zeroc-ice 3.7.10 → 3.8.0

data/dist/ice/cpp/src/Ice/ConnectionI.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,3563 @@
+// Copyright (c) ZeroC, Inc.
+
+#include "ConnectionI.h"
+#include "BatchRequestQueue.h"
+#include "CheckIdentity.h"
+#include "Endian.h"
+#include "EndpointI.h"
+#include "Ice/IncomingRequest.h"
+#include "Ice/LocalExceptions.h"
+#include "Ice/LoggerUtil.h"
+#include "Ice/OutgoingResponse.h"
+#include "Ice/Properties.h"
+#include "IdleTimeoutTransceiverDecorator.h"
+#include "Instance.h"
+#include "ObjectAdapterI.h"   // For getThreadPool()
+#include "ReferenceFactory.h" // For createProxy().
+#include "RequestHandler.h"   // For RetryException
+#include "ThreadPool.h"
+#include "TraceLevels.h"
+#include "TraceUtil.h"
+#include "Transceiver.h"
+
+#include "DisableWarnings.h"
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <iomanip>
+#include <stdexcept>
+
+#ifdef ICE_HAS_BZIP2
+#    include <bzlib.h>
+#endif
+
+using namespace std;
+using namespace Ice;
+using namespace Ice::Instrumentation;
+using namespace IceInternal;
+
+namespace
+{
+    class ConnectTimerTask final : public TimerTask
+    {
+    public:
+        ConnectTimerTask(const Ice::ConnectionIPtr& connection) : _connection(connection) {}
+
+        void runTimerTask() final
+        {
+            if (auto connection = _connection.lock())
+            {
+                connection->connectTimedOut();
+            }
+        }
+
+    private:
+        const weak_ptr<Ice::ConnectionI> _connection;
+    };
+
+    class CloseTimerTask final : public TimerTask
+    {
+    public:
+        CloseTimerTask(const Ice::ConnectionIPtr& connection) : _connection(connection) {}
+
+        void runTimerTask() final
+        {
+            if (auto connection = _connection.lock())
+            {
+                connection->closeTimedOut();
+            }
+        }
+
+    private:
+        const weak_ptr<Ice::ConnectionI> _connection;
+    };
+
+    class InactivityTimerTask final : public TimerTask
+    {
+    public:
+        InactivityTimerTask(const Ice::ConnectionIPtr& connection) : _connection(connection) {}
+
+        void runTimerTask() final
+        {
+            if (auto connection = _connection.lock())
+            {
+                connection->inactivityCheck();
+            }
+        }
+
+    private:
+        const weak_ptr<Ice::ConnectionI> _connection;
+    };
+
+    //
+    // Class for handling Ice::Connection::begin_flushBatchRequests
+    //
+    class ConnectionFlushBatchAsync : public OutgoingAsyncBase
+    {
+    public:
+        ConnectionFlushBatchAsync(Ice::ConnectionIPtr, const InstancePtr&);
+
+        [[nodiscard]] virtual Ice::ConnectionPtr getConnection() const;
+
+        void invoke(std::string_view, Ice::CompressBatch);
+
+    private:
+        const Ice::ConnectionIPtr _connection;
+    };
+
+    ConnectionState connectionStateMap[] = {
+        ConnectionState::ConnectionStateValidating, // StateNotInitialized
+        ConnectionState::ConnectionStateValidating, // StateNotValidated
+        ConnectionState::ConnectionStateActive,     // StateActive
+        ConnectionState::ConnectionStateHolding,    // StateHolding
+        ConnectionState::ConnectionStateClosing,    // StateClosing
+        ConnectionState::ConnectionStateClosing,    // StateClosingPending
+        ConnectionState::ConnectionStateClosed,     // StateClosed
+        ConnectionState::ConnectionStateClosed,     // StateFinished
+    };
+
+    string createBadMagicMessage(const byte m[])
+    {
+        ostringstream os;
+        os << "bag magic in message header: ";
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < sizeof(magic); ++i)
+        {
+            os << hex << setw(2) << setfill('0') << static_cast<int>(m[i]) << ' ';
+        }
+        return os.str();
+    }
+}
+
+ConnectionFlushBatchAsync::ConnectionFlushBatchAsync(ConnectionIPtr connection, const InstancePtr& instance)
+    : OutgoingAsyncBase(instance),
+      _connection(std::move(connection))
+{
+}
+
+ConnectionPtr
+ConnectionFlushBatchAsync::getConnection() const
+{
+    return _connection;
+}
+
+void
+ConnectionFlushBatchAsync::invoke(string_view operation, Ice::CompressBatch compressBatch)
+{
+    _observer.attach(_instance.get(), operation);
+    try
+    {
+        AsyncStatus status;
+        bool compress;
+        int batchRequestCount = _connection->getBatchRequestQueue()->swap(&_os, compress);
+        if (batchRequestCount == 0)
+        {
+            status = AsyncStatusSent;
+            if (sent())
+            {
+                status = static_cast<AsyncStatus>(status | AsyncStatusInvokeSentCallback);
+            }
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            if (compressBatch == CompressBatch::Yes)
+            {
+                compress = true;
+            }
+            else if (compressBatch == CompressBatch::No)
+            {
+                compress = false;
+            }
+            status = _connection->sendAsyncRequest(shared_from_this(), compress, false, batchRequestCount);
+        }
+
+        if (status & AsyncStatusSent)
+        {
+            _sentSynchronously = true;
+            if (status & AsyncStatusInvokeSentCallback)
+            {
+                invokeSent();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    catch (const RetryException& ex)
+    {
+        try
+        {
+            rethrow_exception(ex.get());
+        }
+        catch (const std::exception&)
+        {
+            if (exception(current_exception()))
+            {
+                invokeExceptionAsync();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    catch (const Exception&)
+    {
+        if (exception(current_exception()))
+        {
+            invokeExceptionAsync();
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+Ice::ConnectionI::Observer::Observer() = default;
+
+void
+Ice::ConnectionI::Observer::startRead(const Buffer& buf)
+{
+    if (_readStreamPos)
+    {
+        assert(!buf.b.empty());
+        _observer->receivedBytes(static_cast<int>(buf.i - _readStreamPos));
+    }
+    _readStreamPos = buf.b.empty() ? nullptr : buf.i;
+}
+
+void
+Ice::ConnectionI::Observer::finishRead(const Buffer& buf)
+{
+    if (_readStreamPos == nullptr)
+    {
+        return;
+    }
+    assert(buf.i >= _readStreamPos);
+    _observer->receivedBytes(static_cast<int>(buf.i - _readStreamPos));
+    _readStreamPos = nullptr;
+}
+
+void
+Ice::ConnectionI::Observer::startWrite(const Buffer& buf)
+{
+    if (_writeStreamPos)
+    {
+        assert(!buf.b.empty());
+        _observer->sentBytes(static_cast<int>(buf.i - _writeStreamPos));
+    }
+    _writeStreamPos = buf.b.empty() ? nullptr : buf.i;
+}
+
+void
+Ice::ConnectionI::Observer::finishWrite(const Buffer& buf)
+{
+    if (_writeStreamPos == nullptr)
+    {
+        return;
+    }
+    if (buf.i > _writeStreamPos)
+    {
+        _observer->sentBytes(static_cast<int>(buf.i - _writeStreamPos));
+    }
+    _writeStreamPos = nullptr;
+}
+
+void
+Ice::ConnectionI::Observer::attach(const Ice::Instrumentation::ConnectionObserverPtr& observer)
+{
+    ObserverHelperT<Ice::Instrumentation::ConnectionObserver>::attach(observer);
+    if (!observer)
+    {
+        _writeStreamPos = nullptr;
+        _readStreamPos = nullptr;
+    }
+}
+
+void
+Ice::ConnectionI::OutgoingMessage::adopt(OutputStream* str)
+{
+    if (adopted)
+    {
+        if (str)
+        {
+            delete stream;
+            stream = nullptr;
+            adopted = false;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            return; // Stream is already adopted.
+        }
+    }
+    else if (!str)
+    {
+        if (outAsync)
+        {
+            return; // Adopting request stream is not necessary.
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            str = stream; // Adopt this stream
+            stream = nullptr;
+        }
+    }
+
+    assert(str);
+    assert(str->b.ownsMemory());
+    stream = new OutputStream(std::move(*str));
+    adopted = true;
+}
+
+void
+Ice::ConnectionI::OutgoingMessage::canceled(bool adoptStream)
+{
+    assert(outAsync); // Only requests can timeout.
+    outAsync = nullptr;
+    if (adoptStream)
+    {
+        adopt(nullptr); // Adopt the request stream
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        assert(!adopted);
+    }
+}
+
+bool
+Ice::ConnectionI::OutgoingMessage::sent()
+{
+    // This function is called with the connection mutex locked.
+
+    if (adopted)
+    {
+        delete stream;
+    }
+    stream = nullptr;
+
+    if (outAsync)
+    {
+#if defined(ICE_USE_IOCP)
+        invokeSent = outAsync->sent();
+        return invokeSent || receivedReply;
+#else
+        return outAsync->sent();
+#endif
+    }
+    return false;
+}
+
+void
+Ice::ConnectionI::OutgoingMessage::completed(std::exception_ptr ex)
+{
+    if (outAsync)
+    {
+        if (outAsync->exception(ex))
+        {
+            outAsync->invokeException();
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (adopted)
+    {
+        delete stream;
+    }
+    stream = nullptr;
+}
+
+void
+Ice::ConnectionI::startAsync(
+    function<void(const ConnectionIPtr&)> connectionStartCompleted,
+    function<void(const ConnectionIPtr&, exception_ptr)> connectionStartFailed)
+{
+    try
+    {
+        std::unique_lock lock(_mutex);
+        if (_state >= StateClosed) // The connection might already be closed if the communicator was destroyed.
+        {
+            assert(_exception);
+            rethrow_exception(_exception);
+        }
+
+        if (!initialize() || !validate())
+        {
+            if (_connectTimeout > chrono::seconds::zero())
+            {
+                _timer->schedule(make_shared<ConnectTimerTask>(shared_from_this()), _connectTimeout);
+            }
+
+            if (connectionStartCompleted && connectionStartFailed)
+            {
+                _connectionStartCompleted = std::move(connectionStartCompleted);
+                _connectionStartFailed = std::move(connectionStartFailed);
+                return;
+            }
+
+            //
+            // Wait for the connection to be validated.
+            //
+            _conditionVariable.wait(lock, [this] { return _state > StateNotValidated; });
+
+            if (_state >= StateClosing)
+            {
+                assert(_exception);
+                rethrow_exception(_exception);
+            }
+        }
+
+        //
+        // We start out in holding state.
+        //
+        setState(StateHolding);
+    }
+    catch (const Ice::LocalException&)
+    {
+        exception(current_exception());
+        if (connectionStartFailed)
+        {
+            connectionStartFailed(shared_from_this(), current_exception());
+            return;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            waitUntilFinished();
+            throw;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (connectionStartCompleted)
+    {
+        connectionStartCompleted(shared_from_this());
+    }
+}
+
+void
+Ice::ConnectionI::activate()
+{
+    std::lock_guard lock(_mutex);
+    if (_state <= StateNotValidated)
+    {
+        return;
+    }
+    setState(StateActive);
+}
+
+void
+Ice::ConnectionI::hold()
+{
+    std::lock_guard lock(_mutex);
+    if (_state <= StateNotValidated)
+    {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    setState(StateHolding);
+}
+
+void
+Ice::ConnectionI::destroy(DestructionReason reason)
+{
+    std::lock_guard lock(_mutex);
+
+    switch (reason)
+    {
+        case ObjectAdapterDeactivated:
+        {
+            setState(
+                StateClosing,
+                make_exception_ptr(
+                    ObjectAdapterDeactivatedException{__FILE__, __LINE__, _adapter ? _adapter->getName() : ""}));
+            break;
+        }
+
+        case CommunicatorDestroyed:
+        {
+            setState(StateClosing, make_exception_ptr(CommunicatorDestroyedException{__FILE__, __LINE__}));
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+void
+Ice::ConnectionI::abort() noexcept
+{
+    std::lock_guard lock(_mutex);
+    setState(
+        StateClosed,
+        make_exception_ptr(
+            ConnectionAbortedException{__FILE__, __LINE__, "connection aborted by the application", true}));
+}
+
+void
+Ice::ConnectionI::close(function<void()> response, function<void(std::exception_ptr)> exception) noexcept
+{
+    std::exception_ptr closeException = nullptr;
+    {
+        std::lock_guard lock(_mutex);
+        if (_state >= StateClosed)
+        {
+            closeException = _exception;
+            assert(closeException);
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            if (response || exception)
+            {
+                _onClosedList.emplace_back(std::move(response), std::move(exception));
+            }
+
+            if (_state < StateClosing)
+            {
+                if (_asyncRequests.empty())
+                {
+                    doApplicationClose();
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    // We'll close the connection when we get the last reply message.
+                    _closeRequested = true;
+                    scheduleCloseTimerTask(); // we don't want to wait forever
+                }
+            }
+            // else nothing to do
+        }
+    }
+
+    if ((response || exception) && closeException) // already closed
+    {
+        bool success = false;
+        try
+        {
+            rethrow_exception(closeException);
+        }
+        catch (const ConnectionClosedException&)
+        {
+            success = true;
+        }
+        catch (const CloseConnectionException&)
+        {
+            success = true;
+        }
+        catch (const CommunicatorDestroyedException&)
+        {
+            success = true;
+        }
+        catch (const ObjectAdapterDeactivatedException&)
+        {
+            success = true;
+        }
+        catch (const ObjectAdapterDestroyedException&)
+        {
+            success = true;
+        }
+        catch (...)
+        {
+        }
+
+        if (success)
+        {
+            if (response)
+            {
+                response();
+            }
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            if (exception)
+            {
+                exception(closeException);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+bool
+Ice::ConnectionI::isActiveOrHolding() const
+{
+    // We can not use trylock here, otherwise the outgoing connection
+    // factory might return destroyed (closing or closed) connections,
+    // resulting in connection retry exhaustion.
+
+    std::lock_guard lock(_mutex);
+
+    return _state > StateNotValidated && _state < StateClosing;
+}
+
+bool
+Ice::ConnectionI::isFinished() const
+{
+    //
+    // We can use trylock here, because as long as there are still
+    // threads operating in this connection object, connection
+    // destruction is considered as not yet finished.
+    //
+    std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(_mutex, std::try_to_lock);
+
+    if (!lock.owns_lock())
+    {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    if (_state != StateFinished || _upcallCount != 0)
+    {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    assert(_state == StateFinished);
+    return true;
+}
+
+void
+Ice::ConnectionI::throwException() const
+{
+    std::lock_guard lock(_mutex);
+
+    if (_exception)
+    {
+        assert(_state >= StateClosing);
+        rethrow_exception(_exception);
+    }
+}
+
+void
+Ice::ConnectionI::waitUntilHolding() const
+{
+    std::unique_lock lock(_mutex);
+    _conditionVariable.wait(lock, [this] { return _state >= StateHolding && _upcallCount == 0; });
+}
+
+void
+Ice::ConnectionI::waitUntilFinished()
+{
+    std::unique_lock lock(_mutex);
+
+    //
+    // We wait indefinitely until the connection is finished and all
+    // outstanding requests are completed. Otherwise we couldn't
+    // guarantee that there are no outstanding calls when deactivate()
+    // is called on the servant locators.
+    //
+    _conditionVariable.wait(lock, [this] { return _state >= StateFinished && _upcallCount == 0; });
+
+    assert(_state == StateFinished);
+
+    //
+    // Clear the OA. See bug 1673 for the details of why this is necessary.
+    //
+    _adapter = nullptr;
+}
+
+void
+Ice::ConnectionI::updateObserver()
+{
+    std::lock_guard lock(_mutex);
+    if (_state < StateNotValidated || _state > StateClosed)
+    {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    assert(_instance->initializationData().observer);
+
+    ConnectionObserverPtr o = _instance->initializationData().observer->getConnectionObserver(
+        initConnectionInfo(),
+        _endpoint,
+        toConnectionState(_state),
+        _observer.get());
+    _observer.attach(o);
+}
+
+AsyncStatus
+Ice::ConnectionI::sendAsyncRequest(const OutgoingAsyncBasePtr& out, bool compress, bool response, int batchRequestCount)
+{
+    OutputStream* os = out->getOs();
+
+    std::lock_guard lock(_mutex);
+    //
+    // If the exception is closed before we even have a chance
+    // to send our request, we always try to send the request
+    // again.
+    //
+    if (_exception)
+    {
+        throw RetryException(_exception);
+    }
+    assert(_state > StateNotValidated);
+    assert(_state < StateClosing);
+
+    //
+    // Ensure the message isn't bigger than what we can send with the
+    // transport.
+    //
+    _transceiver->checkSendSize(*os);
+
+    //
+    // Notify the request that it's cancelable with this connection.
+    // This will throw if the request is canceled.
+    //
+    out->cancelable(shared_from_this());
+    int32_t requestId = 0;
+    if (response)
+    {
+        //
+        // Create a new unique request ID.
+        //
+        requestId = _nextRequestId++;
+        if (requestId <= 0)
+        {
+            _nextRequestId = 1;
+            requestId = _nextRequestId++;
+        }
+
+        //
+        // Fill in the request ID.
+        //
+        const byte* p = reinterpret_cast<const byte*>(&requestId);
+        if constexpr (endian::native == endian::big)
+        {
+            reverse_copy(p, p + sizeof(int32_t), os->b.begin() + headerSize);
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            copy(p, p + sizeof(int32_t), os->b.begin() + headerSize);
+        }
+    }
+    else if (batchRequestCount > 0)
+    {
+        const byte* p = reinterpret_cast<const byte*>(&batchRequestCount);
+        if constexpr (endian::native == endian::big)
+        {
+            reverse_copy(p, p + sizeof(int32_t), os->b.begin() + headerSize);
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            copy(p, p + sizeof(int32_t), os->b.begin() + headerSize);
+        }
+    }
+
+    out->attachRemoteObserver(initConnectionInfo(), _endpoint, requestId);
+
+    // We're just about to send a request, so we are not inactive anymore.
+    cancelInactivityTimerTask();
+
+    AsyncStatus status = AsyncStatusQueued;
+    try
+    {
+        OutgoingMessage message(out, os, compress, requestId);
+        status = sendMessage(message);
+    }
+    catch (const LocalException&)
+    {
+        setState(StateClosed, current_exception());
+        assert(_exception);
+        rethrow_exception(_exception);
+    }
+
+    if (response)
+    {
+        _asyncRequestsHint =
+            _asyncRequests.insert(_asyncRequests.end(), pair<const int32_t, OutgoingAsyncBasePtr>(requestId, out));
+    }
+    return status;
+}
+
+const BatchRequestQueuePtr&
+Ice::ConnectionI::getBatchRequestQueue() const
+{
+    return _batchRequestQueue;
+}
+
+std::function<void()>
+Ice::ConnectionI::flushBatchRequestsAsync(
+    CompressBatch compress,
+    std::function<void(std::exception_ptr)> ex,
+    std::function<void(bool)> sent)
+{
+    class ConnectionFlushBatchLambda : public ConnectionFlushBatchAsync, public LambdaInvoke
+    {
+    public:
+        ConnectionFlushBatchLambda(
+            std::shared_ptr<Ice::ConnectionI>&& connection,
+            const InstancePtr& instance,
+            std::function<void(std::exception_ptr)> ex,
+            std::function<void(bool)> sent)
+            : ConnectionFlushBatchAsync(connection, instance),
+              LambdaInvoke(std::move(ex), std::move(sent))
+        {
+        }
+    };
+    auto outAsync = make_shared<ConnectionFlushBatchLambda>(shared_from_this(), _instance, ex, sent);
+    static constexpr string_view operationName = "flushBatchRequests";
+    outAsync->invoke(operationName, compress);
+    return [outAsync]() { outAsync->cancel(); };
+}
+
+void
+Ice::ConnectionI::setCloseCallback(CloseCallback callback)
+{
+    std::lock_guard lock(_mutex);
+    if (_state >= StateClosed)
+    {
+        if (callback)
+        {
+            auto self = shared_from_this();
+            _threadPool->execute([self, callback = std::move(callback)]() { self->closeCallback(callback); }, self);
+        }
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        _closeCallback = std::move(callback);
+    }
+}
+
+void
+Ice::ConnectionI::disableInactivityCheck() noexcept
+{
+    std::lock_guard lock{_mutex};
+    cancelInactivityTimerTask();
+    _inactivityTimerTask = nullptr;
+}
+
+void
+Ice::ConnectionI::closeCallback(const CloseCallback& callback)
+{
+    try
+    {
+        callback(shared_from_this());
+    }
+    catch (const std::exception& ex)
+    {
+        Error out(_instance->initializationData().logger);
+        out << "connection callback exception:\n" << ex << '\n' << _desc;
+    }
+    catch (...)
+    {
+        Error out(_instance->initializationData().logger);
+        out << "connection callback exception:\nunknown c++ exception" << '\n' << _desc;
+    }
+}
+
+void
+Ice::ConnectionI::asyncRequestCanceled(const OutgoingAsyncBasePtr& outAsync, exception_ptr ex)
+{
+    //
+    // NOTE: This isn't called from a thread pool thread.
+    //
+
+    std::lock_guard lock(_mutex);
+    if (_state >= StateClosed)
+    {
+        return; // The request has already been or will be shortly notified of the failure.
+    }
+
+    for (auto o = _sendStreams.begin(); o != _sendStreams.end(); ++o)
+    {
+        if (o->outAsync.get() == outAsync.get())
+        {
+            if (o->requestId)
+            {
+                if (_asyncRequestsHint != _asyncRequests.end() &&
+                    _asyncRequestsHint->second == dynamic_pointer_cast<OutgoingAsync>(outAsync))
+                {
+                    _asyncRequests.erase(_asyncRequestsHint);
+                    _asyncRequestsHint = _asyncRequests.end();
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    _asyncRequests.erase(o->requestId);
+                }
+            }
+
+            try
+            {
+                rethrow_exception(ex);
+            }
+            catch (const ConnectionAbortedException&)
+            {
+                setState(StateClosed, ex);
+            }
+            catch (const std::exception&)
+            {
+                //
+                // If the request is being sent, don't remove it from the send streams,
+                // it will be removed once the sending is finished.
+                //
+                if (o == _sendStreams.begin())
+                {
+                    o->canceled(true); // true = adopt the stream
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    o->canceled(false);
+                    _sendStreams.erase(o);
+                }
+                if (outAsync->exception(ex))
+                {
+                    outAsync->invokeExceptionAsync();
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (_closeRequested && _state < StateClosing && _asyncRequests.empty())
+            {
+                doApplicationClose();
+            }
+            return;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (dynamic_pointer_cast<OutgoingAsync>(outAsync))
+    {
+        if (_asyncRequestsHint != _asyncRequests.end())
+        {
+            if (_asyncRequestsHint->second == outAsync)
+            {
+                try
+                {
+                    rethrow_exception(ex);
+                }
+                catch (const ConnectionAbortedException&)
+                {
+                    setState(StateClosed, ex);
+                }
+                catch (const std::exception&)
+                {
+                    _asyncRequests.erase(_asyncRequestsHint);
+                    _asyncRequestsHint = _asyncRequests.end();
+
+                    if (outAsync->exception(ex))
+                    {
+                        outAsync->invokeExceptionAsync();
+                    }
+                }
+
+                if (_closeRequested && _state < StateClosing && _asyncRequests.empty())
+                {
+                    doApplicationClose();
+                }
+                return;
+            }
+        }
+
+        for (auto p = _asyncRequests.begin(); p != _asyncRequests.end(); ++p)
+        {
+            if (p->second.get() == outAsync.get())
+            {
+                try
+                {
+                    rethrow_exception(ex);
+                }
+                catch (const ConnectionAbortedException&)
+                {
+                    setState(StateClosed, ex);
+                }
+                catch (const std::exception&)
+                {
+                    assert(p != _asyncRequestsHint);
+                    _asyncRequests.erase(p);
+
+                    if (outAsync->exception(ex))
+                    {
+                        outAsync->invokeExceptionAsync();
+                    }
+                }
+                return;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+void
+Ice::ConnectionI::dispatchException(exception_ptr ex, int requestCount)
+{
+    // Fatal exception while dispatching a request. Since sendResponse isn't called in case of a fatal exception we
+    // decrement _upcallCount here.
+
+    bool finished = false;
+    {
+        std::lock_guard lock(_mutex);
+        setState(StateClosed, ex);
+
+        if (requestCount > 0)
+        {
+            assert(_upcallCount >= requestCount);
+            _upcallCount -= requestCount;
+            if (_upcallCount == 0)
+            {
+                if (_state == StateFinished)
+                {
+                    finished = true;
+                    if (_observer)
+                    {
+                        _observer.detach();
+                    }
+                }
+                _conditionVariable.notify_all();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    if (finished && _removeFromFactory)
+    {
+        _removeFromFactory(shared_from_this());
+    }
+}
+
+EndpointIPtr
+Ice::ConnectionI::endpoint() const
+{
+    return _endpoint; // No mutex protection necessary, _endpoint is immutable.
+}
+
+ConnectorPtr
+Ice::ConnectionI::connector() const
+{
+    return _connector; // No mutex protection necessary, _connector is immutable.
+}
+
+void
+Ice::ConnectionI::setAdapter(const ObjectAdapterPtr& adapter)
+{
+    if (!_connector) // server connection
+    {
+        throw std::logic_error{"setAdapter can only be called on a client connection"};
+    }
+
+    if (adapter)
+    {
+        // Go through the adapter to set the adapter on this connection
+        // to ensure the object adapter is still active.
+        dynamic_pointer_cast<ObjectAdapterI>(adapter)->setAdapterOnConnection(shared_from_this());
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        std::lock_guard lock(_mutex);
+        if (_state <= StateNotValidated || _state >= StateClosing)
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        _adapter = nullptr;
+    }
+
+    //
+    // We never change the thread pool with which we were initially
+    // registered, even if we add or remove an object adapter.
+    //
+}
+
+ObjectAdapterPtr
+Ice::ConnectionI::getAdapter() const noexcept
+{
+    std::lock_guard lock(_mutex);
+    return _adapter;
+}
+
+EndpointPtr
+Ice::ConnectionI::getEndpoint() const noexcept
+{
+    return _endpoint; // No mutex protection necessary, _endpoint is immutable.
+}
+
+ObjectPrx
+Ice::ConnectionI::_createProxy(Identity ident) const
+{
+    checkIdentity(ident, __FILE__, __LINE__);
+    return ObjectPrx::_fromReference(
+        _instance->referenceFactory()->create(std::move(ident), const_cast<ConnectionI*>(this)->shared_from_this()));
+}
+
+void
+Ice::ConnectionI::setAdapterFromAdapter(const ObjectAdapterIPtr& adapter)
+{
+    std::lock_guard lock(_mutex);
+    if (_state <= StateNotValidated || _state >= StateClosing)
+    {
+        return;
+    }
+    assert(adapter); // Called by ObjectAdapterI::setAdapterOnConnection
+    _adapter = adapter;
+
+    // Clear cached connection info (if any) as it's no longer accurate.
+    _info = nullptr;
+}
+
+#if defined(ICE_USE_IOCP)
+bool
+Ice::ConnectionI::startAsync(SocketOperation operation)
+{
+    if (_state >= StateClosed)
+    {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    try
+    {
+        if (operation & SocketOperationWrite)
+        {
+            if (_observer)
+            {
+                _observer.startWrite(_writeStream);
+            }
+
+            if (_transceiver->startWrite(_writeStream) && !_sendStreams.empty())
+            {
+                // The whole message is written, assume it's sent now for at-most-once semantics.
+                _sendStreams.front().isSent = true;
+            }
+        }
+        else if (operation & SocketOperationRead)
+        {
+            if (_observer && !_readHeader)
+            {
+                _observer.startRead(_readStream);
+            }
+
+            _transceiver->startRead(_readStream);
+        }
+    }
+    catch (const Ice::LocalException&)
+    {
+        setState(StateClosed, current_exception());
+        return false;
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool
+Ice::ConnectionI::finishAsync(SocketOperation operation)
+{
+    try
+    {
+        if (operation & SocketOperationWrite)
+        {
+            Buffer::Container::iterator start = _writeStream.i;
+            _transceiver->finishWrite(_writeStream);
+            if (_instance->traceLevels()->network >= 3 && _writeStream.i != start)
+            {
+                Trace out(_instance->initializationData().logger, _instance->traceLevels()->networkCat);
+                out << "sent " << (_writeStream.i - start);
+                if (!_endpoint->datagram())
+                {
+                    out << " of " << (_writeStream.b.end() - start);
+                }
+                out << " bytes via " << _endpoint->protocol() << "\n" << toString();
+            }
+
+            if (_observer)
+            {
+                _observer.finishWrite(_writeStream);
+            }
+        }
+        else if (operation & SocketOperationRead)
+        {
+            Buffer::Container::iterator start = _readStream.i;
+            _transceiver->finishRead(_readStream);
+            if (_instance->traceLevels()->network >= 3 && _readStream.i != start)
+            {
+                Trace out(_instance->initializationData().logger, _instance->traceLevels()->networkCat);
+                out << "received ";
+                if (_endpoint->datagram())
+                {
+                    out << _readStream.b.size();
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    out << (_readStream.i - start) << " of " << (_readStream.b.end() - start);
+                }
+                out << " bytes via " << _endpoint->protocol() << "\n" << toString();
+            }
+
+            if (_observer && !_readHeader)
+            {
+                _observer.finishRead(_readStream);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    catch (const Ice::LocalException&)
+    {
+        setState(StateClosed, current_exception());
+    }
+    return _state < StateClosed;
+}
+#endif
+
+void
+Ice::ConnectionI::message(ThreadPoolCurrent& current)
+{
+    int upcallCount = 0;
+
+    function<void(ConnectionIPtr)> connectionStartCompleted;
+    vector<OutgoingMessage> sentCBs;
+    function<bool(InputStream&)> messageUpcall;
+    InputStream messageStream{_instance.get(), currentProtocolEncoding};
+
+    ThreadPoolMessage<ConnectionI> msg(current, *this);
+    {
+        std::lock_guard lock(_mutex);
+
+        ThreadPoolMessage<ConnectionI>::IOScope io(msg);
+        if (!io)
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if (_state >= StateClosed)
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        try
+        {
+            SocketOperation writeOp = SocketOperationNone;
+            SocketOperation readOp = SocketOperationNone;
+
+            // If writes are ready, write the data from the connection's write buffer (_writeStream)
+            if (current.operation & SocketOperationWrite)
+            {
+                if (_observer)
+                {
+                    _observer.startWrite(_writeStream);
+                }
+                writeOp = write(_writeStream);
+                if (_observer && !(writeOp & SocketOperationWrite))
+                {
+                    _observer.finishWrite(_writeStream);
+                }
+            }
+
+            // If reads are ready, read the data into the connection's read buffer (_readStream). The data is read
+            // until:
+            // - the full message is read (the transport read returns SocketOperationNone) and
+            //   the read buffer is fully filled
+            // - the read operation on the transport can't continue without blocking
+            if (current.operation & SocketOperationRead)
+            {
+                while (true)
+                {
+                    if (_observer && !_readHeader)
+                    {
+                        _observer.startRead(_readStream);
+                    }
+
+                    readOp = read(_readStream);
+                    if (readOp & SocketOperationRead)
+                    {
+                        // Can't continue without blocking, exit out of the loop.
+                        break;
+                    }
+
+                    if (_observer && !_readHeader)
+                    {
+                        assert(_readStream.i == _readStream.b.end());
+                        _observer.finishRead(_readStream);
+                    }
+
+                    // If read header is true, we're reading a new Ice protocol message and we need to read
+                    // the message header.
+                    if (_readHeader)
+                    {
+                        // The next read will read the remainder of the message.
+                        _readHeader = false;
+
+                        if (_observer)
+                        {
+                            _observer->receivedBytes(static_cast<int>(headerSize));
+                        }
+
+                        //
+                        // Connection is validated on first message. This is only used by
+                        // setState() to check whether or not we can print a connection
+                        // warning (a client might close the connection forcefully if the
+                        // connection isn't validated, we don't want to print a warning
+                        // in this case).
+                        //
+                        _validated = true;
+
+                        // Full header should be read because the size of _readStream is always headerSize (14) when
+                        // reading a new message (see the code that sets _readHeader = true).
+                        ptrdiff_t pos = _readStream.i - _readStream.b.begin();
+                        if (pos < headerSize)
+                        {
+                            //
+                            // This situation is possible for small UDP packets.
+                            //
+                            throw MarshalException{
+                                __FILE__,
+                                __LINE__,
+                                "received Ice message with too few bytes in header"};
+                        }
+
+                        // Decode the header.
+                        _readStream.i = _readStream.b.begin();
+                        const byte* m;
+                        _readStream.readBlob(m, static_cast<int32_t>(sizeof(magic)));
+                        if (m[0] != magic[0] || m[1] != magic[1] || m[2] != magic[2] || m[3] != magic[3])
+                        {
+                            throw ProtocolException{__FILE__, __LINE__, createBadMagicMessage(m)};
+                        }
+                        ProtocolVersion pv;
+                        _readStream.read(pv);
+                        if (pv != currentProtocol)
+                        {
+                            throw ProtocolException{
+                                __FILE__,
+                                __LINE__,
+                                "invalid protocol version in message header: " + protocolVersionToString(pv)};
+                        }
+                        EncodingVersion ev;
+                        _readStream.read(ev);
+                        if (ev != currentProtocolEncoding)
+                        {
+                            throw ProtocolException{
+                                __FILE__,
+                                __LINE__,
+                                "invalid protocol encoding version in message header: " + encodingVersionToString(ev)};
+                        }
+                        uint8_t messageType;
+                        _readStream.read(messageType);
+                        uint8_t compressByte;
+                        _readStream.read(compressByte);
+                        int32_t size;
+                        _readStream.read(size);
+                        if (size < headerSize)
+                        {
+                            throw MarshalException{
+                                __FILE__,
+                                __LINE__,
+                                "received Ice message with unexpected size " + to_string(size)};
+                        }
+
+                        // Resize the read buffer to the message size.
+                        if (size > _messageSizeMax)
+                        {
+                            Ex::throwMemoryLimitException(
+                                __FILE__,
+                                __LINE__,
+                                static_cast<size_t>(size),
+                                _messageSizeMax);
+                        }
+                        if (static_cast<size_t>(size) > _readStream.b.size())
+                        {
+                            _readStream.b.resize(static_cast<size_t>(size));
+                        }
+                        _readStream.i = _readStream.b.begin() + pos;
+                    }
+
+                    if (_readStream.i != _readStream.b.end())
+                    {
+                        if (_endpoint->datagram())
+                        {
+                            throw DatagramLimitException(__FILE__, __LINE__); // The message was truncated.
+                        }
+                        continue;
+                    }
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+
+            // readOp and writeOp are set to the operations that the transport read or write calls from above returned.
+            // They indicate which operations will need to be monitored by the thread pool's selector when this method
+            // returns.
+            auto newOp = static_cast<SocketOperation>(readOp | writeOp);
+
+            // Operations that are ready. For example, if message was called with SocketOperationRead and the transport
+            // read returned SocketOperationNone, reads are considered done: there's no additional data to read.
+            auto readyOp = static_cast<SocketOperation>(current.operation & ~newOp);
+
+            if (_state <= StateNotValidated)
+            {
+                // If the connection is still not validated and there's still data to read or write, continue waiting
+                // for data to read or write.
+                if (newOp)
+                {
+                    _threadPool->update(shared_from_this(), current.operation, newOp);
+                    return;
+                }
+
+                // Initialize the connection if it's not initialized yet.
+                if (_state == StateNotInitialized && !initialize(current.operation))
+                {
+                    return;
+                }
+
+                // Validate the connection if it's not validated yet.
+                if (_state <= StateNotValidated && !validate(current.operation))
+                {
+                    return;
+                }
+
+                // The connection is validated and doesn't need additional data to be read or written. So unregister
+                // it from the thread pool's selector.
+                _threadPool->unregister(shared_from_this(), current.operation);
+
+                // The connection starts in the holding state. It will be activated by the connection factory.
+                setState(StateHolding);
+                if (_connectionStartCompleted)
+                {
+                    connectionStartCompleted = std::move(_connectionStartCompleted);
+                    ++upcallCount;
+                    _connectionStartCompleted = nullptr;
+                    _connectionStartFailed = nullptr;
+                }
+            }
+            else // The connection is active or waits for the CloseConnection message.
+            {
+                assert(_state <= StateClosingPending);
+
+                //
+                // We parse messages first, if we receive a close
+                // connection message we won't send more messages.
+                //
+                if (readyOp & SocketOperationRead)
+                {
+                    // At this point, the protocol message is fully read and can therefore be decoded by parseMessage.
+                    // parseMessage returns the operation to wait for readiness next.
+                    newOp =
+                        static_cast<SocketOperation>(newOp | parseMessage(upcallCount, messageUpcall, messageStream));
+                }
+
+                if (readyOp & SocketOperationWrite)
+                {
+                    // At this point the message from _writeStream is fully written and the next message can be written.
+
+                    newOp = static_cast<SocketOperation>(newOp | sendNextMessages(sentCBs));
+                    if (!sentCBs.empty())
+                    {
+                        ++upcallCount;
+                    }
+                }
+
+                // If the connection is not closed yet, we update the thread pool selector to wait for readiness of
+                // read, write or both operations.
+                if (_state < StateClosed)
+                {
+                    _threadPool->update(shared_from_this(), current.operation, newOp);
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (upcallCount == 0)
+            {
+                return; // Nothing to dispatch we're done!
+            }
+
+            _upcallCount += upcallCount;
+
+            // There's something to dispatch so we mark IO as completed to elect a new leader thread and let IO be
+            // performed on this new leader thread while this thread continues with dispatching the up-calls.
+            io.completed();
+        }
+        catch (const DatagramLimitException&) // Expected.
+        {
+            if (_warnUdp)
+            {
+                Warning out(_instance->initializationData().logger);
+                out << "maximum datagram size of " << _readStream.i - _readStream.b.begin() << " exceeded";
+            }
+            _readStream.resize(headerSize);
+            _readStream.i = _readStream.b.begin();
+            _readHeader = true;
+            return;
+        }
+        catch (const SocketException&)
+        {
+            setState(StateClosed, current_exception());
+            return;
+        }
+        catch (const LocalException& ex)
+        {
+            if (_endpoint->datagram())
+            {
+                if (_warn)
+                {
+                    Warning out(_instance->initializationData().logger);
+                    out << "datagram connection exception:\n" << ex << '\n' << _desc;
+                }
+                _readStream.resize(headerSize);
+                _readStream.i = _readStream.b.begin();
+                _readHeader = true;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                setState(StateClosed, current_exception());
+            }
+            return;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (!_hasExecutor) // Optimization, call upcall() directly if there's no executor.
+    {
+        upcall(connectionStartCompleted, sentCBs, messageUpcall, messageStream);
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        auto stream = make_shared<InputStream>(_instance.get(), currentProtocolEncoding);
+        stream->swap(messageStream);
+
+        auto self = shared_from_this();
+        _threadPool->executeFromThisThread(
+            [self,
+             connectionStartCompleted = std::move(connectionStartCompleted),
+             sentCBs = std::move(sentCBs),
+             messageUpcall = std::move(messageUpcall),
+             stream]() { self->upcall(connectionStartCompleted, sentCBs, messageUpcall, *stream); },
+            self);
+    }
+}
+
+void
+ConnectionI::upcall(
+    const function<void(ConnectionIPtr)>& connectionStartCompleted,
+    const vector<OutgoingMessage>& sentCBs,
+    const function<bool(InputStream&)>& messageUpcall,
+    InputStream& messageStream)
+{
+    int completedUpcallCount = 0;
+
+    //
+    // Notify the factory that the connection establishment and
+    // validation has completed.
+    //
+    if (connectionStartCompleted)
+    {
+        connectionStartCompleted(shared_from_this());
+        ++completedUpcallCount;
+    }
+
+    //
+    // Notify AMI calls that the message was sent.
+    //
+    if (!sentCBs.empty())
+    {
+        for (const auto& sentCB : sentCBs)
+        {
+#if defined(ICE_USE_IOCP)
+            if (sentCB.invokeSent)
+            {
+                sentCB.outAsync->invokeSent();
+            }
+            if (sentCB.receivedReply)
+            {
+                auto o = dynamic_pointer_cast<OutgoingAsync>(sentCB.outAsync);
+                if (o->response())
+                {
+                    o->invokeResponse();
+                }
+            }
+#else
+            sentCB.outAsync->invokeSent();
+#endif
+        }
+        ++completedUpcallCount;
+    }
+
+    if (messageUpcall && messageUpcall(messageStream))
+    {
+        ++completedUpcallCount;
+    }
+
+    //
+    // Decrease the upcall count.
+    //
+    bool finished = false;
+    if (completedUpcallCount > 0)
+    {
+        std::lock_guard lock(_mutex);
+        _upcallCount -= completedUpcallCount;
+        if (_upcallCount == 0)
+        {
+            // Only initiate shutdown if not already initiated. It might have already been initiated if the sent
+            // callback or AMI callback was called when the connection was in the closing state.
+            if (_state == StateClosing)
+            {
+                try
+                {
+                    initiateShutdown();
+                }
+                catch (const LocalException&)
+                {
+                    setState(StateClosed, current_exception());
+                }
+            }
+            else if (_state == StateFinished)
+            {
+                finished = true;
+                if (_observer)
+                {
+                    _observer.detach();
+                }
+            }
+            _conditionVariable.notify_all();
+        }
+    }
+    if (finished && _removeFromFactory)
+    {
+        _removeFromFactory(shared_from_this());
+    }
+}
+
+void
+Ice::ConnectionI::finished(ThreadPoolCurrent& current, bool close)
+{
+    // Lock the connection here to ensure setState() completes before the code below is executed. This method can be
+    // called by the thread pool as soon as setState() calls _threadPool->finish(...). There's no need to lock the mutex
+    // for the remainder of the code because the data members accessed by finish() are immutable once _state ==
+    // StateClosed (and we don't want to hold the mutex when calling upcalls).
+    {
+        std::lock_guard lock(_mutex);
+        assert(_state == StateClosed);
+    }
+
+    // If there are no callbacks to call, we don't call ioCompleted() since we're not going to call code that will
+    // potentially block (this avoids promoting a new leader and unecessary thread creation, especially if this is
+    // called on shutdown).
+    if (!_connectionStartCompleted && !_connectionStartFailed && _sendStreams.empty() && _asyncRequests.empty() &&
+        !_closeCallback)
+    {
+        finish(close);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    current.ioCompleted();
+
+    if (!_hasExecutor) // Optimization, call finish() directly if there's no executor.
+    {
+        finish(close);
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        auto self = shared_from_this();
+        _threadPool->executeFromThisThread([self, close]() { self->finish(close); }, self);
+    }
+}
+
+void
+Ice::ConnectionI::finish(bool close)
+{
+    if (!_initialized)
+    {
+        if (_instance->traceLevels()->network >= 2)
+        {
+            string verb = _connector ? "establish" : "accept";
+            Trace out(_instance->initializationData().logger, _instance->traceLevels()->networkCat);
+
+            try
+            {
+                rethrow_exception(_exception);
+            }
+            catch (const std::exception& ex)
+            {
+                out << "failed to " << verb << " " << _endpoint->protocol() << " connection\n"
+                    << toString() << "\n"
+                    << ex;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        if (_instance->traceLevels()->network >= 1)
+        {
+            Trace out(_instance->initializationData().logger, _instance->traceLevels()->networkCat);
+            out << "closed " << _endpoint->protocol() << " connection\n" << toString();
+
+            try
+            {
+                rethrow_exception(_exception);
+            }
+            catch (const CommunicatorDestroyedException&)
+            {
+            }
+            catch (const ObjectAdapterDeactivatedException&)
+            {
+            }
+            catch (const ObjectAdapterDestroyedException&)
+            {
+            }
+            catch (const std::exception& ex)
+            {
+                out << "\n" << ex;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (close)
+    {
+        try
+        {
+            _transceiver->close();
+        }
+        catch (const Ice::LocalException& ex)
+        {
+            Error out(_logger);
+            out << "unexpected connection exception:\n" << ex << '\n' << _desc;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (_connectionStartFailed)
+    {
+        assert(_exception);
+        _connectionStartFailed(shared_from_this(), _exception);
+        _connectionStartFailed = nullptr;
+        _connectionStartCompleted = nullptr;
+    }
+
+    if (!_sendStreams.empty())
+    {
+        if (!_writeStream.b.empty())
+        {
+            //
+            // Return the stream to the outgoing call. This is important for
+            // retriable AMI calls which are not marshaled again.
+            //
+            OutgoingMessage* message = &_sendStreams.front();
+            _writeStream.swap(*message->stream);
+
+#if defined(ICE_USE_IOCP)
+            //
+            // The current message might be sent but not yet removed from _sendStreams. If
+            // the response has been received in the meantime, we remove the message from
+            // _sendStreams to not call finished on a message which is already done.
+            //
+            if (message->isSent || message->receivedReply)
+            {
+                if (message->sent() && message->invokeSent)
+                {
+                    message->outAsync->invokeSent();
+                }
+                if (message->receivedReply)
+                {
+                    OutgoingAsyncPtr outAsync = dynamic_pointer_cast<OutgoingAsync>(message->outAsync);
+                    if (outAsync->response())
+                    {
+                        outAsync->invokeResponse();
+                    }
+                }
+                _sendStreams.pop_front();
+            }
+#endif
+        }
+
+        for (auto& sendStream : _sendStreams)
+        {
+            sendStream.completed(_exception);
+            if (sendStream.requestId) // Make sure finished isn't called twice.
+            {
+                _asyncRequests.erase(sendStream.requestId);
+            }
+        }
+
+        _sendStreams.clear();
+    }
+
+    for (const auto& asyncRequest : _asyncRequests)
+    {
+        if (asyncRequest.second->exception(_exception))
+        {
+            asyncRequest.second->invokeException();
+        }
+    }
+
+    _asyncRequests.clear();
+
+    //
+    // Don't wait to be reaped to reclaim memory allocated by read/write streams.
+    //
+    _writeStream.clear();
+    _writeStream.b.clear();
+    _readStream.clear();
+    _readStream.b.clear();
+
+    if (!_onClosedList.empty())
+    {
+        bool success;
+        try
+        {
+            rethrow_exception(_exception);
+        }
+        catch (const ConnectionClosedException&)
+        {
+            success = true;
+        }
+        catch (const CloseConnectionException&)
+        {
+            success = true;
+        }
+        catch (const CommunicatorDestroyedException&)
+        {
+            success = true;
+        }
+        catch (const ObjectAdapterDeactivatedException&)
+        {
+            success = true;
+        }
+        catch (const ObjectAdapterDestroyedException&)
+        {
+            success = true;
+        }
+        catch (...)
+        {
+            success = false;
+        }
+
+        for (const auto& pair : _onClosedList)
+        {
+            if (success)
+            {
+                if (pair.first)
+                {
+                    pair.first();
+                }
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                if (pair.second)
+                {
+                    pair.second(_exception);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        _onClosedList.clear(); // break potential cycles
+    }
+
+    if (_closeCallback)
+    {
+        closeCallback(_closeCallback);
+        _closeCallback = nullptr;
+    }
+
+    // This must be done last as this will cause waitUntilFinished() to return (and communicator
+    // objects such as the timer might be destroyed too).
+    bool finished = false;
+    {
+        std::lock_guard lock(_mutex);
+        setState(StateFinished);
+
+        if (_upcallCount == 0)
+        {
+            finished = true;
+            if (_observer)
+            {
+                _observer.detach();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    if (finished && _removeFromFactory)
+    {
+        _removeFromFactory(shared_from_this());
+    }
+}
+
+string
+Ice::ConnectionI::toString() const
+{
+    return _desc; // No mutex lock, _desc is immutable.
+}
+
+NativeInfoPtr
+Ice::ConnectionI::getNativeInfo()
+{
+    return _transceiver->getNativeInfo();
+}
+
+const string&
+Ice::ConnectionI::type() const noexcept
+{
+    return _type; // No mutex lock, _type is immutable.
+}
+
+ConnectionInfoPtr
+Ice::ConnectionI::getInfo() const
+{
+    std::lock_guard lock(_mutex);
+    if (_state >= StateClosed)
+    {
+        rethrow_exception(_exception);
+    }
+    return initConnectionInfo();
+}
+
+void
+Ice::ConnectionI::setBufferSize(int32_t rcvSize, int32_t sndSize)
+{
+    std::lock_guard lock(_mutex);
+    if (_state >= StateClosed)
+    {
+        rethrow_exception(_exception);
+    }
+    _transceiver->setBufferSize(rcvSize, sndSize);
+    _info = nullptr; // Invalidate the cached connection info
+}
+
+void
+Ice::ConnectionI::exception(std::exception_ptr ex)
+{
+    std::lock_guard lock(_mutex);
+    setState(StateClosed, ex);
+}
+
+Ice::ConnectionI::ConnectionI(
+    CommunicatorPtr communicator,
+    const InstancePtr& instance,
+    const TransceiverPtr& transceiver,
+    const ConnectorPtr& connector,
+    const EndpointIPtr& endpoint,
+    const shared_ptr<ObjectAdapterI>& adapter,
+    std::function<void(const ConnectionIPtr&)> removeFromFactory,
+    const ConnectionOptions& options) noexcept
+    : _communicator(std::move(communicator)),
+      _instance(instance),
+      _transceiver(transceiver),
+      _idleTimeoutTransceiver(dynamic_pointer_cast<IdleTimeoutTransceiverDecorator>(transceiver)),
+      _desc(transceiver->toString()),
+      _type(transceiver->protocol()),
+      _connector(connector),
+      _endpoint(endpoint),
+      _adapter(adapter),
+      _hasExecutor(_instance->initializationData().executor != nullptr), // Cached for better performance.
+      _logger(_instance->initializationData().logger),                   // Cached for better performance.
+      _traceLevels(_instance->traceLevels()),                            // Cached for better performance.
+      _timer(_instance->timer()),                                        // Cached for better performance.
+      _connectTimeout(options.connectTimeout),
+      _closeTimeout(options.closeTimeout), // not used for datagram connections
+      // suppress inactivity timeout for datagram connections
+      _inactivityTimeout(endpoint->datagram() ? chrono::seconds::zero() : options.inactivityTimeout),
+      _removeFromFactory(std::move(removeFromFactory)),
+      _warn(_instance->initializationData().properties->getIcePropertyAsInt("Ice.Warn.Connections") > 0),
+      _warnUdp(_instance->initializationData().properties->getIcePropertyAsInt("Ice.Warn.Datagrams") > 0),
+      _asyncRequestsHint(_asyncRequests.end()),
+      _messageSizeMax(connector ? _instance->messageSizeMax() : adapter->messageSizeMax()),
+      _batchRequestQueue(new BatchRequestQueue(instance, endpoint->datagram())),
+      _readStream{instance.get(), currentProtocolEncoding},
+      _maxDispatches(options.maxDispatches)
+{
+    const Ice::PropertiesPtr& properties = _instance->initializationData().properties;
+
+    int& compressionLevel = const_cast<int&>(_compressionLevel);
+    compressionLevel = properties->getIcePropertyAsInt("Ice.Compression.Level");
+    if (compressionLevel < 1)
+    {
+        compressionLevel = 1;
+    }
+    else if (compressionLevel > 9)
+    {
+        compressionLevel = 9;
+    }
+}
+
+Ice::ConnectionIPtr
+Ice::ConnectionI::create(
+    const CommunicatorPtr& communicator,
+    const InstancePtr& instance,
+    const TransceiverPtr& transceiver,
+    const ConnectorPtr& connector,
+    const EndpointIPtr& endpoint,
+    const shared_ptr<ObjectAdapterI>& adapter,
+    std::function<void(const ConnectionIPtr&)> removeFromFactory,
+    const ConnectionOptions& options)
+{
+    shared_ptr<IdleTimeoutTransceiverDecorator> decoratedTransceiver;
+    if (options.idleTimeout > chrono::milliseconds::zero() && !endpoint->datagram())
+    {
+        decoratedTransceiver =
+            make_shared<IdleTimeoutTransceiverDecorator>(transceiver, options.idleTimeout, instance->timer());
+    }
+
+    Ice::ConnectionIPtr connection(new ConnectionI(
+        communicator,
+        instance,
+        decoratedTransceiver ? decoratedTransceiver : transceiver,
+        connector,
+        endpoint,
+        adapter,
+        std::move(removeFromFactory),
+        options));
+
+    if (connection->_inactivityTimeout > chrono::seconds::zero())
+    {
+        connection->_inactivityTimerTask = make_shared<InactivityTimerTask>(connection);
+    }
+
+    if (decoratedTransceiver)
+    {
+        decoratedTransceiver->decoratorInit(connection, options.enableIdleCheck);
+    }
+
+    if (connector) // client connection
+    {
+        const_cast<ThreadPoolPtr&>(connection->_threadPool) = connection->_instance->clientThreadPool();
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        // server connection
+        assert(adapter);
+        const_cast<ThreadPoolPtr&>(connection->_threadPool) = adapter->getThreadPool();
+    }
+    connection->_threadPool->initialize(connection);
+    return connection;
+}
+
+Ice::ConnectionI::~ConnectionI()
+{
+    assert(!_connectionStartCompleted);
+    assert(!_connectionStartFailed);
+    assert(!_closeCallback);
+    assert(_state == StateFinished);
+    assert(_upcallCount == 0);
+    assert(_sendStreams.empty());
+    assert(_asyncRequests.empty());
+}
+
+void
+Ice::ConnectionI::setState(State state, exception_ptr ex)
+{
+    //
+    // If setState() is called with an exception, then only closed and
+    // closing states are permissible.
+    //
+    assert(state >= StateClosing);
+
+    if (_state == state) // Don't switch twice.
+    {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if (!_exception)
+    {
+        //
+        // If we are in closed state, an exception must be set.
+        //
+        assert(_state != StateClosed);
+        _exception = ex;
+        //
+        // We don't warn if we are not validated.
+        //
+        if (_warn && _validated)
+        {
+            //
+            // Don't warn about certain expected exceptions.
+            //
+            try
+            {
+                rethrow_exception(ex);
+            }
+            catch (const CloseConnectionException&)
+            {
+            }
+            catch (const ConnectionClosedException&)
+            {
+            }
+            catch (const CommunicatorDestroyedException&)
+            {
+            }
+            catch (const ObjectAdapterDeactivatedException&)
+            {
+            }
+            catch (const ObjectAdapterDestroyedException&)
+            {
+            }
+            catch (const ConnectionLostException& e)
+            {
+                if (_state < StateClosing)
+                {
+                    Warning out(_logger);
+                    out << "connection exception:\n" << e << '\n' << _desc;
+                }
+            }
+            catch (const std::exception& e)
+            {
+                Warning out(_logger);
+                out << "connection exception:\n" << e << '\n' << _desc;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    //
+    // We must set the new state before we notify requests of any
+    // exceptions. Otherwise new requests may retry on a connection
+    // that is not yet marked as closed or closing.
+    //
+    setState(state);
+}
+
+void
+Ice::ConnectionI::setState(State state)
+{
+    //
+    // We don't want to send close connection messages if the endpoint
+    // only supports oneway transmission from client to server.
+    //
+    if (_endpoint->datagram() && state == StateClosing)
+    {
+        state = StateClosed;
+    }
+
+    //
+    // Skip graceful shutdown if we are destroyed before validation.
+    //
+    if (_state <= StateNotValidated && state == StateClosing)
+    {
+        state = StateClosed;
+    }
+
+    if (_state == state) // Don't switch twice.
+    {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if (state > StateActive)
+    {
+        cancelInactivityTimerTask();
+    }
+
+    try
+    {
+        switch (state)
+        {
+            case StateNotInitialized:
+            {
+                assert(false);
+                break;
+            }
+
+            case StateNotValidated:
+            {
+                if (_state != StateNotInitialized)
+                {
+                    assert(_state == StateClosed);
+                    return;
+                }
+                break;
+            }
+
+            case StateActive:
+            {
+                // Can only switch from holding or not validated to active.
+                if (_state != StateHolding && _state != StateNotValidated)
+                {
+                    return;
+                }
+
+                if (_maxDispatches <= 0 || _dispatchCount < _maxDispatches)
+                {
+                    _threadPool->_register(shared_from_this(), SocketOperationRead);
+                    if (_idleTimeoutTransceiver)
+                    {
+                        _idleTimeoutTransceiver->enableIdleCheck();
+                    }
+                }
+                // else don't resume reading since we're at or over the _maxDispatches limit.
+
+                break;
+            }
+
+            case StateHolding:
+            {
+                // Can only switch from active or not validated to holding.
+                if (_state != StateActive && _state != StateNotValidated)
+                {
+                    return;
+                }
+
+                if (_state == StateActive && (_maxDispatches <= 0 || _dispatchCount < _maxDispatches))
+                {
+                    _threadPool->unregister(shared_from_this(), SocketOperationRead);
+                    if (_idleTimeoutTransceiver)
+                    {
+                        _idleTimeoutTransceiver->disableIdleCheck();
+                    }
+                }
+                // else reads are already disabled because the _maxDispatches limit is reached or exceeded.
+                break;
+            }
+
+            case StateClosing:
+            case StateClosingPending:
+            {
+                //
+                // Can't change back from closing pending.
+                //
+                if (_state >= StateClosingPending)
+                {
+                    return;
+                }
+                break;
+            }
+
+            case StateClosed:
+            {
+                if (_state == StateFinished)
+                {
+                    return;
+                }
+
+                _batchRequestQueue->destroy(_exception);
+
+                //
+                // Don't need to close now for connections so only close the transceiver
+                // if the selector request it.
+                //
+                if (_threadPool->finish(shared_from_this(), false))
+                {
+                    _transceiver->close();
+                }
+                break;
+            }
+
+            case StateFinished:
+            {
+                assert(_state == StateClosed);
+                _communicator = nullptr;
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    catch (const Ice::LocalException& ex)
+    {
+        Error out(_logger);
+        out << "unexpected connection exception:\n" << ex << '\n' << _desc;
+    }
+
+    if (_instance->initializationData().observer)
+    {
+        ConnectionState oldState = toConnectionState(_state);
+        ConnectionState newState = toConnectionState(state);
+        if (oldState != newState)
+        {
+            _observer.attach(
+                _instance->initializationData()
+                    .observer->getConnectionObserver(initConnectionInfo(), _endpoint, newState, _observer.get()));
+        }
+        if (_observer && state == StateClosed && _exception)
+        {
+            try
+            {
+                rethrow_exception(_exception);
+            }
+            catch (const CloseConnectionException&)
+            {
+            }
+            catch (const ConnectionClosedException&)
+            {
+            }
+            catch (const CommunicatorDestroyedException&)
+            {
+            }
+            catch (const ObjectAdapterDeactivatedException&)
+            {
+            }
+            catch (const ObjectAdapterDestroyedException&)
+            {
+            }
+            catch (const ConnectionLostException& ex)
+            {
+                if (_state < StateClosing)
+                {
+                    _observer->failed(ex.ice_id());
+                }
+            }
+            catch (const Ice::Exception& ex)
+            {
+                _observer->failed(ex.ice_id());
+            }
+            catch (const std::exception& ex)
+            {
+                _observer->failed(ex.what());
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    _state = state;
+    _conditionVariable.notify_all();
+
+    if (_state == StateClosing && _upcallCount == 0)
+    {
+        try
+        {
+            initiateShutdown();
+        }
+        catch (const LocalException&)
+        {
+            setState(StateClosed, current_exception());
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+void
+Ice::ConnectionI::initiateShutdown()
+{
+    assert(_state == StateClosing && _upcallCount == 0);
+
+    if (_shutdownInitiated)
+    {
+        return;
+    }
+    _shutdownInitiated = true;
+
+    if (!_endpoint->datagram())
+    {
+        //
+        // Before we shut down, we send a close connection message.
+        //
+        OutputStream os{currentProtocolEncoding};
+        os.writeBlob(magic, sizeof(magic));
+        os.write(currentProtocol);
+        os.write(currentProtocolEncoding);
+        os.write(closeConnectionMsg);
+        os.write(static_cast<uint8_t>(0)); // compression status: always zero for close connection.
+        os.write(headerSize);              // Message size.
+
+        scheduleCloseTimerTask();
+
+        OutgoingMessage message(&os, false);
+        if (sendMessage(message) & AsyncStatusSent)
+        {
+            setState(StateClosingPending);
+
+            //
+            // Notify the transceiver of the graceful connection closure.
+            //
+            SocketOperation op = _transceiver->closing(true, _exception);
+            if (op)
+            {
+                _threadPool->_register(shared_from_this(), op);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+void
+Ice::ConnectionI::idleCheck(const chrono::seconds& idleTimeout) noexcept
+{
+    std::lock_guard lock(_mutex);
+    if (_state == StateActive && _idleTimeoutTransceiver->idleCheckEnabled())
+    {
+        setState(
+            StateClosed,
+            make_exception_ptr(ConnectionAbortedException{
+                __FILE__,
+                __LINE__,
+                "connection aborted by the idle check because it did not receive any bytes for " +
+                    to_string(idleTimeout.count()) + "s",
+                false})); // closedByApplication: false
+    }
+    // else, nothing to do
+}
+
+void
+Ice::ConnectionI::inactivityCheck() noexcept
+{
+    // Called by the InactivityTimerTask.
+    std::lock_guard lock(_mutex);
+
+    // Make sure this timer task was not rescheduled for later while we were waiting for _mutex.
+    if (_inactivityTimerTaskScheduled && !_timer->isScheduled(_inactivityTimerTask))
+    {
+        // Clear flag - the task is no longer scheduled.
+        _inactivityTimerTaskScheduled = false;
+
+        if (_state == StateActive)
+        {
+            setState(
+                StateClosing,
+                make_exception_ptr(ConnectionClosedException{
+                    __FILE__,
+                    __LINE__,
+                    "connection closed because it remained inactive for longer than the inactivity timeout",
+                    false}));
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+void
+Ice::ConnectionI::connectTimedOut() noexcept
+{
+    std::lock_guard lock(_mutex);
+    if (_state < StateActive)
+    {
+        setState(StateClosed, make_exception_ptr(ConnectTimeoutException(__FILE__, __LINE__)));
+    }
+    // else ignore since we're already connected.
+}
+
+void
+Ice::ConnectionI::closeTimedOut() noexcept
+{
+    std::lock_guard lock(_mutex);
+    if (_state < StateClosed)
+    {
+        // We don't use setState(state, exception) because we want to overwrite the exception set by a
+        // graceful closure.
+        _exception = make_exception_ptr(CloseTimeoutException{__FILE__, __LINE__});
+        setState(StateClosed);
+    }
+    // else ignore since we're already closed.
+}
+
+void
+Ice::ConnectionI::sendHeartbeat() noexcept
+{
+    assert(!_endpoint->datagram());
+
+    lock_guard lock(_mutex);
+    if (_state == StateActive || _state == StateHolding || _state == StateClosing)
+    {
+        // We check if the connection has become inactive.
+        if (_inactivityTimerTask &&           // null when the inactivity timeout is infinite
+            !_inactivityTimerTaskScheduled && // we never reschedule this task
+            _state == StateActive &&          // only schedule the task if the connection is active
+            _dispatchCount == 0 &&            // no pending dispatch
+            _asyncRequests.empty() &&         // no pending invocation
+            _readHeader &&                    // we're not waiting for the remainder of an incoming message
+            _sendStreams.size() <= 1)         // there is at most one pending outgoing message
+        {
+            // We may become inactive while the peer is back-pressuring us. In this case, we only schedule the
+            // inactivity timer if there is no pending outgoing message or the pending outgoing message is a
+            // heartbeat.
+
+            // The stream of the first _sendStreams message is in _writeStream.
+            if (_sendStreams.empty() || static_cast<uint8_t>(_writeStream.b[8]) == validateConnectionMsg)
+            {
+                scheduleInactivityTimerTask();
+            }
+        }
+
+        // We send a heartbeat to the peer to generate a "write" on the connection. This write in turns creates
+        // a read on the peer, and resets the peer's idle check timer. When _sendStream is not empty, there is
+        // already an outstanding write, so we don't need to send a heartbeat. It's possible the first message
+        // of _sendStreams was already sent but not yet removed from _sendStreams: it means the last write
+        // occurred very recently, which is good enough with respect to the idle check.
+        // As a result of this optimization, the only possible heartbeat in _sendStreams is the first
+        // _sendStreams message.
+        if (_sendStreams.empty())
+        {
+            OutputStream os{currentProtocolEncoding};
+            os.writeBlob(magic, sizeof(magic));
+            os.write(currentProtocol);
+            os.write(currentProtocolEncoding);
+            os.write(validateConnectionMsg);
+            os.write(static_cast<uint8_t>(0)); // Compression status (always zero for validate connection).
+            os.write(headerSize);              // Message size.
+            os.i = os.b.begin();
+            try
+            {
+                OutgoingMessage message(&os, false);
+                sendMessage(message);
+            }
+            catch (...)
+            {
+                setState(StateClosed, current_exception());
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    // else nothing to do
+}
+
+void
+Ice::ConnectionI::sendResponse(OutgoingResponse response, uint8_t compress)
+{
+    bool isTwoWay = !_endpoint->datagram() && response.current().requestId != 0;
+
+    bool finished = false;
+    try
+    {
+        std::unique_lock lock(_mutex);
+        assert(_state > StateNotValidated);
+
+        try
+        {
+            if (--_upcallCount == 0)
+            {
+                if (_state == StateFinished)
+                {
+                    finished = true;
+                    if (_observer)
+                    {
+                        _observer.detach();
+                    }
+                }
+                _conditionVariable.notify_all();
+            }
+
+            if (_state >= StateClosed)
+            {
+                exception_ptr exception = _exception;
+                assert(exception);
+
+                if (finished && _removeFromFactory)
+                {
+                    lock.unlock();
+                    _removeFromFactory(shared_from_this());
+                }
+
+                rethrow_exception(exception);
+            }
+            assert(!finished);
+
+            if (isTwoWay)
+            {
+                OutgoingMessage message(&response.outputStream(), compress > 0);
+                sendMessage(message);
+            }
+
+            if (_state == StateActive && _maxDispatches > 0 && _dispatchCount == _maxDispatches)
+            {
+                // Resume reading if the connection is active and the dispatch count is about to be less than
+                // _maxDispatches.
+                _threadPool->update(shared_from_this(), SocketOperationNone, SocketOperationRead);
+                if (_idleTimeoutTransceiver)
+                {
+                    _idleTimeoutTransceiver->enableIdleCheck();
+                }
+            }
+
+            --_dispatchCount;
+
+            if (_state == StateClosing && _upcallCount == 0)
+            {
+                initiateShutdown();
+            }
+        }
+        catch (const LocalException&)
+        {
+            setState(StateClosed, current_exception());
+        }
+    }
+    catch (...)
+    {
+        dispatchException(current_exception(), 1);
+    }
+}
+
+bool
+Ice::ConnectionI::initialize(SocketOperation operation)
+{
+    SocketOperation s = _transceiver->initialize(_readStream, _writeStream);
+    if (s != SocketOperationNone)
+    {
+        _threadPool->update(shared_from_this(), operation, s);
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    //
+    // Update the connection description once the transceiver is initialized.
+    //
+    const_cast<string&>(_desc) = _transceiver->toString();
+    _initialized = true;
+    setState(StateNotValidated);
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool
+Ice::ConnectionI::validate(SocketOperation operation)
+{
+    if (!_endpoint->datagram()) // Datagram connections are always implicitly validated.
+    {
+        if (!_connector) // The server side has the active role for connection validation.
+        {
+            if (_writeStream.b.empty())
+            {
+                _writeStream.writeBlob(magic, sizeof(magic));
+                _writeStream.write(currentProtocol);
+                _writeStream.write(currentProtocolEncoding);
+                _writeStream.write(validateConnectionMsg);
+                _writeStream.write(
+                    static_cast<uint8_t>(0));   // Compression status (always zero for validate connection).
+                _writeStream.write(headerSize); // Message size.
+                _writeStream.i = _writeStream.b.begin();
+                traceSend(_writeStream, _instance, this, _logger, _traceLevels);
+            }
+
+            if (_observer)
+            {
+                _observer.startWrite(_writeStream);
+            }
+
+            if (_writeStream.i != _writeStream.b.end())
+            {
+                SocketOperation op = write(_writeStream);
+                if (op)
+                {
+                    _threadPool->update(shared_from_this(), operation, op);
+                    return false;
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (_observer)
+            {
+                _observer.finishWrite(_writeStream);
+            }
+        }
+        else // The client side has the passive role for connection validation.
+        {
+            if (_readStream.b.empty())
+            {
+                _readStream.b.resize(headerSize);
+                _readStream.i = _readStream.b.begin();
+            }
+
+            if (_observer)
+            {
+                _observer.startRead(_readStream);
+            }
+
+            if (_readStream.i != _readStream.b.end())
+            {
+                SocketOperation op = read(_readStream);
+                if (op)
+                {
+                    _threadPool->update(shared_from_this(), operation, op);
+                    return false;
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (_observer)
+            {
+                _observer.finishRead(_readStream);
+            }
+
+            _validated = true;
+
+            assert(_readStream.i == _readStream.b.end());
+            _readStream.i = _readStream.b.begin();
+            const std::byte* m;
+            _readStream.readBlob(m, sizeof(magic));
+            if (m[0] != magic[0] || m[1] != magic[1] || m[2] != magic[2] || m[3] != magic[3])
+            {
+                throw ProtocolException{__FILE__, __LINE__, createBadMagicMessage(m)};
+            }
+            ProtocolVersion pv;
+            _readStream.read(pv);
+            if (pv != currentProtocol)
+            {
+                throw ProtocolException{
+                    __FILE__,
+                    __LINE__,
+                    "invalid protocol version in message header: " + protocolVersionToString(pv)};
+            }
+            EncodingVersion ev;
+            _readStream.read(ev);
+            if (ev != currentProtocolEncoding)
+            {
+                throw ProtocolException{
+                    __FILE__,
+                    __LINE__,
+                    "invalid protocol encoding version in message header: " + encodingVersionToString(ev)};
+            }
+            uint8_t messageType;
+            _readStream.read(messageType);
+            if (messageType != validateConnectionMsg)
+            {
+                throw ProtocolException{
+                    __FILE__,
+                    __LINE__,
+                    "received message of type " + to_string(messageType) +
+                        " over a connection that is not yet validated"};
+            }
+            uint8_t compress;
+            _readStream.read(compress); // Ignore compression status for validate connection.
+            int32_t size;
+            _readStream.read(size);
+            if (size != headerSize)
+            {
+                throw MarshalException{
+                    __FILE__,
+                    __LINE__,
+                    "received ValidateConnection message with unexpected size " + to_string(size)};
+            }
+            traceRecv(_readStream, this, _logger, _traceLevels);
+
+            // Client connection starts sending heartbeats once it has received the ValidateConnection message.
+            if (_idleTimeoutTransceiver)
+            {
+                _idleTimeoutTransceiver->scheduleHeartbeat();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    _writeStream.resize(0);
+    _writeStream.i = _writeStream.b.begin();
+
+    _readStream.resize(headerSize);
+    _readStream.i = _readStream.b.begin();
+    _readHeader = true;
+
+    if (_instance->traceLevels()->network >= 1)
+    {
+        Trace out(_instance->initializationData().logger, _instance->traceLevels()->networkCat);
+        if (_endpoint->datagram())
+        {
+            out << "starting to " << (_connector ? "send" : "receive") << " " << _endpoint->protocol() << " messages\n";
+            out << _transceiver->toDetailedString();
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            out << (_connector ? "established" : "accepted") << " " << _endpoint->protocol() << " connection\n";
+            out << toString();
+        }
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+SocketOperation
+Ice::ConnectionI::sendNextMessages(vector<OutgoingMessage>& callbacks)
+{
+    if (_sendStreams.empty())
+    {
+        // This can occur if no message was being written and the socket write operation was registered with the
+        // thread pool (a transceiver read method can request writing data).
+        return SocketOperationNone;
+    }
+    else if (_state == StateClosingPending && _writeStream.i == _writeStream.b.begin())
+    {
+        // Message wasn't sent, empty the _writeStream, we're not going to send more data.
+        OutgoingMessage* message = &_sendStreams.front();
+        _writeStream.swap(*message->stream);
+        return SocketOperationNone;
+    }
+
+    // Assert that the message was fully written.
+    assert(!_writeStream.b.empty() && _writeStream.i == _writeStream.b.end());
+
+    try
+    {
+        while (true)
+        {
+            //
+            // The message that was being sent is sent. We can swap back the write stream buffer to the outgoing message
+            // (required for retry) and queue its sent callback (if any).
+            //
+            OutgoingMessage* message = &_sendStreams.front();
+            if (message->stream)
+            {
+                _writeStream.swap(*message->stream);
+                if (message->sent())
+                {
+                    callbacks.push_back(*message);
+                }
+            }
+            _sendStreams.pop_front();
+
+            //
+            // If there's nothing left to send, we're done.
+            //
+            if (_sendStreams.empty())
+            {
+                break;
+            }
+
+            //
+            // If we are in the closed state or if the close is pending, don't continue sending.
+            //
+            // This can occur if parseMessage (called before sendNextMessages by message()) closes the connection.
+            //
+            if (_state >= StateClosingPending)
+            {
+                return SocketOperationNone;
+            }
+
+            //
+            // Otherwise, prepare the next message.
+            //
+            message = &_sendStreams.front();
+            assert(!message->stream->i);
+#ifdef ICE_HAS_BZIP2
+            if (message->compress && message->stream->b.size() >= 100) // Only compress messages > 100 bytes.
+            {
+                //
+                // Message compressed. Request compressed response, if any.
+                //
+                message->stream->b[9] = byte{2};
+
+                //
+                // Do compression.
+                //
+                OutputStream stream{currentProtocolEncoding};
+                doCompress(*message->stream, stream);
+
+                traceSend(*message->stream, _instance, this, _logger, _traceLevels);
+
+                message->adopt(&stream); // Adopt the compressed stream.
+                message->stream->i = message->stream->b.begin();
+            }
+            else
+            {
+#endif
+                if (message->compress)
+                {
+                    //
+                    // Message not compressed. Request compressed response, if any.
+                    //
+                    message->stream->b[9] = byte{1};
+                }
+
+                //
+                // No compression, just fill in the message size.
+                //
+                auto sz = static_cast<int32_t>(message->stream->b.size());
+                const byte* p = reinterpret_cast<const byte*>(&sz);
+                if constexpr (endian::native == endian::big)
+                {
+                    reverse_copy(p, p + sizeof(int32_t), message->stream->b.begin() + 10);
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    copy(p, p + sizeof(int32_t), message->stream->b.begin() + 10);
+                }
+                message->stream->i = message->stream->b.begin();
+                traceSend(*message->stream, _instance, this, _logger, _traceLevels);
+
+#ifdef ICE_HAS_BZIP2
+            }
+#endif
+
+            //
+            // Send the message.
+            //
+            _writeStream.swap(*message->stream);
+            if (_observer)
+            {
+                _observer.startWrite(_writeStream);
+            }
+            assert(_writeStream.i);
+            if (_writeStream.i != _writeStream.b.end())
+            {
+                SocketOperation op = write(_writeStream);
+                if (op)
+                {
+                    return op;
+                }
+            }
+            if (_observer)
+            {
+                _observer.finishWrite(_writeStream);
+            }
+
+            // If the message was sent right away, loop to send the next queued message.
+        }
+
+        // Once the CloseConnection message is sent, we transition to the StateClosingPending state.
+        if (_state == StateClosing && _shutdownInitiated)
+        {
+            setState(StateClosingPending);
+            SocketOperation op = _transceiver->closing(true, _exception);
+            if (op)
+            {
+                return op;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    catch (const Ice::LocalException&)
+    {
+        setState(StateClosed, current_exception());
+    }
+    return SocketOperationNone;
+}
+
+AsyncStatus
+Ice::ConnectionI::sendMessage(OutgoingMessage& message)
+{
+    assert(_state >= StateActive);
+    assert(_state < StateClosed);
+
+    message.stream->i = nullptr; // Reset the message stream iterator before starting sending the message.
+
+    // Some messages are queued for sending. Just adds the message to the send queue and tell the caller that the
+    // message was queued.
+    if (!_sendStreams.empty())
+    {
+        _sendStreams.push_back(message);
+        _sendStreams.back().adopt(nullptr);
+        return AsyncStatusQueued;
+    }
+
+    // Prepare and send the message.
+    message.stream->i = message.stream->b.begin();
+    SocketOperation op;
+#ifdef ICE_HAS_BZIP2
+    if (message.compress && message.stream->b.size() >= 100) // Only compress messages larger than 100 bytes.
+    {
+        //
+        // Message compressed. Request compressed response, if any.
+        //
+        message.stream->b[9] = byte{2};
+
+        //
+        // Do compression.
+        //
+        OutputStream stream{currentProtocolEncoding};
+        doCompress(*message.stream, stream);
+        stream.i = stream.b.begin();
+
+        traceSend(*message.stream, _instance, this, _logger, _traceLevels);
+
+        if (_observer)
+        {
+            _observer.startWrite(stream);
+        }
+        op = write(stream);
+        if (!op)
+        {
+            if (_observer)
+            {
+                _observer.finishWrite(stream);
+            }
+
+            AsyncStatus status = AsyncStatusSent;
+            if (message.sent())
+            {
+                status = static_cast<AsyncStatus>(status | AsyncStatusInvokeSentCallback);
+            }
+            return status;
+        }
+
+        _sendStreams.push_back(message);
+        _sendStreams.back().adopt(&stream);
+    }
+    else
+    {
+#endif
+        if (message.compress)
+        {
+            //
+            // Message not compressed. Request compressed response, if any.
+            //
+            message.stream->b[9] = byte{1};
+        }
+
+        //
+        // No compression, just fill in the message size.
+        //
+        auto sz = static_cast<int32_t>(message.stream->b.size());
+        const byte* p = reinterpret_cast<const byte*>(&sz);
+        if constexpr (endian::native == endian::big)
+        {
+            reverse_copy(p, p + sizeof(int32_t), message.stream->b.begin() + 10);
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            copy(p, p + sizeof(int32_t), message.stream->b.begin() + 10);
+        }
+        message.stream->i = message.stream->b.begin();
+
+        traceSend(*message.stream, _instance, this, _logger, _traceLevels);
+
+        if (_observer)
+        {
+            _observer.startWrite(*message.stream);
+        }
+        op = write(*message.stream);
+        if (!op)
+        {
+            if (_observer)
+            {
+                _observer.finishWrite(*message.stream);
+            }
+            AsyncStatus status = AsyncStatusSent;
+            if (message.sent())
+            {
+                status = static_cast<AsyncStatus>(status | AsyncStatusInvokeSentCallback);
+            }
+            return status;
+        }
+
+        _sendStreams.push_back(message);
+        _sendStreams.back().adopt(nullptr); // Adopt the stream.
+#ifdef ICE_HAS_BZIP2
+    }
+#endif
+
+    // The message couldn't be sent right away so we add it to the send stream queue (which is empty) and swap its
+    // stream with `_writeStream`. The socket operation returned by the transceiver write is registered with the thread
+    // pool. At this point the message() method will take care of sending the whole message (held by _writeStream) when
+    // the transceiver is ready to write more of the message buffer.
+
+    _writeStream.swap(*_sendStreams.back().stream);
+    _threadPool->_register(shared_from_this(), op);
+    return AsyncStatusQueued;
+}
+
+#ifdef ICE_HAS_BZIP2
+static string
+getBZ2Error(int bzError)
+{
+    if (bzError == BZ_RUN_OK)
+    {
+        return ": BZ_RUN_OK";
+    }
+    else if (bzError == BZ_FLUSH_OK)
+    {
+        return ": BZ_FLUSH_OK";
+    }
+    else if (bzError == BZ_FINISH_OK)
+    {
+        return ": BZ_FINISH_OK";
+    }
+    else if (bzError == BZ_STREAM_END)
+    {
+        return ": BZ_STREAM_END";
+    }
+    else if (bzError == BZ_CONFIG_ERROR)
+    {
+        return ": BZ_CONFIG_ERROR";
+    }
+    else if (bzError == BZ_SEQUENCE_ERROR)
+    {
+        return ": BZ_SEQUENCE_ERROR";
+    }
+    else if (bzError == BZ_PARAM_ERROR)
+    {
+        return ": BZ_PARAM_ERROR";
+    }
+    else if (bzError == BZ_MEM_ERROR)
+    {
+        return ": BZ_MEM_ERROR";
+    }
+    else if (bzError == BZ_DATA_ERROR)
+    {
+        return ": BZ_DATA_ERROR";
+    }
+    else if (bzError == BZ_DATA_ERROR_MAGIC)
+    {
+        return ": BZ_DATA_ERROR_MAGIC";
+    }
+    else if (bzError == BZ_IO_ERROR)
+    {
+        return ": BZ_IO_ERROR";
+    }
+    else if (bzError == BZ_UNEXPECTED_EOF)
+    {
+        return ": BZ_UNEXPECTED_EOF";
+    }
+    else if (bzError == BZ_OUTBUFF_FULL)
+    {
+        return ": BZ_OUTBUFF_FULL";
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        return "";
+    }
+}
+
+void
+Ice::ConnectionI::doCompress(OutputStream& uncompressed, OutputStream& compressed)
+{
+    const byte* p;
+
+    //
+    // Compress the message body, but not the header.
+    //
+    auto uncompressedLen = static_cast<unsigned int>(uncompressed.b.size() - headerSize);
+    auto compressedLen = static_cast<unsigned int>(uncompressedLen * 1.01 + 600);
+    compressed.b.resize(headerSize + sizeof(int32_t) + compressedLen);
+    int bzError = BZ2_bzBuffToBuffCompress(
+        reinterpret_cast<char*>(&compressed.b[0]) + headerSize + sizeof(int32_t),
+        &compressedLen,
+        reinterpret_cast<char*>(&uncompressed.b[0]) + headerSize,
+        uncompressedLen,
+        _compressionLevel,
+        0,
+        0);
+    if (bzError != BZ_OK)
+    {
+        throw ProtocolException{
+            __FILE__,
+            __LINE__,
+            "cannot compress message - BZ2_bzBuffToBuffCompress failed" + getBZ2Error(bzError)};
+    }
+    compressed.b.resize(headerSize + sizeof(int32_t) + compressedLen);
+
+    //
+    // Write the size of the compressed stream into the header of the
+    // uncompressed stream. Since the header will be copied, this size
+    // will also be in the header of the compressed stream.
+    //
+    auto compressedSize = static_cast<int32_t>(compressed.b.size());
+    p = reinterpret_cast<const byte*>(&compressedSize);
+    if constexpr (endian::native == endian::big)
+    {
+        reverse_copy(p, p + sizeof(int32_t), uncompressed.b.begin() + 10);
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        copy(p, p + sizeof(int32_t), uncompressed.b.begin() + 10);
+    }
+
+    //
+    // Add the size of the uncompressed stream before the message body
+    // of the compressed stream.
+    //
+    auto uncompressedSize = static_cast<int32_t>(uncompressed.b.size());
+    p = reinterpret_cast<const byte*>(&uncompressedSize);
+    if constexpr (endian::native == endian::big)
+    {
+        reverse_copy(p, p + sizeof(int32_t), compressed.b.begin() + headerSize);
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        copy(p, p + sizeof(int32_t), compressed.b.begin() + headerSize);
+    }
+
+    //
+    // Copy the header from the uncompressed stream to the compressed one.
+    //
+    copy(uncompressed.b.begin(), uncompressed.b.begin() + headerSize, compressed.b.begin());
+}
+
+void
+Ice::ConnectionI::doUncompress(InputStream& compressed, InputStream& uncompressed)
+{
+    int32_t uncompressedSize;
+    compressed.i = compressed.b.begin() + headerSize;
+    compressed.read(uncompressedSize);
+    if (uncompressedSize <= headerSize)
+    {
+        throw MarshalException{
+            __FILE__,
+            __LINE__,
+            "unexpected message size after uncompress: " + to_string(uncompressedSize)};
+    }
+
+    if (uncompressedSize > _messageSizeMax)
+    {
+        Ex::throwMemoryLimitException(__FILE__, __LINE__, static_cast<size_t>(uncompressedSize), _messageSizeMax);
+    }
+    uncompressed.resize(static_cast<size_t>(uncompressedSize));
+
+    auto uncompressedLen = static_cast<unsigned int>(uncompressedSize - headerSize);
+    auto compressedLen = static_cast<unsigned int>(compressed.b.size() - headerSize - sizeof(int32_t));
+    int bzError = BZ2_bzBuffToBuffDecompress(
+        reinterpret_cast<char*>(&uncompressed.b[0]) + headerSize,
+        &uncompressedLen,
+        reinterpret_cast<char*>(&compressed.b[0]) + headerSize + sizeof(int32_t),
+        compressedLen,
+        0,
+        0);
+    if (bzError != BZ_OK)
+    {
+        throw ProtocolException{
+            __FILE__,
+            __LINE__,
+            "cannot decompress message - BZ2_bzBuffToBuffDecompress failed" + getBZ2Error(bzError)};
+    }
+
+    copy(compressed.b.begin(), compressed.b.begin() + headerSize, uncompressed.b.begin());
+}
+#endif
+
+SocketOperation
+Ice::ConnectionI::parseMessage(int32_t& upcallCount, function<bool(InputStream&)>& upcall, InputStream& stream)
+{
+    assert(_state > StateNotValidated && _state < StateClosed);
+
+    _readStream.swap(stream);
+    _readStream.resize(headerSize);
+    _readStream.i = _readStream.b.begin();
+    _readHeader = true;
+
+    assert(stream.i == stream.b.end());
+
+    try
+    {
+        //
+        // We don't need to check magic and version here. This has
+        // already been done by the ThreadPool, which provides us
+        // with the stream.
+        //
+        assert(stream.i == stream.b.end());
+        stream.i = stream.b.begin() + 8;
+        uint8_t messageType;
+        stream.read(messageType);
+        uint8_t compress;
+        stream.read(compress);
+
+        if (compress == 2)
+        {
+#ifdef ICE_HAS_BZIP2
+            InputStream ustream{_instance.get(), currentProtocolEncoding};
+            doUncompress(stream, ustream);
+            stream.b.swap(ustream.b);
+#else
+            throw FeatureNotSupportedException(__FILE__, __LINE__, "Cannot uncompress compressed message");
+#endif
+        }
+        stream.i = stream.b.begin() + headerSize;
+
+        switch (messageType)
+        {
+            case closeConnectionMsg:
+            {
+                traceRecv(stream, this, _logger, _traceLevels);
+                if (_endpoint->datagram())
+                {
+                    if (_warn)
+                    {
+                        Warning out(_logger);
+                        out << "ignoring close connection message for datagram connection:\n" << _desc;
+                    }
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    setState(StateClosingPending, make_exception_ptr(CloseConnectionException(__FILE__, __LINE__)));
+
+                    //
+                    // Notify the transceiver of the graceful connection closure.
+                    //
+                    SocketOperation op = _transceiver->closing(false, _exception);
+                    if (op)
+                    {
+                        scheduleCloseTimerTask();
+                        return op;
+                    }
+                    setState(StateClosed);
+                }
+                break;
+            }
+
+            case requestMsg:
+            {
+                if (_state >= StateClosing)
+                {
+                    trace(
+                        "received request during closing\n(ignored by server, client will retry)",
+                        stream,
+                        this,
+                        _logger,
+                        _traceLevels);
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    traceRecv(stream, this, _logger, _traceLevels);
+
+                    auto adapter = _adapter;
+                    const int32_t requestCount = 1;
+                    int32_t requestId;
+
+                    stream.read(requestId);
+
+                    upcall = [self = shared_from_this(), requestId, adapter, compress](InputStream& messageStream)
+                    {
+                        self->dispatchAll(messageStream, requestCount, requestId, compress, adapter);
+                        return false; // the upcall will be completed once the dispatch is done.
+                    };
+                    ++upcallCount;
+
+                    cancelInactivityTimerTask();
+                    ++_dispatchCount;
+                }
+                break;
+            }
+
+            case requestBatchMsg:
+            {
+                if (_state >= StateClosing)
+                {
+                    trace(
+                        "received batch request during closing\n(ignored by server, client will retry)",
+                        stream,
+                        this,
+                        _logger,
+                        _traceLevels);
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    traceRecv(stream, this, _logger, _traceLevels);
+
+                    auto adapter = _adapter;
+                    const int32_t requestId = 0;
+                    int32_t requestCount;
+
+                    stream.read(requestCount);
+                    if (requestCount < 0)
+                    {
+                        requestCount = 0;
+                        throw MarshalException{
+                            __FILE__,
+                            __LINE__,
+                            "received batch request with " + to_string(requestCount) + " batches"};
+                    }
+
+                    upcall = [self = shared_from_this(), requestCount, adapter, compress](InputStream& messageStream)
+                    {
+                        self->dispatchAll(messageStream, requestCount, requestId, compress, adapter);
+                        return false; // the upcall will be completed once the servant dispatch is done.
+                    };
+                    upcallCount += requestCount;
+
+                    cancelInactivityTimerTask();
+                    _dispatchCount += requestCount;
+                }
+                break;
+            }
+
+            case replyMsg:
+            {
+                traceRecv(stream, this, _logger, _traceLevels);
+
+                int32_t requestId;
+                stream.read(requestId);
+
+                auto q = _asyncRequests.end();
+
+                if (_asyncRequestsHint != _asyncRequests.end())
+                {
+                    if (_asyncRequestsHint->first == requestId)
+                    {
+                        q = _asyncRequestsHint;
+                    }
+                }
+
+                if (q == _asyncRequests.end())
+                {
+                    q = _asyncRequests.find(requestId);
+                }
+
+                if (q != _asyncRequests.end())
+                {
+                    auto outAsync = q->second;
+
+                    if (q == _asyncRequestsHint)
+                    {
+                        _asyncRequests.erase(q++);
+                        _asyncRequestsHint = q;
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        _asyncRequests.erase(q);
+                    }
+
+                    // The message stream is adopted by the outgoing.
+                    *outAsync->getIs() = std::move(stream);
+
+#if defined(ICE_USE_IOCP)
+                    //
+                    // If we just received the reply of a request which isn't acknowledge as
+                    // sent yet, we queue the reply instead of processing it right away. It
+                    // will be processed once the write callback is invoked for the message.
+                    //
+                    OutgoingMessage* message = _sendStreams.empty() ? 0 : &_sendStreams.front();
+                    if (message && message->outAsync.get() == outAsync.get())
+                    {
+                        message->receivedReply = true;
+                        outAsync = 0;
+                    }
+#endif
+                    if (outAsync && outAsync->response())
+                    {
+                        // The message stream is not used here because it has been adopted above.
+                        upcall = [outAsync](InputStream&)
+                        {
+                            outAsync->invokeResponse();
+                            return true; // upcall is done
+                        };
+                        ++upcallCount;
+                    }
+                    if (_closeRequested && _state < StateClosing && _asyncRequests.empty())
+                    {
+                        doApplicationClose();
+                    }
+                }
+
+                break;
+            }
+
+            case validateConnectionMsg:
+            {
+                traceRecv(stream, this, _logger, _traceLevels);
+                // a heartbeat has no effect on the dispatch count or the inactivity timer task.
+                break;
+            }
+
+            default:
+            {
+                trace("received unknown message\n(invalid, closing connection)", stream, this, _logger, _traceLevels);
+                throw ProtocolException{
+                    __FILE__,
+                    __LINE__,
+                    "received Ice protocol message with unknown type: " + to_string(messageType)};
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    catch (const LocalException& ex)
+    {
+        if (_endpoint->datagram())
+        {
+            if (_warn)
+            {
+                Warning out(_logger);
+                out << "datagram connection exception:\n" << ex << '\n' << _desc;
+            }
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            setState(StateClosed, current_exception());
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (_state == StateHolding)
+    {
+        // Don't continue reading if the connection is in the holding state.
+        return SocketOperationNone;
+    }
+    else if (_maxDispatches > 0 && _dispatchCount >= _maxDispatches)
+    {
+        // Don't continue reading if the _maxDispatches limit is reached or exceeded.
+        if (_idleTimeoutTransceiver)
+        {
+            _idleTimeoutTransceiver->disableIdleCheck();
+        }
+        return SocketOperationNone;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        // Continue reading.
+        return SocketOperationRead;
+    }
+}
+
+void
+Ice::ConnectionI::dispatchAll(
+    InputStream& stream,
+    int32_t requestCount,
+    int32_t requestId,
+    uint8_t compress,
+    const ObjectAdapterIPtr& adapter)
+{
+    // Note: In contrast to other private or protected methods, this operation must be called *without* the mutex
+    // locked.
+
+    try
+    {
+        while (requestCount > 0)
+        {
+            //
+            // Start of the dispatch pipeline.
+            //
+
+            IncomingRequest request{requestId, shared_from_this(), adapter, stream, requestCount};
+
+            if (adapter)
+            {
+                try
+                {
+                    adapter->dispatchPipeline()->dispatch(
+                        request,
+                        [self = shared_from_this(), compress](OutgoingResponse response)
+                        { self->sendResponse(std::move(response), compress); });
+                }
+                catch (...)
+                {
+                    sendResponse(makeOutgoingResponse(current_exception(), request.current()), 0);
+                }
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                // Received request on a connection without an object adapter.
+                sendResponse(
+                    makeOutgoingResponse(
+                        make_exception_ptr(ObjectNotExistException{__FILE__, __LINE__}),
+                        request.current()),
+                    0);
+            }
+
+            --requestCount;
+        }
+
+        stream.clear();
+    }
+    catch (...)
+    {
+        dispatchException(current_exception(), requestCount); // Fatal invocation exception
+    }
+}
+
+Ice::ConnectionInfoPtr
+Ice::ConnectionI::initConnectionInfo() const
+{
+    // Called with _mutex locked.
+
+    if (_state > StateNotInitialized && _info) // Update the connection information until it's initialized
+    {
+        return _info;
+    }
+
+    bool incoming = !_connector;
+    _info = _transceiver->getInfo(incoming, _adapter ? _adapter->getName() : string{}, _endpoint->connectionId());
+    return _info;
+}
+
+ConnectionState
+ConnectionI::toConnectionState(State state) const
+{
+    return connectionStateMap[static_cast<int>(state)];
+}
+
+SocketOperation
+ConnectionI::read(Buffer& buf)
+{
+    Buffer::Container::iterator start = buf.i;
+    SocketOperation op = _transceiver->read(buf);
+    if (_instance->traceLevels()->network >= 3 && buf.i != start)
+    {
+        Trace out(_instance->initializationData().logger, _instance->traceLevels()->networkCat);
+        out << "received ";
+        if (_endpoint->datagram())
+        {
+            out << buf.b.size();
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            out << (buf.i - start) << " of " << (buf.b.end() - start);
+        }
+        out << " bytes via " << _endpoint->protocol() << "\n" << toString();
+    }
+    return op;
+}
+
+SocketOperation
+ConnectionI::write(Buffer& buf)
+{
+    Buffer::Container::iterator start = buf.i;
+    SocketOperation op = _transceiver->write(buf);
+    if (_instance->traceLevels()->network >= 3 && buf.i != start)
+    {
+        Trace out(_instance->initializationData().logger, _instance->traceLevels()->networkCat);
+        out << "sent " << (buf.i - start);
+        if (!_endpoint->datagram())
+        {
+            out << " of " << (buf.b.end() - start);
+        }
+        out << " bytes via " << _endpoint->protocol() << "\n" << toString();
+    }
+    return op;
+}
+
+void
+ConnectionI::scheduleInactivityTimerTask()
+{
+    // Called with the ConnectionI mutex locked.
+    assert(!_inactivityTimerTaskScheduled);
+    assert(_inactivityTimerTask);
+
+    _inactivityTimerTaskScheduled = true;
+    _timer->schedule(_inactivityTimerTask, _inactivityTimeout);
+}
+
+void
+ConnectionI::cancelInactivityTimerTask() noexcept
+{
+    // Called with the ConnectionI mutex locked.
+    if (_inactivityTimerTaskScheduled && _inactivityTimerTask)
+    {
+        _inactivityTimerTaskScheduled = false;
+        _timer->cancel(_inactivityTimerTask);
+    }
+}
+
+void
+ConnectionI::scheduleCloseTimerTask()
+{
+    // Called with the ConnectionI mutex locked.
+
+    if (_closeTimeout > chrono::seconds::zero())
+    {
+        // We schedule a new task every time this function is called.
+        _timer->schedule(make_shared<CloseTimerTask>(shared_from_this()), _closeTimeout);
+    }
+}
+
+void
+ConnectionI::doApplicationClose() noexcept
+{
+    // Called with the ConnectionI mutex locked.
+    assert(_state < StateClosing);
+
+    setState(
+        StateClosing,
+        make_exception_ptr(
+            ConnectionClosedException{__FILE__, __LINE__, "connection closed gracefully by the application", true}));
+}