, directionalShadowQualityFromF32, PointLightShadow, Skylight, LightProbe, validateLightProbeData, SkyboxBackground, Atmosphere, Instances, Layer, Points, Lines, SortKey, resolveMeshMaterialBindings, pointShapeFromU32, PostProcessParams, CubeCamera, cubeCameraUpdateIntentFromF32, ReflectionProbe, reflectionProbeUpdateIntentFromF32, tonemapToU32, resolveVisibility, Fog, VolumetricFog, resolveSelectedVolumetricLight, extractVolumetricFog, MotionBlur, Camera, bloomEnabledFromF32, antialiasFromF32, tonemapFromF32, cameraProjectionFromF32 } from './chunk-Q752SHI5.mjs';
 import { SpriteRegionOverride, SpriteInstances } from './chunk-JDWARUOI.mjs';
-import { PROBE_BLEND_RECORD_CAPACITY, GPU_BUFFER_USAGE_MAP_READ, GPU_BUFFER_USAGE_VERTEX, GPU_BUFFER_USAGE_COPY_DST, IES_SLICE_CAPACITY, COOKIE_SLICE_CAPACITY, PROBE_BLEND_RECORD_BYTE_SIZE, GPU_BUFFER_USAGE_QUERY_RESOLVE, GPU_BUFFER_USAGE_COPY_SRC, COOKIE_SLICE_SIZE, selectPasses, isStandardPbrMaterialShader, resolveRenderTargetMaterialSource } from './chunk-HZUPSYW7.mjs';
-import { STANDARD_OUTPUT_TRANSFORM_FEATURE_ID, SHADOW_ATLAS_DEFAULT_LAYERS, SkinMaterialMismatchError, MaterialSkinAttrMissingError, ShadowInvalidConfigError, EnvironmentSourceConflictError, FogCardinalityError, AtmosphereInvalidParameterError } from './chunk-QODA5UKU.mjs';
+import { PROBE_BLEND_RECORD_CAPACITY, GPU_BUFFER_USAGE_MAP_READ, GPU_BUFFER_USAGE_VERTEX, GPU_BUFFER_USAGE_COPY_DST, IES_SLICE_CAPACITY, COOKIE_SLICE_CAPACITY, isStandardPbrSkinMaterialShader, selectPasses, resolveRenderTargetMaterialSource, isCanonicalStandardPbrMaterialShader, isStandardPbrMaterialShader, PROBE_BLEND_RECORD_BYTE_SIZE, GPU_BUFFER_USAGE_QUERY_RESOLVE, GPU_BUFFER_USAGE_COPY_SRC, COOKIE_SLICE_SIZE } from './chunk-KZFTK6DO.mjs';
+import { STANDARD_OUTPUT_TRANSFORM_FEATURE_ID, SHADOW_ATLAS_DEFAULT_LAYERS, SkinMaterialMismatchError, MaterialSkinAttrMissingError, ShadowInvalidConfigError, EnvironmentSourceConflictError, FogCardinalityError, AtmosphereInvalidParameterError } from './chunk-RR5L4SRS.mjs';
 import { err, ok, RhiError } from '@forgeax/engine-rhi';
 import { resolveAssetHandle, walkMaterialPassesOverSharedRefs } from '@forgeax/engine-assets-runtime';
 import { SpawnLightInvalidBoundsError, routeWorldError, SpriteInstancesMutuallyExclusiveWithInstancesError, SpriteInstancesRequiresSpriteShaderError, SpriteInstancesCountMismatchError, InstanceTransformsStrideMismatchError, readRenderArrayView } from '@forgeax/engine-ecs/projection';
-import { PROCEDURAL_FLOATS_PER_VERTEX, deriveVertexLayoutProjection } from '@forgeax/engine-geometry';
 import { vec3, mat4, frustum, box3 } from '@forgeax/engine-math';
 import { AssetGuid } from '@forgeax/engine-pack/guid';
 import { Transform, GlobalTransform, MorphWeights } from '@forgeax/engine-scene';
-import { Skin, SkinInstancesCoexistForbiddenError, SkeletonResolveFailedError, JointCountMismatchError, JointEntityDanglingError } from '@forgeax/engine-skinning';
+import { STANDARD_PIPELINE_PARAM_SCHEMA } from '@forgeax/engine-shader';
 import { R_MIN, err as err$1, ok as ok$1, TextError, toShared, handleSlot, AssetError, ASSET_ERROR_HINTS, materialValuesToLinearRuntime, derive, unpackSlot, materialGuidText } from '@forgeax/engine-types';
+import { PROCEDURAL_FLOATS_PER_VERTEX, deriveVertexLayoutProjection } from '@forgeax/engine-geometry';
+import { Skin, SkinInstancesCoexistForbiddenError, SkeletonResolveFailedError, JointCountMismatchError, JointEntityDanglingError } from '@forgeax/engine-skinning';
 import { resetFontConcurrency, trackFontConcurrency, layoutGlyphText, conservativeCubeAabb, bakeGlyphMesh } from '@forgeax/engine-graphics-extras';
 
 // src/inspection-types.ts
@@ -869,6 +870,10 @@ function validateAtmosphereParameters(parameters) {
 }
 
 // src/environment/frame.ts
+var SKYLIGHT_RECOVERY_FALLBACK = Object.freeze({
+  kind: "skylight",
+  active: false
+});
 var EnvironmentSelectionParameterError = class extends Error {
   code = "environment-selection-invalid";
   expected;
@@ -1598,2243 +1603,1176 @@ function createCookieProjectionMatrixData(count) {
   return data;
 }
 
-// src/render-system-extract.ts
-function buildRectAreaWorldFrame(input) {
-  const center = vec3.create(input.center[0] ?? 0, input.center[1] ?? 0, input.center[2] ?? 0);
-  const axisX = vec3.normalize(
-    vec3.create(),
-    vec3.create(input.axisX[0] ?? 0, input.axisX[1] ?? 0, input.axisX[2] ?? 0)
-  );
-  const axisY = vec3.normalize(
-    vec3.create(),
-    vec3.create(input.axisY[0] ?? 0, input.axisY[1] ?? 0, input.axisY[2] ?? 0)
-  );
-  const normal = vec3.normalize(vec3.create(), vec3.cross(vec3.create(), axisX, axisY));
-  normal[0] = normal[0] === 0 ? 0 : normal[0] ?? 0;
-  normal[1] = normal[1] === 0 ? 0 : normal[1] ?? 0;
-  normal[2] = normal[2] === 0 ? 0 : normal[2] ?? 0;
-  return {
-    center,
-    axisX,
-    axisY,
-    normal,
-    halfWidth: Math.max(0, input.width * 0.5),
-    halfHeight: Math.max(0, input.height * 0.5)
-  };
-}
-function rectAreaFacesPoint(frame, point) {
-  const toPoint = vec3.create(
-    (point[0] ?? 0) - (frame.center[0] ?? 0),
-    (point[1] ?? 0) - (frame.center[1] ?? 0),
-    (point[2] ?? 0) - (frame.center[2] ?? 0)
-  );
-  return vec3.dot(frame.normal, toPoint) > 0;
-}
-function sortDispatchByQueue(entries) {
-  return entries.slice().sort((a, b) => a.queue - b.queue);
-}
-var DEFAULT_FORWARD_PASS = {
-  name: "forward",
-  program: { module: "forgeax::default-unlit", vertexEntry: "vs_main", fragmentEntry: "fs_main" },
-  renderState: { tags: { LightMode: "Forward" }, queue: 2e3 }
-};
-function appendMaterialDispatchEntries(pendingDispatch, passes, entity, materialHandle, renderableIndex, layer, paramSnapshot, passIndexOffset = 0) {
-  const matchedPasses = selectPasses(passes, {});
-  for (let pIdx = 0; pIdx < matchedPasses.length; pIdx++) {
-    const pass = matchedPasses[pIdx];
-    if (pass === void 0) continue;
-    const passState = pass.renderState ?? {};
-    pendingDispatch.push({
-      entityIndex: entity,
-      materialHandle,
-      renderableIndex,
-      passIndex: passIndexOffset + pIdx,
-      queue: passState.queue ?? 2e3,
-      layer,
-      tags: passState.tags ?? {},
-      renderState: pipelineRenderState(passState),
-      // Material module identity is already closed in the cooked program.
-      // It must never become a draw-time define map.
-      defines: void 0,
-      vertexEntry: pass.program.vertexEntry,
-      fragmentEntry: pass.program.fragmentEntry,
-      materialShaderId: runtimeMaterialShaderId(pass.program.module, pass.name),
-      paramSnapshot,
-      ...passState.stencilReference !== void 0 && {
-        stencilReference: passState.stencilReference
+// src/render-system-extract-tail.ts
+function extractFrames(worlds, owner, assets, pipelineState, materialSnapshotCachesByWorld, options = {}) {
+  const cameraOwner = typeof owner === "number" ? owner : owner.cameraOwner;
+  const resourceOwner = typeof owner === "number" ? owner : owner.resourceOwner;
+  const skinPaletteAllocator = pipelineState?.skinPaletteAllocator ?? null;
+  if (skinPaletteAllocator !== null) {
+    skinPaletteAllocator.resetForFrame();
+  }
+  const failedWorlds = /* @__PURE__ */ new Set();
+  const resourceOwnerWorld = worlds[resourceOwner];
+  const resourceOwnerFog = resourceOwnerWorld === void 0 ? null : selectFogFrame(resourceOwnerWorld) ?? null;
+  const succeededFrames = [];
+  const succeededIndices = [];
+  const extractionOrder = Array.from({ length: worlds.length }, (_, wi) => wi).sort((a, b) => {
+    if (a === cameraOwner) return -1;
+    if (b === cameraOwner) return 1;
+    return a - b;
+  });
+  const framesByWorld = /* @__PURE__ */ new Map();
+  for (const wi of extractionOrder) {
+    const world = worlds[wi];
+    if (world === void 0 || failedWorlds.has(world)) continue;
+    try {
+      const isCameraOwner = wi === cameraOwner;
+      const cameraOwnerFrame2 = framesByWorld.get(cameraOwner);
+      const prepared = prepareExtractContext(world, {
+        ...assets !== void 0 ? { assets } : {},
+        ...pipelineState !== void 0 ? { pipelineState } : {},
+        resourceOwnerFog: wi === resourceOwner ? resourceOwnerFog : null,
+        ...materialSnapshotCachesByWorld === void 0 ? {} : {
+          materialSnapshotCache: materialSnapshotCachesByWorld.get(world) ?? (() => {
+            const cache = /* @__PURE__ */ new Map();
+            materialSnapshotCachesByWorld.set(world, cache);
+            return cache;
+          })()
+        },
+        cull: options.cull === "none" ? "none" : isCameraOwner ? "self" : "external",
+        renderables: options.renderables ?? "full",
+        ...options.getMaterialShaderArtifact === void 0 ? {} : { getMaterialShaderArtifact: options.getMaterialShaderArtifact },
+        ...cameraOwnerFrame2 === void 0 ? {} : { cullCameras: cameraOwnerFrame2.cameras }
+      });
+      const frame = extractFrame(world, prepared);
+      framesByWorld.set(wi, frame);
+    } catch (err6) {
+      try {
+        createWorldInternalView(world)._routeError(err6, {
+          severity: Severity.Error,
+          systemName: `RenderSystem.extractFrames(world[${wi}])`
+        });
+      } catch {
       }
-    });
+    }
   }
-}
-function selectCameraTargetViews(candidates, options) {
-  const display = candidates.find(
-    (candidate) => candidate.entityKey === options.displayEntityKey && candidate.target === void 0
-  );
-  const rejected = [];
-  const ordered = candidates.filter((candidate) => candidate.target !== void 0).sort((left, right) => left.worldId - right.worldId || left.entityKey - right.entityKey);
-  const auxiliary = [];
-  const seenTargets = /* @__PURE__ */ new Set();
-  for (const candidate of ordered) {
-    const duplicate = candidate.target !== void 0 && seenTargets.has(candidate.target);
-    if (candidate.target !== void 0) seenTargets.add(candidate.target);
-    if (candidate.entityKey === options.displayEntityKey) {
-      rejected.push({ entityKey: candidate.entityKey, reason: "display-target" });
-      continue;
+  for (let wi = 0; wi < worlds.length; wi++) {
+    const frame = framesByWorld.get(wi);
+    if (frame === void 0) continue;
+    succeededFrames.push(frame);
+    succeededIndices.push(wi);
+  }
+  const renderables = [];
+  const dispatchEntries = [];
+  const visibilitySnapshots = [];
+  const featureVisibilitySnapshots = [];
+  const hiddenEntityReports = [];
+  for (let fi = 0; fi < succeededFrames.length; fi++) {
+    const f = succeededFrames[fi];
+    const wId = succeededIndices[fi];
+    if (f === void 0 || wId === void 0) continue;
+    const base = renderables.length;
+    const visibilitySnapshot = f.visibilitySnapshots[0];
+    const world = worlds[wId];
+    if (visibilitySnapshot !== void 0) {
+      visibilitySnapshots.push(visibilitySnapshot);
+      if (world !== void 0)
+        featureVisibilitySnapshots.push({ world, snapshot: visibilitySnapshot });
     }
-    if (candidate.target === void 0 || duplicate) {
-      rejected.push({ entityKey: candidate.entityKey, reason: "duplicate-target" });
-      continue;
+    hiddenEntityReports.push(...f.hiddenEntityReports);
+    for (const r of f.renderables) {
+      renderables.push({
+        ...r,
+        worldId: wId,
+        ...r.pointsLines === void 0 ? {} : { pointsLines: { ...r.pointsLines, worldId: wId } }
+      });
     }
-    if (auxiliary.length >= Math.max(0, options.budget)) {
-      rejected.push({ entityKey: candidate.entityKey, reason: "budget" });
-      continue;
+    for (const d of f.dispatch) {
+      dispatchEntries.push({ ...d, renderableIndex: (d.renderableIndex ?? 0) + base });
     }
-    auxiliary.push(candidate);
   }
-  return {
-    display,
-    auxiliary: Object.freeze(auxiliary),
-    rejected: Object.freeze(rejected)
-  };
-}
-var Severity = Object.freeze({ Error: "error", Warning: "warning" });
-function createWorldInternalView(world) {
-  return {
-    _routeError(error, ctx) {
-      routeWorldError(world, error, { systemName: ctx.systemName });
-    },
-    _getArrayView(entity, component, fieldName) {
-      return readRenderArrayView(world, entity, component, fieldName);
+  dispatchEntries.sort((a, b) => (a.queue ?? 0) - (b.queue ?? 0));
+  const point = [];
+  const spot = [];
+  const rect = [];
+  let directional;
+  let directionalCount = 0;
+  let lightViewProj;
+  let splitPlanes;
+  let cascadeCount;
+  let cascadeBlend;
+  let shadowMapSize;
+  let depthBias;
+  let normalBias;
+  let directionalShadowQuality;
+  let directionalShadowError;
+  const pointShadow = [];
+  let directionalCsmConfig;
+  let directionalCsmDirection;
+  for (const f of succeededFrames) {
+    for (const p of f.lights.point) point.push(p);
+    for (const s of f.lights.spot) spot.push(s);
+    for (const r of f.lights.rect) rect.push(r);
+    for (const ps of f.lights.pointShadow) pointShadow.push(ps);
+    if (directional === void 0 && f.lights.directional !== void 0) {
+      directional = f.lights.directional;
+      lightViewProj = f.lights.lightViewProj;
+      splitPlanes = f.lights.splitPlanes;
+      cascadeCount = f.lights.cascadeCount;
+      cascadeBlend = f.lights.cascadeBlend;
+      shadowMapSize = f.lights.shadowMapSize;
+      depthBias = f.lights.depthBias;
+      normalBias = f.lights.normalBias;
+      directionalShadowQuality = f.lights.directionalShadowQuality;
+      directionalShadowError = f.lights.directionalShadowError;
+      directionalCsmConfig = f.lights.directionalCsmConfig;
+      directionalCsmDirection = f.lights.directionalCsmDirection;
     }
-  };
-}
-function resolveCameraTarget(world, raw) {
-  if (raw === void 0 || raw <= 0) return void 0;
-  const resolved = world.sharedRefs.resolve(
-    toShared(Math.round(raw))
-  );
-  return resolved.ok ? resolved.value : void 0;
-}
-var BUILTIN_USER_REGION_TEXTURE_FIELDS = [
-  "baseColorTexture",
-  "metallicRoughnessTexture",
-  "normalTexture",
-  "specularTintTexture",
-  "emissiveTexture",
-  "occlusionTexture",
-  "transmissionTexture",
-  "thicknessTexture"
-];
-var BUILTIN_USER_REGION_TEXTURE_FIELD_SET = new Set(BUILTIN_USER_REGION_TEXTURE_FIELDS);
-var BUILTIN_BASE_COLOR_TEXTURE_FIELD_SET = /* @__PURE__ */ new Set(["baseColorTexture"]);
-function materialTextureFields(shaderId, fields) {
-  if (fields !== void 0 && fields.size > 0) return fields;
-  if (shaderId === "forgeax::default-standard-pbr" || shaderId === "forgeax::default-standard-pbr-skin" || shaderId === "forgeax::pbr-skin") {
-    return BUILTIN_USER_REGION_TEXTURE_FIELD_SET;
+    directionalCount += f.lights.directionalCount;
   }
-  if (shaderId === "forgeax::default-unlit" || shaderId === "forgeax::sprite" || shaderId === "forgeax::sprite-lit") {
-    return BUILTIN_BASE_COLOR_TEXTURE_FIELD_SET;
+  let cameraOwnerFrame;
+  let resourceOwnerFrame;
+  for (let fi = 0; fi < succeededFrames.length; fi++) {
+    if (succeededIndices[fi] === cameraOwner) cameraOwnerFrame = succeededFrames[fi];
+    if (succeededIndices[fi] === resourceOwner) resourceOwnerFrame = succeededFrames[fi];
   }
-  return fields;
-}
-function runtimeMaterialShaderId(module, passName) {
-  if (passName === "shadow-caster" && (module === "forgeax_material::standard" || module === "forgeax_material::unlit" || module === "forgeax::default-standard-pbr" || module === "forgeax::default-unlit")) {
-    return "forgeax::default-shadow-caster";
-  }
-  switch (module) {
-    case "forgeax_material::standard":
-      return "forgeax::default-standard-pbr";
-    case "forgeax_material::unlit":
-      return "forgeax::default-unlit";
-    case "forgeax_material::sprite":
-      return "forgeax::sprite";
-    case "forgeax_material::sprite-lit":
-      return "forgeax::sprite-lit";
-    default:
-      return module;
+  const cameras = cameraOwnerFrame !== void 0 ? [...cameraOwnerFrame.cameras] : [];
+  const auxiliaryCameras = cameraOwnerFrame !== void 0 ? [...cameraOwnerFrame.auxiliaryCameras] : [];
+  const cubeCameras = cameraOwnerFrame !== void 0 ? [...cameraOwnerFrame.cubeCameras] : [];
+  const mergeCam = cameras[0];
+  if (directionalCsmConfig !== void 0 && directionalCsmDirection !== void 0) {
+    const mergeCameraData = mergeCam !== void 0 ? {
+      world: mergeCam.world,
+      fov: mergeCam.fov,
+      aspect: mergeCam.aspect,
+      near: mergeCam.near,
+      far: mergeCam.far,
+      projection: mergeCam.projection,
+      orthoLeft: mergeCam.orthoLeft,
+      orthoRight: mergeCam.orthoRight,
+      orthoBottom: mergeCam.orthoBottom,
+      orthoTop: mergeCam.orthoTop
+    } : void 0;
+    const csm = computeDirectionalCsm(
+      directionalCsmDirection,
+      directionalCsmConfig,
+      mergeCameraData
+    );
+    if (csm !== null) {
+      lightViewProj = csm.lightViewProj;
+      splitPlanes = csm.splitPlanes;
+      cascadeCount = csm.cascadeCount;
+      cascadeBlend = csm.cascadeBlend;
+      shadowMapSize = csm.shadowMapSize;
+      directionalShadowQuality = csm.directionalShadowQuality;
+    }
   }
-}
-function pipelineRenderState(renderState) {
-  if (renderState === void 0) return void 0;
-  const {
-    cullMode,
-    depthCompare,
-    depthWriteEnabled,
-    blend,
-    alphaToCoverageEnabled,
-    stencil,
-    stencilReadMask,
-    stencilWriteMask,
-    frontFace
-  } = renderState;
-  if (cullMode === void 0 && depthCompare === void 0 && depthWriteEnabled === void 0 && blend === void 0 && alphaToCoverageEnabled === void 0 && stencil === void 0 && stencilReadMask === void 0 && stencilWriteMask === void 0 && frontFace === void 0) {
-    return void 0;
+  const lights = {
+    directional,
+    directionalCount,
+    point,
+    spot,
+    rect,
+    lightViewProj,
+    splitPlanes,
+    cascadeCount,
+    cascadeBlend,
+    shadowMapSize,
+    depthBias,
+    normalBias,
+    directionalShadowQuality,
+    directionalShadowError,
+    pointShadow,
+    directionalCsmConfig,
+    directionalCsmDirection
+  };
+  const volumetricFog = resourceOwnerFrame?.volumetricFog;
+  const skylight = resourceOwnerFrame?.skylight;
+  const skylightCount = resourceOwnerFrame?.skylightCount ?? 0;
+  const skybox = resourceOwnerFrame?.skybox;
+  const skyboxCount = resourceOwnerFrame?.skyboxCount ?? 0;
+  const fog = resourceOwnerFrame?.fog;
+  const fogFailure = resourceOwnerFrame?.fogFailure;
+  const environment = resourceOwnerFrame?.environment;
+  const lightProbes = succeededFrames.flatMap((frame) => frame.lightProbes ?? []);
+  const postProcessParams = new Map(resourceOwnerFrame?.postProcessParams);
+  const OUTPUT_TRANSFORM_PARAM_KEY = STANDARD_OUTPUT_TRANSFORM_FEATURE_ID;
+  const cameraTonemapParam = cameraOwnerFrame?.postProcessParams.get(OUTPUT_TRANSFORM_PARAM_KEY);
+  if (cameraTonemapParam !== void 0) {
+    postProcessParams.set(OUTPUT_TRANSFORM_PARAM_KEY, cameraTonemapParam);
+  } else {
+    postProcessParams.delete(OUTPUT_TRANSFORM_PARAM_KEY);
   }
+  const frustumStats = {
+    culled: succeededFrames.reduce((s, f) => s + f.frustumStats.culled, 0),
+    total: succeededFrames.reduce((s, f) => s + f.frustumStats.total, 0)
+  };
+  const visibilityStats = {
+    explicitlyHidden: succeededFrames.reduce((s, f) => s + f.visibilityStats.explicitlyHidden, 0)
+  };
+  const reflectionProbes = succeededFrames.flatMap((f, index) => {
+    const worldId = succeededIndices[index] ?? 0;
+    return (f.reflectionProbes ?? []).map((probe) => ({ ...probe, worldId }));
+  });
   return {
-    ...cullMode !== void 0 && { cullMode },
-    ...depthCompare !== void 0 && { depthCompare },
-    ...depthWriteEnabled !== void 0 && { depthWriteEnabled },
-    ...blend !== void 0 && { blend },
-    ...alphaToCoverageEnabled !== void 0 && { alphaToCoverageEnabled },
-    ...stencil !== void 0 && { stencil },
-    ...stencilReadMask !== void 0 && { stencilReadMask },
-    ...stencilWriteMask !== void 0 && { stencilWriteMask },
-    ...frontFace !== void 0 && { frontFace }
+    cameras,
+    auxiliaryCameras,
+    cubeCameras,
+    reflectionProbes,
+    lights,
+    ...volumetricFog === void 0 ? {} : { volumetricFog: { ...volumetricFog, worldId: resourceOwner } },
+    renderables,
+    dispatch: dispatchEntries,
+    skylight,
+    skylightCount,
+    lightProbes,
+    skybox,
+    skyboxCount,
+    fog,
+    ...fogFailure === void 0 ? {} : { fogFailure },
+    environment,
+    environmentReady: resourceOwnerFrame !== void 0 && environment !== void 0,
+    frustumStats,
+    visibilityStats,
+    postProcessParams,
+    visibilitySnapshots,
+    featureVisibilitySnapshots,
+    hiddenEntityReports
   };
 }
-var guidHandleInternByWorld = /* @__PURE__ */ new WeakMap();
-function internSharedRefFromGuid(world, assetsRef, guid, brand) {
-  let perWorld = guidHandleInternByWorld.get(world);
-  if (perWorld === void 0) {
-    perWorld = /* @__PURE__ */ new Map();
-    guidHandleInternByWorld.set(world, perWorld);
-  }
-  const key = `${guid.toLowerCase()}\0${brand}`;
-  const cached = perWorld.get(key);
-  const payload = assetsRef.lookup(guid);
-  if (cached !== void 0 && cached.payload === payload) {
-    const cachedHandle = toShared(cached.handle);
-    if (world.sharedRefs.resolve(cachedHandle).ok) return cachedHandle;
-  }
-  if (cached !== void 0) {
-    world.sharedRefs.release(toShared(cached.handle));
-    perWorld.delete(key);
-  }
-  if (payload === void 0) return void 0;
-  const handle = world.internSharedRef(brand, payload);
-  perWorld.set(key, { handle, payload });
-  return handle;
-}
-function resolveVideoFieldHandle(value, world, assetsRef) {
-  const texture = materialTextureValue(value);
-  const textureGuid = assetReferenceText(texture?.texture ?? value);
-  if (textureGuid === void 0) return void 0;
-  const payload = assetsRef.lookup(textureGuid);
-  if (payload === void 0 || payload.kind !== "video") return void 0;
-  return internSharedRefFromGuid(world, assetsRef, textureGuid, "VideoAsset");
-}
-function materialTextureValue(value) {
-  if (typeof value !== "object" || value === null || Array.isArray(value)) return void 0;
-  const textureValue = value;
-  return typeof textureValue.texture === "number" || typeof textureValue.texture === "string" || textureValue.texture instanceof Uint8Array ? textureValue : void 0;
-}
-function assetReferenceText(value) {
-  if (typeof value === "string") return value;
-  if (value instanceof Uint8Array && isAssetGuidBytes(value)) return AssetGuid.format(value);
-  return void 0;
-}
-function isAssetGuidBytes(value) {
-  return value.byteLength === 16;
-}
-function materialNormalScale(values) {
-  for (const [field, value] of Object.entries(values)) {
-    if (field !== "normalTexture") continue;
-    const scale = materialTextureValue(value)?.normalScale;
-    return typeof scale === "number" && Number.isFinite(scale) ? scale : 1;
+function hasFiniteOrderedLocalAabb(aabb) {
+  if (aabb === void 0 || aabb.length !== 6) return false;
+  const minX = aabb[0];
+  const minY = aabb[1];
+  const minZ = aabb[2];
+  const maxX = aabb[3];
+  const maxY = aabb[4];
+  const maxZ = aabb[5];
+  if (minX === void 0 || minY === void 0 || minZ === void 0 || maxX === void 0 || maxY === void 0 || maxZ === void 0) {
+    return false;
   }
-  return 1;
-}
-function materialTextureRef(value) {
-  return materialTextureValue(value)?.texture ?? value;
-}
-function collectMaterialTextureCoordinates(values) {
-  const out = /* @__PURE__ */ new Map();
-  for (const field of [
-    "baseColorTexture",
-    "metallicRoughnessTexture",
-    "normalTexture",
-    "specularTintTexture",
-    "emissiveTexture",
-    "occlusionTexture"
-  ]) {
-    const coordinates = materialTextureValue(values[field])?.coordinates;
-    if (coordinates !== void 0) out.set(field, coordinates);
+  if (!Number.isFinite(minX) || !Number.isFinite(minY) || !Number.isFinite(minZ) || !Number.isFinite(maxX) || !Number.isFinite(maxY) || !Number.isFinite(maxZ)) {
+    return false;
   }
-  return out;
+  return minX <= maxX && minY <= maxY && minZ <= maxZ;
 }
-function collectMaterialTextureSources(values, world) {
-  const out = /* @__PURE__ */ new Map();
-  for (const [field, value] of Object.entries(values)) {
-    const reference = materialTextureRef(value);
-    if (typeof reference !== "number") continue;
-    const resolved = world.sharedRefs.resolve(toShared(reference));
-    if (!resolved.ok || resolveRenderTargetMaterialSource(resolved.value) === void 0) continue;
-    out.set(field, resolved.value);
+function morphSnapshotFor(mesh, weights) {
+  const targets = mesh.morphTargets;
+  if (targets === void 0 || targets.length === 0 || weights === void 0) return void 0;
+  if (weights.length !== targets.length) return void 0;
+  const firstPositions = targets[0]?.position;
+  if (firstPositions === void 0 || firstPositions.length === 0 || firstPositions.length % 3 !== 0) {
+    return void 0;
   }
-  return out;
-}
-function collectMaterialTextureSamplers(values, resolveSampler) {
-  const out = /* @__PURE__ */ new Map();
-  for (const [field, value] of Object.entries(values)) {
-    const sampler = resolveSampler(materialTextureValue(value)?.sampler);
-    if (sampler !== void 0) out.set(field, sampler);
+  const vertexCount = firstPositions.length / 3;
+  if (mesh.vertices.length % vertexCount !== 0) return void 0;
+  for (let targetIndex = 0; targetIndex < targets.length; targetIndex += 1) {
+    const target = targets[targetIndex];
+    if (target?.position?.length !== firstPositions.length) return void 0;
   }
-  const legacySampler = resolveSampler(values.sampler);
-  if (legacySampler !== void 0 && !out.has("baseColorTexture")) {
-    out.set("baseColorTexture", legacySampler);
+  const copied = new Float32Array(weights.length);
+  for (let index = 0; index < weights.length; index += 1) {
+    const weight = weights[index] ?? Number.NaN;
+    if (!Number.isFinite(weight)) return void 0;
+    copied[index] = weight;
   }
-  return out;
+  return { weights: copied, targetCount: targets.length };
 }
-function collectUserRegionTextureHandles(pv, shaderId, paramSchema, assetsRef, world, resolveTex, videoOut) {
-  const fields = materialTextureFields(
-    shaderId,
-    paramSchema !== void 0 ? derive(paramSchema).textureFieldNames : shaderId !== void 0 ? assetsRef.materialShaderTextureFieldNames(shaderId) : void 0
-  ) ?? BUILTIN_USER_REGION_TEXTURE_FIELDS;
-  const out = /* @__PURE__ */ new Map();
-  for (const field of fields) {
-    const videoHandle = resolveVideoFieldHandle(pv[field], world, assetsRef);
-    if (videoHandle !== void 0) {
-      videoOut.set(field, videoHandle);
-      continue;
+function extractFrame(world, context) {
+  const {
+    assets,
+    pipelineState,
+    materialSnapshotCache: persistentMaterialSnapshotCache,
+    cull: cullMode,
+    resourceOwnerFog,
+    getMaterialShaderArtifact
+  } = context;
+  const fog = resourceOwnerFog === void 0 ? selectFogFrame(world) : resourceOwnerFog ?? void 0;
+  const fogFailure = fogState(world).failure;
+  const visibility = context.visibility.hasAnyHiddenIntent ? context.visibility : void 0;
+  const skinPaletteAllocator = pipelineState?.skinPaletteAllocator ?? null;
+  const directionalLightQuery = world.query({ read: [DirectionalLight] }).unwrap();
+  const worldInternal = createWorldInternalView(world);
+  let volumetricFog = extractVolumeSnapshot(world, assets, worldInternal);
+  const cameraRoles = selectCameraRoles(world);
+  const cameras = [...cameraRoles.display];
+  const auxiliaryCameras = cameraRoles.auxiliary;
+  const cubeCameras = collectCubeCameraSnapshots(world);
+  const reflectionProbes = collectReflectionProbeFacts(world);
+  let directional;
+  let directionalCount = 0;
+  let firstHitCastShadow;
+  let firstHitShadowFields;
+  for (const row of directionalLightQuery) {
+    const l = row.get(DirectionalLight);
+    directionalCount += 1;
+    const intensity = l.intensity;
+    const snapshot = {
+      kind: "directional",
+      entity: row.entity,
+      direction: vec3.create(l.direction[0] ?? 0, l.direction[1] ?? -1, l.direction[2] ?? 0),
+      color: vec3.create(
+        (l.color[0] ?? 1) * intensity,
+        (l.color[1] ?? 1) * intensity,
+        (l.color[2] ?? 1) * intensity
+      ),
+      intensity
+    };
+    if (directional === void 0) {
+      directional = snapshot;
+      firstHitCastShadow = l.castShadow;
+      firstHitShadowFields = {
+        cascadeCount: l.cascadeCount,
+        splitLambda: l.splitLambda,
+        cascadeBlend: l.cascadeBlend,
+        mapSize: l.mapSize,
+        depthBias: l.depthBias,
+        normalBias: l.normalBias,
+        shadowDistance: l.shadowDistance,
+        shadowFilter: l.shadowFilter,
+        shadowAngularRadius: l.shadowAngularRadius,
+        maxPenumbraTexels: l.maxPenumbraTexels
+      };
     }
-    const handle = resolveTex(materialTextureRef(pv[field]), "TextureAsset");
-    if (handle !== void 0) out.set(field, handle);
   }
-  return out;
-}
-var ENGINE_INJECTED_TEXTURE_FIELDS = /* @__PURE__ */ new Set(["emissiveTexture", "occlusionTexture"]);
-function isEngineInjectedTextureField(shaderId, fieldName) {
-  return isStandardPbrMaterialShader(shaderId) && ENGINE_INJECTED_TEXTURE_FIELDS.has(fieldName);
-}
-function materialParametersToParamSchema(parameters, shaderId) {
-  const engineInjectedTextureFields = isStandardPbrMaterialShader(shaderId) ? ENGINE_INJECTED_TEXTURE_FIELDS : void 0;
-  return parameters.flatMap((parameter) => {
-    if (parameter.type === "bool") return [];
-    if (parameter.type === "texture" || parameter.type === "texture_cube") {
-      if (engineInjectedTextureFields?.has(parameter.name) === true) return [];
-      return [
-        {
-          name: parameter.name,
-          type: parameter.type === "texture_cube" ? "texture_cube" : "texture2d"
-        }
-      ];
+  let directionalShadowError;
+  if (directional !== void 0 && firstHitShadowFields !== void 0) {
+    const validation = validateDirectionalLightData({
+      direction: directional.direction,
+      castShadow: firstHitCastShadow,
+      ...firstHitShadowFields
+    });
+    if (!validation.ok) {
+      directionalShadowError = validation.error;
+      worldInternal._routeError(directionalShadowError, {
+        severity: Severity.Error,
+        systemName: "RenderSystem.extract (directional-shadow)"
+      });
     }
-    return [
-      {
-        name: parameter.name,
-        type: parameter.type,
-        ...parameter.colorSpace === void 0 ? {} : { colorSpace: parameter.colorSpace }
-      }
-    ];
-  });
-}
-function materialColorParameterSchema(parameters, shaderId, assets) {
-  if (shaderId === void 0) return parameters;
-  const shader = assets.shaderRegistry.findMaterialArtifact(shaderId);
-  if (!shader.ok) return parameters;
-  const byName = new Map(
-    shader.value.paramSchema.map((parameter) => [parameter.name, parameter])
-  );
-  for (const parameter of parameters) byName.set(parameter.name, parameter);
-  return [...byName.values()];
-}
-var MATERIAL_PARENT_CHAIN_LIMIT = 128;
-function isDeepFrozen(value, seen = /* @__PURE__ */ new Set()) {
-  if (typeof value !== "object" || value === null) return true;
-  if (seen.has(value)) return true;
-  if (!Object.isFrozen(value)) return false;
-  seen.add(value);
-  for (const child of Object.values(value)) {
-    if (!isDeepFrozen(child, seen)) return false;
-  }
-  return true;
-}
-function captureMaterialCacheChain(root, assets) {
-  const chain = [];
-  const visitedParentGuids = /* @__PURE__ */ new Set();
-  let current = root;
-  for (let depth = 0; depth < MATERIAL_PARENT_CHAIN_LIMIT; depth += 1) {
-    const parentRef = current.parent;
-    const parentGuid = parentRef === void 0 ? void 0 : materialGuidText(parentRef);
-    chain.push({ asset: current, parentGuid });
-    if (parentGuid === void 0) return chain;
-    if (parentRef === void 0) return void 0;
-    if (visitedParentGuids.has(parentGuid)) return void 0;
-    visitedParentGuids.add(parentGuid);
-    const parent = assets.lookup(parentRef);
-    if (parent?.kind !== "material") return void 0;
-    current = parent;
-  }
-  return void 0;
-}
-function readPersistentMaterialSnapshot(cache, handleRaw, assets) {
-  const entry = cache?.get(handleRaw);
-  if (entry === void 0) return void 0;
-  if (entry.crossFrameSafe && entry.chain !== void 0 && entry.catalogEpoch === assets.catalogEpoch)
-    return entry;
-  cache?.delete(handleRaw);
-  return void 0;
-}
-function readStablePersistentMaterialSnapshot(cache, handleRaw, assets) {
-  const entry = cache?.get(handleRaw);
-  return entry?.crossFrameSafe === true && entry.chain !== void 0 && entry.catalogEpoch === assets.catalogEpoch ? entry : void 0;
-}
-function storeMaterialSnapshot(cache, handleRaw, snapshot, passes, root, assets) {
-  const chain = captureMaterialCacheChain(root, assets);
-  const entry = {
-    snapshot,
-    passes,
-    crossFrameSafe: chain?.every(({ asset }) => isDeepFrozen(asset)) === true,
-    ...chain === void 0 ? {} : { chain },
-    ...chain === void 0 ? {} : { catalogEpoch: assets.catalogEpoch }
-  };
-  cache.set(handleRaw, entry);
-  return entry;
-}
-function resolveMaterialSnapshot(handleRaw, world, assetsRef, materialSnapshotCache, persistentMaterialSnapshotCache) {
-  if (handleRaw === 0) return defaultMaterialSnapshot(handleRaw);
-  const cached = materialSnapshotCache?.get(handleRaw);
-  if (cached !== void 0) return cached.snapshot;
-  const stablePersistentCached = readStablePersistentMaterialSnapshot(
-    persistentMaterialSnapshotCache,
-    handleRaw,
-    assetsRef
-  );
-  if (stablePersistentCached !== void 0) {
-    materialSnapshotCache?.set(handleRaw, stablePersistentCached);
-    return stablePersistentCached.snapshot;
-  }
-  const tagged = toShared(handleRaw);
-  const res = resolveAssetHandle(world, tagged);
-  if (!res.ok) return defaultMaterialSnapshot(handleRaw);
-  const asset = res.value;
-  if (asset.kind !== "material") return defaultMaterialSnapshot(handleRaw);
-  const persistentCached = readPersistentMaterialSnapshot(
-    persistentMaterialSnapshotCache,
-    handleRaw,
-    assetsRef
-  );
-  if (persistentCached !== void 0) {
-    materialSnapshotCache?.set(handleRaw, persistentCached);
-    return persistentCached.snapshot;
   }
-  const resolvedResult = walkMaterialPassesOverSharedRefs(world, tagged, assetsRef);
-  if (!resolvedResult.ok) return defaultMaterialSnapshot(handleRaw);
-  const resolved = resolvedResult.value;
-  const allPasses = resolved.passes;
-  const firstPassShader = allPasses.length > 0 ? runtimeMaterialShaderId(allPasses[0]?.program.module, allPasses[0]?.name) : void 0;
-  const pv = materialValuesToLinearRuntime(
-    resolved.values,
-    materialColorParameterSchema(resolved.parameters ?? [], firstPassShader, assetsRef),
-    resolved.colorSpace
-  );
-  const baseColorPv = pv.baseColor;
-  const baseColor = vec3.create(
-    baseColorPv?.[0] ?? 1,
-    baseColorPv?.[1] ?? 1,
-    baseColorPv?.[2] ?? 1
-  );
-  const metallicPv = typeof pv.metallic === "number" ? pv.metallic : 0;
-  const roughnessPv = typeof pv.roughness === "number" ? pv.roughness : 0.5;
-  const clearcoatPv = typeof pv.clearcoat === "number" ? pv.clearcoat : 0;
-  const clearcoatRoughnessPv = typeof pv.clearcoatRoughness === "number" ? pv.clearcoatRoughness : 0.5;
-  const specularTintPv = pv.specularTint;
-  const normalScalePv = materialNormalScale(pv);
-  const paramSnap = {};
-  for (const [k, v] of Object.entries(pv)) {
-    if (typeof v === "number") paramSnap[k] = v;
-    else if (typeof v === "string") paramSnap[k] = v;
-    else if (Array.isArray(v) && v.every((x) => typeof x === "number")) {
-      paramSnap[k] = v;
+  const pointSnapshots = [];
+  const pointSnapshotEntities = [];
+  const pointLightQuery = world.query({
+    read: [PointLight],
+    optional: [Transform, GlobalTransform]
+  }).unwrap();
+  for (const row of pointLightQuery) {
+    const p = row.get(PointLight);
+    const hasTransform = row.get(GlobalTransform) !== void 0;
+    const intensity = p.intensity;
+    const range = p.range;
+    const entityId = row.entity;
+    let worldMat;
+    if (hasTransform) {
+      const view = worldInternal._getArrayView(entityId, GlobalTransform, "world");
+      if (view !== void 0) worldMat = new Float32Array(view);
     }
+    const position = worldMat !== void 0 ? mat4.getTranslation(vec3.create(), worldMat) : vec3.create(0, 0, 0);
+    pointSnapshots.push({
+      kind: "point",
+      entity: entityId,
+      position,
+      color: vec3.create(
+        (p.color[0] ?? 1) * intensity,
+        (p.color[1] ?? 1) * intensity,
+        (p.color[2] ?? 1) * intensity
+      ),
+      intensity,
+      invRangeSquared: computeInvRangeSquared(range)
+    });
+    pointSnapshotEntities.push(entityId);
   }
-  const materialParamSchema = materialParametersToParamSchema(
-    resolved.parameters ?? [],
-    firstPassShader
-  );
-  const resolveTexLike = (value, brand) => {
-    if (typeof value === "number") return toShared(value);
-    if (typeof value === "string") {
-      return internSharedRefFromGuid(world, assetsRef, value, brand);
-    }
-    return void 0;
-  };
-  const videoTextureFields = /* @__PURE__ */ new Map();
-  const textureHandles = collectUserRegionTextureHandles(
-    pv,
-    firstPassShader,
-    materialParamSchema.length > 0 ? materialParamSchema : void 0,
-    assetsRef,
-    world,
-    resolveTexLike,
-    videoTextureFields
-  );
-  const samplerHandles = collectMaterialTextureSamplers(
-    pv,
-    (value) => resolveTexLike(materialTextureRef(value), "SamplerAsset")
-  );
-  const textureSources = collectMaterialTextureSources(pv, world);
-  const emissiveTextureHandle = resolveTexLike(
-    materialTextureRef(pv.emissiveTexture),
-    "TextureAsset"
-  );
-  const occlusionTextureHandle = resolveTexLike(
-    materialTextureRef(pv.occlusionTexture),
-    "TextureAsset"
-  );
-  const textureCoordinates = collectMaterialTextureCoordinates(pv);
-  const baseColorTextureHandle = textureHandles.get("baseColorTexture");
-  const metallicRoughnessTextureHandle = textureHandles.get("metallicRoughnessTexture");
-  const normalTextureHandle = textureHandles.get("normalTexture");
-  const emissivePv = pv.emissive;
-  const snapshot = {
-    baseColor,
-    metallic: metallicPv,
-    roughness: roughnessPv,
-    clearcoat: clearcoatPv,
-    clearcoatRoughness: clearcoatRoughnessPv,
-    ...specularTintPv !== void 0 && {
-      specularTint: [
-        specularTintPv[0] ?? 1,
-        specularTintPv[1] ?? 1,
-        specularTintPv[2] ?? 1
-      ]
-    },
-    normalScale: normalScalePv,
-    materialShaderId: firstPassShader,
-    materialHandle: handleRaw,
-    renderState: pipelineRenderState(allPasses[0]?.renderState),
-    paramSnapshot: paramSnap,
-    ...materialParamSchema.length > 0 && { materialParamSchema },
-    ...textureCoordinates.size > 0 && { textureCoordinates },
-    ...textureHandles.size > 0 && { textureHandles },
-    ...textureSources.size > 0 && { textureSources },
-    ...videoTextureFields.size > 0 && { videoTextureFields },
-    ...samplerHandles.size > 0 && { samplerHandles },
-    ...baseColorTextureHandle !== void 0 && { baseColorTexture: baseColorTextureHandle },
-    ...metallicRoughnessTextureHandle !== void 0 && {
-      metallicRoughnessTexture: metallicRoughnessTextureHandle
-    },
-    ...normalTextureHandle !== void 0 && { normalTexture: normalTextureHandle },
-    ...emissivePv !== void 0 && {
-      emissive: [emissivePv[0] ?? 0, emissivePv[1] ?? 0, emissivePv[2] ?? 0]
-    },
-    ...typeof pv.emissiveIntensity === "number" && { emissiveIntensity: pv.emissiveIntensity },
-    ...emissiveTextureHandle !== void 0 && { emissiveTexture: emissiveTextureHandle },
-    ...occlusionTextureHandle !== void 0 && { occlusionTexture: occlusionTextureHandle },
-    ...typeof pv.occlusionStrength === "number" && { occlusionStrength: pv.occlusionStrength },
-    // feat-city-glb Bug 5 (per-submesh transparency): derive `transparent`
-    // from the first pass's `renderState.blend` presence, identical to the
-    // entity-level snapshot builder (extractFrame archetype loop). Without
-    // this, per-submesh materials (materials[i>=1], e.g. a glTF BLEND decal
-    // submesh on a multi-material mesh) never carry the transparent flag, so
-    // the record stage's LDR split + blend routing treats them as opaque and
-    // their alpha=0 texels composite as black.
-    transparent: allPasses[0]?.renderState?.blend !== void 0
-  };
-  const stored = materialSnapshotCache !== void 0 ? storeMaterialSnapshot(
-    materialSnapshotCache,
-    handleRaw,
-    snapshot,
-    allPasses,
-    asset,
-    assetsRef
-  ) : void 0;
-  const cacheEntry = stored ?? (persistentMaterialSnapshotCache !== void 0 ? storeMaterialSnapshot(
-    persistentMaterialSnapshotCache,
-    handleRaw,
-    snapshot,
-    allPasses,
-    asset,
-    assetsRef
-  ) : void 0);
-  if (cacheEntry?.crossFrameSafe === true) {
-    persistentMaterialSnapshotCache?.set(handleRaw, cacheEntry);
-  }
-  return snapshot;
-}
-function computeFrustumCorners(vp, camNear, camFar, nearZ, farZ, projection) {
-  const invVP = mat4.create();
-  mat4.invert(invVP, vp);
-  const corners = [];
-  const span = camFar - camNear;
-  const ndcNear = projection === "orthographic" ? (nearZ - camNear) / span : camFar * (nearZ - camNear) / (nearZ * span);
-  const ndcFar = projection === "orthographic" ? (farZ - camNear) / span : camFar * (farZ - camNear) / (farZ * span);
-  const signs = [-1, 1];
-  for (const sx of signs) {
-    for (const sy of signs) {
-      corners.push(unprojectNDC(invVP, sx, sy, ndcNear));
-    }
-  }
-  for (const sx of signs) {
-    for (const sy of signs) {
-      corners.push(unprojectNDC(invVP, sx, sy, ndcFar));
+  const spotSnapshots = [];
+  const spotLightQuery = world.query({
+    read: [SpotLight],
+    optional: [Transform, GlobalTransform]
+  }).unwrap();
+  let spotTileNext = 0;
+  const iesSlices = /* @__PURE__ */ new Map();
+  const cookieSlices = /* @__PURE__ */ new Map();
+  const projectorSlices = /* @__PURE__ */ new Map();
+  for (const row of spotLightQuery) {
+    const s = row.get(SpotLight);
+    const hasTransform = row.get(GlobalTransform) !== void 0;
+    const intensity = s.intensity;
+    const range = s.range;
+    const innerConeDeg = s.innerConeDeg;
+    const outerConeDeg = s.outerConeDeg;
+    let worldMat;
+    if (hasTransform) {
+      const entity = row.entity;
+      const view = worldInternal._getArrayView(entity, GlobalTransform, "world");
+      if (view !== void 0) worldMat = new Float32Array(view);
     }
-  }
-  return corners;
-}
-function unprojectNDC(invVP, ndcX, ndcY, ndcZ) {
-  const ndc = vec3.create(ndcX, ndcY, ndcZ);
-  const ws = vec3.create();
-  mat4.unproject(ws, ndc, invVP);
-  return ws;
-}
-function pssmSplit(nearPlane, farPlane, cascadeCount, splitLambda) {
-  const EPS = 1e-6;
-  if (farPlane <= nearPlane + EPS) {
-    throw new ShadowInvalidConfigError("shadowDistance", farPlane, nearPlane + EPS);
-  }
-  const result = new Float32Array(cascadeCount);
-  const m = cascadeCount;
-  const n = nearPlane;
-  const f = farPlane;
-  const ratio = f / n;
-  for (let i = 1; i <= m; i++) {
-    const t = i / m;
-    const logPart = n * ratio ** t;
-    const uniformPart = n + t * (f - n);
-    result[i - 1] = splitLambda * logPart + (1 - splitLambda) * uniformPart;
-  }
-  return result;
-}
-var POINT_SHADOW_FACE_LOOK = [
-  vec3.create(1, 0, 0),
-  vec3.create(-1, 0, 0),
-  vec3.create(0, 1, 0),
-  vec3.create(0, -1, 0),
-  vec3.create(0, 0, 1),
-  vec3.create(0, 0, -1)
-];
-var POINT_SHADOW_FACE_UP = [
-  vec3.create(0, -1, 0),
-  vec3.create(0, -1, 0),
-  vec3.create(0, 0, 1),
-  vec3.create(0, 0, -1),
-  vec3.create(0, -1, 0),
-  vec3.create(0, -1, 0)
-];
-function buildPointShadowMatrices(lightPos, near, far) {
-  const fovY = Math.PI / 2;
-  const aspect = 1;
-  const proj = mat4.create();
-  mat4.perspective(proj, fovY, aspect, near, far);
-  const out = [];
-  for (let i = 0; i < 6; i++) {
-    const look = POINT_SHADOW_FACE_LOOK[i];
-    const up = POINT_SHADOW_FACE_UP[i];
-    const target = vec3.create(
-      (lightPos[0] ?? 0) + (look[0] ?? 0),
-      (lightPos[1] ?? 0) + (look[1] ?? 0),
-      (lightPos[2] ?? 0) + (look[2] ?? 0)
-    );
-    const view = mat4.create();
-    mat4.lookAt(view, lightPos, target, up);
-    const vp = mat4.create();
-    mat4.multiply(vp, proj, view);
-    out.push(vp);
-  }
-  return out;
-}
-function computeDirectionalCsm(direction, config, cameraData) {
-  const cascadeCount = Math.round(config.cascadeCount);
-  const sNear = cameraData?.near ?? 0.1;
-  const sFar = config.shadowDistance;
-  const splits = pssmSplit(sNear, sFar, cascadeCount, config.splitLambda);
-  const lightDirN = vec3.normalize(vec3.create(), direction);
-  const lightTarget = vec3.create(lightDirN[0] ?? 0, lightDirN[1] ?? 0, lightDirN[2] ?? 0);
-  const lightView = mat4.create();
-  mat4.lookAt(lightView, vec3.create(0, 0, 0), lightTarget, vec3.create(0, 1, 0));
-  if (cameraData === void 0) return null;
-  const camProj = mat4.create();
-  if (cameraData.projection === "orthographic") {
-    mat4.orthographic(
-      camProj,
-      cameraData.orthoLeft,
-      cameraData.orthoRight,
-      cameraData.orthoBottom,
-      cameraData.orthoTop,
-      cameraData.near,
-      cameraData.far
+    const position = worldMat !== void 0 ? mat4.getTranslation(vec3.create(), worldMat) : vec3.create(0, 0, 0);
+    const dir = vec3.create(s.direction[0] ?? 0, s.direction[1] ?? -1, s.direction[2] ?? 0);
+    const dirLen = Math.sqrt(
+      (dir[0] ?? 0) * (dir[0] ?? 0) + (dir[1] ?? 0) * (dir[1] ?? 0) + (dir[2] ?? 0) * (dir[2] ?? 0)
     );
-  } else {
-    mat4.perspective(camProj, cameraData.fov, cameraData.aspect, cameraData.near, cameraData.far);
-  }
-  const camView = mat4.create();
-  mat4.invert(camView, cameraData.world);
-  const cameraVP = mat4.create();
-  mat4.multiply(cameraVP, camProj, camView);
-  const resultLightViewProjs = [];
-  const cascadeFits = [];
-  let lightSpaceMaxZFull = -Infinity;
-  const fullCorners = computeFrustumCorners(
-    cameraVP,
-    cameraData.near,
-    cameraData.far,
-    sNear,
-    sFar,
-    cameraData.projection
-  );
-  for (const ws of fullCorners) {
-    const ls = vec3.create();
-    mat4.transformVec3(ls, lightView, ws);
-    if ((ls[2] ?? 0) > lightSpaceMaxZFull) lightSpaceMaxZFull = ls[2] ?? 0;
-  }
-  for (let cIdx = 0; cIdx < 4; cIdx++) {
-    if (cIdx >= cascadeCount) {
-      resultLightViewProjs.push(new Float32Array(16));
-      continue;
+    const EPSILON = 1e-6;
+    const hasValidDirection = dirLen > EPSILON;
+    if (!hasValidDirection) {
+      worldInternal._routeError(
+        new SpawnLightInvalidBoundsError("SpotLight", "direction", [
+          dir[0] ?? 0,
+          dir[1] ?? 0,
+          dir[2] ?? 0
+        ]),
+        {
+          severity: Severity.Error,
+          systemName: "RenderSystem.extract (spot-direction)"
+        }
+      );
     }
-    const cascadeNear = cIdx === 0 ? sNear : splits[cIdx - 1] ?? sFar;
-    const cascadeFar = splits[cIdx] ?? sFar;
-    const corners = computeFrustumCorners(
-      cameraVP,
-      cameraData.near,
-      cameraData.far,
-      cascadeNear,
-      cascadeFar,
-      cameraData.projection
-    );
-    const lightMVP = mat4.clone(lightView);
-    let minX = Infinity;
-    let maxX = -Infinity;
-    let minY = Infinity;
-    let maxY = -Infinity;
-    let minZ = Infinity;
-    let maxZ = -Infinity;
-    for (const ws of corners) {
-      const ls = vec3.create();
-      mat4.transformVec3(ls, lightMVP, ws);
-      if ((ls[0] ?? 0) < minX) minX = ls[0] ?? 0;
-      if ((ls[0] ?? 0) > maxX) maxX = ls[0] ?? 0;
-      if ((ls[1] ?? 0) < minY) minY = ls[1] ?? 0;
-      if ((ls[1] ?? 0) > maxY) maxY = ls[1] ?? 0;
-      if ((ls[2] ?? 0) < minZ) minZ = ls[2] ?? 0;
-      if ((ls[2] ?? 0) > maxZ) maxZ = ls[2] ?? 0;
+    const dirN = vec3.create(
+      hasValidDirection ? (dir[0] ?? 0) / dirLen : dir[0] ?? 0,
+      hasValidDirection ? (dir[1] ?? 0) / dirLen : dir[1] ?? 0,
+      hasValidDirection ? (dir[2] ?? 0) / dirLen : dir[2] ?? 0
+    );
+    const castShadow = s.castShadow;
+    const sMapSize = s.mapSize;
+    const sNearPlane = s.nearPlane;
+    const sFarPlane = s.farPlane;
+    const iesProfileAsset = s.iesProfile === void 0 ? void 0 : resolveAssetHandle(world, s.iesProfile);
+    const cookieAsset = s.cookie === void 0 ? void 0 : resolveAssetHandle(world, s.cookie);
+    const hasProjector = Number(s.projector) > 0;
+    let projectorHandle;
+    let projectorAsset;
+    let projectorGuid;
+    if (hasProjector) {
+      const candidate = toShared(Math.round(Number(s.projector)));
+      const resolvedProjector = resolveAssetHandle(world, candidate);
+      if (!resolvedProjector.ok || resolvedProjector.value.kind !== "texture") {
+        worldInternal._routeError(
+          resolvedProjector.ok ? new RhiError({
+            code: "asset-not-registered",
+            expected: "SpotLight.projector resolves to a TextureAsset",
+            hint: "load the authored projector TextureAsset before assigning SpotLight.projector",
+            detail: { assetHandle: Number(candidate) }
+          }) : resolvedProjector.error,
+          { severity: Severity.Error, systemName: "RenderSystem.extract (spot-projector)" }
+        );
+      } else {
+        projectorHandle = candidate;
+        projectorAsset = resolvedProjector.value;
+        projectorGuid = assets?.guidOf(projectorAsset) ?? `handle:${Number(candidate)}`;
+      }
     }
-    const nearZ = Math.max(maxZ, lightSpaceMaxZFull);
-    const orthoProj = mat4.create();
-    mat4.orthographic(orthoProj, minX, maxX, minY, maxY, -nearZ, -minZ);
-    cascadeFits.push({
-      split: splits[cIdx] ?? sFar,
-      minX,
-      maxX,
-      minY,
-      maxY,
-      minZ,
-      maxZ
-    });
-    resultLightViewProjs.push(new Float32Array(mat4.multiply(mat4.create(), orthoProj, lightView)));
-  }
-  const projection = projectDirectionalShadow(
-    cascadeFits,
-    config.mapSize,
-    config.shadowFilter ?? 2,
-    config.shadowAngularRadius ?? 465e-5,
-    config.maxPenumbraTexels ?? 32
-  );
-  if (projection === void 0) return null;
-  return {
-    lightViewProj: resultLightViewProjs,
-    splitPlanes: projection.splitPlanes,
-    cascadeCount,
-    cascadeBlend: config.cascadeBlend,
-    shadowMapSize: config.mapSize,
-    directionalShadowQuality: projection.directionalShadowQuality
-  };
-}
-var ALL_VISIBLE = {
-  diagnostics: [],
-  hasAnyIntent: false,
-  hasAnyHiddenIntent: false,
-  get: () => void 0,
-  effective: () => "visible"
-};
-function collectCameraSnapshots(world) {
-  const worldInternal = createWorldInternalView(world);
-  const cameras = [];
-  const cameraQuery = world.query({ read: [Camera], optional: [MotionBlur], with: [Transform, GlobalTransform] }).unwrap();
-  for (const row of cameraQuery) {
-    const cam = row.get(Camera);
-    const motionBlur = row.get(MotionBlur);
-    const entity = row.entity;
-    const view = worldInternal._getArrayView(entity, GlobalTransform, "world");
-    if (view === void 0) continue;
-    const worldMat = new Float32Array(view);
-    const target = resolveCameraTarget(world, cam.target);
-    cameras.push({
-      entityKey: entity,
-      ...target === void 0 ? {} : { target },
-      historyVersion: cam.historyVersion,
-      position: mat4.getTranslation(vec3.create(), worldMat),
-      world: worldMat,
-      fov: cam.fov,
-      aspect: cam.aspect,
-      near: cam.near,
-      far: cam.far,
-      projection: cameraProjectionFromF32(cam.projection),
-      orthoLeft: cam.left,
-      orthoRight: cam.right,
-      orthoBottom: cam.bottom,
-      orthoTop: cam.top,
-      tonemap: tonemapFromF32(cam.tonemap),
-      exposure: cam.exposure,
-      whitePoint: cam.whitePoint,
-      antialias: antialiasFromF32(cam.antialias),
-      bloom: bloomEnabledFromF32(cam.bloom),
-      bloomThreshold: cam.bloomThreshold,
-      bloomIntensity: cam.bloomIntensity,
-      bloomBlurRadius: cam.bloomBlurRadius,
-      clearColor: [
-        cam.clearColor[0] ?? 0,
-        cam.clearColor[1] ?? 0,
-        cam.clearColor[2] ?? 0,
-        cam.clearColor[3] ?? 1
-      ],
-      ...motionBlur === void 0 ? {} : {
-        motionBlur: {
-          shutterAngle: motionBlur.shutterAngle,
-          maxRadiusPixels: motionBlur.maxRadiusPixels,
-          sampleCount: motionBlur.sampleCount
-        }
+    const iesProfileData = iesProfileAsset?.ok && iesProfileAsset.value.kind === "ies-profile" ? new Uint8Array(iesProfileAsset.value.data) : void 0;
+    const cookieProjection = cookieAsset?.ok && cookieAsset.value.kind === "texture" ? prepareCookieProjection(cookieAsset.value) : void 0;
+    const cookieData = cookieProjection?.data;
+    const projectorProjection = projectorAsset === void 0 ? void 0 : prepareCookieProjection(projectorAsset);
+    const projectorData = projectorProjection?.data;
+    const iesProfileHandle = s.iesProfile === void 0 ? void 0 : handleSlot(s.iesProfile);
+    const cookieHandle = s.cookie === void 0 ? void 0 : handleSlot(s.cookie);
+    let iesProfileSlice = iesProfileHandle === void 0 ? void 0 : iesSlices.get(iesProfileHandle);
+    if (iesProfileSlice === void 0 && iesProfileHandle !== void 0 && iesProfileData !== void 0 && iesSlices.size < IES_SLICE_CAPACITY) {
+      iesProfileSlice = iesSlices.size;
+      iesSlices.set(iesProfileHandle, iesProfileSlice);
+    }
+    let cookieSlice = cookieHandle === void 0 ? void 0 : cookieSlices.get(cookieHandle);
+    if (cookieSlice === void 0 && cookieHandle !== void 0 && cookieData !== void 0 && cookieSlices.size < COOKIE_SLICE_CAPACITY) {
+      cookieSlice = cookieSlices.size;
+      cookieSlices.set(cookieHandle, cookieSlice);
+    }
+    let projectorSlice = projectorHandle === void 0 ? void 0 : projectorSlices.get(projectorHandle) ?? cookieSlices.get(projectorHandle);
+    if (projectorSlice === void 0 && projectorHandle !== void 0 && projectorData !== void 0 && cookieSlices.size + projectorSlices.size < COOKIE_SLICE_CAPACITY) {
+      projectorSlice = cookieSlices.size + projectorSlices.size;
+      projectorSlices.set(projectorHandle, projectorSlice);
+    }
+    const shadowIntensity = s.shadowIntensity;
+    let lightViewProj2;
+    let shadowAtlasTile = -1;
+    if ((castShadow || hasProjector) && hasValidDirection) {
+      const target = vec3.create(
+        (position[0] ?? 0) + (dirN[0] ?? 0),
+        (position[1] ?? 0) + (dirN[1] ?? 0),
+        (position[2] ?? 0) + (dirN[2] ?? 0)
+      );
+      const fov = outerConeDeg * 2 * (Math.PI / 180);
+      const proj = mat4.create();
+      mat4.perspective(proj, fov, 1, sNearPlane, sFarPlane);
+      const view = mat4.create();
+      mat4.lookAt(view, position, target, vec3.create(0, 1, 0));
+      lightViewProj2 = new Float32Array(16);
+      mat4.multiply(lightViewProj2, proj, view);
+      if (castShadow && spotTileNext < 4) {
+        shadowAtlasTile = spotTileNext;
+        spotTileNext += 1;
+      }
+    }
+    spotSnapshots.push({
+      kind: "spot",
+      entity: row.entity,
+      // D-6: position reflects world transform; direction stays sourced
+      // from SpotLight.direction (NOT rotated by the parent).
+      position,
+      direction: dirN,
+      color: vec3.create(
+        (s.color[0] ?? 1) * intensity,
+        (s.color[1] ?? 1) * intensity,
+        (s.color[2] ?? 1) * intensity
+      ),
+      intensity,
+      invRangeSquared: computeInvRangeSquared(range),
+      cosInner: degToCos(innerConeDeg),
+      cosOuter: degToCos(outerConeDeg),
+      ...s.iesProfile === void 0 ? {} : {
+        iesProfileHandle: handleSlot(s.iesProfile),
+        ...iesProfileSlice === void 0 ? {} : { iesProfileSlice }
+      },
+      ...s.cookie === void 0 ? {} : {
+        cookieHandle: handleSlot(s.cookie),
+        ...cookieSlice === void 0 ? {} : { cookieSlice }
+      },
+      ...iesProfileData === void 0 ? {} : { iesProfileData },
+      ...cookieData === void 0 ? {} : { cookieData },
+      ...cookieProjection === void 0 ? {} : { cookieMatrix: cookieProjection.matrix },
+      ...projectorSlice === void 0 ? {} : { projectorSlice },
+      ...projectorData === void 0 ? {} : { projectorData },
+      ...projectorProjection === void 0 ? {} : { projectorMatrix: projectorProjection.matrix },
+      rollDeg: s.rollDeg,
+      // ── shadow fields ──
+      castShadow,
+      lightViewProj: lightViewProj2,
+      mapSize: sMapSize,
+      nearPlane: sNearPlane,
+      farPlane: sFarPlane,
+      shadowAtlasTile,
+      shadowIntensity,
+      depthBias: s.depthBias,
+      normalBias: s.normalBias,
+      pcfKernelSize: s.pcfKernelSize,
+      ...projectorHandle === void 0 || projectorAsset === void 0 || projectorGuid === void 0 ? {} : {
+        projectorHandle,
+        projectorAsset,
+        projectorGuid,
+        projectorGeneration: 1,
+        projectorRevision: 1
       }
     });
   }
-  return cameras;
-}
-function collectCubeCameraSnapshots(world) {
-  const worldInternal = createWorldInternalView(world);
-  const snapshots = [];
-  const query = world.query({ read: [CubeCamera], with: [Transform, GlobalTransform] }).unwrap();
-  for (const row of query) {
-    const camera = row.get(CubeCamera);
-    const target = resolveCameraTarget(world, camera.target);
-    if (target === void 0) continue;
-    const view = worldInternal._getArrayView(row.entity, GlobalTransform, "world");
-    if (view === void 0) continue;
-    snapshots.push({
-      entityKey: row.entity,
-      target,
-      position: [view[12] ?? 0, view[13] ?? 0, view[14] ?? 0],
-      near: camera.near,
-      far: camera.far,
-      updateIntent: cubeCameraUpdateIntentFromF32(camera.updateIntent),
-      requestVersion: camera.requestVersion,
-      faceBudget: camera.faceBudget
-    });
-  }
-  return snapshots;
-}
-function collectReflectionProbeFacts(world) {
-  const worldInternal = createWorldInternalView(world);
-  const facts = [];
-  const query = world.query({ read: [ReflectionProbe], with: [Transform, GlobalTransform] }).unwrap();
-  for (const row of query) {
-    const probe = row.get(ReflectionProbe);
-    const view = worldInternal._getArrayView(row.entity, GlobalTransform, "world");
-    if (view === void 0) {
+  const rectSnapshots = [];
+  const rectLightQuery = world.query({
+    read: [RectAreaLight],
+    optional: [Transform, GlobalTransform]
+  }).unwrap();
+  for (const row of rectLightQuery) {
+    const light = row.get(RectAreaLight);
+    const validation = validateRectAreaLightData({
+      intensity: light.intensity,
+      color: light.color,
+      width: light.width,
+      height: light.height,
+      range: light.range
+    });
+    if (!validation.ok) {
+      worldInternal._routeError(validation.error, {
+        severity: Severity.Error,
+        systemName: "RenderSystem.extract (rect-area-light)"
+      });
       continue;
     }
-    facts.push({
-      worldId: 0,
-      entityKey: row.entity,
-      center: [view[12] ?? 0, view[13] ?? 0, view[14] ?? 0],
-      halfExtents: [
-        probe.halfExtents[0] ?? 0,
-        probe.halfExtents[1] ?? 0,
-        probe.halfExtents[2] ?? 0
-      ],
-      priority: probe.priority,
-      intensity: probe.intensity,
-      resolution: probe.resolution,
-      revision: probe.invalidationVersion,
-      updateIntent: reflectionProbeUpdateIntentFromF32(probe.updateIntent),
-      invalidationVersion: probe.invalidationVersion
+    const worldView = row.get(GlobalTransform);
+    const worldMat = worldView === void 0 ? void 0 : new Float32Array(worldInternal._getArrayView(row.entity, GlobalTransform, "world") ?? []);
+    const position = worldMat !== void 0 ? mat4.getTranslation(vec3.create(), worldMat) : vec3.create(0, 0, 0);
+    const frame = buildRectAreaWorldFrame({
+      center: position,
+      axisX: [worldMat?.[0] ?? 1, worldMat?.[1] ?? 0, worldMat?.[2] ?? 0],
+      axisY: [worldMat?.[4] ?? 0, worldMat?.[5] ?? 1, worldMat?.[6] ?? 0],
+      width: light.width,
+      height: light.height
     });
-  }
-  return facts;
-}
-function selectCameraRoles(world) {
-  const cameras = collectCameraSnapshots(world);
-  const displayEntities = cameras.filter((camera) => camera.target === void 0).map((camera) => camera.entityKey ?? 0);
-  const activeCameraIndex = selectActiveCameraIndex(
-    displayEntities,
-    getActiveCamera(world)?.entity
-  );
-  const displayEntityKey = displayEntities[activeCameraIndex] ?? displayEntities[0];
-  const display = displayEntityKey === void 0 ? [] : cameras.filter((camera) => camera.entityKey === displayEntityKey);
-  const candidates = cameras.map((camera) => ({
-    worldId: 0,
-    entityKey: camera.entityKey ?? 0,
-    ...camera.target === void 0 ? {} : { target: camera.target },
-    requestVersion: 0,
-    update: "continuous"
-  }));
-  const selected = selectCameraTargetViews(candidates, {
-    ...displayEntityKey === void 0 ? {} : { displayEntityKey },
-    budget: 1
-  });
-  const auxiliary = selected.auxiliary.flatMap(
-    (candidate) => cameras.filter((camera) => camera.entityKey === candidate.entityKey)
-  );
-  return { display, auxiliary };
-}
-function tonemapParams(camera) {
-  const bytes = new ArrayBuffer(16);
-  const floats = new Float32Array(bytes);
-  const integers = new Uint32Array(bytes);
-  floats[0] = camera.exposure;
-  floats[1] = camera.whitePoint;
-  integers[2] = tonemapToU32(camera.tonemap);
-  return new Uint8Array(bytes);
-}
-function prepareExtractContext(world, options = {}) {
-  const renderables = options.renderables ?? "full";
-  return {
-    assets: options.assets,
-    pipelineState: options.pipelineState,
-    materialSnapshotCache: options.materialSnapshotCache,
-    resourceOwnerFog: options.resourceOwnerFog,
-    cull: options.cull ?? "self",
-    cullCameras: options.cullCameras,
-    renderables,
-    visibility: renderables === "none" ? ALL_VISIBLE : resolveVisibility(world),
-    getMaterialShaderArtifact: options.getMaterialShaderArtifact
-  };
-}
-var fogQueries = /* @__PURE__ */ new WeakMap();
-var fogLkgStates = /* @__PURE__ */ new WeakMap();
-function fogState(world) {
-  const existing = fogLkgStates.get(world);
-  if (existing !== void 0) return existing;
-  const created = { lkg: void 0, failure: void 0 };
-  fogLkgStates.set(world, created);
-  return created;
-}
-function selectFogFrame(world) {
-  const fogCandidates = [];
-  let fogQuery = fogQueries.get(world);
-  if (fogQuery === void 0) {
-    fogQuery = world.query({ read: [Fog] }).unwrap();
-    fogQueries.set(world, fogQuery);
-  }
-  for (const row of fogQuery) {
-    const value = row.get(Fog);
-    fogCandidates.push({
-      entityKey: row.entity,
-      color: [value.color[0] ?? 0, value.color[1] ?? 0, value.color[2] ?? 0],
-      density: value.density,
-      heightFalloff: value.heightFalloff,
-      maxOpacity: value.maxOpacity
+    rectSnapshots.push({
+      kind: "rect-area",
+      position,
+      color: vec3.create(
+        (light.color[0] ?? 1) * light.intensity,
+        (light.color[1] ?? 1) * light.intensity,
+        (light.color[2] ?? 1) * light.intensity
+      ),
+      intensity: light.intensity,
+      invRangeSquared: computeInvRangeSquared(light.range),
+      halfWidth: frame.halfWidth,
+      halfHeight: frame.halfHeight,
+      axisX: frame.axisX,
+      axisY: frame.axisY
     });
   }
-  const fogSelection = selectEnvironment({
-    environments: [],
-    fogs: fogCandidates,
-    suns: [],
-    lane: "direct"
-  });
-  const state = fogState(world);
-  if (fogSelection.ok) {
-    state.lkg = fogSelection.value.fog;
-    state.failure = void 0;
-    return fogSelection.value.fog;
-  }
-  state.failure = {
-    code: fogSelection.error.code,
-    expected: fogSelection.error.expected,
-    hint: fogSelection.error.hint,
-    detail: Object.freeze({ ...fogSelection.error.detail })
-  };
-  routeWorldError(world, fogSelection.error, {
-    systemName: "RenderSystem.extract (fog-selection)"
-  });
-  if (state.lkg !== void 0) return state.lkg;
-  throw fogSelection.error;
-}
-function textureDigest(texture) {
-  let hash = 2166136261;
-  for (const byte of texture.data) hash = Math.imul(hash ^ byte, 16777619) >>> 0;
-  return `fnv1a:${hash.toString(16).padStart(8, "0")}`;
-}
-function extractVolumeSnapshot(world, assets, worldInternal) {
-  const query = world.query({ read: [VolumetricFog] }).unwrap();
-  const authorings = [];
-  let selectedLight;
-  let first;
-  for (const row of query) {
-    const source = row.get(VolumetricFog);
-    if (source.light === null) continue;
-    const selected = resolveSelectedVolumetricLight(world, source.light);
-    if (selected.status === "available") {
-      const pairSpot = source.spotLight === null ? void 0 : source.spotLight;
-      selectedLight ??= {
-        entity: selected.entity,
-        kind: selected.kind,
-        ...selected.kind === "point" ? { pointLightEntity: selected.entity } : {},
-        ...pairSpot === void 0 ? {} : { spotLightEntity: pairSpot }
-      };
-    }
-    const densityHandle = toShared(Math.round(Number(source.density)));
-    const resolved = resolveAssetHandle(world, densityHandle);
-    if (!resolved.ok || resolved.value.kind !== "texture") {
-      worldInternal._routeError(
-        resolved.ok ? new RhiError({
-          code: "asset-not-registered",
-          expected: "VolumetricFog.density resolves to a TextureAsset",
-          hint: "load a TextureAsset before assigning it to VolumetricFog.density",
-          detail: { assetHandle: Number(densityHandle) }
-        }) : resolved.error,
-        { severity: Severity.Error, systemName: "RenderSystem.extract (volumetric-density)" }
-      );
-      return { status: "degraded" };
+  let volumeSpot;
+  const extractedFog = volumetricFog;
+  if (extractedFog !== void 0) {
+    if (extractedFog.spotLightEntity !== void 0) {
+      volumeSpot = spotSnapshots.find((light) => light.entity === extractedFog.spotLightEntity);
+    } else if (extractedFog.lightKind === "spot") {
+      volumeSpot = spotSnapshots.find((light) => light.entity === extractedFog.lightEntity);
     }
-    const densityAsset = resolved.value;
-    const guid = assets?.guidOf(densityAsset) ?? `handle:${Number(densityHandle)}`;
-    const shape = densityAsset.shape;
-    const density = shape.viewDimension === "3d" ? {
-      guid,
-      generation: 1,
-      shape: {
-        viewDimension: "3d",
-        extent: {
-          width: shape.extent.width,
-          height: shape.extent.height,
-          depth: shape.extent.depth
-        }
-      },
-      format: densityAsset.format,
-      colorSpace: densityAsset.colorSpace
-    } : {
-      guid,
-      generation: 1,
-      shape: {
-        viewDimension: shape.viewDimension,
-        extent: shape.viewDimension === "2d-array" ? {
-          width: shape.extent.width,
-          height: shape.extent.height,
-          layers: shape.extent.layers
-        } : { width: shape.extent.width, height: shape.extent.height }
-      },
-      format: densityAsset.format,
-      colorSpace: densityAsset.colorSpace
-    };
-    const authoring = {
-      light: source.light,
-      density,
-      bounds: {
-        min: [source.boundsMin[0] ?? 0, source.boundsMin[1] ?? 0, source.boundsMin[2] ?? 0],
-        max: [source.boundsMax[0] ?? 0, source.boundsMax[1] ?? 0, source.boundsMax[2] ?? 0]
+  }
+  if (volumetricFog !== void 0 && volumetricFog.status === "available" && volumeSpot?.projectorAsset !== void 0 && volumeSpot.projectorHandle !== void 0) {
+    const projectorHandle = volumeSpot.projectorHandle;
+    const projectorAsset = volumeSpot.projectorAsset;
+    volumetricFog = {
+      ...volumetricFog,
+      projector: {
+        guid: volumeSpot.projectorGuid ?? `handle:${Number(volumeSpot.projectorHandle)}`,
+        generation: volumeSpot.projectorGeneration ?? 1,
+        view: "2d",
+        sampler: "linear-clamp-to-edge",
+        projection: "spot-projection",
+        revision: volumeSpot.projectorRevision ?? 1
       },
-      extinction: [source.extinction[0] ?? 0, source.extinction[1] ?? 0, source.extinction[2] ?? 0],
-      albedo: [source.albedo[0] ?? 0, source.albedo[1] ?? 0, source.albedo[2] ?? 0],
-      emission: [source.emission[0] ?? 0, source.emission[1] ?? 0, source.emission[2] ?? 0],
-      anisotropy: source.anisotropy,
-      maxDistance: source.maxDistance
+      projectorHandle,
+      projectorAsset
     };
-    authorings.push(authoring);
-    first ??= { densityHandle, densityAsset, guid };
-  }
-  if (authorings.length === 0) return void 0;
-  const extracted = extractVolumetricFog(authorings);
-  if (!extracted.ok) {
-    worldInternal._routeError(extracted.error, {
-      severity: Severity.Error,
-      systemName: "RenderSystem.extract (volumetric-fog)"
-    });
-    return {
-      status: "degraded",
-      ...first === void 0 ? {} : {
-        densityHandle: first.densityHandle,
-        densityAsset: first.densityAsset,
-        guid: first.guid,
-        generation: 1,
-        digest: textureDigest(first.densityAsset),
-        ...selectedLight === void 0 ? {} : {
-          lightEntity: selectedLight.entity,
-          lightKind: selectedLight.kind,
-          ...selectedLight.pointLightEntity === void 0 ? {} : { pointLightEntity: selectedLight.pointLightEntity },
-          ...selectedLight.spotLightEntity === void 0 ? {} : { spotLightEntity: selectedLight.spotLightEntity }
-        }
-      }
-    };
-  }
-  if (extracted.value.status === "off" || first === void 0) return { status: "off" };
-  const selectedLightFields = selectedLight === void 0 ? {} : {
-    lightEntity: selectedLight.entity,
-    lightKind: selectedLight.kind,
-    ...selectedLight.pointLightEntity === void 0 ? {} : { pointLightEntity: selectedLight.pointLightEntity },
-    ...selectedLight.spotLightEntity === void 0 ? {} : { spotLightEntity: selectedLight.spotLightEntity }
-  };
-  return {
-    status: "available",
-    fog: extracted.value.fog,
-    densityHandle: first.densityHandle,
-    densityAsset: first.densityAsset,
-    guid: first.guid,
-    generation: 1,
-    digest: textureDigest(first.densityAsset),
-    ...selectedLightFields
-  };
-}
-function extractFrames(worlds, owner, assets, pipelineState, materialSnapshotCachesByWorld, options = {}) {
-  const cameraOwner = typeof owner === "number" ? owner : owner.cameraOwner;
-  const resourceOwner = typeof owner === "number" ? owner : owner.resourceOwner;
-  const skinPaletteAllocator = pipelineState?.skinPaletteAllocator ?? null;
-  if (skinPaletteAllocator !== null) {
-    skinPaletteAllocator.resetForFrame();
-  }
-  const failedWorlds = /* @__PURE__ */ new Set();
-  const resourceOwnerWorld = worlds[resourceOwner];
-  const resourceOwnerFog = resourceOwnerWorld === void 0 ? null : selectFogFrame(resourceOwnerWorld) ?? null;
-  const succeededFrames = [];
-  const succeededIndices = [];
-  const extractionOrder = Array.from({ length: worlds.length }, (_, wi) => wi).sort((a, b) => {
-    if (a === cameraOwner) return -1;
-    if (b === cameraOwner) return 1;
-    return a - b;
-  });
-  const framesByWorld = /* @__PURE__ */ new Map();
-  for (const wi of extractionOrder) {
-    const world = worlds[wi];
-    if (world === void 0 || failedWorlds.has(world)) continue;
-    try {
-      const isCameraOwner = wi === cameraOwner;
-      const cameraOwnerFrame2 = framesByWorld.get(cameraOwner);
-      const prepared = prepareExtractContext(world, {
-        ...assets !== void 0 ? { assets } : {},
-        ...pipelineState !== void 0 ? { pipelineState } : {},
-        resourceOwnerFog: wi === resourceOwner ? resourceOwnerFog : null,
-        ...materialSnapshotCachesByWorld === void 0 ? {} : {
-          materialSnapshotCache: materialSnapshotCachesByWorld.get(world) ?? (() => {
-            const cache = /* @__PURE__ */ new Map();
-            materialSnapshotCachesByWorld.set(world, cache);
-            return cache;
-          })()
-        },
-        cull: options.cull === "none" ? "none" : isCameraOwner ? "self" : "external",
-        ...options.getMaterialShaderArtifact === void 0 ? {} : { getMaterialShaderArtifact: options.getMaterialShaderArtifact },
-        ...cameraOwnerFrame2 === void 0 ? {} : { cullCameras: cameraOwnerFrame2.cameras },
-        renderables: options.renderables ?? "full"
-      });
-      const frame = extractFrame(world, prepared);
-      framesByWorld.set(wi, frame);
-    } catch (err6) {
-      try {
-        createWorldInternalView(world)._routeError(err6, {
-          severity: Severity.Error,
-          systemName: `RenderSystem.extractFrames(world[${wi}])`
-        });
-      } catch {
-      }
-    }
-  }
-  for (let wi = 0; wi < worlds.length; wi++) {
-    const frame = framesByWorld.get(wi);
-    if (frame === void 0) continue;
-    succeededFrames.push(frame);
-    succeededIndices.push(wi);
-  }
-  const renderables = [];
-  const dispatchEntries = [];
-  const visibilitySnapshots = [];
-  const featureVisibilitySnapshots = [];
-  const hiddenEntityReports = [];
-  for (let fi = 0; fi < succeededFrames.length; fi++) {
-    const f = succeededFrames[fi];
-    const wId = succeededIndices[fi];
-    if (f === void 0 || wId === void 0) continue;
-    const base = renderables.length;
-    const visibilitySnapshot = f.visibilitySnapshots[0];
-    const world = worlds[wId];
-    if (visibilitySnapshot !== void 0) {
-      visibilitySnapshots.push(visibilitySnapshot);
-      if (world !== void 0)
-        featureVisibilitySnapshots.push({ world, snapshot: visibilitySnapshot });
-    }
-    hiddenEntityReports.push(...f.hiddenEntityReports);
-    for (const r of f.renderables) {
-      renderables.push({
-        ...r,
-        worldId: wId,
-        ...r.pointsLines === void 0 ? {} : { pointsLines: { ...r.pointsLines, worldId: wId } }
-      });
-    }
-    for (const d of f.dispatch) {
-      dispatchEntries.push({ ...d, renderableIndex: (d.renderableIndex ?? 0) + base });
-    }
   }
-  dispatchEntries.sort((a, b) => (a.queue ?? 0) - (b.queue ?? 0));
-  const point = [];
-  const spot = [];
-  const rect = [];
-  let directional;
-  let directionalCount = 0;
   let lightViewProj;
   let splitPlanes;
   let cascadeCount;
   let cascadeBlend;
   let shadowMapSize;
-  let depthBias;
-  let normalBias;
   let directionalShadowQuality;
-  let directionalShadowError;
-  const pointShadow = [];
   let directionalCsmConfig;
   let directionalCsmDirection;
-  for (const f of succeededFrames) {
-    for (const p of f.lights.point) point.push(p);
-    for (const s of f.lights.spot) spot.push(s);
-    for (const r of f.lights.rect) rect.push(r);
-    for (const ps of f.lights.pointShadow) pointShadow.push(ps);
-    if (directional === void 0 && f.lights.directional !== void 0) {
-      directional = f.lights.directional;
-      lightViewProj = f.lights.lightViewProj;
-      splitPlanes = f.lights.splitPlanes;
-      cascadeCount = f.lights.cascadeCount;
-      cascadeBlend = f.lights.cascadeBlend;
-      shadowMapSize = f.lights.shadowMapSize;
-      depthBias = f.lights.depthBias;
-      normalBias = f.lights.normalBias;
-      directionalShadowQuality = f.lights.directionalShadowQuality;
-      directionalShadowError = f.lights.directionalShadowError;
-      directionalCsmConfig = f.lights.directionalCsmConfig;
-      directionalCsmDirection = f.lights.directionalCsmDirection;
+  const cam0 = cameras[0];
+  const cameraData = cam0 !== void 0 ? {
+    world: cam0.world,
+    fov: cam0.fov,
+    aspect: cam0.aspect,
+    near: cam0.near,
+    far: cam0.far,
+    projection: cam0.projection,
+    orthoLeft: cam0.orthoLeft,
+    orthoRight: cam0.orthoRight,
+    orthoBottom: cam0.orthoBottom,
+    orthoTop: cam0.orthoTop
+  } : void 0;
+  if (directional !== void 0 && firstHitCastShadow !== false && directionalShadowError === void 0) {
+    const dirSnapshot = directional;
+    const sf = firstHitShadowFields;
+    if (sf !== void 0) {
+      directionalCsmConfig = {
+        cascadeCount: sf.cascadeCount,
+        splitLambda: sf.splitLambda,
+        cascadeBlend: sf.cascadeBlend,
+        mapSize: sf.mapSize,
+        shadowDistance: sf.shadowDistance,
+        shadowFilter: sf.shadowFilter,
+        shadowAngularRadius: sf.shadowAngularRadius,
+        maxPenumbraTexels: sf.maxPenumbraTexels
+      };
+      directionalCsmDirection = dirSnapshot.direction;
+      const csm = computeDirectionalCsm(dirSnapshot.direction, directionalCsmConfig, cameraData);
+      cascadeCount = Math.round(sf.cascadeCount);
+      cascadeBlend = sf.cascadeBlend;
+      shadowMapSize = sf.mapSize;
+      if (csm !== null) {
+        lightViewProj = csm.lightViewProj;
+        splitPlanes = csm.splitPlanes;
+        directionalShadowQuality = csm.directionalShadowQuality;
+      } else {
+        const sNear = cameraData?.near ?? 0.1;
+        const splits = pssmSplit(sNear, sf.shadowDistance, cascadeCount, sf.splitLambda);
+        const padded = new Float32Array(16);
+        for (let i = 0; i < splits.length; i++) padded[i * 4] = splits[i] ?? 0;
+        splitPlanes = padded;
+      }
+      directionalShadowQuality = directionalShadowQualityFromF32(
+        sf.shadowFilter,
+        sf.shadowAngularRadius,
+        sf.maxPenumbraTexels
+      );
     }
-    directionalCount += f.lights.directionalCount;
-  }
-  let cameraOwnerFrame;
-  let resourceOwnerFrame;
-  for (let fi = 0; fi < succeededFrames.length; fi++) {
-    if (succeededIndices[fi] === cameraOwner) cameraOwnerFrame = succeededFrames[fi];
-    if (succeededIndices[fi] === resourceOwner) resourceOwnerFrame = succeededFrames[fi];
   }
-  const cameras = cameraOwnerFrame !== void 0 ? [...cameraOwnerFrame.cameras] : [];
-  const auxiliaryCameras = cameraOwnerFrame !== void 0 ? [...cameraOwnerFrame.auxiliaryCameras] : [];
-  const cubeCameras = cameraOwnerFrame !== void 0 ? [...cameraOwnerFrame.cubeCameras] : [];
-  const mergeCam = cameras[0];
-  if (directionalCsmConfig !== void 0 && directionalCsmDirection !== void 0) {
-    const mergeCameraData = mergeCam !== void 0 ? {
-      world: mergeCam.world,
-      fov: mergeCam.fov,
-      aspect: mergeCam.aspect,
-      near: mergeCam.near,
-      far: mergeCam.far,
-      projection: mergeCam.projection,
-      orthoLeft: mergeCam.orthoLeft,
-      orthoRight: mergeCam.orthoRight,
-      orthoBottom: mergeCam.orthoBottom,
-      orthoTop: mergeCam.orthoTop
-    } : void 0;
-    const csm = computeDirectionalCsm(
-      directionalCsmDirection,
-      directionalCsmConfig,
-      mergeCameraData
-    );
-    if (csm !== null) {
-      lightViewProj = csm.lightViewProj;
-      splitPlanes = csm.splitPlanes;
-      cascadeCount = csm.cascadeCount;
-      cascadeBlend = csm.cascadeBlend;
-      shadowMapSize = csm.shadowMapSize;
-      directionalShadowQuality = csm.directionalShadowQuality;
+  const paddedSplitPlanes = new Float32Array(16);
+  if (splitPlanes !== void 0) {
+    for (let i = 0; i < splitPlanes.length; i++) {
+      paddedSplitPlanes[i] = splitPlanes[i] ?? 0;
     }
   }
-  const lights = {
-    directional,
-    directionalCount,
-    point,
-    spot,
-    rect,
-    lightViewProj,
-    splitPlanes,
-    cascadeCount,
-    cascadeBlend,
-    shadowMapSize,
-    depthBias,
-    normalBias,
+  const pointShadowSnapshots = [];
+  {
+    const pointShadowQuery = world.query({ read: [Transform, GlobalTransform, PointLightShadow], with: [PointLight] }).unwrap();
+    for (const row of pointShadowQuery) {
+      const ps = row.get(PointLightShadow);
+      const wRow = row.get(GlobalTransform).world;
+      if (wRow === void 0) continue;
+      const px = wRow[12] ?? 0;
+      const py = wRow[13] ?? 0;
+      const pz = wRow[14] ?? 0;
+      const lightPos = vec3.create(px, py, pz);
+      const mapSize = ps.mapSize;
+      const nearPlane = ps.nearPlane;
+      const farPlane = ps.farPlane;
+      const layer = pointShadowSnapshots.length < SHADOW_ATLAS_DEFAULT_LAYERS ? pointShadowSnapshots.length : -1;
+      const matrices = buildPointShadowMatrices(lightPos, nearPlane, farPlane);
+      const packed = new Float32Array(96);
+      for (let f = 0; f < 6; f++) {
+        const m = matrices[f];
+        if (m === void 0) continue;
+        for (let k = 0; k < 16; k++) {
+          packed[f * 16 + k] = m[k] ?? 0;
+        }
+      }
+      pointShadowSnapshots.push({
+        entity: row.entity,
+        position: lightPos,
+        mapSize,
+        nearPlane,
+        farPlane,
+        shadowAtlasLayer: layer,
+        shadowMatrices: packed
+      });
+    }
+  }
+  if (pointShadowSnapshots.length > 0) {
+    const shadowByEntity = /* @__PURE__ */ new Map();
+    for (const ps of pointShadowSnapshots) shadowByEntity.set(ps.entity, ps);
+    for (let i = 0; i < pointSnapshots.length; i++) {
+      const entityId = pointSnapshotEntities[i] ?? 0;
+      const ps = shadowByEntity.get(entityId);
+      if (ps !== void 0) {
+        pointSnapshots[i] = {
+          ...pointSnapshots[i],
+          shadowAtlasLayer: ps.shadowAtlasLayer,
+          shadowNear: ps.nearPlane,
+          shadowFar: ps.farPlane
+        };
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  const lights = {
+    directional,
+    directionalCount,
+    point: pointSnapshots,
+    spot: spotSnapshots,
+    rect: rectSnapshots,
+    lightViewProj,
+    splitPlanes: splitPlanes !== void 0 ? paddedSplitPlanes : void 0,
+    cascadeCount,
+    cascadeBlend,
+    shadowMapSize,
+    depthBias: firstHitCastShadow !== false ? firstHitShadowFields?.depthBias : void 0,
+    normalBias: firstHitCastShadow !== false ? firstHitShadowFields?.normalBias : void 0,
     directionalShadowQuality,
     directionalShadowError,
-    pointShadow,
+    pointShadow: pointShadowSnapshots,
+    // bug-20260710-editor-cross-world-shadow: raw CSM config + light direction
+    // so the merge layer can recompute matrices against the surfaced camera.
     directionalCsmConfig,
     directionalCsmDirection
   };
-  const volumetricFog = resourceOwnerFrame?.volumetricFog;
-  const skylight = resourceOwnerFrame?.skylight;
-  const skylightCount = resourceOwnerFrame?.skylightCount ?? 0;
-  const skybox = resourceOwnerFrame?.skybox;
-  const skyboxCount = resourceOwnerFrame?.skyboxCount ?? 0;
-  const fog = resourceOwnerFrame?.fog;
-  const fogFailure = resourceOwnerFrame?.fogFailure;
-  const environment = resourceOwnerFrame?.environment;
-  const lightProbes = succeededFrames.flatMap((frame) => frame.lightProbes ?? []);
-  const postProcessParams = new Map(resourceOwnerFrame?.postProcessParams);
-  const OUTPUT_TRANSFORM_PARAM_KEY = STANDARD_OUTPUT_TRANSFORM_FEATURE_ID;
-  const cameraTonemapParam = cameraOwnerFrame?.postProcessParams.get(OUTPUT_TRANSFORM_PARAM_KEY);
-  if (cameraTonemapParam !== void 0) {
-    postProcessParams.set(OUTPUT_TRANSFORM_PARAM_KEY, cameraTonemapParam);
-  } else {
-    postProcessParams.delete(OUTPUT_TRANSFORM_PARAM_KEY);
-  }
-  const frustumStats = {
-    culled: succeededFrames.reduce((s, f) => s + f.frustumStats.culled, 0),
-    total: succeededFrames.reduce((s, f) => s + f.frustumStats.total, 0)
-  };
-  const visibilityStats = {
-    explicitlyHidden: succeededFrames.reduce((s, f) => s + f.visibilityStats.explicitlyHidden, 0)
-  };
-  const reflectionProbes = succeededFrames.flatMap((f, index) => {
-    const worldId = succeededIndices[index] ?? 0;
-    return (f.reflectionProbes ?? []).map((probe) => ({ ...probe, worldId }));
-  });
-  return {
-    cameras,
-    auxiliaryCameras,
-    cubeCameras,
-    reflectionProbes,
-    lights,
-    ...volumetricFog === void 0 ? {} : { volumetricFog: { ...volumetricFog, worldId: resourceOwner } },
-    renderables,
-    dispatch: dispatchEntries,
-    skylight,
-    skylightCount,
-    lightProbes,
-    skybox,
-    skyboxCount,
-    fog,
-    ...fogFailure === void 0 ? {} : { fogFailure },
-    environment,
-    environmentReady: resourceOwnerFrame !== void 0 && environment !== void 0,
-    frustumStats,
-    visibilityStats,
-    postProcessParams,
-    visibilitySnapshots,
-    featureVisibilitySnapshots,
-    hiddenEntityReports
-  };
-}
-function hasFiniteOrderedLocalAabb(aabb) {
-  if (aabb === void 0 || aabb.length !== 6) return false;
-  const minX = aabb[0];
-  const minY = aabb[1];
-  const minZ = aabb[2];
-  const maxX = aabb[3];
-  const maxY = aabb[4];
-  const maxZ = aabb[5];
-  if (minX === void 0 || minY === void 0 || minZ === void 0 || maxX === void 0 || maxY === void 0 || maxZ === void 0) {
-    return false;
-  }
-  if (!Number.isFinite(minX) || !Number.isFinite(minY) || !Number.isFinite(minZ) || !Number.isFinite(maxX) || !Number.isFinite(maxY) || !Number.isFinite(maxZ)) {
-    return false;
-  }
-  return minX <= maxX && minY <= maxY && minZ <= maxZ;
-}
-function morphSnapshotFor(mesh, weights) {
-  const targets = mesh.morphTargets;
-  if (targets === void 0 || targets.length === 0 || weights === void 0) return void 0;
-  if (weights.length !== targets.length) return void 0;
-  const firstPositions = targets[0]?.position;
-  if (firstPositions === void 0 || firstPositions.length === 0 || firstPositions.length % 3 !== 0) {
-    return void 0;
-  }
-  const vertexCount = firstPositions.length / 3;
-  if (mesh.vertices.length % vertexCount !== 0) return void 0;
-  for (let targetIndex = 0; targetIndex < targets.length; targetIndex += 1) {
-    const target = targets[targetIndex];
-    if (target?.position?.length !== firstPositions.length) return void 0;
-  }
-  const copied = new Float32Array(weights.length);
-  for (let index = 0; index < weights.length; index += 1) {
-    const weight = weights[index] ?? Number.NaN;
-    if (!Number.isFinite(weight)) return void 0;
-    copied[index] = weight;
-  }
-  return { weights: copied, targetCount: targets.length };
-}
-function extractFrame(world, context) {
-  const {
-    assets,
-    pipelineState,
-    materialSnapshotCache: persistentMaterialSnapshotCache,
-    cull: cullMode,
-    resourceOwnerFog,
-    getMaterialShaderArtifact
-  } = context;
-  const fog = resourceOwnerFog === void 0 ? selectFogFrame(world) : resourceOwnerFog ?? void 0;
-  const fogFailure = fogState(world).failure;
-  const visibility = context.visibility.hasAnyHiddenIntent ? context.visibility : void 0;
-  const skinPaletteAllocator = pipelineState?.skinPaletteAllocator ?? null;
-  const directionalLightQuery = world.query({ read: [DirectionalLight] }).unwrap();
-  const worldInternal = createWorldInternalView(world);
-  let volumetricFog = extractVolumeSnapshot(world, assets, worldInternal);
-  const cameraRoles = selectCameraRoles(world);
-  const cameras = [...cameraRoles.display];
-  const auxiliaryCameras = cameraRoles.auxiliary;
-  const cubeCameras = collectCubeCameraSnapshots(world);
-  const reflectionProbes = collectReflectionProbeFacts(world);
-  let directional;
-  let directionalCount = 0;
-  let firstHitCastShadow;
-  let firstHitShadowFields;
-  for (const row of directionalLightQuery) {
-    const l = row.get(DirectionalLight);
-    directionalCount += 1;
-    const intensity = l.intensity;
-    const snapshot = {
-      kind: "directional",
-      entity: row.entity,
-      direction: vec3.create(l.direction[0] ?? 0, l.direction[1] ?? -1, l.direction[2] ?? 0),
-      color: vec3.create(
-        (l.color[0] ?? 1) * intensity,
-        (l.color[1] ?? 1) * intensity,
-        (l.color[2] ?? 1) * intensity
-      ),
-      intensity
-    };
-    if (directional === void 0) {
-      directional = snapshot;
-      firstHitCastShadow = l.castShadow;
-      firstHitShadowFields = {
-        cascadeCount: l.cascadeCount,
-        splitLambda: l.splitLambda,
-        cascadeBlend: l.cascadeBlend,
-        mapSize: l.mapSize,
-        depthBias: l.depthBias,
-        normalBias: l.normalBias,
-        shadowDistance: l.shadowDistance,
-        shadowFilter: l.shadowFilter,
-        shadowAngularRadius: l.shadowAngularRadius,
-        maxPenumbraTexels: l.maxPenumbraTexels
+  const skylightQuery = world.query({ read: [Skylight] }).unwrap();
+  let skylight;
+  let skylightCount = 0;
+  for (const row of skylightQuery) {
+    const s = row.get(Skylight);
+    const equirectRaw = s.equirect;
+    const intensity = s.intensity;
+    const colorR = s.color[0] ?? 1;
+    const colorG = s.color[1] ?? 1;
+    const colorB = s.color[2] ?? 1;
+    const rotation = [
+      s.rotation[0] ?? 0,
+      s.rotation[1] ?? 0,
+      s.rotation[2] ?? 0,
+      s.rotation[3] ?? 1
+    ];
+    skylightCount += 1;
+    if (skylight === void 0) {
+      skylight = {
+        equirectHandle: equirectRaw !== void 0 ? Math.round(equirectRaw) : 0,
+        color: [colorR, colorG, colorB],
+        intensity,
+        rotation,
+        // w19: winning entity handle for the multi-Skylight once-warn (F-8).
+        entityHandle: row.entity
       };
     }
   }
-  let directionalShadowError;
-  if (directional !== void 0 && firstHitShadowFields !== void 0) {
-    const validation = validateDirectionalLightData({
-      direction: directional.direction,
-      castShadow: firstHitCastShadow,
-      ...firstHitShadowFields
+  const lightProbeQuery = world.query({ read: [LightProbe, GlobalTransform] }).unwrap();
+  const lightProbes = [];
+  for (const row of lightProbeQuery) {
+    const probe = row.get(LightProbe);
+    const validation = validateLightProbeData({
+      irradiance: probe.irradiance,
+      radius: probe.radius
     });
     if (!validation.ok) {
-      directionalShadowError = validation.error;
-      worldInternal._routeError(directionalShadowError, {
+      worldInternal._routeError(validation.error, {
         severity: Severity.Error,
-        systemName: "RenderSystem.extract (directional-shadow)"
+        systemName: "RenderSystem.extract (light-probe)"
       });
+      continue;
     }
+    const transform = row.get(GlobalTransform);
+    lightProbes.push({
+      identity: String(row.entity),
+      position: [transform.world[12] ?? 0, transform.world[13] ?? 0, transform.world[14] ?? 0],
+      radius: probe.radius,
+      irradiance: new Float32Array(probe.irradiance),
+      admitted: true
+    });
   }
-  const pointSnapshots = [];
-  const pointSnapshotEntities = [];
-  const pointLightQuery = world.query({
-    read: [PointLight],
-    optional: [Transform, GlobalTransform]
-  }).unwrap();
-  for (const row of pointLightQuery) {
-    const p = row.get(PointLight);
-    const hasTransform = row.get(GlobalTransform) !== void 0;
-    const intensity = p.intensity;
-    const range = p.range;
-    const entityId = row.entity;
-    let worldMat;
-    if (hasTransform) {
-      const view = worldInternal._getArrayView(entityId, GlobalTransform, "world");
-      if (view !== void 0) worldMat = new Float32Array(view);
+  const skyboxQuery = world.query({ read: [SkyboxBackground] }).unwrap();
+  let skybox;
+  let skyboxCount = 0;
+  for (const row of skyboxQuery) {
+    const s = row.get(SkyboxBackground);
+    const equirectRaw = s.equirect;
+    const modeRaw = s.mode;
+    const rotation = [
+      s.rotation[0] ?? 0,
+      s.rotation[1] ?? 0,
+      s.rotation[2] ?? 0,
+      s.rotation[3] ?? 1
+    ];
+    skyboxCount += 1;
+    if (skybox === void 0 && equirectRaw !== void 0) {
+      skybox = {
+        equirectHandle: Math.round(equirectRaw),
+        mode: modeRaw,
+        rotation,
+        // w19: winning entity handle for the multi-SkyboxBackground warn (F-8).
+        entityHandle: row.entity
+      };
     }
-    const position = worldMat !== void 0 ? mat4.getTranslation(vec3.create(), worldMat) : vec3.create(0, 0, 0);
-    pointSnapshots.push({
-      kind: "point",
-      entity: entityId,
-      position,
-      color: vec3.create(
-        (p.color[0] ?? 1) * intensity,
-        (p.color[1] ?? 1) * intensity,
-        (p.color[2] ?? 1) * intensity
-      ),
-      intensity,
-      invRangeSquared: computeInvRangeSquared(range)
+  }
+  const environmentCandidates = [];
+  const imageEnvironment = skylight?.equirectHandle !== void 0 && skylight.equirectHandle > 0 ? skylight : skybox?.equirectHandle !== void 0 && skybox.equirectHandle > 0 ? skybox : void 0;
+  if (imageEnvironment !== void 0) {
+    environmentCandidates.push({
+      kind: "image",
+      entityKey: imageEnvironment.entityHandle,
+      sourceKey: `equirect:${imageEnvironment.equirectHandle}`
     });
-    pointSnapshotEntities.push(entityId);
   }
-  const spotSnapshots = [];
-  const spotLightQuery = world.query({
-    read: [SpotLight],
-    optional: [Transform, GlobalTransform]
-  }).unwrap();
-  let spotTileNext = 0;
-  const iesSlices = /* @__PURE__ */ new Map();
-  const cookieSlices = /* @__PURE__ */ new Map();
-  const projectorSlices = /* @__PURE__ */ new Map();
-  for (const row of spotLightQuery) {
-    const s = row.get(SpotLight);
-    const hasTransform = row.get(GlobalTransform) !== void 0;
-    const intensity = s.intensity;
-    const range = s.range;
-    const innerConeDeg = s.innerConeDeg;
-    const outerConeDeg = s.outerConeDeg;
-    let worldMat;
-    if (hasTransform) {
-      const entity = row.entity;
-      const view = worldInternal._getArrayView(entity, GlobalTransform, "world");
-      if (view !== void 0) worldMat = new Float32Array(view);
-    }
-    const position = worldMat !== void 0 ? mat4.getTranslation(vec3.create(), worldMat) : vec3.create(0, 0, 0);
-    const dir = vec3.create(s.direction[0] ?? 0, s.direction[1] ?? -1, s.direction[2] ?? 0);
-    const dirLen = Math.sqrt(
-      (dir[0] ?? 0) * (dir[0] ?? 0) + (dir[1] ?? 0) * (dir[1] ?? 0) + (dir[2] ?? 0) * (dir[2] ?? 0)
-    );
-    const EPSILON = 1e-6;
-    const hasValidDirection = dirLen > EPSILON;
-    if (!hasValidDirection) {
-      worldInternal._routeError(
-        new SpawnLightInvalidBoundsError("SpotLight", "direction", [
-          dir[0] ?? 0,
-          dir[1] ?? 0,
-          dir[2] ?? 0
-        ]),
-        {
-          severity: Severity.Error,
-          systemName: "RenderSystem.extract (spot-direction)"
-        }
-      );
+  const atmosphereQuery = world.query({ read: [Atmosphere] }).unwrap();
+  for (const row of atmosphereQuery) {
+    const value = row.get(Atmosphere);
+    const atmosphere = {
+      turbidity: value.turbidity,
+      rayleigh: value.rayleigh,
+      mieCoefficient: value.mieCoefficient,
+      mieDirectionalG: value.mieDirectionalG,
+      sunAngularRadius: value.sunAngularRadius
+    };
+    environmentCandidates.push({
+      kind: "atmosphere",
+      entityKey: row.entity,
+      sourceKey: `atmosphere:${row.entity}`,
+      atmosphere
+    });
+  }
+  const directionalDirection = directional?.direction;
+  const directionalLength = directionalDirection === void 0 ? 0 : Math.hypot(
+    directionalDirection[0] ?? 0,
+    directionalDirection[1] ?? 0,
+    directionalDirection[2] ?? 0
+  );
+  const sun = directional === void 0 || directionalLength <= 1e-6 ? [] : [
+    {
+      entityKey: 0,
+      direction: [
+        -(directionalDirection?.[0] ?? 0) / directionalLength,
+        -(directionalDirection?.[1] ?? 0) / directionalLength,
+        -(directionalDirection?.[2] ?? 0) / directionalLength
+      ],
+      color: [
+        directional.color[0] ?? 0,
+        directional.color[1] ?? 0,
+        directional.color[2] ?? 0
+      ],
+      intensity: directional.intensity
     }
-    const dirN = vec3.create(
-      hasValidDirection ? (dir[0] ?? 0) / dirLen : dir[0] ?? 0,
-      hasValidDirection ? (dir[1] ?? 0) / dirLen : dir[1] ?? 0,
-      hasValidDirection ? (dir[2] ?? 0) / dirLen : dir[2] ?? 0
-    );
-    const castShadow = s.castShadow;
-    const sMapSize = s.mapSize;
-    const sNearPlane = s.nearPlane;
-    const sFarPlane = s.farPlane;
-    const iesProfileAsset = s.iesProfile === void 0 ? void 0 : resolveAssetHandle(world, s.iesProfile);
-    const cookieAsset = s.cookie === void 0 ? void 0 : resolveAssetHandle(world, s.cookie);
-    const hasProjector = Number(s.projector) > 0;
-    let projectorHandle;
-    let projectorAsset;
-    let projectorGuid;
-    if (hasProjector) {
-      const candidate = toShared(Math.round(Number(s.projector)));
-      const resolvedProjector = resolveAssetHandle(world, candidate);
-      if (!resolvedProjector.ok || resolvedProjector.value.kind !== "texture") {
-        worldInternal._routeError(
-          resolvedProjector.ok ? new RhiError({
-            code: "asset-not-registered",
-            expected: "SpotLight.projector resolves to a TextureAsset",
-            hint: "load the authored projector TextureAsset before assigning SpotLight.projector",
-            detail: { assetHandle: Number(candidate) }
-          }) : resolvedProjector.error,
-          { severity: Severity.Error, systemName: "RenderSystem.extract (spot-projector)" }
+  ];
+  const environmentSelection = selectEnvironment({
+    environments: environmentCandidates,
+    fogs: fog === void 0 ? [] : [fog],
+    suns: sun,
+    lane: "direct"
+  });
+  if (!environmentSelection.ok) {
+    routeWorldError(world, environmentSelection.error, {
+      systemName: "RenderSystem.extract (environment-selection)"
+    });
+    throw environmentSelection.error;
+  }
+  const environment = environmentSelection.value;
+  const frustumPlanes = [];
+  const cullingCameras = cullMode === "external" ? context.cullCameras ?? [] : cameras;
+  if (cullMode !== "none") {
+    for (const cam of cullingCameras) {
+      if (cam.projection === "perspective" && (cam.fov <= 0 || cam.aspect <= 0)) {
+        frustumPlanes.push(new Float32Array(0));
+        continue;
+      }
+      if (cam.near >= cam.far) {
+        frustumPlanes.push(new Float32Array(0));
+        continue;
+      }
+      const proj = mat4.create();
+      if (cam.projection === "orthographic") {
+        mat4.orthographic(
+          proj,
+          cam.orthoLeft,
+          cam.orthoRight,
+          cam.orthoTop,
+          cam.orthoBottom,
+          cam.near,
+          cam.far
         );
       } else {
-        projectorHandle = candidate;
-        projectorAsset = resolvedProjector.value;
-        projectorGuid = assets?.guidOf(projectorAsset) ?? `handle:${Number(candidate)}`;
+        mat4.perspective(proj, cam.fov, cam.aspect, cam.near, cam.far);
       }
-    }
-    const iesProfileData = iesProfileAsset?.ok && iesProfileAsset.value.kind === "ies-profile" ? new Uint8Array(iesProfileAsset.value.data) : void 0;
-    const cookieProjection = cookieAsset?.ok && cookieAsset.value.kind === "texture" ? prepareCookieProjection(cookieAsset.value) : void 0;
-    const cookieData = cookieProjection?.data;
-    const projectorProjection = projectorAsset === void 0 ? void 0 : prepareCookieProjection(projectorAsset);
-    const projectorData = projectorProjection?.data;
-    const iesProfileHandle = s.iesProfile === void 0 ? void 0 : handleSlot(s.iesProfile);
-    const cookieHandle = s.cookie === void 0 ? void 0 : handleSlot(s.cookie);
-    let iesProfileSlice = iesProfileHandle === void 0 ? void 0 : iesSlices.get(iesProfileHandle);
-    if (iesProfileSlice === void 0 && iesProfileHandle !== void 0 && iesProfileData !== void 0 && iesSlices.size < IES_SLICE_CAPACITY) {
-      iesProfileSlice = iesSlices.size;
-      iesSlices.set(iesProfileHandle, iesProfileSlice);
-    }
-    let cookieSlice = cookieHandle === void 0 ? void 0 : cookieSlices.get(cookieHandle);
-    if (cookieSlice === void 0 && cookieHandle !== void 0 && cookieData !== void 0 && cookieSlices.size < COOKIE_SLICE_CAPACITY) {
-      cookieSlice = cookieSlices.size;
-      cookieSlices.set(cookieHandle, cookieSlice);
-    }
-    let projectorSlice = projectorHandle === void 0 ? void 0 : projectorSlices.get(projectorHandle) ?? cookieSlices.get(projectorHandle);
-    if (projectorSlice === void 0 && projectorHandle !== void 0 && projectorData !== void 0 && cookieSlices.size + projectorSlices.size < COOKIE_SLICE_CAPACITY) {
-      projectorSlice = cookieSlices.size + projectorSlices.size;
-      projectorSlices.set(projectorHandle, projectorSlice);
-    }
-    const shadowIntensity = s.shadowIntensity;
-    let lightViewProj2;
-    let shadowAtlasTile = -1;
-    if ((castShadow || hasProjector) && hasValidDirection) {
-      const target = vec3.create(
-        (position[0] ?? 0) + (dirN[0] ?? 0),
-        (position[1] ?? 0) + (dirN[1] ?? 0),
-        (position[2] ?? 0) + (dirN[2] ?? 0)
-      );
-      const fov = outerConeDeg * 2 * (Math.PI / 180);
-      const proj = mat4.create();
-      mat4.perspective(proj, fov, 1, sNearPlane, sFarPlane);
       const view = mat4.create();
-      mat4.lookAt(view, position, target, vec3.create(0, 1, 0));
-      lightViewProj2 = new Float32Array(16);
-      mat4.multiply(lightViewProj2, proj, view);
-      if (castShadow && spotTileNext < 4) {
-        shadowAtlasTile = spotTileNext;
-        spotTileNext += 1;
-      }
+      mat4.invert(view, cam.world);
+      const vp = mat4.create();
+      mat4.multiply(vp, proj, view);
+      const f = frustum.create();
+      frustum.fromViewProjection(f, vp);
+      frustumPlanes.push(f);
     }
-    spotSnapshots.push({
-      kind: "spot",
-      entity: row.entity,
-      // D-6: position reflects world transform; direction stays sourced
-      // from SpotLight.direction (NOT rotated by the parent).
-      position,
-      direction: dirN,
-      color: vec3.create(
-        (s.color[0] ?? 1) * intensity,
-        (s.color[1] ?? 1) * intensity,
-        (s.color[2] ?? 1) * intensity
-      ),
-      intensity,
-      invRangeSquared: computeInvRangeSquared(range),
-      cosInner: degToCos(innerConeDeg),
-      cosOuter: degToCos(outerConeDeg),
-      ...s.iesProfile === void 0 ? {} : {
-        iesProfileHandle: handleSlot(s.iesProfile),
-        ...iesProfileSlice === void 0 ? {} : { iesProfileSlice }
-      },
-      ...s.cookie === void 0 ? {} : {
-        cookieHandle: handleSlot(s.cookie),
-        ...cookieSlice === void 0 ? {} : { cookieSlice }
-      },
-      ...iesProfileData === void 0 ? {} : { iesProfileData },
-      ...cookieData === void 0 ? {} : { cookieData },
-      ...cookieProjection === void 0 ? {} : { cookieMatrix: cookieProjection.matrix },
-      ...projectorSlice === void 0 ? {} : { projectorSlice },
-      ...projectorData === void 0 ? {} : { projectorData },
-      ...projectorProjection === void 0 ? {} : { projectorMatrix: projectorProjection.matrix },
-      rollDeg: s.rollDeg,
-      // ── shadow fields ──
-      castShadow,
-      lightViewProj: lightViewProj2,
-      mapSize: sMapSize,
-      nearPlane: sNearPlane,
-      farPlane: sFarPlane,
-      shadowAtlasTile,
-      shadowIntensity,
-      depthBias: s.depthBias,
-      normalBias: s.normalBias,
-      pcfKernelSize: s.pcfKernelSize,
-      ...projectorHandle === void 0 || projectorAsset === void 0 || projectorGuid === void 0 ? {} : {
-        projectorHandle,
-        projectorAsset,
-        projectorGuid,
-        projectorGeneration: 1,
-        projectorRevision: 1
-      }
-    });
   }
-  const rectSnapshots = [];
-  const rectLightQuery = world.query({
-    read: [RectAreaLight],
-    optional: [Transform, GlobalTransform]
+  const renderables = [];
+  let frustumCulled = 0;
+  let frustumTotal = 0;
+  const explicitlyHidden = /* @__PURE__ */ new Set();
+  let dispatch = [];
+  const materialSnapshotCache = /* @__PURE__ */ new Map();
+  const meshRendererQuery = context.renderables === "none" ? [] : world.query({
+    read: [MeshRenderer],
+    optional: [
+      Transform,
+      GlobalTransform,
+      MeshFilter,
+      Instances,
+      Skin,
+      Layer,
+      MorphWeights,
+      SpriteRegionOverride,
+      SpriteInstances,
+      Points,
+      Lines,
+      SortKey
+    ]
   }).unwrap();
-  for (const row of rectLightQuery) {
-    const light = row.get(RectAreaLight);
-    const validation = validateRectAreaLightData({
-      intensity: light.intensity,
-      color: light.color,
-      width: light.width,
-      height: light.height,
-      range: light.range
-    });
-    if (!validation.ok) {
-      worldInternal._routeError(validation.error, {
-        severity: Severity.Error,
-        systemName: "RenderSystem.extract (rect-area-light)"
-      });
-      continue;
+  const resolveArchVersion = (entity) => {
+    const values = [
+      worldInternal._getArrayView(entity, Instances, "transforms"),
+      worldInternal._getArrayView(entity, SpriteInstances, "transforms"),
+      worldInternal._getArrayView(entity, SpriteInstances, "regions")
+    ];
+    let hash = 2166136261;
+    for (const value of values) {
+      hash = Math.imul(hash ^ (value?.length ?? 0), 16777619) >>> 0;
+      if (value === void 0) continue;
+      for (let index = 0; index < value.length; index += 1) {
+        hash = Math.imul(hash ^ Math.fround(value[index] ?? 0), 16777619) >>> 0;
+      }
     }
-    const worldView = row.get(GlobalTransform);
-    const worldMat = worldView === void 0 ? void 0 : new Float32Array(worldInternal._getArrayView(row.entity, GlobalTransform, "world") ?? []);
-    const position = worldMat !== void 0 ? mat4.getTranslation(vec3.create(), worldMat) : vec3.create(0, 0, 0);
-    const frame = buildRectAreaWorldFrame({
-      center: position,
-      axisX: [worldMat?.[0] ?? 1, worldMat?.[1] ?? 0, worldMat?.[2] ?? 0],
-      axisY: [worldMat?.[4] ?? 0, worldMat?.[5] ?? 1, worldMat?.[6] ?? 0],
-      width: light.width,
-      height: light.height
-    });
-    rectSnapshots.push({
-      kind: "rect-area",
-      position,
-      color: vec3.create(
-        (light.color[0] ?? 1) * light.intensity,
-        (light.color[1] ?? 1) * light.intensity,
-        (light.color[2] ?? 1) * light.intensity
-      ),
-      intensity: light.intensity,
-      invRangeSquared: computeInvRangeSquared(light.range),
-      halfWidth: frame.halfWidth,
-      halfHeight: frame.halfHeight,
-      axisX: frame.axisX,
-      axisY: frame.axisY
-    });
-  }
-  let volumeSpot;
-  const extractedFog = volumetricFog;
-  if (extractedFog !== void 0) {
-    if (extractedFog.spotLightEntity !== void 0) {
-      volumeSpot = spotSnapshots.find((light) => light.entity === extractedFog.spotLightEntity);
-    } else if (extractedFog.lightKind === "spot") {
-      volumeSpot = spotSnapshots.find((light) => light.entity === extractedFog.lightEntity);
+    return hash;
+  };
+  const flushPendingDispatch = (pending) => {
+    for (const entry of pending) dispatch.push(entry);
+  };
+  for (const row of meshRendererQuery) {
+    const hasTransform = row.has(Transform);
+    const meshFilter = row.get(MeshFilter);
+    const hasInstances = row.has(Instances);
+    const skin = row.get(Skin);
+    const morphWeightsView = worldInternal._getArrayView(row.entity, MorphWeights, "weights");
+    const hasMeshFilter = meshFilter !== void 0;
+    const hasSkin = skin !== void 0;
+    const hasSpriteInstances = row.has(SpriteInstances);
+    const points = row.get(Points);
+    const lines = row.get(Lines);
+    const sortKey = row.get(SortKey)?.value;
+    const pointsLinesComponent = points !== void 0 ? "Points" : lines !== void 0 ? "Lines" : void 0;
+    const isRenderable = hasTransform && hasMeshFilter;
+    const fAssetHandle = meshFilter?.assetHandle;
+    const fLayerValue = row.get(Layer)?.value;
+    const hasSpriteRegionOverride = row.has(SpriteRegionOverride);
+    const skinSkeletonView = skin?.skeleton;
+    let archVersion = 0;
+    if (hasInstances || hasSpriteInstances) {
+      archVersion = resolveArchVersion(row.entity);
     }
-  }
-  if (volumetricFog !== void 0 && volumetricFog.status === "available" && volumeSpot?.projectorAsset !== void 0 && volumeSpot.projectorHandle !== void 0) {
-    const projectorHandle = volumeSpot.projectorHandle;
-    const projectorAsset = volumeSpot.projectorAsset;
-    volumetricFog = {
-      ...volumetricFog,
-      projector: {
-        guid: volumeSpot.projectorGuid ?? `handle:${Number(volumeSpot.projectorHandle)}`,
-        generation: volumeSpot.projectorGeneration ?? 1,
-        view: "2d",
-        sampler: "linear-clamp-to-edge",
-        projection: "spot-projection",
-        revision: volumeSpot.projectorRevision ?? 1
-      },
-      projectorHandle,
-      projectorAsset
-    };
-  }
-  let lightViewProj;
-  let splitPlanes;
-  let cascadeCount;
-  let cascadeBlend;
-  let shadowMapSize;
-  let directionalShadowQuality;
-  let directionalCsmConfig;
-  let directionalCsmDirection;
-  const cam0 = cameras[0];
-  const cameraData = cam0 !== void 0 ? {
-    world: cam0.world,
-    fov: cam0.fov,
-    aspect: cam0.aspect,
-    near: cam0.near,
-    far: cam0.far,
-    projection: cam0.projection,
-    orthoLeft: cam0.orthoLeft,
-    orthoRight: cam0.orthoRight,
-    orthoBottom: cam0.orthoBottom,
-    orthoTop: cam0.orthoTop
-  } : void 0;
-  if (directional !== void 0 && firstHitCastShadow !== false && directionalShadowError === void 0) {
-    const dirSnapshot = directional;
-    const sf = firstHitShadowFields;
-    if (sf !== void 0) {
-      directionalCsmConfig = {
-        cascadeCount: sf.cascadeCount,
-        splitLambda: sf.splitLambda,
-        cascadeBlend: sf.cascadeBlend,
-        mapSize: sf.mapSize,
-        shadowDistance: sf.shadowDistance,
-        shadowFilter: sf.shadowFilter,
-        shadowAngularRadius: sf.shadowAngularRadius,
-        maxPenumbraTexels: sf.maxPenumbraTexels
-      };
-      directionalCsmDirection = dirSnapshot.direction;
-      const csm = computeDirectionalCsm(dirSnapshot.direction, directionalCsmConfig, cameraData);
-      cascadeCount = Math.round(sf.cascadeCount);
-      cascadeBlend = sf.cascadeBlend;
-      shadowMapSize = sf.mapSize;
-      if (csm !== null) {
-        lightViewProj = csm.lightViewProj;
-        splitPlanes = csm.splitPlanes;
-        directionalShadowQuality = csm.directionalShadowQuality;
-      } else {
-        const sNear = cameraData?.near ?? 0.1;
-        const splits = pssmSplit(sNear, sf.shadowDistance, cascadeCount, sf.splitLambda);
-        const padded = new Float32Array(16);
-        for (let i = 0; i < splits.length; i++) padded[i * 4] = splits[i] ?? 0;
-        splitPlanes = padded;
+    {
+      const entity = row.entity;
+      if (isRenderable && visibility?.effective(entity) === "hidden") {
+        explicitlyHidden.add(entity);
+        continue;
       }
-      directionalShadowQuality = directionalShadowQualityFromF32(
-        sf.shadowFilter,
-        sf.shadowAngularRadius,
-        sf.maxPenumbraTexels
+      const layerVal = fLayerValue ?? 0;
+      const pendingDispatch = [];
+      const materialsView = worldInternal._getArrayView(entity, MeshRenderer, "materials");
+      const materialCount = materialsView?.length ?? 0;
+      let materialHandles = Array.from(materialsView ?? []);
+      let materialBindingSources = materialHandles.map(
+        () => "renderer-override"
       );
-    }
-  }
-  const paddedSplitPlanes = new Float32Array(16);
-  if (splitPlanes !== void 0) {
-    for (let i = 0; i < splitPlanes.length; i++) {
-      paddedSplitPlanes[i] = splitPlanes[i] ?? 0;
-    }
-  }
-  const pointShadowSnapshots = [];
-  {
-    const pointShadowQuery = world.query({ read: [Transform, GlobalTransform, PointLightShadow], with: [PointLight] }).unwrap();
-    for (const row of pointShadowQuery) {
-      const ps = row.get(PointLightShadow);
-      const wRow = row.get(GlobalTransform).world;
-      if (wRow === void 0) continue;
-      const px = wRow[12] ?? 0;
-      const py = wRow[13] ?? 0;
-      const pz = wRow[14] ?? 0;
-      const lightPos = vec3.create(px, py, pz);
-      const mapSize = ps.mapSize;
-      const nearPlane = ps.nearPlane;
-      const farPlane = ps.farPlane;
-      const layer = pointShadowSnapshots.length < SHADOW_ATLAS_DEFAULT_LAYERS ? pointShadowSnapshots.length : -1;
-      const matrices = buildPointShadowMatrices(lightPos, nearPlane, farPlane);
-      const packed = new Float32Array(96);
-      for (let f = 0; f < 6; f++) {
-        const m = matrices[f];
-        if (m === void 0) continue;
-        for (let k = 0; k < 16; k++) {
-          packed[f * 16 + k] = m[k] ?? 0;
+      let materialBindingDiagnostics = [];
+      let gpuDrivenSubmeshes = [];
+      let gpuDrivenIndexed = false;
+      let gpuDrivenGeometry;
+      const fAssetHandleVal = fAssetHandle;
+      if (fAssetHandleVal !== void 0 && fAssetHandleVal !== 0 && assets !== void 0 && assets !== null) {
+        const meshHandle = toShared(fAssetHandleVal);
+        const meshRes = resolveAssetHandle(world, meshHandle);
+        if (meshRes.ok && meshRes.value.kind === "mesh") {
+          const meshAsset = meshRes.value;
+          const guid = meshRes.value.guid ?? "<no-guid>";
+          gpuDrivenSubmeshes = meshAsset.submeshes;
+          gpuDrivenIndexed = meshAsset.indices !== void 0;
+          const layoutProjection = deriveVertexLayoutProjection(meshAsset.attributes);
+          gpuDrivenGeometry = {
+            identity: `${guid}:${layoutProjection.digest}`,
+            vertexInputs: layoutProjection.attributes.map((attribute) => ({
+              semantic: attribute.key,
+              location: attribute.shaderLocation,
+              format: attribute.format
+            })),
+            topology: meshAsset.submeshes[0]?.topology ?? "triangle-list",
+            indexed: gpuDrivenIndexed
+          };
+          if (!Array.isArray(meshAsset.materialSlots) && world.get(entity, GlyphText).ok) {
+            ensureGlyphMeshMaterialSlots(world, meshHandle);
+          }
+          const resolvedBindings = resolveMeshMaterialBindings(meshAsset, materialsView ?? [], {
+            isValidOverride(handle) {
+              const resolved = resolveAssetHandle(world, toShared(handle));
+              return resolved.ok && resolved.value.kind === "material";
+            },
+            resolveMeshDefault(defaultGuid) {
+              const guidText = AssetGuid.format(defaultGuid);
+              if (assets.lookup(guidText)?.kind !== "material") return void 0;
+              return internSharedRefFromGuid(world, assets, guidText, "MaterialAsset");
+            }
+          });
+          if (!resolvedBindings.ok) {
+            if (resolvedBindings.code === "mesh-material-slots-missing") {
+              worldInternal._routeError(
+                new AssetError({
+                  code: "load-failed",
+                  expected: "every MeshAsset producer supplies materialSlots[]",
+                  hint: `fix the MeshAsset producer; renderer inheritance never guesses slot topology (mesh=${guid}, entity=${entity}, vertices=${meshAsset.vertices.length}, indices=${meshAsset.indices?.length ?? 0})`,
+                  detail: {
+                    referencedByGuid: guid,
+                    referencedByKind: "mesh",
+                    subAssetGuid: "<material-slots-missing>",
+                    sourceField: { fieldName: "materialSlots" }
+                  }
+                }),
+                {
+                  severity: Severity.Error,
+                  systemName: "RenderSystem.extract (mesh-material-slots-missing)"
+                }
+              );
+              continue;
+            }
+            const materialGuid = AssetGuid.format(resolvedBindings.defaultMaterial);
+            worldInternal._routeError(
+              new AssetError({
+                code: "load-failed",
+                expected: `MeshAsset materialSlots[${resolvedBindings.slotIndex}] default ${materialGuid} is ready and a MaterialAsset`,
+                hint: `loadByGuid(meshGuid) must recursively load the declared default material; mesh=${guid}, slot=${resolvedBindings.slotIndex}, material=${materialGuid}`,
+                detail: {
+                  referencedByGuid: guid,
+                  referencedByKind: "mesh",
+                  subAssetGuid: materialGuid,
+                  sourceField: {
+                    fieldName: "materialSlots",
+                    arrayIndex: resolvedBindings.slotIndex
+                  }
+                }
+              }),
+              {
+                severity: Severity.Error,
+                systemName: "RenderSystem.extract (mesh-default-not-ready)"
+              }
+            );
+            continue;
+          }
+          materialHandles = resolvedBindings.bindings.map((binding) => binding.handle);
+          materialBindingSources = resolvedBindings.bindings.map((binding) => binding.source);
+          materialBindingDiagnostics = resolvedBindings.diagnostics.map((diagnostic) => ({
+            ...diagnostic,
+            detail: diagnostic.code === "mesh-renderer-material-override-overflow" ? {
+              expectedCount: meshAsset.materialSlots.length,
+              actualCount: materialCount,
+              meshAssetGuid: guid
+            } : {
+              meshAssetGuid: guid,
+              slotIndex: diagnostic.slotIndex,
+              handle: diagnostic.handle ?? 0
+            }
+          }));
+          for (const diagnostic of resolvedBindings.diagnostics) {
+            worldInternal._routeError(
+              new AssetError({
+                code: diagnostic.code,
+                expected: diagnostic.code === "mesh-renderer-material-override-overflow" ? `materials.length <= materialSlots.length (${meshAsset.materialSlots.length})` : `materials[${diagnostic.slotIndex}] resolves to a live MaterialAsset`,
+                hint: ASSET_ERROR_HINTS[diagnostic.code],
+                detail: diagnostic.code === "mesh-renderer-material-override-overflow" ? {
+                  expectedCount: meshAsset.materialSlots.length,
+                  actualCount: materialCount,
+                  meshAssetGuid: guid
+                } : {
+                  meshAssetGuid: guid,
+                  slotIndex: diagnostic.slotIndex,
+                  handle: diagnostic.handle ?? 0
+                }
+              }),
+              {
+                severity: Severity.Warning,
+                systemName: `RenderSystem.extract (${diagnostic.code})`
+              }
+            );
+          }
         }
       }
-      pointShadowSnapshots.push({
-        entity: row.entity,
-        position: lightPos,
-        mapSize,
-        nearPlane,
-        farPlane,
-        shadowAtlasLayer: layer,
-        shadowMatrices: packed
-      });
-    }
-  }
-  if (pointShadowSnapshots.length > 0) {
-    const shadowByEntity = /* @__PURE__ */ new Map();
-    for (const ps of pointShadowSnapshots) shadowByEntity.set(ps.entity, ps);
-    for (let i = 0; i < pointSnapshots.length; i++) {
-      const entityId = pointSnapshotEntities[i] ?? 0;
-      const ps = shadowByEntity.get(entityId);
-      if (ps !== void 0) {
-        pointSnapshots[i] = {
-          ...pointSnapshots[i],
-          shadowAtlasLayer: ps.shadowAtlasLayer,
-          shadowNear: ps.nearPlane,
-          shadowFar: ps.farPlane
-        };
+      if (materialHandles.length === 0) {
+        materialHandles = [0];
+        materialBindingSources = ["engine-default"];
       }
-    }
-  }
-  const lights = {
-    directional,
-    directionalCount,
-    point: pointSnapshots,
-    spot: spotSnapshots,
-    rect: rectSnapshots,
-    lightViewProj,
-    splitPlanes: splitPlanes !== void 0 ? paddedSplitPlanes : void 0,
-    cascadeCount,
-    cascadeBlend,
-    shadowMapSize,
-    depthBias: firstHitCastShadow !== false ? firstHitShadowFields?.depthBias : void 0,
-    normalBias: firstHitCastShadow !== false ? firstHitShadowFields?.normalBias : void 0,
-    directionalShadowQuality,
-    directionalShadowError,
-    pointShadow: pointShadowSnapshots,
-    // bug-20260710-editor-cross-world-shadow: raw CSM config + light direction
-    // so the merge layer can recompute matrices against the surfaced camera.
-    directionalCsmConfig,
-    directionalCsmDirection
-  };
-  const skylightQuery = world.query({ read: [Skylight] }).unwrap();
-  let skylight;
-  let skylightCount = 0;
-  for (const row of skylightQuery) {
-    const s = row.get(Skylight);
-    const equirectRaw = s.equirect;
-    const intensity = s.intensity;
-    const colorR = s.color[0] ?? 1;
-    const colorG = s.color[1] ?? 1;
-    const colorB = s.color[2] ?? 1;
-    const rotation = [
-      s.rotation[0] ?? 0,
-      s.rotation[1] ?? 0,
-      s.rotation[2] ?? 0,
-      s.rotation[3] ?? 1
-    ];
-    skylightCount += 1;
-    if (skylight === void 0) {
-      skylight = {
-        equirectHandle: equirectRaw !== void 0 ? Math.round(equirectRaw) : 0,
-        color: [colorR, colorG, colorB],
-        intensity,
-        rotation,
-        // w19: winning entity handle for the multi-Skylight once-warn (F-8).
-        entityHandle: row.entity
-      };
-    }
-  }
-  const lightProbeQuery = world.query({ read: [LightProbe, GlobalTransform] }).unwrap();
-  const lightProbes = [];
-  for (const row of lightProbeQuery) {
-    const probe = row.get(LightProbe);
-    const validation = validateLightProbeData({
-      irradiance: probe.irradiance,
-      radius: probe.radius
-    });
-    if (!validation.ok) {
-      worldInternal._routeError(validation.error, {
-        severity: Severity.Error,
-        systemName: "RenderSystem.extract (light-probe)"
-      });
-      continue;
-    }
-    const transform = row.get(GlobalTransform);
-    lightProbes.push({
-      identity: String(row.entity),
-      position: [transform.world[12] ?? 0, transform.world[13] ?? 0, transform.world[14] ?? 0],
-      radius: probe.radius,
-      irradiance: new Float32Array(probe.irradiance),
-      admitted: true
-    });
-  }
-  const skyboxQuery = world.query({ read: [SkyboxBackground] }).unwrap();
-  let skybox;
-  let skyboxCount = 0;
-  for (const row of skyboxQuery) {
-    const s = row.get(SkyboxBackground);
-    const equirectRaw = s.equirect;
-    const modeRaw = s.mode;
-    const rotation = [
-      s.rotation[0] ?? 0,
-      s.rotation[1] ?? 0,
-      s.rotation[2] ?? 0,
-      s.rotation[3] ?? 1
-    ];
-    skyboxCount += 1;
-    if (skybox === void 0 && equirectRaw !== void 0) {
-      skybox = {
-        equirectHandle: Math.round(equirectRaw),
-        mode: modeRaw,
-        rotation,
-        // w19: winning entity handle for the multi-SkyboxBackground warn (F-8).
-        entityHandle: row.entity
-      };
-    }
-  }
-  const environmentCandidates = [];
-  const imageEnvironment = skylight?.equirectHandle !== void 0 && skylight.equirectHandle > 0 ? skylight : skybox?.equirectHandle !== void 0 && skybox.equirectHandle > 0 ? skybox : void 0;
-  if (imageEnvironment !== void 0) {
-    environmentCandidates.push({
-      kind: "image",
-      entityKey: imageEnvironment.entityHandle,
-      sourceKey: `equirect:${imageEnvironment.equirectHandle}`
-    });
-  }
-  const atmosphereQuery = world.query({ read: [Atmosphere] }).unwrap();
-  for (const row of atmosphereQuery) {
-    const value = row.get(Atmosphere);
-    const atmosphere = {
-      turbidity: value.turbidity,
-      rayleigh: value.rayleigh,
-      mieCoefficient: value.mieCoefficient,
-      mieDirectionalG: value.mieDirectionalG,
-      sunAngularRadius: value.sunAngularRadius
-    };
-    environmentCandidates.push({
-      kind: "atmosphere",
-      entityKey: row.entity,
-      sourceKey: `atmosphere:${row.entity}`,
-      atmosphere
-    });
-  }
-  const directionalDirection = directional?.direction;
-  const directionalLength = directionalDirection === void 0 ? 0 : Math.hypot(
-    directionalDirection[0] ?? 0,
-    directionalDirection[1] ?? 0,
-    directionalDirection[2] ?? 0
-  );
-  const sun = directional === void 0 || directionalLength <= 1e-6 ? [] : [
-    {
-      entityKey: 0,
-      direction: [
-        -(directionalDirection?.[0] ?? 0) / directionalLength,
-        -(directionalDirection?.[1] ?? 0) / directionalLength,
-        -(directionalDirection?.[2] ?? 0) / directionalLength
-      ],
-      color: [
-        directional.color[0] ?? 0,
-        directional.color[1] ?? 0,
-        directional.color[2] ?? 0
-      ],
-      intensity: directional.intensity
-    }
-  ];
-  const environmentSelection = selectEnvironment({
-    environments: environmentCandidates,
-    fogs: fog === void 0 ? [] : [fog],
-    suns: sun,
-    lane: "direct"
-  });
-  if (!environmentSelection.ok) {
-    routeWorldError(world, environmentSelection.error, {
-      systemName: "RenderSystem.extract (environment-selection)"
-    });
-    throw environmentSelection.error;
-  }
-  const environment = environmentSelection.value;
-  const frustumPlanes = [];
-  const cullingCameras = cullMode === "external" ? context.cullCameras ?? [] : cameras;
-  if (cullMode !== "none") {
-    for (const cam of cullingCameras) {
-      if (cam.projection === "perspective" && (cam.fov <= 0 || cam.aspect <= 0)) {
-        frustumPlanes.push(new Float32Array(0));
-        continue;
-      }
-      if (cam.near >= cam.far) {
-        frustumPlanes.push(new Float32Array(0));
-        continue;
-      }
-      const proj = mat4.create();
-      if (cam.projection === "orthographic") {
-        mat4.orthographic(
-          proj,
-          cam.orthoLeft,
-          cam.orthoRight,
-          cam.orthoBottom,
-          cam.orthoTop,
-          cam.near,
-          cam.far
-        );
+      const handleRaw = materialHandles[0] ?? 0;
+      const cachedMaterial = handleRaw !== 0 && !hasSpriteRegionOverride && !hasSkin ? materialSnapshotCache.get(handleRaw) : void 0;
+      let materialSnap;
+      if (cachedMaterial !== void 0) {
+        materialSnap = cachedMaterial.snapshot;
+        if (isRenderable) {
+          appendMaterialDispatchEntries(
+            pendingDispatch,
+            cachedMaterial.passes,
+            entity,
+            handleRaw,
+            renderables.length,
+            layerVal,
+            materialSnap.paramSnapshot
+          );
+        }
+      } else if (handleRaw === 0 || assets === void 0 || assets === null) {
+        materialSnap = defaultMaterialSnapshot(handleRaw);
       } else {
-        mat4.perspective(proj, cam.fov, cam.aspect, cam.near, cam.far);
-      }
-      const view = mat4.create();
-      mat4.invert(view, cam.world);
-      const vp = mat4.create();
-      mat4.multiply(vp, proj, view);
-      const f = frustum.create();
-      frustum.fromViewProjection(f, vp);
-      frustumPlanes.push(f);
-    }
-  }
-  const renderables = [];
-  let frustumCulled = 0;
-  let frustumTotal = 0;
-  const explicitlyHidden = /* @__PURE__ */ new Set();
-  let dispatch = [];
-  const materialSnapshotCache = /* @__PURE__ */ new Map();
-  const meshRendererQuery = context.renderables === "none" ? [] : world.query({
-    read: [MeshRenderer],
-    optional: [
-      Transform,
-      GlobalTransform,
-      MeshFilter,
-      Instances,
-      Skin,
-      Layer,
-      MorphWeights,
-      SpriteRegionOverride,
-      SpriteInstances,
-      Points,
-      Lines,
-      SortKey
-    ]
-  }).unwrap();
-  const resolveArchVersion = (entity) => {
-    const values = [
-      worldInternal._getArrayView(entity, Instances, "transforms"),
-      worldInternal._getArrayView(entity, SpriteInstances, "transforms"),
-      worldInternal._getArrayView(entity, SpriteInstances, "regions")
-    ];
-    let hash = 2166136261;
-    for (const value of values) {
-      hash = Math.imul(hash ^ (value?.length ?? 0), 16777619) >>> 0;
-      if (value === void 0) continue;
-      for (let index = 0; index < value.length; index += 1) {
-        hash = Math.imul(hash ^ Math.fround(value[index] ?? 0), 16777619) >>> 0;
-      }
-    }
-    return hash;
-  };
-  const flushPendingDispatch = (pending) => {
-    for (const entry of pending) dispatch.push(entry);
-  };
-  for (const row of meshRendererQuery) {
-    const hasTransform = row.has(Transform);
-    const meshFilter = row.get(MeshFilter);
-    const hasInstances = row.has(Instances);
-    const skin = row.get(Skin);
-    const morphWeightsView = worldInternal._getArrayView(row.entity, MorphWeights, "weights");
-    const hasMeshFilter = meshFilter !== void 0;
-    const hasSkin = skin !== void 0;
-    const hasSpriteInstances = row.has(SpriteInstances);
-    const points = row.get(Points);
-    const lines = row.get(Lines);
-    const sortKey = row.get(SortKey)?.value;
-    const pointsLinesComponent = points !== void 0 ? "Points" : lines !== void 0 ? "Lines" : void 0;
-    const isRenderable = hasTransform && hasMeshFilter;
-    const fAssetHandle = meshFilter?.assetHandle;
-    const fLayerValue = row.get(Layer)?.value;
-    const hasSpriteRegionOverride = row.has(SpriteRegionOverride);
-    const skinSkeletonView = skin?.skeleton;
-    let archVersion = 0;
-    if (hasInstances || hasSpriteInstances) {
-      archVersion = resolveArchVersion(row.entity);
-    }
-    {
-      const entity = row.entity;
-      if (isRenderable && visibility?.effective(entity) === "hidden") {
-        explicitlyHidden.add(entity);
-        continue;
-      }
-      const layerVal = fLayerValue ?? 0;
-      const pendingDispatch = [];
-      const materialsView = worldInternal._getArrayView(entity, MeshRenderer, "materials");
-      const materialCount = materialsView?.length ?? 0;
-      let materialHandles = Array.from(materialsView ?? []);
-      let materialBindingSources = materialHandles.map(
-        () => "renderer-override"
-      );
-      let materialBindingDiagnostics = [];
-      let gpuDrivenSubmeshes = [];
-      let gpuDrivenIndexed = false;
-      let gpuDrivenGeometry;
-      const fAssetHandleVal = fAssetHandle;
-      if (fAssetHandleVal !== void 0 && fAssetHandleVal !== 0 && assets !== void 0 && assets !== null) {
-        const meshHandle = toShared(fAssetHandleVal);
-        const meshRes = resolveAssetHandle(world, meshHandle);
-        if (meshRes.ok && meshRes.value.kind === "mesh") {
-          const meshAsset = meshRes.value;
-          const guid = meshRes.value.guid ?? "<no-guid>";
-          gpuDrivenSubmeshes = meshAsset.submeshes;
-          gpuDrivenIndexed = meshAsset.indices !== void 0;
-          const layoutProjection = deriveVertexLayoutProjection(meshAsset.attributes);
-          gpuDrivenGeometry = {
-            identity: `${guid}:${layoutProjection.digest}`,
-            vertexInputs: layoutProjection.attributes.map((attribute) => ({
-              semantic: attribute.key,
-              location: attribute.shaderLocation,
-              format: attribute.format
-            })),
-            topology: meshAsset.submeshes[0]?.topology ?? "triangle-list",
-            indexed: gpuDrivenIndexed
-          };
-          if (!Array.isArray(meshAsset.materialSlots) && world.get(entity, GlyphText).ok) {
-            ensureGlyphMeshMaterialSlots(world, meshHandle);
-          }
-          const resolvedBindings = resolveMeshMaterialBindings(meshAsset, materialsView ?? [], {
-            isValidOverride(handle) {
-              const resolved = resolveAssetHandle(world, toShared(handle));
-              return resolved.ok && resolved.value.kind === "material";
-            },
-            resolveMeshDefault(defaultGuid) {
-              const guidText = AssetGuid.format(defaultGuid);
-              if (assets.lookup(guidText)?.kind !== "material") return void 0;
-              return internSharedRefFromGuid(world, assets, guidText, "MaterialAsset");
-            }
-          });
-          if (!resolvedBindings.ok) {
-            if (resolvedBindings.code === "mesh-material-slots-missing") {
-              worldInternal._routeError(
-                new AssetError({
-                  code: "load-failed",
-                  expected: "every MeshAsset producer supplies materialSlots[]",
-                  hint: `fix the MeshAsset producer; renderer inheritance never guesses slot topology (mesh=${guid}, entity=${entity}, vertices=${meshAsset.vertices.length}, indices=${meshAsset.indices?.length ?? 0})`,
-                  detail: {
-                    referencedByGuid: guid,
-                    referencedByKind: "mesh",
-                    subAssetGuid: "<material-slots-missing>",
-                    sourceField: { fieldName: "materialSlots" }
-                  }
-                }),
-                {
-                  severity: Severity.Error,
-                  systemName: "RenderSystem.extract (mesh-material-slots-missing)"
-                }
-              );
-              continue;
-            }
-            const materialGuid = AssetGuid.format(resolvedBindings.defaultMaterial);
-            worldInternal._routeError(
-              new AssetError({
-                code: "load-failed",
-                expected: `MeshAsset materialSlots[${resolvedBindings.slotIndex}] default ${materialGuid} is ready and a MaterialAsset`,
-                hint: `loadByGuid(meshGuid) must recursively load the declared default material; mesh=${guid}, slot=${resolvedBindings.slotIndex}, material=${materialGuid}`,
-                detail: {
-                  referencedByGuid: guid,
-                  referencedByKind: "mesh",
-                  subAssetGuid: materialGuid,
-                  sourceField: {
-                    fieldName: "materialSlots",
-                    arrayIndex: resolvedBindings.slotIndex
-                  }
-                }
-              }),
-              {
-                severity: Severity.Error,
-                systemName: "RenderSystem.extract (mesh-default-not-ready)"
-              }
-            );
-            continue;
-          }
-          materialHandles = resolvedBindings.bindings.map((binding) => binding.handle);
-          materialBindingSources = resolvedBindings.bindings.map((binding) => binding.source);
-          materialBindingDiagnostics = resolvedBindings.diagnostics.map((diagnostic) => ({
-            ...diagnostic,
-            detail: diagnostic.code === "mesh-renderer-material-override-overflow" ? {
-              expectedCount: meshAsset.materialSlots.length,
-              actualCount: materialCount,
-              meshAssetGuid: guid
-            } : {
-              meshAssetGuid: guid,
-              slotIndex: diagnostic.slotIndex,
-              handle: diagnostic.handle ?? 0
-            }
-          }));
-          for (const diagnostic of resolvedBindings.diagnostics) {
-            worldInternal._routeError(
-              new AssetError({
-                code: diagnostic.code,
-                expected: diagnostic.code === "mesh-renderer-material-override-overflow" ? `materials.length <= materialSlots.length (${meshAsset.materialSlots.length})` : `materials[${diagnostic.slotIndex}] resolves to a live MaterialAsset`,
-                hint: ASSET_ERROR_HINTS[diagnostic.code],
-                detail: diagnostic.code === "mesh-renderer-material-override-overflow" ? {
-                  expectedCount: meshAsset.materialSlots.length,
-                  actualCount: materialCount,
-                  meshAssetGuid: guid
-                } : {
-                  meshAssetGuid: guid,
-                  slotIndex: diagnostic.slotIndex,
-                  handle: diagnostic.handle ?? 0
-                }
-              }),
-              {
-                severity: Severity.Warning,
-                systemName: `RenderSystem.extract (${diagnostic.code})`
-              }
-            );
-          }
-        }
-      }
-      if (materialHandles.length === 0) {
-        materialHandles = [0];
-        materialBindingSources = ["engine-default"];
-      }
-      const handleRaw = materialHandles[0] ?? 0;
-      const cachedMaterial = handleRaw !== 0 && !hasSpriteRegionOverride && !hasSkin ? materialSnapshotCache.get(handleRaw) : void 0;
-      let materialSnap;
-      if (cachedMaterial !== void 0) {
-        materialSnap = cachedMaterial.snapshot;
-        if (isRenderable) {
-          appendMaterialDispatchEntries(
-            pendingDispatch,
-            cachedMaterial.passes,
-            entity,
-            handleRaw,
-            renderables.length,
-            layerVal,
-            materialSnap.paramSnapshot
-          );
-        }
-      } else if (handleRaw === 0 || assets === void 0 || assets === null) {
-        materialSnap = defaultMaterialSnapshot(handleRaw);
-      } else {
-        const tagged = toShared(handleRaw);
-        const stablePersistentCached = !hasSpriteRegionOverride && !hasSkin ? readStablePersistentMaterialSnapshot(
-          persistentMaterialSnapshotCache,
-          handleRaw,
-          assets
-        ) : void 0;
-        if (stablePersistentCached !== void 0) {
-          materialSnapshotCache.set(handleRaw, stablePersistentCached);
-          materialSnap = stablePersistentCached.snapshot;
-          if (isRenderable) {
-            appendMaterialDispatchEntries(
-              pendingDispatch,
-              stablePersistentCached.passes,
-              entity,
-              handleRaw,
-              renderables.length,
-              layerVal,
-              materialSnap.paramSnapshot
-            );
+        const tagged = toShared(handleRaw);
+        const stablePersistentCached = !hasSpriteRegionOverride && !hasSkin ? readStablePersistentMaterialSnapshot(
+          persistentMaterialSnapshotCache,
+          handleRaw,
+          assets
+        ) : void 0;
+        if (stablePersistentCached !== void 0) {
+          materialSnapshotCache.set(handleRaw, stablePersistentCached);
+          materialSnap = stablePersistentCached.snapshot;
+          if (isRenderable) {
+            appendMaterialDispatchEntries(
+              pendingDispatch,
+              stablePersistentCached.passes,
+              entity,
+              handleRaw,
+              renderables.length,
+              layerVal,
+              materialSnap.paramSnapshot
+            );
           }
         } else {
           const res = resolveAssetHandle(world, tagged);
@@ -3901,9 +2839,7 @@ function extractFrame(world, context) {
             );
             const metallicPv = typeof pv.metallic === "number" ? pv.metallic : 0;
             const roughnessPv = typeof pv.roughness === "number" ? pv.roughness : 0.5;
-            const clearcoatPv = typeof pv.clearcoat === "number" ? pv.clearcoat : 0;
-            const clearcoatRoughnessPv = typeof pv.clearcoatRoughness === "number" ? pv.clearcoatRoughness : 0.5;
-            const specularTintPv = pv.specularTint;
+            const specularColorPv = pv.specularColor;
             const normalScalePv = materialNormalScale(pv);
             const paramSnap = {};
             for (const [k, v] of Object.entries(pv)) {
@@ -3919,7 +2855,7 @@ function extractFrame(world, context) {
             );
             {
               const hasSkinSkel = hasSkin && skinSkeletonView !== void 0 && skinSkeletonView !== void 0 && skinSkeletonView !== 0;
-              const isPbrSkinMaterial = firstPassShader === "forgeax::pbr-skin";
+              const isPbrSkinMaterial = isStandardPbrSkinMaterialShader(firstPassShader);
               if (hasSkinSkel && !isPbrSkinMaterial) {
                 worldInternal._routeError(new SkinMaterialMismatchError(entity, firstPassShader), {
                   severity: Severity.Error,
@@ -4068,13 +3004,11 @@ function extractFrame(world, context) {
               baseColor,
               metallic: metallicPv,
               roughness: roughnessPv,
-              clearcoat: clearcoatPv,
-              clearcoatRoughness: clearcoatRoughnessPv,
-              ...specularTintPv !== void 0 && {
-                specularTint: [
-                  specularTintPv[0] ?? 1,
-                  specularTintPv[1] ?? 1,
-                  specularTintPv[2] ?? 1
+              ...specularColorPv !== void 0 && {
+                specularColor: [
+                  specularColorPv[0] ?? 1,
+                  specularColorPv[1] ?? 1,
+                  specularColorPv[2] ?? 1
                 ]
               },
               normalScale: normalScalePv,
@@ -4486,60 +3420,1123 @@ function extractFrame(world, context) {
       }
     }
   }
-  dispatch = sortDispatchByQueue(dispatch);
-  const postProcessParams = /* @__PURE__ */ new Map();
-  const postProcessParamsQuery = world.query({ with: [PostProcessParams] }).unwrap();
-  for (const row of postProcessParamsQuery) {
+  dispatch = sortDispatchByQueue(dispatch);
+  const postProcessParams = /* @__PURE__ */ new Map();
+  const postProcessParamsQuery = world.query({ with: [PostProcessParams] }).unwrap();
+  for (const row of postProcessParamsQuery) {
+    const entity = row.entity;
+    const read = world.get(entity, PostProcessParams);
+    if (!read.ok) continue;
+    postProcessParams.set(read.value.shader, read.value.data);
+  }
+  const tonemapCamera = cameras[0];
+  if (tonemapCamera !== void 0) {
+    postProcessParams.set(STANDARD_OUTPUT_TRANSFORM_FEATURE_ID, tonemapParams(tonemapCamera));
+  }
+  return {
+    cameras,
+    auxiliaryCameras,
+    cubeCameras,
+    reflectionProbes,
+    lights,
+    environment,
+    environmentReady: true,
+    ...volumetricFog === void 0 ? {} : { volumetricFog },
+    renderables,
+    dispatch,
+    skylight,
+    skylightCount,
+    lightProbes,
+    skybox,
+    skyboxCount,
+    fog,
+    ...fogFailure === void 0 ? {} : { fogFailure },
+    frustumStats: { culled: frustumCulled, total: frustumTotal },
+    visibilityStats: { explicitlyHidden: explicitlyHidden.size },
+    postProcessParams,
+    visibilitySnapshots: [context.visibility],
+    featureVisibilitySnapshots: [{ world, snapshot: context.visibility }],
+    hiddenEntityReports: [...explicitlyHidden].map((entity) => ({ world, entity }))
+  };
+}
+function defaultMaterialSnapshot(materialHandle = 0) {
+  return {
+    baseColor: vec3.create(0.5, 0.5, 0.5),
+    metallic: 0,
+    roughness: 1,
+    materialHandle
+  };
+}
+function identityProjection() {
+  const projection = new Float32Array(16);
+  projection[0] = 1;
+  projection[5] = 1;
+  projection[10] = 1;
+  projection[15] = 1;
+  return projection;
+}
+
+// src/render-system-extract.ts
+function buildRectAreaWorldFrame(input) {
+  const center = vec3.create(input.center[0] ?? 0, input.center[1] ?? 0, input.center[2] ?? 0);
+  const axisX = vec3.normalize(
+    vec3.create(),
+    vec3.create(input.axisX[0] ?? 0, input.axisX[1] ?? 0, input.axisX[2] ?? 0)
+  );
+  const axisY = vec3.normalize(
+    vec3.create(),
+    vec3.create(input.axisY[0] ?? 0, input.axisY[1] ?? 0, input.axisY[2] ?? 0)
+  );
+  const normal = vec3.normalize(vec3.create(), vec3.cross(vec3.create(), axisX, axisY));
+  normal[0] = normal[0] === 0 ? 0 : normal[0] ?? 0;
+  normal[1] = normal[1] === 0 ? 0 : normal[1] ?? 0;
+  normal[2] = normal[2] === 0 ? 0 : normal[2] ?? 0;
+  return {
+    center,
+    axisX,
+    axisY,
+    normal,
+    halfWidth: Math.max(0, input.width * 0.5),
+    halfHeight: Math.max(0, input.height * 0.5)
+  };
+}
+function rectAreaFacesPoint(frame, point) {
+  const toPoint = vec3.create(
+    (point[0] ?? 0) - (frame.center[0] ?? 0),
+    (point[1] ?? 0) - (frame.center[1] ?? 0),
+    (point[2] ?? 0) - (frame.center[2] ?? 0)
+  );
+  return vec3.dot(frame.normal, toPoint) > 0;
+}
+function sortDispatchByQueue(entries) {
+  return entries.slice().sort((a, b) => a.queue - b.queue);
+}
+var DEFAULT_FORWARD_PASS = {
+  name: "forward",
+  program: { module: "forgeax::default-unlit", vertexEntry: "vs_main", fragmentEntry: "fs_main" },
+  renderState: { tags: { LightMode: "Forward" }, queue: 2e3 }
+};
+function appendMaterialDispatchEntries(pendingDispatch, passes, entity, materialHandle, renderableIndex, layer, paramSnapshot, passIndexOffset = 0) {
+  const matchedPasses = selectPasses(passes, {});
+  for (let pIdx = 0; pIdx < matchedPasses.length; pIdx++) {
+    const pass = matchedPasses[pIdx];
+    if (pass === void 0) continue;
+    const passState = pass.renderState ?? {};
+    pendingDispatch.push({
+      entityIndex: entity,
+      materialHandle,
+      renderableIndex,
+      passIndex: passIndexOffset + pIdx,
+      queue: passState.queue ?? 2e3,
+      layer,
+      tags: passState.tags ?? {},
+      renderState: pipelineRenderState(passState),
+      // Material module identity is already closed in the cooked program.
+      // It must never become a draw-time define map.
+      defines: void 0,
+      vertexEntry: pass.program.vertexEntry,
+      fragmentEntry: pass.program.fragmentEntry,
+      materialShaderId: runtimeMaterialShaderId(pass.program.module, pass.name),
+      paramSnapshot,
+      ...passState.stencilReference !== void 0 && {
+        stencilReference: passState.stencilReference
+      }
+    });
+  }
+}
+function selectCameraTargetViews(candidates, options) {
+  const display = candidates.find(
+    (candidate) => candidate.entityKey === options.displayEntityKey && candidate.target === void 0
+  );
+  const rejected = [];
+  const ordered = candidates.filter((candidate) => candidate.target !== void 0).sort((left, right) => left.worldId - right.worldId || left.entityKey - right.entityKey);
+  const auxiliary = [];
+  const seenTargets = /* @__PURE__ */ new Set();
+  for (const candidate of ordered) {
+    const duplicate = candidate.target !== void 0 && seenTargets.has(candidate.target);
+    if (candidate.target !== void 0) seenTargets.add(candidate.target);
+    if (candidate.entityKey === options.displayEntityKey) {
+      rejected.push({ entityKey: candidate.entityKey, reason: "display-target" });
+      continue;
+    }
+    if (candidate.target === void 0 || duplicate) {
+      rejected.push({ entityKey: candidate.entityKey, reason: "duplicate-target" });
+      continue;
+    }
+    if (auxiliary.length >= Math.max(0, options.budget)) {
+      rejected.push({ entityKey: candidate.entityKey, reason: "budget" });
+      continue;
+    }
+    auxiliary.push(candidate);
+  }
+  return {
+    display,
+    auxiliary: Object.freeze(auxiliary),
+    rejected: Object.freeze(rejected)
+  };
+}
+var Severity = Object.freeze({ Error: "error", Warning: "warning" });
+function createWorldInternalView(world) {
+  return {
+    _routeError(error, ctx) {
+      routeWorldError(world, error, { systemName: ctx.systemName });
+    },
+    _getArrayView(entity, component, fieldName) {
+      return readRenderArrayView(world, entity, component, fieldName);
+    }
+  };
+}
+function resolveCameraTarget(world, raw) {
+  if (raw === void 0 || raw <= 0) return void 0;
+  const resolved = world.sharedRefs.resolve(
+    toShared(Math.round(raw))
+  );
+  return resolved.ok ? resolved.value : void 0;
+}
+var BUILTIN_USER_REGION_TEXTURE_FIELDS = [
+  "baseColorTexture",
+  "metallicRoughnessTexture",
+  "normalTexture",
+  "specularColorTexture",
+  "emissiveTexture",
+  "occlusionTexture",
+  "transmissionTexture",
+  "thicknessTexture"
+];
+var BUILTIN_USER_REGION_TEXTURE_FIELD_SET = new Set(BUILTIN_USER_REGION_TEXTURE_FIELDS);
+var BUILTIN_BASE_COLOR_TEXTURE_FIELD_SET = /* @__PURE__ */ new Set(["baseColorTexture"]);
+function materialTextureFields(shaderId, fields) {
+  if (fields !== void 0 && fields.size > 0) return fields;
+  if (shaderId === "forgeax::default-standard-pbr" || shaderId === "forgeax::default-standard-pbr-skin" || shaderId === "forgeax::pbr-skin") {
+    return BUILTIN_USER_REGION_TEXTURE_FIELD_SET;
+  }
+  if (shaderId === "forgeax::default-unlit" || shaderId === "forgeax::sprite" || shaderId === "forgeax::sprite-lit") {
+    return BUILTIN_BASE_COLOR_TEXTURE_FIELD_SET;
+  }
+  return fields;
+}
+function runtimeMaterialShaderId(module, passName) {
+  if (passName === "shadow-caster" && (module === "forgeax_material::standard" || module === "forgeax_material::unlit" || module === "forgeax::default-standard-pbr" || module === "forgeax::default-unlit")) {
+    return "forgeax::default-shadow-caster";
+  }
+  switch (module) {
+    case "forgeax_material::standard":
+      return "forgeax::default-standard-pbr";
+    case "forgeax_material::unlit":
+      return "forgeax::default-unlit";
+    case "forgeax_material::sprite":
+      return "forgeax::sprite";
+    case "forgeax_material::sprite-lit":
+      return "forgeax::sprite-lit";
+    default:
+      return module;
+  }
+}
+function pipelineRenderState(renderState) {
+  if (renderState === void 0) return void 0;
+  const {
+    cullMode,
+    depthCompare,
+    depthWriteEnabled,
+    blend,
+    alphaToCoverageEnabled,
+    stencil,
+    stencilReadMask,
+    stencilWriteMask,
+    frontFace
+  } = renderState;
+  if (cullMode === void 0 && depthCompare === void 0 && depthWriteEnabled === void 0 && blend === void 0 && alphaToCoverageEnabled === void 0 && stencil === void 0 && stencilReadMask === void 0 && stencilWriteMask === void 0 && frontFace === void 0) {
+    return void 0;
+  }
+  return {
+    ...cullMode !== void 0 && { cullMode },
+    ...depthCompare !== void 0 && { depthCompare },
+    ...depthWriteEnabled !== void 0 && { depthWriteEnabled },
+    ...blend !== void 0 && { blend },
+    ...alphaToCoverageEnabled !== void 0 && { alphaToCoverageEnabled },
+    ...stencil !== void 0 && { stencil },
+    ...stencilReadMask !== void 0 && { stencilReadMask },
+    ...stencilWriteMask !== void 0 && { stencilWriteMask },
+    ...frontFace !== void 0 && { frontFace }
+  };
+}
+var guidHandleInternByWorld = /* @__PURE__ */ new WeakMap();
+function internSharedRefFromGuid(world, assetsRef, guid, brand) {
+  let perWorld = guidHandleInternByWorld.get(world);
+  if (perWorld === void 0) {
+    perWorld = /* @__PURE__ */ new Map();
+    guidHandleInternByWorld.set(world, perWorld);
+  }
+  const key = `${guid.toLowerCase()}\0${brand}`;
+  const cached = perWorld.get(key);
+  const payload = assetsRef.lookup(guid);
+  if (cached !== void 0 && cached.payload === payload) {
+    const cachedHandle = toShared(cached.handle);
+    if (world.sharedRefs.resolve(cachedHandle).ok) return cachedHandle;
+  }
+  if (cached !== void 0) {
+    world.sharedRefs.release(toShared(cached.handle));
+    perWorld.delete(key);
+  }
+  if (payload === void 0) return void 0;
+  const handle = world.internSharedRef(brand, payload);
+  perWorld.set(key, { handle, payload });
+  return handle;
+}
+function resolveVideoFieldHandle(value, world, assetsRef) {
+  const texture = materialTextureValue(value);
+  const textureGuid = assetReferenceText(texture?.texture ?? value);
+  if (textureGuid === void 0) return void 0;
+  const payload = assetsRef.lookup(textureGuid);
+  if (payload === void 0 || payload.kind !== "video") return void 0;
+  return internSharedRefFromGuid(world, assetsRef, textureGuid, "VideoAsset");
+}
+function materialTextureValue(value) {
+  if (typeof value !== "object" || value === null || Array.isArray(value)) return void 0;
+  const textureValue = value;
+  return typeof textureValue.texture === "number" || typeof textureValue.texture === "string" || textureValue.texture instanceof Uint8Array ? textureValue : void 0;
+}
+function assetReferenceText(value) {
+  if (typeof value === "string") return value;
+  if (value instanceof Uint8Array && isAssetGuidBytes(value)) return AssetGuid.format(value);
+  return void 0;
+}
+function isAssetGuidBytes(value) {
+  return value.byteLength === 16;
+}
+function materialNormalScale(values) {
+  for (const [field, value] of Object.entries(values)) {
+    if (field !== "normalTexture") continue;
+    const scale = materialTextureValue(value)?.normalScale;
+    return typeof scale === "number" && Number.isFinite(scale) ? scale : 1;
+  }
+  return 1;
+}
+function materialTextureRef(value) {
+  return materialTextureValue(value)?.texture ?? value;
+}
+function collectMaterialTextureCoordinates(values) {
+  const out = /* @__PURE__ */ new Map();
+  for (const [field, value] of Object.entries(values)) {
+    if (!field.endsWith("Texture")) continue;
+    const coordinates = materialTextureValue(value)?.coordinates;
+    if (coordinates !== void 0) out.set(field, coordinates);
+  }
+  return out;
+}
+function collectMaterialTextureSources(values, world) {
+  const out = /* @__PURE__ */ new Map();
+  for (const [field, value] of Object.entries(values)) {
+    const reference = materialTextureRef(value);
+    if (typeof reference !== "number") continue;
+    const resolved = world.sharedRefs.resolve(toShared(reference));
+    if (!resolved.ok || resolveRenderTargetMaterialSource(resolved.value) === void 0) continue;
+    out.set(field, resolved.value);
+  }
+  return out;
+}
+function collectMaterialTextureSamplers(values, resolveSampler) {
+  const out = /* @__PURE__ */ new Map();
+  for (const [field, value] of Object.entries(values)) {
+    const sampler = resolveSampler(materialTextureValue(value)?.sampler);
+    if (sampler !== void 0) out.set(field, sampler);
+  }
+  const legacySampler = resolveSampler(values.sampler);
+  if (legacySampler !== void 0 && !out.has("baseColorTexture")) {
+    out.set("baseColorTexture", legacySampler);
+  }
+  return out;
+}
+function collectUserRegionTextureHandles(pv, shaderId, paramSchema, assetsRef, world, resolveTex, videoOut) {
+  const fields = materialTextureFields(
+    shaderId,
+    paramSchema !== void 0 ? derive(paramSchema).textureFieldNames : shaderId !== void 0 ? assetsRef.materialShaderTextureFieldNames(shaderId) : void 0
+  ) ?? BUILTIN_USER_REGION_TEXTURE_FIELDS;
+  const out = /* @__PURE__ */ new Map();
+  for (const field of fields) {
+    const videoHandle = resolveVideoFieldHandle(pv[field], world, assetsRef);
+    if (videoHandle !== void 0) {
+      videoOut.set(field, videoHandle);
+      continue;
+    }
+    const handle = resolveTex(materialTextureRef(pv[field]), "TextureAsset");
+    if (handle !== void 0) out.set(field, handle);
+  }
+  return out;
+}
+var ENGINE_INJECTED_TEXTURE_FIELDS = /* @__PURE__ */ new Set(["emissiveTexture", "occlusionTexture"]);
+function isEngineInjectedTextureField(shaderId, fieldName) {
+  return isStandardPbrMaterialShader(shaderId) && ENGINE_INJECTED_TEXTURE_FIELDS.has(fieldName);
+}
+function materialParametersToParamSchema(parameters, shaderId) {
+  if (isCanonicalStandardPbrMaterialShader(shaderId)) {
+    return STANDARD_PIPELINE_PARAM_SCHEMA;
+  }
+  const engineInjectedTextureFields = isStandardPbrMaterialShader(shaderId) ? ENGINE_INJECTED_TEXTURE_FIELDS : void 0;
+  return parameters.flatMap((parameter) => {
+    if (parameter.type === "bool") return [];
+    if (parameter.type === "texture" || parameter.type === "texture_cube") {
+      if (engineInjectedTextureFields?.has(parameter.name) === true) return [];
+      return [
+        {
+          name: parameter.name,
+          type: parameter.type === "texture_cube" ? "texture_cube" : "texture2d",
+          default: parameter.default
+        }
+      ];
+    }
+    const numericDefault = typeof parameter.default === "number" ? parameter.default : Array.isArray(parameter.default) && parameter.default.every((entry) => typeof entry === "number") ? parameter.default : void 0;
+    const numericEntry = {
+      name: parameter.name,
+      type: parameter.type,
+      ...parameter.colorSpace === void 0 ? {} : { colorSpace: parameter.colorSpace }
+    };
+    return numericDefault === void 0 ? [numericEntry] : [{ ...numericEntry, default: numericDefault }];
+  });
+}
+function materialColorParameterSchema(parameters, shaderId, assets) {
+  if (shaderId === void 0) return parameters;
+  const shader = assets.shaderRegistry.findMaterialArtifact(shaderId);
+  if (!shader.ok) return parameters;
+  const byName = new Map(
+    shader.value.paramSchema.map((parameter) => [parameter.name, parameter])
+  );
+  for (const parameter of parameters) byName.set(parameter.name, parameter);
+  return [...byName.values()];
+}
+var MATERIAL_PARENT_CHAIN_LIMIT = 128;
+function isDeepFrozen(value, seen = /* @__PURE__ */ new Set()) {
+  if (typeof value !== "object" || value === null) return true;
+  if (seen.has(value)) return true;
+  if (!Object.isFrozen(value)) return false;
+  seen.add(value);
+  for (const child of Object.values(value)) {
+    if (!isDeepFrozen(child, seen)) return false;
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+function captureMaterialCacheChain(root, assets) {
+  const chain = [];
+  const visitedParentGuids = /* @__PURE__ */ new Set();
+  let current = root;
+  for (let depth = 0; depth < MATERIAL_PARENT_CHAIN_LIMIT; depth += 1) {
+    const parentRef = current.parent;
+    const parentGuid = parentRef === void 0 ? void 0 : materialGuidText(parentRef);
+    chain.push({ asset: current, parentGuid });
+    if (parentGuid === void 0) return chain;
+    if (parentRef === void 0) return void 0;
+    if (visitedParentGuids.has(parentGuid)) return void 0;
+    visitedParentGuids.add(parentGuid);
+    const parent = assets.lookup(parentRef);
+    if (parent?.kind !== "material") return void 0;
+    current = parent;
+  }
+  return void 0;
+}
+function readPersistentMaterialSnapshot(cache, handleRaw, assets) {
+  const entry = cache?.get(handleRaw);
+  if (entry === void 0) return void 0;
+  if (entry.crossFrameSafe && entry.chain !== void 0 && entry.catalogEpoch === assets.catalogEpoch)
+    return entry;
+  cache?.delete(handleRaw);
+  return void 0;
+}
+function readStablePersistentMaterialSnapshot(cache, handleRaw, assets) {
+  const entry = cache?.get(handleRaw);
+  return entry?.crossFrameSafe === true && entry.chain !== void 0 && entry.catalogEpoch === assets.catalogEpoch ? entry : void 0;
+}
+function storeMaterialSnapshot(cache, handleRaw, snapshot, passes, root, assets) {
+  const chain = captureMaterialCacheChain(root, assets);
+  const entry = {
+    snapshot,
+    passes,
+    crossFrameSafe: chain?.every(({ asset }) => isDeepFrozen(asset)) === true,
+    ...chain === void 0 ? {} : { chain },
+    ...chain === void 0 ? {} : { catalogEpoch: assets.catalogEpoch }
+  };
+  cache.set(handleRaw, entry);
+  return entry;
+}
+function resolveMaterialSnapshot(handleRaw, world, assetsRef, materialSnapshotCache, persistentMaterialSnapshotCache) {
+  if (handleRaw === 0) return defaultMaterialSnapshot(handleRaw);
+  const cached = materialSnapshotCache?.get(handleRaw);
+  if (cached !== void 0) return cached.snapshot;
+  const stablePersistentCached = readStablePersistentMaterialSnapshot(
+    persistentMaterialSnapshotCache,
+    handleRaw,
+    assetsRef
+  );
+  if (stablePersistentCached !== void 0) {
+    materialSnapshotCache?.set(handleRaw, stablePersistentCached);
+    return stablePersistentCached.snapshot;
+  }
+  const tagged = toShared(handleRaw);
+  const res = resolveAssetHandle(world, tagged);
+  if (!res.ok) return defaultMaterialSnapshot(handleRaw);
+  const asset = res.value;
+  if (asset.kind !== "material") return defaultMaterialSnapshot(handleRaw);
+  const persistentCached = readPersistentMaterialSnapshot(
+    persistentMaterialSnapshotCache,
+    handleRaw,
+    assetsRef
+  );
+  if (persistentCached !== void 0) {
+    materialSnapshotCache?.set(handleRaw, persistentCached);
+    return persistentCached.snapshot;
+  }
+  const resolvedResult = walkMaterialPassesOverSharedRefs(world, tagged, assetsRef);
+  if (!resolvedResult.ok) return defaultMaterialSnapshot(handleRaw);
+  const resolved = resolvedResult.value;
+  const allPasses = resolved.passes;
+  const firstPassShader = allPasses.length > 0 ? runtimeMaterialShaderId(allPasses[0]?.program.module, allPasses[0]?.name) : void 0;
+  const pv = materialValuesToLinearRuntime(
+    resolved.values,
+    materialColorParameterSchema(resolved.parameters ?? [], firstPassShader, assetsRef),
+    resolved.colorSpace
+  );
+  const baseColorPv = pv.baseColor;
+  const baseColor = vec3.create(
+    baseColorPv?.[0] ?? 1,
+    baseColorPv?.[1] ?? 1,
+    baseColorPv?.[2] ?? 1
+  );
+  const metallicPv = typeof pv.metallic === "number" ? pv.metallic : 0;
+  const roughnessPv = typeof pv.roughness === "number" ? pv.roughness : 0.5;
+  const specularColorPv = pv.specularColor;
+  const normalScalePv = materialNormalScale(pv);
+  const paramSnap = {};
+  for (const [k, v] of Object.entries(pv)) {
+    if (typeof v === "number") paramSnap[k] = v;
+    else if (typeof v === "string") paramSnap[k] = v;
+    else if (Array.isArray(v) && v.every((x) => typeof x === "number")) {
+      paramSnap[k] = v;
+    }
+  }
+  const materialParamSchema = materialParametersToParamSchema(
+    resolved.parameters ?? [],
+    firstPassShader
+  );
+  const resolveTexLike = (value, brand) => {
+    if (typeof value === "number") return toShared(value);
+    if (typeof value === "string") {
+      return internSharedRefFromGuid(world, assetsRef, value, brand);
+    }
+    return void 0;
+  };
+  const videoTextureFields = /* @__PURE__ */ new Map();
+  const textureHandles = collectUserRegionTextureHandles(
+    pv,
+    firstPassShader,
+    materialParamSchema.length > 0 ? materialParamSchema : void 0,
+    assetsRef,
+    world,
+    resolveTexLike,
+    videoTextureFields
+  );
+  const samplerHandles = collectMaterialTextureSamplers(
+    pv,
+    (value) => resolveTexLike(materialTextureRef(value), "SamplerAsset")
+  );
+  const textureSources = collectMaterialTextureSources(pv, world);
+  const emissiveTextureHandle = resolveTexLike(
+    materialTextureRef(pv.emissiveTexture),
+    "TextureAsset"
+  );
+  const occlusionTextureHandle = resolveTexLike(
+    materialTextureRef(pv.occlusionTexture),
+    "TextureAsset"
+  );
+  const textureCoordinates = collectMaterialTextureCoordinates(pv);
+  const baseColorTextureHandle = textureHandles.get("baseColorTexture");
+  const metallicRoughnessTextureHandle = textureHandles.get("metallicRoughnessTexture");
+  const normalTextureHandle = textureHandles.get("normalTexture");
+  const emissivePv = pv.emissive;
+  const snapshot = {
+    baseColor,
+    metallic: metallicPv,
+    roughness: roughnessPv,
+    ...specularColorPv !== void 0 && {
+      specularColor: [
+        specularColorPv[0] ?? 1,
+        specularColorPv[1] ?? 1,
+        specularColorPv[2] ?? 1
+      ]
+    },
+    normalScale: normalScalePv,
+    materialShaderId: firstPassShader,
+    materialHandle: handleRaw,
+    renderState: pipelineRenderState(allPasses[0]?.renderState),
+    paramSnapshot: paramSnap,
+    ...materialParamSchema.length > 0 && { materialParamSchema },
+    ...textureCoordinates.size > 0 && { textureCoordinates },
+    ...textureHandles.size > 0 && { textureHandles },
+    ...textureSources.size > 0 && { textureSources },
+    ...videoTextureFields.size > 0 && { videoTextureFields },
+    ...samplerHandles.size > 0 && { samplerHandles },
+    ...baseColorTextureHandle !== void 0 && { baseColorTexture: baseColorTextureHandle },
+    ...metallicRoughnessTextureHandle !== void 0 && {
+      metallicRoughnessTexture: metallicRoughnessTextureHandle
+    },
+    ...normalTextureHandle !== void 0 && { normalTexture: normalTextureHandle },
+    ...emissivePv !== void 0 && {
+      emissive: [emissivePv[0] ?? 0, emissivePv[1] ?? 0, emissivePv[2] ?? 0]
+    },
+    ...typeof pv.emissiveIntensity === "number" && { emissiveIntensity: pv.emissiveIntensity },
+    ...emissiveTextureHandle !== void 0 && { emissiveTexture: emissiveTextureHandle },
+    ...occlusionTextureHandle !== void 0 && { occlusionTexture: occlusionTextureHandle },
+    ...typeof pv.occlusionStrength === "number" && { occlusionStrength: pv.occlusionStrength },
+    // feat-city-glb Bug 5 (per-submesh transparency): derive `transparent`
+    // from the first pass's `renderState.blend` presence, identical to the
+    // entity-level snapshot builder (extractFrame archetype loop). Without
+    // this, per-submesh materials (materials[i>=1], e.g. a glTF BLEND decal
+    // submesh on a multi-material mesh) never carry the transparent flag, so
+    // the record stage's LDR split + blend routing treats them as opaque and
+    // their alpha=0 texels composite as black.
+    transparent: allPasses[0]?.renderState?.blend !== void 0
+  };
+  const stored = materialSnapshotCache !== void 0 ? storeMaterialSnapshot(
+    materialSnapshotCache,
+    handleRaw,
+    snapshot,
+    allPasses,
+    asset,
+    assetsRef
+  ) : void 0;
+  const cacheEntry = stored ?? (persistentMaterialSnapshotCache !== void 0 ? storeMaterialSnapshot(
+    persistentMaterialSnapshotCache,
+    handleRaw,
+    snapshot,
+    allPasses,
+    asset,
+    assetsRef
+  ) : void 0);
+  if (cacheEntry?.crossFrameSafe === true) {
+    persistentMaterialSnapshotCache?.set(handleRaw, cacheEntry);
+  }
+  return snapshot;
+}
+function computeFrustumCorners(vp, camNear, camFar, nearZ, farZ, projection) {
+  const invVP = mat4.create();
+  mat4.invert(invVP, vp);
+  const corners = [];
+  const span = camFar - camNear;
+  const ndcNear = projection === "orthographic" ? (nearZ - camNear) / span : camFar * (nearZ - camNear) / (nearZ * span);
+  const ndcFar = projection === "orthographic" ? (farZ - camNear) / span : camFar * (farZ - camNear) / (farZ * span);
+  const signs = [-1, 1];
+  for (const sx of signs) {
+    for (const sy of signs) {
+      corners.push(unprojectNDC(invVP, sx, sy, ndcNear));
+    }
+  }
+  for (const sx of signs) {
+    for (const sy of signs) {
+      corners.push(unprojectNDC(invVP, sx, sy, ndcFar));
+    }
+  }
+  return corners;
+}
+function unprojectNDC(invVP, ndcX, ndcY, ndcZ) {
+  const ndc = vec3.create(ndcX, ndcY, ndcZ);
+  const ws = vec3.create();
+  mat4.unproject(ws, ndc, invVP);
+  return ws;
+}
+function pssmSplit(nearPlane, farPlane, cascadeCount, splitLambda) {
+  const EPS = 1e-6;
+  if (farPlane <= nearPlane + EPS) {
+    throw new ShadowInvalidConfigError("shadowDistance", farPlane, nearPlane + EPS);
+  }
+  const result = new Float32Array(cascadeCount);
+  const m = cascadeCount;
+  const n = nearPlane;
+  const f = farPlane;
+  const ratio = f / n;
+  for (let i = 1; i <= m; i++) {
+    const t = i / m;
+    const logPart = n * ratio ** t;
+    const uniformPart = n + t * (f - n);
+    result[i - 1] = splitLambda * logPart + (1 - splitLambda) * uniformPart;
+  }
+  return result;
+}
+var POINT_SHADOW_FACE_LOOK = [
+  vec3.create(1, 0, 0),
+  vec3.create(-1, 0, 0),
+  vec3.create(0, 1, 0),
+  vec3.create(0, -1, 0),
+  vec3.create(0, 0, 1),
+  vec3.create(0, 0, -1)
+];
+var POINT_SHADOW_FACE_UP = [
+  vec3.create(0, -1, 0),
+  vec3.create(0, -1, 0),
+  vec3.create(0, 0, 1),
+  vec3.create(0, 0, -1),
+  vec3.create(0, -1, 0),
+  vec3.create(0, -1, 0)
+];
+function buildPointShadowMatrices(lightPos, near, far) {
+  const fovY = Math.PI / 2;
+  const aspect = 1;
+  const proj = mat4.create();
+  mat4.perspective(proj, fovY, aspect, near, far);
+  const out = [];
+  for (let i = 0; i < 6; i++) {
+    const look = POINT_SHADOW_FACE_LOOK[i];
+    const up = POINT_SHADOW_FACE_UP[i];
+    const target = vec3.create(
+      (lightPos[0] ?? 0) + (look[0] ?? 0),
+      (lightPos[1] ?? 0) + (look[1] ?? 0),
+      (lightPos[2] ?? 0) + (look[2] ?? 0)
+    );
+    const view = mat4.create();
+    mat4.lookAt(view, lightPos, target, up);
+    const vp = mat4.create();
+    mat4.multiply(vp, proj, view);
+    out.push(vp);
+  }
+  return out;
+}
+function computeDirectionalCsm(direction, config, cameraData) {
+  const cascadeCount = Math.round(config.cascadeCount);
+  const sNear = cameraData?.near ?? 0.1;
+  const sFar = config.shadowDistance;
+  const splits = pssmSplit(sNear, sFar, cascadeCount, config.splitLambda);
+  const lightDirN = vec3.normalize(vec3.create(), direction);
+  const lightTarget = vec3.create(lightDirN[0] ?? 0, lightDirN[1] ?? 0, lightDirN[2] ?? 0);
+  const lightView = mat4.create();
+  mat4.lookAt(lightView, vec3.create(0, 0, 0), lightTarget, vec3.create(0, 1, 0));
+  if (cameraData === void 0) return null;
+  const camProj = mat4.create();
+  if (cameraData.projection === "orthographic") {
+    mat4.orthographic(
+      camProj,
+      cameraData.orthoLeft,
+      cameraData.orthoRight,
+      cameraData.orthoTop,
+      cameraData.orthoBottom,
+      cameraData.near,
+      cameraData.far
+    );
+  } else {
+    mat4.perspective(camProj, cameraData.fov, cameraData.aspect, cameraData.near, cameraData.far);
+  }
+  const camView = mat4.create();
+  mat4.invert(camView, cameraData.world);
+  const cameraVP = mat4.create();
+  mat4.multiply(cameraVP, camProj, camView);
+  const resultLightViewProjs = [];
+  const cascadeFits = [];
+  let lightSpaceMaxZFull = -Infinity;
+  const fullCorners = computeFrustumCorners(
+    cameraVP,
+    cameraData.near,
+    cameraData.far,
+    sNear,
+    sFar,
+    cameraData.projection
+  );
+  for (const ws of fullCorners) {
+    const ls = vec3.create();
+    mat4.transformVec3(ls, lightView, ws);
+    if ((ls[2] ?? 0) > lightSpaceMaxZFull) lightSpaceMaxZFull = ls[2] ?? 0;
+  }
+  for (let cIdx = 0; cIdx < 4; cIdx++) {
+    if (cIdx >= cascadeCount) {
+      resultLightViewProjs.push(new Float32Array(16));
+      continue;
+    }
+    const cascadeNear = cIdx === 0 ? sNear : splits[cIdx - 1] ?? sFar;
+    const cascadeFar = splits[cIdx] ?? sFar;
+    const corners = computeFrustumCorners(
+      cameraVP,
+      cameraData.near,
+      cameraData.far,
+      cascadeNear,
+      cascadeFar,
+      cameraData.projection
+    );
+    const lightMVP = mat4.clone(lightView);
+    let minX = Infinity;
+    let maxX = -Infinity;
+    let minY = Infinity;
+    let maxY = -Infinity;
+    let minZ = Infinity;
+    let maxZ = -Infinity;
+    for (const ws of corners) {
+      const ls = vec3.create();
+      mat4.transformVec3(ls, lightMVP, ws);
+      if ((ls[0] ?? 0) < minX) minX = ls[0] ?? 0;
+      if ((ls[0] ?? 0) > maxX) maxX = ls[0] ?? 0;
+      if ((ls[1] ?? 0) < minY) minY = ls[1] ?? 0;
+      if ((ls[1] ?? 0) > maxY) maxY = ls[1] ?? 0;
+      if ((ls[2] ?? 0) < minZ) minZ = ls[2] ?? 0;
+      if ((ls[2] ?? 0) > maxZ) maxZ = ls[2] ?? 0;
+    }
+    const nearZ = Math.max(maxZ, lightSpaceMaxZFull);
+    const orthoProj = mat4.create();
+    mat4.orthographic(orthoProj, minX, maxX, maxY, minY, -nearZ, -minZ);
+    cascadeFits.push({
+      split: splits[cIdx] ?? sFar,
+      minX,
+      maxX,
+      minY,
+      maxY,
+      minZ,
+      maxZ
+    });
+    resultLightViewProjs.push(new Float32Array(mat4.multiply(mat4.create(), orthoProj, lightView)));
+  }
+  const projection = projectDirectionalShadow(
+    cascadeFits,
+    config.mapSize,
+    config.shadowFilter ?? 2,
+    config.shadowAngularRadius ?? 465e-5,
+    config.maxPenumbraTexels ?? 32
+  );
+  if (projection === void 0) return null;
+  return {
+    lightViewProj: resultLightViewProjs,
+    splitPlanes: projection.splitPlanes,
+    cascadeCount,
+    cascadeBlend: config.cascadeBlend,
+    shadowMapSize: config.mapSize,
+    directionalShadowQuality: projection.directionalShadowQuality
+  };
+}
+var ALL_VISIBLE = {
+  diagnostics: [],
+  hasAnyIntent: false,
+  hasAnyHiddenIntent: false,
+  get: () => void 0,
+  effective: () => "visible"
+};
+function collectCameraSnapshots(world) {
+  const worldInternal = createWorldInternalView(world);
+  const cameras = [];
+  const cameraQuery = world.query({ read: [Camera], optional: [MotionBlur], with: [Transform, GlobalTransform] }).unwrap();
+  for (const row of cameraQuery) {
+    const cam = row.get(Camera);
+    const motionBlur = row.get(MotionBlur);
     const entity = row.entity;
-    const read = world.get(entity, PostProcessParams);
-    if (!read.ok) continue;
-    postProcessParams.set(read.value.shader, read.value.data);
+    const view = worldInternal._getArrayView(entity, GlobalTransform, "world");
+    if (view === void 0) continue;
+    const worldMat = new Float32Array(view);
+    const target = resolveCameraTarget(world, cam.target);
+    cameras.push({
+      entityKey: entity,
+      ...target === void 0 ? {} : { target },
+      historyVersion: cam.historyVersion,
+      position: mat4.getTranslation(vec3.create(), worldMat),
+      world: worldMat,
+      fov: cam.fov,
+      aspect: cam.aspect,
+      near: cam.near,
+      far: cam.far,
+      projection: cameraProjectionFromF32(cam.projection),
+      orthoLeft: cam.left,
+      orthoRight: cam.right,
+      orthoBottom: cam.bottom,
+      orthoTop: cam.top,
+      tonemap: tonemapFromF32(cam.tonemap),
+      exposure: cam.exposure,
+      whitePoint: cam.whitePoint,
+      antialias: antialiasFromF32(cam.antialias),
+      bloom: bloomEnabledFromF32(cam.bloom),
+      bloomThreshold: cam.bloomThreshold,
+      bloomIntensity: cam.bloomIntensity,
+      bloomBlurRadius: cam.bloomBlurRadius,
+      clearColor: [
+        cam.clearColor[0] ?? 0,
+        cam.clearColor[1] ?? 0,
+        cam.clearColor[2] ?? 0,
+        cam.clearColor[3] ?? 1
+      ],
+      ...motionBlur === void 0 ? {} : {
+        motionBlur: {
+          shutterAngle: motionBlur.shutterAngle,
+          maxRadiusPixels: motionBlur.maxRadiusPixels,
+          sampleCount: motionBlur.sampleCount
+        }
+      }
+    });
   }
-  const tonemapCamera = cameras[0];
-  if (tonemapCamera !== void 0) {
-    postProcessParams.set(STANDARD_OUTPUT_TRANSFORM_FEATURE_ID, tonemapParams(tonemapCamera));
+  return cameras;
+}
+function collectCubeCameraSnapshots(world) {
+  const worldInternal = createWorldInternalView(world);
+  const snapshots = [];
+  const query = world.query({ read: [CubeCamera], with: [Transform, GlobalTransform] }).unwrap();
+  for (const row of query) {
+    const camera = row.get(CubeCamera);
+    const target = resolveCameraTarget(world, camera.target);
+    if (target === void 0) continue;
+    const view = worldInternal._getArrayView(row.entity, GlobalTransform, "world");
+    if (view === void 0) continue;
+    snapshots.push({
+      entityKey: row.entity,
+      target,
+      position: [view[12] ?? 0, view[13] ?? 0, view[14] ?? 0],
+      near: camera.near,
+      far: camera.far,
+      updateIntent: cubeCameraUpdateIntentFromF32(camera.updateIntent),
+      requestVersion: camera.requestVersion,
+      faceBudget: camera.faceBudget
+    });
+  }
+  return snapshots;
+}
+function collectReflectionProbeFacts(world) {
+  const worldInternal = createWorldInternalView(world);
+  const facts = [];
+  const query = world.query({ read: [ReflectionProbe], with: [Transform, GlobalTransform] }).unwrap();
+  for (const row of query) {
+    const probe = row.get(ReflectionProbe);
+    const view = worldInternal._getArrayView(row.entity, GlobalTransform, "world");
+    if (view === void 0) {
+      continue;
+    }
+    facts.push({
+      worldId: 0,
+      entityKey: row.entity,
+      center: [view[12] ?? 0, view[13] ?? 0, view[14] ?? 0],
+      halfExtents: [
+        probe.halfExtents[0] ?? 0,
+        probe.halfExtents[1] ?? 0,
+        probe.halfExtents[2] ?? 0
+      ],
+      priority: probe.priority,
+      intensity: probe.intensity,
+      resolution: probe.resolution,
+      revision: probe.invalidationVersion,
+      updateIntent: reflectionProbeUpdateIntentFromF32(probe.updateIntent),
+      invalidationVersion: probe.invalidationVersion
+    });
   }
+  return facts;
+}
+function selectCameraRoles(world) {
+  const cameras = collectCameraSnapshots(world);
+  const displayEntities = cameras.filter((camera) => camera.target === void 0).map((camera) => camera.entityKey ?? 0);
+  const activeCameraIndex = selectActiveCameraIndex(
+    displayEntities,
+    getActiveCamera(world)?.entity
+  );
+  const displayEntityKey = displayEntities[activeCameraIndex] ?? displayEntities[0];
+  const display = displayEntityKey === void 0 ? [] : cameras.filter((camera) => camera.entityKey === displayEntityKey);
+  const candidates = cameras.map((camera) => ({
+    worldId: 0,
+    entityKey: camera.entityKey ?? 0,
+    ...camera.target === void 0 ? {} : { target: camera.target },
+    requestVersion: 0,
+    update: "continuous"
+  }));
+  const selected = selectCameraTargetViews(candidates, {
+    ...displayEntityKey === void 0 ? {} : { displayEntityKey },
+    budget: 1
+  });
+  const auxiliary = selected.auxiliary.flatMap(
+    (candidate) => cameras.filter((camera) => camera.entityKey === candidate.entityKey)
+  );
+  return { display, auxiliary };
+}
+function tonemapParams(camera) {
+  const bytes = new ArrayBuffer(16);
+  const floats = new Float32Array(bytes);
+  const integers = new Uint32Array(bytes);
+  floats[0] = camera.exposure;
+  floats[1] = camera.whitePoint;
+  integers[2] = tonemapToU32(camera.tonemap);
+  return new Uint8Array(bytes);
+}
+function prepareExtractContext(world, options = {}) {
+  const renderables = options.renderables ?? "full";
   return {
-    cameras,
-    auxiliaryCameras,
-    cubeCameras,
-    reflectionProbes,
-    lights,
-    environment,
-    environmentReady: true,
-    ...volumetricFog === void 0 ? {} : { volumetricFog },
+    assets: options.assets,
+    pipelineState: options.pipelineState,
+    materialSnapshotCache: options.materialSnapshotCache,
+    resourceOwnerFog: options.resourceOwnerFog,
+    cull: options.cull ?? "self",
+    cullCameras: options.cullCameras,
     renderables,
-    dispatch,
-    skylight,
-    skylightCount,
-    lightProbes,
-    skybox,
-    skyboxCount,
-    fog,
-    ...fogFailure === void 0 ? {} : { fogFailure },
-    frustumStats: { culled: frustumCulled, total: frustumTotal },
-    visibilityStats: { explicitlyHidden: explicitlyHidden.size },
-    postProcessParams,
-    visibilitySnapshots: [context.visibility],
-    featureVisibilitySnapshots: [{ world, snapshot: context.visibility }],
-    hiddenEntityReports: [...explicitlyHidden].map((entity) => ({ world, entity }))
+    visibility: renderables === "none" ? ALL_VISIBLE : resolveVisibility(world),
+    getMaterialShaderArtifact: options.getMaterialShaderArtifact
   };
 }
-function defaultMaterialSnapshot(materialHandle = 0) {
-  return {
-    baseColor: vec3.create(0.5, 0.5, 0.5),
-    metallic: 0,
-    roughness: 1,
-    materialHandle
+var fogQueries = /* @__PURE__ */ new WeakMap();
+var fogLkgStates = /* @__PURE__ */ new WeakMap();
+function fogState(world) {
+  const existing = fogLkgStates.get(world);
+  if (existing !== void 0) return existing;
+  const created = { lkg: void 0, failure: void 0 };
+  fogLkgStates.set(world, created);
+  return created;
+}
+function selectFogFrame(world) {
+  const fogCandidates = [];
+  let fogQuery = fogQueries.get(world);
+  if (fogQuery === void 0) {
+    fogQuery = world.query({ read: [Fog] }).unwrap();
+    fogQueries.set(world, fogQuery);
+  }
+  for (const row of fogQuery) {
+    const value = row.get(Fog);
+    fogCandidates.push({
+      entityKey: row.entity,
+      color: [value.color[0] ?? 0, value.color[1] ?? 0, value.color[2] ?? 0],
+      density: value.density,
+      heightFalloff: value.heightFalloff,
+      maxOpacity: value.maxOpacity
+    });
+  }
+  const fogSelection = selectEnvironment({
+    environments: [],
+    fogs: fogCandidates,
+    suns: [],
+    lane: "direct"
+  });
+  const state = fogState(world);
+  if (fogSelection.ok) {
+    state.lkg = fogSelection.value.fog;
+    state.failure = void 0;
+    return fogSelection.value.fog;
+  }
+  state.failure = {
+    code: fogSelection.error.code,
+    expected: fogSelection.error.expected,
+    hint: fogSelection.error.hint,
+    detail: Object.freeze({ ...fogSelection.error.detail })
   };
+  routeWorldError(world, fogSelection.error, {
+    systemName: "RenderSystem.extract (fog-selection)"
+  });
+  if (state.lkg !== void 0) return state.lkg;
+  throw fogSelection.error;
 }
-function identityProjection() {
-  const projection = new Float32Array(16);
-  projection[0] = 1;
-  projection[5] = 1;
-  projection[10] = 1;
-  projection[15] = 1;
-  return projection;
+function textureDigest(texture) {
+  let hash = 2166136261;
+  for (const byte of texture.data) hash = Math.imul(hash ^ byte, 16777619) >>> 0;
+  return `fnv1a:${hash.toString(16).padStart(8, "0")}`;
+}
+function extractVolumeSnapshot(world, assets, worldInternal) {
+  const query = world.query({ read: [VolumetricFog] }).unwrap();
+  const authorings = [];
+  let selectedLight;
+  let first;
+  for (const row of query) {
+    const source = row.get(VolumetricFog);
+    if (source.light === null) continue;
+    const selected = resolveSelectedVolumetricLight(world, source.light);
+    if (selected.status === "available") {
+      const pairSpot = source.spotLight === null ? void 0 : source.spotLight;
+      selectedLight ??= {
+        entity: selected.entity,
+        kind: selected.kind,
+        ...selected.kind === "point" ? { pointLightEntity: selected.entity } : {},
+        ...pairSpot === void 0 ? {} : { spotLightEntity: pairSpot }
+      };
+    }
+    const densityHandle = toShared(Math.round(Number(source.density)));
+    const resolved = resolveAssetHandle(world, densityHandle);
+    if (!resolved.ok || resolved.value.kind !== "texture") {
+      worldInternal._routeError(
+        resolved.ok ? new RhiError({
+          code: "asset-not-registered",
+          expected: "VolumetricFog.density resolves to a TextureAsset",
+          hint: "load a TextureAsset before assigning it to VolumetricFog.density",
+          detail: { assetHandle: Number(densityHandle) }
+        }) : resolved.error,
+        { severity: Severity.Error, systemName: "RenderSystem.extract (volumetric-density)" }
+      );
+      return { status: "degraded" };
+    }
+    const densityAsset = resolved.value;
+    const guid = assets?.guidOf(densityAsset) ?? `handle:${Number(densityHandle)}`;
+    const shape = densityAsset.shape;
+    const density = shape.viewDimension === "3d" ? {
+      guid,
+      generation: 1,
+      shape: {
+        viewDimension: "3d",
+        extent: {
+          width: shape.extent.width,
+          height: shape.extent.height,
+          depth: shape.extent.depth
+        }
+      },
+      format: densityAsset.format,
+      colorSpace: densityAsset.colorSpace
+    } : {
+      guid,
+      generation: 1,
+      shape: {
+        viewDimension: shape.viewDimension,
+        extent: shape.viewDimension === "2d-array" ? {
+          width: shape.extent.width,
+          height: shape.extent.height,
+          layers: shape.extent.layers
+        } : { width: shape.extent.width, height: shape.extent.height }
+      },
+      format: densityAsset.format,
+      colorSpace: densityAsset.colorSpace
+    };
+    const authoring = {
+      light: source.light,
+      density,
+      bounds: {
+        min: [source.boundsMin[0] ?? 0, source.boundsMin[1] ?? 0, source.boundsMin[2] ?? 0],
+        max: [source.boundsMax[0] ?? 0, source.boundsMax[1] ?? 0, source.boundsMax[2] ?? 0]
+      },
+      extinction: [source.extinction[0] ?? 0, source.extinction[1] ?? 0, source.extinction[2] ?? 0],
+      albedo: [source.albedo[0] ?? 0, source.albedo[1] ?? 0, source.albedo[2] ?? 0],
+      emission: [source.emission[0] ?? 0, source.emission[1] ?? 0, source.emission[2] ?? 0],
+      anisotropy: source.anisotropy,
+      maxDistance: source.maxDistance
+    };
+    authorings.push(authoring);
+    first ??= { densityHandle, densityAsset, guid };
+  }
+  if (authorings.length === 0) return void 0;
+  const extracted = extractVolumetricFog(authorings);
+  if (!extracted.ok) {
+    worldInternal._routeError(extracted.error, {
+      severity: Severity.Error,
+      systemName: "RenderSystem.extract (volumetric-fog)"
+    });
+    return {
+      status: "degraded",
+      ...first === void 0 ? {} : {
+        densityHandle: first.densityHandle,
+        densityAsset: first.densityAsset,
+        guid: first.guid,
+        generation: 1,
+        digest: textureDigest(first.densityAsset),
+        ...selectedLight === void 0 ? {} : {
+          lightEntity: selectedLight.entity,
+          lightKind: selectedLight.kind,
+          ...selectedLight.pointLightEntity === void 0 ? {} : { pointLightEntity: selectedLight.pointLightEntity },
+          ...selectedLight.spotLightEntity === void 0 ? {} : { spotLightEntity: selectedLight.spotLightEntity }
+        }
+      }
+    };
+  }
+  if (extracted.value.status === "off" || first === void 0) return { status: "off" };
+  const selectedLightFields = selectedLight === void 0 ? {} : {
+    lightEntity: selectedLight.entity,
+    lightKind: selectedLight.kind,
+    ...selectedLight.pointLightEntity === void 0 ? {} : { pointLightEntity: selectedLight.pointLightEntity },
+    ...selectedLight.spotLightEntity === void 0 ? {} : { spotLightEntity: selectedLight.spotLightEntity }
+  };
+  return {
+    status: "available",
+    fog: extracted.value.fog,
+    densityHandle: first.densityHandle,
+    densityAsset: first.densityAsset,
+    guid: first.guid,
+    generation: 1,
+    digest: textureDigest(first.densityAsset),
+    ...selectedLightFields
+  };
 }
 var PROBE_R_MIN = R_MIN;
 var PROBE_MAX_CONTRIBUTORS = PROBE_BLEND_RECORD_CAPACITY;
@@ -5080,6 +5077,6 @@ var ProbeBlendSceneProjection = class {
   }
 };
 
-export { InstanceBoundsCache, OcclusionRenderRuntime, PROBE_MAX_CONTRIBUTORS, ProbeBlendSceneProjection, admitProbeContributors, blendLightProbes, buildRectAreaWorldFrame, createCookieProjectionMatrixData, createExtendedLightingState, extractFrames, fingerprintNumericArray, glyphTextLayoutSystem, primitiveKey, primitiveKeyId, projectExtendedLightingInspection, promoteExtendedLightingCandidate, recordExtendedLightingFailure, rectAreaFacesPoint, scaledProbeWeight, setOcclusionRuntimeTestHooks, viewKey, viewKeyId };
-//# sourceMappingURL=chunk-DIYW3M5D.mjs.map
-//# sourceMappingURL=chunk-DIYW3M5D.mjs.map
+export { InstanceBoundsCache, OcclusionRenderRuntime, PROBE_MAX_CONTRIBUTORS, ProbeBlendSceneProjection, SKYLIGHT_RECOVERY_FALLBACK, admitProbeContributors, blendLightProbes, buildRectAreaWorldFrame, createCookieProjectionMatrixData, createExtendedLightingState, extractFrames, fingerprintNumericArray, glyphTextLayoutSystem, primitiveKey, primitiveKeyId, projectExtendedLightingInspection, promoteExtendedLightingCandidate, recordExtendedLightingFailure, rectAreaFacesPoint, scaledProbeWeight, setOcclusionRuntimeTestHooks, viewKey, viewKeyId };
+//# sourceMappingURL=chunk-Z3YYH2MB.mjs.map
+//# sourceMappingURL=chunk-Z3YYH2MB.mjs.map