xml_jats_resolver 0.3.1 → 0.3.2
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- checksums.yaml +4 -4
- data/CHANGELOG.md +4 -0
- data/lib/dtd/jats/archiving/1.2d1/oasis_mathml3_dtd/JATS-XHTMLtablesetup1.ent +516 -0
- data/lib/dtd/jats/archiving/1.2d1/oasis_mathml3_dtd/JATS-ali-namespace1.ent +169 -0
- data/lib/dtd/jats/archiving/1.2d1/oasis_mathml3_dtd/JATS-archive-oasis-article1-mathml3.dtd +950 -0
- data/lib/dtd/jats/archiving/1.2d1/oasis_mathml3_dtd/JATS-archive-oasis-custom-classes1.ent +341 -0
- data/lib/dtd/jats/archiving/1.2d1/oasis_mathml3_dtd/JATS-archive-oasis-custom-modules1.ent +283 -0
- data/lib/dtd/jats/archiving/1.2d1/oasis_mathml3_dtd/JATS-archivecustom-mixes1.ent +435 -0
- data/lib/dtd/jats/archiving/1.2d1/oasis_mathml3_dtd/JATS-archivecustom-models1.ent +1379 -0
- data/lib/dtd/jats/archiving/1.2d1/oasis_mathml3_dtd/JATS-articlemeta1.ent +2120 -0
- data/lib/dtd/jats/archiving/1.2d1/oasis_mathml3_dtd/JATS-backmatter1.ent +408 -0
- data/lib/dtd/jats/archiving/1.2d1/oasis_mathml3_dtd/JATS-chars1.ent +540 -0
- data/lib/dtd/jats/archiving/1.2d1/oasis_mathml3_dtd/JATS-common-atts1.ent +236 -0
- data/lib/dtd/jats/archiving/1.2d1/oasis_mathml3_dtd/JATS-common1.ent +4301 -0
- data/lib/dtd/jats/archiving/1.2d1/oasis_mathml3_dtd/JATS-default-classes1.ent +1339 -0
- data/lib/dtd/jats/archiving/1.2d1/oasis_mathml3_dtd/JATS-default-mixes1.ent +470 -0
- data/lib/dtd/jats/archiving/1.2d1/oasis_mathml3_dtd/JATS-display1.ent +1022 -0
- data/lib/dtd/jats/archiving/1.2d1/oasis_mathml3_dtd/JATS-format1.ent +873 -0
- data/lib/dtd/jats/archiving/1.2d1/oasis_mathml3_dtd/JATS-funding1.ent +562 -0
- data/lib/dtd/jats/archiving/1.2d1/oasis_mathml3_dtd/JATS-journalmeta1.ent +469 -0
- data/lib/dtd/jats/archiving/1.2d1/oasis_mathml3_dtd/JATS-link1.ent +415 -0
- data/lib/dtd/jats/archiving/1.2d1/oasis_mathml3_dtd/JATS-list1.ent +531 -0
- data/lib/dtd/jats/archiving/1.2d1/oasis_mathml3_dtd/JATS-math1.ent +421 -0
- data/lib/dtd/jats/archiving/1.2d1/oasis_mathml3_dtd/JATS-mathml3-mathmlsetup1.ent +365 -0
- data/lib/dtd/jats/archiving/1.2d1/oasis_mathml3_dtd/JATS-mathml3-modules1.ent +205 -0
- data/lib/dtd/jats/archiving/1.2d1/oasis_mathml3_dtd/JATS-modules1.ent +609 -0
- data/lib/dtd/jats/archiving/1.2d1/oasis_mathml3_dtd/JATS-nlmcitation1.ent +300 -0
- data/lib/dtd/jats/archiving/1.2d1/oasis_mathml3_dtd/JATS-notat1.ent +284 -0
- data/lib/dtd/jats/archiving/1.2d1/oasis_mathml3_dtd/JATS-oasis-namespace1.ent +238 -0
- data/lib/dtd/jats/archiving/1.2d1/oasis_mathml3_dtd/JATS-oasis-tablesetup1.ent +424 -0
- data/lib/dtd/jats/archiving/1.2d1/oasis_mathml3_dtd/JATS-para1.ent +510 -0
- data/lib/dtd/jats/archiving/1.2d1/oasis_mathml3_dtd/JATS-phrase1.ent +536 -0
- data/lib/dtd/jats/archiving/1.2d1/oasis_mathml3_dtd/JATS-references1.ent +1249 -0
- data/lib/dtd/jats/archiving/1.2d1/oasis_mathml3_dtd/JATS-related-object1.ent +298 -0
- data/lib/dtd/jats/archiving/1.2d1/oasis_mathml3_dtd/JATS-section1.ent +339 -0
- data/lib/dtd/jats/archiving/1.2d1/oasis_mathml3_dtd/JATS-xmlspecchars1.ent +404 -0
- data/lib/dtd/jats/archiving/1.2d1/oasis_mathml3_dtd/catalog-jats-v1-2d1-no-base.xml +946 -0
- data/lib/dtd/jats/archiving/1.2d1/oasis_mathml3_dtd/catalog-jats-v1-2d1-with-base.xml +950 -0
- data/lib/dtd/jats/archiving/1.2d1/oasis_mathml3_dtd/iso8879/isobox.ent +61 -0
- data/lib/dtd/jats/archiving/1.2d1/oasis_mathml3_dtd/iso8879/isocyr1.ent +88 -0
- data/lib/dtd/jats/archiving/1.2d1/oasis_mathml3_dtd/iso8879/isocyr2.ent +47 -0
- data/lib/dtd/jats/archiving/1.2d1/oasis_mathml3_dtd/iso8879/isodia.ent +35 -0
- data/lib/dtd/jats/archiving/1.2d1/oasis_mathml3_dtd/iso8879/isolat1.ent +83 -0
- data/lib/dtd/jats/archiving/1.2d1/oasis_mathml3_dtd/iso8879/isolat2.ent +142 -0
- data/lib/dtd/jats/archiving/1.2d1/oasis_mathml3_dtd/iso8879/isonum.ent +97 -0
- data/lib/dtd/jats/archiving/1.2d1/oasis_mathml3_dtd/iso8879/isopub.ent +105 -0
- data/lib/dtd/jats/archiving/1.2d1/oasis_mathml3_dtd/iso9573-13/isoamsa.ent +167 -0
- data/lib/dtd/jats/archiving/1.2d1/oasis_mathml3_dtd/iso9573-13/isoamsb.ent +143 -0
- data/lib/dtd/jats/archiving/1.2d1/oasis_mathml3_dtd/iso9573-13/isoamsc.ent +43 -0
- data/lib/dtd/jats/archiving/1.2d1/oasis_mathml3_dtd/iso9573-13/isoamsn.ent +114 -0
- data/lib/dtd/jats/archiving/1.2d1/oasis_mathml3_dtd/iso9573-13/isoamso.ent +73 -0
- data/lib/dtd/jats/archiving/1.2d1/oasis_mathml3_dtd/iso9573-13/isoamsr.ent +204 -0
- data/lib/dtd/jats/archiving/1.2d1/oasis_mathml3_dtd/iso9573-13/isogrk3.ent +64 -0
- data/lib/dtd/jats/archiving/1.2d1/oasis_mathml3_dtd/iso9573-13/isomfrk.ent +75 -0
- data/lib/dtd/jats/archiving/1.2d1/oasis_mathml3_dtd/iso9573-13/isomopf.ent +49 -0
- data/lib/dtd/jats/archiving/1.2d1/oasis_mathml3_dtd/iso9573-13/isomscr.ent +75 -0
- data/lib/dtd/jats/archiving/1.2d1/oasis_mathml3_dtd/iso9573-13/isotech.ent +182 -0
- data/lib/dtd/jats/archiving/1.2d1/oasis_mathml3_dtd/mathml/mmlalias.ent +564 -0
- data/lib/dtd/jats/archiving/1.2d1/oasis_mathml3_dtd/mathml/mmlextra.ent +122 -0
- data/lib/dtd/jats/archiving/1.2d1/oasis_mathml3_dtd/mathml3-qname1.mod +294 -0
- data/lib/dtd/jats/archiving/1.2d1/oasis_mathml3_dtd/mathml3.dtd +1682 -0
- data/lib/dtd/jats/archiving/1.2d1/oasis_mathml3_dtd/oasis-exchange.ent +449 -0
- data/lib/dtd/jats/archiving/1.2d1/oasis_mathml3_dtd/xhtml-inlstyle-1.mod +34 -0
- data/lib/dtd/jats/archiving/1.2d1/oasis_mathml3_dtd/xhtml-table-1.mod +333 -0
- data/lib/dtd/jats/archiving/1.2d1/oasis_mathml3_dtd/xmlchars/isogrk1.ent +70 -0
- data/lib/dtd/jats/archiving/1.2d1/oasis_mathml3_dtd/xmlchars/isogrk2.ent +41 -0
- data/lib/dtd/jats/archiving/1.2d1/oasis_mathml3_dtd/xmlchars/isogrk4.ent +66 -0
- data/lib/dtd/jats/archiving/2.0/bits_oasis_xhtml_tables_dtd/BITS-book-oasis-custom-classes2.ent +622 -0
- data/lib/dtd/jats/archiving/2.0/bits_oasis_xhtml_tables_dtd/BITS-book-oasis-custom-modules2.ent +336 -0
- data/lib/dtd/jats/archiving/2.0/bits_oasis_xhtml_tables_dtd/BITS-book-oasis2.dtd +761 -0
- data/lib/dtd/jats/archiving/2.0/bits_oasis_xhtml_tables_dtd/BITS-book-part-oasis-wrap2.ent +213 -0
- data/lib/dtd/jats/archiving/2.0/bits_oasis_xhtml_tables_dtd/BITS-book-part-wrap2.ent +214 -0
- data/lib/dtd/jats/archiving/2.0/bits_oasis_xhtml_tables_dtd/BITS-book-part2.ent +802 -0
- data/lib/dtd/jats/archiving/2.0/bits_oasis_xhtml_tables_dtd/BITS-bookcustom-mixes2.ent +371 -0
- data/lib/dtd/jats/archiving/2.0/bits_oasis_xhtml_tables_dtd/BITS-bookcustom-models2.ent +1455 -0
- data/lib/dtd/jats/archiving/2.0/bits_oasis_xhtml_tables_dtd/BITS-bookmeta2.ent +770 -0
- data/lib/dtd/jats/archiving/2.0/bits_oasis_xhtml_tables_dtd/BITS-common2.ent +206 -0
- data/lib/dtd/jats/archiving/2.0/bits_oasis_xhtml_tables_dtd/BITS-embedded-index2.ent +308 -0
- data/lib/dtd/jats/archiving/2.0/bits_oasis_xhtml_tables_dtd/BITS-index2.ent +413 -0
- data/lib/dtd/jats/archiving/2.0/bits_oasis_xhtml_tables_dtd/BITS-question-answer2.ent +531 -0
- data/lib/dtd/jats/archiving/2.0/bits_oasis_xhtml_tables_dtd/BITS-toc-index-nav2.ent +227 -0
- data/lib/dtd/jats/archiving/2.0/bits_oasis_xhtml_tables_dtd/BITS-toc2.ent +337 -0
- data/lib/dtd/jats/archiving/2.0/bits_oasis_xhtml_tables_dtd/BITS-xinclude2.ent +253 -0
- data/lib/dtd/jats/archiving/2.0/bits_oasis_xhtml_tables_dtd/JATS-XHTMLtablesetup1.ent +501 -0
- data/lib/dtd/jats/archiving/2.0/bits_oasis_xhtml_tables_dtd/JATS-ali-namespace1.ent +154 -0
- data/lib/dtd/jats/archiving/2.0/bits_oasis_xhtml_tables_dtd/JATS-articlemeta1.ent +1817 -0
- data/lib/dtd/jats/archiving/2.0/bits_oasis_xhtml_tables_dtd/JATS-backmatter1.ent +393 -0
- data/lib/dtd/jats/archiving/2.0/bits_oasis_xhtml_tables_dtd/JATS-chars1.ent +525 -0
- data/lib/dtd/jats/archiving/2.0/bits_oasis_xhtml_tables_dtd/JATS-common-atts1.ent +221 -0
- data/lib/dtd/jats/archiving/2.0/bits_oasis_xhtml_tables_dtd/JATS-common1.ent +4273 -0
- data/lib/dtd/jats/archiving/2.0/bits_oasis_xhtml_tables_dtd/JATS-default-classes1.ent +1277 -0
- data/lib/dtd/jats/archiving/2.0/bits_oasis_xhtml_tables_dtd/JATS-default-mixes1.ent +455 -0
- data/lib/dtd/jats/archiving/2.0/bits_oasis_xhtml_tables_dtd/JATS-display1.ent +1000 -0
- data/lib/dtd/jats/archiving/2.0/bits_oasis_xhtml_tables_dtd/JATS-format1.ent +858 -0
- data/lib/dtd/jats/archiving/2.0/bits_oasis_xhtml_tables_dtd/JATS-funding1.ent +547 -0
- data/lib/dtd/jats/archiving/2.0/bits_oasis_xhtml_tables_dtd/JATS-journalmeta1.ent +454 -0
- data/lib/dtd/jats/archiving/2.0/bits_oasis_xhtml_tables_dtd/JATS-link1.ent +416 -0
- data/lib/dtd/jats/archiving/2.0/bits_oasis_xhtml_tables_dtd/JATS-list1.ent +494 -0
- data/lib/dtd/jats/archiving/2.0/bits_oasis_xhtml_tables_dtd/JATS-math1.ent +402 -0
- data/lib/dtd/jats/archiving/2.0/bits_oasis_xhtml_tables_dtd/JATS-mathml3-mathmlsetup1.ent +350 -0
- data/lib/dtd/jats/archiving/2.0/bits_oasis_xhtml_tables_dtd/JATS-mathml3-modules1.ent +190 -0
- data/lib/dtd/jats/archiving/2.0/bits_oasis_xhtml_tables_dtd/JATS-modules1.ent +584 -0
- data/lib/dtd/jats/archiving/2.0/bits_oasis_xhtml_tables_dtd/JATS-nlmcitation1.ent +285 -0
- data/lib/dtd/jats/archiving/2.0/bits_oasis_xhtml_tables_dtd/JATS-notat1.ent +269 -0
- data/lib/dtd/jats/archiving/2.0/bits_oasis_xhtml_tables_dtd/JATS-oasis-namespace1.ent +223 -0
- data/lib/dtd/jats/archiving/2.0/bits_oasis_xhtml_tables_dtd/JATS-oasis-tablesetup1.ent +409 -0
- data/lib/dtd/jats/archiving/2.0/bits_oasis_xhtml_tables_dtd/JATS-para1.ent +481 -0
- data/lib/dtd/jats/archiving/2.0/bits_oasis_xhtml_tables_dtd/JATS-phrase1.ent +502 -0
- data/lib/dtd/jats/archiving/2.0/bits_oasis_xhtml_tables_dtd/JATS-references1.ent +1205 -0
- data/lib/dtd/jats/archiving/2.0/bits_oasis_xhtml_tables_dtd/JATS-related-object1.ent +283 -0
- data/lib/dtd/jats/archiving/2.0/bits_oasis_xhtml_tables_dtd/JATS-section1.ent +324 -0
- data/lib/dtd/jats/archiving/2.0/bits_oasis_xhtml_tables_dtd/JATS-xmlspecchars1.ent +389 -0
- data/lib/dtd/jats/archiving/2.0/bits_oasis_xhtml_tables_dtd/Smallsamples/bitso-book-of-parts-oasis.xml +256 -0
- data/lib/dtd/jats/archiving/2.0/bits_oasis_xhtml_tables_dtd/Smallsamples/bitso-book-part1-oasis.xml +384 -0
- data/lib/dtd/jats/archiving/2.0/bits_oasis_xhtml_tables_dtd/Smallsamples/bitso-book-part2-oasis.xml +1342 -0
- data/lib/dtd/jats/archiving/2.0/bits_oasis_xhtml_tables_dtd/Smallsamples/bitso-book-part3-oasis.xml +1293 -0
- data/lib/dtd/jats/archiving/2.0/bits_oasis_xhtml_tables_dtd/Smallsamples/bitso-book-part4-oasis.xml +34 -0
- data/lib/dtd/jats/archiving/2.0/bits_oasis_xhtml_tables_dtd/Smallsamples/bitso-samplesmall-book-oasis.xml +529 -0
- data/lib/dtd/jats/archiving/2.0/bits_oasis_xhtml_tables_dtd/catalog-jats-v1-1-no-base.xml +946 -0
- data/lib/dtd/jats/archiving/2.0/bits_oasis_xhtml_tables_dtd/catalog-jats-v1-1-with-base.xml +951 -0
- data/lib/dtd/jats/archiving/2.0/bits_oasis_xhtml_tables_dtd/iso8879/isobox.ent +61 -0
- data/lib/dtd/jats/archiving/2.0/bits_oasis_xhtml_tables_dtd/iso8879/isocyr1.ent +88 -0
- data/lib/dtd/jats/archiving/2.0/bits_oasis_xhtml_tables_dtd/iso8879/isocyr2.ent +47 -0
- data/lib/dtd/jats/archiving/2.0/bits_oasis_xhtml_tables_dtd/iso8879/isodia.ent +35 -0
- data/lib/dtd/jats/archiving/2.0/bits_oasis_xhtml_tables_dtd/iso8879/isolat1.ent +83 -0
- data/lib/dtd/jats/archiving/2.0/bits_oasis_xhtml_tables_dtd/iso8879/isolat2.ent +142 -0
- data/lib/dtd/jats/archiving/2.0/bits_oasis_xhtml_tables_dtd/iso8879/isonum.ent +97 -0
- data/lib/dtd/jats/archiving/2.0/bits_oasis_xhtml_tables_dtd/iso8879/isopub.ent +105 -0
- data/lib/dtd/jats/archiving/2.0/bits_oasis_xhtml_tables_dtd/iso9573-13/isoamsa.ent +167 -0
- data/lib/dtd/jats/archiving/2.0/bits_oasis_xhtml_tables_dtd/iso9573-13/isoamsb.ent +143 -0
- data/lib/dtd/jats/archiving/2.0/bits_oasis_xhtml_tables_dtd/iso9573-13/isoamsc.ent +43 -0
- data/lib/dtd/jats/archiving/2.0/bits_oasis_xhtml_tables_dtd/iso9573-13/isoamsn.ent +114 -0
- data/lib/dtd/jats/archiving/2.0/bits_oasis_xhtml_tables_dtd/iso9573-13/isoamso.ent +73 -0
- data/lib/dtd/jats/archiving/2.0/bits_oasis_xhtml_tables_dtd/iso9573-13/isoamsr.ent +204 -0
- data/lib/dtd/jats/archiving/2.0/bits_oasis_xhtml_tables_dtd/iso9573-13/isogrk3.ent +64 -0
- data/lib/dtd/jats/archiving/2.0/bits_oasis_xhtml_tables_dtd/iso9573-13/isomfrk.ent +75 -0
- data/lib/dtd/jats/archiving/2.0/bits_oasis_xhtml_tables_dtd/iso9573-13/isomopf.ent +49 -0
- data/lib/dtd/jats/archiving/2.0/bits_oasis_xhtml_tables_dtd/iso9573-13/isomscr.ent +75 -0
- data/lib/dtd/jats/archiving/2.0/bits_oasis_xhtml_tables_dtd/iso9573-13/isotech.ent +182 -0
- data/lib/dtd/jats/archiving/2.0/bits_oasis_xhtml_tables_dtd/mathml/mmlalias.ent +564 -0
- data/lib/dtd/jats/archiving/2.0/bits_oasis_xhtml_tables_dtd/mathml/mmlextra.ent +122 -0
- data/lib/dtd/jats/archiving/2.0/bits_oasis_xhtml_tables_dtd/mathml3-qname1.mod +294 -0
- data/lib/dtd/jats/archiving/2.0/bits_oasis_xhtml_tables_dtd/mathml3.dtd +1682 -0
- data/lib/dtd/jats/archiving/2.0/bits_oasis_xhtml_tables_dtd/oasis-exchange.ent +449 -0
- data/lib/dtd/jats/archiving/2.0/bits_oasis_xhtml_tables_dtd/xhtml-inlstyle-1.mod +34 -0
- data/lib/dtd/jats/archiving/2.0/bits_oasis_xhtml_tables_dtd/xhtml-table-1.mod +333 -0
- data/lib/dtd/jats/archiving/2.0/bits_oasis_xhtml_tables_dtd/xmlchars/isogrk1.ent +70 -0
- data/lib/dtd/jats/archiving/2.0/bits_oasis_xhtml_tables_dtd/xmlchars/isogrk2.ent +41 -0
- data/lib/dtd/jats/archiving/2.0/bits_oasis_xhtml_tables_dtd/xmlchars/isogrk4.ent +66 -0
- data/lib/xml_jats_resolver.rb +4 -0
- data/xml_jats_resolver.gemspec +1 -1
- metadata +150 -3
data/lib/dtd/jats/archiving/2.0/bits_oasis_xhtml_tables_dtd/Smallsamples/bitso-book-part1-oasis.xml
ADDED
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@@ -0,0 +1,384 @@
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1
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+
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
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2
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<!DOCTYPE book-part PUBLIC
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3
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"-//NLM//DTD BITS Book Interchange DTD with OASIS and XHTML Tables v2.0 20151225//EN"
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4
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"../BITS-book-oasis2.dtd">
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5
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<!-- SYSTEM: Book Interchange Tag Suite -->
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6
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<!-- Updated May 2013 for testing -->
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7
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8
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<book-part
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9
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book-part-type="introduction"
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10
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indexed="no"
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11
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seq="1"
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12
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xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"
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13
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xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
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14
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xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" >
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15
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16
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<book-part-meta>
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<book-part-id>Chapter-swsw-1</book-part-id>
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18
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19
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<subj-group>
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20
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<subject>Large Poodles</subject>
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21
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</subj-group>
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22
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23
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<title-group>
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24
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<label>Chapter 1.</label>
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25
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<title>BITS Book Chapter for DTD Testing</title>
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26
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<subtitle>(Still a very small one for parsing)</subtitle>
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27
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<alt-title>Bits chapter the first alternate title</alt-title>
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28
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</title-group>
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29
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30
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<contrib-group>
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31
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<contrib id="pt1-Prime-jjb" rid="pt1-aff-1">
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32
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<name-alternatives>
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33
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<name><surname>Jones</surname>
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34
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<given-names>John Browning</given-names>
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35
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<prefix>The Honorable</prefix><suffix>III</suffix>
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36
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</name>
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37
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<name specific-use="Indexing"><surname>Jones</surname>
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38
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<given-names>JBB</given-names>
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39
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</name>
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40
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<name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ja-Jpan" specific-use="Honorary">
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41
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<surname>flower-characters here</surname>
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42
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<given-names>flower-characters here</given-names>
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43
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</name>
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44
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</name-alternatives>
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45
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</contrib>
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46
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<contrib>
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47
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<name><surname>Jones</surname>
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48
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<given-names>John Browning</given-names>
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49
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<prefix>The Honorable</prefix><suffix>III</suffix>
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50
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</name>
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51
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+
</contrib>
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52
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<aff-alternatives id="pt1-aff-1" >
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53
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<aff><institution xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
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54
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xlink:type="simple">County Jail</institution> down Aberdeen way
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55
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</aff>
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56
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<aff>
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57
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<institution xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
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58
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xlink:type="simple">Montgomery County Jail</institution>
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59
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<uri xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:type="simple"
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xlink:href="http://www.archiemcphee.com">Archie McPhee</uri>
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</aff>
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</aff-alternatives>
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</contrib-group>
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<author-notes>
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<p>All is well, dear child!</p>
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</author-notes>
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<pub-date><year>2012</year></pub-date>
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<issn>000-222-444</issn>
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<isbn>xxx-1</isbn>
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<isbn>1-234 567890-123</isbn>
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<publisher>
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<publisher-name>Mulberry Technologies, Inc.</publisher-name>
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</publisher>
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<pub-history>
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<date date-type="manuscript-received">
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<day>29</day>
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<month>01</month>
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<year>1999</year></date>
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<event>
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<event-desc>43rd printing special gold bindings edition</event-desc>
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<date iso-8601-date="20120401">
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<day>April Fool's Day</day>
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<month>04</month>
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<year>2012</year></date>
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<notes><p>Published as a giveaway for our 16th birthday
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party</p>
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</notes>
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</event>
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</pub-history>
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<permissions>
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<copyright-statement>Copyright © 2012, Mulberry
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Technologies, Inc.</copyright-statement>
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<copyright-year content-type="domestic">2012</copyright-year>
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<copyright-holder>Mulberry
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Technologies, Inc.</copyright-holder>
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</permissions>
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<abstract><p>All the good stuff</p>
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<sec>
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<title>Introduction</title>
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<p>And not for something completely different</p>
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</sec>
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<sec>
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<title>Discussion</title>
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<p>Or maybe not</p>
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</sec>
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<sec>
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<title>Conclusion</title>
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<p>All’s well that ends well.</p>
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</sec>
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</abstract>
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<kwd-group kwd-group-type="author">
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<kwd>DNA analysis</kwd>
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<kwd>gene expression</kwd>
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<kwd>parallel cloning</kwd>
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<kwd>fluid microarray</kwd>
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</kwd-group>
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<funding-group>
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<award-group id="pt1-nih-509">
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<funding-source country="US">NIH</funding-source>
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<award-id>NIH GM61374</award-id>
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<principal-award-recipient>Stanford</principal-award-recipient>
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</award-group>
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</funding-group>
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<funding-group>
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<award-group id="pt1-nsf-510">
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<funding-source country="US">NSF</funding-source>
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<award-id>NSF DBI-0317510</award-id>
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<principal-award-recipient>Berkeley</principal-award-recipient>
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</award-group>
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<award-group id="pt1-arda-511" award-type="contract">
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<funding-source country="US">ARDA ACQUAINT</funding-source>
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<principal-award-recipient>Berkeley</principal-award-recipient>
|
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</award-group>
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<award-group id="pt1-geneentech-512" award-type="gift">
|
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<funding-source country="US">Genentech Corp.</funding-source>
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<principal-award-recipient>Berkeley</principal-award-recipient>
|
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</award-group>
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</funding-group>
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<counts>
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<book-fig-count count="5"/>
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<book-table-count count="3"/>
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<book-equation-count count="10"/>
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<book-ref-count count="26"/>
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<book-page-count count="6"/>
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<book-word-count count="2847"/>
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</counts>
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<notes>
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<p>Always more to say</p>
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</notes>
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</book-part-meta>
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<body>
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<p>This following is an XHTML table, inside a
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Table Wrapper %lt;table-wrap> wrapper, or prehaps
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a lettuce leaf, inside an enigma.</p>
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<p>Multiple paragrpahs are almost always a good idea
|
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to test
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<list list-type="bullet">
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<list-item><p>robustness, and</p></list-item>
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<list-item><p>fortitude.</p></list-item>
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</list></p>
|
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<p>The last paragraph had a bulleted list embedded within it,
|
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imagine that! How clever of it.</p>
|
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|
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<!-- =============== An HTML Table =========== -->
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<table-wrap id="pt1-table-wrap-XHTML" position="anchor">
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<label>Table 1</label>
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<caption><title>A Titled XHTML Table</title>
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<p>Additional caption ’material, which may spread to one or
|
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more paragraphs</p>
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</caption>
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<table>
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<tbody>
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<tr>
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<td>A cell!</td>
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<td>Another</td>
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<td>Still a third></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>2 A cell!</td>
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<td>An xref: <xref ref-type="statement" rid="pt1-statement16">See the
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statement</xref></td>
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<td>2 Still a third></td>
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</tr>
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</tbody>
|
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</table>
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</table-wrap>
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<!-- =============== A Display Formula ======= -->
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<disp-formula>
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<tex-math id="pt1-M1"><![CDATA[\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\usepackage{wasysym}
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\usepackage[substack]{amsmath}
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\usepackage{amssymb}
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\usepackage{amsbsy}
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\usepackage[mathscr]{eucal}
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\usepackage{mathrsfs}
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\DeclareFontFamily{T1}{linotext}{}
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\DeclareFontShape{T1}{linotext}{m}{n} { <-> linotext }{}
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\DeclareSymbolFont{linotext}{T1}{linotext}{m}{n}
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\DeclareSymbolFontAlphabet{\mathLINOTEXT}{linotext}
|
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\begin{document}
|
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+
$$
|
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{\mathrm{Acc/Acc:\hspace{.5em}}}\frac{{\mathit{ade2-202}}}{{\mathit{ADE2}}}\
|
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|
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hspace{.5em}\frac{{\mathit{ura3-59}}}{{\mathit{ura3-59}}}\hspace{.5em}\frac{{\
|
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+
mathit{ADE1}}}{{\mathit{adel-201}}}\hspace{.5em}\frac{{\mathit{ter1-Acc}}}{{\
|
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mathit{ter1-Acc}}}\hspace{.5em}\frac{{\mathit{MATa}}}{{\mathit{MAT{\alpha}}}}
|
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+
$$
|
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|
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\end{document}]]>
|
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</tex-math>
|
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|
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</disp-formula>
|
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|
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<!-- =============== A Section ======= -->
|
|
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|
+
<sec>
|
|
225
|
+
<title>An OASIS Table for testing. Uses a nameswpace with prefrix "oasis"</title>
|
|
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|
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<table-wrap id="pt1-table-wrap-OASIS" position="anchor">
|
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<label>Table 1</label>
|
|
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|
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<caption><title>An OASIS Table</title>
|
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|
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<p>Additional caption material</p>
|
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|
+
</caption>
|
|
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|
+
<oasis:table
|
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|
+
xmlns:oasis="http://www.niso.org/standards/z39-96/ns/oasis-exchange/table" >
|
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|
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<oasis:tgroup cols="3">
|
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|
+
<oasis:colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="2*" colsep="1" rowsep="1" align="left"/>
|
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|
+
<oasis:colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="4*" colsep="1" rowsep="1" align="left"/>
|
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+
<oasis:colspec colnum="3" colname="col3" colwidth="*" colsep="1" rowsep="1" align="right"/>
|
|
237
|
+
<oasis:tbody>
|
|
238
|
+
<oasis:row>
|
|
239
|
+
<oasis:entry>A cell!</oasis:entry>
|
|
240
|
+
<oasis:entry>Another</oasis:entry>
|
|
241
|
+
<oasis:entry>Still a third></oasis:entry>
|
|
242
|
+
</oasis:row>
|
|
243
|
+
<oasis:row>
|
|
244
|
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<oasis:entry>A cell! <bold>the very first cell</bold></oasis:entry>
|
|
245
|
+
<oasis:entry>Another cell with a
|
|
246
|
+
<list list-type="ordered">
|
|
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|
+
<list-item><p>List item the first</p></list-item>
|
|
248
|
+
<list-item><p>List item the second</p></list-item>
|
|
249
|
+
<list-item><p>List item the third</p></list-item>
|
|
250
|
+
</list></oasis:entry>
|
|
251
|
+
<oasis:entry>Still a third></oasis:entry>
|
|
252
|
+
</oasis:row>
|
|
253
|
+
<oasis:row>
|
|
254
|
+
<oasis:entry>2 A cell!</oasis:entry>
|
|
255
|
+
<oasis:entry namest="col2" nameend="col3">An xref: <xref ref-type="statement" rid="pt1-statement16">See the
|
|
256
|
+
statement</xref></oasis:entry>
|
|
257
|
+
<oasis:entry>2 Still a third></oasis:entry>
|
|
258
|
+
</oasis:row>
|
|
259
|
+
</oasis:tbody>
|
|
260
|
+
</oasis:tgroup>
|
|
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|
+
</oasis:table>
|
|
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|
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</table-wrap>
|
|
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|
+
<p>Blah bljaissnmr0w s[8wy 89r wpeu.</p>
|
|
264
|
+
</sec>
|
|
265
|
+
<sec sec-type="methods">
|
|
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|
+
<title>There be statements here.</title>
|
|
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|
+
<statement id="pt1-statement11">
|
|
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|
+
<p>The IDREFs need to point to something</p>
|
|
269
|
+
</statement>
|
|
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|
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<statement id="pt1-statement15">
|
|
271
|
+
<p>No Matter How Wise You Get, Wet Birds Don't
|
|
272
|
+
Fly at Night</p>
|
|
273
|
+
</statement>
|
|
274
|
+
<statement id="pt1-statement16">
|
|
275
|
+
<p>Post Hoc Propter Ergo Hoc</p>
|
|
276
|
+
<p>EM4 cells, stably transfected with Flag-HA-DAT, Myc-His-DAT,
|
|
277
|
+
or both, were reacted with cross-linker and solubilized in Triton X-100
|
|
278
|
+
as above. There is no reason to have this formula,<inline-formula>
|
|
279
|
+
<mml:math><mml:semantics><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mi>Q</mml:mi>
|
|
280
|
+
<mml:mrow><mml:mn>10</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub><mml:mo>=
|
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|
+
</mml:mo><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:mrow>
|
|
282
|
+
<mml:mfrac><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mi>M</mml:mi><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub>
|
|
283
|
+
</mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mi>M</mml:mi><mml:mn>1</mml:mn>
|
|
284
|
+
</mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:mfrac></mml:mrow><mml:mo>)</mml:mo></mml:mrow>
|
|
285
|
+
</mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>10</mml:mn><mml:mo>/</mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mi>T
|
|
286
|
+
</mml:mi><mml:mn>1</mml:mn></mml:msub><mml:mo>-</mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mi>
|
|
287
|
+
T</mml:mi><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:msup></mml:mrow>
|
|
288
|
+
<mml:annotation>Required: content unknown</mml:annotation>
|
|
289
|
+
</mml:semantics></mml:math></inline-formula> here. Five microliters of
|
|
290
|
+
anti-Myc 9E10 (Santa Cruz Biotechnology) was added to 1.0 ml of Triton
|
|
291
|
+
X-100 extracts, and the mixture was incubated for 1 h at 4°C.
|
|
292
|
+
Twenty microliters of rec-protein G Sepharose (Zymed) was added, and the
|
|
293
|
+
mixture was incubated for 1 h at 4°C, washed three times in 0.5
|
|
294
|
+
ml of lysis buffer, and eluted in 45 μl of 2× Laemmli
|
|
295
|
+
sample buffer without reducing agent.</p>
|
|
296
|
+
|
|
297
|
+
</statement>
|
|
298
|
+
</sec>
|
|
299
|
+
<sec sec-type="quiz">
|
|
300
|
+
<question-wrap id="Qw1">
|
|
301
|
+
<question question-response-type="multiple-choice" id="Q1">
|
|
302
|
+
<label>1</label>
|
|
303
|
+
<p>The diagnosis of vasculitis rests upon which of the following?</p>
|
|
304
|
+
<option id="Q1-A" correct="no" content-type="multiple-choice">
|
|
305
|
+
<label>A</label>
|
|
306
|
+
<p>A positive ANCA, PR3, or MPO antibody</p>
|
|
307
|
+
</option>
|
|
308
|
+
<option id="Q1-B" correct="no" content-type="multiple-choice">
|
|
309
|
+
<label>B</label>
|
|
310
|
+
<p>The presence of pulmonary nodules, cavities, and/or infiltrates</p>
|
|
311
|
+
</option>
|
|
312
|
+
<option id="Q1-C" correct="no" content-type="multiple-choice">
|
|
313
|
+
<label>C</label>
|
|
314
|
+
<p>The presence of glomerulonephritis</p>
|
|
315
|
+
</option>
|
|
316
|
+
<option id="Q1-D" correct="yes" content-type="multiple-choice">
|
|
317
|
+
<label>D</label>
|
|
318
|
+
<p>The clinician integrating clinical, laboratory, radiographic, and pathologic data and making a determination that the preponderance of the evidence collectively supports a diagnosis of vasculitis</p>
|
|
319
|
+
</option>
|
|
320
|
+
<option id="Q1-E" correct="no" content-type="multiple-choice">
|
|
321
|
+
<label>E</label>
|
|
322
|
+
<p>Fulfilling the correct number of elements required by specific published vasculitis classification criteria</p>
|
|
323
|
+
</option>
|
|
324
|
+
</question>
|
|
325
|
+
</question-wrap>
|
|
326
|
+
|
|
327
|
+
<question-wrap id="Qw2">
|
|
328
|
+
<question question-response-type="multiple-choice" id="Q2">
|
|
329
|
+
<label>2</label>
|
|
330
|
+
<p>The diagnosis of vasculitis rests upon which of the following?</p>
|
|
331
|
+
<option id="Q2-A" correct="no" content-type="multiple-choice">
|
|
332
|
+
<label>A</label>
|
|
333
|
+
<p>A positive ANCA, PR3, or MPO antibody</p>
|
|
334
|
+
</option>
|
|
335
|
+
<option id="Q2-B" correct="no" content-type="multiple-choice">
|
|
336
|
+
<label>B</label>
|
|
337
|
+
<p>The presence of pulmonary nodules, cavities, and/or infiltrates</p>
|
|
338
|
+
</option>
|
|
339
|
+
<option id="Q2-C" correct="no" content-type="multiple-choice">
|
|
340
|
+
<label>C</label>
|
|
341
|
+
<p>The presence of glomerulonephritis</p>
|
|
342
|
+
</option>
|
|
343
|
+
<option id="Q2-D" correct="yes" content-type="multiple-choice">
|
|
344
|
+
<label>D</label>
|
|
345
|
+
<p>The clinician integrating clinical, laboratory, radiographic, and pathologic data and making a determination that the preponderance of the evidence collectively supports a diagnosis of vasculitis</p>
|
|
346
|
+
</option>
|
|
347
|
+
<option id="Q2-E" correct="no" content-type="multiple-choice">
|
|
348
|
+
<label>E</label>
|
|
349
|
+
<p>Fulfilling the correct number of elements required by specific published vasculitis classification criteria</p>
|
|
350
|
+
</option>
|
|
351
|
+
</question>
|
|
352
|
+
</question-wrap>
|
|
353
|
+
|
|
354
|
+
<question-wrap id="Qw3">
|
|
355
|
+
<question question-response-type="multiple-choice" id="Q3">
|
|
356
|
+
<label>3</label>
|
|
357
|
+
<p>The diagnosis of vasculitis rests upon which of the following?</p>
|
|
358
|
+
<option id="Q3-A" correct="no" content-type="multiple-choice">
|
|
359
|
+
<label>A</label>
|
|
360
|
+
<p>A positive ANCA, PR3, or MPO antibody</p>
|
|
361
|
+
</option>
|
|
362
|
+
<option id="Q3-B" correct="no" content-type="multiple-choice">
|
|
363
|
+
<label>B</label>
|
|
364
|
+
<p>The presence of pulmonary nodules, cavities, and/or infiltrates</p>
|
|
365
|
+
</option>
|
|
366
|
+
<option id="Q3-C" correct="no" content-type="multiple-choice">
|
|
367
|
+
<label>C</label>
|
|
368
|
+
<p>The presence of glomerulonephritis</p>
|
|
369
|
+
</option>
|
|
370
|
+
<option id="Q3-D" correct="yes" content-type="multiple-choice">
|
|
371
|
+
<label>D</label>
|
|
372
|
+
<p>The clinician integrating clinical, laboratory, radiographic, and pathologic data and making a determination that the preponderance of the evidence collectively supports a diagnosis of vasculitis</p>
|
|
373
|
+
</option>
|
|
374
|
+
<option id="Q3-E" correct="no" content-type="multiple-choice">
|
|
375
|
+
<label>E</label>
|
|
376
|
+
<p>Fulfilling the correct number of elements required by specific published vasculitis classification criteria</p>
|
|
377
|
+
</option>
|
|
378
|
+
</question>
|
|
379
|
+
</question-wrap>
|
|
380
|
+
|
|
381
|
+
</sec>
|
|
382
|
+
|
|
383
|
+
</body>
|
|
384
|
+
</book-part>
|
data/lib/dtd/jats/archiving/2.0/bits_oasis_xhtml_tables_dtd/Smallsamples/bitso-book-part2-oasis.xml
ADDED
|
@@ -0,0 +1,1342 @@
|
|
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1
|
+
<?xml version="1.0" ?>
|
|
2
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+
<!DOCTYPE book-part PUBLIC
|
|
3
|
+
"-//NLM//DTD BITS Book Interchange DTD with OASIS and XHTML Tables v2.0 20151225//EN"
|
|
4
|
+
"../BITS-book-oasis2.dtd">
|
|
5
|
+
<!-- SYSTEM: Book Interchange Tag Suite -->
|
|
6
|
+
<!-- Updated May 2013 for testing -->
|
|
7
|
+
|
|
8
|
+
<book-part
|
|
9
|
+
seq="2"
|
|
10
|
+
book-part-type="chapter"
|
|
11
|
+
xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
|
|
12
|
+
xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"
|
|
13
|
+
xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
|
|
14
|
+
|
|
15
|
+
<!-- =============== Front Matter (Metadata) ========== -->
|
|
16
|
+
<book-part-meta>
|
|
17
|
+
<book-part-id>Lapdeb-1</book-part-id>
|
|
18
|
+
<book-part-id book-part-id-type="publisher-id">BITS-Book-Test-chap2</book-part-id>
|
|
19
|
+
<subj-group>
|
|
20
|
+
<subject>Large Dogs</subject>
|
|
21
|
+
</subj-group>
|
|
22
|
+
<title-group>
|
|
23
|
+
<title>BITS Book DTD Test Book for DTD Testing</title>
|
|
24
|
+
<subtitle>(Just a small one for parsing)</subtitle>
|
|
25
|
+
<alt-title>Bits alternate title</alt-title>
|
|
26
|
+
</title-group>
|
|
27
|
+
<pub-date><year>2004</year></pub-date>
|
|
28
|
+
<publisher>
|
|
29
|
+
<publisher-name>Mulberry Technologies, Inc.</publisher-name>
|
|
30
|
+
</publisher>
|
|
31
|
+
<permissions>
|
|
32
|
+
<copyright-year>2004</copyright-year>
|
|
33
|
+
</permissions>
|
|
34
|
+
|
|
35
|
+
<abstract><p>All the good stuff</p>
|
|
36
|
+
<sec>
|
|
37
|
+
<title>Introduction</title>
|
|
38
|
+
<p>And not for something completely different</p>
|
|
39
|
+
</sec>
|
|
40
|
+
<sec>
|
|
41
|
+
<title>Discussion</title>
|
|
42
|
+
<p>Or maybe not</p>
|
|
43
|
+
</sec>
|
|
44
|
+
<sec>
|
|
45
|
+
<title>Conclusion</title>
|
|
46
|
+
<p>All’s well that ends well.</p>
|
|
47
|
+
</sec>
|
|
48
|
+
</abstract>
|
|
49
|
+
</book-part-meta>
|
|
50
|
+
|
|
51
|
+
|
|
52
|
+
<!-- =============== Body Matter (Content) =========== -->
|
|
53
|
+
<body>
|
|
54
|
+
<p>A Body, a book part body!</p>
|
|
55
|
+
<sec sec-type="intro">
|
|
56
|
+
<title>Introduction</title>
|
|
57
|
+
<p>Geriatric day hospitals developed rapidly in the United Kingdom
|
|
58
|
+
in the 1960s as an important component of care provision. The model
|
|
59
|
+
has since been widely applied in several Western countries. Day
|
|
60
|
+
hospitals provide multidisciplinary assessment and rehabilitation
|
|
61
|
+
in an outpatient setting and have a pivotal position between hospital
|
|
62
|
+
and home based services .... We therefore undertook a systematic
|
|
63
|
+
review of the randomized trials of day hospital care.</p>
|
|
64
|
+
</sec>
|
|
65
|
+
<sec>
|
|
66
|
+
<title>Background</title>
|
|
67
|
+
<p>In the last two to three decades, the concept of mindfulness has received increasing
|
|
68
|
+
attention, particularly in the health sciences. Mindfulness is about being aware of actual
|
|
69
|
+
experiences from one moment to the next with gentle acceptance. This concept has been proposed
|
|
70
|
+
to contribute to the coping and recovery process in many health conditions.</p>
|
|
71
|
+
<p>Both clinical as well as basic science researchers have devoted a significant amount of
|
|
72
|
+
study to this topic. Moreover, with rapidly
|
|
73
|
+
mounting evidence regarding the therapeutic capacities of mindfulness practice, medical
|
|
74
|
+
professionals are increasingly incorporating such techniques into their clinical repertoire.
|
|
75
|
+
Probably the best known and evaluated mindfulness-based treatment is the Mindfulness-Based
|
|
76
|
+
Stress Reduction (MBSR) that is used in many clinical settings in the US and Canada and
|
|
77
|
+
evermore, in Europe </p>
|
|
78
|
+
<p>Yet, integrating mindfulness into existing therapeutic concepts may challenge medical
|
|
79
|
+
professionals' usual practices for number of reasons. First and foremost, mindfulness
|
|
80
|
+
approaches do not aim at symptom reduction. Fundamentally, mindfulness is not intended to
|
|
81
|
+
explicitly eradicate pain, distress, or unwanted emotions. However, philosophically and
|
|
82
|
+
practically, medical professionals endeavor to reduce suffering. If mindfulness does not aim
|
|
83
|
+
at reducing symptoms, then how can it be helpful? In this essay, we argue that while
|
|
84
|
+
mindfulness is not meant to actively reduce symptoms, it may passively modify their impact
|
|
85
|
+
by changing an individual's perceptions and mindset. Mindfulness is a set of practices, if
|
|
86
|
+
not a "way of being" that may incur salutogenic (i.e., health-promoting) effects. This may
|
|
87
|
+
lead to a misconception of what mindfulness is, and how it works. We believe that some of
|
|
88
|
+
the apparently contradictory aspects of mindfulness can be best understood by taking a
|
|
89
|
+
dialectical approach. It is not a new idea to explain psychological health-related processes
|
|
90
|
+
through the use of paradoxical or dialectical approaches. Indeed, we propose that the dialectical structure of mindfulness hallmarks its
|
|
91
|
+
essence, which may easily be misunderstood in clinical practice.</p>
|
|
92
|
+
<p>The dialectical approach is quite different from the conventional approach of symptom
|
|
93
|
+
evaluation. The conventional approach uses the current logic: a symptom is either good or
|
|
94
|
+
bad; present or absent; relevant or not. The dialectical approach stresses that each thesis
|
|
95
|
+
also has to be considered in the light of its opposite (the antithesis), and only both
|
|
96
|
+
facets together (the synthesis) yield a full picture. In this light, depression might be a
|
|
97
|
+
sign of a disorder that should be mitigated. But at the same time, it must be acknowledged
|
|
98
|
+
that there are inner experiences that cannot be controlled or altered "at will". Hence,
|
|
99
|
+
although the phenomenal quality of going through depression may not be altered, a patient's
|
|
100
|
+
<italic>relation </italic>towards relevant inner states relevant to depression may be
|
|
101
|
+
changed due to mindfulness or other forms of spiritual exercise [<xref ref-type="bibr"
|
|
102
|
+
rid="B6">6</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref>].</p>
|
|
103
|
+
<p>Herein, we first elaborate on the dialectical structure of mindfulness by providing an
|
|
104
|
+
overview of 1) the theoretical foundation of the construct, 2) evidence of the clinical
|
|
105
|
+
effectiveness, and 3) putative neurobiological correlates of mindfulness. We then introduce
|
|
106
|
+
five dialectical positions that we believe are useful for resolving the apparent paradox
|
|
107
|
+
associated with mindfulness and its relevant mechanisms of action. Finally, on the basis of
|
|
108
|
+
this discussion, we derive the utility and implications of mindfulness for medicine, and
|
|
109
|
+
address potential caveats.</p>
|
|
110
|
+
<sec>
|
|
111
|
+
<title>Roots of the concept of mindfulness</title>
|
|
112
|
+
<p>Mindfulness is an old concept; its theoretical roots were formulated by the Buddha, who
|
|
113
|
+
characterized himself as a physician. He stated that his primary work was to identify the
|
|
114
|
+
maladies afflicting humankind, and to establish a way through which every individual could
|
|
115
|
+
attain lasting absence from suffering rather than complete well-being [<xref
|
|
116
|
+
ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref>]. He claimed that mere belief and rational reasoning
|
|
117
|
+
were not sufficient to mitigate suffering. He proposed mindfulness as a "direct way" to
|
|
118
|
+
confront suffering by transcending it. Interestingly, the Buddha did not aim to establish
|
|
119
|
+
an institutionalized form for disseminating his insights, such as a sect or a religion.
|
|
120
|
+
His devotion to the self-reliance and self-dependence of each individual also demonstrates
|
|
121
|
+
the very essence of mindfulness: "Do not believe in anything because it is rumored and
|
|
122
|
+
spoken by many" [[<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref>] p. 137]. He called for
|
|
123
|
+
accepting only what one has analyzed by direct and immediate experience. On this basis,
|
|
124
|
+
mindfulness can be described by its two inter-related facets: (1) the capacity to
|
|
125
|
+
dispassionately observe the present moment, through (2) a stance of non-judgmental and
|
|
126
|
+
accepting openness [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr"
|
|
127
|
+
rid="B11">11</xref>].</p>
|
|
128
|
+
<p>Unlike the contemporary practice of medicine that can be seen as "objective" and a
|
|
129
|
+
mediated "third person perspective", mindfulness is experienced in the subjective and
|
|
130
|
+
immediate "first person perspective", or by means of direct and unbiased introspection.
|
|
131
|
+
Historically, this epistemological approach has also been part of the work of the
|
|
132
|
+
psychologists Franz Brentano, William James, (and to some extent) Wilhelm Wundt and his
|
|
133
|
+
disciple Edward Titchener, as well as by the phenomenologist Edmund Husserl [<xref
|
|
134
|
+
ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref>]. The
|
|
135
|
+
dialogical <italic>I-Thou </italic>philosophy of Martin Buber also evidences similarities
|
|
136
|
+
to the concept of mindfulness [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref>].</p>
|
|
137
|
+
<p>Some scholars claim that the methodology of the science of inner experiences is not well
|
|
138
|
+
developed [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15"
|
|
139
|
+
>15</xref>] and that the phenomenological properties of inner experiences of
|
|
140
|
+
consciousness cannot be shared. By contrast, the epistemological grounding of mindfulness
|
|
141
|
+
- particularly to the Buddhist tradition - holds that great insight can be derived from
|
|
142
|
+
first person approaches that are also valid from an intersubjective point of view [<xref
|
|
143
|
+
ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref>]. For example, prolonged practice of mindfulness may
|
|
144
|
+
develop the ability to dissect experiences into more subtle parts thereby revealing the
|
|
145
|
+
transient nature of perceptions [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref>].</p>
|
|
146
|
+
</sec>
|
|
147
|
+
<sec>
|
|
148
|
+
<title>Clinical effectiveness and neurobiological correlates of mindfulness</title>
|
|
149
|
+
<p>A body of research suggests that the facilitation of mindfulness has a positive impact on
|
|
150
|
+
a variety of mental health symptoms, such as stress, anxiety, some personality disorders,
|
|
151
|
+
chronic pain, and substance abuse. To date, several meta-analyses substantiate such
|
|
152
|
+
clinical effects [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18"
|
|
153
|
+
>18</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref>]. Additionally, there is evidence
|
|
154
|
+
that mindfulness has an impact on endocrinological and neurophysiological function. For
|
|
155
|
+
example, Davidson and colleagues found a greater increase in antibody titers after
|
|
156
|
+
vaccination in individuals practicing mindfulness on a regular basis as compared to
|
|
157
|
+
non-practitioners [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B20">20</xref>]. More recently, in a
|
|
158
|
+
randomized trial, Tang et al. [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B21">21</xref>] found that
|
|
159
|
+
mindfulness practitioners showed more regional cerebral blood flow in the right anterior
|
|
160
|
+
cingulate cortex (ACC), including the subgenual ACC (Brodmann area (BA) 25), and adjacent
|
|
161
|
+
ventral ACC (BA 32), the left insula, occipital lobule, right posterior cingulate cortex,
|
|
162
|
+
right precuneus, and subcortical structures of the putamen and caudate. These brain areas
|
|
163
|
+
have been related to emotional regulation [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B22">22</xref>].
|
|
164
|
+
Also, both Lazar et al. [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B23">23</xref>] and Hölzel et al.
|
|
165
|
+
[<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B24">24</xref>] demonstrated that mindfulness may be
|
|
166
|
+
associated with an increase of gray matter which persists longitudinally in certain brain
|
|
167
|
+
areas. These researchers found that gray matter concentration in the left inferior
|
|
168
|
+
temporal gyrus was correlated with meditative proficiency, corroborating the assumption of
|
|
169
|
+
a positive impact of meditation training on gray matter concentration in this region
|
|
170
|
+
[<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B25">25</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B26">26</xref>].
|
|
171
|
+
These results suggest that the ability of mindfulness to influence emotional state has not
|
|
172
|
+
only a neurological base, but that mindfulness training - according to neuroplasticity
|
|
173
|
+
paradigm - may actually influence the structural composition of the brain.</p>
|
|
174
|
+
</sec>
|
|
175
|
+
<sec>
|
|
176
|
+
<title>Resolving the Paradox: The Dialectics of Mindfulness</title>
|
|
177
|
+
<p>In the following sections we discuss five aspects of mindfulness that are all related to
|
|
178
|
+
the underlying dialectical principle. In our view, these five dialectical aspects are a
|
|
179
|
+
valuable way to address the apparent paradoxical structure of the construct.</p>
|
|
180
|
+
</sec>
|
|
181
|
+
<sec>
|
|
182
|
+
<title>Dialectics of Activity vs. Passivity</title>
|
|
183
|
+
<p>Mindfulness can be considered as a provokingly passive method. Mindfulness teachers
|
|
184
|
+
explain the practice of mindfulness as "one simply examines every phenomenon" [[<xref
|
|
185
|
+
ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref>] p. 95]. And, more illuminatingly, "the entire
|
|
186
|
+
effort is to learn how not to react" [[<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref>] p. 97].
|
|
187
|
+
Mindfulness implies calmly observing unwanted inner or outer experiences. Psychologically,
|
|
188
|
+
this means that the drives related to appetitive or aversive stimuli must be voluntarily
|
|
189
|
+
suspended to the most possible extent. The first drive has been termed "approach
|
|
190
|
+
motivation" and the latter "avoidance motivation" [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B27"
|
|
191
|
+
>27</xref>]. Probably the most obvious difference to other treatments commonly employed,
|
|
192
|
+
is that mindfulness advocates suspending cognitive, emotional or behavioral actions when
|
|
193
|
+
facing negative experiences. In devising the antithesis, mindfulness seeks to engage a
|
|
194
|
+
mechanism known as "apperception" a mental process that is responsible for perceiving,
|
|
195
|
+
gauging, adopting and transforming an individual's experiences in order to create a new
|
|
196
|
+
conscious concept based upon former experiences as well as inner states of the mind.
|
|
197
|
+
Mindfulness involves meticulous and continuous observation of the prevalent sensory and
|
|
198
|
+
mental processes by means of being fully present: Every moment and detail of a given
|
|
199
|
+
experience is to be observed scrupulously, without cognitive and emotional evaluation of
|
|
200
|
+
the respective event. This process involves a high degree of alertness and activity [<xref
|
|
201
|
+
ref-type="bibr" rid="B28">28</xref>]. Hence, we claim that mindfulness is at the same
|
|
202
|
+
time a way of being passive (with regard to gauging and reacting towards external stimuli)
|
|
203
|
+
and of being active (with regard to observing the present moment and the accompanying
|
|
204
|
+
inner states of mind). By means of reconfiguring the cognitively active and passive
|
|
205
|
+
components, the thesis and antithesis of seemingly contradicting processes are resolved,
|
|
206
|
+
and mindfulness can be regarded as a synthesis.</p>
|
|
207
|
+
</sec>
|
|
208
|
+
<sec>
|
|
209
|
+
<title>Dialectics of Wanting vs. Non-wanting</title>
|
|
210
|
+
<p>Some authors argue that mindfulness is a "non-striving" state of being, thereby
|
|
211
|
+
precluding goal-oriented behavior [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B29">29</xref>]. In other
|
|
212
|
+
words, it is held that being mindful contradicts wanting, aspiring, or desiring something.
|
|
213
|
+
These authors state that during a deep state of mindfulness, a person has no goals and
|
|
214
|
+
does not want for anything during the time of practice. Although this concept may be
|
|
215
|
+
appealing, we doubt that an individual can be in a state in which she does not want
|
|
216
|
+
anything at all, at least in situations that entail active behavior. How could a person be
|
|
217
|
+
motivated to begin and stay within a mindful state? The fact that an individual starts or
|
|
218
|
+
continues a mindfulness exercise from one moment to the next explicitly shows that she
|
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<italic>does </italic>aspire to be mindful. Additionally, why should one engage
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mindfulness meditation at all? Would she not aspire to achieve a certain goal implicitly
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or explicitly associated with this technique? Hence, upholding mindfulness practice cannot
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be simply equated with "non-wanting", but rather implies wanting to achieve something such
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as reducing suffering and distress or gaining essential insights to phenomenological
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experience. At the same time, we admit that the mindfulness antithesis is at odds with a
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certain understanding of what "wanting" comprises. To be more precise, "unconditional
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wanting" is the opposite of mindfulness as it refers to a mental state where something is
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sought after to such a degree that not achieving the desired state would lead to
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dissatisfaction. It has been argued that unconditional wanting leads to breakdown of inner
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balance if the desired state is not achieved [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref>].
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In fact, even if a person reaches the intended goal, the mind cannot be balanced,
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according to the theory of mindfulness, if the wanting is too strong. Both unconditional
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wanting or craving ("I must have this!") and aversion ("This must go away!") are forms of
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non-mindful states. Hence, the synthesis of the wanting-non-wanting dialectics reveals
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that a "gentle" form of wanting reflects the volitional processes underlying mindfulness,
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whereas "unconditional" wanting (both craving and aversion) cannot conform to the
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philosophy of mindfulness.</p>
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</sec>
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<sec>
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<title>Dialectics of Therapeutic Change vs. Non-Change</title>
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<p>Medical professionals strive to alleviate suffering. Many medical professionals have used
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mindfulness techniques in order to lessen the suffering of the patients they treat [<xref
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ref-type="bibr" rid="B30">30</xref>]. Yet, mindfulness theory claims that pain and
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related symptoms must be accepted by embracing them with an attitude of equanimity.
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Accordingly, if this aspect of mindfulness is cultivated, there is no longer any real
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argument for changing inferior and negative sensations, emotions, or symptoms. This is a
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critical but often misunderstood aspect of mindfulness that rests upon the fact that
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changing one's relation to the symptom has been mistaken for changing the symptom.
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Empirical research indicates that mindfulness training leads to a reduction of pain and
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anxiety [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B31">31</xref>], not by directly lessening symptoms,
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but by changing patients' attitudes toward them. Hayes et al. [<xref ref-type="bibr"
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rid="B32">32</xref>] describe that mindfulness aims at establishing a psychological
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stance of preparedness in which formerly unwanted feelings can be accepted. To give an
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example, anxiety is not necessarily a problem, if anxiety is embraced with the right state
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of mind. Simply, if one is able to accept anxiety, anxiety gradually loses its effect,
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simply because it can be contained; finally, the degree of fear will decrease as a result
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of reduced emotional impact. Thus, mindfulness is about being aware of experience, and
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gently accepting it. The finding that mindfulness reduces psychosomatic symptoms may be
|
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explained by two mechanisms. First, if a symptom of distress, such as anxiety, is
|
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subjectively accepted and embraced rather than resisted, it becomes less threatening. This
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is likely the reason why decreased levels of distress, anxiety, and depression are
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reported after mindfulness interventions. Second, as such symptoms become less important,
|
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behavioral changes associated with decline of symptoms become more probable [<xref
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ref-type="bibr" rid="B33">33</xref>].</p>
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<p>Recent research has shed light upon the possible mechanisms of mindfulness. Kohls, Sauer,
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and Walach described two main aspects of mindfulness, i.e., "presence" (attending to the
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present moment) and "acceptance" (non-judgmental attitude) [<xref ref-type="bibr"
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rid="B10">10</xref>]. Their work suggested that presence is a way to instill an attitude
|
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of acceptance, which is in turn responsible for buffering distress. It appears that
|
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presence itself does not buffer distress but allows one to build the non-judgmental
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attitude that seems to be responsible for health-relevant effects.</p>
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<p>Taken together, the synthesis of change and no-change distinguishes between what is
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changed through the practice of mindfulness - an emotional connection with the symptom -
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and what is (primarily) unchanged - the symptom itself. As changes in the symptom itself
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are not intended, mindfulness may be understood as a transformation of the
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<italic>relationship </italic>between self and symptom.</p>
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</sec>
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<sec>
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<title>Dialectics of Non-judging vs. Non-Reacting</title>
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<p>A facet of the definition of mindfulness is "non-judging", which has been advocated by
|
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Kabat-Zinn [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B34">34</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B35"
|
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>35</xref>] and subsequently more widely accepted [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B29"
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>29</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B36">36</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B37"
|
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|
+
>37</xref>]. However, we suggest a word of caution here. Let us start by posing a
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question. Is it possible to cognitively perceive something and concomitantly to abstain
|
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from all judgments? To answer this question, it is necessary to understand judging.
|
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Literature on perception and cognitive psychology suggests that judging primarily entails
|
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+
identifying a perception as representative of a certain mental category (e.g., sparrow as
|
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+
a bird) [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B38">38</xref>]. The relevant category has different
|
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+
attributes including a valence continuum (from "I like it" to "I don't like it") with
|
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+
various degrees of intensity. It is unlikely that a well-learned category attribute
|
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+
("weapons - not good") can be easily abandoned, if at all. We suggest that mindfulness in
|
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the first instance should not be equated with the <italic>cognitive </italic>aspect of
|
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non-judging.</p>
|
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<p>Rather, we propose that mindfulness is primarily concerned with the
|
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<italic>emotional-motivational </italic>component of non-judging. Consider the following
|
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+
thought experiment. Imagine the possibility that you will not be eating your favorite food
|
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|
+
in the next months. This is not something agreeable; yet, although one would not want this
|
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+
to happen (i.e., cognitive judging occurs), it is possible to stay emotionally calm, and
|
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299
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+
to remain contented despite this unwanted imagination (i.e., no emotional reaction). This
|
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|
+
emotionally calm state has been termed "balanced mind" - the fact that one does not react
|
|
301
|
+
emotionally when facing an unfavorable experience [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17"
|
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|
+
>17</xref>]. The opposite behavior would imply generation of emotions of dislike or
|
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+
craving. As a result, an urge - a specific emotional-motivational tendency - to
|
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304
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+
behaviorally react may arise. This reaction may entail either behavior to strengthen the
|
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305
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+
favored experience, or weaken it, if it is disliked. Together, the emotional and
|
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306
|
+
motivational reactions become mutually reinforcing in a positive feedback loop. This may
|
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307
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+
explain how such urges gain strength. Associated cognitions will likely accompany this
|
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308
|
+
process.</p>
|
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+
<p>This is why a so-called unbalanced mind - primarily an emotional-motivational process -
|
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|
+
may lead to cognitions that are judging ("I hate this!"). This rationale provides some
|
|
311
|
+
explanation why judging is incongruent with mindfulness, although judging is a secondary
|
|
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|
+
reaction or an epiphenomenon to mindfulness. Mindfulness is characterized by not showing
|
|
313
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+
reactive behavior or not indulging in emotions of craving and aversion. We do not argue
|
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314
|
+
for causal orders of evaluative cognitions and emotions. It may well be the case that
|
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315
|
+
specific cognitions exhibit associated emotions or vice versa [<xref ref-type="bibr"
|
|
316
|
+
rid="B39">39</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B41">41</xref>]. Rather, our point is
|
|
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|
+
that a mindful state depends primarily on emotional calm, and only secondarily on the
|
|
318
|
+
absence of evaluative cognitions. That means that one may calmly think "I don't like this
|
|
319
|
+
at all" and still be mindful. Indeed, one cannot be upset and mindful at the same
|
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+
time.</p>
|
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+
</sec>
|
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+
<sec>
|
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323
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+
<title>Dialectics of Active Acceptance vs. Passive Acceptance</title>
|
|
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|
+
<p>Most authors in the field of mindfulness research consider "acceptance" as one of the
|
|
325
|
+
major aspects of mindfulness, together with a form of directing the attention to the
|
|
326
|
+
present moment. In this light, some, such as Kabat-Zinn, hold that mindfulness "includes
|
|
327
|
+
an affectionate, compassionate quality" [[<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B34">34</xref>] p.
|
|
328
|
+
145]. This conception may be interpreted as "active approval" of what is being
|
|
329
|
+
experienced. This describes a stance of "the present experience is good" which includes
|
|
330
|
+
emotional, motivational and evaluative aspects. But how can one approve <italic>all
|
|
331
|
+
</italic>situations or experiences? This is seemingly illogical. In contrast to this
|
|
332
|
+
assumption, we believe that mindfulness does not involve such "active" acceptance. We
|
|
333
|
+
opine that the concept of "passive acceptance" is consistent with the essential idea of
|
|
334
|
+
mindfulness, and simply suggests that one suspends or weakens evaluative cognitions and
|
|
335
|
+
emotional reactions in a given situation. There is a subtle but crucial difference between
|
|
336
|
+
the two concepts. The former assumes that one should actively strive to see the proverbial
|
|
337
|
+
silver lining in all situations, although this may be contradictory to an individual's
|
|
338
|
+
ethical or philosophical grounding. The latter view, in contrast, assumes that although we
|
|
339
|
+
may not be able to escape a given situation, we may withhold our emotional or evaluative
|
|
340
|
+
reactions, thereby possibly reducing the aversive character of a given situation. In other
|
|
341
|
+
words, not accepting something does not necessarily imply rejecting it.</p>
|
|
342
|
+
<p>Thus, the difference between active and passive acceptance can be formalized by the
|
|
343
|
+
concept(s) of passive and active negation [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B42">42</xref>]. To
|
|
344
|
+
give an example, the active negation of "I love you" is "I hate you", whereas the passive
|
|
345
|
+
negation is "I don't love you". In more formal terms, the active statement "A is p" may be
|
|
346
|
+
negated by the active negation "A is (not p)" as well as by its passive negation "Not (A
|
|
347
|
+
is p)". In sum, the synthesis suggests that mindfulness is the absence of reacting towards
|
|
348
|
+
a given experience, but not the unconditional and active, rather naïve acceptance of
|
|
349
|
+
a given experience.</p>
|
|
350
|
+
</sec>
|
|
351
|
+
</sec>
|
|
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|
+
</body>
|
|
353
|
+
|
|
354
|
+
<!-- =============== Back Matter (Ancillary) ======= -->
|
|
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|
+
<back>
|
|
356
|
+
|
|
357
|
+
<ack><p>We thank all of them as well .</p></ack>
|
|
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|
+
<notes></notes>
|
|
359
|
+
|
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+
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1315
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<ref-list>
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1316
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<title>Additional Reading</title>
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1317
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+
<p>Just a reference or two for testing:</p>
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1318
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<ref>
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1319
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+
<!-- ========== -->
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1320
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+
<mixed-citation>A citation ain't nothing but a
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1321
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sandwich — personal communication
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1322
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</mixed-citation>
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</ref>
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1324
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<!-- ========== -->
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1325
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<ref>
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<mixed-citation>
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<name>
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1328
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<surname>Piggy</surname>
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1329
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<prefix>Ms.</prefix></name>
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1330
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<article-title>Can't Help Lovin’ That
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1331
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Frog of Mine</article-title>;
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1332
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<source>Swine Review</source>, <issue>145</issue>:
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1333
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+
<fpage>12</fpage>–<lpage>24</lpage>;
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1334
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+
<year>2003</year>.
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1335
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+
<trans-title xml:lang="en">Ant-cay Elp-hay
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1336
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+
Ovin’-lay At-thay Og-fray of-ay Ine-may</trans-title>
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1337
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+
</mixed-citation>
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1338
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</ref>
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1339
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</ref-list>
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1340
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</back>
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1341
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+
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1342
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+
</book-part>
|