zeroc-ice 3.7.10 → 3.8.0

data/dist/ice/cpp/src/Ice/SSL/SchannelEngine.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,1437 @@
+// Copyright (c) ZeroC, Inc.
+
+#include "SchannelEngine.h"
+#include "../FileUtil.h"
+#include "DistinguishedName.h"
+#include "Ice/Communicator.h"
+#include "Ice/LocalExceptions.h"
+#include "Ice/Logger.h"
+#include "Ice/StringConverter.h"
+#include "Ice/StringUtil.h"
+#include "Ice/UUID.h"
+#include "SSLUtil.h"
+#include "SchannelTransceiverI.h"
+
+#include <wincrypt.h>
+
+#include <iostream>
+#include <mutex>
+
+#ifndef SECURITY_FLAG_IGNORE_CERT_CN_INVALID
+#    define SECURITY_FLAG_IGNORE_CERT_CN_INVALID 0x00001000
+#endif
+
+//
+// CALG_ECDH_EPHEM algorithm constant is not defined in older version of the SDK headers
+//
+// https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/aa375549(v=vs.85).aspx
+//
+
+const int ICESSL_CALG_ECDH_EPHEM = 0x0000AE06;
+
+using namespace std;
+using namespace Ice;
+using namespace IceInternal;
+using namespace Ice::SSL;
+
+namespace
+{
+    mutex globalMutex;
+
+    string errorStatusToString(DWORD errorStatus)
+    {
+        assert(errorStatus != CERT_TRUST_NO_ERROR);
+        ostringstream os;
+        os << "SSL transport: certificate verification failure:";
+
+        if (errorStatus & CERT_TRUST_IS_NOT_TIME_VALID)
+        {
+            os << "\n  - This certificate or one of the certificates in the certificate chain is not time valid.";
+        }
+
+        if (errorStatus & CERT_TRUST_IS_REVOKED)
+        {
+            os << "\n  - Trust for this certificate or one of the certificates in the certificate chain has been "
+                  "revoked.";
+        }
+
+        if (errorStatus & CERT_TRUST_IS_NOT_SIGNATURE_VALID)
+        {
+            os << "\n  - The certificate or one of the certificates in the certificate chain does not have a valid "
+                  "signature.";
+        }
+
+        if (errorStatus & CERT_TRUST_IS_NOT_VALID_FOR_USAGE)
+        {
+            os << "\n  - The certificate or certificate chain is not valid for its proposed usage.";
+        }
+
+        if (errorStatus & CERT_TRUST_IS_UNTRUSTED_ROOT)
+        {
+            os << "\n  - The certificate or certificate chain is based on an untrusted root.";
+        }
+
+        if (errorStatus & CERT_TRUST_REVOCATION_STATUS_UNKNOWN)
+        {
+            os << "\n  - The revocation status of the certificate or one of the certificates in the certificate "
+                  "chain is unknown.";
+        }
+
+        if (errorStatus & CERT_TRUST_IS_CYCLIC)
+        {
+            os << "\n  - One of the certificates in the chain was issued by a certificate in the chain.";
+        }
+
+        if (errorStatus & CERT_TRUST_INVALID_EXTENSION)
+        {
+            os << "\n  - One of the certificates has an extension that is not valid.";
+        }
+
+        if (errorStatus & CERT_TRUST_INVALID_POLICY_CONSTRAINTS)
+        {
+            os << "\n  - The certificate or one of the certificates in the certificate chain has a policy "
+                  "constraints extension, and one of the issued certificates has a disallowed policy mapping "
+                  "extension or does not have a required issuance policies extension.";
+        }
+
+        if (errorStatus & CERT_TRUST_INVALID_BASIC_CONSTRAINTS)
+        {
+            os << "\n  - The certificate or one of the certificates in the certificate chain has a basic "
+                  "constraints "
+                  "extension, and either the certificate cannot be used to issue other certificates, or the chain "
+                  "path length has been exceeded.";
+        }
+
+        if (errorStatus & CERT_TRUST_HAS_NOT_SUPPORTED_NAME_CONSTRAINT)
+        {
+            os << "\n  - The certificate or one of the certificates in the certificate chain has a name "
+                  "constraints extension that contains unsupported fields.";
+        }
+
+        if (errorStatus & CERT_TRUST_HAS_NOT_DEFINED_NAME_CONSTRAINT)
+        {
+            os << "\n  - The certificate or one of the certificates in the certificate chain has a name "
+                  "constraints extension and a name constraint is missing for one of the name choices in the end "
+                  "certificate.";
+        }
+
+        if (errorStatus & CERT_TRUST_HAS_NOT_PERMITTED_NAME_CONSTRAINT)
+        {
+            os << "\n  - The certificate or one of the certificates in the certificate chain has a name "
+                  "constraints extension, and there is not a permitted name constraint for one of the name choices "
+                  "in the end certificate.";
+        }
+
+        if (errorStatus & CERT_TRUST_HAS_EXCLUDED_NAME_CONSTRAINT)
+        {
+            os << "\n  - The certificate or one of the certificates in the certificate chain has a name "
+                  "constraints extension, and one of the name choices in the end certificate is explicitly "
+                  "excluded.";
+        }
+
+        if (errorStatus & CERT_TRUST_IS_OFFLINE_REVOCATION)
+        {
+            os << "\n  - The revocation status of the certificate or one of the certificates in the certificate "
+                  "chain is either offline or stale.";
+        }
+
+        if (errorStatus & CERT_TRUST_NO_ISSUANCE_CHAIN_POLICY)
+        {
+            os << "\n  - The end certificate does not have any resultant issuance policies, and one of the issuing "
+                  "certification authority certificates has a policy constraints extension requiring it.";
+        }
+
+        if (errorStatus & CERT_TRUST_IS_EXPLICIT_DISTRUST)
+        {
+            os << "\n  - The certificate is explicitly distrusted.";
+        }
+
+        if (errorStatus & CERT_TRUST_HAS_NOT_SUPPORTED_CRITICAL_EXT)
+        {
+            os << "\n  - The certificate does not support a critical extension.";
+        }
+
+        if (errorStatus & CERT_TRUST_HAS_WEAK_SIGNATURE)
+        {
+            os << "\n  - The certificate has not been strong signed.";
+        }
+
+        if (errorStatus & CERT_TRUST_IS_PARTIAL_CHAIN)
+        {
+            os << "\n  - The certificate chain is not complete.";
+        }
+
+        if (errorStatus & CERT_TRUST_CTL_IS_NOT_TIME_VALID)
+        {
+            os << "\n  - A certificate trust list (CTL) used to create this chain was not time valid.";
+        }
+
+        if (errorStatus & CERT_TRUST_CTL_IS_NOT_SIGNATURE_VALID)
+        {
+            os << "\n  - A CTL used to create this chain did not have a valid signature.";
+        }
+
+        if (errorStatus & CERT_TRUST_CTL_IS_NOT_VALID_FOR_USAGE)
+        {
+            os << "\n  - A CTL used to create this chain is not valid for this usage.";
+        }
+
+        return os.str();
+    }
+
+    string policyStatusToString(DWORD policyStatus)
+    {
+        assert(policyStatus);
+        ostringstream os;
+        switch (policyStatus)
+        {
+            case TRUST_E_CERT_SIGNATURE:
+            {
+                os << "The signature of the certificate cannot be verified.";
+                break;
+            }
+            case CRYPT_E_REVOKED:
+            {
+                os << "The certificate or signature has been revoked.";
+                break;
+            }
+            case CERT_E_UNTRUSTEDROOT:
+            {
+                os << "A certification chain processed correctly but terminated in a root certificate that is not "
+                      "trusted by "
+                      "the trust provider.";
+                break;
+            }
+            case CERT_E_UNTRUSTEDTESTROOT:
+            {
+                os << "The root certificate is a testing certificate, and policy settings disallow test certificates.";
+                break;
+            }
+            case CERT_E_CHAINING:
+            {
+                os << "A chain of certificates was not correctly created.";
+                break;
+            }
+            case CERT_E_WRONG_USAGE:
+            {
+                os << "The certificate is not valid for the requested usage.";
+                break;
+            }
+            case CERT_E_EXPIRED:
+            {
+                os << "A required certificate is not within its validity period.";
+                break;
+            }
+            case CERT_E_INVALID_NAME:
+            {
+                os << "The certificate has an invalid name. Either the name is not included in the permitted list, or "
+                      "it is "
+                      "explicitly excluded.";
+                break;
+            }
+            case CERT_E_INVALID_POLICY:
+            {
+                os << "The certificate has invalid policy.";
+                break;
+            }
+            case TRUST_E_BASIC_CONSTRAINTS:
+            {
+                os << "The basic constraints of the certificate are not valid, or they are missing.";
+                break;
+            }
+            case CERT_E_CRITICAL:
+            {
+                os << "The certificate is being used for a purpose other than the purpose specified by its CA.";
+                break;
+            }
+            case CERT_E_VALIDITYPERIODNESTING:
+            {
+                os << "The validity periods of the certification chain do not nest correctly.";
+                break;
+            }
+            case CRYPT_E_NO_REVOCATION_CHECK:
+            {
+                os << "The revocation function was unable to check revocation for the certificate.";
+                break;
+            }
+            case CRYPT_E_REVOCATION_OFFLINE:
+            {
+                os << "The revocation function was unable to check revocation because the revocation server was "
+                      "offline.";
+                break;
+            }
+            case CERT_E_CN_NO_MATCH:
+            {
+                os << "The certificate's CN name does not match the passed value.";
+                break;
+            }
+            case CERT_E_PURPOSE:
+            {
+                os << "The certificate is being used for a purpose other than the purpose specified by its CA.";
+                break;
+            }
+            case CERT_E_REVOKED:
+            {
+                os << "The certificate has been explicitly revoked by the issuer.";
+                break;
+            }
+            case CERT_E_REVOCATION_FAILURE:
+            {
+                os << "The revocation process could not continue, and the certificate could not be checked.";
+                break;
+            }
+            case CERT_E_ROLE:
+            {
+                os << "The certificate does not have a valid role.";
+                break;
+            }
+            default:
+            {
+                os << "Unknown policy status: " << policyStatus;
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+        return os.str();
+    }
+
+    void addMatchingCertificates(HCERTSTORE source, HCERTSTORE target, DWORD findType, const void* findParam)
+    {
+        PCCERT_CONTEXT next = 0;
+        do
+        {
+            if ((next = CertFindCertificateInStore(
+                     source,
+                     X509_ASN_ENCODING | PKCS_7_ASN_ENCODING,
+                     0,
+                     findType,
+                     findParam,
+                     next)) != 0)
+            {
+                if (!CertAddCertificateContextToStore(target, next, CERT_STORE_ADD_ALWAYS, 0))
+                {
+                    throw InitializationException(
+                        __FILE__,
+                        __LINE__,
+                        "SSL transport: error adding certificate to store:\n" + IceInternal::lastErrorToString());
+                }
+            }
+        } while (next);
+    }
+
+    vector<PCCERT_CONTEXT>
+    findCertificates(const string& location, const string& storeName, const string& value, vector<HCERTSTORE>& stores)
+    {
+        HCERTSTORE store = CertOpenStore(
+            CERT_STORE_PROV_SYSTEM,
+            0,
+            0,
+            location == "CurrentUser" ? CERT_SYSTEM_STORE_CURRENT_USER : CERT_SYSTEM_STORE_LOCAL_MACHINE,
+            Ice::stringToWstring(storeName).c_str());
+
+        if (!store)
+        {
+            throw InitializationException(
+                __FILE__,
+                __LINE__,
+                "SSL transport: failed to open certificate store '" + storeName + "':\n" +
+                    IceInternal::lastErrorToString());
+        }
+
+        //
+        // Start with all of the certificates in the collection and filter as necessary.
+        //
+        // - If the value is "*", return all certificates.
+        // - Otherwise, search using key:value pairs. The following keys are supported:
+        //
+        //   Issuer
+        //   IssuerDN
+        //   Serial
+        //   Subject
+        //   SubjectDN
+        //   SubjectKeyId
+        //   Thumbprint
+        //
+        //   A value must be enclosed in single or double quotes if it contains whitespace.
+        //
+        HCERTSTORE tmpStore = 0;
+        try
+        {
+            if (value != "*")
+            {
+                if (value.find(':', 0) == string::npos)
+                {
+                    throw InitializationException(__FILE__, __LINE__, "SSL transport: no key in '" + value + "'");
+                }
+                size_t start = 0;
+                size_t pos;
+                while ((pos = value.find(':', start)) != string::npos)
+                {
+                    string field = IceInternal::toUpper(IceInternal::trim(value.substr(start, pos - start)));
+                    if (field != "SUBJECT" && field != "SUBJECTDN" && field != "ISSUER" && field != "ISSUERDN" &&
+                        field != "THUMBPRINT" && field != "SUBJECTKEYID" && field != "SERIAL")
+                    {
+                        throw InitializationException(
+                            __FILE__,
+                            __LINE__,
+                            "SSL transport: unknown key in '" + value + "'");
+                    }
+
+                    start = pos + 1;
+                    while (start < value.size() && (value[start] == ' ' || value[start] == '\t'))
+                    {
+                        ++start;
+                    }
+
+                    if (start == value.size())
+                    {
+                        throw InitializationException(
+                            __FILE__,
+                            __LINE__,
+                            "SSL transport: missing argument in '" + value + "'");
+                    }
+
+                    string arg;
+                    if (value[start] == '"' || value[start] == '\'')
+                    {
+                        size_t end = start;
+                        ++end;
+                        while (end < value.size())
+                        {
+                            if (value[end] == value[start] && value[end - 1] != '\\')
+                            {
+                                break;
+                            }
+                            ++end;
+                        }
+                        if (end == value.size() || value[end] != value[start])
+                        {
+                            throw InitializationException(
+                                __FILE__,
+                                __LINE__,
+                                "SSL transport: unmatched quote in '" + value + "'");
+                        }
+                        ++start;
+                        arg = value.substr(start, end - start);
+                        start = end + 1;
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        size_t end = value.find_first_of(" \t", start);
+                        if (end == string::npos)
+                        {
+                            arg = value.substr(start);
+                            start = value.size();
+                        }
+                        else
+                        {
+                            arg = value.substr(start, end - start);
+                            start = end + 1;
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    tmpStore = CertOpenStore(CERT_STORE_PROV_MEMORY, 0, 0, 0, 0);
+                    if (!tmpStore)
+                    {
+                        throw InitializationException(
+                            __FILE__,
+                            __LINE__,
+                            "SSL transport: error adding certificate to store:\n" + IceInternal::lastErrorToString());
+                    }
+
+                    if (field == "SUBJECT" || field == "ISSUER")
+                    {
+                        const wstring argW = Ice::stringToWstring(arg);
+                        DWORD findType = field == "SUBJECT" ? CERT_FIND_SUBJECT_STR : CERT_FIND_ISSUER_STR;
+                        addMatchingCertificates(store, tmpStore, findType, argW.c_str());
+                    }
+                    else if (field == "SUBJECTDN" || field == "ISSUERDN")
+                    {
+                        const wstring argW = Ice::stringToWstring(arg);
+                        DWORD flags[] = {
+                            CERT_OID_NAME_STR,
+                            CERT_OID_NAME_STR | CERT_NAME_STR_REVERSE_FLAG,
+                            CERT_OID_NAME_STR | CERT_NAME_STR_FORCE_UTF8_DIR_STR_FLAG,
+                            CERT_OID_NAME_STR | CERT_NAME_STR_FORCE_UTF8_DIR_STR_FLAG | CERT_NAME_STR_REVERSE_FLAG};
+                        for (size_t i = 0; i < sizeof(flags) / sizeof(DWORD); ++i)
+                        {
+                            DWORD length = 0;
+                            if (!CertStrToNameW(X509_ASN_ENCODING, argW.c_str(), flags[i], 0, 0, &length, 0))
+                            {
+                                throw InitializationException(
+                                    __FILE__,
+                                    __LINE__,
+                                    "SSL transport: invalid value '" + value + "' for `IceSSL.FindCert' property:\n" +
+                                        IceInternal::lastErrorToString());
+                            }
+
+                            vector<BYTE> buffer(length);
+                            if (!CertStrToNameW(X509_ASN_ENCODING, argW.c_str(), flags[i], 0, &buffer[0], &length, 0))
+                            {
+                                throw InitializationException(
+                                    __FILE__,
+                                    __LINE__,
+                                    "SSL transport: invalid value '" + value + "' for `IceSSL.FindCert' property:\n" +
+                                        IceInternal::lastErrorToString());
+                            }
+
+                            CERT_NAME_BLOB name = {length, &buffer[0]};
+
+                            DWORD findType = field == "SUBJECTDN" ? CERT_FIND_SUBJECT_NAME : CERT_FIND_ISSUER_NAME;
+                            addMatchingCertificates(store, tmpStore, findType, &name);
+                        }
+                    }
+                    else if (field == "THUMBPRINT" || field == "SUBJECTKEYID")
+                    {
+                        vector<BYTE> buffer;
+                        if (!parseBytes(arg, buffer))
+                        {
+                            throw InitializationException(
+                                __FILE__,
+                                __LINE__,
+                                "SSL transport: invalid 'IceSSL.FindCert' property: can't decode the value");
+                        }
+
+                        CRYPT_HASH_BLOB hash = {static_cast<DWORD>(buffer.size()), &buffer[0]};
+                        DWORD findType = field == "THUMBPRINT" ? CERT_FIND_HASH : CERT_FIND_KEY_IDENTIFIER;
+                        addMatchingCertificates(store, tmpStore, findType, &hash);
+                    }
+                    else if (field == "SERIAL")
+                    {
+                        vector<BYTE> buffer;
+                        if (!parseBytes(arg, buffer))
+                        {
+                            throw InitializationException(
+                                __FILE__,
+                                __LINE__,
+                                "SSL transport: invalid value '" + value + "' for `IceSSL.FindCert' property");
+                        }
+
+                        // CRYPT_INTEGER_BLOB stores serial data in little-endian format, parseBytes returns big-endian
+                        // data.
+                        std::vector<BYTE> serialData(buffer.size());
+                        std::reverse_copy(std::begin(buffer), std::end(buffer), std::begin(serialData));
+
+                        CRYPT_INTEGER_BLOB serial = {static_cast<DWORD>(serialData.size()), &serialData[0]};
+                        PCCERT_CONTEXT next = nullptr;
+                        do
+                        {
+                            if ((next = CertFindCertificateInStore(
+                                     store,
+                                     X509_ASN_ENCODING | PKCS_7_ASN_ENCODING,
+                                     0,
+                                     CERT_FIND_ANY,
+                                     0,
+                                     next)) != 0)
+                            {
+                                if (CertCompareIntegerBlob(&serial, &next->pCertInfo->SerialNumber))
+                                {
+                                    if (!CertAddCertificateContextToStore(tmpStore, next, CERT_STORE_ADD_ALWAYS, 0))
+                                    {
+                                        throw InitializationException(
+                                            __FILE__,
+                                            __LINE__,
+                                            "SSL transport: error adding certificate to store:\n" +
+                                                IceInternal::lastErrorToString());
+                                    }
+                                }
+                            }
+                        } while (next);
+                    }
+                    CertCloseStore(store, 0);
+                    store = tmpStore;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        catch (...)
+        {
+            if (store && store != tmpStore)
+            {
+                CertCloseStore(store, 0);
+            }
+
+            if (tmpStore)
+            {
+                CertCloseStore(tmpStore, 0);
+                tmpStore = nullptr;
+            }
+            throw;
+        }
+
+        vector<PCCERT_CONTEXT> certs;
+        if (store)
+        {
+            PCCERT_CONTEXT next = nullptr;
+            do
+            {
+                if ((next = CertFindCertificateInStore(
+                         store,
+                         X509_ASN_ENCODING | PKCS_7_ASN_ENCODING,
+                         0,
+                         CERT_FIND_ANY,
+                         0,
+                         next)) != 0)
+                {
+                    certs.push_back(next);
+                }
+            } while (next);
+            stores.push_back(store);
+        }
+        return certs;
+    }
+
+    void addCertificatesToStore(const string& file, HCERTSTORE store, PCCERT_CONTEXT* cert = nullptr)
+    {
+        vector<char> buffer;
+        readFile(file, buffer);
+        if (buffer.empty())
+        {
+            ostringstream os;
+            os << "SSL transport: certificate file is empty: '" << file << "'";
+            throw InitializationException(__FILE__, __LINE__, os.str());
+        }
+
+        string strbuf(buffer.begin(), buffer.end());
+        string::size_type size, startpos, endpos = 0;
+        bool first = true;
+        while (true)
+        {
+            startpos = strbuf.find("-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----", endpos);
+            if (startpos != string::npos)
+            {
+                endpos = strbuf.find("-----END CERTIFICATE-----", startpos);
+                size = endpos - startpos + sizeof("-----END CERTIFICATE-----");
+            }
+            else if (first)
+            {
+                startpos = 0;
+                endpos = string::npos;
+                size = strbuf.size();
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                break;
+            }
+
+            vector<BYTE> outBuffer;
+            outBuffer.resize(size);
+            DWORD outLength = static_cast<DWORD>(outBuffer.size());
+            if (!CryptStringToBinary(
+                    &buffer[startpos],
+                    static_cast<DWORD>(size),
+                    CRYPT_STRING_ANY,
+                    &outBuffer[0],
+                    &outLength,
+                    0,
+                    0))
+            {
+                assert(GetLastError() != ERROR_MORE_DATA); // Base64 data should always be bigger than binary
+                throw InitializationException(
+                    __FILE__,
+                    __LINE__,
+                    "SSL transport: error decoding certificate:\n" + lastErrorToString());
+            }
+
+            if (!CertAddEncodedCertificateToStore(
+                    store,
+                    X509_ASN_ENCODING | PKCS_7_ASN_ENCODING,
+                    &outBuffer[0],
+                    outLength,
+                    CERT_STORE_ADD_NEW,
+                    first ? cert : 0))
+            {
+                if (GetLastError() != static_cast<DWORD>(CRYPT_E_EXISTS))
+                {
+                    throw InitializationException(
+                        __FILE__,
+                        __LINE__,
+                        "SSL transport: error decoding certificate:\n" + lastErrorToString());
+                }
+            }
+
+            first = false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    void verifyPeerCertName(
+        PCCERT_CONTEXT cert,
+        const string& address,
+        const Ice::LoggerPtr& logger,
+        int traceLevel,
+        const string& traceCategory)
+    {
+        // For an outgoing connection, we compare the proxy address (if any) against fields in the server's certificate
+        // (if any).
+
+        // Extract the IP addresses and the DNS names from the subject alternative names.
+        vector<pair<int, string>> subjectAltNames = getSubjectAltNames(cert);
+        vector<string> ipAddresses;
+        vector<string> dnsNames;
+        for (vector<pair<int, string>>::const_iterator p = subjectAltNames.begin(); p != subjectAltNames.end(); ++p)
+        {
+            if (p->first == AltNAmeIP)
+            {
+                ipAddresses.push_back(IceInternal::toLower(p->second));
+            }
+            else if (p->first == AltNameDNS)
+            {
+                dnsNames.push_back(IceInternal::toLower(p->second));
+            }
+        }
+
+        bool certNameOK = false;
+        string addrLower = IceInternal::toLower(address);
+        bool isIpAddress = IceInternal::isIpAddress(address);
+
+        // If address is an IP address, compare it to the subject alternative names IP address
+        if (isIpAddress)
+        {
+            certNameOK = find(ipAddresses.begin(), ipAddresses.end(), addrLower) != ipAddresses.end();
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            // If subjectAlt is empty compare it to the subject CN, otherwise compare it to the to the subject alt
+            // name dnsNames.
+            if (dnsNames.empty())
+            {
+                auto d = DistinguishedName(getSubjectName(cert));
+                string dn = IceInternal::toLower(string(d));
+                string cn = "cn=" + addrLower;
+                string::size_type pos = dn.find(cn);
+                if (pos != string::npos)
+                {
+                    // Ensure we match the entire common name.
+                    certNameOK = (pos + cn.size() == dn.size()) || (dn[pos + cn.size()] == ',');
+                }
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                certNameOK = find(dnsNames.begin(), dnsNames.end(), addrLower) != dnsNames.end();
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (!certNameOK)
+        {
+            ostringstream os;
+            os << "SSL transport: certificate verification failure "
+               << (isIpAddress ? "IP address mismatch" : "Hostname mismatch");
+            string msg = os.str();
+            if (traceLevel >= 1)
+            {
+                Trace out(logger, traceCategory);
+                out << msg;
+            }
+            throw SecurityException(__FILE__, __LINE__, msg);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+Schannel::SSLEngine::SSLEngine(const IceInternal::InstancePtr& instance)
+    : Ice::SSL::SSLEngine(instance),
+      _rootStore(nullptr),
+      _chainEngine(nullptr)
+{
+}
+
+void
+Schannel::SSLEngine::initialize()
+{
+    //
+    // BUGFIX: we use a global mutex for the initialization of Schannel to
+    // avoid crashes occurring with last Schannel updates see:
+    // https://github.com/zeroc-ice/ice/issues/242
+    //
+    lock_guard globalLock(globalMutex);
+
+    Ice::SSL::SSLEngine::initialize();
+
+    const PropertiesPtr properties = getProperties();
+
+    // Check for a default directory. We look in this directory for files mentioned in the configuration.
+    const string defaultDir = properties->getIceProperty("IceSSL.DefaultDir");
+
+    string certStoreLocation = properties->getIceProperty("IceSSL.CertStoreLocation");
+    if (certStoreLocation != "CurrentUser" && certStoreLocation != "LocalMachine")
+    {
+        getLogger()->warning(
+            "invalid IceSSL.CertStoreLocation value '" + certStoreLocation + "' adjusted to 'CurrentUser'");
+        certStoreLocation = "CurrentUser";
+    }
+
+    //
+    // Create trusted CA store with contents of IceSSL.CAs
+    //
+    string caFile = properties->getIceProperty("IceSSL.CAs");
+    if (!caFile.empty() || properties->getIcePropertyAsInt("IceSSL.UsePlatformCAs") <= 0)
+    {
+        _rootStore = CertOpenStore(CERT_STORE_PROV_MEMORY, 0, 0, 0, 0);
+        if (!_rootStore)
+        {
+            throw InitializationException(
+                __FILE__,
+                __LINE__,
+                "SSL transport: error creating in memory certificate store:\n" + lastErrorToString());
+        }
+    }
+    if (!caFile.empty())
+    {
+        optional<string> resolved = resolveFilePath(caFile, defaultDir);
+
+        if (!resolved)
+        {
+            ostringstream os;
+            os << "SSL transport: CA certificate file not found: '" << caFile << "'";
+            throw InitializationException(__FILE__, __LINE__, os.str());
+        }
+
+        addCertificatesToStore(*resolved, _rootStore);
+    }
+
+    if (_rootStore)
+    {
+        //
+        // Create a chain engine that uses our Trusted Root Store
+        //
+        CERT_CHAIN_ENGINE_CONFIG config;
+        memset(&config, 0, sizeof(CERT_CHAIN_ENGINE_CONFIG));
+        config.cbSize = sizeof(CERT_CHAIN_ENGINE_CONFIG);
+        config.hExclusiveRoot = _rootStore;
+
+        //
+        // Build the chain using the LocalMachine registry location as opposed
+        // to the CurrentUser location.
+        //
+        if (certStoreLocation == "LocalMachine")
+        {
+            config.dwFlags = CERT_CHAIN_USE_LOCAL_MACHINE_STORE;
+        }
+
+        if (!CertCreateCertificateChainEngine(&config, &_chainEngine))
+        {
+            throw InitializationException(
+                __FILE__,
+                __LINE__,
+                "SSL transport: error creating certificate chain engine:\n" + lastErrorToString());
+        }
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        _chainEngine = (certStoreLocation == "LocalMachine") ? HCCE_LOCAL_MACHINE : HCCE_CURRENT_USER;
+    }
+
+    string certFile = properties->getIceProperty("IceSSL.CertFile");
+    string keyFile = properties->getIceProperty("IceSSL.KeyFile");
+    string findCert = properties->getIceProperty("IceSSL.FindCert");
+
+    if (!certFile.empty())
+    {
+        optional<string> resolved = resolveFilePath(certFile, defaultDir);
+
+        if (!resolved)
+        {
+            ostringstream os;
+            os << "SSL transport: certificate file not found: '" << certFile << "'";
+            throw InitializationException(__FILE__, __LINE__, os.str());
+        }
+        certFile = *resolved;
+
+        vector<char> buffer;
+        readFile(certFile, buffer);
+        if (buffer.empty())
+        {
+            ostringstream os;
+            os << "SSL transport: certificate file is empty: '" << certFile << "'";
+            throw InitializationException(__FILE__, __LINE__, os.str());
+        }
+
+        CRYPT_DATA_BLOB pfxBlob;
+        pfxBlob.cbData = static_cast<DWORD>(buffer.size());
+        pfxBlob.pbData = reinterpret_cast<BYTE*>(&buffer[0]);
+
+        PCCERT_CONTEXT cert = nullptr;
+        DWORD importFlags = (certStoreLocation == "LocalMachine") ? CRYPT_MACHINE_KEYSET : CRYPT_USER_KEYSET;
+        HCERTSTORE store = PFXImportCertStore(
+            &pfxBlob,
+            Ice::stringToWstring(properties->getIceProperty("IceSSL.Password")).c_str(),
+            importFlags);
+        int err = store ? 0 : GetLastError();
+
+        if (store)
+        {
+            // Try to find a certificate chain.
+            CERT_CHAIN_FIND_BY_ISSUER_PARA para;
+            memset(&para, 0, sizeof(CERT_CHAIN_FIND_BY_ISSUER_PARA));
+            para.cbSize = sizeof(CERT_CHAIN_FIND_BY_ISSUER_PARA);
+
+            PCCERT_CHAIN_CONTEXT chain = nullptr;
+            while (!cert)
+            {
+                chain = CertFindChainInStore(
+                    store,
+                    X509_ASN_ENCODING,
+                    CERT_CHAIN_FIND_BY_ISSUER_CACHE_ONLY_URL_FLAG, // Don't fetch anything from the Internet
+                    CERT_CHAIN_FIND_BY_ISSUER,
+                    &para,
+                    chain);
+                if (!chain)
+                {
+                    break; // No more chains found in the store.
+                }
+
+                if (chain->cChain > 0 && chain->rgpChain[0]->cElement > 0)
+                {
+                    cert = CertDuplicateCertificateContext(chain->rgpChain[0]->rgpElement[0]->pCertContext);
+                }
+                CertFreeCertificateChain(chain);
+            }
+
+            // Check if we can find a certificate if we couldn't find a chain.
+            if (!cert)
+            {
+                cert = CertFindCertificateInStore(store, X509_ASN_ENCODING, 0, CERT_FIND_ANY, 0, cert);
+            }
+            if (!cert)
+            {
+                throw InitializationException(
+                    __FILE__,
+                    __LINE__,
+                    "SSL transport: certificate error:\n" + lastErrorToString());
+            }
+            _allCerts.push_back(cert);
+            _stores.push_back(store);
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            assert(err);
+            if (err != CRYPT_E_BAD_ENCODE)
+            {
+                throw InitializationException(
+                    __FILE__,
+                    __LINE__,
+                    "SSL transport: error decoding certificate:\n" + lastErrorToString());
+            }
+
+            // Try to load certificate & key as PEM files.
+            err = 0;
+            resolved = resolveFilePath(keyFile, defaultDir);
+            if (!resolved)
+            {
+                ostringstream os;
+                os << "SSL transport: key file not found: '" << keyFile << "'";
+                throw InitializationException(__FILE__, __LINE__, os.str());
+            }
+            keyFile = *resolved;
+
+            readFile(keyFile, buffer);
+            if (buffer.empty())
+            {
+                ostringstream os;
+                os << "SSL transport: key file is empty: '" << keyFile << "'";
+                throw InitializationException(__FILE__, __LINE__, os.str());
+            }
+
+            vector<BYTE> outBuffer;
+            outBuffer.resize(buffer.size());
+            DWORD outLength = static_cast<DWORD>(buffer.size());
+
+            // Convert the PEM encoded buffer to DER binary format.
+            if (!CryptStringToBinary(
+                    &buffer[0],
+                    static_cast<DWORD>(buffer.size()),
+                    CRYPT_STRING_BASE64HEADER,
+                    &outBuffer[0],
+                    &outLength,
+                    0,
+                    0))
+            {
+                ostringstream os;
+                os << "SSL transport: error decoding key '" << keyFile << "':\n" << lastErrorToString();
+                throw InitializationException(__FILE__, __LINE__, os.str());
+            }
+
+            PCRYPT_PRIVATE_KEY_INFO keyInfo = nullptr;
+            BYTE* key = nullptr;
+            HCRYPTKEY hKey = 0;
+            try
+            {
+                // First try to decode as a PKCS#8 key, if that fails try PKCS#1.
+                DWORD decodedLength = 0;
+                if (CryptDecodeObjectEx(
+                        X509_ASN_ENCODING,
+                        PKCS_PRIVATE_KEY_INFO,
+                        &outBuffer[0],
+                        outLength,
+                        CRYPT_DECODE_ALLOC_FLAG,
+                        0,
+                        &keyInfo,
+                        &decodedLength))
+                {
+                    // Check that we are using an RSA Key.
+                    if (strcmp(keyInfo->Algorithm.pszObjId, szOID_RSA_RSA))
+                    {
+                        ostringstream os;
+                        os << "SSL transport: error unknow key algorithm: '" << keyInfo->Algorithm.pszObjId << "'";
+                        throw InitializationException(__FILE__, __LINE__, os.str());
+                    }
+
+                    // Decode the private key BLOB.
+                    if (!CryptDecodeObjectEx(
+                            X509_ASN_ENCODING | PKCS_7_ASN_ENCODING,
+                            PKCS_RSA_PRIVATE_KEY,
+                            keyInfo->PrivateKey.pbData,
+                            keyInfo->PrivateKey.cbData,
+                            CRYPT_DECODE_ALLOC_FLAG,
+                            0,
+                            &key,
+                            &outLength))
+                    {
+                        ostringstream os;
+                        os << "SSL transport: error decoding key '" + keyFile + "':\n" + lastErrorToString();
+                        throw InitializationException(__FILE__, __LINE__, os.str());
+                    }
+                    LocalFree(keyInfo);
+                    keyInfo = nullptr;
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    // Decode the private key BLOB.
+                    if (!CryptDecodeObjectEx(
+                            X509_ASN_ENCODING | PKCS_7_ASN_ENCODING,
+                            PKCS_RSA_PRIVATE_KEY,
+                            &outBuffer[0],
+                            outLength,
+                            CRYPT_DECODE_ALLOC_FLAG,
+                            0,
+                            &key,
+                            &outLength))
+                    {
+                        ostringstream os;
+                        os << "SSL transport: error decoding key '" << keyFile << "':\n" << lastErrorToString();
+                        throw InitializationException(__FILE__, __LINE__, os.str());
+                    }
+                }
+
+                // Create a new RSA key set to store our key.
+                const wstring keySetName = Ice::stringToWstring(generateUUID());
+                HCRYPTPROV cryptProv = 0;
+
+                DWORD contextFlags = CRYPT_NEWKEYSET;
+                if (certStoreLocation == "LocalMachine")
+                {
+                    contextFlags |= CRYPT_MACHINE_KEYSET;
+                };
+
+                if (!CryptAcquireContextW(
+                        &cryptProv,
+                        keySetName.c_str(),
+                        MS_ENHANCED_PROV_W,
+                        PROV_RSA_FULL,
+                        contextFlags))
+                {
+                    throw InitializationException(
+                        __FILE__,
+                        __LINE__,
+                        "SSL transport: error acquiring cryptographic context:\n" + lastErrorToString());
+                }
+
+                // Import the private key.
+                if (!CryptImportKey(cryptProv, key, outLength, 0, 0, &hKey))
+                {
+                    ostringstream os;
+                    os << "SSL transport: error importing key '" << keyFile << "':\n" + lastErrorToString();
+                    throw InitializationException(__FILE__, __LINE__, os.str());
+                }
+                LocalFree(key);
+                key = nullptr;
+
+                CryptDestroyKey(hKey);
+                hKey = 0;
+
+                // Create a new memory store to place the certificate.
+                store = CertOpenStore(CERT_STORE_PROV_MEMORY, 0, 0, 0, 0);
+                if (!store)
+                {
+                    throw InitializationException(
+                        __FILE__,
+                        __LINE__,
+                        "SSL transport: error creating certificate store:\n" + lastErrorToString());
+                }
+
+                addCertificatesToStore(certFile, store, &cert);
+
+                // Associate key & certificate.
+                CRYPT_KEY_PROV_INFO keyProvInfo;
+                memset(&keyProvInfo, 0, sizeof(keyProvInfo));
+                keyProvInfo.pwszContainerName = const_cast<wchar_t*>(keySetName.c_str());
+                keyProvInfo.pwszProvName = const_cast<wchar_t*>(MS_DEF_PROV_W);
+                keyProvInfo.dwProvType = PROV_RSA_FULL;
+                keyProvInfo.dwKeySpec = AT_KEYEXCHANGE;
+                if (!CertSetCertificateContextProperty(cert, CERT_KEY_PROV_INFO_PROP_ID, 0, &keyProvInfo))
+                {
+                    throw InitializationException(
+                        __FILE__,
+                        __LINE__,
+                        "SSL transport: error setting certificate property:\n" + lastErrorToString());
+                }
+
+                _importedCerts.push_back(cert);
+                _allCerts.push_back(cert);
+                _stores.push_back(store);
+            }
+            catch (...)
+            {
+                if (keyInfo)
+                {
+                    LocalFree(keyInfo);
+                }
+
+                if (key)
+                {
+                    LocalFree(key);
+                }
+
+                if (hKey)
+                {
+                    CryptDestroyKey(hKey);
+                }
+
+                if (cert)
+                {
+                    CertFreeCertificateContext(cert);
+                }
+
+                if (store)
+                {
+                    CertCloseStore(store, 0);
+                }
+                throw;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    else if (!findCert.empty())
+    {
+        string certStore = properties->getIceProperty("IceSSL.CertStore");
+        vector<PCCERT_CONTEXT> certs = findCertificates(certStoreLocation, certStore, findCert, _stores);
+        if (certs.empty())
+        {
+            throw InitializationException(__FILE__, __LINE__, "SSL transport: no certificates found");
+        }
+        _allCerts.insert(_allCerts.end(), certs.begin(), certs.end());
+    }
+}
+
+string
+Schannel::SSLEngine::getCipherName(ALG_ID cipher) const
+{
+    switch (cipher)
+    {
+        case CALG_3DES:
+            return "3DES";
+        case CALG_3DES_112:
+            return "3DES_112";
+        case CALG_AES:
+            return "AES";
+        case CALG_AES_128:
+            return "AES_128";
+        case CALG_AES_192:
+            return "AES_192";
+        case CALG_AES_256:
+            return "AES_256";
+        case CALG_AGREEDKEY_ANY:
+            return "AGREEDKEY_ANY";
+        case CALG_CYLINK_MEK:
+            return "CYLINK_MEK";
+        case CALG_DES:
+            return "DES";
+        case CALG_DESX:
+            return "DESX";
+        case CALG_DH_EPHEM:
+            return "DH_EPHEM";
+        case CALG_DH_SF:
+            return "DH_SF";
+        case CALG_DSS_SIGN:
+            return "DSS_SIGN";
+        case CALG_ECDH:
+            return "ECDH";
+        case ICESSL_CALG_ECDH_EPHEM:
+            return "ECDH_EPHEM";
+        case CALG_ECDSA:
+            return "ECDSA";
+        case CALG_HASH_REPLACE_OWF:
+            return "HASH_REPLACE_OWF";
+        case CALG_HUGHES_MD5:
+            return "HUGHES_MD5";
+        case CALG_HMAC:
+            return "HMAC";
+        case CALG_MAC:
+            return "MAC";
+        case CALG_MD2:
+            return "MD2";
+        case CALG_MD4:
+            return "MD4";
+        case CALG_MD5:
+            return "MD5";
+        case CALG_NO_SIGN:
+            return "NO_SIGN";
+        case CALG_RC2:
+            return "RC2";
+        case CALG_RC4:
+            return "RC4";
+        case CALG_RC5:
+            return "RC5";
+        case CALG_RSA_KEYX:
+            return "RSA_KEYX";
+        case CALG_RSA_SIGN:
+            return "RSA_SIGN";
+        case CALG_SHA1:
+            return "SHA1";
+        case CALG_SHA_256:
+            return "SHA_256";
+        case CALG_SHA_384:
+            return "SHA_384";
+        case CALG_SHA_512:
+            return "SHA_512";
+        default:
+        {
+            ostringstream os;
+            os << "Unknown cipher: " << cipher;
+            return os.str();
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+void
+Schannel::SSLEngine::destroy()
+{
+    if (_chainEngine && _chainEngine != HCCE_CURRENT_USER && _chainEngine != HCCE_LOCAL_MACHINE)
+    {
+        CertFreeCertificateChainEngine(_chainEngine);
+    }
+
+    if (_rootStore)
+    {
+        CertCloseStore(_rootStore, 0);
+    }
+
+    for (vector<PCCERT_CONTEXT>::const_iterator i = _importedCerts.begin(); i != _importedCerts.end(); ++i)
+    {
+        // Retrieve the certificate CERT_KEY_PROV_INFO_PROP_ID property, we use the CRYPT_KEY_PROV_INFO data to remove
+        // the key set associated with the certificate.
+        DWORD length = 0;
+        if (!CertGetCertificateContextProperty(*i, CERT_KEY_PROV_INFO_PROP_ID, 0, &length))
+        {
+            continue;
+        }
+        vector<char> buf(length);
+        if (!CertGetCertificateContextProperty(*i, CERT_KEY_PROV_INFO_PROP_ID, &buf[0], &length))
+        {
+            continue;
+        }
+        CRYPT_KEY_PROV_INFO* key = reinterpret_cast<CRYPT_KEY_PROV_INFO*>(&buf[0]);
+        HCRYPTPROV prov = 0;
+        CryptAcquireContextW(&prov, key->pwszContainerName, key->pwszProvName, key->dwProvType, CRYPT_DELETEKEYSET);
+    }
+
+    for (vector<PCCERT_CONTEXT>::const_iterator i = _allCerts.begin(); i != _allCerts.end(); ++i)
+    {
+        CertFreeCertificateContext(*i);
+    }
+
+    for (vector<HCERTSTORE>::const_iterator i = _stores.begin(); i != _stores.end(); ++i)
+    {
+        CertCloseStore(*i, 0);
+    }
+}
+
+Ice::SSL::ClientAuthenticationOptions
+Schannel::SSLEngine::createClientAuthenticationOptions(const string& host) const
+{
+    return Ice::SSL::ClientAuthenticationOptions{
+        .clientCredentialsSelectionCallback =
+            [this](const string&)
+        {
+            for (const auto& cert : _allCerts)
+            {
+                CertDuplicateCertificateContext(cert);
+            }
+
+            return SCH_CREDENTIALS{
+                .dwVersion = SCH_CREDENTIALS_VERSION,
+                .cCreds = static_cast<DWORD>(_allCerts.size()),
+                .paCred = const_cast<PCCERT_CONTEXT*>(_allCerts.size() > 0 ? &_allCerts[0] : nullptr),
+                .dwFlags = SCH_CRED_NO_DEFAULT_CREDS | SCH_CRED_NO_SERVERNAME_CHECK | SCH_USE_STRONG_CRYPTO};
+        },
+        .trustedRootCertificates = _rootStore,
+        .serverCertificateValidationCallback = [self = shared_from_this(),
+                                                host](CtxtHandle ssl, const ConnectionInfoPtr& info) -> bool
+        {
+            bool ok = Schannel::SSLEngine::validationCallback(
+                self->_chainEngine, // The chain engine configured to trust the provided trusted root certificates.
+                ssl,                // The SSL context handle.
+                false,              // This is an outgoing connection.
+                host,               // The target host.
+                true,               // Whether or not the peer must provide a certificate.
+                self->getRevocationCheck(),
+                self->getRevocationCheckCacheOnly());
+            if (self->getCheckCertName() && info->peerCertificate && !host.empty())
+            {
+                verifyPeerCertName(
+                    info->peerCertificate,
+                    host,
+                    self->getLogger(),
+                    self->securityTraceLevel(),
+                    self->securityTraceCategory());
+            }
+            self->verifyPeer(info);
+            return ok;
+        }};
+}
+
+Ice::SSL::ServerAuthenticationOptions
+Schannel::SSLEngine::createServerAuthenticationOptions() const
+{
+    return Ice::SSL::ServerAuthenticationOptions{
+        .serverCredentialsSelectionCallback =
+            [this](const string&)
+        {
+            {
+                for (const auto& cert : _allCerts)
+                {
+                    CertDuplicateCertificateContext(cert);
+                }
+
+                return SCH_CREDENTIALS{
+                    .dwVersion = SCH_CREDENTIALS_VERSION,
+                    .cCreds = static_cast<DWORD>(_allCerts.size()),
+                    .paCred = const_cast<PCCERT_CONTEXT*>(_allCerts.size() > 0 ? &_allCerts[0] : nullptr),
+                    // Don't set SCH_SEND_ROOT_CERT as it seems to cause problems with Java certificate validation and
+                    // Schannel doesn't seems to send the root certificate either way.
+                    .dwFlags = SCH_CRED_NO_SYSTEM_MAPPER | SCH_USE_STRONG_CRYPTO};
+            }
+        },
+        .clientCertificateRequired = getVerifyPeer() > 0,
+        .trustedRootCertificates = _rootStore,
+        .clientCertificateValidationCallback =
+            [self = shared_from_this()](CtxtHandle ssl, const ConnectionInfoPtr& info) -> bool
+        {
+            bool ok = Schannel::SSLEngine::validationCallback(
+                self->_chainEngine, // The chain engine configured to trust the provided trusted root certificates.
+                ssl,                // The SSL context handle.
+                true,               // This is an incoming connection.
+                "",                 // The target host, empty for incoming connections.
+                self->getVerifyPeer() > 1, // Whether or not the peer must provide a certificate.
+                self->getRevocationCheck(),
+                self->getRevocationCheckCacheOnly());
+            self->verifyPeer(info);
+            return ok;
+        }};
+}
+
+namespace
+{
+    struct ScopedCertChainContext
+    {
+        ScopedCertChainContext(PCCERT_CHAIN_CONTEXT chain) : _chain(chain) {}
+        ~ScopedCertChainContext() { CertFreeCertificateChain(_chain); }
+        PCCERT_CHAIN_CONTEXT _chain;
+    };
+}
+
+bool
+Schannel::SSLEngine::validationCallback(
+    HCERTCHAINENGINE chainEngine,
+    CtxtHandle ssl,
+    bool incoming,
+    const string& host,
+    bool certificateRequired,
+    int revocationCheck,
+    bool revocationCheckCacheOnly)
+{
+    // Build the peer certificate chain and verify it.
+    PCCERT_CONTEXT cert = nullptr;
+    SECURITY_STATUS err = QueryContextAttributes(&ssl, SECPKG_ATTR_REMOTE_CERT_CONTEXT, &cert);
+
+    if (err && (err != SEC_E_NO_CREDENTIALS || certificateRequired))
+    {
+        ostringstream os;
+        os << "SSL transport: certificate verification failure:\n" << IceInternal::errorToString(err);
+        throw SecurityException(__FILE__, __LINE__, os.str());
+    }
+
+    if (cert) // Verify the remote certificate
+    {
+        ScopedCertificate scopedCertificate(cert);
+        CERT_CHAIN_PARA chainP;
+        memset(&chainP, 0, sizeof(chainP));
+        chainP.cbSize = sizeof(chainP);
+
+        string trustError;
+        PCCERT_CHAIN_CONTEXT certChain;
+        DWORD dwFlags = 0;
+        if (revocationCheck > 0)
+        {
+            if (revocationCheckCacheOnly)
+            {
+                // Disable network I/O for revocation checks.
+                dwFlags = CERT_CHAIN_REVOCATION_CHECK_CACHE_ONLY | CERT_CHAIN_DISABLE_AIA;
+            }
+
+            dwFlags |=
+                (revocationCheck == 1 ? CERT_CHAIN_REVOCATION_CHECK_END_CERT
+                                      : CERT_CHAIN_REVOCATION_CHECK_CHAIN_EXCLUDE_ROOT);
+        }
+
+        if (!CertGetCertificateChain(
+                chainEngine,
+                cert,
+                nullptr,
+                cert->hCertStore,
+                &chainP,
+                dwFlags,
+                nullptr,
+                &certChain))
+        {
+            ostringstream os;
+            os << "SSL transport: certificate verification failure:\n" << lastErrorToString();
+            throw SecurityException(__FILE__, __LINE__, os.str());
+        }
+        ScopedCertChainContext scopedChainContext(certChain);
+
+        DWORD errorStatus = certChain->TrustStatus.dwErrorStatus;
+        if (errorStatus != CERT_TRUST_NO_ERROR)
+        {
+            throw SecurityException(__FILE__, __LINE__, errorStatusToString(errorStatus));
+        }
+
+        SSL_EXTRA_CERT_CHAIN_POLICY_PARA extraPolicyPara;
+        memset(&extraPolicyPara, 0, sizeof(extraPolicyPara));
+        extraPolicyPara.cbSize = sizeof(extraPolicyPara);
+        extraPolicyPara.dwAuthType = incoming ? AUTHTYPE_CLIENT : AUTHTYPE_SERVER;
+        // Disable because the policy only matches the CN of the certificate, not the SAN.
+        extraPolicyPara.fdwChecks = SECURITY_FLAG_IGNORE_CERT_CN_INVALID;
+        extraPolicyPara.pwszServerName = const_cast<wchar_t*>(Ice::stringToWstring(host).c_str());
+
+        CERT_CHAIN_POLICY_PARA policyPara;
+        memset(&policyPara, 0, sizeof(policyPara));
+        policyPara.cbSize = sizeof(policyPara);
+        policyPara.pvExtraPolicyPara = &extraPolicyPara;
+
+        CERT_CHAIN_POLICY_STATUS policyStatus;
+        memset(&policyStatus, 0, sizeof(policyStatus));
+        policyStatus.cbSize = sizeof(policyStatus);
+
+        if (!CertVerifyCertificateChainPolicy(CERT_CHAIN_POLICY_SSL, certChain, &policyPara, &policyStatus))
+        {
+            ostringstream os;
+            os << "SSL transport: certificate verification failure:\n" << lastErrorToString();
+            throw SecurityException(__FILE__, __LINE__, os.str());
+        }
+
+        if (policyStatus.dwError)
+        {
+            ostringstream os;
+            os << "SSL transport: certificate verification failure:\n" << policyStatusToString(policyStatus.dwError);
+            throw SecurityException(__FILE__, __LINE__, os.str());
+        }
+    }
+    return true;
+}