@ai-ecoverse/wasix-ruby 3.4.11-1

package/lib/ruby/3.4.11/open-uri.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,895 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+require 'uri'
+require 'stringio'
+require 'time'
+
+module URI
+  # Allows the opening of various resources including URIs.
+  #
+  # If the first argument responds to the 'open' method, 'open' is called on
+  # it with the rest of the arguments.
+  #
+  # If the first argument is a string that begins with <code>(protocol)://</code>, it is parsed by
+  # URI.parse.  If the parsed object responds to the 'open' method,
+  # 'open' is called on it with the rest of the arguments.
+  #
+  # Otherwise, Kernel#open is called.
+  #
+  # OpenURI::OpenRead#open provides URI::HTTP#open, URI::HTTPS#open and
+  # URI::FTP#open, Kernel#open.
+  #
+  # We can accept URIs and strings that begin with http://, https:// and
+  # ftp://. In these cases, the opened file object is extended by OpenURI::Meta.
+  def self.open(name, *rest, &block)
+    if name.respond_to?(:open)
+      name.open(*rest, &block)
+    elsif name.respond_to?(:to_str) &&
+          %r{\A[A-Za-z][A-Za-z0-9+\-\.]*://} =~ name &&
+          (uri = URI.parse(name)).respond_to?(:open)
+      uri.open(*rest, &block)
+    else
+      super
+    end
+  end
+  singleton_class.send(:ruby2_keywords, :open) if respond_to?(:ruby2_keywords, true)
+end
+
+# OpenURI is an easy-to-use wrapper for Net::HTTP, Net::HTTPS and Net::FTP.
+#
+# == Example
+#
+# It is possible to open an http, https or ftp URL as though it were a file:
+#
+#   URI.open("http://www.ruby-lang.org/") {|f|
+#     f.each_line {|line| p line}
+#   }
+#
+# The opened file has several getter methods for its meta-information, as
+# follows, since it is extended by OpenURI::Meta.
+#
+#   URI.open("http://www.ruby-lang.org/en") {|f|
+#     f.each_line {|line| p line}
+#     p f.base_uri         # <URI::HTTP:0x40e6ef2 URL:http://www.ruby-lang.org/en/>
+#     p f.content_type     # "text/html"
+#     p f.charset          # "iso-8859-1"
+#     p f.content_encoding # []
+#     p f.last_modified    # Thu Dec 05 02:45:02 UTC 2002
+#   }
+#
+# Additional header fields can be specified by an optional hash argument.
+#
+#   URI.open("http://www.ruby-lang.org/en/",
+#     "User-Agent" => "Ruby/#{RUBY_VERSION}",
+#     "From" => "foo@bar.invalid",
+#     "Referer" => "http://www.ruby-lang.org/") {|f|
+#     # ...
+#   }
+#
+# The environment variables such as http_proxy, https_proxy and ftp_proxy
+# are in effect by default. Here we disable proxy:
+#
+#   URI.open("http://www.ruby-lang.org/en/", :proxy => nil) {|f|
+#     # ...
+#   }
+#
+# See OpenURI::OpenRead.open and URI.open for more on available options.
+#
+# URI objects can be opened in a similar way.
+#
+#   uri = URI.parse("http://www.ruby-lang.org/en/")
+#   uri.open {|f|
+#     # ...
+#   }
+#
+# URI objects can be read directly. The returned string is also extended by
+# OpenURI::Meta.
+#
+#   str = uri.read
+#   p str.base_uri
+#
+# Author:: Tanaka Akira <akr@m17n.org>
+
+module OpenURI
+
+  VERSION = "0.5.0"
+
+  Options = {
+    :proxy => true,
+    :proxy_http_basic_authentication => true,
+    :progress_proc => true,
+    :content_length_proc => true,
+    :http_basic_authentication => true,
+    :read_timeout => true,
+    :open_timeout => true,
+    :ssl_ca_cert => nil,
+    :ssl_verify_mode => nil,
+    :ssl_min_version => nil,
+    :ssl_max_version => nil,
+    :ftp_active_mode => false,
+    :redirect => true,
+    :encoding => nil,
+    :max_redirects => 64,
+    :request_specific_fields => nil,
+  }
+
+  def OpenURI.check_options(options) # :nodoc:
+    options.each {|k, v|
+      next unless Symbol === k
+      unless Options.include? k
+        raise ArgumentError, "unrecognized option: #{k}"
+      end
+    }
+  end
+
+  def OpenURI.scan_open_optional_arguments(*rest) # :nodoc:
+    if !rest.empty? && (String === rest.first || Integer === rest.first)
+      mode = rest.shift
+      if !rest.empty? && Integer === rest.first
+        perm = rest.shift
+      end
+    end
+    return mode, perm, rest
+  end
+
+  def OpenURI.open_uri(name, *rest) # :nodoc:
+    uri = URI::Generic === name ? name : URI.parse(name)
+    mode, _, rest = OpenURI.scan_open_optional_arguments(*rest)
+    options = rest.shift if !rest.empty? && Hash === rest.first
+    raise ArgumentError.new("extra arguments") if !rest.empty?
+    options ||= {}
+    OpenURI.check_options(options)
+
+    if /\Arb?(?:\Z|:([^:]+))/ =~ mode
+      encoding, = $1,Encoding.find($1) if $1
+      mode = nil
+    end
+    if options.has_key? :encoding
+      if !encoding.nil?
+        raise ArgumentError, "encoding specified twice"
+      end
+      encoding = Encoding.find(options[:encoding])
+    end
+    if options.has_key? :request_specific_fields
+      if !(options[:request_specific_fields].is_a?(Hash) || options[:request_specific_fields].is_a?(Proc))
+        raise ArgumentError, "Invalid request_specific_fields option: #{options[:request_specific_fields].inspect}"
+      end
+    end
+    unless mode == nil ||
+           mode == 'r' || mode == 'rb' ||
+           mode == File::RDONLY
+      raise ArgumentError.new("invalid access mode #{mode} (#{uri.class} resource is read only.)")
+    end
+
+    io = open_loop(uri, options)
+    io.set_encoding(encoding) if encoding
+    if block_given?
+      begin
+        yield io
+      ensure
+        if io.respond_to? :close!
+          io.close! # Tempfile
+        else
+          io.close if !io.closed?
+        end
+      end
+    else
+      io
+    end
+  end
+
+  def OpenURI.open_loop(uri, options) # :nodoc:
+    proxy_opts = []
+    proxy_opts << :proxy_http_basic_authentication if options.include? :proxy_http_basic_authentication
+    proxy_opts << :proxy if options.include? :proxy
+    proxy_opts.compact!
+    if 1 < proxy_opts.length
+      raise ArgumentError, "multiple proxy options specified"
+    end
+    case proxy_opts.first
+    when :proxy_http_basic_authentication
+      opt_proxy, proxy_user, proxy_pass = options.fetch(:proxy_http_basic_authentication)
+      proxy_user = proxy_user.to_str
+      proxy_pass = proxy_pass.to_str
+      if opt_proxy == true
+        raise ArgumentError.new("Invalid authenticated proxy option: #{options[:proxy_http_basic_authentication].inspect}")
+      end
+    when :proxy
+      opt_proxy = options.fetch(:proxy)
+      proxy_user = nil
+      proxy_pass = nil
+    when nil
+      opt_proxy = true
+      proxy_user = nil
+      proxy_pass = nil
+    end
+    case opt_proxy
+    when true
+      find_proxy = lambda {|u| pxy = u.find_proxy; pxy ? [pxy, nil, nil] : nil}
+    when nil, false
+      find_proxy = lambda {|u| nil}
+    when String
+      opt_proxy = URI.parse(opt_proxy)
+      find_proxy = lambda {|u| [opt_proxy, proxy_user, proxy_pass]}
+    when URI::Generic
+      find_proxy = lambda {|u| [opt_proxy, proxy_user, proxy_pass]}
+    else
+      raise ArgumentError.new("Invalid proxy option: #{opt_proxy}")
+    end
+
+    uri_set = {}
+    max_redirects = options[:max_redirects] || Options.fetch(:max_redirects)
+    buf = nil
+    while true
+      request_specific_fields = {}
+      if options.has_key? :request_specific_fields
+        request_specific_fields = if options[:request_specific_fields].is_a?(Hash)
+                                    options[:request_specific_fields]
+                                  else options[:request_specific_fields].is_a?(Proc)
+                                    options[:request_specific_fields].call(uri)
+                                  end
+      end
+      redirect = catch(:open_uri_redirect) {
+        buf = Buffer.new
+        uri.buffer_open(buf, find_proxy.call(uri), options.merge(request_specific_fields))
+        nil
+      }
+      if redirect
+        if redirect.relative?
+          # Although it violates RFC2616, Location: field may have relative
+          # URI.  It is converted to absolute URI using uri as a base URI.
+          redirect = uri + redirect
+        end
+        if !options.fetch(:redirect, true)
+          raise HTTPRedirect.new(buf.io.status.join(' '), buf.io, redirect)
+        end
+        unless OpenURI.redirectable?(uri, redirect)
+          raise "redirection forbidden: #{uri} -> #{redirect}"
+        end
+        if options.include? :http_basic_authentication
+          # send authentication only for the URI directly specified.
+          options = options.dup
+          options.delete :http_basic_authentication
+        end
+        if options.include?(:request_specific_fields) && options[:request_specific_fields].is_a?(Hash)
+          # Send request specific headers only for the initial request.
+          options.delete :request_specific_fields
+        end
+        uri = redirect
+        raise "HTTP redirection loop: #{uri}" if uri_set.include? uri.to_s
+        uri_set[uri.to_s] = true
+        raise TooManyRedirects.new("Too many redirects", buf.io) if max_redirects && uri_set.size > max_redirects
+      else
+        break
+      end
+    end
+    io = buf.io
+    io.base_uri = uri
+    io
+  end
+
+  def OpenURI.redirectable?(uri1, uri2) # :nodoc:
+    # This test is intended to forbid a redirection from http://... to
+    # file:///etc/passwd, file:///dev/zero, etc.  CVE-2011-1521
+    # https to http redirect is also forbidden intentionally.
+    # It avoids sending secure cookie or referer by non-secure HTTP protocol.
+    # (RFC 2109 4.3.1, RFC 2965 3.3, RFC 2616 15.1.3)
+    # However this is ad hoc.  It should be extensible/configurable.
+    uri1.scheme.downcase == uri2.scheme.downcase ||
+    (/\A(?:http|ftp)\z/i =~ uri1.scheme && /\A(?:https?|ftp)\z/i =~ uri2.scheme)
+  end
+
+  def OpenURI.open_http(buf, target, proxy, options) # :nodoc:
+    if proxy
+      proxy_uri, proxy_user, proxy_pass = proxy
+      raise "Non-HTTP proxy URI: #{proxy_uri}" if proxy_uri.class != URI::HTTP
+    end
+
+    if target.userinfo
+      raise ArgumentError, "userinfo not supported.  [RFC3986]"
+    end
+
+    header = {}
+    options.each {|k, v| header[k] = v if String === k }
+
+    require 'net/http'
+    klass = Net::HTTP
+    if URI::HTTP === target
+      # HTTP or HTTPS
+      if proxy
+        unless proxy_user && proxy_pass
+          proxy_user, proxy_pass = proxy_uri.userinfo.split(':') if proxy_uri.userinfo
+        end
+        if proxy_user && proxy_pass
+          klass = Net::HTTP::Proxy(proxy_uri.hostname, proxy_uri.port, proxy_user, proxy_pass)
+        else
+          klass = Net::HTTP::Proxy(proxy_uri.hostname, proxy_uri.port)
+        end
+      end
+      target_host = target.hostname
+      target_port = target.port
+      request_uri = target.request_uri
+    else
+      # FTP over HTTP proxy
+      target_host = proxy_uri.hostname
+      target_port = proxy_uri.port
+      request_uri = target.to_s
+      if proxy_user && proxy_pass
+        header["Proxy-Authorization"] =
+                        'Basic ' + ["#{proxy_user}:#{proxy_pass}"].pack('m0')
+      end
+    end
+
+    http = proxy ? klass.new(target_host, target_port) : klass.new(target_host, target_port, nil)
+    if target.class == URI::HTTPS
+      require 'net/https'
+      http.use_ssl = true
+      http.verify_mode = options[:ssl_verify_mode] || OpenSSL::SSL::VERIFY_PEER
+      http.min_version = options[:ssl_min_version]
+      http.max_version = options[:ssl_max_version]
+      store = OpenSSL::X509::Store.new
+      if options[:ssl_ca_cert]
+        Array(options[:ssl_ca_cert]).each do |cert|
+          if File.directory? cert
+            store.add_path cert
+          else
+            store.add_file cert
+          end
+        end
+      else
+        store.set_default_paths
+      end
+      http.cert_store = store
+    end
+    if options.include? :read_timeout
+      http.read_timeout = options[:read_timeout]
+    end
+    if options.include? :open_timeout
+      http.open_timeout = options[:open_timeout]
+    end
+
+    resp = nil
+    http.start {
+      req = Net::HTTP::Get.new(request_uri, header)
+      if options.include? :http_basic_authentication
+        user, pass = options[:http_basic_authentication]
+        req.basic_auth user, pass
+      end
+      http.request(req) {|response|
+        resp = response
+        if options[:content_length_proc] && Net::HTTPSuccess === resp
+          if resp.key?('Content-Length')
+            options[:content_length_proc].call(resp['Content-Length'].to_i)
+          else
+            options[:content_length_proc].call(nil)
+          end
+        end
+        resp.read_body {|str|
+          buf << str
+          if options[:progress_proc] && Net::HTTPSuccess === resp
+            options[:progress_proc].call(buf.size)
+          end
+          str.clear
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    io = buf.io
+    io.rewind
+    io.status = [resp.code, resp.message]
+    resp.each_name {|name| buf.io.meta_add_field2 name, resp.get_fields(name) }
+    case resp
+    when Net::HTTPSuccess
+    when Net::HTTPMovedPermanently, # 301
+         Net::HTTPFound, # 302
+         Net::HTTPSeeOther, # 303
+         Net::HTTPTemporaryRedirect, # 307
+         Net::HTTPPermanentRedirect # 308
+      begin
+        loc_uri = URI.parse(resp['location'])
+      rescue URI::InvalidURIError
+        raise OpenURI::HTTPError.new(io.status.join(' ') + ' (Invalid Location URI)', io)
+      end
+      throw :open_uri_redirect, loc_uri
+    else
+      raise OpenURI::HTTPError.new(io.status.join(' '), io)
+    end
+  end
+
+  class HTTPError < StandardError
+    def initialize(message, io)
+      super(message)
+      @io = io
+    end
+    attr_reader :io
+  end
+
+  # Raised on redirection,
+  # only occurs when +redirect+ option for HTTP is +false+.
+  class HTTPRedirect < HTTPError
+    def initialize(message, io, uri)
+      super(message, io)
+      @uri = uri
+    end
+    attr_reader :uri
+  end
+
+  class TooManyRedirects < HTTPError
+  end
+
+  class Buffer # :nodoc: all
+    def initialize
+      @io = StringIO.new
+      @size = 0
+    end
+    attr_reader :size
+
+    StringMax = 10240
+    def <<(str)
+      @io << str
+      @size += str.length
+      if StringIO === @io && StringMax < @size
+        require 'tempfile'
+        io = Tempfile.new('open-uri')
+        io.binmode
+        Meta.init io, @io if Meta === @io
+        io << @io.string
+        @io = io
+      end
+    end
+
+    def io
+      Meta.init @io unless Meta === @io
+      @io
+    end
+  end
+
+  # :stopdoc:
+  RE_LWS = /[\r\n\t ]+/n
+  RE_TOKEN = %r{[^\x00- ()<>@,;:\\"/\[\]?={}\x7f]+}n
+  RE_QUOTED_STRING = %r{"(?:[\r\n\t !#-\[\]-~\x80-\xff]|\\[\x00-\x7f])*"}n
+  RE_PARAMETERS = %r{(?:;#{RE_LWS}?#{RE_TOKEN}#{RE_LWS}?=#{RE_LWS}?(?:#{RE_TOKEN}|#{RE_QUOTED_STRING})#{RE_LWS}?)*}n
+  # :startdoc:
+
+  # Mixin for holding meta-information.
+  module Meta
+    def Meta.init(obj, src=nil) # :nodoc:
+      obj.extend Meta
+      obj.instance_eval {
+        @base_uri = nil
+        @meta = {} # name to string.  legacy.
+        @metas = {} # name to array of strings.
+      }
+      if src
+        obj.status = src.status
+        obj.base_uri = src.base_uri
+        src.metas.each {|name, values|
+          obj.meta_add_field2(name, values)
+        }
+      end
+    end
+
+    # returns an Array that consists of status code and message.
+    attr_accessor :status
+
+    # returns a URI that is the base of relative URIs in the data.
+    # It may differ from the URI supplied by a user due to redirection.
+    attr_accessor :base_uri
+
+    # returns a Hash that represents header fields.
+    # The Hash keys are downcased for canonicalization.
+    # The Hash values are a field body.
+    # If there are multiple field with same field name,
+    # the field values are concatenated with a comma.
+    attr_reader :meta
+
+    # returns a Hash that represents header fields.
+    # The Hash keys are downcased for canonicalization.
+    # The Hash value are an array of field values.
+    attr_reader :metas
+
+    def meta_setup_encoding # :nodoc:
+      charset = self.charset
+      enc = nil
+      if charset
+        begin
+          enc = Encoding.find(charset)
+        rescue ArgumentError
+        end
+      end
+      enc = Encoding::ASCII_8BIT unless enc
+      if self.respond_to? :force_encoding
+        self.force_encoding(enc)
+      elsif self.respond_to? :string
+        self.string.force_encoding(enc)
+      else # Tempfile
+        self.set_encoding enc
+      end
+    end
+
+    def meta_add_field2(name, values) # :nodoc:
+      name = name.downcase
+      @metas[name] = values
+      @meta[name] = values.join(', ')
+      meta_setup_encoding if name == 'content-type'
+    end
+
+    def meta_add_field(name, value) # :nodoc:
+      meta_add_field2(name, [value])
+    end
+
+    # returns a Time that represents the Last-Modified field.
+    def last_modified
+      if vs = @metas['last-modified']
+        v = vs.join(', ')
+        Time.httpdate(v)
+      else
+        nil
+      end
+    end
+
+    def content_type_parse # :nodoc:
+      vs = @metas['content-type']
+      # The last (?:;#{RE_LWS}?)? matches extra ";" which violates RFC2045.
+      if vs && %r{\A#{RE_LWS}?(#{RE_TOKEN})#{RE_LWS}?/(#{RE_TOKEN})#{RE_LWS}?(#{RE_PARAMETERS})(?:;#{RE_LWS}?)?\z}no =~ vs.join(', ')
+        type = $1.downcase
+        subtype = $2.downcase
+        parameters = []
+        $3.scan(/;#{RE_LWS}?(#{RE_TOKEN})#{RE_LWS}?=#{RE_LWS}?(?:(#{RE_TOKEN})|(#{RE_QUOTED_STRING}))/no) {|att, val, qval|
+          if qval
+            val = qval[1...-1].gsub(/[\r\n\t !#-\[\]-~\x80-\xff]+|(\\[\x00-\x7f])/n) { $1 ? $1[1,1] : $& }
+          end
+          parameters << [att.downcase, val]
+        }
+        ["#{type}/#{subtype}", *parameters]
+      else
+        nil
+      end
+    end
+
+    # returns "type/subtype" which is MIME Content-Type.
+    # It is downcased for canonicalization.
+    # Content-Type parameters are stripped.
+    def content_type
+      type, *_ = content_type_parse
+      type || 'application/octet-stream'
+    end
+
+    # returns a charset parameter in Content-Type field.
+    # It is downcased for canonicalization.
+    #
+    # If charset parameter is not given but a block is given,
+    # the block is called and its result is returned.
+    # It can be used to guess charset.
+    #
+    # If charset parameter and block is not given,
+    # nil is returned except text type.
+    # In that case, "utf-8" is returned as defined by RFC6838 4.2.1
+    def charset
+      type, *parameters = content_type_parse
+      if pair = parameters.assoc('charset')
+        pair.last.downcase
+      elsif block_given?
+        yield
+      elsif type && %r{\Atext/} =~ type
+        "utf-8" # RFC6838 4.2.1
+      else
+        nil
+      end
+    end
+
+    # Returns a list of encodings in Content-Encoding field as an array of
+    # strings.
+    #
+    # The encodings are downcased for canonicalization.
+    def content_encoding
+      vs = @metas['content-encoding']
+      if vs && %r{\A#{RE_LWS}?#{RE_TOKEN}#{RE_LWS}?(?:,#{RE_LWS}?#{RE_TOKEN}#{RE_LWS}?)*}o =~ (v = vs.join(', '))
+        v.scan(RE_TOKEN).map {|content_coding| content_coding.downcase}
+      else
+        []
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  # Mixin for HTTP and FTP URIs.
+  module OpenRead
+    # OpenURI::OpenRead#open provides `open' for URI::HTTP and URI::FTP.
+    #
+    # OpenURI::OpenRead#open takes optional 3 arguments as:
+    #
+    #   OpenURI::OpenRead#open([mode [, perm]] [, options]) [{|io| ... }]
+    #
+    # OpenURI::OpenRead#open returns an IO-like object if block is not given.
+    # Otherwise it yields the IO object and return the value of the block.
+    # The IO object is extended with OpenURI::Meta.
+    #
+    # +mode+ and +perm+ are the same as Kernel#open.
+    #
+    # However, +mode+ must be read mode because OpenURI::OpenRead#open doesn't
+    # support write mode (yet).
+    # Also +perm+ is ignored because it is meaningful only for file creation.
+    #
+    # +options+ must be a hash.
+    #
+    # Each option with a string key specifies an extra header field for HTTP.
+    # I.e., it is ignored for FTP without HTTP proxy.
+    #
+    # The hash may include other options, where keys are symbols:
+    #
+    # [:proxy]
+    #  Synopsis:
+    #    :proxy => "http://proxy.foo.com:8000/"
+    #    :proxy => URI.parse("http://proxy.foo.com:8000/")
+    #    :proxy => true
+    #    :proxy => false
+    #    :proxy => nil
+    #
+    #  If :proxy option is specified, the value should be String, URI,
+    #  boolean or nil.
+    #
+    #  When String or URI is given, it is treated as proxy URI.
+    #
+    #  When true is given or the option itself is not specified,
+    #  environment variable `scheme_proxy' is examined.
+    #  `scheme' is replaced by `http', `https' or `ftp'.
+    #
+    #  When false or nil is given, the environment variables are ignored and
+    #  connection will be made to a server directly.
+    #
+    # [:proxy_http_basic_authentication]
+    #  Synopsis:
+    #    :proxy_http_basic_authentication =>
+    #      ["http://proxy.foo.com:8000/", "proxy-user", "proxy-password"]
+    #    :proxy_http_basic_authentication =>
+    #      [URI.parse("http://proxy.foo.com:8000/"),
+    #       "proxy-user", "proxy-password"]
+    #
+    #  If :proxy option is specified, the value should be an Array with 3
+    #  elements.  It should contain a proxy URI, a proxy user name and a proxy
+    #  password.  The proxy URI should be a String, an URI or nil.  The proxy
+    #  user name and password should be a String.
+    #
+    #  If nil is given for the proxy URI, this option is just ignored.
+    #
+    #  If :proxy and :proxy_http_basic_authentication is specified,
+    #  ArgumentError is raised.
+    #
+    # [:http_basic_authentication]
+    #  Synopsis:
+    #    :http_basic_authentication=>[user, password]
+    #
+    #  If :http_basic_authentication is specified,
+    #  the value should be an array which contains 2 strings:
+    #  username and password.
+    #  It is used for HTTP Basic authentication defined by RFC 2617.
+    #
+    # [:content_length_proc]
+    #  Synopsis:
+    #    :content_length_proc => lambda {|content_length| ... }
+    #
+    #  If :content_length_proc option is specified, the option value procedure
+    #  is called before actual transfer is started.
+    #  It takes one argument, which is expected content length in bytes.
+    #
+    #  If two or more transfers are performed by HTTP redirection, the
+    #  procedure is called only once for the last transfer.
+    #
+    #  When expected content length is unknown, the procedure is called with
+    #  nil.  This happens when the HTTP response has no Content-Length header.
+    #
+    # [:progress_proc]
+    #  Synopsis:
+    #    :progress_proc => lambda {|size| ...}
+    #
+    #  If :progress_proc option is specified, the proc is called with one
+    #  argument each time when `open' gets content fragment from network.
+    #  The argument +size+ is the accumulated transferred size in bytes.
+    #
+    #  If two or more transfer is done by HTTP redirection, the procedure
+    #  is called only one for a last transfer.
+    #
+    #  :progress_proc and :content_length_proc are intended to be used for
+    #  progress bar.
+    #  For example, it can be implemented as follows using Ruby/ProgressBar.
+    #
+    #    pbar = nil
+    #    open("http://...",
+    #      :content_length_proc => lambda {|t|
+    #        if t && 0 < t
+    #          pbar = ProgressBar.new("...", t)
+    #          pbar.file_transfer_mode
+    #        end
+    #      },
+    #      :progress_proc => lambda {|s|
+    #        pbar.set s if pbar
+    #      }) {|f| ... }
+    #
+    # [:read_timeout]
+    #  Synopsis:
+    #    :read_timeout=>nil     (no timeout)
+    #    :read_timeout=>10      (10 second)
+    #
+    #  :read_timeout option specifies a timeout of read for http connections.
+    #
+    # [:open_timeout]
+    #  Synopsis:
+    #    :open_timeout=>nil     (no timeout)
+    #    :open_timeout=>10      (10 second)
+    #
+    #  :open_timeout option specifies a timeout of open for http connections.
+    #
+    # [:ssl_ca_cert]
+    #  Synopsis:
+    #    :ssl_ca_cert=>filename or an Array of filenames
+    #
+    #  :ssl_ca_cert is used to specify CA certificate for SSL.
+    #  If it is given, default certificates are not used.
+    #
+    # [:ssl_verify_mode]
+    #  Synopsis:
+    #    :ssl_verify_mode=>mode
+    #
+    #  :ssl_verify_mode is used to specify openssl verify mode.
+    #
+    # [:ssl_min_version]
+    #  Synopsis:
+    #    :ssl_min_version=>:TLS1_2
+    #
+    #  :ssl_min_version option specifies the minimum allowed SSL/TLS protocol
+    #  version.  See also OpenSSL::SSL::SSLContext#min_version=.
+    #
+    # [:ssl_max_version]
+    #  Synopsis:
+    #    :ssl_max_version=>:TLS1_2
+    #
+    #  :ssl_max_version option specifies the maximum allowed SSL/TLS protocol
+    #  version.  See also OpenSSL::SSL::SSLContext#max_version=.
+    #
+    # [:ftp_active_mode]
+    #  Synopsis:
+    #    :ftp_active_mode=>bool
+    #
+    #  <tt>:ftp_active_mode => true</tt> is used to make ftp active mode.
+    #  Ruby 1.9 uses passive mode by default.
+    #  Note that the active mode is default in Ruby 1.8 or prior.
+    #
+    # [:redirect]
+    #  Synopsis:
+    #    :redirect=>bool
+    #
+    #  +:redirect+ is true by default.  <tt>:redirect => false</tt> is used to
+    #  disable all HTTP redirects.
+    #
+    #  OpenURI::HTTPRedirect exception raised on redirection.
+    #  Using +true+ also means that redirections between http and ftp are
+    #  permitted.
+    #
+    # [:max_redirects]
+    #  Synopsis:
+    #    :max_redirects=>int
+    #
+    #  Number of HTTP redirects allowed before OpenURI::TooManyRedirects is raised.
+    #  The default is 64.
+    #
+    # [:request_specific_fields]
+    #  Synopsis:
+    #    :request_specific_fields => {}
+    #    :request_specific_fields => lambda {|url| ...}
+    #
+    #  :request_specific_fields option allows specifying custom header fields that
+    #  are sent with the HTTP request. It can be passed as a Hash or a Proc that
+    #  gets evaluated on each request and returns a Hash of header fields.
+    #
+    #  If a Hash is provided, it specifies the headers only for the initial
+    #  request and these headers will not be sent on redirects.
+    #
+    #  If a Proc is provided, it will be executed for each request including
+    #  redirects, allowing dynamic header customization based on the request URL.
+    #  It is important that the Proc returns a Hash. And this Hash specifies the
+    #  headers to be sent with the request.
+    #
+    #  For Example with Hash
+    #    URI.open("http://...",
+    #             request_specific_fields: {"Authorization" => "token dummy"}) {|f| ... }
+    #
+    #  For Example with Proc:
+    #    URI.open("http://...",
+    #             request_specific_fields: lambda { |uri|
+    #               if uri.host == "example.com"
+    #                 {"Authorization" => "token dummy"}
+    #               else
+    #                 {}
+    #               end
+    #             }) {|f| ... }
+    #
+    def open(*rest, &block)
+      OpenURI.open_uri(self, *rest, &block)
+    end
+
+    # OpenURI::OpenRead#read([ options ]) reads a content referenced by self and
+    # returns the content as string.
+    # The string is extended with OpenURI::Meta.
+    # The argument +options+ is same as OpenURI::OpenRead#open.
+    def read(options={})
+      self.open(options) {|f|
+        str = f.read
+        Meta.init str, f
+        str
+      }
+    end
+  end
+end
+
+module URI
+  class HTTP
+    def buffer_open(buf, proxy, options) # :nodoc:
+      OpenURI.open_http(buf, self, proxy, options)
+    end
+
+    include OpenURI::OpenRead
+  end
+
+  class FTP
+    def buffer_open(buf, proxy, options) # :nodoc:
+      if proxy
+        OpenURI.open_http(buf, self, proxy, options)
+        return
+      end
+
+      begin
+        require 'net/ftp'
+      rescue LoadError
+        abort "net/ftp is not found. You may need to `gem install net-ftp` to install net/ftp."
+      end
+
+      path = self.path
+      path = path.sub(%r{\A/}, '%2F') # re-encode the beginning slash because uri library decodes it.
+      directories = path.split(%r{/}, -1)
+      directories.each {|d|
+        d.gsub!(/%([0-9A-Fa-f][0-9A-Fa-f])/) { [$1].pack("H2") }
+      }
+      unless filename = directories.pop
+        raise ArgumentError, "no filename: #{self.inspect}"
+      end
+      directories.each {|d|
+        if /[\r\n]/ =~ d
+          raise ArgumentError, "invalid directory: #{d.inspect}"
+        end
+      }
+      if /[\r\n]/ =~ filename
+        raise ArgumentError, "invalid filename: #{filename.inspect}"
+      end
+      typecode = self.typecode
+      if typecode && /\A[aid]\z/ !~ typecode
+        raise ArgumentError, "invalid typecode: #{typecode.inspect}"
+      end
+
+      # The access sequence is defined by RFC 1738
+      ftp = Net::FTP.new
+      ftp.connect(self.hostname, self.port)
+      ftp.passive = !options[:ftp_active_mode]
+      # todo: extract user/passwd from .netrc.
+      user = 'anonymous'
+      passwd = nil
+      user, passwd = self.userinfo.split(/:/) if self.userinfo
+      ftp.login(user, passwd)
+      directories.each {|cwd|
+        ftp.voidcmd("CWD #{cwd}")
+      }
+      if typecode
+        # xxx: typecode D is not handled.
+        ftp.voidcmd("TYPE #{typecode.upcase}")
+      end
+      if options[:content_length_proc]
+        options[:content_length_proc].call(ftp.size(filename))
+      end
+      ftp.retrbinary("RETR #{filename}", 4096) { |str|
+        buf << str
+        options[:progress_proc].call(buf.size) if options[:progress_proc]
+      }
+      ftp.close
+      buf.io.rewind
+    end
+
+    include OpenURI::OpenRead
+  end
+end