@blamejs/core 0.7.18 → 0.7.20

package/lib/object-store/sigv4-bucket-ops.js

@@ -1,1092 +1,1092 @@
-"use strict";
-/**
- * sigv4-bucket-ops — bucket-level operations for SigV4 backends.
- *
- * Per-object ops (put / get / list / delete / multipart) live in
- * lib/object-store/sigv4.js and are bound to a single bucket at
- * create() time. Bucket lifecycle ops are at a different level —
- * they need a service-scoped client that addresses arbitrary
- * buckets — so they get their own factory.
- *
- * Operators with multi-cloud ambitions reach for Terraform / CDK /
- * Pulumi. The framework's bucket-ops surface is the operator-from-app
- * path: create the bucket your app needs at boot, attach a lifecycle
- * rule that aborts incomplete multiparts after a week, etc. Niche ops
- * (Object Lock, Replication, Inventory, Notification) are deferred —
- * they're well into Terraform territory.
- *
- * Public API:
- *
- *   var ops = b.objectStore.bucketOps.create({
- *     protocol:        "sigv4",
- *     region:          "us-east-1",
- *     accessKeyId:     env("AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID"),
- *     secretAccessKey: env("AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY"),
- *     endpoint:        "https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com",  // optional
- *     pathStyle:       false,
- *     timeoutMs:       30000,
- *   });
- *
- *   await ops.create("my-bucket", { region: "eu-west-1" });
- *   await ops.delete("my-bucket");
- *   var buckets = await ops.list();          // [{ name, creationDate }]
- *   await ops.setLifecycle("my-bucket", [{
- *     id:     "abort-stale-multiparts",
- *     status: "Enabled",
- *     prefix: "",
- *     abortIncompleteMultipartUpload: { daysAfterInitiation: 7 },
- *   }]);
- *   await ops.setCorsRules("my-bucket", [{
- *     allowedOrigins: ["https://app.example.com"],
- *     allowedMethods: ["GET", "PUT", "POST"],
- *     allowedHeaders: ["*"],
- *     exposeHeaders:  ["ETag"],
- *     maxAgeSeconds:  3600,
- *   }]);
- *
- * Validation rejects every bad input shape at the call site rather
- * than producing a server-side 400. Errors surface as ObjectStoreError
- * with codes (BUCKET_INVALID_NAME, INVALID_LIFECYCLE, INVALID_CORS_RULE,
- * BUCKET_ALREADY_OWNED, BUCKET_NOT_EMPTY, etc.).
- */
-var nodeCrypto = require("crypto");
-var C = require("../constants");
-var requestHelpers = require("../request-helpers");
-var sigv4 = require("./sigv4");
-var sharedRequest = require("./http-request");
-var safeXml = require("../parsers/safe-xml");
-var safeUrl = require("../safe-url");
-var template = require("../template");
-var validateOpts = require("../validate-opts");
-var { ObjectStoreError } = require("../framework-error");
-
-var _err = ObjectStoreError.factory;
-
-// Internal URL builder — endpoint + path string from validated config.
-// Routes through safeUrl.parse so the protocol allowlist + length cap
-// apply uniformly. Cap is generous since presigned-style URLs with many
-// query params can approach 8 KB.
-function _internalUrl(input, allowedProtocols) {
-  return safeUrl.parse(input, {
-    allowedProtocols: allowedProtocols || safeUrl.ALLOW_HTTP_TLS,
-    errorClass:       ObjectStoreError,
-    maxUrlLength:     C.BYTES.kib(32),
-  });
-}
-
-// S3 bucket-name rules (general purpose). Source: AWS docs
-// "Bucket naming rules". Lowercase letters, digits, hyphens; 3..63
-// chars; no consecutive dots; cannot end in -s3alias / -ol-s3 etc.
-// We catch the common-mistake cases at config time; AWS catches the
-// rest at request time.
-var BUCKET_NAME_RE = /^[a-z0-9][a-z0-9.-]{1,61}[a-z0-9]$/;
-
-function _validateBucketName(name) {
-  if (typeof name !== "string" || name.length < 3 || name.length > 63) {
-    throw _err("BUCKET_INVALID_NAME",
-      "bucket name must be a string of length 3..63, got " +
-      (typeof name === "string" ? "length " + name.length : typeof name), true);
-  }
-  // Length is bounded above (3..63) before the regex runs so the
-  // pattern can't be driven against an unbounded input.
-  if (name.length > 63 || !BUCKET_NAME_RE.test(name)) {
-    throw _err("BUCKET_INVALID_NAME",
-      "bucket name '" + name + "' violates S3 naming rules " +
-      "(lowercase, digits, hyphens, dots — no leading/trailing punct)", true);
-  }
-  if (name.indexOf("..") !== -1) {
-    throw _err("BUCKET_INVALID_NAME",
-      "bucket name '" + name + "' contains consecutive dots", true);
-  }
-}
-
-// XML body strings flow through template.escapeHtml — `&#x27;` (which
-// it emits for the apostrophe) is a numeric character reference and
-// is valid in both XML and HTML, where `&apos;` is XML-only. AWS S3
-// accepts both; using the shared HTML escape keeps the framework
-// down to one canonical escape primitive.
-var _xmlEscape = template.escapeHtml;
-
-// AWS PutBucketLifecycle / PutBucketCors require a Content-MD5 header
-// for body integrity (legacy AWS API requirement; SigV4 already covers
-// integrity via x-amz-content-sha256 but the API still validates this).
-// MD5 here is NOT a credential or security primitive — it's an AWS API
-// shape. b.credentialHash is the wrong tool.
-function _md5Base64(buf) {
-  return nodeCrypto.createHash("md5").update(buf).digest("base64");
-}
-
-// ---- Lifecycle XML ----
-
-var ALLOWED_STORAGE_CLASSES = [
-  "STANDARD", "REDUCED_REDUNDANCY", "STANDARD_IA", "ONEZONE_IA",
-  "INTELLIGENT_TIERING", "GLACIER", "DEEP_ARCHIVE", "GLACIER_IR",
-  "EXPRESS_ONEZONE",
-];
-
-function _buildLifecycleXml(rules) {
-  if (!Array.isArray(rules) || rules.length === 0) {
-    throw _err("INVALID_LIFECYCLE",
-      "setLifecycle: rules must be a non-empty array", true);
-  }
-  // S3 spec hard cap on lifecycle rules per bucket.
-  var MAX_LIFECYCLE_RULES = 1000;
-  if (rules.length > MAX_LIFECYCLE_RULES) {
-    throw _err("INVALID_LIFECYCLE",
-      "setLifecycle: maximum " + MAX_LIFECYCLE_RULES + " rules per bucket (S3 spec)", true);
-  }
-  var body = '<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>';
-  body += '<LifecycleConfiguration xmlns="http://s3.amazonaws.com/doc/2006-03-01/">';
-  for (var i = 0; i < rules.length; i++) {
-    var rule = rules[i];
-    if (!rule || typeof rule !== "object") {
-      throw _err("INVALID_LIFECYCLE",
-        "rules[" + i + "] must be an object", true);
-    }
-    var status = rule.status || "Enabled";
-    if (status !== "Enabled" && status !== "Disabled") {
-      throw _err("INVALID_LIFECYCLE",
-        "rules[" + i + "].status must be 'Enabled' or 'Disabled'", true);
-    }
-    if (!rule.expiration && !rule.transition && !rule.abortIncompleteMultipartUpload) {
-      throw _err("INVALID_LIFECYCLE",
-        "rules[" + i + "] must specify at least one of " +
-        "expiration / transition / abortIncompleteMultipartUpload", true);
-    }
-    body += "<Rule>";
-    if (rule.id !== undefined) {
-      if (typeof rule.id !== "string" || rule.id.length === 0) {
-        throw _err("INVALID_LIFECYCLE",
-          "rules[" + i + "].id must be a non-empty string when set", true);
-      }
-      body += "<ID>" + _xmlEscape(rule.id) + "</ID>";
-    }
-    body += "<Filter><Prefix>" + _xmlEscape(rule.prefix || "") + "</Prefix></Filter>";
-    body += "<Status>" + status + "</Status>";
-    if (rule.expiration) {
-      body += "<Expiration>";
-      if (rule.expiration.days !== undefined) {
-        if (typeof rule.expiration.days !== "number" || rule.expiration.days < 1) {
-          throw _err("INVALID_LIFECYCLE",
-            "rules[" + i + "].expiration.days must be a positive integer", true);
-        }
-        body += "<Days>" + rule.expiration.days + "</Days>";
-      }
-      if (rule.expiration.date !== undefined) {
-        body += "<Date>" + _xmlEscape(rule.expiration.date) + "</Date>";
-      }
-      if (rule.expiration.expiredObjectDeleteMarker !== undefined) {
-        body += "<ExpiredObjectDeleteMarker>" +
-          (rule.expiration.expiredObjectDeleteMarker ? "true" : "false") +
-          "</ExpiredObjectDeleteMarker>";
-      }
-      body += "</Expiration>";
-    }
-    if (rule.transition) {
-      if (ALLOWED_STORAGE_CLASSES.indexOf(rule.transition.storageClass) === -1) {
-        throw _err("INVALID_LIFECYCLE",
-          "rules[" + i + "].transition.storageClass must be one of: " +
-          ALLOWED_STORAGE_CLASSES.join(", "), true);
-      }
-      body += "<Transition>";
-      if (rule.transition.days !== undefined) {
-        body += "<Days>" + rule.transition.days + "</Days>";
-      }
-      if (rule.transition.date !== undefined) {
-        body += "<Date>" + _xmlEscape(rule.transition.date) + "</Date>";
-      }
-      body += "<StorageClass>" + rule.transition.storageClass + "</StorageClass>";
-      body += "</Transition>";
-    }
-    if (rule.abortIncompleteMultipartUpload) {
-      var dai = rule.abortIncompleteMultipartUpload.daysAfterInitiation;
-      if (typeof dai !== "number" || dai < 1) {
-        throw _err("INVALID_LIFECYCLE",
-          "rules[" + i + "].abortIncompleteMultipartUpload.daysAfterInitiation " +
-          "must be a positive integer", true);
-      }
-      body += "<AbortIncompleteMultipartUpload>";
-      body += "<DaysAfterInitiation>" + dai + "</DaysAfterInitiation>";
-      body += "</AbortIncompleteMultipartUpload>";
-    }
-    body += "</Rule>";
-  }
-  body += "</LifecycleConfiguration>";
-  return body;
-}
-
-// ---- CORS XML ----
-
-var ALLOWED_CORS_METHODS = ["GET", "PUT", "POST", "DELETE", "HEAD"];
-
-function _buildCorsXml(rules) {
-  if (!Array.isArray(rules) || rules.length === 0) {
-    throw _err("INVALID_CORS_RULE",
-      "setCorsRules: rules must be a non-empty array", true);
-  }
-  if (rules.length > 100) {
-    throw _err("INVALID_CORS_RULE",
-      "setCorsRules: maximum 100 rules per bucket (S3 spec)", true);
-  }
-  var body = '<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>';
-  body += '<CORSConfiguration xmlns="http://s3.amazonaws.com/doc/2006-03-01/">';
-  for (var i = 0; i < rules.length; i++) {
-    var rule = rules[i];
-    if (!rule || typeof rule !== "object") {
-      throw _err("INVALID_CORS_RULE",
-        "rules[" + i + "] must be an object", true);
-    }
-    if (!Array.isArray(rule.allowedOrigins) || rule.allowedOrigins.length === 0) {
-      throw _err("INVALID_CORS_RULE",
-        "rules[" + i + "].allowedOrigins must be a non-empty array", true);
-    }
-    if (!Array.isArray(rule.allowedMethods) || rule.allowedMethods.length === 0) {
-      throw _err("INVALID_CORS_RULE",
-        "rules[" + i + "].allowedMethods must be a non-empty array", true);
-    }
-    for (var m = 0; m < rule.allowedMethods.length; m++) {
-      if (ALLOWED_CORS_METHODS.indexOf(rule.allowedMethods[m]) === -1) {
-        throw _err("INVALID_CORS_RULE",
-          "rules[" + i + "].allowedMethods[" + m + "] must be one of: " +
-          ALLOWED_CORS_METHODS.join(", "), true);
-      }
-    }
-    body += "<CORSRule>";
-    if (rule.id !== undefined) body += "<ID>" + _xmlEscape(rule.id) + "</ID>";
-    rule.allowedOrigins.forEach(function (o) {
-      body += "<AllowedOrigin>" + _xmlEscape(o) + "</AllowedOrigin>";
-    });
-    rule.allowedMethods.forEach(function (m) {
-      body += "<AllowedMethod>" + _xmlEscape(m) + "</AllowedMethod>";
-    });
-    if (Array.isArray(rule.allowedHeaders)) {
-      rule.allowedHeaders.forEach(function (h) {
-        body += "<AllowedHeader>" + _xmlEscape(h) + "</AllowedHeader>";
-      });
-    }
-    if (Array.isArray(rule.exposeHeaders)) {
-      rule.exposeHeaders.forEach(function (h) {
-        body += "<ExposeHeader>" + _xmlEscape(h) + "</ExposeHeader>";
-      });
-    }
-    if (rule.maxAgeSeconds !== undefined) {
-      if (typeof rule.maxAgeSeconds !== "number" || rule.maxAgeSeconds < 0) {
-        throw _err("INVALID_CORS_RULE",
-          "rules[" + i + "].maxAgeSeconds must be a non-negative number", true);
-      }
-      body += "<MaxAgeSeconds>" + rule.maxAgeSeconds + "</MaxAgeSeconds>";
-    }
-    body += "</CORSRule>";
-  }
-  body += "</CORSConfiguration>";
-  if (Buffer.byteLength(body, "utf8") > C.BYTES.kib(64)) {
-    throw _err("INVALID_CORS_RULE",
-      "CORS configuration exceeds 64 KB (S3 spec)", true);
-  }
-  return body;
-}
-
-// ---- Object Lock + Retention + LegalHold validators / XML ----
-
-var OBJECT_LOCK_MODES = ["GOVERNANCE", "COMPLIANCE"];
-var LEGAL_HOLD_STATES = ["ON", "OFF"];
-
-function _validateObjectLockConfig(cfg) {
-  if (!cfg || typeof cfg !== "object") {
-    throw _err("INVALID_OBJECT_LOCK",
-      "setObjectLockConfiguration: opts must be an object " +
-      "with { mode, days|years }", true);
-  }
-  if (OBJECT_LOCK_MODES.indexOf(cfg.mode) === -1) {
-    throw _err("INVALID_OBJECT_LOCK",
-      "mode must be one of " + OBJECT_LOCK_MODES.join(", ") +
-      "; got " + JSON.stringify(cfg.mode), true);
-  }
-  var hasDays  = cfg.days  != null;
-  var hasYears = cfg.years != null;
-  if (hasDays && hasYears) {
-    throw _err("INVALID_OBJECT_LOCK",
-      "specify either days OR years, not both (S3 rule)", true);
-  }
-  if (!hasDays && !hasYears) {
-    throw _err("INVALID_OBJECT_LOCK",
-      "default retention requires days or years", true);
-  }
-  if (hasDays) {
-    if (typeof cfg.days !== "number" || !Number.isInteger(cfg.days) ||
-        cfg.days <= 0) {
-      throw _err("INVALID_OBJECT_LOCK",
-        "days must be a positive integer; got " + JSON.stringify(cfg.days), true);
-    }
-  } else {
-    if (typeof cfg.years !== "number" || !Number.isInteger(cfg.years) ||
-        cfg.years <= 0) {
-      throw _err("INVALID_OBJECT_LOCK",
-        "years must be a positive integer; got " + JSON.stringify(cfg.years), true);
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-function _buildObjectLockConfigXml(cfg) {
-  var body = '<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>';
-  body += '<ObjectLockConfiguration xmlns="http://s3.amazonaws.com/doc/2006-03-01/">';
-  body += '<ObjectLockEnabled>Enabled</ObjectLockEnabled>';
-  body += '<Rule><DefaultRetention>';
-  body += '<Mode>' + cfg.mode + '</Mode>';
-  if (cfg.days != null)  body += '<Days>'  + cfg.days  + '</Days>';
-  if (cfg.years != null) body += '<Years>' + cfg.years + '</Years>';
-  body += '</DefaultRetention></Rule>';
-  body += '</ObjectLockConfiguration>';
-  return body;
-}
-
-function _validateRetention(opts) {
-  if (!opts || typeof opts !== "object") {
-    throw _err("INVALID_RETENTION",
-      "setObjectRetention: opts must be an object " +
-      "with { mode, retainUntil }", true);
-  }
-  if (OBJECT_LOCK_MODES.indexOf(opts.mode) === -1) {
-    throw _err("INVALID_RETENTION",
-      "mode must be one of " + OBJECT_LOCK_MODES.join(", ") +
-      "; got " + JSON.stringify(opts.mode), true);
-  }
-  if (!(opts.retainUntil instanceof Date) || isNaN(opts.retainUntil.getTime())) {
-    throw _err("INVALID_RETENTION",
-      "retainUntil must be a valid Date instance", true);
-  }
-  if (opts.retainUntil.getTime() <= Date.now()) {
-    throw _err("INVALID_RETENTION",
-      "retainUntil must be in the future", true);
-  }
-}
-
-function _buildRetentionXml(opts) {
-  return '<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>' +
-         '<Retention xmlns="http://s3.amazonaws.com/doc/2006-03-01/">' +
-         '<Mode>' + opts.mode + '</Mode>' +
-         '<RetainUntilDate>' + opts.retainUntil.toISOString() + '</RetainUntilDate>' +
-         '</Retention>';
-}
-
-function _validateLegalHoldStatus(status) {
-  if (LEGAL_HOLD_STATES.indexOf(status) === -1) {
-    throw _err("INVALID_LEGAL_HOLD",
-      "legal-hold status must be one of " + LEGAL_HOLD_STATES.join(", ") +
-      "; got " + JSON.stringify(status), true);
-  }
-}
-
-function _buildLegalHoldXml(status) {
-  return '<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>' +
-         '<LegalHold xmlns="http://s3.amazonaws.com/doc/2006-03-01/">' +
-         '<Status>' + status + '</Status>' +
-         '</LegalHold>';
-}
-
-// S3 + MinIO surface "this lock-related state was never set" via two
-// distinct error codes (and HTTP statuses), depending on whether the
-// query is at the bucket level or per-object: bucket-level returns 404 +
-// `ObjectLockConfigurationNotFoundError`; per-object retention/legal-hold
-// returns 4xx + `NoSuchObjectLockConfiguration`. Both translate to the
-// same operator answer: "not set". This helper recognizes both so the
-// `get*` methods can surface a clean default instead of throwing.
-function _isLockNotConfigured(err) {
-  if (!err) return false;
-  if (err.statusCode !== 404 && err.statusCode !== 400) return false;
-  var msg = String(err.message || "");
-  return msg.indexOf("ObjectLockConfigurationNotFoundError") !== -1 ||
-         msg.indexOf("NoSuchObjectLockConfiguration") !== -1;
-}
-
-function _validateObjectKey(key) {
-  if (typeof key !== "string" || key.length === 0) {
-    throw _err("INVALID_KEY", "object key must be a non-empty string", true);
-  }
-  if (key.length > C.BYTES.kib(1)) {
-    throw _err("INVALID_KEY", "object key exceeds 1024 bytes (S3 limit)", true);
-  }
-}
-
-// ---- Public factory ----
-
-function create(config) {
-  if (!config || typeof config !== "object") {
-    throw _err("INVALID_CONFIG", "bucketOps.create requires a config object", true);
-  }
-  validateOpts(config, [
-    "protocol", "region", "accessKeyId", "secretAccessKey", "sessionToken",
-    "endpoint", "pathStyle", "forcePathStyle",
-    "allowedProtocols", "allowInternal", "timeoutMs",
-    "ca",
-    "audit", "observability", "auditSuccess", "auditFailures",
-  ], "bucketOps");
-  if (config.protocol && config.protocol !== "sigv4") {
-    throw _err("INVALID_CONFIG",
-      "bucketOps currently only supports protocol 'sigv4'; got '" +
-      config.protocol + "'. GCS and Azure bucket lifecycle differs " +
-      "substantially per cloud and is operator-managed (Terraform / " +
-      "CDK / Pulumi).", true);
-  }
-  if (!config.region) throw _err("INVALID_CONFIG", "bucketOps: region is required", true);
-  if (!config.accessKeyId) throw _err("INVALID_CONFIG", "bucketOps: accessKeyId is required", true);
-  if (!config.secretAccessKey) throw _err("INVALID_CONFIG", "bucketOps: secretAccessKey is required", true);
-
-  var endpoint = config.endpoint || ("https://s3." + config.region + ".amazonaws.com");
-  if (endpoint.endsWith("/")) endpoint = endpoint.slice(0, -1);
-  var pathStyle = !!(config.pathStyle || config.forcePathStyle);
-  var allowedProtocols = config.allowedProtocols || safeUrl.ALLOW_HTTP_TLS;
-  var allowInternal    = config.allowInternal != null ? config.allowInternal : null;
-  safeUrl.parse(endpoint, {
-    allowedProtocols: allowedProtocols,
-    errorClass:       ObjectStoreError,
-  });
-  var reqOpts = { timeoutMs: config.timeoutMs, allowedProtocols: allowedProtocols };
-  if (allowInternal !== null) reqOpts.allowInternal = allowInternal;
-
-  // Audit + observability are framework-best-practice — wired-on by
-  // default (no operator action needed beyond passing `audit: b.audit`),
-  // failure-audit always on, success-audit on by default for compliance
-  // workloads (SEC 17a-4 / FINRA / HIPAA require a trail of
-  // who-changed-the-retention-policy-and-when). Operators with extreme
-  // call rates can opt out of success-audit via auditSuccess: false;
-  // failures still audit so a forensic reconstruction of "what
-  // happened" is always possible.
-  var audit         = config.audit         || null;
-  var observability = config.observability || null;
-  var auditSuccess  = config.auditSuccess  !== false;
-  var auditFailures = config.auditFailures !== false;
-
-  var _emit = validateOpts.makeAuditEmitter(audit);
-
-  function _emitEvent(name, value, labels) {
-    if (observability) observability.safeEvent(name, value, labels || {});
-  }
-
-  function _actor(callerOpts) {
-    return requestHelpers.resolveActorWithOverride(callerOpts || {}, null);
-  }
-
-  // S3 subresource queries (`?lifecycle`, `?cors`, `?object-lock`,
-  // `?retention`, `?legal-hold`) are *bare* tokens on the wire — the
-  // trailing `=` produced by `URLSearchParams.set(k, "")` is interpreted
-  // by some S3 implementations (MinIO in particular) as "this is a
-  // body-write with a query parameter, not a subresource", which routes
-  // the request to the wrong handler. The SigV4 canonicalizer always
-  // reads `key=value` (with the empty `=`) per AWS spec, so the signature
-  // computation is unaffected; only the wire form differs. To preserve
-  // both behaviors, we build the URL string manually and pass it to the
-  // URL constructor — the constructor preserves the bare token in
-  // `url.search` while `url.searchParams` still presents it as `key=`.
-  function _appendQuery(base, query) {
-    if (!query) return base;
-    var keys = Object.keys(query);
-    if (keys.length === 0) return base;
-    var parts = keys.map(function (k) {
-      var v = query[k];
-      if (v === "" || v == null) return encodeURIComponent(k);
-      return encodeURIComponent(k) + "=" + encodeURIComponent(v);
-    });
-    return base + "?" + parts.join("&");
-  }
-
-  function _bucketUrl(name, query) {
-    var ub = _internalUrl(endpoint, allowedProtocols);
-    if (pathStyle) {
-      ub.pathname = "/" + name + "/";
-    } else {
-      ub.hostname = name + "." + ub.hostname;
-      ub.pathname = "/";
-    }
-    var base = ub.toString();
-    return _internalUrl(_appendQuery(base, query), allowedProtocols);
-  }
-
-  function _objectUrl(name, key, query) {
-    // Each key segment is encoded individually so that legitimate "/"
-    // separators in the key are preserved (S3 treats keys with slashes
-    // as flat names, not directories).
-    var encKey = key.split("/").map(encodeURIComponent).join("/");
-    var uo = _internalUrl(endpoint, allowedProtocols);
-    if (pathStyle) {
-      uo.pathname = "/" + name + "/" + encKey;
-    } else {
-      uo.hostname = name + "." + uo.hostname;
-      uo.pathname = "/" + encKey;
-    }
-    var base = uo.toString();
-    return _internalUrl(_appendQuery(base, query), allowedProtocols);
-  }
-
-  function _serviceUrl(query) {
-    // ListBuckets — service-level, no bucket prefix.
-    var u = _internalUrl(endpoint, allowedProtocols);
-    u.pathname = "/";
-    if (query) {
-      Object.keys(query).forEach(function (k) { u.searchParams.set(k, query[k]); });
-    }
-    return u;
-  }
-
-  function _signed(method, url, payloadHash, extraHeaders) {
-    var signed = sigv4.signRequest({
-      method:          method,
-      url:             url,
-      headers:         extraHeaders || {},
-      payloadHash:     payloadHash,
-      region:          config.region,
-      accessKeyId:     config.accessKeyId,
-      secretAccessKey: config.secretAccessKey,
-      sessionToken:    config.sessionToken,
-    });
-    return signed.headers;
-  }
-
-  function _request(method, url, headers, body) {
-    return sharedRequest(method, url, headers, body, reqOpts);
-  }
-
-  // ---- create ----
-
-  function createBucket(name, opts) {
-    _validateBucketName(name);
-    opts = opts || {};
-    validateOpts(opts, ["region", "objectLockEnabled", "req", "actor"],
-      "bucketOps.create");
-    var targetRegion = opts.region || config.region;
-    var url = _bucketUrl(name);
-    var bodyBuf;
-    var extra = {};
-    // us-east-1 takes an empty body. Other regions need
-    // CreateBucketConfiguration with a LocationConstraint.
-    if (targetRegion && targetRegion !== "us-east-1") {
-      bodyBuf = Buffer.from(
-        '<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>' +
-        '<CreateBucketConfiguration xmlns="http://s3.amazonaws.com/doc/2006-03-01/">' +
-        '<LocationConstraint>' + _xmlEscape(targetRegion) + '</LocationConstraint>' +
-        '</CreateBucketConfiguration>',
-        "utf8"
-      );
-      extra["Content-Type"] = "application/xml";
-      extra["Content-Length"] = String(bodyBuf.length);
-    } else {
-      bodyBuf = Buffer.alloc(0);
-      extra["Content-Length"] = "0";
-    }
-    // Object Lock can ONLY be enabled at create time — flipping it on
-    // a live bucket isn\'t an S3 API. Setting the header on PutBucket
-    // turns on the underlying versioning + write-once-read-many
-    // semantics so subsequent setObjectLockConfiguration / Retention
-    // / LegalHold calls actually do something.
-    if (opts.objectLockEnabled === true) {
-      extra["x-amz-bucket-object-lock-enabled"] = "true";
-    }
-    var payloadHash = sigv4.sha256Hex(bodyBuf);
-    var headers = _signed("PUT", url, payloadHash, extra);
-    return _request("PUT", url, headers, bodyBuf).then(
-      function () {
-        if (auditSuccess) {
-          _emit("objectstore.bucket.create", {
-            actor:    _actor(opts),
-            resource: { kind: "bucket", id: name },
-            metadata: {
-              region:            targetRegion,
-              objectLockEnabled: opts.objectLockEnabled === true,
-            },
-          });
-        }
-        _emitEvent("objectstore.bucket.create", 1,
-          { outcome: "success", region: targetRegion });
-        return { created: true, name: name, region: targetRegion };
-      },
-      function (e) {
-        // Map S3 conflict response codes into stable framework codes.
-        var mapped = e;
-        if (e.statusCode === 409 && /BucketAlreadyOwnedByYou/.test(e.message || "")) {
-          mapped = _err("BUCKET_ALREADY_OWNED",
-            "bucket '" + name + "' already exists and is owned by this account", true);
-        } else if (e.statusCode === 409) {
-          mapped = _err("BUCKET_NAME_TAKEN",
-            "bucket name '" + name + "' is taken in S3's global namespace", true);
-        }
-        if (auditFailures) {
-          _emit("objectstore.bucket.create", {
-            actor:    _actor(opts),
-            resource: { kind: "bucket", id: name },
-            outcome:  "failure",
-            reason:   mapped.code || "error",
-            metadata: { region: targetRegion },
-          });
-        }
-        _emitEvent("objectstore.bucket.create", 1,
-          { outcome: "failure", reason: mapped.code || "error" });
-        throw mapped;
-      }
-    );
-  }
-
-  // ---- delete ----
-
-  function deleteBucket(name, opts) {
-    _validateBucketName(name);
-    opts = opts || {};
-    validateOpts(opts, ["req", "actor"], "bucketOps.delete");
-    var url = _bucketUrl(name);
-    var payloadHash = sigv4.sha256Hex(Buffer.alloc(0));
-    var headers = _signed("DELETE", url, payloadHash);
-    return _request("DELETE", url, headers, null).then(
-      function () {
-        if (auditSuccess) {
-          _emit("objectstore.bucket.delete", {
-            actor:    _actor(opts),
-            resource: { kind: "bucket", id: name },
-            metadata: { existed: true },
-          });
-        }
-        _emitEvent("objectstore.bucket.delete", 1,
-          { outcome: "success", existed: "true" });
-        return true;
-      },
-      function (e) {
-        if (e.statusCode === 404) {
-          // Idempotent: missing bucket → false. Audit as success-with-noop
-          // so the trail still records "operator attempted delete".
-          if (auditSuccess) {
-            _emit("objectstore.bucket.delete", {
-              actor:    _actor(opts),
-              resource: { kind: "bucket", id: name },
-              metadata: { existed: false },
-            });
-          }
-          _emitEvent("objectstore.bucket.delete", 1,
-            { outcome: "success", existed: "false" });
-          return false;
-        }
-        var mapped = e;
-        if (e.statusCode === 409 && /BucketNotEmpty/.test(e.message || "")) {
-          mapped = _err("BUCKET_NOT_EMPTY",
-            "bucket '" + name + "' is not empty; delete all objects + " +
-            "noncurrent versions + delete-markers first", true);
-        }
-        if (auditFailures) {
-          _emit("objectstore.bucket.delete", {
-            actor:    _actor(opts),
-            resource: { kind: "bucket", id: name },
-            outcome:  "failure",
-            reason:   mapped.code || "error",
-          });
-        }
-        _emitEvent("objectstore.bucket.delete", 1,
-          { outcome: "failure", reason: mapped.code || "error" });
-        throw mapped;
-      }
-    );
-  }
-
-  // ---- list ----
-
-  function listBuckets() {
-    var url = _serviceUrl();
-    var payloadHash = sigv4.sha256Hex(Buffer.alloc(0));
-    var headers = _signed("GET", url, payloadHash);
-    return _request("GET", url, headers, null).then(function (res) {
-      var doc = safeXml.parse(res.body);
-      var result = doc.ListAllMyBucketsResult || {};
-      var bucketsContainer = result.Buckets || {};
-      var raw = bucketsContainer.Bucket;
-      var arr;
-      if (!raw) arr = [];
-      else if (Array.isArray(raw)) arr = raw;
-      else arr = [raw];
-      _emitEvent("objectstore.bucket.list", arr.length, { outcome: "success" });
-      return arr.map(function (b) {
-        return {
-          name:         b.Name,
-          creationDate: b.CreationDate ? Date.parse(b.CreationDate) : null,
-          region:       b.BucketRegion || null,
-        };
-      });
-    });
-  }
-
-  // ---- setLifecycle ----
-
-  function setLifecycle(name, rules, opts) {
-    _validateBucketName(name);
-    opts = opts || {};
-    validateOpts(opts, ["req", "actor"], "bucketOps.setLifecycle");
-    var bodyXml = _buildLifecycleXml(rules);
-    var bodyBuf = Buffer.from(bodyXml, "utf8");
-    var url = _bucketUrl(name, { lifecycle: "" });
-    var payloadHash = sigv4.sha256Hex(bodyBuf);
-    var headers = _signed("PUT", url, payloadHash, {
-      "Content-Type":   "application/xml",
-      "Content-Length": String(bodyBuf.length),
-      "Content-MD5":    _md5Base64(bodyBuf),
-    });
-    return _request("PUT", url, headers, bodyBuf).then(
-      function () {
-        if (auditSuccess) {
-          _emit("objectstore.bucket.setLifecycle", {
-            actor:    _actor(opts),
-            resource: { kind: "bucket", id: name },
-            metadata: { ruleCount: rules.length },
-          });
-        }
-        _emitEvent("objectstore.bucket.setLifecycle", 1,
-          { outcome: "success", ruleCount: String(rules.length) });
-        return { applied: true, name: name, ruleCount: rules.length };
-      },
-      function (e) {
-        if (auditFailures) {
-          _emit("objectstore.bucket.setLifecycle", {
-            actor:    _actor(opts),
-            resource: { kind: "bucket", id: name },
-            outcome:  "failure",
-            reason:   e.code || "error",
-          });
-        }
-        _emitEvent("objectstore.bucket.setLifecycle", 1,
-          { outcome: "failure", reason: e.code || "error" });
-        throw e;
-      }
-    );
-  }
-
-  // ---- setCorsRules ----
-
-  function setCorsRules(name, rules, opts) {
-    _validateBucketName(name);
-    opts = opts || {};
-    validateOpts(opts, ["req", "actor"], "bucketOps.setCorsRules");
-    var bodyXml = _buildCorsXml(rules);
-    var bodyBuf = Buffer.from(bodyXml, "utf8");
-    var url = _bucketUrl(name, { cors: "" });
-    var payloadHash = sigv4.sha256Hex(bodyBuf);
-    var headers = _signed("PUT", url, payloadHash, {
-      "Content-Type":   "application/xml",
-      "Content-Length": String(bodyBuf.length),
-      "Content-MD5":    _md5Base64(bodyBuf),
-    });
-    return _request("PUT", url, headers, bodyBuf).then(
-      function () {
-        if (auditSuccess) {
-          _emit("objectstore.bucket.setCorsRules", {
-            actor:    _actor(opts),
-            resource: { kind: "bucket", id: name },
-            metadata: { ruleCount: rules.length },
-          });
-        }
-        _emitEvent("objectstore.bucket.setCorsRules", 1,
-          { outcome: "success", ruleCount: String(rules.length) });
-        return { applied: true, name: name, ruleCount: rules.length };
-      },
-      function (e) {
-        if (auditFailures) {
-          _emit("objectstore.bucket.setCorsRules", {
-            actor:    _actor(opts),
-            resource: { kind: "bucket", id: name },
-            outcome:  "failure",
-            reason:   e.code || "error",
-          });
-        }
-        _emitEvent("objectstore.bucket.setCorsRules", 1,
-          { outcome: "failure", reason: e.code || "error" });
-        throw e;
-      }
-    );
-  }
-
-  // ---- Object Lock configuration (bucket-level) ----
-
-  function setObjectLockConfiguration(name, opts) {
-    _validateBucketName(name);
-    _validateObjectLockConfig(opts);
-    validateOpts(opts, ["mode", "days", "years", "req", "actor"],
-      "bucketOps.setObjectLockConfiguration");
-    var bodyXml = _buildObjectLockConfigXml(opts);
-    var bodyBuf = Buffer.from(bodyXml, "utf8");
-    var url = _bucketUrl(name, { "object-lock": "" });
-    var payloadHash = sigv4.sha256Hex(bodyBuf);
-    var headers = _signed("PUT", url, payloadHash, {
-      "Content-Type":   "application/xml",
-      "Content-Length": String(bodyBuf.length),
-      "Content-MD5":    _md5Base64(bodyBuf),
-    });
-    return _request("PUT", url, headers, bodyBuf).then(
-      function () {
-        // Compliance-critical event — SEC 17a-4 / FINRA / HIPAA require
-        // a trail of who-changed-the-default-retention-policy-and-when.
-        if (auditSuccess) {
-          _emit("objectstore.bucket.setObjectLockConfiguration", {
-            actor:    _actor(opts),
-            resource: { kind: "bucket", id: name },
-            metadata: {
-              mode:  opts.mode,
-              days:  opts.days  != null ? opts.days  : null,
-              years: opts.years != null ? opts.years : null,
-            },
-          });
-        }
-        _emitEvent("objectstore.bucket.setObjectLockConfiguration", 1,
-          { outcome: "success", mode: opts.mode });
-        return {
-          applied: true, name: name,
-          mode:    opts.mode,
-          days:    opts.days  != null ? opts.days  : null,
-          years:   opts.years != null ? opts.years : null,
-        };
-      },
-      function (e) {
-        if (auditFailures) {
-          _emit("objectstore.bucket.setObjectLockConfiguration", {
-            actor:    _actor(opts),
-            resource: { kind: "bucket", id: name },
-            outcome:  "failure",
-            reason:   e.code || "error",
-            metadata: { mode: opts.mode },
-          });
-        }
-        _emitEvent("objectstore.bucket.setObjectLockConfiguration", 1,
-          { outcome: "failure", reason: e.code || "error" });
-        throw e;
-      }
-    );
-  }
-
-  function getObjectLockConfiguration(name) {
-    _validateBucketName(name);
-    _emitEvent("objectstore.bucket.getObjectLockConfiguration", 1,
-      { outcome: "success" });
-    var url = _bucketUrl(name, { "object-lock": "" });
-    var payloadHash = sigv4.sha256Hex(Buffer.alloc(0));
-    var headers = _signed("GET", url, payloadHash);
-    return _request("GET", url, headers, null).then(
-      function (res) {
-        var doc = safeXml.parse(res.body);
-        var olc = doc.ObjectLockConfiguration || {};
-        var enabled = olc.ObjectLockEnabled === "Enabled";
-        var rule = olc.Rule || {};
-        var def  = rule.DefaultRetention || {};
-        return {
-          enabled: enabled,
-          mode:    def.Mode || null,
-          days:    def.Days  != null ? Number(def.Days)  : null,
-          years:   def.Years != null ? Number(def.Years) : null,
-        };
-      },
-      function (e) {
-        // S3 + MinIO return 404 + ObjectLockConfigurationNotFoundError
-        // when the bucket was created without `objectLockEnabled: true`.
-        // That's a "not configured" state, not an error worth bubbling
-        // — operators asking "is this bucket lock-enabled?" want a
-        // clean false, not a try/catch.
-        if (_isLockNotConfigured(e)) {
-          return { enabled: false, mode: null, days: null, years: null };
-        }
-        throw e;
-      }
-    );
-  }
-
-  // ---- Per-object retention ----
-
-  function setObjectRetention(name, key, opts) {
-    _validateBucketName(name);
-    _validateObjectKey(key);
-    _validateRetention(opts);
-    validateOpts(opts, ["mode", "retainUntil", "bypassGovernance", "req", "actor"],
-      "bucketOps.setObjectRetention");
-    var bodyXml = _buildRetentionXml(opts);
-    var bodyBuf = Buffer.from(bodyXml, "utf8");
-    var url = _objectUrl(name, key, { retention: "" });
-    var extra = {
-      "Content-Type":   "application/xml",
-      "Content-Length": String(bodyBuf.length),
-      "Content-MD5":    _md5Base64(bodyBuf),
-    };
-    if (opts.bypassGovernance === true) {
-      extra["x-amz-bypass-governance-retention"] = "true";
-    }
-    var payloadHash = sigv4.sha256Hex(bodyBuf);
-    var headers = _signed("PUT", url, payloadHash, extra);
-    return _request("PUT", url, headers, bodyBuf).then(
-      function () {
-        // Compliance trail — bypassGovernance is the high-risk op
-        // (operator with s3:BypassGovernanceRetention shortened a
-        // GOVERNANCE retention) and operators wire alerting on this
-        // metadata field.
-        if (auditSuccess) {
-          _emit("objectstore.object.setRetention", {
-            actor:    _actor(opts),
-            resource: { kind: "object", id: name + "/" + key },
-            metadata: {
-              bucket:           name,
-              key:              key,
-              mode:             opts.mode,
-              retainUntilIso:   opts.retainUntil.toISOString(),
-              bypassGovernance: opts.bypassGovernance === true,
-            },
-          });
-        }
-        _emitEvent("objectstore.object.setRetention", 1,
-          { outcome: "success", mode: opts.mode,
-            bypassGovernance: opts.bypassGovernance === true ? "true" : "false" });
-        return {
-          applied:     true,
-          name:        name,
-          key:         key,
-          mode:        opts.mode,
-          retainUntil: opts.retainUntil,
-        };
-      },
-      function (e) {
-        if (auditFailures) {
-          _emit("objectstore.object.setRetention", {
-            actor:    _actor(opts),
-            resource: { kind: "object", id: name + "/" + key },
-            outcome:  "failure",
-            reason:   e.code || "error",
-            metadata: {
-              bucket:           name,
-              key:              key,
-              mode:             opts.mode,
-              bypassGovernance: opts.bypassGovernance === true,
-            },
-          });
-        }
-        _emitEvent("objectstore.object.setRetention", 1,
-          { outcome: "failure", reason: e.code || "error" });
-        throw e;
-      }
-    );
-  }
-
-  function getObjectRetention(name, key) {
-    _validateBucketName(name);
-    _validateObjectKey(key);
-    _emitEvent("objectstore.object.getRetention", 1, { outcome: "success" });
-    var url = _objectUrl(name, key, { retention: "" });
-    var payloadHash = sigv4.sha256Hex(Buffer.alloc(0));
-    var headers = _signed("GET", url, payloadHash);
-    return _request("GET", url, headers, null).then(
-      function (res) {
-        var doc = safeXml.parse(res.body);
-        var ret = doc.Retention || {};
-        var until = ret.RetainUntilDate ? new Date(ret.RetainUntilDate) : null;
-        return {
-          mode:        ret.Mode || null,
-          retainUntil: until,
-        };
-      },
-      function (e) {
-        // S3 + MinIO return 4xx + NoSuchObjectLockConfiguration when the
-        // object has no per-object retention applied. Same UX choice as
-        // getObjectLockConfiguration: surface the not-set state cleanly
-        // rather than forcing operators to try/catch on a known-good
-        // request shape.
-        if (_isLockNotConfigured(e)) {
-          return { mode: null, retainUntil: null };
-        }
-        throw e;
-      }
-    );
-  }
-
-  // ---- Per-object legal hold ----
-
-  function setObjectLegalHold(name, key, status, opts) {
-    _validateBucketName(name);
-    _validateObjectKey(key);
-    _validateLegalHoldStatus(status);
-    opts = opts || {};
-    validateOpts(opts, ["req", "actor"], "bucketOps.setObjectLegalHold");
-    var bodyXml = _buildLegalHoldXml(status);
-    var bodyBuf = Buffer.from(bodyXml, "utf8");
-    var url = _objectUrl(name, key, { "legal-hold": "" });
-    var payloadHash = sigv4.sha256Hex(bodyBuf);
-    var headers = _signed("PUT", url, payloadHash, {
-      "Content-Type":   "application/xml",
-      "Content-Length": String(bodyBuf.length),
-      "Content-MD5":    _md5Base64(bodyBuf),
-    });
-    return _request("PUT", url, headers, bodyBuf).then(
-      function () {
-        if (auditSuccess) {
-          _emit("objectstore.object.setLegalHold", {
-            actor:    _actor(opts),
-            resource: { kind: "object", id: name + "/" + key },
-            metadata: { bucket: name, key: key, status: status },
-          });
-        }
-        _emitEvent("objectstore.object.setLegalHold", 1,
-          { outcome: "success", status: status });
-        return { applied: true, name: name, key: key, status: status };
-      },
-      function (e) {
-        if (auditFailures) {
-          _emit("objectstore.object.setLegalHold", {
-            actor:    _actor(opts),
-            resource: { kind: "object", id: name + "/" + key },
-            outcome:  "failure",
-            reason:   e.code || "error",
-            metadata: { bucket: name, key: key, status: status },
-          });
-        }
-        _emitEvent("objectstore.object.setLegalHold", 1,
-          { outcome: "failure", reason: e.code || "error" });
-        throw e;
-      }
-    );
-  }
-
-  function getObjectLegalHold(name, key) {
-    _validateBucketName(name);
-    _validateObjectKey(key);
-    _emitEvent("objectstore.object.getLegalHold", 1, { outcome: "success" });
-    var url = _objectUrl(name, key, { "legal-hold": "" });
-    var payloadHash = sigv4.sha256Hex(Buffer.alloc(0));
-    var headers = _signed("GET", url, payloadHash);
-    return _request("GET", url, headers, null).then(
-      function (res) {
-        var doc = safeXml.parse(res.body);
-        var lh = doc.LegalHold || {};
-        return { status: lh.Status || null };
-      },
-      function (e) {
-        // Object never had a legal hold set — S3 + MinIO surface this
-        // as NoSuchObjectLockConfiguration. Return a clean OFF instead
-        // of throwing; "no hold ever applied" is operationally
-        // identical to "hold is OFF".
-        if (_isLockNotConfigured(e)) {
-          return { status: "OFF" };
-        }
-        throw e;
-      }
-    );
-  }
-
-  return {
-    protocol:                       "sigv4",
-    create:                         createBucket,
-    delete:                         deleteBucket,
-    list:                           listBuckets,
-    setLifecycle:                   setLifecycle,
-    setCorsRules:                   setCorsRules,
-    setObjectLockConfiguration:     setObjectLockConfiguration,
-    getObjectLockConfiguration:     getObjectLockConfiguration,
-    setObjectRetention:             setObjectRetention,
-    getObjectRetention:             getObjectRetention,
-    setObjectLegalHold:             setObjectLegalHold,
-    getObjectLegalHold:             getObjectLegalHold,
-  };
-}
-
-module.exports = {
-  create: create,
-  // Test-only exports for unit-testing the XML builders without
-  // standing up a fake S3 server.
-  _buildLifecycleXmlForTest:        _buildLifecycleXml,
-  _buildCorsXmlForTest:             _buildCorsXml,
-  _validateBucketNameForTest:       _validateBucketName,
-};
+"use strict";
+/**
+ * sigv4-bucket-ops — bucket-level operations for SigV4 backends.
+ *
+ * Per-object ops (put / get / list / delete / multipart) live in
+ * lib/object-store/sigv4.js and are bound to a single bucket at
+ * create() time. Bucket lifecycle ops are at a different level —
+ * they need a service-scoped client that addresses arbitrary
+ * buckets — so they get their own factory.
+ *
+ * Operators with multi-cloud ambitions reach for Terraform / CDK /
+ * Pulumi. The framework's bucket-ops surface is the operator-from-app
+ * path: create the bucket your app needs at boot, attach a lifecycle
+ * rule that aborts incomplete multiparts after a week, etc. Niche ops
+ * (Object Lock, Replication, Inventory, Notification) are deferred —
+ * they're well into Terraform territory.
+ *
+ * Public API:
+ *
+ *   var ops = b.objectStore.bucketOps.create({
+ *     protocol:        "sigv4",
+ *     region:          "us-east-1",
+ *     accessKeyId:     env("AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID"),
+ *     secretAccessKey: env("AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY"),
+ *     endpoint:        "https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com",  // optional
+ *     pathStyle:       false,
+ *     timeoutMs:       30000,
+ *   });
+ *
+ *   await ops.create("my-bucket", { region: "eu-west-1" });
+ *   await ops.delete("my-bucket");
+ *   var buckets = await ops.list();          // [{ name, creationDate }]
+ *   await ops.setLifecycle("my-bucket", [{
+ *     id:     "abort-stale-multiparts",
+ *     status: "Enabled",
+ *     prefix: "",
+ *     abortIncompleteMultipartUpload: { daysAfterInitiation: 7 },
+ *   }]);
+ *   await ops.setCorsRules("my-bucket", [{
+ *     allowedOrigins: ["https://app.example.com"],
+ *     allowedMethods: ["GET", "PUT", "POST"],
+ *     allowedHeaders: ["*"],
+ *     exposeHeaders:  ["ETag"],
+ *     maxAgeSeconds:  3600,
+ *   }]);
+ *
+ * Validation rejects every bad input shape at the call site rather
+ * than producing a server-side 400. Errors surface as ObjectStoreError
+ * with codes (BUCKET_INVALID_NAME, INVALID_LIFECYCLE, INVALID_CORS_RULE,
+ * BUCKET_ALREADY_OWNED, BUCKET_NOT_EMPTY, etc.).
+ */
+var nodeCrypto = require("crypto");
+var C = require("../constants");
+var requestHelpers = require("../request-helpers");
+var sigv4 = require("./sigv4");
+var sharedRequest = require("./http-request");
+var safeXml = require("../parsers/safe-xml");
+var safeUrl = require("../safe-url");
+var template = require("../template");
+var validateOpts = require("../validate-opts");
+var { ObjectStoreError } = require("../framework-error");
+
+var _err = ObjectStoreError.factory;
+
+// Internal URL builder — endpoint + path string from validated config.
+// Routes through safeUrl.parse so the protocol allowlist + length cap
+// apply uniformly. Cap is generous since presigned-style URLs with many
+// query params can approach 8 KB.
+function _internalUrl(input, allowedProtocols) {
+  return safeUrl.parse(input, {
+    allowedProtocols: allowedProtocols || safeUrl.ALLOW_HTTP_TLS,
+    errorClass:       ObjectStoreError,
+    maxUrlLength:     C.BYTES.kib(32),
+  });
+}
+
+// S3 bucket-name rules (general purpose). Source: AWS docs
+// "Bucket naming rules". Lowercase letters, digits, hyphens; 3..63
+// chars; no consecutive dots; cannot end in -s3alias / -ol-s3 etc.
+// We catch the common-mistake cases at config time; AWS catches the
+// rest at request time.
+var BUCKET_NAME_RE = /^[a-z0-9][a-z0-9.-]{1,61}[a-z0-9]$/;
+
+function _validateBucketName(name) {
+  if (typeof name !== "string" || name.length < 3 || name.length > 63) {
+    throw _err("BUCKET_INVALID_NAME",
+      "bucket name must be a string of length 3..63, got " +
+      (typeof name === "string" ? "length " + name.length : typeof name), true);
+  }
+  // Length is bounded above (3..63) before the regex runs so the
+  // pattern can't be driven against an unbounded input.
+  if (name.length > 63 || !BUCKET_NAME_RE.test(name)) {
+    throw _err("BUCKET_INVALID_NAME",
+      "bucket name '" + name + "' violates S3 naming rules " +
+      "(lowercase, digits, hyphens, dots — no leading/trailing punct)", true);
+  }
+  if (name.indexOf("..") !== -1) {
+    throw _err("BUCKET_INVALID_NAME",
+      "bucket name '" + name + "' contains consecutive dots", true);
+  }
+}
+
+// XML body strings flow through template.escapeHtml — `&#x27;` (which
+// it emits for the apostrophe) is a numeric character reference and
+// is valid in both XML and HTML, where `&apos;` is XML-only. AWS S3
+// accepts both; using the shared HTML escape keeps the framework
+// down to one canonical escape primitive.
+var _xmlEscape = template.escapeHtml;
+
+// AWS PutBucketLifecycle / PutBucketCors require a Content-MD5 header
+// for body integrity (legacy AWS API requirement; SigV4 already covers
+// integrity via x-amz-content-sha256 but the API still validates this).
+// MD5 here is NOT a credential or security primitive — it's an AWS API
+// shape. b.credentialHash is the wrong tool.
+function _md5Base64(buf) {
+  return nodeCrypto.createHash("md5").update(buf).digest("base64");
+}
+
+// ---- Lifecycle XML ----
+
+var ALLOWED_STORAGE_CLASSES = [
+  "STANDARD", "REDUCED_REDUNDANCY", "STANDARD_IA", "ONEZONE_IA",
+  "INTELLIGENT_TIERING", "GLACIER", "DEEP_ARCHIVE", "GLACIER_IR",
+  "EXPRESS_ONEZONE",
+];
+
+function _buildLifecycleXml(rules) {
+  if (!Array.isArray(rules) || rules.length === 0) {
+    throw _err("INVALID_LIFECYCLE",
+      "setLifecycle: rules must be a non-empty array", true);
+  }
+  // S3 spec hard cap on lifecycle rules per bucket.
+  var MAX_LIFECYCLE_RULES = 1000;
+  if (rules.length > MAX_LIFECYCLE_RULES) {
+    throw _err("INVALID_LIFECYCLE",
+      "setLifecycle: maximum " + MAX_LIFECYCLE_RULES + " rules per bucket (S3 spec)", true);
+  }
+  var body = '<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>';
+  body += '<LifecycleConfiguration xmlns="http://s3.amazonaws.com/doc/2006-03-01/">';
+  for (var i = 0; i < rules.length; i++) {
+    var rule = rules[i];
+    if (!rule || typeof rule !== "object") {
+      throw _err("INVALID_LIFECYCLE",
+        "rules[" + i + "] must be an object", true);
+    }
+    var status = rule.status || "Enabled";
+    if (status !== "Enabled" && status !== "Disabled") {
+      throw _err("INVALID_LIFECYCLE",
+        "rules[" + i + "].status must be 'Enabled' or 'Disabled'", true);
+    }
+    if (!rule.expiration && !rule.transition && !rule.abortIncompleteMultipartUpload) {
+      throw _err("INVALID_LIFECYCLE",
+        "rules[" + i + "] must specify at least one of " +
+        "expiration / transition / abortIncompleteMultipartUpload", true);
+    }
+    body += "<Rule>";
+    if (rule.id !== undefined) {
+      if (typeof rule.id !== "string" || rule.id.length === 0) {
+        throw _err("INVALID_LIFECYCLE",
+          "rules[" + i + "].id must be a non-empty string when set", true);
+      }
+      body += "<ID>" + _xmlEscape(rule.id) + "</ID>";
+    }
+    body += "<Filter><Prefix>" + _xmlEscape(rule.prefix || "") + "</Prefix></Filter>";
+    body += "<Status>" + status + "</Status>";
+    if (rule.expiration) {
+      body += "<Expiration>";
+      if (rule.expiration.days !== undefined) {
+        if (typeof rule.expiration.days !== "number" || rule.expiration.days < 1) {
+          throw _err("INVALID_LIFECYCLE",
+            "rules[" + i + "].expiration.days must be a positive integer", true);
+        }
+        body += "<Days>" + rule.expiration.days + "</Days>";
+      }
+      if (rule.expiration.date !== undefined) {
+        body += "<Date>" + _xmlEscape(rule.expiration.date) + "</Date>";
+      }
+      if (rule.expiration.expiredObjectDeleteMarker !== undefined) {
+        body += "<ExpiredObjectDeleteMarker>" +
+          (rule.expiration.expiredObjectDeleteMarker ? "true" : "false") +
+          "</ExpiredObjectDeleteMarker>";
+      }
+      body += "</Expiration>";
+    }
+    if (rule.transition) {
+      if (ALLOWED_STORAGE_CLASSES.indexOf(rule.transition.storageClass) === -1) {
+        throw _err("INVALID_LIFECYCLE",
+          "rules[" + i + "].transition.storageClass must be one of: " +
+          ALLOWED_STORAGE_CLASSES.join(", "), true);
+      }
+      body += "<Transition>";
+      if (rule.transition.days !== undefined) {
+        body += "<Days>" + rule.transition.days + "</Days>";
+      }
+      if (rule.transition.date !== undefined) {
+        body += "<Date>" + _xmlEscape(rule.transition.date) + "</Date>";
+      }
+      body += "<StorageClass>" + rule.transition.storageClass + "</StorageClass>";
+      body += "</Transition>";
+    }
+    if (rule.abortIncompleteMultipartUpload) {
+      var dai = rule.abortIncompleteMultipartUpload.daysAfterInitiation;
+      if (typeof dai !== "number" || dai < 1) {
+        throw _err("INVALID_LIFECYCLE",
+          "rules[" + i + "].abortIncompleteMultipartUpload.daysAfterInitiation " +
+          "must be a positive integer", true);
+      }
+      body += "<AbortIncompleteMultipartUpload>";
+      body += "<DaysAfterInitiation>" + dai + "</DaysAfterInitiation>";
+      body += "</AbortIncompleteMultipartUpload>";
+    }
+    body += "</Rule>";
+  }
+  body += "</LifecycleConfiguration>";
+  return body;
+}
+
+// ---- CORS XML ----
+
+var ALLOWED_CORS_METHODS = ["GET", "PUT", "POST", "DELETE", "HEAD"];
+
+function _buildCorsXml(rules) {
+  if (!Array.isArray(rules) || rules.length === 0) {
+    throw _err("INVALID_CORS_RULE",
+      "setCorsRules: rules must be a non-empty array", true);
+  }
+  if (rules.length > 100) {
+    throw _err("INVALID_CORS_RULE",
+      "setCorsRules: maximum 100 rules per bucket (S3 spec)", true);
+  }
+  var body = '<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>';
+  body += '<CORSConfiguration xmlns="http://s3.amazonaws.com/doc/2006-03-01/">';
+  for (var i = 0; i < rules.length; i++) {
+    var rule = rules[i];
+    if (!rule || typeof rule !== "object") {
+      throw _err("INVALID_CORS_RULE",
+        "rules[" + i + "] must be an object", true);
+    }
+    if (!Array.isArray(rule.allowedOrigins) || rule.allowedOrigins.length === 0) {
+      throw _err("INVALID_CORS_RULE",
+        "rules[" + i + "].allowedOrigins must be a non-empty array", true);
+    }
+    if (!Array.isArray(rule.allowedMethods) || rule.allowedMethods.length === 0) {
+      throw _err("INVALID_CORS_RULE",
+        "rules[" + i + "].allowedMethods must be a non-empty array", true);
+    }
+    for (var m = 0; m < rule.allowedMethods.length; m++) {
+      if (ALLOWED_CORS_METHODS.indexOf(rule.allowedMethods[m]) === -1) {
+        throw _err("INVALID_CORS_RULE",
+          "rules[" + i + "].allowedMethods[" + m + "] must be one of: " +
+          ALLOWED_CORS_METHODS.join(", "), true);
+      }
+    }
+    body += "<CORSRule>";
+    if (rule.id !== undefined) body += "<ID>" + _xmlEscape(rule.id) + "</ID>";
+    rule.allowedOrigins.forEach(function (o) {
+      body += "<AllowedOrigin>" + _xmlEscape(o) + "</AllowedOrigin>";
+    });
+    rule.allowedMethods.forEach(function (m) {
+      body += "<AllowedMethod>" + _xmlEscape(m) + "</AllowedMethod>";
+    });
+    if (Array.isArray(rule.allowedHeaders)) {
+      rule.allowedHeaders.forEach(function (h) {
+        body += "<AllowedHeader>" + _xmlEscape(h) + "</AllowedHeader>";
+      });
+    }
+    if (Array.isArray(rule.exposeHeaders)) {
+      rule.exposeHeaders.forEach(function (h) {
+        body += "<ExposeHeader>" + _xmlEscape(h) + "</ExposeHeader>";
+      });
+    }
+    if (rule.maxAgeSeconds !== undefined) {
+      if (typeof rule.maxAgeSeconds !== "number" || rule.maxAgeSeconds < 0) {
+        throw _err("INVALID_CORS_RULE",
+          "rules[" + i + "].maxAgeSeconds must be a non-negative number", true);
+      }
+      body += "<MaxAgeSeconds>" + rule.maxAgeSeconds + "</MaxAgeSeconds>";
+    }
+    body += "</CORSRule>";
+  }
+  body += "</CORSConfiguration>";
+  if (Buffer.byteLength(body, "utf8") > C.BYTES.kib(64)) {
+    throw _err("INVALID_CORS_RULE",
+      "CORS configuration exceeds 64 KB (S3 spec)", true);
+  }
+  return body;
+}
+
+// ---- Object Lock + Retention + LegalHold validators / XML ----
+
+var OBJECT_LOCK_MODES = ["GOVERNANCE", "COMPLIANCE"];
+var LEGAL_HOLD_STATES = ["ON", "OFF"];
+
+function _validateObjectLockConfig(cfg) {
+  if (!cfg || typeof cfg !== "object") {
+    throw _err("INVALID_OBJECT_LOCK",
+      "setObjectLockConfiguration: opts must be an object " +
+      "with { mode, days|years }", true);
+  }
+  if (OBJECT_LOCK_MODES.indexOf(cfg.mode) === -1) {
+    throw _err("INVALID_OBJECT_LOCK",
+      "mode must be one of " + OBJECT_LOCK_MODES.join(", ") +
+      "; got " + JSON.stringify(cfg.mode), true);
+  }
+  var hasDays  = cfg.days  != null;
+  var hasYears = cfg.years != null;
+  if (hasDays && hasYears) {
+    throw _err("INVALID_OBJECT_LOCK",
+      "specify either days OR years, not both (S3 rule)", true);
+  }
+  if (!hasDays && !hasYears) {
+    throw _err("INVALID_OBJECT_LOCK",
+      "default retention requires days or years", true);
+  }
+  if (hasDays) {
+    if (typeof cfg.days !== "number" || !Number.isInteger(cfg.days) ||
+        cfg.days <= 0) {
+      throw _err("INVALID_OBJECT_LOCK",
+        "days must be a positive integer; got " + JSON.stringify(cfg.days), true);
+    }
+  } else {
+    if (typeof cfg.years !== "number" || !Number.isInteger(cfg.years) ||
+        cfg.years <= 0) {
+      throw _err("INVALID_OBJECT_LOCK",
+        "years must be a positive integer; got " + JSON.stringify(cfg.years), true);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+function _buildObjectLockConfigXml(cfg) {
+  var body = '<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>';
+  body += '<ObjectLockConfiguration xmlns="http://s3.amazonaws.com/doc/2006-03-01/">';
+  body += '<ObjectLockEnabled>Enabled</ObjectLockEnabled>';
+  body += '<Rule><DefaultRetention>';
+  body += '<Mode>' + cfg.mode + '</Mode>';
+  if (cfg.days != null)  body += '<Days>'  + cfg.days  + '</Days>';
+  if (cfg.years != null) body += '<Years>' + cfg.years + '</Years>';
+  body += '</DefaultRetention></Rule>';
+  body += '</ObjectLockConfiguration>';
+  return body;
+}
+
+function _validateRetention(opts) {
+  if (!opts || typeof opts !== "object") {
+    throw _err("INVALID_RETENTION",
+      "setObjectRetention: opts must be an object " +
+      "with { mode, retainUntil }", true);
+  }
+  if (OBJECT_LOCK_MODES.indexOf(opts.mode) === -1) {
+    throw _err("INVALID_RETENTION",
+      "mode must be one of " + OBJECT_LOCK_MODES.join(", ") +
+      "; got " + JSON.stringify(opts.mode), true);
+  }
+  if (!(opts.retainUntil instanceof Date) || isNaN(opts.retainUntil.getTime())) {
+    throw _err("INVALID_RETENTION",
+      "retainUntil must be a valid Date instance", true);
+  }
+  if (opts.retainUntil.getTime() <= Date.now()) {
+    throw _err("INVALID_RETENTION",
+      "retainUntil must be in the future", true);
+  }
+}
+
+function _buildRetentionXml(opts) {
+  return '<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>' +
+         '<Retention xmlns="http://s3.amazonaws.com/doc/2006-03-01/">' +
+         '<Mode>' + opts.mode + '</Mode>' +
+         '<RetainUntilDate>' + opts.retainUntil.toISOString() + '</RetainUntilDate>' +
+         '</Retention>';
+}
+
+function _validateLegalHoldStatus(status) {
+  if (LEGAL_HOLD_STATES.indexOf(status) === -1) {
+    throw _err("INVALID_LEGAL_HOLD",
+      "legal-hold status must be one of " + LEGAL_HOLD_STATES.join(", ") +
+      "; got " + JSON.stringify(status), true);
+  }
+}
+
+function _buildLegalHoldXml(status) {
+  return '<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>' +
+         '<LegalHold xmlns="http://s3.amazonaws.com/doc/2006-03-01/">' +
+         '<Status>' + status + '</Status>' +
+         '</LegalHold>';
+}
+
+// S3 + MinIO surface "this lock-related state was never set" via two
+// distinct error codes (and HTTP statuses), depending on whether the
+// query is at the bucket level or per-object: bucket-level returns 404 +
+// `ObjectLockConfigurationNotFoundError`; per-object retention/legal-hold
+// returns 4xx + `NoSuchObjectLockConfiguration`. Both translate to the
+// same operator answer: "not set". This helper recognizes both so the
+// `get*` methods can surface a clean default instead of throwing.
+function _isLockNotConfigured(err) {
+  if (!err) return false;
+  if (err.statusCode !== 404 && err.statusCode !== 400) return false;
+  var msg = String(err.message || "");
+  return msg.indexOf("ObjectLockConfigurationNotFoundError") !== -1 ||
+         msg.indexOf("NoSuchObjectLockConfiguration") !== -1;
+}
+
+function _validateObjectKey(key) {
+  if (typeof key !== "string" || key.length === 0) {
+    throw _err("INVALID_KEY", "object key must be a non-empty string", true);
+  }
+  if (key.length > C.BYTES.kib(1)) {
+    throw _err("INVALID_KEY", "object key exceeds 1024 bytes (S3 limit)", true);
+  }
+}
+
+// ---- Public factory ----
+
+function create(config) {
+  if (!config || typeof config !== "object") {
+    throw _err("INVALID_CONFIG", "bucketOps.create requires a config object", true);
+  }
+  validateOpts(config, [
+    "protocol", "region", "accessKeyId", "secretAccessKey", "sessionToken",
+    "endpoint", "pathStyle", "forcePathStyle",
+    "allowedProtocols", "allowInternal", "timeoutMs",
+    "ca",
+    "audit", "observability", "auditSuccess", "auditFailures",
+  ], "bucketOps");
+  if (config.protocol && config.protocol !== "sigv4") {
+    throw _err("INVALID_CONFIG",
+      "bucketOps currently only supports protocol 'sigv4'; got '" +
+      config.protocol + "'. GCS and Azure bucket lifecycle differs " +
+      "substantially per cloud and is operator-managed (Terraform / " +
+      "CDK / Pulumi).", true);
+  }
+  if (!config.region) throw _err("INVALID_CONFIG", "bucketOps: region is required", true);
+  if (!config.accessKeyId) throw _err("INVALID_CONFIG", "bucketOps: accessKeyId is required", true);
+  if (!config.secretAccessKey) throw _err("INVALID_CONFIG", "bucketOps: secretAccessKey is required", true);
+
+  var endpoint = config.endpoint || ("https://s3." + config.region + ".amazonaws.com");
+  if (endpoint.endsWith("/")) endpoint = endpoint.slice(0, -1);
+  var pathStyle = !!(config.pathStyle || config.forcePathStyle);
+  var allowedProtocols = config.allowedProtocols || safeUrl.ALLOW_HTTP_TLS;
+  var allowInternal    = config.allowInternal != null ? config.allowInternal : null;
+  safeUrl.parse(endpoint, {
+    allowedProtocols: allowedProtocols,
+    errorClass:       ObjectStoreError,
+  });
+  var reqOpts = { timeoutMs: config.timeoutMs, allowedProtocols: allowedProtocols };
+  if (allowInternal !== null) reqOpts.allowInternal = allowInternal;
+
+  // Audit + observability are framework-best-practice — wired-on by
+  // default (no operator action needed beyond passing `audit: b.audit`),
+  // failure-audit always on, success-audit on by default for compliance
+  // workloads (SEC 17a-4 / FINRA / HIPAA require a trail of
+  // who-changed-the-retention-policy-and-when). Operators with extreme
+  // call rates can opt out of success-audit via auditSuccess: false;
+  // failures still audit so a forensic reconstruction of "what
+  // happened" is always possible.
+  var audit         = config.audit         || null;
+  var observability = config.observability || null;
+  var auditSuccess  = config.auditSuccess  !== false;
+  var auditFailures = config.auditFailures !== false;
+
+  var _emit = validateOpts.makeAuditEmitter(audit);
+
+  function _emitEvent(name, value, labels) {
+    if (observability) observability.safeEvent(name, value, labels || {});
+  }
+
+  function _actor(callerOpts) {
+    return requestHelpers.resolveActorWithOverride(callerOpts || {}, null);
+  }
+
+  // S3 subresource queries (`?lifecycle`, `?cors`, `?object-lock`,
+  // `?retention`, `?legal-hold`) are *bare* tokens on the wire — the
+  // trailing `=` produced by `URLSearchParams.set(k, "")` is interpreted
+  // by some S3 implementations (MinIO in particular) as "this is a
+  // body-write with a query parameter, not a subresource", which routes
+  // the request to the wrong handler. The SigV4 canonicalizer always
+  // reads `key=value` (with the empty `=`) per AWS spec, so the signature
+  // computation is unaffected; only the wire form differs. To preserve
+  // both behaviors, we build the URL string manually and pass it to the
+  // URL constructor — the constructor preserves the bare token in
+  // `url.search` while `url.searchParams` still presents it as `key=`.
+  function _appendQuery(base, query) {
+    if (!query) return base;
+    var keys = Object.keys(query);
+    if (keys.length === 0) return base;
+    var parts = keys.map(function (k) {
+      var v = query[k];
+      if (v === "" || v == null) return encodeURIComponent(k);
+      return encodeURIComponent(k) + "=" + encodeURIComponent(v);
+    });
+    return base + "?" + parts.join("&");
+  }
+
+  function _bucketUrl(name, query) {
+    var ub = _internalUrl(endpoint, allowedProtocols);
+    if (pathStyle) {
+      ub.pathname = "/" + name + "/";
+    } else {
+      ub.hostname = name + "." + ub.hostname;
+      ub.pathname = "/";
+    }
+    var base = ub.toString();
+    return _internalUrl(_appendQuery(base, query), allowedProtocols);
+  }
+
+  function _objectUrl(name, key, query) {
+    // Each key segment is encoded individually so that legitimate "/"
+    // separators in the key are preserved (S3 treats keys with slashes
+    // as flat names, not directories).
+    var encKey = key.split("/").map(encodeURIComponent).join("/");
+    var uo = _internalUrl(endpoint, allowedProtocols);
+    if (pathStyle) {
+      uo.pathname = "/" + name + "/" + encKey;
+    } else {
+      uo.hostname = name + "." + uo.hostname;
+      uo.pathname = "/" + encKey;
+    }
+    var base = uo.toString();
+    return _internalUrl(_appendQuery(base, query), allowedProtocols);
+  }
+
+  function _serviceUrl(query) {
+    // ListBuckets — service-level, no bucket prefix.
+    var u = _internalUrl(endpoint, allowedProtocols);
+    u.pathname = "/";
+    if (query) {
+      Object.keys(query).forEach(function (k) { u.searchParams.set(k, query[k]); });
+    }
+    return u;
+  }
+
+  function _signed(method, url, payloadHash, extraHeaders) {
+    var signed = sigv4.signRequest({
+      method:          method,
+      url:             url,
+      headers:         extraHeaders || {},
+      payloadHash:     payloadHash,
+      region:          config.region,
+      accessKeyId:     config.accessKeyId,
+      secretAccessKey: config.secretAccessKey,
+      sessionToken:    config.sessionToken,
+    });
+    return signed.headers;
+  }
+
+  function _request(method, url, headers, body) {
+    return sharedRequest(method, url, headers, body, reqOpts);
+  }
+
+  // ---- create ----
+
+  function createBucket(name, opts) {
+    _validateBucketName(name);
+    opts = opts || {};
+    validateOpts(opts, ["region", "objectLockEnabled", "req", "actor"],
+      "bucketOps.create");
+    var targetRegion = opts.region || config.region;
+    var url = _bucketUrl(name);
+    var bodyBuf;
+    var extra = {};
+    // us-east-1 takes an empty body. Other regions need
+    // CreateBucketConfiguration with a LocationConstraint.
+    if (targetRegion && targetRegion !== "us-east-1") {
+      bodyBuf = Buffer.from(
+        '<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>' +
+        '<CreateBucketConfiguration xmlns="http://s3.amazonaws.com/doc/2006-03-01/">' +
+        '<LocationConstraint>' + _xmlEscape(targetRegion) + '</LocationConstraint>' +
+        '</CreateBucketConfiguration>',
+        "utf8"
+      );
+      extra["Content-Type"] = "application/xml";
+      extra["Content-Length"] = String(bodyBuf.length);
+    } else {
+      bodyBuf = Buffer.alloc(0);
+      extra["Content-Length"] = "0";
+    }
+    // Object Lock can ONLY be enabled at create time — flipping it on
+    // a live bucket isn\'t an S3 API. Setting the header on PutBucket
+    // turns on the underlying versioning + write-once-read-many
+    // semantics so subsequent setObjectLockConfiguration / Retention
+    // / LegalHold calls actually do something.
+    if (opts.objectLockEnabled === true) {
+      extra["x-amz-bucket-object-lock-enabled"] = "true";
+    }
+    var payloadHash = sigv4.sha256Hex(bodyBuf);
+    var headers = _signed("PUT", url, payloadHash, extra);
+    return _request("PUT", url, headers, bodyBuf).then(
+      function () {
+        if (auditSuccess) {
+          _emit("objectstore.bucket.create", {
+            actor:    _actor(opts),
+            resource: { kind: "bucket", id: name },
+            metadata: {
+              region:            targetRegion,
+              objectLockEnabled: opts.objectLockEnabled === true,
+            },
+          });
+        }
+        _emitEvent("objectstore.bucket.create", 1,
+          { outcome: "success", region: targetRegion });
+        return { created: true, name: name, region: targetRegion };
+      },
+      function (e) {
+        // Map S3 conflict response codes into stable framework codes.
+        var mapped = e;
+        if (e.statusCode === 409 && /BucketAlreadyOwnedByYou/.test(e.message || "")) {
+          mapped = _err("BUCKET_ALREADY_OWNED",
+            "bucket '" + name + "' already exists and is owned by this account", true);
+        } else if (e.statusCode === 409) {
+          mapped = _err("BUCKET_NAME_TAKEN",
+            "bucket name '" + name + "' is taken in S3's global namespace", true);
+        }
+        if (auditFailures) {
+          _emit("objectstore.bucket.create", {
+            actor:    _actor(opts),
+            resource: { kind: "bucket", id: name },
+            outcome:  "failure",
+            reason:   mapped.code || "error",
+            metadata: { region: targetRegion },
+          });
+        }
+        _emitEvent("objectstore.bucket.create", 1,
+          { outcome: "failure", reason: mapped.code || "error" });
+        throw mapped;
+      }
+    );
+  }
+
+  // ---- delete ----
+
+  function deleteBucket(name, opts) {
+    _validateBucketName(name);
+    opts = opts || {};
+    validateOpts(opts, ["req", "actor"], "bucketOps.delete");
+    var url = _bucketUrl(name);
+    var payloadHash = sigv4.sha256Hex(Buffer.alloc(0));
+    var headers = _signed("DELETE", url, payloadHash);
+    return _request("DELETE", url, headers, null).then(
+      function () {
+        if (auditSuccess) {
+          _emit("objectstore.bucket.delete", {
+            actor:    _actor(opts),
+            resource: { kind: "bucket", id: name },
+            metadata: { existed: true },
+          });
+        }
+        _emitEvent("objectstore.bucket.delete", 1,
+          { outcome: "success", existed: "true" });
+        return true;
+      },
+      function (e) {
+        if (e.statusCode === 404) {
+          // Idempotent: missing bucket → false. Audit as success-with-noop
+          // so the trail still records "operator attempted delete".
+          if (auditSuccess) {
+            _emit("objectstore.bucket.delete", {
+              actor:    _actor(opts),
+              resource: { kind: "bucket", id: name },
+              metadata: { existed: false },
+            });
+          }
+          _emitEvent("objectstore.bucket.delete", 1,
+            { outcome: "success", existed: "false" });
+          return false;
+        }
+        var mapped = e;
+        if (e.statusCode === 409 && /BucketNotEmpty/.test(e.message || "")) {
+          mapped = _err("BUCKET_NOT_EMPTY",
+            "bucket '" + name + "' is not empty; delete all objects + " +
+            "noncurrent versions + delete-markers first", true);
+        }
+        if (auditFailures) {
+          _emit("objectstore.bucket.delete", {
+            actor:    _actor(opts),
+            resource: { kind: "bucket", id: name },
+            outcome:  "failure",
+            reason:   mapped.code || "error",
+          });
+        }
+        _emitEvent("objectstore.bucket.delete", 1,
+          { outcome: "failure", reason: mapped.code || "error" });
+        throw mapped;
+      }
+    );
+  }
+
+  // ---- list ----
+
+  function listBuckets() {
+    var url = _serviceUrl();
+    var payloadHash = sigv4.sha256Hex(Buffer.alloc(0));
+    var headers = _signed("GET", url, payloadHash);
+    return _request("GET", url, headers, null).then(function (res) {
+      var doc = safeXml.parse(res.body);
+      var result = doc.ListAllMyBucketsResult || {};
+      var bucketsContainer = result.Buckets || {};
+      var raw = bucketsContainer.Bucket;
+      var arr;
+      if (!raw) arr = [];
+      else if (Array.isArray(raw)) arr = raw;
+      else arr = [raw];
+      _emitEvent("objectstore.bucket.list", arr.length, { outcome: "success" });
+      return arr.map(function (b) {
+        return {
+          name:         b.Name,
+          creationDate: b.CreationDate ? Date.parse(b.CreationDate) : null,
+          region:       b.BucketRegion || null,
+        };
+      });
+    });
+  }
+
+  // ---- setLifecycle ----
+
+  function setLifecycle(name, rules, opts) {
+    _validateBucketName(name);
+    opts = opts || {};
+    validateOpts(opts, ["req", "actor"], "bucketOps.setLifecycle");
+    var bodyXml = _buildLifecycleXml(rules);
+    var bodyBuf = Buffer.from(bodyXml, "utf8");
+    var url = _bucketUrl(name, { lifecycle: "" });
+    var payloadHash = sigv4.sha256Hex(bodyBuf);
+    var headers = _signed("PUT", url, payloadHash, {
+      "Content-Type":   "application/xml",
+      "Content-Length": String(bodyBuf.length),
+      "Content-MD5":    _md5Base64(bodyBuf),
+    });
+    return _request("PUT", url, headers, bodyBuf).then(
+      function () {
+        if (auditSuccess) {
+          _emit("objectstore.bucket.setLifecycle", {
+            actor:    _actor(opts),
+            resource: { kind: "bucket", id: name },
+            metadata: { ruleCount: rules.length },
+          });
+        }
+        _emitEvent("objectstore.bucket.setLifecycle", 1,
+          { outcome: "success", ruleCount: String(rules.length) });
+        return { applied: true, name: name, ruleCount: rules.length };
+      },
+      function (e) {
+        if (auditFailures) {
+          _emit("objectstore.bucket.setLifecycle", {
+            actor:    _actor(opts),
+            resource: { kind: "bucket", id: name },
+            outcome:  "failure",
+            reason:   e.code || "error",
+          });
+        }
+        _emitEvent("objectstore.bucket.setLifecycle", 1,
+          { outcome: "failure", reason: e.code || "error" });
+        throw e;
+      }
+    );
+  }
+
+  // ---- setCorsRules ----
+
+  function setCorsRules(name, rules, opts) {
+    _validateBucketName(name);
+    opts = opts || {};
+    validateOpts(opts, ["req", "actor"], "bucketOps.setCorsRules");
+    var bodyXml = _buildCorsXml(rules);
+    var bodyBuf = Buffer.from(bodyXml, "utf8");
+    var url = _bucketUrl(name, { cors: "" });
+    var payloadHash = sigv4.sha256Hex(bodyBuf);
+    var headers = _signed("PUT", url, payloadHash, {
+      "Content-Type":   "application/xml",
+      "Content-Length": String(bodyBuf.length),
+      "Content-MD5":    _md5Base64(bodyBuf),
+    });
+    return _request("PUT", url, headers, bodyBuf).then(
+      function () {
+        if (auditSuccess) {
+          _emit("objectstore.bucket.setCorsRules", {
+            actor:    _actor(opts),
+            resource: { kind: "bucket", id: name },
+            metadata: { ruleCount: rules.length },
+          });
+        }
+        _emitEvent("objectstore.bucket.setCorsRules", 1,
+          { outcome: "success", ruleCount: String(rules.length) });
+        return { applied: true, name: name, ruleCount: rules.length };
+      },
+      function (e) {
+        if (auditFailures) {
+          _emit("objectstore.bucket.setCorsRules", {
+            actor:    _actor(opts),
+            resource: { kind: "bucket", id: name },
+            outcome:  "failure",
+            reason:   e.code || "error",
+          });
+        }
+        _emitEvent("objectstore.bucket.setCorsRules", 1,
+          { outcome: "failure", reason: e.code || "error" });
+        throw e;
+      }
+    );
+  }
+
+  // ---- Object Lock configuration (bucket-level) ----
+
+  function setObjectLockConfiguration(name, opts) {
+    _validateBucketName(name);
+    _validateObjectLockConfig(opts);
+    validateOpts(opts, ["mode", "days", "years", "req", "actor"],
+      "bucketOps.setObjectLockConfiguration");
+    var bodyXml = _buildObjectLockConfigXml(opts);
+    var bodyBuf = Buffer.from(bodyXml, "utf8");
+    var url = _bucketUrl(name, { "object-lock": "" });
+    var payloadHash = sigv4.sha256Hex(bodyBuf);
+    var headers = _signed("PUT", url, payloadHash, {
+      "Content-Type":   "application/xml",
+      "Content-Length": String(bodyBuf.length),
+      "Content-MD5":    _md5Base64(bodyBuf),
+    });
+    return _request("PUT", url, headers, bodyBuf).then(
+      function () {
+        // Compliance-critical event — SEC 17a-4 / FINRA / HIPAA require
+        // a trail of who-changed-the-default-retention-policy-and-when.
+        if (auditSuccess) {
+          _emit("objectstore.bucket.setObjectLockConfiguration", {
+            actor:    _actor(opts),
+            resource: { kind: "bucket", id: name },
+            metadata: {
+              mode:  opts.mode,
+              days:  opts.days  != null ? opts.days  : null,
+              years: opts.years != null ? opts.years : null,
+            },
+          });
+        }
+        _emitEvent("objectstore.bucket.setObjectLockConfiguration", 1,
+          { outcome: "success", mode: opts.mode });
+        return {
+          applied: true, name: name,
+          mode:    opts.mode,
+          days:    opts.days  != null ? opts.days  : null,
+          years:   opts.years != null ? opts.years : null,
+        };
+      },
+      function (e) {
+        if (auditFailures) {
+          _emit("objectstore.bucket.setObjectLockConfiguration", {
+            actor:    _actor(opts),
+            resource: { kind: "bucket", id: name },
+            outcome:  "failure",
+            reason:   e.code || "error",
+            metadata: { mode: opts.mode },
+          });
+        }
+        _emitEvent("objectstore.bucket.setObjectLockConfiguration", 1,
+          { outcome: "failure", reason: e.code || "error" });
+        throw e;
+      }
+    );
+  }
+
+  function getObjectLockConfiguration(name) {
+    _validateBucketName(name);
+    _emitEvent("objectstore.bucket.getObjectLockConfiguration", 1,
+      { outcome: "success" });
+    var url = _bucketUrl(name, { "object-lock": "" });
+    var payloadHash = sigv4.sha256Hex(Buffer.alloc(0));
+    var headers = _signed("GET", url, payloadHash);
+    return _request("GET", url, headers, null).then(
+      function (res) {
+        var doc = safeXml.parse(res.body);
+        var olc = doc.ObjectLockConfiguration || {};
+        var enabled = olc.ObjectLockEnabled === "Enabled";
+        var rule = olc.Rule || {};
+        var def  = rule.DefaultRetention || {};
+        return {
+          enabled: enabled,
+          mode:    def.Mode || null,
+          days:    def.Days  != null ? Number(def.Days)  : null,
+          years:   def.Years != null ? Number(def.Years) : null,
+        };
+      },
+      function (e) {
+        // S3 + MinIO return 404 + ObjectLockConfigurationNotFoundError
+        // when the bucket was created without `objectLockEnabled: true`.
+        // That's a "not configured" state, not an error worth bubbling
+        // — operators asking "is this bucket lock-enabled?" want a
+        // clean false, not a try/catch.
+        if (_isLockNotConfigured(e)) {
+          return { enabled: false, mode: null, days: null, years: null };
+        }
+        throw e;
+      }
+    );
+  }
+
+  // ---- Per-object retention ----
+
+  function setObjectRetention(name, key, opts) {
+    _validateBucketName(name);
+    _validateObjectKey(key);
+    _validateRetention(opts);
+    validateOpts(opts, ["mode", "retainUntil", "bypassGovernance", "req", "actor"],
+      "bucketOps.setObjectRetention");
+    var bodyXml = _buildRetentionXml(opts);
+    var bodyBuf = Buffer.from(bodyXml, "utf8");
+    var url = _objectUrl(name, key, { retention: "" });
+    var extra = {
+      "Content-Type":   "application/xml",
+      "Content-Length": String(bodyBuf.length),
+      "Content-MD5":    _md5Base64(bodyBuf),
+    };
+    if (opts.bypassGovernance === true) {
+      extra["x-amz-bypass-governance-retention"] = "true";
+    }
+    var payloadHash = sigv4.sha256Hex(bodyBuf);
+    var headers = _signed("PUT", url, payloadHash, extra);
+    return _request("PUT", url, headers, bodyBuf).then(
+      function () {
+        // Compliance trail — bypassGovernance is the high-risk op
+        // (operator with s3:BypassGovernanceRetention shortened a
+        // GOVERNANCE retention) and operators wire alerting on this
+        // metadata field.
+        if (auditSuccess) {
+          _emit("objectstore.object.setRetention", {
+            actor:    _actor(opts),
+            resource: { kind: "object", id: name + "/" + key },
+            metadata: {
+              bucket:           name,
+              key:              key,
+              mode:             opts.mode,
+              retainUntilIso:   opts.retainUntil.toISOString(),
+              bypassGovernance: opts.bypassGovernance === true,
+            },
+          });
+        }
+        _emitEvent("objectstore.object.setRetention", 1,
+          { outcome: "success", mode: opts.mode,
+            bypassGovernance: opts.bypassGovernance === true ? "true" : "false" });
+        return {
+          applied:     true,
+          name:        name,
+          key:         key,
+          mode:        opts.mode,
+          retainUntil: opts.retainUntil,
+        };
+      },
+      function (e) {
+        if (auditFailures) {
+          _emit("objectstore.object.setRetention", {
+            actor:    _actor(opts),
+            resource: { kind: "object", id: name + "/" + key },
+            outcome:  "failure",
+            reason:   e.code || "error",
+            metadata: {
+              bucket:           name,
+              key:              key,
+              mode:             opts.mode,
+              bypassGovernance: opts.bypassGovernance === true,
+            },
+          });
+        }
+        _emitEvent("objectstore.object.setRetention", 1,
+          { outcome: "failure", reason: e.code || "error" });
+        throw e;
+      }
+    );
+  }
+
+  function getObjectRetention(name, key) {
+    _validateBucketName(name);
+    _validateObjectKey(key);
+    _emitEvent("objectstore.object.getRetention", 1, { outcome: "success" });
+    var url = _objectUrl(name, key, { retention: "" });
+    var payloadHash = sigv4.sha256Hex(Buffer.alloc(0));
+    var headers = _signed("GET", url, payloadHash);
+    return _request("GET", url, headers, null).then(
+      function (res) {
+        var doc = safeXml.parse(res.body);
+        var ret = doc.Retention || {};
+        var until = ret.RetainUntilDate ? new Date(ret.RetainUntilDate) : null;
+        return {
+          mode:        ret.Mode || null,
+          retainUntil: until,
+        };
+      },
+      function (e) {
+        // S3 + MinIO return 4xx + NoSuchObjectLockConfiguration when the
+        // object has no per-object retention applied. Same UX choice as
+        // getObjectLockConfiguration: surface the not-set state cleanly
+        // rather than forcing operators to try/catch on a known-good
+        // request shape.
+        if (_isLockNotConfigured(e)) {
+          return { mode: null, retainUntil: null };
+        }
+        throw e;
+      }
+    );
+  }
+
+  // ---- Per-object legal hold ----
+
+  function setObjectLegalHold(name, key, status, opts) {
+    _validateBucketName(name);
+    _validateObjectKey(key);
+    _validateLegalHoldStatus(status);
+    opts = opts || {};
+    validateOpts(opts, ["req", "actor"], "bucketOps.setObjectLegalHold");
+    var bodyXml = _buildLegalHoldXml(status);
+    var bodyBuf = Buffer.from(bodyXml, "utf8");
+    var url = _objectUrl(name, key, { "legal-hold": "" });
+    var payloadHash = sigv4.sha256Hex(bodyBuf);
+    var headers = _signed("PUT", url, payloadHash, {
+      "Content-Type":   "application/xml",
+      "Content-Length": String(bodyBuf.length),
+      "Content-MD5":    _md5Base64(bodyBuf),
+    });
+    return _request("PUT", url, headers, bodyBuf).then(
+      function () {
+        if (auditSuccess) {
+          _emit("objectstore.object.setLegalHold", {
+            actor:    _actor(opts),
+            resource: { kind: "object", id: name + "/" + key },
+            metadata: { bucket: name, key: key, status: status },
+          });
+        }
+        _emitEvent("objectstore.object.setLegalHold", 1,
+          { outcome: "success", status: status });
+        return { applied: true, name: name, key: key, status: status };
+      },
+      function (e) {
+        if (auditFailures) {
+          _emit("objectstore.object.setLegalHold", {
+            actor:    _actor(opts),
+            resource: { kind: "object", id: name + "/" + key },
+            outcome:  "failure",
+            reason:   e.code || "error",
+            metadata: { bucket: name, key: key, status: status },
+          });
+        }
+        _emitEvent("objectstore.object.setLegalHold", 1,
+          { outcome: "failure", reason: e.code || "error" });
+        throw e;
+      }
+    );
+  }
+
+  function getObjectLegalHold(name, key) {
+    _validateBucketName(name);
+    _validateObjectKey(key);
+    _emitEvent("objectstore.object.getLegalHold", 1, { outcome: "success" });
+    var url = _objectUrl(name, key, { "legal-hold": "" });
+    var payloadHash = sigv4.sha256Hex(Buffer.alloc(0));
+    var headers = _signed("GET", url, payloadHash);
+    return _request("GET", url, headers, null).then(
+      function (res) {
+        var doc = safeXml.parse(res.body);
+        var lh = doc.LegalHold || {};
+        return { status: lh.Status || null };
+      },
+      function (e) {
+        // Object never had a legal hold set — S3 + MinIO surface this
+        // as NoSuchObjectLockConfiguration. Return a clean OFF instead
+        // of throwing; "no hold ever applied" is operationally
+        // identical to "hold is OFF".
+        if (_isLockNotConfigured(e)) {
+          return { status: "OFF" };
+        }
+        throw e;
+      }
+    );
+  }
+
+  return {
+    protocol:                       "sigv4",
+    create:                         createBucket,
+    delete:                         deleteBucket,
+    list:                           listBuckets,
+    setLifecycle:                   setLifecycle,
+    setCorsRules:                   setCorsRules,
+    setObjectLockConfiguration:     setObjectLockConfiguration,
+    getObjectLockConfiguration:     getObjectLockConfiguration,
+    setObjectRetention:             setObjectRetention,
+    getObjectRetention:             getObjectRetention,
+    setObjectLegalHold:             setObjectLegalHold,
+    getObjectLegalHold:             getObjectLegalHold,
+  };
+}
+
+module.exports = {
+  create: create,
+  // Test-only exports for unit-testing the XML builders without
+  // standing up a fake S3 server.
+  _buildLifecycleXmlForTest:        _buildLifecycleXml,
+  _buildCorsXmlForTest:             _buildCorsXml,
+  _validateBucketNameForTest:       _validateBucketName,
+};