when_exe 0.4.1 → 0.4.2

data/lib/when_exe/timestandard.rb

@@ -1,707 +1,708 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-=begin
-  Copyright (C) 2011-2014 Takashi SUGA
-
-  You may use and/or modify this file according to the license described in the LICENSE.txt file included in this archive.
-=end
-
-#
-# 標準的な時刻系の定義
-#
-module When::TimeStandard
-
-  # TT(Terrestrial Time) - UTC(Universal Time, Coordinated) at 1970-01-01T00:00:00Z
-  DeltaT0 = (40 + 377.0/2048) * When::TM::Duration::SECOND
-
-  TAI_UTC = # http://maia.usno.navy.mil/ser7/tai-utc.dat
-    [[2437300.5,  1.422818, 37300.0, 0.001296 ],
-     [2437512.5,  1.372818, 37300.0, 0.001296 ],
-     [2437665.5,  1.845858, 37665.0, 0.0011232],
-     [2438334.5,  1.945858, 37665.0, 0.0011232],
-     [2438395.5,  3.24013,  38761.0, 0.001296 ],
-     [2438486.5,  3.34013,  38761.0, 0.001296 ],
-     [2438639.5,  3.44013,  38761.0, 0.001296 ],
-     [2438761.5,  3.54013,  38761.0, 0.001296 ],
-     [2438820.5,  3.64013,  38761.0, 0.001296 ],
-     [2438942.5,  3.74013,  38761.0, 0.001296 ],
-     [2439004.5,  3.84013,  38761.0, 0.001296 ],
-     [2439126.5,  4.31317,  39126.0, 0.002592 ],
-     [2439887.5,  4.21317,  39126.0, 0.002592 ],
-     [2441317.5, 10.0],
-     [2441499.5, 11.0],
-     [2441683.5, 12.0],
-     [2442048.5, 13.0],
-     [2442413.5, 14.0],
-     [2442778.5, 15.0],
-     [2443144.5, 16.0],
-     [2443509.5, 17.0],
-     [2443874.5, 18.0],
-     [2444239.5, 19.0],
-     [2444786.5, 20.0],
-     [2445151.5, 21.0],
-     [2445516.5, 22.0],
-     [2446247.5, 23.0],
-     [2447161.5, 24.0],
-     [2447892.5, 25.0],
-     [2448257.5, 26.0],
-     [2448804.5, 27.0],
-     [2449169.5, 28.0],
-     [2449534.5, 29.0],
-     [2450083.5, 30.0],
-     [2450630.5, 31.0],
-     [2451179.5, 32.0],
-     [2453736.5, 33.0],
-     [2454832.5, 34.0],
-     [2456109.5, 35.0]]
-
-  DeltaT  = [                                                                63.467, # 1999
-     63.827, 64.092, 64.300, 64.473, 64.573, 64.689, 64.846, 65.145, 65.456, 65.779, # 2000-
-     66.070, 66.324, 66.603, 66.909                                                  # 2010-
-  ]
-
-  class << self
-    # When::TimeStandard Module のグローバルな設定を行う
-    #
-    # @param [String] leap_seconds http://maia.usno.navy.mil/ser7/tai-utc.dat 形式のファイルのファイルパス
-    # @param [Array<Array<Numeric>>] leap_seconds 閏秒の挿入記録 [ [ JD, TAI-UTC, (MJD, OFFSET) ] ]
-    #   [ JD      - 閏秒を挿入した日時のユリウス日 ]
-    #   [ TAI-UTC - 閏秒を挿入後の TAI と UTC の差 ]
-    #   [ MJD     - 周波数オフセットの基準となる日時の修正ユリウス日 ]
-    #   [ OFFSET  - 周波数オフセット値 ]
-    #
-    # @return [void]
-    #
-    # @note
-    #   本メソッドでマルチスレッド対応の管理変数の初期化を行っている。
-    #   このため、本メソッド自体はスレッドセーフでない。
-    #
-    def _setup_(leap_seconds=nil)
-      @_lock_ = Mutex.new if When.multi_thread
-      leap_seconds ||= TAI_UTC
-      @leap_seconds  =
-        if leap_seconds.kind_of?(String)
-          OpenURI
-          open(leap_seconds) do |file|
-            file.read.split(/[\n\r]+/).map { |line|
-              line.split(/[^\d.]+/)[3..6].map {|d| d.to_f}
-            }.reverse
-          end
-        else
-          leap_seconds.reverse
-        end
-    end
-
-    # 設定情報を取得する
-    #
-    # @return [Hash] 設定情報
-    #
-    def _setup_info
-      {:leap_seconds => _leap_seconds}
-    end
-
-    # @private
-    # 閏秒の挿入記録を取得する
-    def _leap_seconds
-      @leap_seconds ||= TAI_UTC.reverse
-    end
-
-    # 処理系が閏秒を無視しているか否か
-    # @private
-    def _is_systemtime_universal?
-      @is_systemtime_universal = ((Time.utc(1976).to_i - Time.utc(1975).to_i) % 86400 == 0) if @is_systemtime_universal == nil
-      @is_systemtime_universal
-    end
-
-    # ΔT
-    #
-    # @param [Numeric] jd_utc ユリウス日(Universal Time, Coordinated)
-    #
-    # @return [Numeric] (dynamical_time - universal_time) / second
-    #     1/2048 second(≒0.5ms)未満を四捨五入
-    #
-    def delta_t(jd_utc)
-      (delta_t_coordinated(jd_utc) * 4096 + 1).floor / 4096.0
-    end
-    alias :deltaT :delta_t
-
-    # ΔT - 閏秒による(TT-UTC)
-    #
-    # @param [Numeric] jd_utc ユリウス日(Universal Time, Coordinated)
-    #
-    # @return [Numeric] (Terrestrial Time - Universal Time, Coordinated) / second
-    #
-    def delta_t_coordinated(jd_utc)
-      list = _leap_seconds
-      list.each do |v|
-        if jd_utc >= v[0]
-          result  = 32.184 + v[1]
-          result += (jd_utc - (2400000.5 + v[2])) * v[3] unless (v[3]||0) == 0
-          return result
-        end
-      end
-      delta_t_observed(jd_utc)
-    end
-
-    # ΔT - 観測による(TT-UT1) mix of Table and NASA
-    #
-    # @param [Numeric] jd_utc ユリウス日(Universal Time, Coordinated)
-    #
-    # @return [Numeric] (Terrestrial Time - Universal Time 1) / second
-    #
-    def delta_t_observed(jd_utc)
-      year = (jd_utc - When::Ephemeris::EPOCH2000)/When::Ephemeris::JYEAR + 2000 # 0年からの経過世紀
-      return delta_t_observed_poly(year) unless 2000 <= year && year < 2050
-      return delta_t_observed_poly(year) + DeltaThreshold * (year - 2050.0) / (YearThreshold - 2050.0) if year >= YearThreshold
-
-      i = (year-1999.0).floor             # 1999年からの経過年(整数)
-      n    = year % 1
-      d0   = DeltaT[i+0] - DeltaT[i-1]
-      d1   = DeltaT[i+1] - DeltaT[i+0]
-      d2   = DeltaT[i+2] - DeltaT[i+1]
-      d10  = d1  - d0
-      d21  = d2  - d1
-      d210 = d21 - d10
-      DeltaT[i] + n*d1 + n*(n-1.0)/4.0*(d10+d21) + n*(n-1.0)*(n-0.5)/6.0*d210
-    end
-
-    # ΔT - 観測による(TT-UT1) from http://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/SEhelp/deltatpoly2004.html
-    #
-    # @param [Numeric] jd_utc ユリウス日(Universal Time, Coordinated)
-    #
-    # @return [Numeric] (Terrestrial Time - Universal Time 1) / second
-    #
-    def delta_t_observed_nasa(jd_utc)
-      delta_t_observed_poly((jd_utc - When::Ephemeris::EPOCH2000)/When::Ephemeris::JYEAR + 2000.0) # 0年からの経過年
-    end
-
-    # 多項式による近似
-    def delta_t_observed_poly(year)
-      u    = (year-1820)/100
-
-      # 2150 ... 3000
-      if    year >= 2150
-        -20 + 32 * u**2
-
-      # 2050 ... 2150
-      elsif year >= 2050
-        -20 + 32 * u**2 - 0.5628 * (2150 - year)
-
-      # 2005 ... 2050
-      elsif year >= 2005
-        t = year - 2000
-        62.92 + 0.32217 * t + 0.005589 * t**2
-
-      # 1986 ... 2005
-      elsif year >= 1986
-        t = year - 2000
-        63.86 + 0.3345 * t - 0.060374 * t**2 + 0.0017275 * t**3 + 0.000651814 * t**4 + 0.00002373599 * t**5
-
-      # 1961 ... 1986
-      elsif year >= 1961
-        t = year - 1975
-       45.45 + 1.067*t - t**2/260 - t**3 / 718
-
-      # 1941 ... 1961
-      elsif year >= 1941
-        t = year - 1950
-        29.07 + 0.407*t - t**2/233 + t**3 / 2547
-
-      # 1920 ... 1941
-      elsif year >= 1920
-        t = year - 1920
-        21.20 + 0.84493*t - 0.076100 * t**2 + 0.0020936 * t**3
-
-      # 1900 ... 1920
-      elsif year >= 1900
-        t = year - 1900
-         -2.79 + 1.494119 * t - 0.0598939 * t**2 + 0.0061966 * t**3 - 0.000197 * t**4
-
-      # 1860 ... 1900
-      elsif year >= 1860
-        t = year - 1860
-         7.62 + 0.5737 * t - 0.251754 * t**2 + 0.01680668 * t**3 - 0.0004473624 * t**4 + t**5 / 233174
-
-      # 1800 ... 1860
-      elsif year >= 1800
-        t = year - 1800
-        13.72 - 0.332447 * t + 0.0068612 * t**2 + 0.0041116 * t**3 - 0.00037436 * t**4 + 0.0000121272 * t**5 - 0.0000001699 * t**6 + 0.000000000875 * t**7
-
-      # 1700 ... 1800
-      elsif year >= 1700
-        t = year - 1700
-        8.83 + 0.1603 * t - 0.0059285 * t**2 + 0.00013336 * t**3 - t**4 / 1174000
-
-      # 1600 ... 1700
-      elsif year >= 1600
-        t = year - 1600
-        120 - 0.9808 * t - 0.01532 * t**2 + t**3 / 7129
-
-      # 500 ... 1600
-      elsif year >=  500
-        u = (year - 1000) / 100
-        1574.2 - 556.01 * u + 71.23472 * u**2 + 0.319781 * u**3 - 0.8503463 * u**4 - 0.005050998 * u**5 + 0.0083572073 * u**6
-
-      # -500 ... 500
-      elsif year >= -500
-        u = year / 100
-        10583.6 - 1014.41 * u + 33.78311 * u**2 - 5.952053 * u**3 - 0.1798452 * u**4 + 0.022174192 * u**5 + 0.0090316521 * u**6
-
-      # ... -500
-      else
-        -20 + 32 * u**2
-      end
-    end
-    private :delta_t_observed_poly
-
-    # universal time を dynamical time に変換する
-    #
-    # @param [Numeric] time universal time
-    #
-    # @return [Numeric] dynamical time
-    #
-    def to_dynamical_time(time)
-      return time unless -Float::MAX/4 < time && time < Float::MAX/4
-      jd_utc = When::TM::JulianDate._t_to_d(time * 1)
-      +time + delta_t(jd_utc) * When::TM::Duration::SECOND
-    end
-
-    # dynamical time を universal time に変換する
-    #
-    # @param [Numeric] time dynamical time
-    #
-    # @return [Numeric] universal time
-    #
-    def from_dynamical_time(time)
-      return time unless -Float::MAX/4 < time && time < Float::MAX/4
-      jd_tt = When::TM::JulianDate._t_to_d(time)
-      utc   = time - delta_t(jd_tt) * When::TM::Duration::SECOND
-      diff  = time - to_dynamical_time(utc)
-      return utc if diff == 0 # 間に閏秒なし
-      utc  += diff
-      diff  = time - to_dynamical_time(utc)
-      return utc if diff == 0 # 間に閏秒なし
-      return When::Coordinates::LeapSeconds.new(utc+diff, -diff, When::TM::Duration::SECOND)
-    end
-
-    # Time オブジェクトを dynamical time に変換する
-    #
-    # @param [::Time] time
-    #
-    # @return [Numeric] [dynamical time
-    #
-    def from_time_object(time)
-      time = time.to_f * When::TM::Duration::SECOND
-      _is_systemtime_universal? ? to_dynamical_time(time) : time + DeltaT0
-    end
-
-    # dynamical time を Time オブジェクトに変換する
-    #
-    # @param [Numeric] time dynamical time
-    #
-    # @return [::Time]
-    #
-    def to_time_object(time)
-      time = _is_systemtime_universal? ? from_dynamical_time(time) : time - DeltaT0
-      ::Time.at(+time / When::TM::Duration::SECOND)
-    end
-  end
-
-  # @private
-  YearThreshold  = 1997.0 + DeltaT.size
-
-  # @private
-  DeltaThreshold = DeltaT[-2] - delta_t_observed_poly(YearThreshold)
-
-  #
-  # When::TM::Calendar のための TimeBasis の初期化
-  #
-  # @private
-  module TimeBasis
-
-    # @private
-    attr_reader :_time_basis
-
-    module FixedTimeBasis
-
-      private
-
-      # 太陽黄経のための日付境界のオフセットを反映した通日
-      #
-      # @param [Numeric] t ユリウス日(Terrestrial Time)
-      #
-      # @return [Integer]
-      #
-      def solar_sdn(t)
-        (t + 0.5 + @_time_basis_offset[0]).floor
-      end
-
-      # 月の位相のための日付境界のオフセットを反映した通日
-      #
-      # @param [Numeric] t ユリウス日(Terrestrial Time)
-      #
-      # @return [Integer]
-      #
-      def lunar_sdn(t)
-        (t + 0.5 + @_time_basis_offset[-1]).floor
-      end
-    end
-
-    module ApparentTimeBasis
-
-      private
-
-      # 太陽黄経のための日付境界のオフセットを反映した通日
-      #
-      # @param [Numeric] t ユリウス日(Terrestrial Time)
-      #
-      # @return [Integer]
-      #
-      def solar_sdn(t)
-        time_basis.time_standard.from_dynamical_date(t + 0.5).floor
-      end
-
-      # 月の位相のための日付境界のオフセットを反映した通日
-      #
-      # @param [Numeric] t ユリウス日(Terrestrial Time)
-      #
-      # @return [Integer]
-      #
-      def lunar_sdn(t)
-        time_basis.time_standard.from_dynamical_date(t + 0.5).floor
-      end
-    end
-
-    #
-    # When::TM::Calendar のための TimeBasis の初期化
-    #
-    def _normalize_time_basis
-
-      @_time_basis ||= @time_basis || (@location ? @location.long / When::Coordinates::Spatial::DEGREE * 240 : When::UTC)
-      @_time_basis   = When::Locale._split(@_time_basis) if @_time_basis.kind_of?(String)
-      @_time_basis   = [@_time_basis] unless @_time_basis.kind_of?(Array)
-      @_time_basis   = @_time_basis.map {|clock| When.Clock(clock)}
-      @_time_basis_offset = @_time_basis.map {|clock| -clock.universal_time / When::TM::Duration::DAY}
-
-      @time_basis = @_time_basis[0] if @time_basis
-
-      if @_time_basis[0].time_standard.kind_of?(LocalApparentTime)
-        extend ApparentTimeBasis
-      else
-        extend FixedTimeBasis
-      end
-    end
-  end
-
-  #
-  # Local Time と Universal Time の差分
-  #
-  # @private
-  module LocalTime
-
-    # local time と universal time の差 / 日
-    #
-    # @return [Numeric] difference / day
-    #
-    def localdate_difference
-      @localdate_difference ||= @location.long  / (360.0 * When::Coordinates::Spatial::DEGREE)
-    end
-
-    # local time と universal time の差 / 128秒
-    #
-    # @return [Numeric] difference / day
-    #
-    def localtime_difference
-      @localtime_difference ||= When::TM::Duration::DAY * localdate_difference
-    end
-  end
-
-  #
-  # 時刻系のひながた
-  #
-  class TimeStandard < When::BasicTypes::Object
-
-    include When::TimeStandard
-
-    Ratio = 1.0
-
-    # universal time を dynamical time に変換する
-    #
-    # @param [Numeric] time universal time
-    #
-    # @return [Numeric] dynamical time
-    #
-    def to_dynamical_time(time)
-      When::TimeStandard.to_dynamical_time(time)
-    end
-
-    # dynamical time を universal time に変換する
-    #
-    # @param [Numeric] time dynamical time
-    #
-    # @return [Numeric] universal time
-    #
-    def from_dynamical_time(time)
-      When::TimeStandard.from_dynamical_time(time)
-    end
-
-    # 当該時刻系の日付を dynamical date に変換する
-    #
-    # @param [Numeric]  date 当該時刻系の日付
-    #
-    # @return [Numeric] dynamical date
-    #
-    def to_dynamical_date(date)
-      When::TM::JulianDate._t_to_d(
-        to_dynamical_time(
-          When::TM::JulianDate._d_to_t(+date)))
-    end
-
-    # dynamical date を当該時刻系の日付に変換する
-    #
-    # @param [Numeric] date dynamical date
-    #
-    # @return [Numeric] 当該時刻系の日付
-    #
-    def from_dynamical_date(date)
-      When::TM::JulianDate._t_to_d(
-        from_dynamical_time(
-          When::TM::JulianDate._d_to_t(+date)))
-    end
-
-    # Time オブジェクトを universal time に変換する
-    #
-    # @param [::Time] time
-    #
-    # @return [Numeric] universal time
-    #
-    def from_time_object(time)
-      from_dynamical_time(When::TimeStandard.from_time_object(time))
-    end
-
-    # universal time を Time オブジェクトに変換する
-    #
-    # @param [Numeric] time universal time
-    #
-    # @return [::Time]
-    #
-    def to_time_object(time)
-      When::TimeStandard.to_time_object(to_dynamical_time(time))
-    end
-
-    # 当該時刻系に閏秒があるか?
-    #
-    # @return [Boolean] - false 閏秒なし
-    #
-    def has_leap?
-      false
-    end
-
-    # 時間の歩度
-    #
-    # @return [Numeric]
-    #
-    def rate_of_clock
-      self.class::Ratio
-    end
-
-    private
-
-    def _normalize(args=[], options={})
-    end
-  end
-
-  #
-  # 協定世界時
-  #
-  class UniversalTime < TimeStandard
-
-    # Time オブジェクトを universal time に変換する
-    #
-    # @param [::Time] time
-    #
-    # @return [Numeric] universal time
-    #
-    def from_time_object(time)
-      result = time.to_f * When::TM::Duration::SECOND
-      return result if When::TimeStandard._is_systemtime_universal?
-      from_dynamical_time(result + DeltaT0)
-    end
-
-    # universal time を Time オブジェクトに変換する
-    #
-    # @param [Numeric] time universal time
-    #
-    # @return [::Time]
-    #
-    def to_time_object(time)
-      time = to_dynamical_time(time) - DeltaT0 unless When::TimeStandard._is_systemtime_universal?
-      ::Time.at(+time / When::TM::Duration::SECOND)
-    end
-
-    # 当該時刻系に閏秒があるか?
-    #
-    # @return [Boolean] - true 閏秒あり
-    #
-    def has_leap?
-      true
-    end
-  end
-
-  #
-  # 地方平均太陽時
-  #
-  class LocalMeanTime < TimeStandard
-
-    include LocalTime
-
-    # local mean time  を dynamical time に変換する
-    #
-    # @param [Numeric] time local mean time
-    #
-    # @return [Numeric] dynamical time
-    #
-    def to_dynamical_time(time)
-      super(time - localtime_difference)
-    end
-
-    # dynamical time を local mean time  に変換する
-    #
-    # @param [Numeric] time dynamical time
-    #
-    # @return [Numeric] local mean time
-    #
-    def from_dynamical_time(time)
-      super(time) + localtime_difference
-    end
-
-    private
-
-    # オブジェクトの正規化
-    def _normalize(args=[], options={})
-      @location = When.Resource(@location || '_l:long=0&lat=0')
-      super
-    end
-  end
-
-  #
-  # 地方真太陽時
-  #
-  class LocalApparentTime < TimeStandard
-
-    include LocalTime
-
-    # local apparent time  を dynamical time に変換する
-    #
-    # @param [Numeric] time local apparent time
-    #
-    # @return [Numeric] dynamical time
-    #
-    def to_dynamical_time(time)
-      date   = When::TM::JulianDate._t_to_d(time) - localdate_difference
-      diff   = 0
-      2.times do
-        diff = @datum.equation_of_time(date-diff)
-      end
-      super(When::TM::JulianDate._d_to_t(date-diff))
-    end
-
-    # dynamical time を local apparent time  に変換する
-    #
-    # @param [Numeric] time dynamical time
-    #
-    # @return [Numeric] local apparent time
-    #
-    def from_dynamical_time(time)
-      super(time) + When::TM::Duration::DAY * (localdate_difference + @datum.equation_of_time(When::TM::JulianDate._t_to_d(time)))
-    end
-
-    private
-
-    # オブジェクトの正規化
-    def _normalize(args=[], options={})
-      @location ||= '_l:long=0&lat=0'
-      @location   = When.Resource(@location) if @location.kind_of?(String)
-      @datum      = When.Resource(@datum    || '_ep:Earth'       )
-      super
-    end
-  end
-
-  #
-  # 不定時法
-  #
-  class TemporalHourSystem < LocalApparentTime
-
-    # @private
-    alias :_to_dynamical_time   :to_dynamical_time
-    # @private
-    alias :_from_dynamical_time :from_dynamical_time
-
-    # temporal hour system を dynamical time に変換する
-    #
-    # @param [Numeric] time temporal hour system
-    #
-    # @return [Numeric] dynamical time
-    #
-    def to_dynamical_time(time)
-      noon, frac = When::TM::JulianDate._t_to_d(time).divmod(1)
-
-      r, *p =
-        case (frac * 4).floor
-        when 3 ; [-1.5, [noon+1, -1],[noon+1, +1]] # morning
-        when 0 ; [+0.5, [noon,   -1],[noon,   +1]] # afternoon
-        else   ; [-0.5, [noon,   +1],[noon+1, -1]] # night
-        end
-
-      s, e = p.map {|v| 
-        When::TM::JulianDate._d_to_t(@formula.day_event(_to_dynamical_date(v[0]), v[1], When.Resource('_ep:Sun'), @height))
-      }
-
-      s + (e - s) * (frac * 2 + r)
-    end
-
-    # dynamical time を temporal hour system に変換する
-    #
-    # @param [Numeric] time dynamical time
-    #
-    # @return [Numeric] temporal hour system
-    #
-    def from_dynamical_time(time)
-      date = When::TM::JulianDate._t_to_d(time)
-
-      d, t = [-1, +1].map {|v| @formula.day_event(date, v, When.Resource('_ep:Sun'), @height)}
-
-      if    date < d # after midnight
-        t = @formula.sunset(date-1, @height)
-        f = (date - t) / (d - t) / 2 - 0.25
-
-      elsif date > t # before midnight
-        d = @formula.sunrise(date+1, @height)
-        f = (date - t) / (d - t) / 2 - 0.25
-
-      else           # day time
-        f  = (date - d) / (t - d) / 2 + 0.25
-      end
-
-      When::TM::JulianDate._d_to_t(_from_dynamical_date(d).floor + 0.5 + f)
-    end
-
-    private
-
-    # オブジェクトの正規化
-    def _normalize(args=[], options={})
-      @formula  = When::Ephemeris::Formula.new({:location=>@location})
-      @height ||= 'T'
-      super
-    end
-
-    # 単位を「日」にした to_dynamical_time
-    def _to_dynamical_date(date)
-      When::TM::JulianDate._t_to_d(_to_dynamical_time(When::TM::JulianDate._d_to_t(date)))
-    end
-
-    # 単位を「日」にした from_dynamical_time
-    def _from_dynamical_date(date)
-      When::TM::JulianDate._t_to_d(_from_dynamical_time(When::TM::JulianDate._d_to_t(date)))
-    end
-  end
-end
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+=begin
+  Copyright (C) 2011-2015 Takashi SUGA
+
+  You may use and/or modify this file according to the license described in the LICENSE.txt file included in this archive.
+=end
+
+#
+# 標準的な時刻系の定義
+#
+module When::TimeStandard
+
+  # TT(Terrestrial Time) - UTC(Universal Time, Coordinated) at 1970-01-01T00:00:00Z
+  DeltaT0 = (40 + 377.0/2048) * When::TM::Duration::SECOND
+
+  TAI_UTC = # http://maia.usno.navy.mil/ser7/tai-utc.dat
+    [[2437300.5,  1.422818, 37300.0, 0.001296 ],
+     [2437512.5,  1.372818, 37300.0, 0.001296 ],
+     [2437665.5,  1.845858, 37665.0, 0.0011232],
+     [2438334.5,  1.945858, 37665.0, 0.0011232],
+     [2438395.5,  3.24013,  38761.0, 0.001296 ],
+     [2438486.5,  3.34013,  38761.0, 0.001296 ],
+     [2438639.5,  3.44013,  38761.0, 0.001296 ],
+     [2438761.5,  3.54013,  38761.0, 0.001296 ],
+     [2438820.5,  3.64013,  38761.0, 0.001296 ],
+     [2438942.5,  3.74013,  38761.0, 0.001296 ],
+     [2439004.5,  3.84013,  38761.0, 0.001296 ],
+     [2439126.5,  4.31317,  39126.0, 0.002592 ],
+     [2439887.5,  4.21317,  39126.0, 0.002592 ],
+     [2441317.5, 10.0],
+     [2441499.5, 11.0],
+     [2441683.5, 12.0],
+     [2442048.5, 13.0],
+     [2442413.5, 14.0],
+     [2442778.5, 15.0],
+     [2443144.5, 16.0],
+     [2443509.5, 17.0],
+     [2443874.5, 18.0],
+     [2444239.5, 19.0],
+     [2444786.5, 20.0],
+     [2445151.5, 21.0],
+     [2445516.5, 22.0],
+     [2446247.5, 23.0],
+     [2447161.5, 24.0],
+     [2447892.5, 25.0],
+     [2448257.5, 26.0],
+     [2448804.5, 27.0],
+     [2449169.5, 28.0],
+     [2449534.5, 29.0],
+     [2450083.5, 30.0],
+     [2450630.5, 31.0],
+     [2451179.5, 32.0],
+     [2453736.5, 33.0],
+     [2454832.5, 34.0],
+     [2456109.5, 35.0],
+     [2457204.5, 36.0]]
+
+  DeltaT  = [                                                                63.467, # 1999
+     63.827, 64.092, 64.300, 64.473, 64.573, 64.689, 64.846, 65.145, 65.456, 65.779, # 2000-
+     66.070, 66.324, 66.603, 66.909, 67.282                                          # 2010-
+  ]
+
+  class << self
+    # When::TimeStandard Module のグローバルな設定を行う
+    #
+    # @param [String] leap_seconds http://maia.usno.navy.mil/ser7/tai-utc.dat 形式のファイルのファイルパス
+    # @param [Array<Array<Numeric>>] leap_seconds 閏秒の挿入記録 [ [ JD, TAI-UTC, (MJD, OFFSET) ] ]
+    #   [ JD      - 閏秒を挿入した日時のユリウス日 ]
+    #   [ TAI-UTC - 閏秒を挿入後の TAI と UTC の差 ]
+    #   [ MJD     - 周波数オフセットの基準となる日時の修正ユリウス日 ]
+    #   [ OFFSET  - 周波数オフセット値 ]
+    #
+    # @return [void]
+    #
+    # @note
+    #   本メソッドでマルチスレッド対応の管理変数の初期化を行っている。
+    #   このため、本メソッド自体はスレッドセーフでない。
+    #
+    def _setup_(leap_seconds=nil)
+      @_lock_ = Mutex.new if When.multi_thread
+      leap_seconds ||= TAI_UTC
+      @leap_seconds  =
+        if leap_seconds.kind_of?(String)
+          OpenURI
+          open(leap_seconds) do |file|
+            file.read.split(/[\n\r]+/).map { |line|
+              line.split(/[^\d.]+/)[3..6].map {|d| d.to_f}
+            }.reverse
+          end
+        else
+          leap_seconds.reverse
+        end
+    end
+
+    # 設定情報を取得する
+    #
+    # @return [Hash] 設定情報
+    #
+    def _setup_info
+      {:leap_seconds => _leap_seconds}
+    end
+
+    # @private
+    # 閏秒の挿入記録を取得する
+    def _leap_seconds
+      @leap_seconds ||= TAI_UTC.reverse
+    end
+
+    # 処理系が閏秒を無視しているか否か
+    # @private
+    def _is_systemtime_universal?
+      @is_systemtime_universal = ((Time.utc(1976).to_i - Time.utc(1975).to_i) % 86400 == 0) if @is_systemtime_universal == nil
+      @is_systemtime_universal
+    end
+
+    # ΔT
+    #
+    # @param [Numeric] jd_utc ユリウス日(Universal Time, Coordinated)
+    #
+    # @return [Numeric] (dynamical_time - universal_time) / second
+    #     1/2048 second(≒0.5ms)未満を四捨五入
+    #
+    def delta_t(jd_utc)
+      (delta_t_coordinated(jd_utc) * 4096 + 1).floor / 4096.0
+    end
+    alias :deltaT :delta_t
+
+    # ΔT - 閏秒による(TT-UTC)
+    #
+    # @param [Numeric] jd_utc ユリウス日(Universal Time, Coordinated)
+    #
+    # @return [Numeric] (Terrestrial Time - Universal Time, Coordinated) / second
+    #
+    def delta_t_coordinated(jd_utc)
+      list = _leap_seconds
+      list.each do |v|
+        if jd_utc >= v[0]
+          result  = 32.184 + v[1]
+          result += (jd_utc - (2400000.5 + v[2])) * v[3] unless (v[3]||0) == 0
+          return result
+        end
+      end
+      delta_t_observed(jd_utc)
+    end
+
+    # ΔT - 観測による(TT-UT1) mix of Table and NASA
+    #
+    # @param [Numeric] jd_utc ユリウス日(Universal Time, Coordinated)
+    #
+    # @return [Numeric] (Terrestrial Time - Universal Time 1) / second
+    #
+    def delta_t_observed(jd_utc)
+      year = (jd_utc - When::Ephemeris::EPOCH2000)/When::Ephemeris::JYEAR + 2000 # 0年からの経過世紀
+      return delta_t_observed_poly(year) unless 2000 <= year && year < 2050
+      return delta_t_observed_poly(year) + DeltaThreshold * (year - 2050.0) / (YearThreshold - 2050.0) if year >= YearThreshold
+
+      i = (year-1999.0).floor             # 1999年からの経過年(整数)
+      n    = year % 1
+      d0   = DeltaT[i+0] - DeltaT[i-1]
+      d1   = DeltaT[i+1] - DeltaT[i+0]
+      d2   = DeltaT[i+2] - DeltaT[i+1]
+      d10  = d1  - d0
+      d21  = d2  - d1
+      d210 = d21 - d10
+      DeltaT[i] + n*d1 + n*(n-1.0)/4.0*(d10+d21) + n*(n-1.0)*(n-0.5)/6.0*d210
+    end
+
+    # ΔT - 観測による(TT-UT1) from http://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/SEhelp/deltatpoly2004.html
+    #
+    # @param [Numeric] jd_utc ユリウス日(Universal Time, Coordinated)
+    #
+    # @return [Numeric] (Terrestrial Time - Universal Time 1) / second
+    #
+    def delta_t_observed_nasa(jd_utc)
+      delta_t_observed_poly((jd_utc - When::Ephemeris::EPOCH2000)/When::Ephemeris::JYEAR + 2000.0) # 0年からの経過年
+    end
+
+    # 多項式による近似
+    def delta_t_observed_poly(year)
+      u    = (year-1820)/100
+
+      # 2150 ... 3000
+      if    year >= 2150
+        -20 + 32 * u**2
+
+      # 2050 ... 2150
+      elsif year >= 2050
+        -20 + 32 * u**2 - 0.5628 * (2150 - year)
+
+      # 2005 ... 2050
+      elsif year >= 2005
+        t = year - 2000
+        62.92 + 0.32217 * t + 0.005589 * t**2
+
+      # 1986 ... 2005
+      elsif year >= 1986
+        t = year - 2000
+        63.86 + 0.3345 * t - 0.060374 * t**2 + 0.0017275 * t**3 + 0.000651814 * t**4 + 0.00002373599 * t**5
+
+      # 1961 ... 1986
+      elsif year >= 1961
+        t = year - 1975
+       45.45 + 1.067*t - t**2/260 - t**3 / 718
+
+      # 1941 ... 1961
+      elsif year >= 1941
+        t = year - 1950
+        29.07 + 0.407*t - t**2/233 + t**3 / 2547
+
+      # 1920 ... 1941
+      elsif year >= 1920
+        t = year - 1920
+        21.20 + 0.84493*t - 0.076100 * t**2 + 0.0020936 * t**3
+
+      # 1900 ... 1920
+      elsif year >= 1900
+        t = year - 1900
+         -2.79 + 1.494119 * t - 0.0598939 * t**2 + 0.0061966 * t**3 - 0.000197 * t**4
+
+      # 1860 ... 1900
+      elsif year >= 1860
+        t = year - 1860
+         7.62 + 0.5737 * t - 0.251754 * t**2 + 0.01680668 * t**3 - 0.0004473624 * t**4 + t**5 / 233174
+
+      # 1800 ... 1860
+      elsif year >= 1800
+        t = year - 1800
+        13.72 - 0.332447 * t + 0.0068612 * t**2 + 0.0041116 * t**3 - 0.00037436 * t**4 + 0.0000121272 * t**5 - 0.0000001699 * t**6 + 0.000000000875 * t**7
+
+      # 1700 ... 1800
+      elsif year >= 1700
+        t = year - 1700
+        8.83 + 0.1603 * t - 0.0059285 * t**2 + 0.00013336 * t**3 - t**4 / 1174000
+
+      # 1600 ... 1700
+      elsif year >= 1600
+        t = year - 1600
+        120 - 0.9808 * t - 0.01532 * t**2 + t**3 / 7129
+
+      # 500 ... 1600
+      elsif year >=  500
+        u = (year - 1000) / 100
+        1574.2 - 556.01 * u + 71.23472 * u**2 + 0.319781 * u**3 - 0.8503463 * u**4 - 0.005050998 * u**5 + 0.0083572073 * u**6
+
+      # -500 ... 500
+      elsif year >= -500
+        u = year / 100
+        10583.6 - 1014.41 * u + 33.78311 * u**2 - 5.952053 * u**3 - 0.1798452 * u**4 + 0.022174192 * u**5 + 0.0090316521 * u**6
+
+      # ... -500
+      else
+        -20 + 32 * u**2
+      end
+    end
+    private :delta_t_observed_poly
+
+    # universal time を dynamical time に変換する
+    #
+    # @param [Numeric] time universal time
+    #
+    # @return [Numeric] dynamical time
+    #
+    def to_dynamical_time(time)
+      return time unless -Float::MAX/4 < time && time < Float::MAX/4
+      jd_utc = When::TM::JulianDate._t_to_d(time * 1)
+      +time + delta_t(jd_utc) * When::TM::Duration::SECOND
+    end
+
+    # dynamical time を universal time に変換する
+    #
+    # @param [Numeric] time dynamical time
+    #
+    # @return [Numeric] universal time
+    #
+    def from_dynamical_time(time)
+      return time unless -Float::MAX/4 < time && time < Float::MAX/4
+      jd_tt = When::TM::JulianDate._t_to_d(time)
+      utc   = time - delta_t(jd_tt) * When::TM::Duration::SECOND
+      diff  = time - to_dynamical_time(utc)
+      return utc if diff == 0 # 間に閏秒なし
+      utc  += diff
+      diff  = time - to_dynamical_time(utc)
+      return utc if diff == 0 # 間に閏秒なし
+      return When::Coordinates::LeapSeconds.new(utc+diff, -diff, When::TM::Duration::SECOND)
+    end
+
+    # Time オブジェクトを dynamical time に変換する
+    #
+    # @param [::Time] time
+    #
+    # @return [Numeric] [dynamical time
+    #
+    def from_time_object(time)
+      time = time.to_f * When::TM::Duration::SECOND
+      _is_systemtime_universal? ? to_dynamical_time(time) : time + DeltaT0
+    end
+
+    # dynamical time を Time オブジェクトに変換する
+    #
+    # @param [Numeric] time dynamical time
+    #
+    # @return [::Time]
+    #
+    def to_time_object(time)
+      time = _is_systemtime_universal? ? from_dynamical_time(time) : time - DeltaT0
+      ::Time.at(+time / When::TM::Duration::SECOND)
+    end
+  end
+
+  # @private
+  YearThreshold  = 1997.0 + DeltaT.size
+
+  # @private
+  DeltaThreshold = DeltaT[-2] - delta_t_observed_poly(YearThreshold)
+
+  #
+  # When::TM::Calendar のための TimeBasis の初期化
+  #
+  # @private
+  module TimeBasis
+
+    # @private
+    attr_reader :_time_basis
+
+    module FixedTimeBasis
+
+      private
+
+      # 太陽黄経のための日付境界のオフセットを反映した通日
+      #
+      # @param [Numeric] t ユリウス日(Terrestrial Time)
+      #
+      # @return [Integer]
+      #
+      def solar_sdn(t)
+        (t + 0.5 + @_time_basis_offset[0]).floor
+      end
+
+      # 月の位相のための日付境界のオフセットを反映した通日
+      #
+      # @param [Numeric] t ユリウス日(Terrestrial Time)
+      #
+      # @return [Integer]
+      #
+      def lunar_sdn(t)
+        (t + 0.5 + @_time_basis_offset[-1]).floor
+      end
+    end
+
+    module ApparentTimeBasis
+
+      private
+
+      # 太陽黄経のための日付境界のオフセットを反映した通日
+      #
+      # @param [Numeric] t ユリウス日(Terrestrial Time)
+      #
+      # @return [Integer]
+      #
+      def solar_sdn(t)
+        time_basis.time_standard.from_dynamical_date(t + 0.5).floor
+      end
+
+      # 月の位相のための日付境界のオフセットを反映した通日
+      #
+      # @param [Numeric] t ユリウス日(Terrestrial Time)
+      #
+      # @return [Integer]
+      #
+      def lunar_sdn(t)
+        time_basis.time_standard.from_dynamical_date(t + 0.5).floor
+      end
+    end
+
+    #
+    # When::TM::Calendar のための TimeBasis の初期化
+    #
+    def _normalize_time_basis
+
+      @_time_basis ||= @time_basis || (@location ? @location.long / When::Coordinates::Spatial::DEGREE * 240 : When::UTC)
+      @_time_basis   = When::Locale._split(@_time_basis) if @_time_basis.kind_of?(String)
+      @_time_basis   = [@_time_basis] unless @_time_basis.kind_of?(Array)
+      @_time_basis   = @_time_basis.map {|clock| When.Clock(clock)}
+      @_time_basis_offset = @_time_basis.map {|clock| -clock.universal_time / When::TM::Duration::DAY}
+
+      @time_basis = @_time_basis[0] if @time_basis
+
+      if @_time_basis[0].time_standard.kind_of?(LocalApparentTime)
+        extend ApparentTimeBasis
+      else
+        extend FixedTimeBasis
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  #
+  # Local Time と Universal Time の差分
+  #
+  # @private
+  module LocalTime
+
+    # local time と universal time の差 / 日
+    #
+    # @return [Numeric] difference / day
+    #
+    def localdate_difference
+      @localdate_difference ||= @location.long  / (360.0 * When::Coordinates::Spatial::DEGREE)
+    end
+
+    # local time と universal time の差 / 128秒
+    #
+    # @return [Numeric] difference / day
+    #
+    def localtime_difference
+      @localtime_difference ||= When::TM::Duration::DAY * localdate_difference
+    end
+  end
+
+  #
+  # 時刻系のひながた
+  #
+  class TimeStandard < When::BasicTypes::Object
+
+    include When::TimeStandard
+
+    Ratio = 1.0
+
+    # universal time を dynamical time に変換する
+    #
+    # @param [Numeric] time universal time
+    #
+    # @return [Numeric] dynamical time
+    #
+    def to_dynamical_time(time)
+      When::TimeStandard.to_dynamical_time(time)
+    end
+
+    # dynamical time を universal time に変換する
+    #
+    # @param [Numeric] time dynamical time
+    #
+    # @return [Numeric] universal time
+    #
+    def from_dynamical_time(time)
+      When::TimeStandard.from_dynamical_time(time)
+    end
+
+    # 当該時刻系の日付を dynamical date に変換する
+    #
+    # @param [Numeric]  date 当該時刻系の日付
+    #
+    # @return [Numeric] dynamical date
+    #
+    def to_dynamical_date(date)
+      When::TM::JulianDate._t_to_d(
+        to_dynamical_time(
+          When::TM::JulianDate._d_to_t(+date)))
+    end
+
+    # dynamical date を当該時刻系の日付に変換する
+    #
+    # @param [Numeric] date dynamical date
+    #
+    # @return [Numeric] 当該時刻系の日付
+    #
+    def from_dynamical_date(date)
+      When::TM::JulianDate._t_to_d(
+        from_dynamical_time(
+          When::TM::JulianDate._d_to_t(+date)))
+    end
+
+    # Time オブジェクトを universal time に変換する
+    #
+    # @param [::Time] time
+    #
+    # @return [Numeric] universal time
+    #
+    def from_time_object(time)
+      from_dynamical_time(When::TimeStandard.from_time_object(time))
+    end
+
+    # universal time を Time オブジェクトに変換する
+    #
+    # @param [Numeric] time universal time
+    #
+    # @return [::Time]
+    #
+    def to_time_object(time)
+      When::TimeStandard.to_time_object(to_dynamical_time(time))
+    end
+
+    # 当該時刻系に閏秒があるか?
+    #
+    # @return [Boolean] - false 閏秒なし
+    #
+    def has_leap?
+      false
+    end
+
+    # 時間の歩度
+    #
+    # @return [Numeric]
+    #
+    def rate_of_clock
+      self.class::Ratio
+    end
+
+    private
+
+    def _normalize(args=[], options={})
+    end
+  end
+
+  #
+  # 協定世界時
+  #
+  class UniversalTime < TimeStandard
+
+    # Time オブジェクトを universal time に変換する
+    #
+    # @param [::Time] time
+    #
+    # @return [Numeric] universal time
+    #
+    def from_time_object(time)
+      result = time.to_f * When::TM::Duration::SECOND
+      return result if When::TimeStandard._is_systemtime_universal?
+      from_dynamical_time(result + DeltaT0)
+    end
+
+    # universal time を Time オブジェクトに変換する
+    #
+    # @param [Numeric] time universal time
+    #
+    # @return [::Time]
+    #
+    def to_time_object(time)
+      time = to_dynamical_time(time) - DeltaT0 unless When::TimeStandard._is_systemtime_universal?
+      ::Time.at(+time / When::TM::Duration::SECOND)
+    end
+
+    # 当該時刻系に閏秒があるか?
+    #
+    # @return [Boolean] - true 閏秒あり
+    #
+    def has_leap?
+      true
+    end
+  end
+
+  #
+  # 地方平均太陽時
+  #
+  class LocalMeanTime < TimeStandard
+
+    include LocalTime
+
+    # local mean time  を dynamical time に変換する
+    #
+    # @param [Numeric] time local mean time
+    #
+    # @return [Numeric] dynamical time
+    #
+    def to_dynamical_time(time)
+      super(time - localtime_difference)
+    end
+
+    # dynamical time を local mean time  に変換する
+    #
+    # @param [Numeric] time dynamical time
+    #
+    # @return [Numeric] local mean time
+    #
+    def from_dynamical_time(time)
+      super(time) + localtime_difference
+    end
+
+    private
+
+    # オブジェクトの正規化
+    def _normalize(args=[], options={})
+      @location = When.Resource(@location || '_l:long=0&lat=0')
+      super
+    end
+  end
+
+  #
+  # 地方真太陽時
+  #
+  class LocalApparentTime < TimeStandard
+
+    include LocalTime
+
+    # local apparent time  を dynamical time に変換する
+    #
+    # @param [Numeric] time local apparent time
+    #
+    # @return [Numeric] dynamical time
+    #
+    def to_dynamical_time(time)
+      date   = When::TM::JulianDate._t_to_d(time) - localdate_difference
+      diff   = 0
+      2.times do
+        diff = @datum.equation_of_time(date-diff)
+      end
+      super(When::TM::JulianDate._d_to_t(date-diff))
+    end
+
+    # dynamical time を local apparent time  に変換する
+    #
+    # @param [Numeric] time dynamical time
+    #
+    # @return [Numeric] local apparent time
+    #
+    def from_dynamical_time(time)
+      super(time) + When::TM::Duration::DAY * (localdate_difference + @datum.equation_of_time(When::TM::JulianDate._t_to_d(time)))
+    end
+
+    private
+
+    # オブジェクトの正規化
+    def _normalize(args=[], options={})
+      @location ||= '_l:long=0&lat=0'
+      @location   = When.Resource(@location) if @location.kind_of?(String)
+      @datum      = When.Resource(@datum    || '_ep:Earth'       )
+      super
+    end
+  end
+
+  #
+  # 不定時法
+  #
+  class TemporalHourSystem < LocalApparentTime
+
+    # @private
+    alias :_to_dynamical_time   :to_dynamical_time
+    # @private
+    alias :_from_dynamical_time :from_dynamical_time
+
+    # temporal hour system を dynamical time に変換する
+    #
+    # @param [Numeric] time temporal hour system
+    #
+    # @return [Numeric] dynamical time
+    #
+    def to_dynamical_time(time)
+      noon, frac = When::TM::JulianDate._t_to_d(time).divmod(1)
+
+      r, *p =
+        case (frac * 4).floor
+        when 3 ; [-1.5, [noon+1, -1],[noon+1, +1]] # morning
+        when 0 ; [+0.5, [noon,   -1],[noon,   +1]] # afternoon
+        else   ; [-0.5, [noon,   +1],[noon+1, -1]] # night
+        end
+
+      s, e = p.map {|v| 
+        When::TM::JulianDate._d_to_t(@formula.day_event(_to_dynamical_date(v[0]), v[1], When.Resource('_ep:Sun'), @height))
+      }
+
+      s + (e - s) * (frac * 2 + r)
+    end
+
+    # dynamical time を temporal hour system に変換する
+    #
+    # @param [Numeric] time dynamical time
+    #
+    # @return [Numeric] temporal hour system
+    #
+    def from_dynamical_time(time)
+      date = When::TM::JulianDate._t_to_d(time)
+
+      d, t = [-1, +1].map {|v| @formula.day_event(date, v, When.Resource('_ep:Sun'), @height)}
+
+      if    date < d # after midnight
+        t = @formula.sunset(date-1, @height)
+        f = (date - t) / (d - t) / 2 - 0.25
+
+      elsif date > t # before midnight
+        d = @formula.sunrise(date+1, @height)
+        f = (date - t) / (d - t) / 2 - 0.25
+
+      else           # day time
+        f  = (date - d) / (t - d) / 2 + 0.25
+      end
+
+      When::TM::JulianDate._d_to_t(_from_dynamical_date(d).floor + 0.5 + f)
+    end
+
+    private
+
+    # オブジェクトの正規化
+    def _normalize(args=[], options={})
+      @formula  = When::Ephemeris::Formula.new({:location=>@location})
+      @height ||= 'T'
+      super
+    end
+
+    # 単位を「日」にした to_dynamical_time
+    def _to_dynamical_date(date)
+      When::TM::JulianDate._t_to_d(_to_dynamical_time(When::TM::JulianDate._d_to_t(date)))
+    end
+
+    # 単位を「日」にした from_dynamical_time
+    def _from_dynamical_date(date)
+      When::TM::JulianDate._t_to_d(_from_dynamical_time(When::TM::JulianDate._d_to_t(date)))
+    end
+  end
+end