@epic-web/workshop-app 5.1.0 → 5.1.2

package/node_modules/chai/lib/chai/core/assertions.js

@@ -1,3933 +0,0 @@
-/*!
- * chai
- * http://chaijs.com
- * Copyright(c) 2011-2014 Jake Luer <jake@alogicalparadox.com>
- * MIT Licensed
- */
-
-import {Assertion} from '../assertion.js';
-import {AssertionError} from 'assertion-error';
-import * as _ from '../utils/index.js';
-
-const {flag} = _;
-
-/**
- * ### Language Chains
- *
- * The following are provided as chainable getters to improve the readability
- * of your assertions.
- *
- * **Chains**
- *
- * - to
- * - be
- * - been
- * - is
- * - that
- * - which
- * - and
- * - has
- * - have
- * - with
- * - at
- * - of
- * - same
- * - but
- * - does
- * - still
- * - also
- *
- * @name language chains
- * @namespace BDD
- * @public
- */
-
-[ 'to', 'be', 'been', 'is'
-, 'and', 'has', 'have', 'with'
-, 'that', 'which', 'at', 'of'
-, 'same', 'but', 'does', 'still', "also" ].forEach(function (chain) {
-  Assertion.addProperty(chain);
-});
-
-/**
- * ### .not
- *
- * Negates all assertions that follow in the chain.
- *
- *     expect(function () {}).to.not.throw();
- *     expect({a: 1}).to.not.have.property('b');
- *     expect([1, 2]).to.be.an('array').that.does.not.include(3);
- *
- * Just because you can negate any assertion with `.not` doesn't mean you
- * should. With great power comes great responsibility. It's often best to
- * assert that the one expected output was produced, rather than asserting
- * that one of countless unexpected outputs wasn't produced. See individual
- * assertions for specific guidance.
- *
- *     expect(2).to.equal(2); // Recommended
- *     expect(2).to.not.equal(1); // Not recommended
- *
- * @name not
- * @namespace BDD
- * @public
- */
-
-Assertion.addProperty('not', function () {
-  flag(this, 'negate', true);
-});
-
-/**
- * ### .deep
- *
- * Causes all `.equal`, `.include`, `.members`, `.keys`, and `.property`
- * assertions that follow in the chain to use deep equality instead of strict
- * (`===`) equality. See the `deep-eql` project page for info on the deep
- * equality algorithm: https://github.com/chaijs/deep-eql.
- *
- *     // Target object deeply (but not strictly) equals `{a: 1}`
- *     expect({a: 1}).to.deep.equal({a: 1});
- *     expect({a: 1}).to.not.equal({a: 1});
- *
- *     // Target array deeply (but not strictly) includes `{a: 1}`
- *     expect([{a: 1}]).to.deep.include({a: 1});
- *     expect([{a: 1}]).to.not.include({a: 1});
- *
- *     // Target object deeply (but not strictly) includes `x: {a: 1}`
- *     expect({x: {a: 1}}).to.deep.include({x: {a: 1}});
- *     expect({x: {a: 1}}).to.not.include({x: {a: 1}});
- *
- *     // Target array deeply (but not strictly) has member `{a: 1}`
- *     expect([{a: 1}]).to.have.deep.members([{a: 1}]);
- *     expect([{a: 1}]).to.not.have.members([{a: 1}]);
- *
- *     // Target set deeply (but not strictly) has key `{a: 1}`
- *     expect(new Set([{a: 1}])).to.have.deep.keys([{a: 1}]);
- *     expect(new Set([{a: 1}])).to.not.have.keys([{a: 1}]);
- *
- *     // Target object deeply (but not strictly) has property `x: {a: 1}`
- *     expect({x: {a: 1}}).to.have.deep.property('x', {a: 1});
- *     expect({x: {a: 1}}).to.not.have.property('x', {a: 1});
- *
- * @name deep
- * @namespace BDD
- * @public
- */
-
-Assertion.addProperty('deep', function () {
-  flag(this, 'deep', true);
-});
-
-/**
- * ### .nested
- *
- * Enables dot- and bracket-notation in all `.property` and `.include`
- * assertions that follow in the chain.
- *
- *     expect({a: {b: ['x', 'y']}}).to.have.nested.property('a.b[1]');
- *     expect({a: {b: ['x', 'y']}}).to.nested.include({'a.b[1]': 'y'});
- *
- * If `.` or `[]` are part of an actual property name, they can be escaped by
- * adding two backslashes before them.
- *
- *     expect({'.a': {'[b]': 'x'}}).to.have.nested.property('\\.a.\\[b\\]');
- *     expect({'.a': {'[b]': 'x'}}).to.nested.include({'\\.a.\\[b\\]': 'x'});
- *
- * `.nested` cannot be combined with `.own`.
- *
- * @name nested
- * @namespace BDD
- * @public
- */
-
-Assertion.addProperty('nested', function () {
-  flag(this, 'nested', true);
-});
-
-/**
- * ### .own
- *
- * Causes all `.property` and `.include` assertions that follow in the chain
- * to ignore inherited properties.
- *
- *     Object.prototype.b = 2;
- *
- *     expect({a: 1}).to.have.own.property('a');
- *     expect({a: 1}).to.have.property('b');
- *     expect({a: 1}).to.not.have.own.property('b');
- *
- *     expect({a: 1}).to.own.include({a: 1});
- *     expect({a: 1}).to.include({b: 2}).but.not.own.include({b: 2});
- *
- * `.own` cannot be combined with `.nested`.
- *
- * @name own
- * @namespace BDD
- * @public
- */
-
-Assertion.addProperty('own', function () {
-  flag(this, 'own', true);
-});
-
-/**
- * ### .ordered
- *
- * Causes all `.members` assertions that follow in the chain to require that
- * members be in the same order.
- *
- *     expect([1, 2]).to.have.ordered.members([1, 2])
- *       .but.not.have.ordered.members([2, 1]);
- *
- * When `.include` and `.ordered` are combined, the ordering begins at the
- * start of both arrays.
- *
- *     expect([1, 2, 3]).to.include.ordered.members([1, 2])
- *       .but.not.include.ordered.members([2, 3]);
- *
- * @name ordered
- * @namespace BDD
- * @public
- */
-
-Assertion.addProperty('ordered', function () {
-  flag(this, 'ordered', true);
-});
-
-/**
- * ### .any
- *
- * Causes all `.keys` assertions that follow in the chain to only require that
- * the target have at least one of the given keys. This is the opposite of
- * `.all`, which requires that the target have all of the given keys.
- *
- *     expect({a: 1, b: 2}).to.not.have.any.keys('c', 'd');
- *
- * See the `.keys` doc for guidance on when to use `.any` or `.all`.
- *
- * @name any
- * @namespace BDD
- * @public
- */
-
-Assertion.addProperty('any', function () {
-  flag(this, 'any', true);
-  flag(this, 'all', false);
-});
-
-/**
- * ### .all
- *
- * Causes all `.keys` assertions that follow in the chain to require that the
- * target have all of the given keys. This is the opposite of `.any`, which
- * only requires that the target have at least one of the given keys.
- *
- *     expect({a: 1, b: 2}).to.have.all.keys('a', 'b');
- *
- * Note that `.all` is used by default when neither `.all` nor `.any` are
- * added earlier in the chain. However, it's often best to add `.all` anyway
- * because it improves readability.
- *
- * See the `.keys` doc for guidance on when to use `.any` or `.all`.
- *
- * @name all
- * @namespace BDD
- * @public
- */
-
-Assertion.addProperty('all', function () {
-  flag(this, 'all', true);
-  flag(this, 'any', false);
-});
-
-const functionTypes = {
-  'function': ['function', 'asyncfunction', 'generatorfunction', 'asyncgeneratorfunction'],
-  'asyncfunction': ['asyncfunction', 'asyncgeneratorfunction'],
-  'generatorfunction': ['generatorfunction', 'asyncgeneratorfunction'],
-  'asyncgeneratorfunction': ['asyncgeneratorfunction']
-}
-
-/**
- * ### .a(type[, msg])
- *
- * Asserts that the target's type is equal to the given string `type`. Types
- * are case insensitive. See the utility file `./type-detect.js` for info on the
- * type detection algorithm.
- *
- *     expect('foo').to.be.a('string');
- *     expect({a: 1}).to.be.an('object');
- *     expect(null).to.be.a('null');
- *     expect(undefined).to.be.an('undefined');
- *     expect(new Error).to.be.an('error');
- *     expect(Promise.resolve()).to.be.a('promise');
- *     expect(new Float32Array).to.be.a('float32array');
- *     expect(Symbol()).to.be.a('symbol');
- *
- * `.a` supports objects that have a custom type set via `Symbol.toStringTag`.
- *
- *     var myObj = {
- *         [Symbol.toStringTag]: 'myCustomType'
- *     };
- *
- *     expect(myObj).to.be.a('myCustomType').but.not.an('object');
- *
- * It's often best to use `.a` to check a target's type before making more
- * assertions on the same target. That way, you avoid unexpected behavior from
- * any assertion that does different things based on the target's type.
- *
- *     expect([1, 2, 3]).to.be.an('array').that.includes(2);
- *     expect([]).to.be.an('array').that.is.empty;
- *
- * Add `.not` earlier in the chain to negate `.a`. However, it's often best to
- * assert that the target is the expected type, rather than asserting that it
- * isn't one of many unexpected types.
- *
- *     expect('foo').to.be.a('string'); // Recommended
- *     expect('foo').to.not.be.an('array'); // Not recommended
- *
- * `.a` accepts an optional `msg` argument which is a custom error message to
- * show when the assertion fails. The message can also be given as the second
- * argument to `expect`.
- *
- *     expect(1).to.be.a('string', 'nooo why fail??');
- *     expect(1, 'nooo why fail??').to.be.a('string');
- *
- * `.a` can also be used as a language chain to improve the readability of
- * your assertions.
- *
- *     expect({b: 2}).to.have.a.property('b');
- *
- * The alias `.an` can be used interchangeably with `.a`.
- *
- * @name a
- * @alias an
- * @param {string} type
- * @param {string} msg _optional_
- * @namespace BDD
- * @public
- */
-function an (type, msg) {
-  if (msg) flag(this, 'message', msg);
-  type = type.toLowerCase();
-  var obj = flag(this, 'object')
-    , article = ~[ 'a', 'e', 'i', 'o', 'u' ].indexOf(type.charAt(0)) ? 'an ' : 'a ';
-
-  const detectedType = _.type(obj).toLowerCase();
-
-  if (functionTypes['function'].includes(type)) {
-    this.assert(
-        functionTypes[type].includes(detectedType)
-      , 'expected #{this} to be ' + article + type
-      , 'expected #{this} not to be ' + article + type
-    );
-  } else {
-    this.assert(
-      type === detectedType
-      , 'expected #{this} to be ' + article + type
-      , 'expected #{this} not to be ' + article + type
-    );
-  }
-}
-
-Assertion.addChainableMethod('an', an);
-Assertion.addChainableMethod('a', an);
-
-/**
- *
- * @param {unknown} a
- * @param {unknown} b
- * @returns {boolean}
- */
-function SameValueZero(a, b) {
-  return (_.isNaN(a) && _.isNaN(b)) || a === b;
-}
-
-/**
- *
- */
-function includeChainingBehavior () {
-  flag(this, 'contains', true);
-}
-
-/**
- * ### .include(val[, msg])
- *
- * When the target is a string, `.include` asserts that the given string `val`
- * is a substring of the target.
- *
- *     expect('foobar').to.include('foo');
- *
- * When the target is an array, `.include` asserts that the given `val` is a
- * member of the target.
- *
- *     expect([1, 2, 3]).to.include(2);
- *
- * When the target is an object, `.include` asserts that the given object
- * `val`'s properties are a subset of the target's properties.
- *
- *     expect({a: 1, b: 2, c: 3}).to.include({a: 1, b: 2});
- *
- * When the target is a Set or WeakSet, `.include` asserts that the given `val` is a
- * member of the target. SameValueZero equality algorithm is used.
- *
- *     expect(new Set([1, 2])).to.include(2);
- *
- * When the target is a Map, `.include` asserts that the given `val` is one of
- * the values of the target. SameValueZero equality algorithm is used.
- *
- *     expect(new Map([['a', 1], ['b', 2]])).to.include(2);
- *
- * Because `.include` does different things based on the target's type, it's
- * important to check the target's type before using `.include`. See the `.a`
- * doc for info on testing a target's type.
- *
- *     expect([1, 2, 3]).to.be.an('array').that.includes(2);
- *
- * By default, strict (`===`) equality is used to compare array members and
- * object properties. Add `.deep` earlier in the chain to use deep equality
- * instead (WeakSet targets are not supported). See the `deep-eql` project
- * page for info on the deep equality algorithm: https://github.com/chaijs/deep-eql.
- *
- *     // Target array deeply (but not strictly) includes `{a: 1}`
- *     expect([{a: 1}]).to.deep.include({a: 1});
- *     expect([{a: 1}]).to.not.include({a: 1});
- *
- *     // Target object deeply (but not strictly) includes `x: {a: 1}`
- *     expect({x: {a: 1}}).to.deep.include({x: {a: 1}});
- *     expect({x: {a: 1}}).to.not.include({x: {a: 1}});
- *
- * By default, all of the target's properties are searched when working with
- * objects. This includes properties that are inherited and/or non-enumerable.
- * Add `.own` earlier in the chain to exclude the target's inherited
- * properties from the search.
- *
- *     Object.prototype.b = 2;
- *
- *     expect({a: 1}).to.own.include({a: 1});
- *     expect({a: 1}).to.include({b: 2}).but.not.own.include({b: 2});
- *
- * Note that a target object is always only searched for `val`'s own
- * enumerable properties.
- *
- * `.deep` and `.own` can be combined.
- *
- *     expect({a: {b: 2}}).to.deep.own.include({a: {b: 2}});
- *
- * Add `.nested` earlier in the chain to enable dot- and bracket-notation when
- * referencing nested properties.
- *
- *     expect({a: {b: ['x', 'y']}}).to.nested.include({'a.b[1]': 'y'});
- *
- * If `.` or `[]` are part of an actual property name, they can be escaped by
- * adding two backslashes before them.
- *
- *     expect({'.a': {'[b]': 2}}).to.nested.include({'\\.a.\\[b\\]': 2});
- *
- * `.deep` and `.nested` can be combined.
- *
- *     expect({a: {b: [{c: 3}]}}).to.deep.nested.include({'a.b[0]': {c: 3}});
- *
- * `.own` and `.nested` cannot be combined.
- *
- * Add `.not` earlier in the chain to negate `.include`.
- *
- *     expect('foobar').to.not.include('taco');
- *     expect([1, 2, 3]).to.not.include(4);
- *
- * However, it's dangerous to negate `.include` when the target is an object.
- * The problem is that it creates uncertain expectations by asserting that the
- * target object doesn't have all of `val`'s key/value pairs but may or may
- * not have some of them. It's often best to identify the exact output that's
- * expected, and then write an assertion that only accepts that exact output.
- *
- * When the target object isn't even expected to have `val`'s keys, it's
- * often best to assert exactly that.
- *
- *     expect({c: 3}).to.not.have.any.keys('a', 'b'); // Recommended
- *     expect({c: 3}).to.not.include({a: 1, b: 2}); // Not recommended
- *
- * When the target object is expected to have `val`'s keys, it's often best to
- * assert that each of the properties has its expected value, rather than
- * asserting that each property doesn't have one of many unexpected values.
- *
- *     expect({a: 3, b: 4}).to.include({a: 3, b: 4}); // Recommended
- *     expect({a: 3, b: 4}).to.not.include({a: 1, b: 2}); // Not recommended
- *
- * `.include` accepts an optional `msg` argument which is a custom error
- * message to show when the assertion fails. The message can also be given as
- * the second argument to `expect`.
- *
- *     expect([1, 2, 3]).to.include(4, 'nooo why fail??');
- *     expect([1, 2, 3], 'nooo why fail??').to.include(4);
- *
- * `.include` can also be used as a language chain, causing all `.members` and
- * `.keys` assertions that follow in the chain to require the target to be a
- * superset of the expected set, rather than an identical set. Note that
- * `.members` ignores duplicates in the subset when `.include` is added.
- *
- *     // Target object's keys are a superset of ['a', 'b'] but not identical
- *     expect({a: 1, b: 2, c: 3}).to.include.all.keys('a', 'b');
- *     expect({a: 1, b: 2, c: 3}).to.not.have.all.keys('a', 'b');
- *
- *     // Target array is a superset of [1, 2] but not identical
- *     expect([1, 2, 3]).to.include.members([1, 2]);
- *     expect([1, 2, 3]).to.not.have.members([1, 2]);
- *
- *     // Duplicates in the subset are ignored
- *     expect([1, 2, 3]).to.include.members([1, 2, 2, 2]);
- *
- * Note that adding `.any` earlier in the chain causes the `.keys` assertion
- * to ignore `.include`.
- *
- *     // Both assertions are identical
- *     expect({a: 1}).to.include.any.keys('a', 'b');
- *     expect({a: 1}).to.have.any.keys('a', 'b');
- *
- * The aliases `.includes`, `.contain`, and `.contains` can be used
- * interchangeably with `.include`.
- *
- * @name include
- * @alias contain
- * @alias includes
- * @alias contains
- * @param {unknown} val
- * @param {string} msg _optional_
- * @namespace BDD
- * @public
- */
-function include (val, msg) {
-  if (msg) flag(this, 'message', msg);
-
-  var obj = flag(this, 'object')
-    , objType = _.type(obj).toLowerCase()
-    , flagMsg = flag(this, 'message')
-    , negate = flag(this, 'negate')
-    , ssfi = flag(this, 'ssfi')
-    , isDeep = flag(this, 'deep')
-    , descriptor = isDeep ? 'deep ' : ''
-    , isEql = isDeep ? flag(this, 'eql') : SameValueZero;
-
-  flagMsg = flagMsg ? flagMsg + ': ' : '';
-
-  var included = false;
-
-  switch (objType) {
-    case 'string':
-      included = obj.indexOf(val) !== -1;
-      break;
-
-    case 'weakset':
-      if (isDeep) {
-        throw new AssertionError(
-          flagMsg + 'unable to use .deep.include with WeakSet',
-          undefined,
-          ssfi
-        );
-      }
-
-      included = obj.has(val);
-      break;
-
-    case 'map':
-      obj.forEach(function (item) {
-        included = included || isEql(item, val);
-      });
-      break;
-
-    case 'set':
-      if (isDeep) {
-        obj.forEach(function (item) {
-          included = included || isEql(item, val);
-        });
-      } else {
-        included = obj.has(val);
-      }
-      break;
-
-    case 'array':
-      if (isDeep) {
-        included = obj.some(function (item) {
-          return isEql(item, val);
-        })
-      } else {
-        included = obj.indexOf(val) !== -1;
-      }
-      break;
-
-    default:
-      // This block is for asserting a subset of properties in an object.
-      // `_.expectTypes` isn't used here because `.include` should work with
-      // objects with a custom `@@toStringTag`.
-      if (val !== Object(val)) {
-        throw new AssertionError(
-          flagMsg + 'the given combination of arguments ('
-          + objType + ' and '
-          + _.type(val).toLowerCase() + ')'
-          + ' is invalid for this assertion. '
-          + 'You can use an array, a map, an object, a set, a string, '
-          + 'or a weakset instead of a '
-          + _.type(val).toLowerCase(),
-          undefined,
-          ssfi
-        );
-      }
-
-      var props = Object.keys(val)
-        , firstErr = null
-        , numErrs = 0;
-
-      props.forEach(function (prop) {
-        var propAssertion = new Assertion(obj);
-        _.transferFlags(this, propAssertion, true);
-        flag(propAssertion, 'lockSsfi', true);
-
-        if (!negate || props.length === 1) {
-          propAssertion.property(prop, val[prop]);
-          return;
-        }
-
-        try {
-          propAssertion.property(prop, val[prop]);
-        } catch (err) {
-          if (!_.checkError.compatibleConstructor(err, AssertionError)) {
-            throw err;
-          }
-          if (firstErr === null) firstErr = err;
-          numErrs++;
-        }
-      }, this);
-
-      // When validating .not.include with multiple properties, we only want
-      // to throw an assertion error if all of the properties are included,
-      // in which case we throw the first property assertion error that we
-      // encountered.
-      if (negate && props.length > 1 && numErrs === props.length) {
-        throw firstErr;
-      }
-      return;
-  }
-
-  // Assert inclusion in collection or substring in a string.
-  this.assert(
-    included
-    , 'expected #{this} to ' + descriptor + 'include ' + _.inspect(val)
-    , 'expected #{this} to not ' + descriptor + 'include ' + _.inspect(val));
-}
-
-Assertion.addChainableMethod('include', include, includeChainingBehavior);
-Assertion.addChainableMethod('contain', include, includeChainingBehavior);
-Assertion.addChainableMethod('contains', include, includeChainingBehavior);
-Assertion.addChainableMethod('includes', include, includeChainingBehavior);
-
-/**
- * ### .ok
- *
- * Asserts that the target is a truthy value (considered `true` in boolean context).
- * However, it's often best to assert that the target is strictly (`===`) or
- * deeply equal to its expected value.
- *
- *     expect(1).to.equal(1); // Recommended
- *     expect(1).to.be.ok; // Not recommended
- *
- *     expect(true).to.be.true; // Recommended
- *     expect(true).to.be.ok; // Not recommended
- *
- * Add `.not` earlier in the chain to negate `.ok`.
- *
- *     expect(0).to.equal(0); // Recommended
- *     expect(0).to.not.be.ok; // Not recommended
- *
- *     expect(false).to.be.false; // Recommended
- *     expect(false).to.not.be.ok; // Not recommended
- *
- *     expect(null).to.be.null; // Recommended
- *     expect(null).to.not.be.ok; // Not recommended
- *
- *     expect(undefined).to.be.undefined; // Recommended
- *     expect(undefined).to.not.be.ok; // Not recommended
- *
- * A custom error message can be given as the second argument to `expect`.
- *
- *     expect(false, 'nooo why fail??').to.be.ok;
- *
- * @name ok
- * @namespace BDD
- * @public
- */
-Assertion.addProperty('ok', function () {
-  this.assert(
-      flag(this, 'object')
-    , 'expected #{this} to be truthy'
-    , 'expected #{this} to be falsy');
-});
-
-/**
- * ### .true
- *
- * Asserts that the target is strictly (`===`) equal to `true`.
- *
- *     expect(true).to.be.true;
- *
- * Add `.not` earlier in the chain to negate `.true`. However, it's often best
- * to assert that the target is equal to its expected value, rather than not
- * equal to `true`.
- *
- *     expect(false).to.be.false; // Recommended
- *     expect(false).to.not.be.true; // Not recommended
- *
- *     expect(1).to.equal(1); // Recommended
- *     expect(1).to.not.be.true; // Not recommended
- *
- * A custom error message can be given as the second argument to `expect`.
- *
- *     expect(false, 'nooo why fail??').to.be.true;
- *
- * @name true
- * @namespace BDD
- * @public
- */
-Assertion.addProperty('true', function () {
-  this.assert(
-      true === flag(this, 'object')
-    , 'expected #{this} to be true'
-    , 'expected #{this} to be false'
-    , flag(this, 'negate') ? false : true
-  );
-});
-
-/**
- * ### .callable
- *
- * Asserts that the target a callable function.
- *
- *     expect(console.log).to.be.callable;
- *
- * A custom error message can be given as the second argument to `expect`.
- *
- *     expect('not a function', 'nooo why fail??').to.be.callable;
- *
- * @name callable
- * @namespace BDD
- * @public
- */
-Assertion.addProperty('callable', function () {
-  const val = flag(this, 'object')
-  const ssfi = flag(this, 'ssfi')
-  const message = flag(this, 'message')
-  const msg = message ? `${message}: ` : ''
-  const negate = flag(this, 'negate');
-
-  const assertionMessage = negate ?
-    `${msg}expected ${_.inspect(val)} not to be a callable function` : 
-    `${msg}expected ${_.inspect(val)} to be a callable function`;
-
-  const isCallable = ['Function', 'AsyncFunction', 'GeneratorFunction', 'AsyncGeneratorFunction'].includes(_.type(val));
-
-  if ((isCallable && negate) || (!isCallable && !negate)) {
-    throw new AssertionError(
-      assertionMessage,
-      undefined,
-      ssfi
-    );
-  }
-});
-
-/**
- * ### .false
- *
- * Asserts that the target is strictly (`===`) equal to `false`.
- *
- *     expect(false).to.be.false;
- *
- * Add `.not` earlier in the chain to negate `.false`. However, it's often
- * best to assert that the target is equal to its expected value, rather than
- * not equal to `false`.
- *
- *     expect(true).to.be.true; // Recommended
- *     expect(true).to.not.be.false; // Not recommended
- *
- *     expect(1).to.equal(1); // Recommended
- *     expect(1).to.not.be.false; // Not recommended
- *
- * A custom error message can be given as the second argument to `expect`.
- *
- *     expect(true, 'nooo why fail??').to.be.false;
- *
- * @name false
- * @namespace BDD
- * @public
- */
-Assertion.addProperty('false', function () {
-  this.assert(
-      false === flag(this, 'object')
-    , 'expected #{this} to be false'
-    , 'expected #{this} to be true'
-    , flag(this, 'negate') ? true : false
-  );
-});
-
-/**
- * ### .null
- *
- * Asserts that the target is strictly (`===`) equal to `null`.
- *
- *     expect(null).to.be.null;
- *
- * Add `.not` earlier in the chain to negate `.null`. However, it's often best
- * to assert that the target is equal to its expected value, rather than not
- * equal to `null`.
- *
- *     expect(1).to.equal(1); // Recommended
- *     expect(1).to.not.be.null; // Not recommended
- *
- * A custom error message can be given as the second argument to `expect`.
- *
- *     expect(42, 'nooo why fail??').to.be.null;
- *
- * @name null
- * @namespace BDD
- * @public
- */
-Assertion.addProperty('null', function () {
-  this.assert(
-      null === flag(this, 'object')
-    , 'expected #{this} to be null'
-    , 'expected #{this} not to be null'
-  );
-});
-
-/**
- * ### .undefined
- *
- * Asserts that the target is strictly (`===`) equal to `undefined`.
- *
- *     expect(undefined).to.be.undefined;
- *
- * Add `.not` earlier in the chain to negate `.undefined`. However, it's often
- * best to assert that the target is equal to its expected value, rather than
- * not equal to `undefined`.
- *
- *     expect(1).to.equal(1); // Recommended
- *     expect(1).to.not.be.undefined; // Not recommended
- *
- * A custom error message can be given as the second argument to `expect`.
- *
- *     expect(42, 'nooo why fail??').to.be.undefined;
- *
- * @name undefined
- * @namespace BDD
- * @public
- */
-Assertion.addProperty('undefined', function () {
-  this.assert(
-      undefined === flag(this, 'object')
-    , 'expected #{this} to be undefined'
-    , 'expected #{this} not to be undefined'
-  );
-});
-
-/**
- * ### .NaN
- *
- * Asserts that the target is exactly `NaN`.
- *
- *     expect(NaN).to.be.NaN;
- *
- * Add `.not` earlier in the chain to negate `.NaN`. However, it's often best
- * to assert that the target is equal to its expected value, rather than not
- * equal to `NaN`.
- *
- *     expect('foo').to.equal('foo'); // Recommended
- *     expect('foo').to.not.be.NaN; // Not recommended
- *
- * A custom error message can be given as the second argument to `expect`.
- *
- *     expect(42, 'nooo why fail??').to.be.NaN;
- *
- * @name NaN
- * @namespace BDD
- * @public
- */
-Assertion.addProperty('NaN', function () {
-  this.assert(
-      _.isNaN(flag(this, 'object'))
-      , 'expected #{this} to be NaN'
-      , 'expected #{this} not to be NaN'
-  );
-});
-
-/**
- * ### .exist
- *
- * Asserts that the target is not strictly (`===`) equal to either `null` or
- * `undefined`. However, it's often best to assert that the target is equal to
- * its expected value.
- *
- *     expect(1).to.equal(1); // Recommended
- *     expect(1).to.exist; // Not recommended
- *
- *     expect(0).to.equal(0); // Recommended
- *     expect(0).to.exist; // Not recommended
- *
- * Add `.not` earlier in the chain to negate `.exist`.
- *
- *     expect(null).to.be.null; // Recommended
- *     expect(null).to.not.exist; // Not recommended
- *
- *     expect(undefined).to.be.undefined; // Recommended
- *     expect(undefined).to.not.exist; // Not recommended
- *
- * A custom error message can be given as the second argument to `expect`.
- *
- *     expect(null, 'nooo why fail??').to.exist;
- *
- * The alias `.exists` can be used interchangeably with `.exist`.
- *
- * @name exist
- * @alias exists
- * @namespace BDD
- * @public
- */
-function assertExist () {
-  var val = flag(this, 'object');
-  this.assert(
-      val !== null && val !== undefined
-    , 'expected #{this} to exist'
-    , 'expected #{this} to not exist'
-  );
-}
-
-Assertion.addProperty('exist', assertExist);
-Assertion.addProperty('exists', assertExist);
-
-/**
- * ### .empty
- *
- * When the target is a string or array, `.empty` asserts that the target's
- * `length` property is strictly (`===`) equal to `0`.
- *
- *     expect([]).to.be.empty;
- *     expect('').to.be.empty;
- *
- * When the target is a map or set, `.empty` asserts that the target's `size`
- * property is strictly equal to `0`.
- *
- *     expect(new Set()).to.be.empty;
- *     expect(new Map()).to.be.empty;
- *
- * When the target is a non-function object, `.empty` asserts that the target
- * doesn't have any own enumerable properties. Properties with Symbol-based
- * keys are excluded from the count.
- *
- *     expect({}).to.be.empty;
- *
- * Because `.empty` does different things based on the target's type, it's
- * important to check the target's type before using `.empty`. See the `.a`
- * doc for info on testing a target's type.
- *
- *     expect([]).to.be.an('array').that.is.empty;
- *
- * Add `.not` earlier in the chain to negate `.empty`. However, it's often
- * best to assert that the target contains its expected number of values,
- * rather than asserting that it's not empty.
- *
- *     expect([1, 2, 3]).to.have.lengthOf(3); // Recommended
- *     expect([1, 2, 3]).to.not.be.empty; // Not recommended
- *
- *     expect(new Set([1, 2, 3])).to.have.property('size', 3); // Recommended
- *     expect(new Set([1, 2, 3])).to.not.be.empty; // Not recommended
- *
- *     expect(Object.keys({a: 1})).to.have.lengthOf(1); // Recommended
- *     expect({a: 1}).to.not.be.empty; // Not recommended
- *
- * A custom error message can be given as the second argument to `expect`.
- *
- *     expect([1, 2, 3], 'nooo why fail??').to.be.empty;
- *
- * @name empty
- * @namespace BDD
- * @public
- */
-Assertion.addProperty('empty', function () {
-  var val = flag(this, 'object')
-    , ssfi = flag(this, 'ssfi')
-    , flagMsg = flag(this, 'message')
-    , itemsCount;
-
-  flagMsg = flagMsg ? flagMsg + ': ' : '';
-
-  switch (_.type(val).toLowerCase()) {
-    case 'array':
-    case 'string':
-      itemsCount = val.length;
-      break;
-    case 'map':
-    case 'set':
-      itemsCount = val.size;
-      break;
-    case 'weakmap':
-    case 'weakset':
-      throw new AssertionError(
-        flagMsg + '.empty was passed a weak collection',
-        undefined,
-        ssfi
-      );
-    case 'function':
-      var msg = flagMsg + '.empty was passed a function ' + _.getName(val);
-      throw new AssertionError(msg.trim(), undefined, ssfi);
-    default:
-      if (val !== Object(val)) {
-        throw new AssertionError(
-          flagMsg + '.empty was passed non-string primitive ' + _.inspect(val),
-          undefined,
-          ssfi
-        );
-      }
-      itemsCount = Object.keys(val).length;
-  }
-
-  this.assert(
-      0 === itemsCount
-    , 'expected #{this} to be empty'
-    , 'expected #{this} not to be empty'
-  );
-});
-
-/**
- * ### .arguments
- *
- * Asserts that the target is an `arguments` object.
- *
- *     function test () {
- *         expect(arguments).to.be.arguments;
- *     }
- *
- *     test();
- *
- * Add `.not` earlier in the chain to negate `.arguments`. However, it's often
- * best to assert which type the target is expected to be, rather than
- * asserting that it’s not an `arguments` object.
- *
- *     expect('foo').to.be.a('string'); // Recommended
- *     expect('foo').to.not.be.arguments; // Not recommended
- *
- * A custom error message can be given as the second argument to `expect`.
- *
- *     expect({}, 'nooo why fail??').to.be.arguments;
- *
- * The alias `.Arguments` can be used interchangeably with `.arguments`.
- *
- * @name arguments
- * @alias Arguments
- * @namespace BDD
- * @public
- */
-function checkArguments () {
-  var obj = flag(this, 'object')
-    , type = _.type(obj);
-  this.assert(
-      'Arguments' === type
-    , 'expected #{this} to be arguments but got ' + type
-    , 'expected #{this} to not be arguments'
-  );
-}
-
-Assertion.addProperty('arguments', checkArguments);
-Assertion.addProperty('Arguments', checkArguments);
-
-/**
- * ### .equal(val[, msg])
- *
- * Asserts that the target is strictly (`===`) equal to the given `val`.
- *
- *     expect(1).to.equal(1);
- *     expect('foo').to.equal('foo');
- *
- * Add `.deep` earlier in the chain to use deep equality instead. See the
- * `deep-eql` project page for info on the deep equality algorithm:
- * https://github.com/chaijs/deep-eql.
- *
- *     // Target object deeply (but not strictly) equals `{a: 1}`
- *     expect({a: 1}).to.deep.equal({a: 1});
- *     expect({a: 1}).to.not.equal({a: 1});
- *
- *     // Target array deeply (but not strictly) equals `[1, 2]`
- *     expect([1, 2]).to.deep.equal([1, 2]);
- *     expect([1, 2]).to.not.equal([1, 2]);
- *
- * Add `.not` earlier in the chain to negate `.equal`. However, it's often
- * best to assert that the target is equal to its expected value, rather than
- * not equal to one of countless unexpected values.
- *
- *     expect(1).to.equal(1); // Recommended
- *     expect(1).to.not.equal(2); // Not recommended
- *
- * `.equal` accepts an optional `msg` argument which is a custom error message
- * to show when the assertion fails. The message can also be given as the
- * second argument to `expect`.
- *
- *     expect(1).to.equal(2, 'nooo why fail??');
- *     expect(1, 'nooo why fail??').to.equal(2);
- *
- * The aliases `.equals` and `eq` can be used interchangeably with `.equal`.
- *
- * @name equal
- * @alias equals
- * @alias eq
- * @param {unknown} val
- * @param {string} msg _optional_
- * @namespace BDD
- * @public
- */
-function assertEqual (val, msg) {
-  if (msg) flag(this, 'message', msg);
-  var obj = flag(this, 'object');
-  if (flag(this, 'deep')) {
-    var prevLockSsfi = flag(this, 'lockSsfi');
-    flag(this, 'lockSsfi', true);
-    this.eql(val);
-    flag(this, 'lockSsfi', prevLockSsfi);
-  } else {
-    this.assert(
-        val === obj
-      , 'expected #{this} to equal #{exp}'
-      , 'expected #{this} to not equal #{exp}'
-      , val
-      , this._obj
-      , true
-    );
-  }
-}
-
-Assertion.addMethod('equal', assertEqual);
-Assertion.addMethod('equals', assertEqual);
-Assertion.addMethod('eq', assertEqual);
-
-/**
- * ### .eql(obj[, msg])
- *
- * Asserts that the target is deeply equal to the given `obj`. See the
- * `deep-eql` project page for info on the deep equality algorithm:
- * https://github.com/chaijs/deep-eql.
- *
- *     // Target object is deeply (but not strictly) equal to {a: 1}
- *     expect({a: 1}).to.eql({a: 1}).but.not.equal({a: 1});
- *
- *     // Target array is deeply (but not strictly) equal to [1, 2]
- *     expect([1, 2]).to.eql([1, 2]).but.not.equal([1, 2]);
- *
- * Add `.not` earlier in the chain to negate `.eql`. However, it's often best
- * to assert that the target is deeply equal to its expected value, rather
- * than not deeply equal to one of countless unexpected values.
- *
- *     expect({a: 1}).to.eql({a: 1}); // Recommended
- *     expect({a: 1}).to.not.eql({b: 2}); // Not recommended
- *
- * `.eql` accepts an optional `msg` argument which is a custom error message
- * to show when the assertion fails. The message can also be given as the
- * second argument to `expect`.
- *
- *     expect({a: 1}).to.eql({b: 2}, 'nooo why fail??');
- *     expect({a: 1}, 'nooo why fail??').to.eql({b: 2});
- *
- * The alias `.eqls` can be used interchangeably with `.eql`.
- *
- * The `.deep.equal` assertion is almost identical to `.eql` but with one
- * difference: `.deep.equal` causes deep equality comparisons to also be used
- * for any other assertions that follow in the chain.
- *
- * @name eql
- * @alias eqls
- * @param {unknown} obj
- * @param {string} msg _optional_
- * @namespace BDD
- * @public
- */
-function assertEql(obj, msg) {
-  if (msg) flag(this, 'message', msg);
-  var eql = flag(this, 'eql');
-  this.assert(
-      eql(obj, flag(this, 'object'))
-    , 'expected #{this} to deeply equal #{exp}'
-    , 'expected #{this} to not deeply equal #{exp}'
-    , obj
-    , this._obj
-    , true
-  );
-}
-
-Assertion.addMethod('eql', assertEql);
-Assertion.addMethod('eqls', assertEql);
-
-/**
- * ### .above(n[, msg])
- *
- * Asserts that the target is a number or a date greater than the given number or date `n` respectively.
- * However, it's often best to assert that the target is equal to its expected
- * value.
- *
- *     expect(2).to.equal(2); // Recommended
- *     expect(2).to.be.above(1); // Not recommended
- *
- * Add `.lengthOf` earlier in the chain to assert that the target's `length`
- * or `size` is greater than the given number `n`.
- *
- *     expect('foo').to.have.lengthOf(3); // Recommended
- *     expect('foo').to.have.lengthOf.above(2); // Not recommended
- *
- *     expect([1, 2, 3]).to.have.lengthOf(3); // Recommended
- *     expect([1, 2, 3]).to.have.lengthOf.above(2); // Not recommended
- *
- * Add `.not` earlier in the chain to negate `.above`.
- *
- *     expect(2).to.equal(2); // Recommended
- *     expect(1).to.not.be.above(2); // Not recommended
- *
- * `.above` accepts an optional `msg` argument which is a custom error message
- * to show when the assertion fails. The message can also be given as the
- * second argument to `expect`.
- *
- *     expect(1).to.be.above(2, 'nooo why fail??');
- *     expect(1, 'nooo why fail??').to.be.above(2);
- *
- * The aliases `.gt` and `.greaterThan` can be used interchangeably with
- * `.above`.
- *
- * @name above
- * @alias gt
- * @alias greaterThan
- * @param {number} n
- * @param {string} msg _optional_
- * @namespace BDD
- * @public
- */
-function assertAbove (n, msg) {
-  if (msg) flag(this, 'message', msg);
-  var obj = flag(this, 'object')
-    , doLength = flag(this, 'doLength')
-    , flagMsg = flag(this, 'message')
-    , msgPrefix = ((flagMsg) ? flagMsg + ': ' : '')
-    , ssfi = flag(this, 'ssfi')
-    , objType = _.type(obj).toLowerCase()
-    , nType = _.type(n).toLowerCase()
-    , errorMessage
-    , shouldThrow = true;
-
-  if (doLength && objType !== 'map' && objType !== 'set') {
-    new Assertion(obj, flagMsg, ssfi, true).to.have.property('length');
-  }
-
-  if (!doLength && (objType === 'date' && nType !== 'date')) {
-    errorMessage = msgPrefix + 'the argument to above must be a date';
-  } else if (nType !== 'number' && (doLength || objType === 'number')) {
-    errorMessage = msgPrefix + 'the argument to above must be a number';
-  } else if (!doLength && (objType !== 'date' && objType !== 'number')) {
-    var printObj = (objType === 'string') ? "'" + obj + "'" : obj;
-    errorMessage = msgPrefix + 'expected ' + printObj + ' to be a number or a date';
-  } else {
-    shouldThrow = false;
-  }
-
-  if (shouldThrow) {
-    throw new AssertionError(errorMessage, undefined, ssfi);
-  }
-
-  if (doLength) {
-    var descriptor = 'length'
-      , itemsCount;
-    if (objType === 'map' || objType === 'set') {
-      descriptor = 'size';
-      itemsCount = obj.size;
-    } else {
-      itemsCount = obj.length;
-    }
-    this.assert(
-        itemsCount > n
-      , 'expected #{this} to have a ' + descriptor + ' above #{exp} but got #{act}'
-      , 'expected #{this} to not have a ' + descriptor + ' above #{exp}'
-      , n
-      , itemsCount
-    );
-  } else {
-    this.assert(
-        obj > n
-      , 'expected #{this} to be above #{exp}'
-      , 'expected #{this} to be at most #{exp}'
-      , n
-    );
-  }
-}
-
-Assertion.addMethod('above', assertAbove);
-Assertion.addMethod('gt', assertAbove);
-Assertion.addMethod('greaterThan', assertAbove);
-
-/**
- * ### .least(n[, msg])
- *
- * Asserts that the target is a number or a date greater than or equal to the given
- * number or date `n` respectively. However, it's often best to assert that the target is equal to
- * its expected value.
- *
- *     expect(2).to.equal(2); // Recommended
- *     expect(2).to.be.at.least(1); // Not recommended
- *     expect(2).to.be.at.least(2); // Not recommended
- *
- * Add `.lengthOf` earlier in the chain to assert that the target's `length`
- * or `size` is greater than or equal to the given number `n`.
- *
- *     expect('foo').to.have.lengthOf(3); // Recommended
- *     expect('foo').to.have.lengthOf.at.least(2); // Not recommended
- *
- *     expect([1, 2, 3]).to.have.lengthOf(3); // Recommended
- *     expect([1, 2, 3]).to.have.lengthOf.at.least(2); // Not recommended
- *
- * Add `.not` earlier in the chain to negate `.least`.
- *
- *     expect(1).to.equal(1); // Recommended
- *     expect(1).to.not.be.at.least(2); // Not recommended
- *
- * `.least` accepts an optional `msg` argument which is a custom error message
- * to show when the assertion fails. The message can also be given as the
- * second argument to `expect`.
- *
- *     expect(1).to.be.at.least(2, 'nooo why fail??');
- *     expect(1, 'nooo why fail??').to.be.at.least(2);
- *
- * The aliases `.gte` and `.greaterThanOrEqual` can be used interchangeably with
- * `.least`.
- *
- * @name least
- * @alias gte
- * @alias greaterThanOrEqual
- * @param {number} n
- * @param {string} msg _optional_
- * @namespace BDD
- * @public
- */
-function assertLeast (n, msg) {
-  if (msg) flag(this, 'message', msg);
-  var obj = flag(this, 'object')
-    , doLength = flag(this, 'doLength')
-    , flagMsg = flag(this, 'message')
-    , msgPrefix = ((flagMsg) ? flagMsg + ': ' : '')
-    , ssfi = flag(this, 'ssfi')
-    , objType = _.type(obj).toLowerCase()
-    , nType = _.type(n).toLowerCase()
-    , errorMessage
-    , shouldThrow = true;
-
-  if (doLength && objType !== 'map' && objType !== 'set') {
-    new Assertion(obj, flagMsg, ssfi, true).to.have.property('length');
-  }
-
-  if (!doLength && (objType === 'date' && nType !== 'date')) {
-    errorMessage = msgPrefix + 'the argument to least must be a date';
-  } else if (nType !== 'number' && (doLength || objType === 'number')) {
-    errorMessage = msgPrefix + 'the argument to least must be a number';
-  } else if (!doLength && (objType !== 'date' && objType !== 'number')) {
-    var printObj = (objType === 'string') ? "'" + obj + "'" : obj;
-    errorMessage = msgPrefix + 'expected ' + printObj + ' to be a number or a date';
-  } else {
-    shouldThrow = false;
-  }
-
-  if (shouldThrow) {
-    throw new AssertionError(errorMessage, undefined, ssfi);
-  }
-
-  if (doLength) {
-    var descriptor = 'length'
-      , itemsCount;
-    if (objType === 'map' || objType === 'set') {
-      descriptor = 'size';
-      itemsCount = obj.size;
-    } else {
-      itemsCount = obj.length;
-    }
-    this.assert(
-        itemsCount >= n
-      , 'expected #{this} to have a ' + descriptor + ' at least #{exp} but got #{act}'
-      , 'expected #{this} to have a ' + descriptor + ' below #{exp}'
-      , n
-      , itemsCount
-    );
-  } else {
-    this.assert(
-        obj >= n
-      , 'expected #{this} to be at least #{exp}'
-      , 'expected #{this} to be below #{exp}'
-      , n
-    );
-  }
-}
-
-Assertion.addMethod('least', assertLeast);
-Assertion.addMethod('gte', assertLeast);
-Assertion.addMethod('greaterThanOrEqual', assertLeast);
-
-/**
- * ### .below(n[, msg])
- *
- * Asserts that the target is a number or a date less than the given number or date `n` respectively.
- * However, it's often best to assert that the target is equal to its expected
- * value.
- *
- *     expect(1).to.equal(1); // Recommended
- *     expect(1).to.be.below(2); // Not recommended
- *
- * Add `.lengthOf` earlier in the chain to assert that the target's `length`
- * or `size` is less than the given number `n`.
- *
- *     expect('foo').to.have.lengthOf(3); // Recommended
- *     expect('foo').to.have.lengthOf.below(4); // Not recommended
- *
- *     expect([1, 2, 3]).to.have.length(3); // Recommended
- *     expect([1, 2, 3]).to.have.lengthOf.below(4); // Not recommended
- *
- * Add `.not` earlier in the chain to negate `.below`.
- *
- *     expect(2).to.equal(2); // Recommended
- *     expect(2).to.not.be.below(1); // Not recommended
- *
- * `.below` accepts an optional `msg` argument which is a custom error message
- * to show when the assertion fails. The message can also be given as the
- * second argument to `expect`.
- *
- *     expect(2).to.be.below(1, 'nooo why fail??');
- *     expect(2, 'nooo why fail??').to.be.below(1);
- *
- * The aliases `.lt` and `.lessThan` can be used interchangeably with
- * `.below`.
- *
- * @name below
- * @alias lt
- * @alias lessThan
- * @param {number} n
- * @param {string} msg _optional_
- * @namespace BDD
- * @public
- */
-function assertBelow (n, msg) {
-  if (msg) flag(this, 'message', msg);
-  var obj = flag(this, 'object')
-    , doLength = flag(this, 'doLength')
-    , flagMsg = flag(this, 'message')
-    , msgPrefix = ((flagMsg) ? flagMsg + ': ' : '')
-    , ssfi = flag(this, 'ssfi')
-    , objType = _.type(obj).toLowerCase()
-    , nType = _.type(n).toLowerCase()
-    , errorMessage
-    , shouldThrow = true;
-
-  if (doLength && objType !== 'map' && objType !== 'set') {
-    new Assertion(obj, flagMsg, ssfi, true).to.have.property('length');
-  }
-
-  if (!doLength && (objType === 'date' && nType !== 'date')) {
-    errorMessage = msgPrefix + 'the argument to below must be a date';
-  } else if (nType !== 'number' && (doLength || objType === 'number')) {
-    errorMessage = msgPrefix + 'the argument to below must be a number';
-  } else if (!doLength && (objType !== 'date' && objType !== 'number')) {
-    var printObj = (objType === 'string') ? "'" + obj + "'" : obj;
-    errorMessage = msgPrefix + 'expected ' + printObj + ' to be a number or a date';
-  } else {
-    shouldThrow = false;
-  }
-
-  if (shouldThrow) {
-    throw new AssertionError(errorMessage, undefined, ssfi);
-  }
-
-  if (doLength) {
-    var descriptor = 'length'
-      , itemsCount;
-    if (objType === 'map' || objType === 'set') {
-      descriptor = 'size';
-      itemsCount = obj.size;
-    } else {
-      itemsCount = obj.length;
-    }
-    this.assert(
-        itemsCount < n
-      , 'expected #{this} to have a ' + descriptor + ' below #{exp} but got #{act}'
-      , 'expected #{this} to not have a ' + descriptor + ' below #{exp}'
-      , n
-      , itemsCount
-    );
-  } else {
-    this.assert(
-        obj < n
-      , 'expected #{this} to be below #{exp}'
-      , 'expected #{this} to be at least #{exp}'
-      , n
-    );
-  }
-}
-
-Assertion.addMethod('below', assertBelow);
-Assertion.addMethod('lt', assertBelow);
-Assertion.addMethod('lessThan', assertBelow);
-
-/**
- * ### .most(n[, msg])
- *
- * Asserts that the target is a number or a date less than or equal to the given number
- * or date `n` respectively. However, it's often best to assert that the target is equal to its
- * expected value.
- *
- *     expect(1).to.equal(1); // Recommended
- *     expect(1).to.be.at.most(2); // Not recommended
- *     expect(1).to.be.at.most(1); // Not recommended
- *
- * Add `.lengthOf` earlier in the chain to assert that the target's `length`
- * or `size` is less than or equal to the given number `n`.
- *
- *     expect('foo').to.have.lengthOf(3); // Recommended
- *     expect('foo').to.have.lengthOf.at.most(4); // Not recommended
- *
- *     expect([1, 2, 3]).to.have.lengthOf(3); // Recommended
- *     expect([1, 2, 3]).to.have.lengthOf.at.most(4); // Not recommended
- *
- * Add `.not` earlier in the chain to negate `.most`.
- *
- *     expect(2).to.equal(2); // Recommended
- *     expect(2).to.not.be.at.most(1); // Not recommended
- *
- * `.most` accepts an optional `msg` argument which is a custom error message
- * to show when the assertion fails. The message can also be given as the
- * second argument to `expect`.
- *
- *     expect(2).to.be.at.most(1, 'nooo why fail??');
- *     expect(2, 'nooo why fail??').to.be.at.most(1);
- *
- * The aliases `.lte` and `.lessThanOrEqual` can be used interchangeably with
- * `.most`.
- *
- * @name most
- * @alias lte
- * @alias lessThanOrEqual
- * @param {number} n
- * @param {string} msg _optional_
- * @namespace BDD
- * @public
- */
-function assertMost (n, msg) {
-  if (msg) flag(this, 'message', msg);
-  var obj = flag(this, 'object')
-    , doLength = flag(this, 'doLength')
-    , flagMsg = flag(this, 'message')
-    , msgPrefix = ((flagMsg) ? flagMsg + ': ' : '')
-    , ssfi = flag(this, 'ssfi')
-    , objType = _.type(obj).toLowerCase()
-    , nType = _.type(n).toLowerCase()
-    , errorMessage
-    , shouldThrow = true;
-
-  if (doLength && objType !== 'map' && objType !== 'set') {
-    new Assertion(obj, flagMsg, ssfi, true).to.have.property('length');
-  }
-
-  if (!doLength && (objType === 'date' && nType !== 'date')) {
-    errorMessage = msgPrefix + 'the argument to most must be a date';
-  } else if (nType !== 'number' && (doLength || objType === 'number')) {
-    errorMessage = msgPrefix + 'the argument to most must be a number';
-  } else if (!doLength && (objType !== 'date' && objType !== 'number')) {
-    var printObj = (objType === 'string') ? "'" + obj + "'" : obj;
-    errorMessage = msgPrefix + 'expected ' + printObj + ' to be a number or a date';
-  } else {
-    shouldThrow = false;
-  }
-
-  if (shouldThrow) {
-    throw new AssertionError(errorMessage, undefined, ssfi);
-  }
-
-  if (doLength) {
-    var descriptor = 'length'
-      , itemsCount;
-    if (objType === 'map' || objType === 'set') {
-      descriptor = 'size';
-      itemsCount = obj.size;
-    } else {
-      itemsCount = obj.length;
-    }
-    this.assert(
-        itemsCount <= n
-      , 'expected #{this} to have a ' + descriptor + ' at most #{exp} but got #{act}'
-      , 'expected #{this} to have a ' + descriptor + ' above #{exp}'
-      , n
-      , itemsCount
-    );
-  } else {
-    this.assert(
-        obj <= n
-      , 'expected #{this} to be at most #{exp}'
-      , 'expected #{this} to be above #{exp}'
-      , n
-    );
-  }
-}
-
-Assertion.addMethod('most', assertMost);
-Assertion.addMethod('lte', assertMost);
-Assertion.addMethod('lessThanOrEqual', assertMost);
-
-/**
- * ### .within(start, finish[, msg])
- *
- * Asserts that the target is a number or a date greater than or equal to the given
- * number or date `start`, and less than or equal to the given number or date `finish` respectively.
- * However, it's often best to assert that the target is equal to its expected
- * value.
- *
- *     expect(2).to.equal(2); // Recommended
- *     expect(2).to.be.within(1, 3); // Not recommended
- *     expect(2).to.be.within(2, 3); // Not recommended
- *     expect(2).to.be.within(1, 2); // Not recommended
- *
- * Add `.lengthOf` earlier in the chain to assert that the target's `length`
- * or `size` is greater than or equal to the given number `start`, and less
- * than or equal to the given number `finish`.
- *
- *     expect('foo').to.have.lengthOf(3); // Recommended
- *     expect('foo').to.have.lengthOf.within(2, 4); // Not recommended
- *
- *     expect([1, 2, 3]).to.have.lengthOf(3); // Recommended
- *     expect([1, 2, 3]).to.have.lengthOf.within(2, 4); // Not recommended
- *
- * Add `.not` earlier in the chain to negate `.within`.
- *
- *     expect(1).to.equal(1); // Recommended
- *     expect(1).to.not.be.within(2, 4); // Not recommended
- *
- * `.within` accepts an optional `msg` argument which is a custom error
- * message to show when the assertion fails. The message can also be given as
- * the second argument to `expect`.
- *
- *     expect(4).to.be.within(1, 3, 'nooo why fail??');
- *     expect(4, 'nooo why fail??').to.be.within(1, 3);
- *
- * @name within
- * @param {number} start lower bound inclusive
- * @param {number} finish upper bound inclusive
- * @param {string} msg _optional_
- * @namespace BDD
- * @public
- */
-Assertion.addMethod('within', function (start, finish, msg) {
-  if (msg) flag(this, 'message', msg);
-  var obj = flag(this, 'object')
-    , doLength = flag(this, 'doLength')
-    , flagMsg = flag(this, 'message')
-    , msgPrefix = ((flagMsg) ? flagMsg + ': ' : '')
-    , ssfi = flag(this, 'ssfi')
-    , objType = _.type(obj).toLowerCase()
-    , startType = _.type(start).toLowerCase()
-    , finishType = _.type(finish).toLowerCase()
-    , errorMessage
-    , shouldThrow = true
-    , range = (startType === 'date' && finishType === 'date')
-        ? start.toISOString() + '..' + finish.toISOString()
-        : start + '..' + finish;
-
-  if (doLength && objType !== 'map' && objType !== 'set') {
-    new Assertion(obj, flagMsg, ssfi, true).to.have.property('length');
-  }
-
-  if (!doLength && (objType === 'date' && (startType !== 'date' || finishType !== 'date'))) {
-    errorMessage = msgPrefix + 'the arguments to within must be dates';
-  } else if ((startType !== 'number' || finishType !== 'number') && (doLength || objType === 'number')) {
-    errorMessage = msgPrefix + 'the arguments to within must be numbers';
-  } else if (!doLength && (objType !== 'date' && objType !== 'number')) {
-    var printObj = (objType === 'string') ? "'" + obj + "'" : obj;
-    errorMessage = msgPrefix + 'expected ' + printObj + ' to be a number or a date';
-  } else {
-    shouldThrow = false;
-  }
-
-  if (shouldThrow) {
-    throw new AssertionError(errorMessage, undefined, ssfi);
-  }
-
-  if (doLength) {
-    var descriptor = 'length'
-      , itemsCount;
-    if (objType === 'map' || objType === 'set') {
-      descriptor = 'size';
-      itemsCount = obj.size;
-    } else {
-      itemsCount = obj.length;
-    }
-    this.assert(
-        itemsCount >= start && itemsCount <= finish
-      , 'expected #{this} to have a ' + descriptor + ' within ' + range
-      , 'expected #{this} to not have a ' + descriptor + ' within ' + range
-    );
-  } else {
-    this.assert(
-        obj >= start && obj <= finish
-      , 'expected #{this} to be within ' + range
-      , 'expected #{this} to not be within ' + range
-    );
-  }
-});
-
-/**
- * ### .instanceof(constructor[, msg])
- *
- * Asserts that the target is an instance of the given `constructor`.
- *
- *     function Cat () { }
- *
- *     expect(new Cat()).to.be.an.instanceof(Cat);
- *     expect([1, 2]).to.be.an.instanceof(Array);
- *
- * Add `.not` earlier in the chain to negate `.instanceof`.
- *
- *     expect({a: 1}).to.not.be.an.instanceof(Array);
- *
- * `.instanceof` accepts an optional `msg` argument which is a custom error
- * message to show when the assertion fails. The message can also be given as
- * the second argument to `expect`.
- *
- *     expect(1).to.be.an.instanceof(Array, 'nooo why fail??');
- *     expect(1, 'nooo why fail??').to.be.an.instanceof(Array);
- *
- * Due to limitations in ES5, `.instanceof` may not always work as expected
- * when using a transpiler such as Babel or TypeScript. In particular, it may
- * produce unexpected results when subclassing built-in object such as
- * `Array`, `Error`, and `Map`. See your transpiler's docs for details:
- *
- * - ([Babel](https://babeljs.io/docs/usage/caveats/#classes))
- * - ([TypeScript](https://github.com/Microsoft/TypeScript/wiki/Breaking-Changes#extending-built-ins-like-error-array-and-map-may-no-longer-work))
- *
- * The alias `.instanceOf` can be used interchangeably with `.instanceof`.
- *
- * @name instanceof
- * @param {unknown} constructor
- * @param {string} msg _optional_
- * @alias instanceOf
- * @namespace BDD
- * @public
- */
-function assertInstanceOf (constructor, msg) {
-  if (msg) flag(this, 'message', msg);
-
-  var target = flag(this, 'object')
-  var ssfi = flag(this, 'ssfi');
-  var flagMsg = flag(this, 'message');
-
-  try {
-    var isInstanceOf = target instanceof constructor;
-  } catch (err) {
-    if (err instanceof TypeError) {
-      flagMsg = flagMsg ? flagMsg + ': ' : '';
-      throw new AssertionError(
-        flagMsg + 'The instanceof assertion needs a constructor but '
-          + _.type(constructor) + ' was given.',
-        undefined,
-        ssfi
-      );
-    }
-    throw err;
-  }
-
-  var name = _.getName(constructor);
-  if (name == null) {
-    name = 'an unnamed constructor';
-  }
-
-  this.assert(
-      isInstanceOf
-    , 'expected #{this} to be an instance of ' + name
-    , 'expected #{this} to not be an instance of ' + name
-  );
-};
-
-Assertion.addMethod('instanceof', assertInstanceOf);
-Assertion.addMethod('instanceOf', assertInstanceOf);
-
-/**
- * ### .property(name[, val[, msg]])
- *
- * Asserts that the target has a property with the given key `name`.
- *
- *     expect({a: 1}).to.have.property('a');
- *
- * When `val` is provided, `.property` also asserts that the property's value
- * is equal to the given `val`.
- *
- *     expect({a: 1}).to.have.property('a', 1);
- *
- * By default, strict (`===`) equality is used. Add `.deep` earlier in the
- * chain to use deep equality instead. See the `deep-eql` project page for
- * info on the deep equality algorithm: https://github.com/chaijs/deep-eql.
- *
- *     // Target object deeply (but not strictly) has property `x: {a: 1}`
- *     expect({x: {a: 1}}).to.have.deep.property('x', {a: 1});
- *     expect({x: {a: 1}}).to.not.have.property('x', {a: 1});
- *
- * The target's enumerable and non-enumerable properties are always included
- * in the search. By default, both own and inherited properties are included.
- * Add `.own` earlier in the chain to exclude inherited properties from the
- * search.
- *
- *     Object.prototype.b = 2;
- *
- *     expect({a: 1}).to.have.own.property('a');
- *     expect({a: 1}).to.have.own.property('a', 1);
- *     expect({a: 1}).to.have.property('b');
- *     expect({a: 1}).to.not.have.own.property('b');
- *
- * `.deep` and `.own` can be combined.
- *
- *     expect({x: {a: 1}}).to.have.deep.own.property('x', {a: 1});
- *
- * Add `.nested` earlier in the chain to enable dot- and bracket-notation when
- * referencing nested properties.
- *
- *     expect({a: {b: ['x', 'y']}}).to.have.nested.property('a.b[1]');
- *     expect({a: {b: ['x', 'y']}}).to.have.nested.property('a.b[1]', 'y');
- *
- * If `.` or `[]` are part of an actual property name, they can be escaped by
- * adding two backslashes before them.
- *
- *     expect({'.a': {'[b]': 'x'}}).to.have.nested.property('\\.a.\\[b\\]');
- *
- * `.deep` and `.nested` can be combined.
- *
- *     expect({a: {b: [{c: 3}]}})
- *       .to.have.deep.nested.property('a.b[0]', {c: 3});
- *
- * `.own` and `.nested` cannot be combined.
- *
- * Add `.not` earlier in the chain to negate `.property`.
- *
- *     expect({a: 1}).to.not.have.property('b');
- *
- * However, it's dangerous to negate `.property` when providing `val`. The
- * problem is that it creates uncertain expectations by asserting that the
- * target either doesn't have a property with the given key `name`, or that it
- * does have a property with the given key `name` but its value isn't equal to
- * the given `val`. It's often best to identify the exact output that's
- * expected, and then write an assertion that only accepts that exact output.
- *
- * When the target isn't expected to have a property with the given key
- * `name`, it's often best to assert exactly that.
- *
- *     expect({b: 2}).to.not.have.property('a'); // Recommended
- *     expect({b: 2}).to.not.have.property('a', 1); // Not recommended
- *
- * When the target is expected to have a property with the given key `name`,
- * it's often best to assert that the property has its expected value, rather
- * than asserting that it doesn't have one of many unexpected values.
- *
- *     expect({a: 3}).to.have.property('a', 3); // Recommended
- *     expect({a: 3}).to.not.have.property('a', 1); // Not recommended
- *
- * `.property` changes the target of any assertions that follow in the chain
- * to be the value of the property from the original target object.
- *
- *     expect({a: 1}).to.have.property('a').that.is.a('number');
- *
- * `.property` accepts an optional `msg` argument which is a custom error
- * message to show when the assertion fails. The message can also be given as
- * the second argument to `expect`. When not providing `val`, only use the
- * second form.
- *
- *     // Recommended
- *     expect({a: 1}).to.have.property('a', 2, 'nooo why fail??');
- *     expect({a: 1}, 'nooo why fail??').to.have.property('a', 2);
- *     expect({a: 1}, 'nooo why fail??').to.have.property('b');
- *
- *     // Not recommended
- *     expect({a: 1}).to.have.property('b', undefined, 'nooo why fail??');
- *
- * The above assertion isn't the same thing as not providing `val`. Instead,
- * it's asserting that the target object has a `b` property that's equal to
- * `undefined`.
- *
- * The assertions `.ownProperty` and `.haveOwnProperty` can be used
- * interchangeably with `.own.property`.
- *
- * @name property
- * @param {string} name
- * @param {unknown} val (optional)
- * @param {string} msg _optional_
- * @namespace BDD
- * @public
- */
-function assertProperty (name, val, msg) {
-  if (msg) flag(this, 'message', msg);
-
-  var isNested = flag(this, 'nested')
-    , isOwn = flag(this, 'own')
-    , flagMsg = flag(this, 'message')
-    , obj = flag(this, 'object')
-    , ssfi = flag(this, 'ssfi')
-    , nameType = typeof name;
-
-  flagMsg = flagMsg ? flagMsg + ': ' : '';
-
-  if (isNested) {
-    if (nameType !== 'string') {
-      throw new AssertionError(
-        flagMsg + 'the argument to property must be a string when using nested syntax',
-        undefined,
-        ssfi
-      );
-    }
-  } else {
-    if (nameType !== 'string' && nameType !== 'number' && nameType !== 'symbol') {
-      throw new AssertionError(
-        flagMsg + 'the argument to property must be a string, number, or symbol',
-        undefined,
-        ssfi
-      );
-    }
-  }
-
-  if (isNested && isOwn) {
-    throw new AssertionError(
-      flagMsg + 'The "nested" and "own" flags cannot be combined.',
-      undefined,
-      ssfi
-    );
-  }
-
-  if (obj === null || obj === undefined) {
-    throw new AssertionError(
-      flagMsg + 'Target cannot be null or undefined.',
-      undefined,
-      ssfi
-    );
-  }
-
-  var isDeep = flag(this, 'deep')
-    , negate = flag(this, 'negate')
-    , pathInfo = isNested ? _.getPathInfo(obj, name) : null
-    , value = isNested ? pathInfo.value : obj[name]
-    , isEql = isDeep ? flag(this, 'eql') : (val1, val2) => val1 === val2;
-
-  var descriptor = '';
-  if (isDeep) descriptor += 'deep ';
-  if (isOwn) descriptor += 'own ';
-  if (isNested) descriptor += 'nested ';
-  descriptor += 'property ';
-
-  var hasProperty;
-  if (isOwn) hasProperty = Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(obj, name);
-  else if (isNested) hasProperty = pathInfo.exists;
-  else hasProperty = _.hasProperty(obj, name);
-
-  // When performing a negated assertion for both name and val, merely having
-  // a property with the given name isn't enough to cause the assertion to
-  // fail. It must both have a property with the given name, and the value of
-  // that property must equal the given val. Therefore, skip this assertion in
-  // favor of the next.
-  if (!negate || arguments.length === 1) {
-    this.assert(
-        hasProperty
-      , 'expected #{this} to have ' + descriptor + _.inspect(name)
-      , 'expected #{this} to not have ' + descriptor + _.inspect(name));
-  }
-
-  if (arguments.length > 1) {
-    this.assert(
-      hasProperty && isEql(val, value)
-      , 'expected #{this} to have ' + descriptor + _.inspect(name) + ' of #{exp}, but got #{act}'
-      , 'expected #{this} to not have ' + descriptor + _.inspect(name) + ' of #{act}'
-      , val
-      , value
-    );
-  }
-
-  flag(this, 'object', value);
-}
-
-Assertion.addMethod('property', assertProperty);
-
-/**
- *
- * @param {unknown} name
- * @param {unknown} value
- * @param {string} msg
- */
-function assertOwnProperty (name, value, msg) {
-  flag(this, 'own', true);
-  assertProperty.apply(this, arguments);
-}
-
-Assertion.addMethod('ownProperty', assertOwnProperty);
-Assertion.addMethod('haveOwnProperty', assertOwnProperty);
-
-/**
- * ### .ownPropertyDescriptor(name[, descriptor[, msg]])
- *
- * Asserts that the target has its own property descriptor with the given key
- * `name`. Enumerable and non-enumerable properties are included in the
- * search.
- *
- *     expect({a: 1}).to.have.ownPropertyDescriptor('a');
- *
- * When `descriptor` is provided, `.ownPropertyDescriptor` also asserts that
- * the property's descriptor is deeply equal to the given `descriptor`. See
- * the `deep-eql` project page for info on the deep equality algorithm:
- * https://github.com/chaijs/deep-eql.
- *
- *     expect({a: 1}).to.have.ownPropertyDescriptor('a', {
- *         configurable: true,
- *         enumerable: true,
- *         writable: true,
- *         value: 1,
- *     });
- *
- * Add `.not` earlier in the chain to negate `.ownPropertyDescriptor`.
- *
- *     expect({a: 1}).to.not.have.ownPropertyDescriptor('b');
- *
- * However, it's dangerous to negate `.ownPropertyDescriptor` when providing
- * a `descriptor`. The problem is that it creates uncertain expectations by
- * asserting that the target either doesn't have a property descriptor with
- * the given key `name`, or that it does have a property descriptor with the
- * given key `name` but it’s not deeply equal to the given `descriptor`. It's
- * often best to identify the exact output that's expected, and then write an
- * assertion that only accepts that exact output.
- *
- * When the target isn't expected to have a property descriptor with the given
- * key `name`, it's often best to assert exactly that.
- *
- *     // Recommended
- *     expect({b: 2}).to.not.have.ownPropertyDescriptor('a');
- *
- *     // Not recommended
- *     expect({b: 2}).to.not.have.ownPropertyDescriptor('a', {
- *         configurable: true,
- *         enumerable: true,
- *         writable: true,
- *         value: 1,
- *     });
- *
- * When the target is expected to have a property descriptor with the given
- * key `name`, it's often best to assert that the property has its expected
- * descriptor, rather than asserting that it doesn't have one of many
- * unexpected descriptors.
- *
- *     // Recommended
- *     expect({a: 3}).to.have.ownPropertyDescriptor('a', {
- *         configurable: true,
- *         enumerable: true,
- *         writable: true,
- *         value: 3,
- *     });
- *
- *     // Not recommended
- *     expect({a: 3}).to.not.have.ownPropertyDescriptor('a', {
- *         configurable: true,
- *         enumerable: true,
- *         writable: true,
- *         value: 1,
- *     });
- *
- * `.ownPropertyDescriptor` changes the target of any assertions that follow
- * in the chain to be the value of the property descriptor from the original
- * target object.
- *
- *     expect({a: 1}).to.have.ownPropertyDescriptor('a')
- *       .that.has.property('enumerable', true);
- *
- * `.ownPropertyDescriptor` accepts an optional `msg` argument which is a
- * custom error message to show when the assertion fails. The message can also
- * be given as the second argument to `expect`. When not providing
- * `descriptor`, only use the second form.
- *
- *     // Recommended
- *     expect({a: 1}).to.have.ownPropertyDescriptor('a', {
- *         configurable: true,
- *         enumerable: true,
- *         writable: true,
- *         value: 2,
- *     }, 'nooo why fail??');
- *
- *     // Recommended
- *     expect({a: 1}, 'nooo why fail??').to.have.ownPropertyDescriptor('a', {
- *         configurable: true,
- *         enumerable: true,
- *         writable: true,
- *         value: 2,
- *     });
- *
- *     // Recommended
- *     expect({a: 1}, 'nooo why fail??').to.have.ownPropertyDescriptor('b');
- *
- *     // Not recommended
- *     expect({a: 1})
- *       .to.have.ownPropertyDescriptor('b', undefined, 'nooo why fail??');
- *
- * The above assertion isn't the same thing as not providing `descriptor`.
- * Instead, it's asserting that the target object has a `b` property
- * descriptor that's deeply equal to `undefined`.
- *
- * The alias `.haveOwnPropertyDescriptor` can be used interchangeably with
- * `.ownPropertyDescriptor`.
- *
- * @name ownPropertyDescriptor
- * @alias haveOwnPropertyDescriptor
- * @param {string} name
- * @param {object} descriptor _optional_
- * @param {string} msg _optional_
- * @namespace BDD
- * @public
- */
-function assertOwnPropertyDescriptor (name, descriptor, msg) {
-  if (typeof descriptor === 'string') {
-    msg = descriptor;
-    descriptor = null;
-  }
-  if (msg) flag(this, 'message', msg);
-  var obj = flag(this, 'object');
-  var actualDescriptor = Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(Object(obj), name);
-  var eql = flag(this, 'eql');
-  if (actualDescriptor && descriptor) {
-    this.assert(
-        eql(descriptor, actualDescriptor)
-      , 'expected the own property descriptor for ' + _.inspect(name) + ' on #{this} to match ' + _.inspect(descriptor) + ', got ' + _.inspect(actualDescriptor)
-      , 'expected the own property descriptor for ' + _.inspect(name) + ' on #{this} to not match ' + _.inspect(descriptor)
-      , descriptor
-      , actualDescriptor
-      , true
-    );
-  } else {
-    this.assert(
-        actualDescriptor
-      , 'expected #{this} to have an own property descriptor for ' + _.inspect(name)
-      , 'expected #{this} to not have an own property descriptor for ' + _.inspect(name)
-    );
-  }
-  flag(this, 'object', actualDescriptor);
-}
-
-Assertion.addMethod('ownPropertyDescriptor', assertOwnPropertyDescriptor);
-Assertion.addMethod('haveOwnPropertyDescriptor', assertOwnPropertyDescriptor);
-
-/**
- *
- */
-function assertLengthChain () {
-  flag(this, 'doLength', true);
-}
-
-/**
- * ### .lengthOf(n[, msg])
- *
- * Asserts that the target's `length` or `size` is equal to the given number
- * `n`.
- *
- *     expect([1, 2, 3]).to.have.lengthOf(3);
- *     expect('foo').to.have.lengthOf(3);
- *     expect(new Set([1, 2, 3])).to.have.lengthOf(3);
- *     expect(new Map([['a', 1], ['b', 2], ['c', 3]])).to.have.lengthOf(3);
- *
- * Add `.not` earlier in the chain to negate `.lengthOf`. However, it's often
- * best to assert that the target's `length` property is equal to its expected
- * value, rather than not equal to one of many unexpected values.
- *
- *     expect('foo').to.have.lengthOf(3); // Recommended
- *     expect('foo').to.not.have.lengthOf(4); // Not recommended
- *
- * `.lengthOf` accepts an optional `msg` argument which is a custom error
- * message to show when the assertion fails. The message can also be given as
- * the second argument to `expect`.
- *
- *     expect([1, 2, 3]).to.have.lengthOf(2, 'nooo why fail??');
- *     expect([1, 2, 3], 'nooo why fail??').to.have.lengthOf(2);
- *
- * `.lengthOf` can also be used as a language chain, causing all `.above`,
- * `.below`, `.least`, `.most`, and `.within` assertions that follow in the
- * chain to use the target's `length` property as the target. However, it's
- * often best to assert that the target's `length` property is equal to its
- * expected length, rather than asserting that its `length` property falls
- * within some range of values.
- *
- *     // Recommended
- *     expect([1, 2, 3]).to.have.lengthOf(3);
- *
- *     // Not recommended
- *     expect([1, 2, 3]).to.have.lengthOf.above(2);
- *     expect([1, 2, 3]).to.have.lengthOf.below(4);
- *     expect([1, 2, 3]).to.have.lengthOf.at.least(3);
- *     expect([1, 2, 3]).to.have.lengthOf.at.most(3);
- *     expect([1, 2, 3]).to.have.lengthOf.within(2,4);
- *
- * Due to a compatibility issue, the alias `.length` can't be chained directly
- * off of an uninvoked method such as `.a`. Therefore, `.length` can't be used
- * interchangeably with `.lengthOf` in every situation. It's recommended to
- * always use `.lengthOf` instead of `.length`.
- *
- *     expect([1, 2, 3]).to.have.a.length(3); // incompatible; throws error
- *     expect([1, 2, 3]).to.have.a.lengthOf(3);  // passes as expected
- *
- * @name lengthOf
- * @alias length
- * @param {number} n
- * @param {string} msg _optional_
- * @namespace BDD
- * @public
- */
-function assertLength (n, msg) {
-  if (msg) flag(this, 'message', msg);
-  var obj = flag(this, 'object')
-    , objType = _.type(obj).toLowerCase()
-    , flagMsg = flag(this, 'message')
-    , ssfi = flag(this, 'ssfi')
-    , descriptor = 'length'
-    , itemsCount;
-
-  switch (objType) {
-    case 'map':
-    case 'set':
-      descriptor = 'size';
-      itemsCount = obj.size;
-      break;
-    default:
-      new Assertion(obj, flagMsg, ssfi, true).to.have.property('length');
-      itemsCount = obj.length;
-  }
-
-  this.assert(
-      itemsCount == n
-    , 'expected #{this} to have a ' + descriptor + ' of #{exp} but got #{act}'
-    , 'expected #{this} to not have a ' + descriptor + ' of #{act}'
-    , n
-    , itemsCount
-  );
-}
-
-Assertion.addChainableMethod('length', assertLength, assertLengthChain);
-Assertion.addChainableMethod('lengthOf', assertLength, assertLengthChain);
-
-/**
- * ### .match(re[, msg])
- *
- * Asserts that the target matches the given regular expression `re`.
- *
- *     expect('foobar').to.match(/^foo/);
- *
- * Add `.not` earlier in the chain to negate `.match`.
- *
- *     expect('foobar').to.not.match(/taco/);
- *
- * `.match` accepts an optional `msg` argument which is a custom error message
- * to show when the assertion fails. The message can also be given as the
- * second argument to `expect`.
- *
- *     expect('foobar').to.match(/taco/, 'nooo why fail??');
- *     expect('foobar', 'nooo why fail??').to.match(/taco/);
- *
- * The alias `.matches` can be used interchangeably with `.match`.
- *
- * @name match
- * @alias matches
- * @param {RegExp} re
- * @param {string} msg _optional_
- * @namespace BDD
- * @public
- */
-function assertMatch(re, msg) {
-  if (msg) flag(this, 'message', msg);
-  var obj = flag(this, 'object');
-  this.assert(
-      re.exec(obj)
-    , 'expected #{this} to match ' + re
-    , 'expected #{this} not to match ' + re
-  );
-}
-
-Assertion.addMethod('match', assertMatch);
-Assertion.addMethod('matches', assertMatch);
-
-/**
- * ### .string(str[, msg])
- *
- * Asserts that the target string contains the given substring `str`.
- *
- *     expect('foobar').to.have.string('bar');
- *
- * Add `.not` earlier in the chain to negate `.string`.
- *
- *     expect('foobar').to.not.have.string('taco');
- *
- * `.string` accepts an optional `msg` argument which is a custom error
- * message to show when the assertion fails. The message can also be given as
- * the second argument to `expect`.
- *
- *     expect('foobar').to.have.string('taco', 'nooo why fail??');
- *     expect('foobar', 'nooo why fail??').to.have.string('taco');
- *
- * @name string
- * @param {string} str
- * @param {string} msg _optional_
- * @namespace BDD
- * @public
- */
-Assertion.addMethod('string', function (str, msg) {
-  if (msg) flag(this, 'message', msg);
-  var obj = flag(this, 'object')
-    , flagMsg = flag(this, 'message')
-    , ssfi = flag(this, 'ssfi');
-  new Assertion(obj, flagMsg, ssfi, true).is.a('string');
-
-  this.assert(
-      ~obj.indexOf(str)
-    , 'expected #{this} to contain ' + _.inspect(str)
-    , 'expected #{this} to not contain ' + _.inspect(str)
-  );
-});
-
-/**
- * ### .keys(key1[, key2[, ...]])
- *
- * Asserts that the target object, array, map, or set has the given keys. Only
- * the target's own inherited properties are included in the search.
- *
- * When the target is an object or array, keys can be provided as one or more
- * string arguments, a single array argument, or a single object argument. In
- * the latter case, only the keys in the given object matter; the values are
- * ignored.
- *
- *     expect({a: 1, b: 2}).to.have.all.keys('a', 'b');
- *     expect(['x', 'y']).to.have.all.keys(0, 1);
- *
- *     expect({a: 1, b: 2}).to.have.all.keys(['a', 'b']);
- *     expect(['x', 'y']).to.have.all.keys([0, 1]);
- *
- *     expect({a: 1, b: 2}).to.have.all.keys({a: 4, b: 5}); // ignore 4 and 5
- *     expect(['x', 'y']).to.have.all.keys({0: 4, 1: 5}); // ignore 4 and 5
- *
- * When the target is a map or set, each key must be provided as a separate
- * argument.
- *
- *     expect(new Map([['a', 1], ['b', 2]])).to.have.all.keys('a', 'b');
- *     expect(new Set(['a', 'b'])).to.have.all.keys('a', 'b');
- *
- * Because `.keys` does different things based on the target's type, it's
- * important to check the target's type before using `.keys`. See the `.a` doc
- * for info on testing a target's type.
- *
- *     expect({a: 1, b: 2}).to.be.an('object').that.has.all.keys('a', 'b');
- *
- * By default, strict (`===`) equality is used to compare keys of maps and
- * sets. Add `.deep` earlier in the chain to use deep equality instead. See
- * the `deep-eql` project page for info on the deep equality algorithm:
- * https://github.com/chaijs/deep-eql.
- *
- *     // Target set deeply (but not strictly) has key `{a: 1}`
- *     expect(new Set([{a: 1}])).to.have.all.deep.keys([{a: 1}]);
- *     expect(new Set([{a: 1}])).to.not.have.all.keys([{a: 1}]);
- *
- * By default, the target must have all of the given keys and no more. Add
- * `.any` earlier in the chain to only require that the target have at least
- * one of the given keys. Also, add `.not` earlier in the chain to negate
- * `.keys`. It's often best to add `.any` when negating `.keys`, and to use
- * `.all` when asserting `.keys` without negation.
- *
- * When negating `.keys`, `.any` is preferred because `.not.any.keys` asserts
- * exactly what's expected of the output, whereas `.not.all.keys` creates
- * uncertain expectations.
- *
- *     // Recommended; asserts that target doesn't have any of the given keys
- *     expect({a: 1, b: 2}).to.not.have.any.keys('c', 'd');
- *
- *     // Not recommended; asserts that target doesn't have all of the given
- *     // keys but may or may not have some of them
- *     expect({a: 1, b: 2}).to.not.have.all.keys('c', 'd');
- *
- * When asserting `.keys` without negation, `.all` is preferred because
- * `.all.keys` asserts exactly what's expected of the output, whereas
- * `.any.keys` creates uncertain expectations.
- *
- *     // Recommended; asserts that target has all the given keys
- *     expect({a: 1, b: 2}).to.have.all.keys('a', 'b');
- *
- *     // Not recommended; asserts that target has at least one of the given
- *     // keys but may or may not have more of them
- *     expect({a: 1, b: 2}).to.have.any.keys('a', 'b');
- *
- * Note that `.all` is used by default when neither `.all` nor `.any` appear
- * earlier in the chain. However, it's often best to add `.all` anyway because
- * it improves readability.
- *
- *     // Both assertions are identical
- *     expect({a: 1, b: 2}).to.have.all.keys('a', 'b'); // Recommended
- *     expect({a: 1, b: 2}).to.have.keys('a', 'b'); // Not recommended
- *
- * Add `.include` earlier in the chain to require that the target's keys be a
- * superset of the expected keys, rather than identical sets.
- *
- *     // Target object's keys are a superset of ['a', 'b'] but not identical
- *     expect({a: 1, b: 2, c: 3}).to.include.all.keys('a', 'b');
- *     expect({a: 1, b: 2, c: 3}).to.not.have.all.keys('a', 'b');
- *
- * However, if `.any` and `.include` are combined, only the `.any` takes
- * effect. The `.include` is ignored in this case.
- *
- *     // Both assertions are identical
- *     expect({a: 1}).to.have.any.keys('a', 'b');
- *     expect({a: 1}).to.include.any.keys('a', 'b');
- *
- * A custom error message can be given as the second argument to `expect`.
- *
- *     expect({a: 1}, 'nooo why fail??').to.have.key('b');
- *
- * The alias `.key` can be used interchangeably with `.keys`.
- *
- * @name keys
- * @alias key
- * @param {...string | Array | object} keys
- * @namespace BDD
- * @public
- */
-function assertKeys (keys) {
-  var obj = flag(this, 'object')
-    , objType = _.type(obj)
-    , keysType = _.type(keys)
-    , ssfi = flag(this, 'ssfi')
-    , isDeep = flag(this, 'deep')
-    , str
-    , deepStr = ''
-    , actual
-    , ok = true
-    , flagMsg = flag(this, 'message');
-
-  flagMsg = flagMsg ? flagMsg + ': ' : '';
-  var mixedArgsMsg = flagMsg + 'when testing keys against an object or an array you must give a single Array|Object|String argument or multiple String arguments';
-
-  if (objType === 'Map' || objType === 'Set') {
-    deepStr = isDeep ? 'deeply ' : '';
-    actual = [];
-
-    // Map and Set '.keys' aren't supported in IE 11. Therefore, use .forEach.
-    obj.forEach(function (val, key) { actual.push(key) });
-
-    if (keysType !== 'Array') {
-      keys = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments);
-    }
-  } else {
-    actual = _.getOwnEnumerableProperties(obj);
-
-    switch (keysType) {
-      case 'Array':
-        if (arguments.length > 1) {
-          throw new AssertionError(mixedArgsMsg, undefined, ssfi);
-        }
-        break;
-      case 'Object':
-        if (arguments.length > 1) {
-          throw new AssertionError(mixedArgsMsg, undefined, ssfi);
-        }
-        keys = Object.keys(keys);
-        break;
-      default:
-        keys = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments);
-    }
-
-    // Only stringify non-Symbols because Symbols would become "Symbol()"
-    keys = keys.map(function (val) {
-      return typeof val === 'symbol' ? val : String(val);
-    });
-  }
-
-  if (!keys.length) {
-    throw new AssertionError(flagMsg + 'keys required', undefined, ssfi);
-  }
-
-  var len = keys.length
-    , any = flag(this, 'any')
-    , all = flag(this, 'all')
-    , expected = keys
-    , isEql = isDeep ? flag(this, 'eql') : (val1, val2) => val1 === val2;
-
-  if (!any && !all) {
-    all = true;
-  }
-
-  // Has any
-  if (any) {
-    ok = expected.some(function(expectedKey) {
-      return actual.some(function(actualKey) {
-        return isEql(expectedKey, actualKey);
-      });
-    });
-  }
-
-  // Has all
-  if (all) {
-    ok = expected.every(function(expectedKey) {
-      return actual.some(function(actualKey) {
-        return isEql(expectedKey, actualKey);
-      });
-    });
-
-    if (!flag(this, 'contains')) {
-      ok = ok && keys.length == actual.length;
-    }
-  }
-
-  // Key string
-  if (len > 1) {
-    keys = keys.map(function(key) {
-      return _.inspect(key);
-    });
-    var last = keys.pop();
-    if (all) {
-      str = keys.join(', ') + ', and ' + last;
-    }
-    if (any) {
-      str = keys.join(', ') + ', or ' + last;
-    }
-  } else {
-    str = _.inspect(keys[0]);
-  }
-
-  // Form
-  str = (len > 1 ? 'keys ' : 'key ') + str;
-
-  // Have / include
-  str = (flag(this, 'contains') ? 'contain ' : 'have ') + str;
-
-  // Assertion
-  this.assert(
-      ok
-    , 'expected #{this} to ' + deepStr + str
-    , 'expected #{this} to not ' + deepStr + str
-    , expected.slice(0).sort(_.compareByInspect)
-    , actual.sort(_.compareByInspect)
-    , true
-  );
-}
-
-Assertion.addMethod('keys', assertKeys);
-Assertion.addMethod('key', assertKeys);
-
-/**
- * ### .throw([errorLike], [errMsgMatcher], [msg])
- *
- * When no arguments are provided, `.throw` invokes the target function and
- * asserts that an error is thrown.
- *
- *     var badFn = function () { throw new TypeError('Illegal salmon!'); };
- *     expect(badFn).to.throw();
- *
- * When one argument is provided, and it's an error constructor, `.throw`
- * invokes the target function and asserts that an error is thrown that's an
- * instance of that error constructor.
- *
- *     var badFn = function () { throw new TypeError('Illegal salmon!'); };
- *     expect(badFn).to.throw(TypeError);
- *
- * When one argument is provided, and it's an error instance, `.throw` invokes
- * the target function and asserts that an error is thrown that's strictly
- * (`===`) equal to that error instance.
- *
- *     var err = new TypeError('Illegal salmon!');
- *     var badFn = function () { throw err; };
- *
- *     expect(badFn).to.throw(err);
- *
- * When one argument is provided, and it's a string, `.throw` invokes the
- * target function and asserts that an error is thrown with a message that
- * contains that string.
- *
- *     var badFn = function () { throw new TypeError('Illegal salmon!'); };
- *     expect(badFn).to.throw('salmon');
- *
- * When one argument is provided, and it's a regular expression, `.throw`
- * invokes the target function and asserts that an error is thrown with a
- * message that matches that regular expression.
- *
- *     var badFn = function () { throw new TypeError('Illegal salmon!'); };
- *     expect(badFn).to.throw(/salmon/);
- *
- * When two arguments are provided, and the first is an error instance or
- * constructor, and the second is a string or regular expression, `.throw`
- * invokes the function and asserts that an error is thrown that fulfills both
- * conditions as described above.
- *
- *     var err = new TypeError('Illegal salmon!');
- *     var badFn = function () { throw err; };
- *
- *     expect(badFn).to.throw(TypeError, 'salmon');
- *     expect(badFn).to.throw(TypeError, /salmon/);
- *     expect(badFn).to.throw(err, 'salmon');
- *     expect(badFn).to.throw(err, /salmon/);
- *
- * Add `.not` earlier in the chain to negate `.throw`.
- *
- *     var goodFn = function () {};
- *     expect(goodFn).to.not.throw();
- *
- * However, it's dangerous to negate `.throw` when providing any arguments.
- * The problem is that it creates uncertain expectations by asserting that the
- * target either doesn't throw an error, or that it throws an error but of a
- * different type than the given type, or that it throws an error of the given
- * type but with a message that doesn't include the given string. It's often
- * best to identify the exact output that's expected, and then write an
- * assertion that only accepts that exact output.
- *
- * When the target isn't expected to throw an error, it's often best to assert
- * exactly that.
- *
- *     var goodFn = function () {};
- *
- *     expect(goodFn).to.not.throw(); // Recommended
- *     expect(goodFn).to.not.throw(ReferenceError, 'x'); // Not recommended
- *
- * When the target is expected to throw an error, it's often best to assert
- * that the error is of its expected type, and has a message that includes an
- * expected string, rather than asserting that it doesn't have one of many
- * unexpected types, and doesn't have a message that includes some string.
- *
- *     var badFn = function () { throw new TypeError('Illegal salmon!'); };
- *
- *     expect(badFn).to.throw(TypeError, 'salmon'); // Recommended
- *     expect(badFn).to.not.throw(ReferenceError, 'x'); // Not recommended
- *
- * `.throw` changes the target of any assertions that follow in the chain to
- * be the error object that's thrown.
- *
- *     var err = new TypeError('Illegal salmon!');
- *     err.code = 42;
- *     var badFn = function () { throw err; };
- *
- *     expect(badFn).to.throw(TypeError).with.property('code', 42);
- *
- * `.throw` accepts an optional `msg` argument which is a custom error message
- * to show when the assertion fails. The message can also be given as the
- * second argument to `expect`. When not providing two arguments, always use
- * the second form.
- *
- *     var goodFn = function () {};
- *
- *     expect(goodFn).to.throw(TypeError, 'x', 'nooo why fail??');
- *     expect(goodFn, 'nooo why fail??').to.throw();
- *
- * Due to limitations in ES5, `.throw` may not always work as expected when
- * using a transpiler such as Babel or TypeScript. In particular, it may
- * produce unexpected results when subclassing the built-in `Error` object and
- * then passing the subclassed constructor to `.throw`. See your transpiler's
- * docs for details:
- *
- * - ([Babel](https://babeljs.io/docs/usage/caveats/#classes))
- * - ([TypeScript](https://github.com/Microsoft/TypeScript/wiki/Breaking-Changes#extending-built-ins-like-error-array-and-map-may-no-longer-work))
- *
- * Beware of some common mistakes when using the `throw` assertion. One common
- * mistake is to accidentally invoke the function yourself instead of letting
- * the `throw` assertion invoke the function for you. For example, when
- * testing if a function named `fn` throws, provide `fn` instead of `fn()` as
- * the target for the assertion.
- *
- *     expect(fn).to.throw();     // Good! Tests `fn` as desired
- *     expect(fn()).to.throw();   // Bad! Tests result of `fn()`, not `fn`
- *
- * If you need to assert that your function `fn` throws when passed certain
- * arguments, then wrap a call to `fn` inside of another function.
- *
- *     expect(function () { fn(42); }).to.throw();  // Function expression
- *     expect(() => fn(42)).to.throw();             // ES6 arrow function
- *
- * Another common mistake is to provide an object method (or any stand-alone
- * function that relies on `this`) as the target of the assertion. Doing so is
- * problematic because the `this` context will be lost when the function is
- * invoked by `.throw`; there's no way for it to know what `this` is supposed
- * to be. There are two ways around this problem. One solution is to wrap the
- * method or function call inside of another function. Another solution is to
- * use `bind`.
- *
- *     expect(function () { cat.meow(); }).to.throw();  // Function expression
- *     expect(() => cat.meow()).to.throw();             // ES6 arrow function
- *     expect(cat.meow.bind(cat)).to.throw();           // Bind
- *
- * Finally, it's worth mentioning that it's a best practice in JavaScript to
- * only throw `Error` and derivatives of `Error` such as `ReferenceError`,
- * `TypeError`, and user-defined objects that extend `Error`. No other type of
- * value will generate a stack trace when initialized. With that said, the
- * `throw` assertion does technically support any type of value being thrown,
- * not just `Error` and its derivatives.
- *
- * The aliases `.throws` and `.Throw` can be used interchangeably with
- * `.throw`.
- *
- * @name throw
- * @alias throws
- * @alias Throw
- * @param {Error} errorLike
- * @param {string | RegExp} errMsgMatcher error message
- * @param {string} msg _optional_
- * @see https://developer.mozilla.org/en/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Error#Error_types
- * @returns {void} error for chaining (null if no error)
- * @namespace BDD
- * @public
- */
-function assertThrows (errorLike, errMsgMatcher, msg) {
-  if (msg) flag(this, 'message', msg);
-  var obj = flag(this, 'object')
-    , ssfi = flag(this, 'ssfi')
-    , flagMsg = flag(this, 'message')
-    , negate = flag(this, 'negate') || false;
-  new Assertion(obj, flagMsg, ssfi, true).is.a('function');
-
-  if (_.isRegExp(errorLike) || typeof errorLike === 'string') {
-    errMsgMatcher = errorLike;
-    errorLike = null;
-  }
-
-  let caughtErr;
-  let errorWasThrown = false;
-  try {
-    obj();
-  } catch (err) {
-    errorWasThrown = true;
-    caughtErr = err;
-  }
-
-  // If we have the negate flag enabled and at least one valid argument it means we do expect an error
-  // but we want it to match a given set of criteria
-  var everyArgIsUndefined = errorLike === undefined && errMsgMatcher === undefined;
-
-  // If we've got the negate flag enabled and both args, we should only fail if both aren't compatible
-  // See Issue #551 and PR #683@GitHub
-  var everyArgIsDefined = Boolean(errorLike && errMsgMatcher);
-  var errorLikeFail = false;
-  var errMsgMatcherFail = false;
-
-  // Checking if error was thrown
-  if (everyArgIsUndefined || !everyArgIsUndefined && !negate) {
-    // We need this to display results correctly according to their types
-    var errorLikeString = 'an error';
-    if (errorLike instanceof Error) {
-      errorLikeString = '#{exp}';
-    } else if (errorLike) {
-      errorLikeString = _.checkError.getConstructorName(errorLike);
-    }
-
-    let actual = caughtErr;
-    if (caughtErr instanceof Error) {
-      actual = caughtErr.toString();
-    } else if (typeof caughtErr === 'string') {
-      actual = caughtErr;
-    } else if (caughtErr && (typeof caughtErr === 'object' || typeof caughtErr === 'function')) {
-      try {
-        actual = _.checkError.getConstructorName(caughtErr);
-      } catch (_err) {
-        // somehow wasn't a constructor, maybe we got a function thrown
-        // or similar
-      }
-    }
-
-    this.assert(
-      errorWasThrown
-      , 'expected #{this} to throw ' + errorLikeString
-      , 'expected #{this} to not throw an error but #{act} was thrown'
-      , errorLike && errorLike.toString()
-      , actual
-    );
-  }
-
-  if (errorLike && caughtErr) {
-    // We should compare instances only if `errorLike` is an instance of `Error`
-    if (errorLike instanceof Error) {
-      var isCompatibleInstance = _.checkError.compatibleInstance(caughtErr, errorLike);
-
-      if (isCompatibleInstance === negate) {
-        // These checks were created to ensure we won't fail too soon when we've got both args and a negate
-        // See Issue #551 and PR #683@GitHub
-        if (everyArgIsDefined && negate) {
-          errorLikeFail = true;
-        } else {
-          this.assert(
-              negate
-            , 'expected #{this} to throw #{exp} but #{act} was thrown'
-            , 'expected #{this} to not throw #{exp}' + (caughtErr && !negate ? ' but #{act} was thrown' : '')
-            , errorLike.toString()
-            , caughtErr.toString()
-          );
-        }
-      }
-    }
-
-    var isCompatibleConstructor = _.checkError.compatibleConstructor(caughtErr, errorLike);
-    if (isCompatibleConstructor === negate) {
-      if (everyArgIsDefined && negate) {
-          errorLikeFail = true;
-      } else {
-        this.assert(
-            negate
-          , 'expected #{this} to throw #{exp} but #{act} was thrown'
-          , 'expected #{this} to not throw #{exp}' + (caughtErr ? ' but #{act} was thrown' : '')
-          , (errorLike instanceof Error ? errorLike.toString() : errorLike && _.checkError.getConstructorName(errorLike))
-          , (caughtErr instanceof Error ? caughtErr.toString() : caughtErr && _.checkError.getConstructorName(caughtErr))
-        );
-      }
-    }
-  }
-
-  if (caughtErr && errMsgMatcher !== undefined && errMsgMatcher !== null) {
-    // Here we check compatible messages
-    var placeholder = 'including';
-    if (_.isRegExp(errMsgMatcher)) {
-      placeholder = 'matching'
-    }
-
-    var isCompatibleMessage = _.checkError.compatibleMessage(caughtErr, errMsgMatcher);
-    if (isCompatibleMessage === negate) {
-      if (everyArgIsDefined && negate) {
-          errMsgMatcherFail = true;
-      } else {
-        this.assert(
-          negate
-          , 'expected #{this} to throw error ' + placeholder + ' #{exp} but got #{act}'
-          , 'expected #{this} to throw error not ' + placeholder + ' #{exp}'
-          ,  errMsgMatcher
-          ,  _.checkError.getMessage(caughtErr)
-        );
-      }
-    }
-  }
-
-  // If both assertions failed and both should've matched we throw an error
-  if (errorLikeFail && errMsgMatcherFail) {
-    this.assert(
-      negate
-      , 'expected #{this} to throw #{exp} but #{act} was thrown'
-      , 'expected #{this} to not throw #{exp}' + (caughtErr ? ' but #{act} was thrown' : '')
-      , (errorLike instanceof Error ? errorLike.toString() : errorLike && _.checkError.getConstructorName(errorLike))
-      , (caughtErr instanceof Error ? caughtErr.toString() : caughtErr && _.checkError.getConstructorName(caughtErr))
-    );
-  }
-
-  flag(this, 'object', caughtErr);
-};
-
-Assertion.addMethod('throw', assertThrows);
-Assertion.addMethod('throws', assertThrows);
-Assertion.addMethod('Throw', assertThrows);
-
-/**
- * ### .respondTo(method[, msg])
- *
- * When the target is a non-function object, `.respondTo` asserts that the
- * target has a method with the given name `method`. The method can be own or
- * inherited, and it can be enumerable or non-enumerable.
- *
- *     function Cat () {}
- *     Cat.prototype.meow = function () {};
- *
- *     expect(new Cat()).to.respondTo('meow');
- *
- * When the target is a function, `.respondTo` asserts that the target's
- * `prototype` property has a method with the given name `method`. Again, the
- * method can be own or inherited, and it can be enumerable or non-enumerable.
- *
- *     function Cat () {}
- *     Cat.prototype.meow = function () {};
- *
- *     expect(Cat).to.respondTo('meow');
- *
- * Add `.itself` earlier in the chain to force `.respondTo` to treat the
- * target as a non-function object, even if it's a function. Thus, it asserts
- * that the target has a method with the given name `method`, rather than
- * asserting that the target's `prototype` property has a method with the
- * given name `method`.
- *
- *     function Cat () {}
- *     Cat.prototype.meow = function () {};
- *     Cat.hiss = function () {};
- *
- *     expect(Cat).itself.to.respondTo('hiss').but.not.respondTo('meow');
- *
- * When not adding `.itself`, it's important to check the target's type before
- * using `.respondTo`. See the `.a` doc for info on checking a target's type.
- *
- *     function Cat () {}
- *     Cat.prototype.meow = function () {};
- *
- *     expect(new Cat()).to.be.an('object').that.respondsTo('meow');
- *
- * Add `.not` earlier in the chain to negate `.respondTo`.
- *
- *     function Dog () {}
- *     Dog.prototype.bark = function () {};
- *
- *     expect(new Dog()).to.not.respondTo('meow');
- *
- * `.respondTo` accepts an optional `msg` argument which is a custom error
- * message to show when the assertion fails. The message can also be given as
- * the second argument to `expect`.
- *
- *     expect({}).to.respondTo('meow', 'nooo why fail??');
- *     expect({}, 'nooo why fail??').to.respondTo('meow');
- *
- * The alias `.respondsTo` can be used interchangeably with `.respondTo`.
- *
- * @name respondTo
- * @alias respondsTo
- * @param {string} method
- * @param {string} msg _optional_
- * @namespace BDD
- * @public
- */
-function respondTo (method, msg) {
-  if (msg) flag(this, 'message', msg);
-  var obj = flag(this, 'object')
-    , itself = flag(this, 'itself')
-    , context = ('function' === typeof obj && !itself)
-      ? obj.prototype[method]
-      : obj[method];
-
-  this.assert(
-      'function' === typeof context
-    , 'expected #{this} to respond to ' + _.inspect(method)
-    , 'expected #{this} to not respond to ' + _.inspect(method)
-  );
-}
-
-Assertion.addMethod('respondTo', respondTo);
-Assertion.addMethod('respondsTo', respondTo);
-
-/**
- * ### .itself
- *
- * Forces all `.respondTo` assertions that follow in the chain to behave as if
- * the target is a non-function object, even if it's a function. Thus, it
- * causes `.respondTo` to assert that the target has a method with the given
- * name, rather than asserting that the target's `prototype` property has a
- * method with the given name.
- *
- *     function Cat () {}
- *     Cat.prototype.meow = function () {};
- *     Cat.hiss = function () {};
- *
- *     expect(Cat).itself.to.respondTo('hiss').but.not.respondTo('meow');
- *
- * @name itself
- * @namespace BDD
- * @public
- */
-Assertion.addProperty('itself', function () {
-  flag(this, 'itself', true);
-});
-
-/**
- * ### .satisfy(matcher[, msg])
- *
- * Invokes the given `matcher` function with the target being passed as the
- * first argument, and asserts that the value returned is truthy.
- *
- *     expect(1).to.satisfy(function(num) {
- *         return num > 0;
- *     });
- *
- * Add `.not` earlier in the chain to negate `.satisfy`.
- *
- *     expect(1).to.not.satisfy(function(num) {
- *         return num > 2;
- *     });
- *
- * `.satisfy` accepts an optional `msg` argument which is a custom error
- * message to show when the assertion fails. The message can also be given as
- * the second argument to `expect`.
- *
- *     expect(1).to.satisfy(function(num) {
- *         return num > 2;
- *     }, 'nooo why fail??');
- *
- *     expect(1, 'nooo why fail??').to.satisfy(function(num) {
- *         return num > 2;
- *     });
- *
- * The alias `.satisfies` can be used interchangeably with `.satisfy`.
- *
- * @name satisfy
- * @alias satisfies
- * @param {Function} matcher
- * @param {string} msg _optional_
- * @namespace BDD
- * @public
- */
-function satisfy (matcher, msg) {
-  if (msg) flag(this, 'message', msg);
-  var obj = flag(this, 'object');
-  var result = matcher(obj);
-  this.assert(
-      result
-    , 'expected #{this} to satisfy ' + _.objDisplay(matcher)
-    , 'expected #{this} to not satisfy' + _.objDisplay(matcher)
-    , flag(this, 'negate') ? false : true
-    , result
-  );
-}
-
-Assertion.addMethod('satisfy', satisfy);
-Assertion.addMethod('satisfies', satisfy);
-
-/**
- * ### .closeTo(expected, delta[, msg])
- *
- * Asserts that the target is a number that's within a given +/- `delta` range
- * of the given number `expected`. However, it's often best to assert that the
- * target is equal to its expected value.
- *
- *     // Recommended
- *     expect(1.5).to.equal(1.5);
- *
- *     // Not recommended
- *     expect(1.5).to.be.closeTo(1, 0.5);
- *     expect(1.5).to.be.closeTo(2, 0.5);
- *     expect(1.5).to.be.closeTo(1, 1);
- *
- * Add `.not` earlier in the chain to negate `.closeTo`.
- *
- *     expect(1.5).to.equal(1.5); // Recommended
- *     expect(1.5).to.not.be.closeTo(3, 1); // Not recommended
- *
- * `.closeTo` accepts an optional `msg` argument which is a custom error
- * message to show when the assertion fails. The message can also be given as
- * the second argument to `expect`.
- *
- *     expect(1.5).to.be.closeTo(3, 1, 'nooo why fail??');
- *     expect(1.5, 'nooo why fail??').to.be.closeTo(3, 1);
- *
- * The alias `.approximately` can be used interchangeably with `.closeTo`.
- *
- * @name closeTo
- * @alias approximately
- * @param {number} expected
- * @param {number} delta
- * @param {string} msg _optional_
- * @namespace BDD
- * @public
- */
-function closeTo(expected, delta, msg) {
-  if (msg) flag(this, 'message', msg);
-  var obj = flag(this, 'object')
-    , flagMsg = flag(this, 'message')
-    , ssfi = flag(this, 'ssfi');
-
-  new Assertion(obj, flagMsg, ssfi, true).is.a('number');
-  if (typeof expected !== 'number' || typeof delta !== 'number') {
-    flagMsg = flagMsg ? flagMsg + ': ' : '';
-    var deltaMessage = delta === undefined ? ", and a delta is required" : "";
-    throw new AssertionError(
-        flagMsg + 'the arguments to closeTo or approximately must be numbers' + deltaMessage,
-        undefined,
-        ssfi
-    );
-  }
-
-  this.assert(
-      Math.abs(obj - expected) <= delta
-    , 'expected #{this} to be close to ' + expected + ' +/- ' + delta
-    , 'expected #{this} not to be close to ' + expected + ' +/- ' + delta
-  );
-}
-
-Assertion.addMethod('closeTo', closeTo);
-Assertion.addMethod('approximately', closeTo);
-
-/**
- * @param {unknown} _subset
- * @param {unknown} _superset
- * @param {unknown} cmp
- * @param {unknown} contains
- * @param {unknown} ordered
- * @returns {boolean}
- */
-function isSubsetOf(_subset, _superset, cmp, contains, ordered) {
-  let superset = Array.from(_superset);
-  let subset = Array.from(_subset);
-  if (!contains) {
-    if (subset.length !== superset.length) return false;
-    superset = superset.slice();
-  }
-
-  return subset.every(function(elem, idx) {
-    if (ordered) return cmp ? cmp(elem, superset[idx]) : elem === superset[idx];
-
-    if (!cmp) {
-      var matchIdx = superset.indexOf(elem);
-      if (matchIdx === -1) return false;
-
-      // Remove match from superset so not counted twice if duplicate in subset.
-      if (!contains) superset.splice(matchIdx, 1);
-      return true;
-    }
-
-    return superset.some(function(elem2, matchIdx) {
-      if (!cmp(elem, elem2)) return false;
-
-      // Remove match from superset so not counted twice if duplicate in subset.
-      if (!contains) superset.splice(matchIdx, 1);
-      return true;
-    });
-  });
-}
-
-/**
- * ### .members(set[, msg])
- *
- * Asserts that the target array has the same members as the given array
- * `set`.
- *
- *     expect([1, 2, 3]).to.have.members([2, 1, 3]);
- *     expect([1, 2, 2]).to.have.members([2, 1, 2]);
- *
- * By default, members are compared using strict (`===`) equality. Add `.deep`
- * earlier in the chain to use deep equality instead. See the `deep-eql`
- * project page for info on the deep equality algorithm:
- * https://github.com/chaijs/deep-eql.
- *
- *     // Target array deeply (but not strictly) has member `{a: 1}`
- *     expect([{a: 1}]).to.have.deep.members([{a: 1}]);
- *     expect([{a: 1}]).to.not.have.members([{a: 1}]);
- *
- * By default, order doesn't matter. Add `.ordered` earlier in the chain to
- * require that members appear in the same order.
- *
- *     expect([1, 2, 3]).to.have.ordered.members([1, 2, 3]);
- *     expect([1, 2, 3]).to.have.members([2, 1, 3])
- *       .but.not.ordered.members([2, 1, 3]);
- *
- * By default, both arrays must be the same size. Add `.include` earlier in
- * the chain to require that the target's members be a superset of the
- * expected members. Note that duplicates are ignored in the subset when
- * `.include` is added.
- *
- *     // Target array is a superset of [1, 2] but not identical
- *     expect([1, 2, 3]).to.include.members([1, 2]);
- *     expect([1, 2, 3]).to.not.have.members([1, 2]);
- *
- *     // Duplicates in the subset are ignored
- *     expect([1, 2, 3]).to.include.members([1, 2, 2, 2]);
- *
- * `.deep`, `.ordered`, and `.include` can all be combined. However, if
- * `.include` and `.ordered` are combined, the ordering begins at the start of
- * both arrays.
- *
- *     expect([{a: 1}, {b: 2}, {c: 3}])
- *       .to.include.deep.ordered.members([{a: 1}, {b: 2}])
- *       .but.not.include.deep.ordered.members([{b: 2}, {c: 3}]);
- *
- * Add `.not` earlier in the chain to negate `.members`. However, it's
- * dangerous to do so. The problem is that it creates uncertain expectations
- * by asserting that the target array doesn't have all of the same members as
- * the given array `set` but may or may not have some of them. It's often best
- * to identify the exact output that's expected, and then write an assertion
- * that only accepts that exact output.
- *
- *     expect([1, 2]).to.not.include(3).and.not.include(4); // Recommended
- *     expect([1, 2]).to.not.have.members([3, 4]); // Not recommended
- *
- * `.members` accepts an optional `msg` argument which is a custom error
- * message to show when the assertion fails. The message can also be given as
- * the second argument to `expect`.
- *
- *     expect([1, 2]).to.have.members([1, 2, 3], 'nooo why fail??');
- *     expect([1, 2], 'nooo why fail??').to.have.members([1, 2, 3]);
- *
- * @name members
- * @param {Array} set
- * @param {string} msg _optional_
- * @namespace BDD
- * @public
- */
-Assertion.addMethod('members', function (subset, msg) {
-  if (msg) flag(this, 'message', msg);
-  var obj = flag(this, 'object')
-    , flagMsg = flag(this, 'message')
-    , ssfi = flag(this, 'ssfi');
-
-  new Assertion(obj, flagMsg, ssfi, true).to.be.iterable;
-  new Assertion(subset, flagMsg, ssfi, true).to.be.iterable;
-
-  var contains = flag(this, 'contains');
-  var ordered = flag(this, 'ordered');
-
-  var subject, failMsg, failNegateMsg;
-
-  if (contains) {
-    subject = ordered ? 'an ordered superset' : 'a superset';
-    failMsg = 'expected #{this} to be ' + subject + ' of #{exp}';
-    failNegateMsg = 'expected #{this} to not be ' + subject + ' of #{exp}';
-  } else {
-    subject = ordered ? 'ordered members' : 'members';
-    failMsg = 'expected #{this} to have the same ' + subject + ' as #{exp}';
-    failNegateMsg = 'expected #{this} to not have the same ' + subject + ' as #{exp}';
-  }
-
-  var cmp = flag(this, 'deep') ? flag(this, 'eql') : undefined;
-
-  this.assert(
-      isSubsetOf(subset, obj, cmp, contains, ordered)
-    , failMsg
-    , failNegateMsg
-    , subset
-    , obj
-    , true
-  );
-});
-
-/**
- * ### .iterable
- *
- * Asserts that the target is an iterable, which means that it has a iterator.
- *
- *     expect([1, 2]).to.be.iterable;
- *     expect("foobar").to.be.iterable;
- *
- * Add `.not` earlier in the chain to negate `.iterable`.
- *
- *     expect(1).to.not.be.iterable;
- *     expect(true).to.not.be.iterable;
- *
- * A custom error message can be given as the second argument to `expect`.
- *
- *     expect(1, 'nooo why fail??').to.be.iterable;
- *
- * @name iterable
- * @namespace BDD
- * @public
- */
-Assertion.addProperty('iterable', function(msg) {
-  if (msg) flag(this, 'message', msg);
-  var obj = flag(this, 'object');
-
-  this.assert(
-    obj != undefined && obj[Symbol.iterator]
-    , 'expected #{this} to be an iterable'
-    , 'expected #{this} to not be an iterable'
-    , obj
-  );
-});
-
-/**
- * ### .oneOf(list[, msg])
- *
- * Asserts that the target is a member of the given array `list`. However,
- * it's often best to assert that the target is equal to its expected value.
- *
- *     expect(1).to.equal(1); // Recommended
- *     expect(1).to.be.oneOf([1, 2, 3]); // Not recommended
- *
- * Comparisons are performed using strict (`===`) equality.
- *
- * Add `.not` earlier in the chain to negate `.oneOf`.
- *
- *     expect(1).to.equal(1); // Recommended
- *     expect(1).to.not.be.oneOf([2, 3, 4]); // Not recommended
- *
- * It can also be chained with `.contain` or `.include`, which will work with
- * both arrays and strings:
- *
- *     expect('Today is sunny').to.contain.oneOf(['sunny', 'cloudy'])
- *     expect('Today is rainy').to.not.contain.oneOf(['sunny', 'cloudy'])
- *     expect([1,2,3]).to.contain.oneOf([3,4,5])
- *     expect([1,2,3]).to.not.contain.oneOf([4,5,6])
- *
- * `.oneOf` accepts an optional `msg` argument which is a custom error message
- * to show when the assertion fails. The message can also be given as the
- * second argument to `expect`.
- *
- *     expect(1).to.be.oneOf([2, 3, 4], 'nooo why fail??');
- *     expect(1, 'nooo why fail??').to.be.oneOf([2, 3, 4]);
- *
- * @name oneOf
- * @param {Array<*>} list
- * @param {string} msg _optional_
- * @namespace BDD
- * @public
- */
-function oneOf (list, msg) {
-  if (msg) flag(this, 'message', msg);
-  var expected = flag(this, 'object')
-    , flagMsg = flag(this, 'message')
-    , ssfi = flag(this, 'ssfi')
-    , contains = flag(this, 'contains')
-    , isDeep = flag(this, 'deep')
-    , eql = flag(this, 'eql');
-  new Assertion(list, flagMsg, ssfi, true).to.be.an('array');
-
-  if (contains) {
-    this.assert(
-      list.some(function(possibility) { return expected.indexOf(possibility) > -1 })
-      , 'expected #{this} to contain one of #{exp}'
-      , 'expected #{this} to not contain one of #{exp}'
-      , list
-      , expected
-    );
-  } else {
-    if (isDeep) {
-      this.assert(
-        list.some(function(possibility) { return eql(expected, possibility) })
-        , 'expected #{this} to deeply equal one of #{exp}'
-        , 'expected #{this} to deeply equal one of #{exp}'
-        , list
-        , expected
-      );
-    } else {
-      this.assert(
-        list.indexOf(expected) > -1
-        , 'expected #{this} to be one of #{exp}'
-        , 'expected #{this} to not be one of #{exp}'
-        , list
-        , expected
-      );
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-Assertion.addMethod('oneOf', oneOf);
-
-/**
- * ### .change(subject[, prop[, msg]])
- *
- * When one argument is provided, `.change` asserts that the given function
- * `subject` returns a different value when it's invoked before the target
- * function compared to when it's invoked afterward. However, it's often best
- * to assert that `subject` is equal to its expected value.
- *
- *     var dots = ''
- *     , addDot = function () { dots += '.'; }
- *     , getDots = function () { return dots; };
- *
- *     // Recommended
- *     expect(getDots()).to.equal('');
- *     addDot();
- *     expect(getDots()).to.equal('.');
- *
- *     // Not recommended
- *     expect(addDot).to.change(getDots);
- *
- * When two arguments are provided, `.change` asserts that the value of the
- * given object `subject`'s `prop` property is different before invoking the
- * target function compared to afterward.
- *
- *     var myObj = {dots: ''}
- *     , addDot = function () { myObj.dots += '.'; };
- *
- *     // Recommended
- *     expect(myObj).to.have.property('dots', '');
- *     addDot();
- *     expect(myObj).to.have.property('dots', '.');
- *
- *     // Not recommended
- *     expect(addDot).to.change(myObj, 'dots');
- *
- * Strict (`===`) equality is used to compare before and after values.
- *
- * Add `.not` earlier in the chain to negate `.change`.
- *
- *     var dots = ''
- *     , noop = function () {}
- *     , getDots = function () { return dots; };
- *
- *     expect(noop).to.not.change(getDots);
- *
- *     var myObj = {dots: ''}
- *     , noop = function () {};
- *
- *     expect(noop).to.not.change(myObj, 'dots');
- *
- * `.change` accepts an optional `msg` argument which is a custom error
- * message to show when the assertion fails. The message can also be given as
- * the second argument to `expect`. When not providing two arguments, always
- * use the second form.
- *
- *     var myObj = {dots: ''}
- *     , addDot = function () { myObj.dots += '.'; };
- *
- *     expect(addDot).to.not.change(myObj, 'dots', 'nooo why fail??');
- *
- *     var dots = ''
- *     , addDot = function () { dots += '.'; }
- *     , getDots = function () { return dots; };
- *
- *     expect(addDot, 'nooo why fail??').to.not.change(getDots);
- *
- * `.change` also causes all `.by` assertions that follow in the chain to
- * assert how much a numeric subject was increased or decreased by. However,
- * it's dangerous to use `.change.by`. The problem is that it creates
- * uncertain expectations by asserting that the subject either increases by
- * the given delta, or that it decreases by the given delta. It's often best
- * to identify the exact output that's expected, and then write an assertion
- * that only accepts that exact output.
- *
- *     var myObj = {val: 1}
- *     , addTwo = function () { myObj.val += 2; }
- *     , subtractTwo = function () { myObj.val -= 2; };
- *
- *     expect(addTwo).to.increase(myObj, 'val').by(2); // Recommended
- *     expect(addTwo).to.change(myObj, 'val').by(2); // Not recommended
- *
- *     expect(subtractTwo).to.decrease(myObj, 'val').by(2); // Recommended
- *     expect(subtractTwo).to.change(myObj, 'val').by(2); // Not recommended
- *
- * The alias `.changes` can be used interchangeably with `.change`.
- *
- * @name change
- * @alias changes
- * @param {string} subject
- * @param {string} prop name _optional_
- * @param {string} msg _optional_
- * @namespace BDD
- * @public
- */
-function assertChanges (subject, prop, msg) {
-  if (msg) flag(this, 'message', msg);
-  var fn = flag(this, 'object')
-    , flagMsg = flag(this, 'message')
-    , ssfi = flag(this, 'ssfi');
-  new Assertion(fn, flagMsg, ssfi, true).is.a('function');
-
-  var initial;
-  if (!prop) {
-    new Assertion(subject, flagMsg, ssfi, true).is.a('function');
-    initial = subject();
-  } else {
-    new Assertion(subject, flagMsg, ssfi, true).to.have.property(prop);
-    initial = subject[prop];
-  }
-
-  fn();
-
-  var final = prop === undefined || prop === null ? subject() : subject[prop];
-  var msgObj = prop === undefined || prop === null ? initial : '.' + prop;
-
-  // This gets flagged because of the .by(delta) assertion
-  flag(this, 'deltaMsgObj', msgObj);
-  flag(this, 'initialDeltaValue', initial);
-  flag(this, 'finalDeltaValue', final);
-  flag(this, 'deltaBehavior', 'change');
-  flag(this, 'realDelta', final !== initial);
-
-  this.assert(
-    initial !== final
-    , 'expected ' + msgObj + ' to change'
-    , 'expected ' + msgObj + ' to not change'
-  );
-}
-
-Assertion.addMethod('change', assertChanges);
-Assertion.addMethod('changes', assertChanges);
-
-/**
- * ### .increase(subject[, prop[, msg]])
- *
- * When one argument is provided, `.increase` asserts that the given function
- * `subject` returns a greater number when it's invoked after invoking the
- * target function compared to when it's invoked beforehand. `.increase` also
- * causes all `.by` assertions that follow in the chain to assert how much
- * greater of a number is returned. It's often best to assert that the return
- * value increased by the expected amount, rather than asserting it increased
- * by any amount.
- *
- *     var val = 1
- *     , addTwo = function () { val += 2; }
- *     , getVal = function () { return val; };
- *
- *     expect(addTwo).to.increase(getVal).by(2); // Recommended
- *     expect(addTwo).to.increase(getVal); // Not recommended
- *
- * When two arguments are provided, `.increase` asserts that the value of the
- * given object `subject`'s `prop` property is greater after invoking the
- * target function compared to beforehand.
- *
- *     var myObj = {val: 1}
- *     , addTwo = function () { myObj.val += 2; };
- *
- *     expect(addTwo).to.increase(myObj, 'val').by(2); // Recommended
- *     expect(addTwo).to.increase(myObj, 'val'); // Not recommended
- *
- * Add `.not` earlier in the chain to negate `.increase`. However, it's
- * dangerous to do so. The problem is that it creates uncertain expectations
- * by asserting that the subject either decreases, or that it stays the same.
- * It's often best to identify the exact output that's expected, and then
- * write an assertion that only accepts that exact output.
- *
- * When the subject is expected to decrease, it's often best to assert that it
- * decreased by the expected amount.
- *
- *     var myObj = {val: 1}
- *     , subtractTwo = function () { myObj.val -= 2; };
- *
- *     expect(subtractTwo).to.decrease(myObj, 'val').by(2); // Recommended
- *     expect(subtractTwo).to.not.increase(myObj, 'val'); // Not recommended
- *
- * When the subject is expected to stay the same, it's often best to assert
- * exactly that.
- *
- *     var myObj = {val: 1}
- *     , noop = function () {};
- *
- *     expect(noop).to.not.change(myObj, 'val'); // Recommended
- *     expect(noop).to.not.increase(myObj, 'val'); // Not recommended
- *
- * `.increase` accepts an optional `msg` argument which is a custom error
- * message to show when the assertion fails. The message can also be given as
- * the second argument to `expect`. When not providing two arguments, always
- * use the second form.
- *
- *     var myObj = {val: 1}
- *     , noop = function () {};
- *
- *     expect(noop).to.increase(myObj, 'val', 'nooo why fail??');
- *
- *     var val = 1
- *     , noop = function () {}
- *     , getVal = function () { return val; };
- *
- *     expect(noop, 'nooo why fail??').to.increase(getVal);
- *
- * The alias `.increases` can be used interchangeably with `.increase`.
- *
- * @name increase
- * @alias increases
- * @param {string | Function} subject
- * @param {string} prop name _optional_
- * @param {string} msg _optional_
- * @namespace BDD
- * @public
- */
-function assertIncreases (subject, prop, msg) {
-  if (msg) flag(this, 'message', msg);
-  var fn = flag(this, 'object')
-    , flagMsg = flag(this, 'message')
-    , ssfi = flag(this, 'ssfi');
-  new Assertion(fn, flagMsg, ssfi, true).is.a('function');
-
-  var initial;
-  if (!prop) {
-    new Assertion(subject, flagMsg, ssfi, true).is.a('function');
-    initial = subject();
-  } else {
-    new Assertion(subject, flagMsg, ssfi, true).to.have.property(prop);
-    initial = subject[prop];
-  }
-
-  // Make sure that the target is a number
-  new Assertion(initial, flagMsg, ssfi, true).is.a('number');
-
-  fn();
-
-  var final = prop === undefined || prop === null ? subject() : subject[prop];
-  var msgObj = prop === undefined || prop === null ? initial : '.' + prop;
-
-  flag(this, 'deltaMsgObj', msgObj);
-  flag(this, 'initialDeltaValue', initial);
-  flag(this, 'finalDeltaValue', final);
-  flag(this, 'deltaBehavior', 'increase');
-  flag(this, 'realDelta', final - initial);
-
-  this.assert(
-    final - initial > 0
-    , 'expected ' + msgObj + ' to increase'
-    , 'expected ' + msgObj + ' to not increase'
-  );
-}
-
-Assertion.addMethod('increase', assertIncreases);
-Assertion.addMethod('increases', assertIncreases);
-
-/**
- * ### .decrease(subject[, prop[, msg]])
- *
- * When one argument is provided, `.decrease` asserts that the given function
- * `subject` returns a lesser number when it's invoked after invoking the
- * target function compared to when it's invoked beforehand. `.decrease` also
- * causes all `.by` assertions that follow in the chain to assert how much
- * lesser of a number is returned. It's often best to assert that the return
- * value decreased by the expected amount, rather than asserting it decreased
- * by any amount.
- *
- *     var val = 1
- *       , subtractTwo = function () { val -= 2; }
- *       , getVal = function () { return val; };
- *
- *     expect(subtractTwo).to.decrease(getVal).by(2); // Recommended
- *     expect(subtractTwo).to.decrease(getVal); // Not recommended
- *
- * When two arguments are provided, `.decrease` asserts that the value of the
- * given object `subject`'s `prop` property is lesser after invoking the
- * target function compared to beforehand.
- *
- *     var myObj = {val: 1}
- *       , subtractTwo = function () { myObj.val -= 2; };
- *
- *     expect(subtractTwo).to.decrease(myObj, 'val').by(2); // Recommended
- *     expect(subtractTwo).to.decrease(myObj, 'val'); // Not recommended
- *
- * Add `.not` earlier in the chain to negate `.decrease`. However, it's
- * dangerous to do so. The problem is that it creates uncertain expectations
- * by asserting that the subject either increases, or that it stays the same.
- * It's often best to identify the exact output that's expected, and then
- * write an assertion that only accepts that exact output.
- *
- * When the subject is expected to increase, it's often best to assert that it
- * increased by the expected amount.
- *
- *     var myObj = {val: 1}
- *       , addTwo = function () { myObj.val += 2; };
- *
- *     expect(addTwo).to.increase(myObj, 'val').by(2); // Recommended
- *     expect(addTwo).to.not.decrease(myObj, 'val'); // Not recommended
- *
- * When the subject is expected to stay the same, it's often best to assert
- * exactly that.
- *
- *     var myObj = {val: 1}
- *       , noop = function () {};
- *
- *     expect(noop).to.not.change(myObj, 'val'); // Recommended
- *     expect(noop).to.not.decrease(myObj, 'val'); // Not recommended
- *
- * `.decrease` accepts an optional `msg` argument which is a custom error
- * message to show when the assertion fails. The message can also be given as
- * the second argument to `expect`. When not providing two arguments, always
- * use the second form.
- *
- *     var myObj = {val: 1}
- *       , noop = function () {};
- *
- *     expect(noop).to.decrease(myObj, 'val', 'nooo why fail??');
- *
- *     var val = 1
- *       , noop = function () {}
- *       , getVal = function () { return val; };
- *
- *     expect(noop, 'nooo why fail??').to.decrease(getVal);
- *
- * The alias `.decreases` can be used interchangeably with `.decrease`.
- *
- * @name decrease
- * @alias decreases
- * @param {string | Function} subject
- * @param {string} prop name _optional_
- * @param {string} msg _optional_
- * @namespace BDD
- * @public
- */
-function assertDecreases (subject, prop, msg) {
-  if (msg) flag(this, 'message', msg);
-  var fn = flag(this, 'object')
-    , flagMsg = flag(this, 'message')
-    , ssfi = flag(this, 'ssfi');
-  new Assertion(fn, flagMsg, ssfi, true).is.a('function');
-
-  var initial;
-  if (!prop) {
-    new Assertion(subject, flagMsg, ssfi, true).is.a('function');
-    initial = subject();
-  } else {
-    new Assertion(subject, flagMsg, ssfi, true).to.have.property(prop);
-    initial = subject[prop];
-  }
-
-  // Make sure that the target is a number
-  new Assertion(initial, flagMsg, ssfi, true).is.a('number');
-
-  fn();
-
-  var final = prop === undefined || prop === null ? subject() : subject[prop];
-  var msgObj = prop === undefined || prop === null ? initial : '.' + prop;
-
-  flag(this, 'deltaMsgObj', msgObj);
-  flag(this, 'initialDeltaValue', initial);
-  flag(this, 'finalDeltaValue', final);
-  flag(this, 'deltaBehavior', 'decrease');
-  flag(this, 'realDelta', initial - final);
-
-  this.assert(
-    final - initial < 0
-    , 'expected ' + msgObj + ' to decrease'
-    , 'expected ' + msgObj + ' to not decrease'
-  );
-}
-
-Assertion.addMethod('decrease', assertDecreases);
-Assertion.addMethod('decreases', assertDecreases);
-
-/**
- * ### .by(delta[, msg])
- *
- * When following an `.increase` assertion in the chain, `.by` asserts that
- * the subject of the `.increase` assertion increased by the given `delta`.
- *
- *     var myObj = {val: 1}
- *       , addTwo = function () { myObj.val += 2; };
- *
- *     expect(addTwo).to.increase(myObj, 'val').by(2);
- *
- * When following a `.decrease` assertion in the chain, `.by` asserts that the
- * subject of the `.decrease` assertion decreased by the given `delta`.
- *
- *     var myObj = {val: 1}
- *       , subtractTwo = function () { myObj.val -= 2; };
- *
- *     expect(subtractTwo).to.decrease(myObj, 'val').by(2);
- *
- * When following a `.change` assertion in the chain, `.by` asserts that the
- * subject of the `.change` assertion either increased or decreased by the
- * given `delta`. However, it's dangerous to use `.change.by`. The problem is
- * that it creates uncertain expectations. It's often best to identify the
- * exact output that's expected, and then write an assertion that only accepts
- * that exact output.
- *
- *     var myObj = {val: 1}
- *       , addTwo = function () { myObj.val += 2; }
- *       , subtractTwo = function () { myObj.val -= 2; };
- *
- *     expect(addTwo).to.increase(myObj, 'val').by(2); // Recommended
- *     expect(addTwo).to.change(myObj, 'val').by(2); // Not recommended
- *
- *     expect(subtractTwo).to.decrease(myObj, 'val').by(2); // Recommended
- *     expect(subtractTwo).to.change(myObj, 'val').by(2); // Not recommended
- *
- * Add `.not` earlier in the chain to negate `.by`. However, it's often best
- * to assert that the subject changed by its expected delta, rather than
- * asserting that it didn't change by one of countless unexpected deltas.
- *
- *     var myObj = {val: 1}
- *       , addTwo = function () { myObj.val += 2; };
- *
- *     // Recommended
- *     expect(addTwo).to.increase(myObj, 'val').by(2);
- *
- *     // Not recommended
- *     expect(addTwo).to.increase(myObj, 'val').but.not.by(3);
- *
- * `.by` accepts an optional `msg` argument which is a custom error message to
- * show when the assertion fails. The message can also be given as the second
- * argument to `expect`.
- *
- *     var myObj = {val: 1}
- *       , addTwo = function () { myObj.val += 2; };
- *
- *     expect(addTwo).to.increase(myObj, 'val').by(3, 'nooo why fail??');
- *     expect(addTwo, 'nooo why fail??').to.increase(myObj, 'val').by(3);
- *
- * @name by
- * @param {number} delta
- * @param {string} msg _optional_
- * @namespace BDD
- * @public
- */
-function assertDelta(delta, msg) {
-  if (msg) flag(this, 'message', msg);
-
-  var msgObj = flag(this, 'deltaMsgObj');
-  var initial = flag(this, 'initialDeltaValue');
-  var final = flag(this, 'finalDeltaValue');
-  var behavior = flag(this, 'deltaBehavior');
-  var realDelta = flag(this, 'realDelta');
-
-  var expression;
-  if (behavior === 'change') {
-    expression = Math.abs(final - initial) === Math.abs(delta);
-  } else {
-    expression = realDelta === Math.abs(delta);
-  }
-
-  this.assert(
-    expression
-    , 'expected ' + msgObj + ' to ' + behavior + ' by ' + delta
-    , 'expected ' + msgObj + ' to not ' + behavior + ' by ' + delta
-  );
-}
-
-Assertion.addMethod('by', assertDelta);
-
-/**
- * ### .extensible
- *
- * Asserts that the target is extensible, which means that new properties can
- * be added to it. Primitives are never extensible.
- *
- *     expect({a: 1}).to.be.extensible;
- *
- * Add `.not` earlier in the chain to negate `.extensible`.
- *
- *     var nonExtensibleObject = Object.preventExtensions({})
- *     , sealedObject = Object.seal({})
- *     , frozenObject = Object.freeze({});
- *
- *     expect(nonExtensibleObject).to.not.be.extensible;
- *     expect(sealedObject).to.not.be.extensible;
- *     expect(frozenObject).to.not.be.extensible;
- *     expect(1).to.not.be.extensible;
- *
- * A custom error message can be given as the second argument to `expect`.
- *
- *     expect(1, 'nooo why fail??').to.be.extensible;
- *
- * @name extensible
- * @namespace BDD
- * @public
- */
-Assertion.addProperty('extensible', function() {
-  var obj = flag(this, 'object');
-
-  // In ES5, if the argument to this method is a primitive, then it will cause a TypeError.
-  // In ES6, a non-object argument will be treated as if it was a non-extensible ordinary object, simply return false.
-  // https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Object/isExtensible
-  // The following provides ES6 behavior for ES5 environments.
-
-  var isExtensible = obj === Object(obj) && Object.isExtensible(obj);
-
-  this.assert(
-    isExtensible
-    , 'expected #{this} to be extensible'
-    , 'expected #{this} to not be extensible'
-  );
-});
-
-/**
- * ### .sealed
- *
- * Asserts that the target is sealed, which means that new properties can't be
- * added to it, and its existing properties can't be reconfigured or deleted.
- * However, it's possible that its existing properties can still be reassigned
- * to different values. Primitives are always sealed.
- *
- *     var sealedObject = Object.seal({});
- *     var frozenObject = Object.freeze({});
- *
- *     expect(sealedObject).to.be.sealed;
- *     expect(frozenObject).to.be.sealed;
- *     expect(1).to.be.sealed;
- *
- * Add `.not` earlier in the chain to negate `.sealed`.
- *
- *     expect({a: 1}).to.not.be.sealed;
- *
- * A custom error message can be given as the second argument to `expect`.
- *
- *     expect({a: 1}, 'nooo why fail??').to.be.sealed;
- *
- * @name sealed
- * @namespace BDD
- * @public
- */
-Assertion.addProperty('sealed', function() {
-  var obj = flag(this, 'object');
-
-  // In ES5, if the argument to this method is a primitive, then it will cause a TypeError.
-  // In ES6, a non-object argument will be treated as if it was a sealed ordinary object, simply return true.
-  // See https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Object/isSealed
-  // The following provides ES6 behavior for ES5 environments.
-
-  var isSealed = obj === Object(obj) ? Object.isSealed(obj) : true;
-
-  this.assert(
-    isSealed
-    , 'expected #{this} to be sealed'
-    , 'expected #{this} to not be sealed'
-  );
-});
-
-/**
- * ### .frozen
- *
- * Asserts that the target is frozen, which means that new properties can't be
- * added to it, and its existing properties can't be reassigned to different
- * values, reconfigured, or deleted. Primitives are always frozen.
- *
- *     var frozenObject = Object.freeze({});
- *
- *     expect(frozenObject).to.be.frozen;
- *     expect(1).to.be.frozen;
- *
- * Add `.not` earlier in the chain to negate `.frozen`.
- *
- *     expect({a: 1}).to.not.be.frozen;
- *
- * A custom error message can be given as the second argument to `expect`.
- *
- *     expect({a: 1}, 'nooo why fail??').to.be.frozen;
- *
- * @name frozen
- * @namespace BDD
- * @public
- */
-Assertion.addProperty('frozen', function() {
-  var obj = flag(this, 'object');
-
-  // In ES5, if the argument to this method is a primitive, then it will cause a TypeError.
-  // In ES6, a non-object argument will be treated as if it was a frozen ordinary object, simply return true.
-  // See https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Object/isFrozen
-  // The following provides ES6 behavior for ES5 environments.
-
-  var isFrozen = obj === Object(obj) ? Object.isFrozen(obj) : true;
-
-  this.assert(
-    isFrozen
-    , 'expected #{this} to be frozen'
-    , 'expected #{this} to not be frozen'
-  );
-});
-
-/**
- * ### .finite
- *
- * Asserts that the target is a number, and isn't `NaN` or positive/negative
- * `Infinity`.
- *
- *     expect(1).to.be.finite;
- *
- * Add `.not` earlier in the chain to negate `.finite`. However, it's
- * dangerous to do so. The problem is that it creates uncertain expectations
- * by asserting that the subject either isn't a number, or that it's `NaN`, or
- * that it's positive `Infinity`, or that it's negative `Infinity`. It's often
- * best to identify the exact output that's expected, and then write an
- * assertion that only accepts that exact output.
- *
- * When the target isn't expected to be a number, it's often best to assert
- * that it's the expected type, rather than asserting that it isn't one of
- * many unexpected types.
- *
- *     expect('foo').to.be.a('string'); // Recommended
- *     expect('foo').to.not.be.finite; // Not recommended
- *
- * When the target is expected to be `NaN`, it's often best to assert exactly
- * that.
- *
- *     expect(NaN).to.be.NaN; // Recommended
- *     expect(NaN).to.not.be.finite; // Not recommended
- *
- * When the target is expected to be positive infinity, it's often best to
- * assert exactly that.
- *
- *     expect(Infinity).to.equal(Infinity); // Recommended
- *     expect(Infinity).to.not.be.finite; // Not recommended
- *
- * When the target is expected to be negative infinity, it's often best to
- * assert exactly that.
- *
- *     expect(-Infinity).to.equal(-Infinity); // Recommended
- *     expect(-Infinity).to.not.be.finite; // Not recommended
- *
- * A custom error message can be given as the second argument to `expect`.
- *
- *     expect('foo', 'nooo why fail??').to.be.finite;
- *
- * @name finite
- * @namespace BDD
- * @public
- */
-Assertion.addProperty('finite', function(msg) {
-  var obj = flag(this, 'object');
-
-  this.assert(
-      typeof obj === 'number' && isFinite(obj)
-    , 'expected #{this} to be a finite number'
-    , 'expected #{this} to not be a finite number'
-  );
-});