@carbonenginejs/runtime-resource 0.12.2 → 0.13.0

package/dist/format/carbonEffect/carbonEffectBackendBlock.js.map

@@ -1 +1 @@
-{"version":3,"file":"carbonEffectBackendBlock.js","sources":["../../../../src/format/carbonEffect/carbonEffectBackendBlock.js"],"sourcesContent":["import { CjsByteWriter } from \"../CjsByteWriter.js\";\nimport { CjsByteReader } from \"../CjsByteReader.js\";\nimport { CjsFormatReadError, CjsFormatWriteError } from \"../CjsFormatError.js\";\n\n/**\n * The one optional trailing block per pass: WebGPU bind-group layouts and\n * resource transforms.\n *\n * Neither is derivable from Carbon reflection. Carbon's `registers[]` is the D3D\n * binding model, while `(group, binding, visibility, generatedSymbol)` comes from\n * the *lowered IR's* bindings. So this is the port's only genuine invention, and\n * it is built entirely from Carbon's own techniques: count-prefixed fixed-width\n * records inside a blob referenced by `{u32 size, u32 offset}`, exactly like\n * program source.\n *\n * Both sections share **one** block rather than occupying two, because the\n * invariant worth keeping is \"the Carbon region is backend-invariant, with\n * exactly one optional trailing block\". They are also mutually required — a\n * transform needs a carrier binding in the same pass's layout and a transformed\n * binding needs a recipe — so one unit is the honest shape.\n *\n * ## Why the block is self-contained\n *\n * The block lives in the arena so that identical layouts dedupe across bodies the\n * way program source does; measured sharing is 30.5:1 at `(body, pass)`\n * granularity, 22 distinct blocks across 672 pairs.\n *\n * That forces one design consequence: **the block cannot contain arena offsets.**\n * An offset is only known after the arena's content sort, and the sort depends on\n * every blob's bytes — including this one. A block referencing the arena would\n * have to be interned before its own contents could be computed. Carbon never\n * meets this because no Carbon arena blob refers to the arena.\n *\n * So strings are inline here, length-prefixed, not interned. The cost is real but\n * small: a repeated `\"t11\"` inside 22 distinct blocks rather than one shared copy.\n * The block itself is what dedupes, and it dedupes 30x.\n */\n\n/** Current block version. Bump when a field is added; readers may skip unknown. */\nexport const CARBON_EFFECT_BACKEND_BLOCK_VERSION = 1;\n\n/**\n * Resource kinds, ordered so the wire value is stable\n * (`buildWgslSet.js:117-122`).\n */\nexport const CARBON_BACKEND_RESOURCE_KIND = Object.freeze([\n    \"uniform-buffer\",\n    \"sampled-resource\",\n    \"sampler\",\n    \"storage-resource\"\n]);\n\n/** Shader stages, as a bit position in the visibility mask. */\nexport const CARBON_BACKEND_VISIBILITY = Object.freeze([ \"vertex\", \"fragment\", \"compute\" ]);\n\n/**\n * Resource-transform families. The discriminator exists so `kind`,\n * `representation`, `missingLayer` and the output name stay derivable without\n * pinning the format to one recognizer: a second family costs an enum value\n * rather than a format version bump.\n */\nexport const CARBON_BACKEND_TRANSFORM_FAMILY = Object.freeze([ \"detail-map-array\" ]);\n\n/** Constants a `detail-map-array` transform restores rather than storing. */\nexport const DETAIL_MAP_ARRAY_DEFAULTS = Object.freeze({\n    version: 1,\n    kind: \"texture-2d-array\",\n    stage: \"fragment\",\n    representation: \"native-or-rgba8\",\n    missingLayer: \"reject\",\n    viewDimension: \"2d-array\",\n    outputName: \"DetailMapArray\"\n});\n\n/** Marks an absent optional `u32`. Carbon's null-reference value. */\nconst ABSENT = 0xffffffff;\n\n/**\n * Writes a length-prefixed UTF-8 string.\n *\n * @param {CjsByteWriter} writer Target writer.\n * @param {string} value Text value.\n */\nfunction writeInlineString(writer, value)\n{\n    const bytes = new TextEncoder().encode(String(value ?? \"\"));\n    if (bytes.length > 0xffff)\n    {\n        throw new CjsFormatWriteError(\"Backend block string exceeds 65535 bytes\", {\n            byteLength: bytes.length\n        });\n    }\n    writer.u16(bytes.length);\n    writer.bytes(bytes);\n}\n\n/**\n * Reads a length-prefixed UTF-8 string.\n *\n * @param {CjsByteReader} reader Source reader.\n * @returns {string} Decoded text.\n */\nfunction readInlineString(reader)\n{\n    const length = reader.readUint16();\n    return new TextDecoder(\"utf-8\", { fatal: false }).decode(reader.readRaw(length));\n}\n\n/**\n * Encodes a visibility list as a bit mask.\n *\n * @param {string[]} visibility Stage names.\n * @returns {number} Bit mask.\n */\nfunction packVisibility(visibility)\n{\n    let mask = 0;\n    for (const stage of visibility ?? [])\n    {\n        const bit = CARBON_BACKEND_VISIBILITY.indexOf(stage);\n        if (bit < 0)\n        {\n            throw new CjsFormatWriteError(`Unknown binding visibility \"${stage}\"`, { stage });\n        }\n        mask |= 1 << bit;\n    }\n    return mask;\n}\n\n/**\n * Decodes a visibility bit mask, in the canonical stage order.\n *\n * @param {number} mask Bit mask.\n * @returns {string[]} Stage names.\n */\nfunction unpackVisibility(mask)\n{\n    const stages = [];\n    for (let bit = 0; bit < CARBON_BACKEND_VISIBILITY.length; bit += 1)\n    {\n        if (mask & (1 << bit)) stages.push(CARBON_BACKEND_VISIBILITY[bit]);\n    }\n    return stages;\n}\n\n/**\n * Rebuilds a binding's WebGPU descriptor from what the block does store.\n *\n * The descriptor — `buffer`, `texture` or `sampler` — is not on the wire because\n * it is a pure function of the WGSL type, the resource kind and the structure\n * stride, all three of which are. `lowerBindingLayout.js` derives it from the\n * same three inputs on the way out; this derives it back on the way in.\n *\n * The pairs that could collide do not. `array<u32>` reaches both a structured\n * buffer and a compute typed buffer, and the structure stride separates them:\n * structured always carries one, typed never does.\n *\n * @param {object} binding Decoded binding record.\n * @returns {object} The descriptor fragment, as one `{buffer|texture|sampler}` key.\n */\nfunction deriveBindingDescriptor(binding)\n{\n    const stride = binding.structureStride;\n\n    if (binding.resourceKind === \"sampler\")\n    {\n        return { sampler: { type: \"filtering\" } };\n    }\n\n    if (binding.resourceKind === \"uniform-buffer\")\n    {\n        const vec4Count = /^array<vec4<f32>, (\\d+)>$/u.exec(binding.type)?.[1];\n        if (!vec4Count)\n        {\n            throw new CjsFormatReadError(\n                `Backend block uniform binding has untranslatable type \"${binding.type}\"`,\n                { type: binding.type }\n            );\n        }\n        return {\n            buffer: {\n                type: \"uniform\",\n                hasDynamicOffset: false,\n                minBindingSize: Number(vec4Count) * 16\n            }\n        };\n    }\n\n    if (binding.resourceKind === \"sampled-resource\")\n    {\n        const texture = TEXTURE_DESCRIPTORS[binding.type];\n        if (texture) return { texture: { ...texture } };\n\n        return {\n            buffer: {\n                type: \"read-only-storage\",\n                hasDynamicOffset: false,\n                minBindingSize: stride === undefined ? 4 : stride\n            }\n        };\n    }\n\n    return {\n        buffer: {\n            type: \"storage\",\n            hasDynamicOffset: false,\n            minBindingSize: stride === undefined ? 4 : stride\n        }\n    };\n}\n\n/** Texture descriptors by WGSL type (`lowerBindingLayout.js:90-95`). */\nconst TEXTURE_DESCRIPTORS = Object.freeze({\n    \"texture_2d<f32>\": Object.freeze({ sampleType: \"float\", viewDimension: \"2d\", multisampled: false }),\n    \"texture_cube<f32>\": Object.freeze({ sampleType: \"float\", viewDimension: \"cube\", multisampled: false }),\n    \"texture_3d<f32>\": Object.freeze({ sampleType: \"float\", viewDimension: \"3d\", multisampled: false }),\n    \"texture_2d_array<f32>\": Object.freeze({ sampleType: \"float\", viewDimension: \"2d-array\", multisampled: false })\n});\n\n/**\n * Serialises one pass's backend block.\n *\n * @param {object} block Block contents.\n * @param {object[]} [block.bindGroups] Bind groups with their bindings.\n * @param {object[]} [block.transforms] Resource transforms.\n * @returns {Uint8Array} Self-contained block bytes.\n */\nexport function writeBackendBlock(block)\n{\n    const bindGroups = block.bindGroups ?? [];\n    const transforms = block.transforms ?? [];\n    const writer = new CjsByteWriter(256);\n\n    writer.u8(CARBON_EFFECT_BACKEND_BLOCK_VERSION);\n\n    writer.u8(bindGroups.length);\n    for (const group of bindGroups)\n    {\n        writer.u8(group.group);\n        writer.u8(group.bindings.length);\n        for (const binding of group.bindings)\n        {\n            const kind = CARBON_BACKEND_RESOURCE_KIND.indexOf(binding.resourceKind);\n            if (kind < 0)\n            {\n                throw new CjsFormatWriteError(`Unknown resource kind \"${binding.resourceKind}\"`, {\n                    resourceKind: binding.resourceKind\n                });\n            }\n            writer.u8(kind);\n            writer.u8(binding.registerSpace);\n            writer.u8(binding.binding);\n            writer.u8(packVisibility(binding.visibility));\n            writer.u32(binding.registerIndex);\n            writer.u32(binding.structureStride ?? ABSENT);\n            writer.u8(binding.arrayLayerCount ?? 0);\n            writeInlineString(writer, binding.type);\n            writeInlineString(writer, binding.generatedSymbol);\n            // A binding either carries a transform id or it does not; an empty\n            // string is not a legal id, so length zero encodes absence.\n            writeInlineString(writer, binding.transformId ?? \"\");\n        }\n    }\n\n    writer.u8(transforms.length);\n    for (const transform of transforms)\n    {\n        const family = CARBON_BACKEND_TRANSFORM_FAMILY.indexOf(transform.family ?? \"detail-map-array\");\n        if (family < 0)\n        {\n            throw new CjsFormatWriteError(`Unknown transform family \"${transform.family}\"`, {\n                family: transform.family\n            });\n        }\n        writer.u8(family);\n        // `id` stays on the wire: a caller may supply it, and it propagates into\n        // the engine binding as `transformId`. Deriving it would foreclose the\n        // caller-supplied plan path to save four bytes.\n        writeInlineString(writer, transform.id);\n        writer.u8(transform.inputs.length);\n        for (const input of transform.inputs)\n        {\n            // Array position is the layer. Safe because `parameter` stays on the\n            // wire, so layer identity remains cross-checkable rather than\n            // asserted by position.\n            writer.u8(input.registerSpace);\n            writer.u8(input.registerIndex);\n            writeInlineString(writer, input.parameter);\n        }\n    }\n\n    return writer.toBytes();\n}\n\n/**\n * Parses one pass's backend block, restoring every derived field.\n *\n * @param {ArrayBuffer|ArrayBufferView|Uint8Array} bytes Block bytes.\n * @param {object} [options] Read options.\n * @param {string} [options.layoutKey] Enclosing pass key, restored onto records.\n * @param {string} [options.source] Source name for error details.\n * @returns {object} Block contents with derived fields restored.\n */\nexport function readBackendBlock(bytes, options = {})\n{\n    const reader = new CjsByteReader(bytes, { source: options.source ?? \"backend block\" });\n    const layoutKey = options.layoutKey ?? null;\n\n    const version = reader.readUint8();\n    if (version > CARBON_EFFECT_BACKEND_BLOCK_VERSION)\n    {\n        // Forward compatibility: an unknown block version means a newer writer\n        // added fields. Report the pass as having no backend data rather than\n        // misparsing it; the enclosing `{size, offset}` pair makes it skippable.\n        return { version, unsupported: true, bindGroups: [], transforms: [] };\n    }\n\n    const bindGroups = [];\n    const groupCount = reader.readUint8();\n    for (let groupIndex = 0; groupIndex < groupCount; groupIndex += 1)\n    {\n        const group = reader.readUint8();\n        const bindings = [];\n        const bindingCount = reader.readUint8();\n        for (let index = 0; index < bindingCount; index += 1)\n        {\n            const resourceKind = CARBON_BACKEND_RESOURCE_KIND[reader.readUint8()];\n            const registerSpace = reader.readUint8();\n            const binding = reader.readUint8();\n            const visibility = unpackVisibility(reader.readUint8());\n            const registerIndex = reader.readUint32();\n            const structureStride = reader.readUint32();\n            const arrayLayerCount = reader.readUint8();\n            const type = readInlineString(reader);\n            const generatedSymbol = readInlineString(reader);\n            const transformId = readInlineString(reader);\n\n            const identity = `${resourceKind}:${registerSpace}:${registerIndex}`;\n            const record = {\n                group,\n                binding,\n                resourceKind,\n                registerSpace,\n                registerIndex,\n                visibility,\n                type,\n                generatedSymbol,\n                identity,\n                scopeIdentity: `${identity}@${visibility[0]}`,\n                ...(structureStride === ABSENT ? {} : { structureStride }),\n                ...(arrayLayerCount === 0 ? {} : { arrayLayerCount }),\n                ...(transformId === \"\" ? {} : { transformId })\n            };\n            bindings.push({ ...record, ...deriveBindingDescriptor(record) });\n        }\n        bindGroups.push({ group, bindings });\n    }\n\n    const transforms = [];\n    const transformCount = reader.readUint8();\n    for (let index = 0; index < transformCount; index += 1)\n    {\n        const family = CARBON_BACKEND_TRANSFORM_FAMILY[reader.readUint8()];\n        const id = readInlineString(reader);\n        const inputs = [];\n        const inputCount = reader.readUint8();\n        for (let layer = 0; layer < inputCount; layer += 1)\n        {\n            const registerSpace = reader.readUint8();\n            const registerIndex = reader.readUint8();\n            const parameter = readInlineString(reader);\n            const identity = `sampled-resource:${registerSpace}:${registerIndex}`;\n            inputs.push({\n                parameter,\n                layer,\n                identity,\n                scopeIdentity: `${identity}@${DETAIL_MAP_ARRAY_DEFAULTS.stage}`\n            });\n        }\n\n        transforms.push({\n            id,\n            family,\n            version: DETAIL_MAP_ARRAY_DEFAULTS.version,\n            kind: DETAIL_MAP_ARRAY_DEFAULTS.kind,\n            stage: DETAIL_MAP_ARRAY_DEFAULTS.stage,\n            representation: DETAIL_MAP_ARRAY_DEFAULTS.representation,\n            missingLayer: DETAIL_MAP_ARRAY_DEFAULTS.missingLayer,\n            layoutKey,\n            inputs,\n            output: {\n                name: DETAIL_MAP_ARRAY_DEFAULTS.outputName,\n                viewDimension: DETAIL_MAP_ARRAY_DEFAULTS.viewDimension,\n                layerCount: inputs.length,\n                identity: inputs[0]?.identity ?? null,\n                scopeIdentity: inputs[0]?.scopeIdentity ?? null\n            }\n        });\n    }\n\n    // A sized record parsed at a known version must land exactly on its declared\n    // end. Trailing bytes mean the writer knew fields this reader does not — the\n    // same skew an unknown `blobVersion` reports, arriving without a version bump.\n    // This is the only surviving form of a closed-schema check: under a record\n    // layout a field either exists at its offset or the read fails, so there is\n    // nothing per-field left to assert, but exhaustiveness is still checkable and\n    // is exactly what a silently-discarded tail would violate.\n    if (reader.remaining !== 0)\n    {\n        throw new CjsFormatReadError(\n            `Backend block has ${reader.remaining} unparsed trailing byte(s) at version ${version}`,\n            { source: options.source ?? \"backend block\", version, trailingBytes: reader.remaining }\n        );\n    }\n\n    return {\n        version,\n        unsupported: false,\n        layoutKey,\n        bindGroups,\n        transforms,\n        trailingBytes: 0\n    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+{"version":3,"file":"carbonEffectBackendBlock.js","sources":["../../../../src/format/carbonEffect/carbonEffectBackendBlock.js"],"sourcesContent":["import { CjsByteWriter } from \"../CjsByteWriter.js\";\nimport { CjsByteReader } from \"../CjsByteReader.js\";\nimport { CjsFormatReadError, CjsFormatWriteError } from \"../CjsFormatError.js\";\nimport {\n    CARBON_BACKEND_TRANSFORM_FAMILY,\n    DETAIL_MAP_ARRAY_DEFAULTS,\n    readInlineString,\n    readTransformSection,\n    writeInlineString,\n    writeTransformSection\n} from \"./carbonEffectResourceTransform.js\";\n\n/**\n * The WebGPU pass block: bind-group layouts plus the shared resource-transform\n * section.\n *\n * Neither is derivable from Carbon reflection. Carbon's `registers[]` is the D3D\n * binding model, while `(group, binding, visibility, generatedSymbol)` comes from\n * the *lowered IR's* bindings. So this is the port's only genuine invention, and\n * it is built entirely from Carbon's own techniques: count-prefixed fixed-width\n * records inside a blob referenced by `{u32 size, u32 offset}`, exactly like\n * program source.\n *\n * Both sections share **one** block rather than occupying two, because the\n * invariant worth keeping is \"the Carbon region is backend-invariant, with\n * exactly one optional trailing block\". They are also mutually required — a\n * transform needs a carrier binding in the same pass's layout and a transformed\n * binding needs a recipe — so one unit is the honest shape.\n *\n * ## Why the block is self-contained\n *\n * The block lives in the arena so that identical layouts dedupe across bodies the\n * way program source does; measured sharing is 30.5:1 at `(body, pass)`\n * granularity, 22 distinct blocks across 672 pairs.\n *\n * That forces one design consequence: **the block cannot contain arena offsets.**\n * An offset is only known after the arena's content sort, and the sort depends on\n * every blob's bytes — including this one. A block referencing the arena would\n * have to be interned before its own contents could be computed. Carbon never\n * meets this because no Carbon arena blob refers to the arena.\n *\n * So strings are inline here, length-prefixed, not interned. The cost is real but\n * small: a repeated `\"t11\"` inside 22 distinct blocks rather than one shared copy.\n * The block itself is what dedupes, and it dedupes 30x.\n */\n\n/** Current block version. Bump when a field is added; readers may skip unknown. */\nexport const CARBON_EFFECT_BACKEND_BLOCK_VERSION = 1;\n\n/**\n * Resource kinds, ordered so the wire value is stable\n * (`buildWgslSet.js:117-122`).\n */\nexport const CARBON_BACKEND_RESOURCE_KIND = Object.freeze([\n    \"uniform-buffer\",\n    \"sampled-resource\",\n    \"sampler\",\n    \"storage-resource\"\n]);\n\n/** Shader stages, as a bit position in the visibility mask. */\nexport const CARBON_BACKEND_VISIBILITY = Object.freeze([ \"vertex\", \"fragment\", \"compute\" ]);\n\n// The transform section is shared with the GLSL block; both re-export the\n// family enum and defaults so a consumer of either codec sees them.\nexport { CARBON_BACKEND_TRANSFORM_FAMILY, DETAIL_MAP_ARRAY_DEFAULTS };\n\n/** Marks an absent optional `u32`. Carbon's null-reference value. */\nconst ABSENT = 0xffffffff;\n\n/**\n * Encodes a visibility list as a bit mask.\n *\n * @param {string[]} visibility Stage names.\n * @returns {number} Bit mask.\n */\nfunction packVisibility(visibility)\n{\n    let mask = 0;\n    for (const stage of visibility ?? [])\n    {\n        const bit = CARBON_BACKEND_VISIBILITY.indexOf(stage);\n        if (bit < 0)\n        {\n            throw new CjsFormatWriteError(`Unknown binding visibility \"${stage}\"`, { stage });\n        }\n        mask |= 1 << bit;\n    }\n    return mask;\n}\n\n/**\n * Decodes a visibility bit mask, in the canonical stage order.\n *\n * @param {number} mask Bit mask.\n * @returns {string[]} Stage names.\n */\nfunction unpackVisibility(mask)\n{\n    const stages = [];\n    for (let bit = 0; bit < CARBON_BACKEND_VISIBILITY.length; bit += 1)\n    {\n        if (mask & (1 << bit)) stages.push(CARBON_BACKEND_VISIBILITY[bit]);\n    }\n    return stages;\n}\n\n/**\n * Rebuilds a binding's WebGPU descriptor from what the block does store.\n *\n * The descriptor — `buffer`, `texture` or `sampler` — is not on the wire because\n * it is a pure function of the WGSL type, the resource kind and the structure\n * stride, all three of which are. `lowerBindingLayout.js` derives it from the\n * same three inputs on the way out; this derives it back on the way in.\n *\n * The pairs that could collide do not. `array<u32>` reaches both a structured\n * buffer and a compute typed buffer, and the structure stride separates them:\n * structured always carries one, typed never does.\n *\n * @param {object} binding Decoded binding record.\n * @returns {object} The descriptor fragment, as one `{buffer|texture|sampler}` key.\n */\nfunction deriveBindingDescriptor(binding)\n{\n    const stride = binding.structureStride;\n\n    if (binding.resourceKind === \"sampler\")\n    {\n        return { sampler: { type: \"filtering\" } };\n    }\n\n    if (binding.resourceKind === \"uniform-buffer\")\n    {\n        const vec4Count = /^array<vec4<f32>, (\\d+)>$/u.exec(binding.type)?.[1];\n        if (!vec4Count)\n        {\n            throw new CjsFormatReadError(\n                `Backend block uniform binding has untranslatable type \"${binding.type}\"`,\n                { type: binding.type }\n            );\n        }\n        return {\n            buffer: {\n                type: \"uniform\",\n                hasDynamicOffset: false,\n                minBindingSize: Number(vec4Count) * 16\n            }\n        };\n    }\n\n    if (binding.resourceKind === \"sampled-resource\")\n    {\n        const texture = TEXTURE_DESCRIPTORS[binding.type];\n        if (texture) return { texture: { ...texture } };\n\n        return {\n            buffer: {\n                type: \"read-only-storage\",\n                hasDynamicOffset: false,\n                minBindingSize: stride === undefined ? 4 : stride\n            }\n        };\n    }\n\n    return {\n        buffer: {\n            type: \"storage\",\n            hasDynamicOffset: false,\n            minBindingSize: stride === undefined ? 4 : stride\n        }\n    };\n}\n\n/** Texture descriptors by WGSL type (`lowerBindingLayout.js:90-95`). */\nconst TEXTURE_DESCRIPTORS = Object.freeze({\n    \"texture_2d<f32>\": Object.freeze({ sampleType: \"float\", viewDimension: \"2d\", multisampled: false }),\n    \"texture_cube<f32>\": Object.freeze({ sampleType: \"float\", viewDimension: \"cube\", multisampled: false }),\n    \"texture_3d<f32>\": Object.freeze({ sampleType: \"float\", viewDimension: \"3d\", multisampled: false }),\n    \"texture_2d_array<f32>\": Object.freeze({ sampleType: \"float\", viewDimension: \"2d-array\", multisampled: false })\n});\n\n/**\n * Serialises one pass's backend block.\n *\n * @param {object} block Block contents.\n * @param {object[]} [block.bindGroups] Bind groups with their bindings.\n * @param {object[]} [block.transforms] Resource transforms.\n * @returns {Uint8Array} Self-contained block bytes.\n */\nexport function writeBackendBlock(block)\n{\n    const bindGroups = block.bindGroups ?? [];\n    const transforms = block.transforms ?? [];\n    const writer = new CjsByteWriter(256);\n\n    writer.u8(CARBON_EFFECT_BACKEND_BLOCK_VERSION);\n\n    writer.u8(bindGroups.length);\n    for (const group of bindGroups)\n    {\n        writer.u8(group.group);\n        writer.u8(group.bindings.length);\n        for (const binding of group.bindings)\n        {\n            const kind = CARBON_BACKEND_RESOURCE_KIND.indexOf(binding.resourceKind);\n            if (kind < 0)\n            {\n                throw new CjsFormatWriteError(`Unknown resource kind \"${binding.resourceKind}\"`, {\n                    resourceKind: binding.resourceKind\n                });\n            }\n            writer.u8(kind);\n            writer.u8(binding.registerSpace);\n            writer.u8(binding.binding);\n            writer.u8(packVisibility(binding.visibility));\n            writer.u32(binding.registerIndex);\n            writer.u32(binding.structureStride ?? ABSENT);\n            writer.u8(binding.arrayLayerCount ?? 0);\n            writeInlineString(writer, binding.type);\n            writeInlineString(writer, binding.generatedSymbol);\n            // A binding either carries a transform id or it does not; an empty\n            // string is not a legal id, so length zero encodes absence.\n            writeInlineString(writer, binding.transformId ?? \"\");\n        }\n    }\n\n    writeTransformSection(writer, transforms);\n\n    return writer.toBytes();\n}\n\n/**\n * Parses one pass's backend block, restoring every derived field.\n *\n * @param {ArrayBuffer|ArrayBufferView|Uint8Array} bytes Block bytes.\n * @param {object} [options] Read options.\n * @param {string} [options.layoutKey] Enclosing pass key, restored onto records.\n * @param {string} [options.source] Source name for error details.\n * @returns {object} Block contents with derived fields restored.\n */\nexport function readBackendBlock(bytes, options = {})\n{\n    const reader = new CjsByteReader(bytes, { source: options.source ?? \"backend block\" });\n    const layoutKey = options.layoutKey ?? null;\n\n    const version = reader.readUint8();\n    if (version > CARBON_EFFECT_BACKEND_BLOCK_VERSION)\n    {\n        // Forward compatibility: an unknown block version means a newer writer\n        // added fields. Report the pass as having no backend data rather than\n        // misparsing it; the enclosing `{size, offset}` pair makes it skippable.\n        return { version, unsupported: true, bindGroups: [], transforms: [] };\n    }\n\n    const bindGroups = [];\n    const groupCount = reader.readUint8();\n    for (let groupIndex = 0; groupIndex < groupCount; groupIndex += 1)\n    {\n        const group = reader.readUint8();\n        const bindings = [];\n        const bindingCount = reader.readUint8();\n        for (let index = 0; index < bindingCount; index += 1)\n        {\n            const resourceKind = CARBON_BACKEND_RESOURCE_KIND[reader.readUint8()];\n            const registerSpace = reader.readUint8();\n            const binding = reader.readUint8();\n            const visibility = unpackVisibility(reader.readUint8());\n            const registerIndex = reader.readUint32();\n            const structureStride = reader.readUint32();\n            const arrayLayerCount = reader.readUint8();\n            const type = readInlineString(reader);\n            const generatedSymbol = readInlineString(reader);\n            const transformId = readInlineString(reader);\n\n            const identity = `${resourceKind}:${registerSpace}:${registerIndex}`;\n            const record = {\n                group,\n                binding,\n                resourceKind,\n                registerSpace,\n                registerIndex,\n                visibility,\n                type,\n                generatedSymbol,\n                identity,\n                scopeIdentity: `${identity}@${visibility[0]}`,\n                ...(structureStride === ABSENT ? {} : { structureStride }),\n                ...(arrayLayerCount === 0 ? {} : { arrayLayerCount }),\n                ...(transformId === \"\" ? {} : { transformId })\n            };\n            bindings.push({ ...record, ...deriveBindingDescriptor(record) });\n        }\n        bindGroups.push({ group, bindings });\n    }\n\n    const transforms = readTransformSection(reader, layoutKey);\n\n    // A sized record parsed at a known version must land exactly on its declared\n    // end. 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