@1agh/maude 1.0.11 → 1.2.0

package/cli/lib/harness/managed-state.mjs

@@ -0,0 +1,1296 @@
+import { createHash, randomUUID } from 'node:crypto';
+import { constants } from 'node:fs';
+import {
+  chmod,
+  link,
+  lstat,
+  mkdir,
+  open,
+  readdir,
+  realpath,
+  rename,
+  rm,
+  stat,
+  unlink,
+} from 'node:fs/promises';
+import { homedir } from 'node:os';
+import { basename, dirname, extname, isAbsolute, join, relative, resolve, sep } from 'node:path';
+
+import { parse as parseToml } from '@decimalturn/toml-patch';
+
+import {
+  HARNESS_MANIFEST_SCHEMA_VERSION,
+  unsupportedManifestSchemaMessage,
+} from './compatibility.mjs';
+import { classifyCredential, sanitizeUntrustedText } from './secrets.mjs';
+
+export const MANIFEST_SCHEMA_VERSION = HARNESS_MANIFEST_SCHEMA_VERSION;
+const JOURNAL_SCHEMA_VERSION = 1;
+const SAFE_TARGETS = new Set(['codex', 'opencode']);
+const UUID = /^[0-9a-f]{8}-[0-9a-f]{4}-[1-5][0-9a-f]{3}-[89ab][0-9a-f]{3}-[0-9a-f]{12}$/i;
+const HASH = /^sha256:[a-f0-9]{64}$/;
+
+export class ScopeLockError extends Error {
+  constructor(message) {
+    super(message);
+    this.name = 'LockError';
+  }
+}
+
+export class RemovalInterruptedError extends Error {
+  constructor(failpoint) {
+    super(`simulated removal interruption at ${failpoint}`);
+    this.name = 'RemovalInterruptedError';
+  }
+}
+
+export function removalInterruptionFailpoint(expected) {
+  return async (actual) => {
+    if (actual === expected) throw new RemovalInterruptedError(actual);
+  };
+}
+
+export async function manifestPaths({
+  projectRoot,
+  scope,
+  stateRoot = join(homedir(), '.config', 'maude', 'harness'),
+}) {
+  if (scope !== 'global' && scope !== 'project') throw new Error(`invalid harness scope: ${scope}`);
+  const canonicalStateRoot = await ensureCanonicalDirectoryTree(stateRoot, 'harness state root');
+  const canonicalRoot =
+    scope === 'project' ? await canonicalExistingDirectory(projectRoot, 'project root') : null;
+  const rootHash = hashBytes(canonicalRoot ?? 'global');
+  const scopeDir = join(canonicalStateRoot, scope === 'global' ? 'global' : rootHash.slice(7));
+  return {
+    backupDir: join(scopeDir, 'backups'),
+    canonicalRoot,
+    lockPath: join(scopeDir, 'transaction.lock'),
+    manifestPath: join(scopeDir, 'manifest.json'),
+    rootHash,
+    scopeDir,
+    stateRoot: canonicalStateRoot,
+  };
+}
+
+export function createManifest({
+  capabilitySummary = {},
+  generationId,
+  outputs,
+  rootHash,
+  sourceHashes = {},
+  targetVersions = {},
+}) {
+  if (!generationId || !rootHash || !Array.isArray(outputs)) {
+    throw new Error('manifest requires generationId, rootHash, and outputs');
+  }
+  return {
+    schemaVersion: MANIFEST_SCHEMA_VERSION,
+    generationId,
+    rootHash,
+    sourceHashes: sortObject(sourceHashes),
+    outputs: [...outputs].sort((left, right) => left.path.localeCompare(right.path)),
+    targetVersions: sortObject(targetVersions),
+    capabilitySummary: sortObject(capabilitySummary),
+  };
+}
+
+export async function readManifest(paths) {
+  try {
+    await assertCanonicalPrivateScope(paths.scopeDir, { create: false });
+  } catch (error) {
+    if (error.code === 'ENOENT') return null;
+    throw error;
+  }
+  let bytes;
+  try {
+    bytes = (await readFileNoFollow(paths.manifestPath)).toString('utf8');
+  } catch (error) {
+    if (error.code === 'ENOENT') return null;
+    throw error;
+  }
+  let manifest;
+  try {
+    manifest = JSON.parse(bytes);
+  } catch (error) {
+    throw new Error(`invalid harness manifest ${paths.manifestPath}: ${error.message}`);
+  }
+  if (manifest?.schemaVersion !== MANIFEST_SCHEMA_VERSION) {
+    throw new Error(
+      unsupportedManifestSchemaMessage(paths.manifestPath, manifest?.schemaVersion ?? 'missing')
+    );
+  }
+  if (!Array.isArray(manifest.outputs)) {
+    throw new Error(`invalid harness manifest outputs in ${paths.manifestPath}`);
+  }
+  return manifest;
+}
+
+export async function writeManifest(paths, manifest) {
+  await assertCanonicalPrivateScope(paths.scopeDir, { create: true });
+  await atomicWrite(paths.manifestPath, `${JSON.stringify(manifest, null, 2)}\n`, 0o600);
+}
+
+export async function hashFile(path) {
+  return hashBytes(await readNoFollow(path));
+}
+
+export async function adoptManagedPath({ allowRoots, confirm = false, path, paths, target }) {
+  if (!SAFE_TARGETS.has(target)) throw new Error(`invalid harness target identifier: ${target}`);
+  const checkedPath = await assertAllowedPath(path, allowRoots, { mustExist: true });
+  const info = await lstat(checkedPath);
+  if (!info.isFile()) throw new Error(`adoption requires a regular file: ${checkedPath}`);
+  const bytes = await readNoFollow(checkedPath);
+  if (containsRawCredential(bytes.toString('utf8'), checkedPath)) {
+    throw new Error(`refusing to back up a literal credential from ${checkedPath}`);
+  }
+  const hash = hashBytes(bytes);
+  if (!confirm) return { action: 'preview', hash, path: checkedPath, target };
+
+  await assertCanonicalPrivateScope(paths.scopeDir, { create: true });
+  await ensurePrivateChildDirectory(paths.backupDir, paths.scopeDir, 'machine-local backup');
+  const backupPath = join(
+    paths.backupDir,
+    `${target}-${createHash('sha256').update(checkedPath).digest('hex')}.backup`
+  );
+  let createdBackup = false;
+  try {
+    const existingHash = await hashFile(backupPath);
+    if (existingHash !== hash) throw new Error(`adoption backup already exists: ${backupPath}`);
+  } catch (error) {
+    if (error.code !== 'ENOENT') throw error;
+    try {
+      await writeExclusive(backupPath, bytes, 0o600);
+      await syncDirectory(paths.backupDir);
+      createdBackup = true;
+    } catch (writeError) {
+      if (writeError.code !== 'EEXIST' || (await hashFile(backupPath)) !== hash) throw writeError;
+    }
+  }
+  if ((await hashFile(checkedPath)) !== hash) {
+    if (createdBackup) await unlink(backupPath);
+    throw new Error(`adoption target changed while being backed up: ${checkedPath}`);
+  }
+  return {
+    action: 'adopted',
+    backupHash: hash,
+    backupPath,
+    hash,
+    ownership: 'adopted',
+    originalMode: info.mode & 0o777,
+    path: checkedPath,
+    target,
+  };
+}
+
+export async function assertManagedOutputsUnmodified(outputs, { allowRoots } = {}) {
+  for (const output of outputs) {
+    if (allowRoots) await assertAllowedPath(output.path, allowRoots, { mustExist: true });
+    let currentHash;
+    try {
+      currentHash = await hashFile(output.path);
+    } catch (error) {
+      if (error.code === 'ENOENT') throw new Error(`managed output is missing: ${output.path}`);
+      throw error;
+    }
+    if (currentHash !== output.hash) {
+      throw new Error(`managed output was externally modified: ${output.path}`);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+export async function removeManagedOutputs({
+  allowRoots,
+  backupRoots,
+  failpoint = async () => {},
+  outputs,
+  scopeDir,
+}) {
+  await assertCanonicalPrivateScope(scopeDir, { create: true });
+  const releaseLock = await acquireScopeLock(scopeDir);
+  const parentPins = new Map();
+  let journal;
+  try {
+    await recoverRemovalJournal({ allowRoots, backupRoots, parentPins, scopeDir });
+    await assertManagedOutputsUnmodified(outputs, { allowRoots });
+    const transactionId = randomUUID();
+    const entries = [];
+    for (let index = 0; index < outputs.length; index += 1) {
+      const output = outputs[index];
+      const parent = dirname(output.path);
+      if (!parentPins.has(parent)) {
+        parentPins.set(parent, await pinAllowedParent(output.path, allowRoots));
+      }
+      const parentPin = parentPins.get(parent);
+      await failpoint(`after-remove-parent-pin:${index}`);
+      await failpoint(`before-remove-inspect:${index}`);
+      const current = await inspectRegularFile(pinnedChildPath(parentPin, output.path));
+      if (current.hash !== output.hash) {
+        throw new Error(`managed output was externally modified during removal: ${output.path}`);
+      }
+      if (output.ownership !== 'generated' && output.ownership !== 'adopted') {
+        throw new Error(`invalid managed ownership for ${output.path}`);
+      }
+      let stagePath = null;
+      let restoreHash = null;
+      if (output.ownership === 'adopted') {
+        await assertBackup(output, backupRoots);
+        stagePath = artifactPath(output.path, 'remove-stage', transactionId, index);
+        const backup = await readNoFollow(output.backupPath);
+        await writeExclusive(pinnedChildPath(parentPin, stagePath), backup, 0o600);
+        restoreHash = output.backupHash;
+      }
+      entries.push({
+        claimPath: artifactPath(output.path, 'remove-claim', transactionId, index),
+        backupPath: output.ownership === 'adopted' ? output.backupPath : null,
+        claimed: false,
+        claiming: false,
+        discardPath: artifactPath(output.path, 'remove-discard', transactionId, index),
+        index,
+        installed: false,
+        installing: false,
+        originalHash: current.hash,
+        originalMode: current.mode,
+        ownership: output.ownership,
+        path: output.path,
+        restoreHash,
+        restoreMode: output.originalMode ?? 0o600,
+        stagePath,
+      });
+    }
+    journal = {
+      entries,
+      phase: 'prepared',
+      schemaVersion: JOURNAL_SCHEMA_VERSION,
+      transactionId,
+    };
+    await writeDurableJson(join(scopeDir, 'removal.json'), journal);
+    journal.phase = 'removing';
+    await writeDurableJson(join(scopeDir, 'removal.json'), journal);
+    for (const entry of entries) {
+      entry.claiming = true;
+      await writeDurableJson(join(scopeDir, 'removal.json'), journal);
+      const parentPin = parentPins.get(dirname(entry.path));
+      await claimExistingFile(entry, allowRoots, parentPin);
+      entry.claimed = true;
+      entry.claiming = false;
+      await writeDurableJson(join(scopeDir, 'removal.json'), journal);
+      if (entry.ownership === 'adopted') {
+        entry.installing = true;
+        await writeDurableJson(join(scopeDir, 'removal.json'), journal);
+        await installNoClobber(
+          entry.stagePath,
+          entry.path,
+          entry.restoreHash,
+          allowRoots,
+          entry.restoreMode,
+          parentPin
+        );
+        entry.installed = true;
+        entry.installing = false;
+        await writeDurableJson(join(scopeDir, 'removal.json'), journal);
+      }
+      await failpoint(`after-remove:${entry.index}`);
+    }
+    for (const pin of parentPins.values()) await revalidatePinnedParent(pin);
+    journal.phase = 'committed';
+    await writeDurableJson(join(scopeDir, 'removal.json'), journal);
+    await cleanupRemoval(entries, allowRoots, backupRoots, parentPins);
+    await unlink(join(scopeDir, 'removal.json'));
+    await syncDirectory(scopeDir);
+    return { removed: entries.map((entry) => entry.path) };
+  } catch (error) {
+    if (error instanceof RemovalInterruptedError) throw error;
+    let rollbackError;
+    try {
+      if (journal?.phase === 'committed') {
+        await cleanupRemoval(journal.entries, allowRoots, backupRoots, parentPins);
+      } else if (journal) {
+        await rollbackRemoval(journal.entries, allowRoots, parentPins);
+      } else {
+        await recoverRemovalJournal({ allowRoots, backupRoots, parentPins, scopeDir });
+      }
+      if (journal) {
+        await unlink(join(scopeDir, 'removal.json'));
+        await syncDirectory(scopeDir);
+      }
+    } catch (recoveryError) {
+      rollbackError = recoveryError;
+    }
+    if (rollbackError) {
+      throw new AggregateError(
+        [error, rollbackError],
+        'managed removal failed and rollback was incomplete'
+      );
+    }
+    throw error;
+  } finally {
+    try {
+      await closeParentPins(parentPins);
+    } finally {
+      await releaseLock();
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+export async function recoverManagedRemoval({ allowRoots, backupRoots = [], scopeDir }) {
+  await assertCanonicalPrivateScope(scopeDir, { create: false });
+  const releaseLock = await acquireScopeLock(scopeDir);
+  const parentPins = new Map();
+  try {
+    return await recoverRemovalJournal({ allowRoots, backupRoots, parentPins, scopeDir });
+  } finally {
+    try {
+      await closeParentPins(parentPins);
+    } finally {
+      await releaseLock();
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+async function recoverRemovalJournal({ allowRoots, backupRoots = [], parentPins, scopeDir }) {
+  const journalPath = join(scopeDir, 'removal.json');
+  let journal;
+  try {
+    journal = JSON.parse((await readFileNoFollow(journalPath)).toString('utf8'));
+  } catch (error) {
+    if (error.code === 'ENOENT') return { recovered: false };
+    throw new Error(`invalid removal journal ${journalPath}: ${error.message}`);
+  }
+  await validateRemovalJournal(journal, allowRoots, backupRoots, journalPath);
+  for (const entry of journal.entries) await removalPinForEntry(entry, allowRoots, parentPins);
+  if (journal.phase === 'committed') {
+    await cleanupRemoval(journal.entries, allowRoots, backupRoots, parentPins);
+  } else {
+    await rollbackRemoval(journal.entries, allowRoots, parentPins);
+  }
+  await unlink(journalPath);
+  await syncDirectory(scopeDir);
+  return { recovered: true };
+}
+
+async function rollbackRemoval(entries, allowRoots, parentPins) {
+  for (const entry of [...entries].reverse()) {
+    const pin = await removalPinForEntry(entry, allowRoots, parentPins);
+    await normalizeInterruptedRemoval(entry, allowRoots, pin);
+    if (entry.installed) {
+      await removeInstalledNoClobber(entry, entry.restoreHash, allowRoots, pin);
+      entry.installed = false;
+    }
+    if (entry.claimed) {
+      await restoreClaimNoClobber(entry, allowRoots, pin);
+      entry.claimed = false;
+    }
+    await cleanupRemovalEntry(entry, allowRoots, pin);
+  }
+}
+
+async function normalizeInterruptedRemoval(entry, allowRoots, pin) {
+  if (entry.claiming && !entry.claimed) {
+    const [claim, target] = await Promise.all([
+      inspectOptionalFile(pinnedChildPath(pin, entry.claimPath)),
+      inspectOptionalFile(pinnedChildPath(pin, entry.path)),
+    ]);
+    if (claim?.hash === entry.originalHash && target === null) entry.claimed = true;
+    else if (claim?.hash === entry.originalHash && target?.hash === entry.originalHash) {
+      await unlinkOwnedArtifact(entry.claimPath, allowRoots, pin);
+    } else if (claim || target?.hash !== entry.originalHash) {
+      throw new Error(`cannot resolve interrupted removal claim: ${entry.path}`);
+    }
+    entry.claiming = false;
+  }
+  if (entry.installing && !entry.installed) {
+    const target = await inspectOptionalFile(pinnedChildPath(pin, entry.path));
+    if (target?.hash === entry.restoreHash) entry.installed = true;
+    else if (target !== null)
+      throw new Error(`cannot resolve interrupted removal install: ${entry.path}`);
+    entry.installing = false;
+  }
+}
+
+async function cleanupRemoval(entries, allowRoots, backupRoots, parentPins) {
+  for (const entry of entries) {
+    const pin = await removalPinForEntry(entry, allowRoots, parentPins);
+    await cleanupRemovalEntry(entry, allowRoots, pin);
+    if (entry.backupPath) await securelyDeleteBackup(entry.backupPath, backupRoots);
+  }
+}
+
+async function cleanupRemovalEntry(entry, allowRoots, pin) {
+  for (const path of [entry.stagePath, entry.claimPath, entry.discardPath].filter(Boolean)) {
+    await unlinkOwnedArtifact(path, allowRoots, pin);
+  }
+}
+
+async function removalPinForEntry(entry, allowRoots, parentPins) {
+  const parent = dirname(entry.path);
+  if (!parentPins.has(parent)) {
+    parentPins.set(parent, await pinAllowedParent(entry.path, allowRoots));
+  }
+  return parentPins.get(parent);
+}
+
+async function validateRemovalJournal(journal, allowRoots, backupRoots, journalPath) {
+  if (
+    !isPlainObject(journal) ||
+    journal.schemaVersion !== JOURNAL_SCHEMA_VERSION ||
+    !UUID.test(journal.transactionId) ||
+    !exactKeys(journal, ['entries', 'phase', 'schemaVersion', 'transactionId']) ||
+    !['prepared', 'removing', 'committed'].includes(journal.phase) ||
+    !Array.isArray(journal.entries)
+  ) {
+    throw new Error(`invalid removal journal ${journalPath}`);
+  }
+  const paths = new Set();
+  for (let index = 0; index < journal.entries.length; index += 1) {
+    const entry = journal.entries[index];
+    const prefix = `${journal.transactionId}-${index}`;
+    if (
+      !isPlainObject(entry) ||
+      !exactKeys(entry, [
+        'claimPath',
+        'backupPath',
+        'claimed',
+        'claiming',
+        'discardPath',
+        'index',
+        'installed',
+        'installing',
+        'originalHash',
+        'originalMode',
+        'ownership',
+        'path',
+        'restoreHash',
+        'restoreMode',
+        'stagePath',
+      ]) ||
+      entry.index !== index ||
+      typeof entry.claimed !== 'boolean' ||
+      typeof entry.claiming !== 'boolean' ||
+      typeof entry.installed !== 'boolean' ||
+      typeof entry.installing !== 'boolean' ||
+      !['generated', 'adopted'].includes(entry.ownership) ||
+      !validMode(entry.originalMode) ||
+      !validMode(entry.restoreMode) ||
+      !HASH.test(entry.originalHash) ||
+      (entry.restoreHash !== null && !HASH.test(entry.restoreHash)) ||
+      typeof entry.path !== 'string' ||
+      paths.has(entry.path)
+    ) {
+      throw new Error(`invalid removal journal ${journalPath}`);
+    }
+    paths.add(entry.path);
+    if (
+      (journal.phase === 'prepared' &&
+        (entry.claimed || entry.claiming || entry.installed || entry.installing)) ||
+      (journal.phase === 'committed' &&
+        (!entry.claimed || (entry.ownership === 'adopted' && !entry.installed))) ||
+      (entry.ownership === 'generated' && (entry.installed || entry.installing))
+    ) {
+      throw new Error(`invalid removal journal state in ${journalPath}`);
+    }
+    await assertAllowedPath(entry.path, allowRoots);
+    validateArtifact(entry.claimPath, entry.path, `remove-claim-${prefix}`, journalPath);
+    validateArtifact(entry.discardPath, entry.path, `remove-discard-${prefix}`, journalPath);
+    if (entry.ownership === 'adopted') {
+      if (typeof entry.backupPath !== 'string') {
+        throw new Error(`invalid removal journal ${journalPath}`);
+      }
+      await assertAllowedPath(entry.backupPath, backupRoots, {
+        mustExist: journal.phase !== 'committed',
+      });
+      validateArtifact(entry.stagePath, entry.path, `remove-stage-${prefix}`, journalPath);
+    } else if (
+      entry.backupPath !== null ||
+      entry.stagePath !== null ||
+      entry.restoreHash !== null
+    ) {
+      throw new Error(`invalid removal journal ${journalPath}`);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+export async function assertCanonicalPrivateScope(scopeDir, { create }) {
+  if (!isAbsolute(scopeDir)) throw new Error(`machine-local scope must be absolute: ${scopeDir}`);
+  const expected = resolve(scopeDir);
+  if (create) {
+    const parent = dirname(expected);
+    const canonicalParent = await realpath(parent);
+    if (canonicalParent !== parent)
+      throw new Error(`machine-local scope parent is not canonical: ${parent}`);
+    try {
+      await mkdir(expected, { mode: 0o700 });
+    } catch (error) {
+      if (error.code !== 'EEXIST') throw error;
+    }
+  }
+  const info = await lstat(expected);
+  if (info.isSymbolicLink())
+    throw new Error(`machine-local scope directory may not be a symlink: ${expected}`);
+  if (!info.isDirectory())
+    throw new Error(`machine-local scope path is not a directory: ${expected}`);
+  if ((info.mode & 0o077) !== 0)
+    throw new Error(`machine-local scope directory is not private: ${expected}`);
+  if ((await realpath(expected)) !== expected) {
+    throw new Error(`machine-local scope directory is not canonical: ${expected}`);
+  }
+  return expected;
+}
+
+export async function assertAllowedPath(
+  path,
+  allowRoots,
+  { allowMissingRoots = false, mustExist = false } = {}
+) {
+  if (!isAbsolute(path)) throw new Error(`managed path must be absolute: ${path}`);
+  if (!Array.isArray(allowRoots) || allowRoots.length === 0) {
+    throw new Error('at least one allowlisted target root is required');
+  }
+  const candidate = resolve(path);
+  let selectedRoot;
+  let validationRoot;
+  for (const root of allowRoots) {
+    const absoluteRoot = resolve(root);
+    let info;
+    try {
+      info = await lstat(absoluteRoot);
+    } catch (error) {
+      if (error.code !== 'ENOENT' || !allowMissingRoots) throw error;
+      validationRoot = await nearestCanonicalDirectory(absoluteRoot);
+    }
+    if (
+      info &&
+      (info.isSymbolicLink() ||
+        !info.isDirectory() ||
+        (await realpath(absoluteRoot)) !== absoluteRoot)
+    ) {
+      throw new Error(`allowlisted target root is not a canonical directory: ${absoluteRoot}`);
+    }
+    const nested = relative(absoluteRoot, candidate);
+    if (
+      nested === '' ||
+      (!nested.startsWith(`..${sep}`) && nested !== '..' && !isAbsolute(nested))
+    ) {
+      selectedRoot = absoluteRoot;
+      validationRoot ??= absoluteRoot;
+      break;
+    }
+    validationRoot = undefined;
+  }
+  if (!selectedRoot) throw new Error(`path is outside every allowlisted target root: ${candidate}`);
+  await rejectSymlinkSegments(validationRoot, candidate, { mustExist });
+  return candidate;
+}
+
+async function nearestCanonicalDirectory(path) {
+  let current = dirname(path);
+  while (true) {
+    try {
+      const info = await lstat(current);
+      if (info.isSymbolicLink() || !info.isDirectory() || (await realpath(current)) !== current) {
+        throw new Error(`allowlisted target ancestor is not a canonical directory: ${current}`);
+      }
+      return current;
+    } catch (error) {
+      if (error.code !== 'ENOENT') throw error;
+      const parent = dirname(current);
+      if (parent === current) throw error;
+      current = parent;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+export async function ensureAllowedParent(path, allowRoots) {
+  const checked = await assertAllowedPath(path, allowRoots);
+  const root = allowRoots
+    .map((candidate) => resolve(candidate))
+    .find((candidate) => isWithin(candidate, checked));
+  const nestedParent = relative(root, dirname(checked));
+  let current = root;
+  for (const segment of nestedParent.split(sep).filter(Boolean)) {
+    current = join(current, segment);
+    try {
+      const info = await lstat(current);
+      if (info.isSymbolicLink())
+        throw new Error(`symlink is not allowed in managed path: ${current}`);
+      if (!info.isDirectory()) throw new Error(`managed parent is not a directory: ${current}`);
+    } catch (error) {
+      if (error.code !== 'ENOENT') throw error;
+      await mkdir(current, { mode: 0o700 });
+    }
+  }
+  await revalidateAllowedParent(checked, allowRoots);
+  return checked;
+}
+
+export async function revalidateAllowedParent(path, allowRoots) {
+  await assertAllowedPath(path, allowRoots);
+  const parent = dirname(path);
+  const info = await lstat(parent);
+  if (!info.isDirectory() || info.isSymbolicLink() || (await realpath(parent)) !== parent) {
+    throw new Error(`managed parent is not a canonical directory: ${parent}`);
+  }
+}
+
+export async function pinAllowedParent(path, allowRoots) {
+  const checked = await assertAllowedPath(path, allowRoots);
+  const parent = dirname(checked);
+  const handle = await open(
+    parent,
+    constants.O_RDONLY | (constants.O_DIRECTORY ?? 0) | (constants.O_NOFOLLOW ?? 0)
+  );
+  try {
+    const identity = await handle.stat();
+    if (!identity.isDirectory()) throw new Error(`managed parent is not a directory: ${parent}`);
+    let descriptorPath;
+    if (process.platform === 'linux') {
+      descriptorPath = `/proc/self/fd/${handle.fd}`;
+    } else if (process.platform === 'darwin') {
+      descriptorPath = `/.vol/${identity.dev}/${identity.ino}`;
+    } else {
+      throw new Error(
+        `platform cannot safely mutate managed files descriptor-relative: ${process.platform}`
+      );
+    }
+    const descriptorIdentity = await stat(descriptorPath);
+    if (
+      !descriptorIdentity.isDirectory() ||
+      descriptorIdentity.dev !== identity.dev ||
+      descriptorIdentity.ino !== identity.ino
+    ) {
+      throw new Error(`platform cannot safely resolve pinned managed parent: ${parent}`);
+    }
+    return { descriptorPath, handle, identity, parent };
+  } catch (error) {
+    await handle.close();
+    throw error;
+  }
+}
+
+export async function revalidatePinnedParent(pin) {
+  const handleIdentity = await pin.handle.stat();
+  if (
+    handleIdentity.dev !== pin.identity.dev ||
+    handleIdentity.ino !== pin.identity.ino ||
+    !handleIdentity.isDirectory()
+  ) {
+    throw new Error(`pinned managed parent identity changed: ${pin.parent}`);
+  }
+  const pathIdentity = await lstat(pin.parent);
+  if (
+    pathIdentity.isSymbolicLink() ||
+    !pathIdentity.isDirectory() ||
+    pathIdentity.dev !== pin.identity.dev ||
+    pathIdentity.ino !== pin.identity.ino
+  ) {
+    throw new Error(`managed parent identity changed while pinned: ${pin.parent}`);
+  }
+}
+
+export async function closeParentPins(pins) {
+  await Promise.all([...pins.values()].map((pin) => pin.handle.close()));
+}
+
+export function pinnedChildPath(pin, path) {
+  if (
+    !pin ||
+    dirname(path) !== pin.parent ||
+    basename(path) !== path.slice(pin.parent.length + 1)
+  ) {
+    throw new Error(`managed mutation path does not belong to its pinned parent: ${path}`);
+  }
+  return join(pin.descriptorPath, basename(path));
+}
+
+export async function acquireScopeLock(
+  scopeDir,
+  { afterLink = async () => {}, afterTempSync = async () => {} } = {}
+) {
+  await assertCanonicalPrivateScope(scopeDir, { create: false });
+  const lockPath = join(scopeDir, 'transaction.lock');
+  for (let attempt = 0; attempt < 2; attempt += 1) {
+    const token = randomUUID();
+    const tempPath = join(scopeDir, `.maude-lock-stage-${token}`);
+    try {
+      await writeExclusive(
+        tempPath,
+        `${JSON.stringify({ pid: process.pid, schemaVersion: 1, token })}\n`,
+        0o600
+      );
+      await afterTempSync();
+      await linkNoClobber(tempPath, lockPath);
+      await afterLink();
+      await unlink(tempPath);
+      await syncDirectory(scopeDir);
+      const handle = await open(lockPath, constants.O_RDONLY | (constants.O_NOFOLLOW ?? 0));
+      const published = await readLockHandle(handle, lockPath);
+      if (published.token !== token) {
+        await handle.close();
+        throw lockError(`lock ownership token changed during publication: ${lockPath}`);
+      }
+      await cleanupLockStages(scopeDir);
+      return async () => releaseScopeLock({ handle, lockPath, scopeDir, token });
+    } catch (error) {
+      await unlink(tempPath).catch((cleanupError) => {
+        if (cleanupError.code !== 'ENOENT') throw cleanupError;
+      });
+      if (error.code !== 'EEXIST' && !/no-clobber destination exists/.test(error.message))
+        throw error;
+      const observed = await readLock(lockPath);
+      if (!isDeadPid(observed.pid) || attempt > 0) {
+        throw lockError(`harness scope is locked: ${lockPath}`);
+      }
+      const quarantine = join(scopeDir, `.maude-lock-quarantine-${observed.token}-${randomUUID()}`);
+      try {
+        await rename(lockPath, quarantine);
+      } catch (renameError) {
+        if (renameError.code === 'ENOENT') continue;
+        throw renameError;
+      }
+      const quarantined = await readLock(quarantine);
+      if (quarantined.token !== observed.token || !isDeadPid(quarantined.pid)) {
+        await linkNoClobber(quarantine, lockPath);
+        await unlink(quarantine);
+        throw lockError(`stale lock changed during takeover: ${lockPath}`);
+      }
+      await unlink(quarantine);
+      await syncDirectory(scopeDir);
+    }
+  }
+  throw lockError(`harness scope is locked: ${lockPath}`);
+}
+
+async function cleanupLockStages(scopeDir) {
+  for (const name of await readdir(scopeDir)) {
+    if (!/^\.maude-lock-stage-[0-9a-f-]{36}$/i.test(name)) continue;
+    const path = join(scopeDir, name);
+    const info = await lstat(path);
+    if (info.isFile() && !info.isSymbolicLink()) await unlink(path);
+  }
+  await syncDirectory(scopeDir);
+}
+
+async function releaseScopeLock({ handle, lockPath, scopeDir, token }) {
+  await handle.close();
+  const quarantine = join(scopeDir, `.maude-lock-release-${token}-${randomUUID()}`);
+  try {
+    await rename(lockPath, quarantine);
+  } catch (error) {
+    if (error.code === 'ENOENT') throw lockError(`lock ownership was lost: ${lockPath}`);
+    throw error;
+  }
+  const observed = await readLock(quarantine);
+  if (observed.token !== token) {
+    await linkNoClobber(quarantine, lockPath).catch(() => {});
+    await unlink(quarantine);
+    throw lockError(`lock ownership token changed: ${lockPath}`);
+  }
+  await unlink(quarantine);
+  await syncDirectory(scopeDir);
+}
+
+export async function inspectRegularFile(path) {
+  const info = await lstat(path);
+  if (info.isSymbolicLink()) throw new Error(`symlink is not allowed for managed file: ${path}`);
+  if (!info.isFile()) throw new Error(`managed path is not a regular file: ${path}`);
+  return { hash: hashBytes(await readNoFollow(path)), mode: info.mode & 0o777 };
+}
+
+export async function claimExistingFile(entry, allowRoots, parentPin) {
+  const pin = parentPin ?? (await pinAllowedParent(entry.path, allowRoots));
+  const ownedPin = !parentPin;
+  const targetPath = pinnedChildPath(pin, entry.path);
+  const claimPath = pinnedChildPath(pin, entry.claimPath);
+  const discardPath = pinnedChildPath(pin, entry.discardPath);
+  try {
+    await assertArtifactAbsent(claimPath);
+    await link(targetPath, claimPath);
+    const claim = await inspectRegularFile(claimPath);
+    if (claim.hash !== entry.originalHash)
+      throw new Error(`managed target changed before claim: ${entry.path}`);
+    await assertArtifactAbsent(discardPath);
+    await rename(targetPath, discardPath);
+    const discarded = await inspectRegularFile(discardPath);
+    if (discarded.hash !== entry.originalHash) {
+      await linkNoClobber(discardPath, targetPath);
+      throw new Error(`managed target changed while being claimed: ${entry.path}`);
+    }
+    await unlink(discardPath);
+    await pin.handle.sync();
+  } finally {
+    if (ownedPin) await pin.handle.close();
+  }
+}
+
+export async function installNoClobber(
+  stagePath,
+  path,
+  expectedHash,
+  allowRoots,
+  mode = 0o600,
+  parentPin
+) {
+  const pin = parentPin ?? (await pinAllowedParent(path, allowRoots));
+  const ownedPin = !parentPin;
+  const pinnedStage = pinnedChildPath(pin, stagePath);
+  const pinnedTarget = pinnedChildPath(pin, path);
+  try {
+    try {
+      await link(pinnedStage, pinnedTarget);
+    } catch (error) {
+      if (error.code === 'EEXIST') throw new Error(`managed target appeared or collided: ${path}`);
+      if (['EXDEV', 'ENOTSUP', 'EPERM'].includes(error.code)) {
+        throw new Error(
+          `platform cannot safely install managed target without clobbering: ${path}`
+        );
+      }
+      throw error;
+    }
+    await verifyAndChmodNoFollow(pinnedTarget, expectedHash, mode);
+    await pin.handle.sync();
+  } finally {
+    if (ownedPin) await pin.handle.close();
+  }
+}
+
+export async function removeInstalledNoClobber(entry, expectedHash, allowRoots, parentPin) {
+  const pin = parentPin ?? (await pinAllowedParent(entry.path, allowRoots));
+  const ownedPin = !parentPin;
+  const targetPath = pinnedChildPath(pin, entry.path);
+  const discardPath = pinnedChildPath(pin, entry.discardPath);
+  try {
+    await assertArtifactAbsent(discardPath);
+    await rename(targetPath, discardPath);
+    const discarded = await inspectRegularFile(discardPath);
+    if (discarded.hash !== expectedHash) {
+      await linkNoClobber(discardPath, targetPath);
+      throw new Error(`concurrent edit detected during rollback: ${entry.path}`);
+    }
+    await unlink(discardPath);
+    await pin.handle.sync();
+  } finally {
+    if (ownedPin) await pin.handle.close();
+  }
+}
+
+export async function restoreClaimNoClobber(entry, allowRoots, parentPin) {
+  const pin = parentPin ?? (await pinAllowedParent(entry.path, allowRoots));
+  const ownedPin = !parentPin;
+  const targetPath = pinnedChildPath(pin, entry.path);
+  const claimPath = pinnedChildPath(pin, entry.claimPath);
+  try {
+    try {
+      await link(claimPath, targetPath);
+    } catch (error) {
+      if (error.code === 'EEXIST')
+        throw new Error(`concurrent edit blocks rollback: ${entry.path}`);
+      throw error;
+    }
+    await verifyAndChmodNoFollow(targetPath, entry.originalHash, entry.originalMode);
+    await pin.handle.sync();
+  } finally {
+    if (ownedPin) await pin.handle.close();
+  }
+}
+
+export async function unlinkOwnedArtifact(path, allowRoots, parentPin) {
+  if (!path) return;
+  const pin = parentPin ?? (await pinAllowedParent(path, allowRoots));
+  const ownedPin = !parentPin;
+  const descriptorPath = pinnedChildPath(pin, path);
+  try {
+    const info = await lstat(descriptorPath);
+    if (!info.isFile() || info.isSymbolicLink())
+      throw new Error(`owned artifact is not a file: ${path}`);
+    await unlink(descriptorPath);
+  } catch (error) {
+    if (error.code !== 'ENOENT') throw error;
+  } finally {
+    if (ownedPin) await pin.handle.close();
+  }
+}
+
+export async function writeExclusive(path, contents, mode = 0o600) {
+  const handle = await open(path, 'wx', mode);
+  try {
+    await handle.writeFile(contents);
+    await handle.sync();
+  } finally {
+    await handle.close();
+  }
+}
+
+export async function writeDurableJson(path, value) {
+  await atomicWrite(path, `${JSON.stringify(value)}\n`, 0o600);
+}
+
+export async function syncDirectory(path) {
+  const handle = await open(path, 'r');
+  try {
+    await handle.sync();
+  } finally {
+    await handle.close();
+  }
+}
+
+function artifactPath(path, kind, transactionId, index) {
+  return join(dirname(path), `.maude-${kind}-${transactionId}-${index}`);
+}
+
+function validateArtifact(path, targetPath, expectedName, journalPath) {
+  if (
+    typeof path !== 'string' ||
+    dirname(path) !== dirname(targetPath) ||
+    basename(path) !== `.maude-${expectedName}`
+  ) {
+    throw new Error(`invalid removal journal artifact in ${journalPath}`);
+  }
+}
+
+async function assertBackup(output, backupRoots) {
+  if (!output.backupPath || !HASH.test(output.backupHash ?? '')) {
+    throw new Error(`adopted output has no valid backup metadata: ${output.path}`);
+  }
+  await assertAllowedPath(output.backupPath, backupRoots, { mustExist: true });
+  if ((await hashFile(output.backupPath)) !== output.backupHash) {
+    throw new Error(`adoption backup was modified: ${output.backupPath}`);
+  }
+}
+
+async function atomicWrite(path, contents, mode) {
+  const tempPath = join(dirname(path), `.${basename(path)}.${process.pid}.${randomUUID()}.tmp`);
+  try {
+    await writeExclusive(tempPath, contents, mode);
+    await rename(tempPath, path);
+    await chmod(path, mode);
+    await syncDirectory(dirname(path));
+  } finally {
+    await rm(tempPath, { force: true }).catch(() => {});
+  }
+}
+
+export async function readFileNoFollow(path) {
+  const pathInfo = await lstat(path);
+  if (pathInfo.isSymbolicLink())
+    throw new Error(`symlink is not allowed for managed file: ${path}`);
+  const handle = await open(path, constants.O_RDONLY | (constants.O_NOFOLLOW ?? 0));
+  try {
+    const info = await handle.stat();
+    if (!info.isFile()) throw new Error(`managed path is not a regular file: ${path}`);
+    return await handle.readFile();
+  } finally {
+    await handle.close();
+  }
+}
+
+const readNoFollow = readFileNoFollow;
+
+async function canonicalExistingDirectory(path, label) {
+  if (!path) throw new Error(`${label} is required`);
+  const canonical = await realpath(path);
+  const info = await stat(canonical);
+  if (!info.isDirectory()) throw new Error(`${label} is not a directory: ${path}`);
+  return canonical;
+}
+
+async function ensureCanonicalDirectoryTree(path, label) {
+  const target = resolve(path);
+  const missing = [];
+  let current = target;
+  while (true) {
+    try {
+      const info = await lstat(current);
+      if (info.isSymbolicLink() || !info.isDirectory() || (await realpath(current)) !== current) {
+        throw new Error(`${label} crosses a non-canonical directory: ${current}`);
+      }
+      break;
+    } catch (error) {
+      if (error.code !== 'ENOENT') throw error;
+      const parent = dirname(current);
+      if (parent === current) throw error;
+      missing.unshift(basename(current));
+      current = parent;
+    }
+  }
+  for (const segment of missing) {
+    current = join(current, segment);
+    await mkdir(current, { mode: 0o700 });
+    const info = await lstat(current);
+    if (info.isSymbolicLink() || !info.isDirectory() || (await realpath(current)) !== current) {
+      throw new Error(`${label} could not be created safely: ${current}`);
+    }
+  }
+  return target;
+}
+
+async function ensurePrivateChildDirectory(path, parent, label) {
+  await assertCanonicalPrivateScope(parent, { create: false });
+  if (dirname(path) !== parent) throw new Error(`${label} escapes its parent: ${path}`);
+  try {
+    await mkdir(path, { mode: 0o700 });
+  } catch (error) {
+    if (error.code !== 'EEXIST') throw error;
+  }
+  const info = await lstat(path);
+  if (
+    !info.isDirectory() ||
+    info.isSymbolicLink() ||
+    (info.mode & 0o077) !== 0 ||
+    (await realpath(path)) !== path
+  ) {
+    throw new Error(`${label} is not a canonical private directory: ${path}`);
+  }
+}
+
+async function rejectSymlinkSegments(root, candidate, { mustExist }) {
+  const nested = relative(root, candidate);
+  let current = root;
+  const segments = nested.split(sep).filter(Boolean);
+  for (let index = 0; index < segments.length; index += 1) {
+    current = join(current, segments[index]);
+    try {
+      const info = await lstat(current);
+      if (info.isSymbolicLink())
+        throw new Error(`symlink is not allowed in managed path: ${current}`);
+      if (index < segments.length - 1 && !info.isDirectory()) {
+        throw new Error(`managed path parent is not a directory: ${current}`);
+      }
+    } catch (error) {
+      if (error.code !== 'ENOENT') throw error;
+      if (mustExist) throw error;
+      return;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+async function assertArtifactAbsent(path) {
+  try {
+    await lstat(path);
+    throw new Error(`transaction artifact already exists: ${path}`);
+  } catch (error) {
+    if (error.code !== 'ENOENT') throw error;
+  }
+}
+
+async function linkNoClobber(source, destination) {
+  try {
+    await link(source, destination);
+  } catch (error) {
+    if (error.code === 'EEXIST') throw new Error(`no-clobber destination exists: ${destination}`);
+    throw error;
+  }
+}
+
+async function readLock(path) {
+  let handle;
+  try {
+    handle = await open(path, constants.O_RDONLY | (constants.O_NOFOLLOW ?? 0));
+    return await readLockHandle(handle, path);
+  } catch (error) {
+    if (error instanceof ScopeLockError) throw error;
+    throw lockError(`invalid scope lock ${path}: ${error.message}`);
+  } finally {
+    await handle?.close();
+  }
+}
+
+async function readLockHandle(handle, path) {
+  let value;
+  try {
+    const info = await handle.stat();
+    if (!info.isFile()) throw new Error('lock is not a regular file');
+    value = JSON.parse((await handle.readFile()).toString('utf8'));
+  } catch (error) {
+    throw lockError(`invalid scope lock ${path}: ${error.message}`);
+  }
+  if (
+    !isPlainObject(value) ||
+    !exactKeys(value, ['pid', 'schemaVersion', 'token']) ||
+    value.schemaVersion !== 1 ||
+    !UUID.test(value.token) ||
+    !Number.isSafeInteger(value.pid) ||
+    value.pid <= 0
+  ) {
+    throw lockError(`invalid scope lock ${path}`);
+  }
+  return value;
+}
+
+function isDeadPid(pid) {
+  try {
+    process.kill(pid, 0);
+    return false;
+  } catch (error) {
+    return error.code === 'ESRCH';
+  }
+}
+
+function lockError(message) {
+  return new ScopeLockError(message);
+}
+
+function hashBytes(bytes) {
+  return `sha256:${createHash('sha256').update(bytes).digest('hex')}`;
+}
+
+async function verifyAndChmodNoFollow(path, expectedHash, mode) {
+  const handle = await open(path, constants.O_RDWR | (constants.O_NOFOLLOW ?? 0));
+  try {
+    const info = await handle.stat();
+    if (!info.isFile()) throw new Error(`managed path is not a regular file: ${path}`);
+    const bytes = await handle.readFile();
+    if (hashBytes(bytes) !== expectedHash) throw new Error(`managed target hash mismatch: ${path}`);
+    await handle.chmod(mode);
+    await handle.sync();
+  } finally {
+    await handle.close();
+  }
+}
+
+async function inspectOptionalFile(path) {
+  try {
+    return await inspectRegularFile(path);
+  } catch (error) {
+    if (error.code === 'ENOENT') return null;
+    throw error;
+  }
+}
+
+function containsRawCredential(text, path) {
+  if (classifyCredential(text)) return true;
+  if (sanitizeUntrustedText(text).findings.length > 0) return true;
+  if (extname(path).toLowerCase() === '.json') {
+    try {
+      if (containsCredentialValue(JSON.parse(text))) return true;
+    } catch {
+      // Invalid JSON still falls through to assignment scanning.
+    }
+  }
+  if (extname(path).toLowerCase() === '.toml' && containsTomlCredential(text)) return true;
+  return containsCredentialAssignment(text);
+}
+
+function containsCredentialValue(value, key = '', sensitiveKey = '') {
+  if (Array.isArray(value)) {
+    return value.some((entry) => containsCredentialValue(entry, key, sensitiveKey));
+  }
+  if (!value || typeof value !== 'object') {
+    return Boolean(classifyCredential(String(value), { key: sensitiveKey || key }));
+  }
+  return Object.entries(value).some(([nestedKey, nested]) => {
+    const nestedSensitiveKey = classifyCredential('literal', { key: nestedKey })
+      ? nestedKey
+      : sensitiveKey;
+    return containsCredentialValue(nested, nestedKey, nestedSensitiveKey);
+  });
+}
+
+function containsTomlCredential(text) {
+  try {
+    return containsCredentialValue(parseToml(text));
+  } catch {
+    // Invalid TOML still receives conservative assignment scanning below.
+  }
+  for (const rawLine of text.split(/\r?\n/)) {
+    const line = rawLine.replace(/\s+#.*$/, '').trim();
+    if (!line || /^\[.*\]$/.test(line)) continue;
+    const separator = line.indexOf('=');
+    const candidateKey = (separator < 0 ? line : line.slice(0, separator))
+      .trim()
+      .split('.')
+      .at(-1)
+      ?.replace(/^['"]|['"]$/g, '');
+    if (
+      !classifyCredential('literal', { key: candidateKey ?? '' }) &&
+      !containsCredentialAssignment(line)
+    ) {
+      continue;
+    }
+    if (separator < 0) return true;
+    const candidate = line
+      .slice(separator + 1)
+      .trim()
+      .replace(/^['"]|['"]$/g, '');
+    if (
+      classifyCredential(candidate, { key: candidateKey ?? '' }) ||
+      containsCredentialAssignment(line)
+    ) {
+      return true;
+    }
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
+function containsCredentialAssignment(value) {
+  const assignment =
+    /(?=(?:^|[{,\s;])["']?([A-Za-z_][A-Za-z0-9_-]*)["']?\s*[:=]\s*(?:(\$\{[A-Z_][A-Z0-9_]*\}|\{env:[A-Z_][A-Z0-9_]*\}|keychain:[A-Za-z0-9._/-]+)|"([^"]*)"|'([^']*)'|([^\r\n,}\s]+)))/g;
+  return [...value.matchAll(assignment)].some((match) => {
+    if (!classifyCredential('literal', { key: match[1] })) return false;
+    const candidate = (match[2] ?? match[3] ?? match[4] ?? match[5]).trim();
+    return Boolean(classifyCredential(candidate, { key: match[1] }));
+  });
+}
+
+async function securelyDeleteBackup(path, backupRoots) {
+  await assertAllowedPath(path, backupRoots);
+  const pin = await pinAllowedParent(path, backupRoots);
+  const descriptorPath = pinnedChildPath(pin, path);
+  try {
+    await revalidatePinnedParent(pin);
+    let handle;
+    try {
+      handle = await open(descriptorPath, constants.O_WRONLY | (constants.O_NOFOLLOW ?? 0));
+    } catch (error) {
+      if (error.code === 'ENOENT') return;
+      throw error;
+    }
+    try {
+      const info = await handle.stat();
+      if (!info.isFile()) throw new Error(`adoption backup is not a regular file: ${path}`);
+      const zeroes = Buffer.alloc(Math.min(info.size, 64 * 1024));
+      for (let offset = 0; offset < info.size; offset += zeroes.length) {
+        await handle.write(zeroes, 0, Math.min(zeroes.length, info.size - offset), offset);
+      }
+      await handle.truncate(0);
+      await handle.sync();
+    } finally {
+      await handle.close();
+    }
+    await unlink(descriptorPath);
+    await pin.handle.sync();
+    await revalidatePinnedParent(pin);
+  } finally {
+    await pin.handle.close();
+  }
+}
+
+function validMode(mode) {
+  return Number.isInteger(mode) && mode >= 0 && mode <= 0o777;
+}
+
+function isPlainObject(value) {
+  return (
+    value !== null &&
+    typeof value === 'object' &&
+    !Array.isArray(value) &&
+    Object.getPrototypeOf(value) === Object.prototype
+  );
+}
+
+function exactKeys(value, expected) {
+  const actual = Object.keys(value).sort();
+  const wanted = [...expected].sort();
+  return actual.length === wanted.length && actual.every((key, index) => key === wanted[index]);
+}
+
+function isWithin(root, path) {
+  const nested = relative(root, path);
+  return (
+    nested === '' || (!nested.startsWith(`..${sep}`) && nested !== '..' && !isAbsolute(nested))
+  );
+}
+
+function sortObject(value) {
+  return Object.fromEntries(
+    Object.entries(value).sort(([left], [right]) => left.localeCompare(right))
+  );
+}