wasmtime 17.0.1 → 18.0.3

data/ext/cargo-vendor/winch-codegen-0.16.3/src/codegen/control.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,972 @@
+//! Data structures for control flow emission.
+//!
+//! Winch currently doesn't apply any sort of optimizations to control flow, but
+//! as a future optimization, for starters, we could perform a look ahead to the
+//! next instruction when reaching any of the comparison instructions. If the
+//! next instruction is a control instruction, we could avoid emitting
+//! a [`crate::masm::MacroAssembler::cmp_with_set`] and instead emit
+//! a conditional jump inline when emitting the control flow instruction.
+use super::{CodeGenContext, OperandSize, Reg, TypedReg};
+use crate::{
+    abi::{ABIOperand, ABIResults, ABISig, RetArea, ABI},
+    masm::{IntCmpKind, MacroAssembler, MemMoveDirection, RegImm, SPOffset},
+    stack::Val,
+    CallingConvention,
+};
+use cranelift_codegen::MachLabel;
+use wasmtime_environ::{WasmFuncType, WasmValType};
+
+/// Categorization of the type of the block.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+pub(crate) enum BlockType {
+    /// Doesn't produce or consume any values.
+    Void,
+    /// Produces a single value.
+    Single(WasmValType),
+    /// Consumes multiple values and produces multiple values.
+    Func(WasmFuncType),
+    /// An already resolved ABI signature.
+    ABISig(ABISig),
+}
+
+/// Holds all the information about the signature of the block.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+pub(crate) struct BlockSig {
+    /// The type of the block.
+    pub ty: BlockType,
+    /// ABI representation of the results of the block.
+    results: Option<ABIResults>,
+    /// ABI representation of the params of the block interpreted as results.
+    params: Option<ABIResults>,
+}
+
+impl BlockSig {
+    /// Create a new [BlockSig].
+    pub fn new(ty: BlockType) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            ty,
+            results: None,
+            params: None,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Create a new [BlockSig] from an [ABISig].
+    pub fn from_sig(sig: ABISig) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            ty: BlockType::sig(sig),
+            results: None,
+            params: None,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Return the ABI representation of the results of the block.
+    /// This method will lazily initialize the results if not present.
+    pub fn results<M>(&mut self) -> &mut ABIResults
+    where
+        M: MacroAssembler,
+    {
+        if self.ty.is_sig() {
+            return match &mut self.ty {
+                BlockType::ABISig(sig) => &mut sig.results,
+                _ => unreachable!(),
+            };
+        }
+
+        if self.results.is_some() {
+            return self.results.as_mut().unwrap();
+        }
+
+        let results = match &self.ty {
+            BlockType::Void => <M::ABI as ABI>::abi_results(&[], &CallingConvention::Default),
+            BlockType::Single(ty) => {
+                <M::ABI as ABI>::abi_results(&[*ty], &CallingConvention::Default)
+            }
+            BlockType::Func(f) => {
+                <M::ABI as ABI>::abi_results(f.returns(), &CallingConvention::Default)
+            }
+            BlockType::ABISig(_) => unreachable!(),
+        };
+
+        self.results = Some(results);
+        self.results.as_mut().unwrap()
+    }
+
+    /// Construct an ABI result representation of the params of the block.
+    /// This is needed for loops and for handling cases in which params flow as
+    /// the block's results, i.e. in the presence of an empty then or else.
+    pub fn params<M>(&mut self) -> &mut ABIResults
+    where
+        M: MacroAssembler,
+    {
+        if self.params.is_some() {
+            return self.params.as_mut().unwrap();
+        }
+
+        let params_as_results = match &self.ty {
+            BlockType::Void | BlockType::Single(_) => {
+                <M::ABI as ABI>::abi_results(&[], &CallingConvention::Default)
+            }
+            BlockType::Func(f) => {
+                <M::ABI as ABI>::abi_results(f.params(), &CallingConvention::Default)
+            }
+            // Once we have created a block type from a known signature, we
+            // can't modify its meaning. This should only be used for the
+            // function body block, in which case there's no need for treating
+            // params as results.
+            BlockType::ABISig(_) => unreachable!(),
+        };
+
+        self.params = Some(params_as_results);
+        self.params.as_mut().unwrap()
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the signature param count.
+    pub fn param_count(&self) -> usize {
+        match &self.ty {
+            BlockType::Void | BlockType::Single(_) => 0,
+            BlockType::Func(f) => f.params().len(),
+            BlockType::ABISig(sig) => sig.params_without_retptr().len(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the signature return count.
+    pub fn return_count(&self) -> usize {
+        match &self.ty {
+            BlockType::Void => 0,
+            BlockType::Single(_) => 1,
+            BlockType::Func(f) => f.returns().len(),
+            BlockType::ABISig(sig) => sig.results().len(),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl BlockType {
+    /// Create a [BlockType::Void].
+    pub fn void() -> Self {
+        Self::Void
+    }
+
+    /// Create a [BlockType::Single] from the given [WasmType].
+    pub fn single(ty: WasmValType) -> Self {
+        Self::Single(ty)
+    }
+
+    /// Create a [BlockType::Func] from the given [WasmFuncType].
+    pub fn func(ty: WasmFuncType) -> Self {
+        Self::Func(ty)
+    }
+
+    /// Create a [BlockType::ABISig].
+    pub fn sig(sig: ABISig) -> Self {
+        Self::ABISig(sig)
+    }
+
+    /// Returns true if the type of the block is [BlockType::ABISig].
+    pub fn is_sig(&self) -> bool {
+        match self {
+            Self::ABISig(_) => true,
+            _ => false,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// The expected value and machine stack state when entering and exiting the block.
+#[derive(Debug, Default, Copy, Clone)]
+pub(crate) struct StackState {
+    /// The base stack pointer offset.
+    /// This offset is set when entering the block, after saving any live
+    /// registers and locals.
+    /// It is calcuated by substracting the size, in bytes, of any block params
+    /// to the current stack pointer offset.
+    pub base_offset: SPOffset,
+    /// The target stack pointer offset.
+    /// This offset is calculated by adding the size of the stack results
+    /// to the base stack pointer offset.
+    pub target_offset: SPOffset,
+    /// The base length of the value stack when entering the block.
+    /// Which is the current length of the value stack minus any block parameters.
+    pub base_len: usize,
+    /// The target length of the value stack when exiting the block.
+    /// Calculate by adding the number of results to the base value stack
+    /// length.
+    pub target_len: usize,
+}
+
+/// Holds the all the metdata to support the emission
+/// of control flow instructions.
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub(crate) enum ControlStackFrame {
+    If {
+        /// The if continuation label.
+        cont: MachLabel,
+        /// The exit label of the block.
+        exit: MachLabel,
+        /// The signature of the block.
+        sig: BlockSig,
+        /// The stack state of the block.
+        stack_state: StackState,
+        /// Local reachability state when entering the block.
+        reachable: bool,
+    },
+    Else {
+        /// The exit label of the block.
+        exit: MachLabel,
+        /// The signature of the block.
+        sig: BlockSig,
+        /// The stack state of the block.
+        stack_state: StackState,
+        /// Local reachability state when entering the block.
+        reachable: bool,
+    },
+    Block {
+        /// The block exit label.
+        exit: MachLabel,
+        /// The signature of the block.
+        sig: BlockSig,
+        /// The stack state of the block.
+        stack_state: StackState,
+        /// Exit state of the block.
+        ///
+        /// This flag is used to dertermine if a block is a branch
+        /// target. By default, this is false, and it's updated when
+        /// emitting a `br` or `br_if`.
+        is_branch_target: bool,
+    },
+    Loop {
+        /// The start of the Loop.
+        head: MachLabel,
+        /// The stack state of the block.
+        stack_state: StackState,
+        /// The signature of the block.
+        sig: BlockSig,
+    },
+}
+
+impl ControlStackFrame {
+    /// Returns [`ControlStackFrame`] for an if.
+    pub fn r#if<M: MacroAssembler>(
+        sig: BlockSig,
+        masm: &mut M,
+        context: &mut CodeGenContext,
+    ) -> Self {
+        let mut control = Self::If {
+            cont: masm.get_label(),
+            exit: masm.get_label(),
+            sig,
+            reachable: context.reachable,
+            stack_state: Default::default(),
+        };
+
+        control.emit(masm, context);
+        control
+    }
+
+    /// Returns [`ControlStackFrame`] for a block.
+    pub fn block<M: MacroAssembler>(
+        sig: BlockSig,
+        masm: &mut M,
+        context: &mut CodeGenContext,
+    ) -> Self {
+        let mut control = Self::Block {
+            sig,
+            is_branch_target: false,
+            exit: masm.get_label(),
+            stack_state: Default::default(),
+        };
+
+        control.emit(masm, context);
+        control
+    }
+
+    /// Returns [`ControlStackFrame`] for a loop.
+    pub fn r#loop<M: MacroAssembler>(
+        sig: BlockSig,
+        masm: &mut M,
+        context: &mut CodeGenContext,
+    ) -> Self {
+        let mut control = Self::Loop {
+            stack_state: Default::default(),
+            sig,
+            head: masm.get_label(),
+        };
+
+        control.emit(masm, context);
+        control
+    }
+
+    fn init<M: MacroAssembler>(&mut self, masm: &mut M, context: &mut CodeGenContext) {
+        self.calculate_stack_state(context, masm);
+        // If the block has stack results, immediately resolve the return area
+        // base.
+        if self.results::<M>().on_stack() {
+            let results_base = self.stack_state().target_offset;
+            self.results::<M>().set_ret_area(RetArea::sp(results_base));
+        }
+
+        if self.is_if() || self.is_loop() {
+            // Preemptively handle block params as results so that the params
+            // are correctly placed in memory. This is especially
+            // important for control flow joins with empty blocks:
+            //
+            //(module
+            //  (func (export "params") (param i32) (result i32)
+            //       (i32.const 2)
+            //       (if (param i32) (result i32) (local.get 0)
+            //       (then))
+            //     (i32.const 3)
+            //     (i32.add)
+            //   )
+            //)
+            let base_offset = self.stack_state().base_offset;
+            if self.params::<M>().on_stack() {
+                let offset = base_offset.as_u32() + self.params::<M>().size();
+                self.params::<M>()
+                    .set_ret_area(RetArea::sp(SPOffset::from_u32(offset)));
+            }
+            Self::top_abi_results_impl(
+                self.params::<M>(),
+                context,
+                masm,
+                |params: &ABIResults, _, _| params.ret_area().copied(),
+            );
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Calculates the [StackState] of the block.
+    fn calculate_stack_state<M: MacroAssembler>(
+        &mut self,
+        context: &mut CodeGenContext,
+        masm: &mut M,
+    ) {
+        use ControlStackFrame::*;
+        let sig = self.sig();
+        // If the block type contains a full [ABISig], do not take into account
+        // the params, since these are the params of the function that is
+        // currently being compiled and the value stack doesn't currently
+        // contain any values anyway.
+        let param_count = if sig.ty.is_sig() {
+            0
+        } else {
+            sig.param_count()
+        };
+        let return_count = sig.return_count();
+        debug_assert!(context.stack.len() >= param_count);
+        let results_size = self.results::<M>().size();
+
+        // Save any live registers and locals.
+        context.spill(masm);
+
+        let base_len = context.stack.len() - param_count;
+        let stack_consumed = context.stack.sizeof(param_count);
+        let current_sp = masm.sp_offset();
+        let base_offset = SPOffset::from_u32(current_sp.as_u32() - stack_consumed);
+
+        match self {
+            If { stack_state, .. } | Block { stack_state, .. } | Loop { stack_state, .. } => {
+                stack_state.base_offset = base_offset;
+                stack_state.base_len = base_len;
+                stack_state.target_offset = SPOffset::from_u32(base_offset.as_u32() + results_size);
+                stack_state.target_len = base_len + return_count;
+            }
+            _ => {}
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// This function ensures that the state of the -- machine and value --
+    /// stack  is the right one when reaching a control frame branch in which
+    /// reachability is restored or when reaching the end of a function in an
+    /// unreachable state. This function is intended to be called when handling
+    /// an unreachable else or end.
+    //
+    /// This function will truncate the value stack to the the base length of
+    /// the control frame and will also set the stack pointer offset to reflect
+    /// the offset expected by the target branch.
+    ///
+    // NB: This method is assumed to be called *before* pushing any block
+    // results to the value stack, so that any excess values are cleaned up.
+    pub fn ensure_stack_state<M: MacroAssembler>(
+        &mut self,
+        masm: &mut M,
+        context: &mut CodeGenContext,
+    ) {
+        let state = self.stack_state();
+        // This assumes that at jump sites, the machine stack poiter will be
+        // adjusted to match the expectations of the target branch (e.g.
+        // `target_offset`); after performing the jump, the MacroAssembler
+        // implementation will soft-reset the stack pointer offset to its
+        // original offset, ensure that other parts of the program have access
+        // to the right offset, this is especially important in conditional
+        // branches.
+        // When restoring reachability we ensure that the MacroAssembler offset
+        // is set to match the expectations of the target branch, similar to how
+        // the machine stack pointer was adjusted at jump sites.
+        masm.reset_stack_pointer(state.target_offset);
+        // We use the base length, because this function is assumed to be called
+        // *before* pushing any results to the value stack. This way, any excess
+        // values will be discarded.
+        context.truncate_stack_to(state.base_len);
+    }
+
+    /// Return the type information of the block.
+    pub fn sig(&self) -> &BlockSig {
+        use ControlStackFrame::*;
+        match self {
+            If { sig, .. } | Else { sig, .. } | Loop { sig, .. } | Block { sig, .. } => sig,
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn emit<M: MacroAssembler>(&mut self, masm: &mut M, context: &mut CodeGenContext) {
+        use ControlStackFrame::*;
+
+        // Do not perform any emissions if we are in an unreachable state.
+        if !context.reachable {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        match *self {
+            If { cont, .. } => {
+                // Pop the condition value.
+                // Because in the case of Self::If, Self::init, will top the
+                // branch params, we exclude any result registers from being
+                // used as the branch test.
+                let top =
+                    context.without::<_, _, _>(self.params::<M>().regs(), masm, |cx, masm| {
+                        cx.pop_to_reg(masm, None)
+                    });
+                self.init(masm, context);
+                masm.branch(
+                    IntCmpKind::Eq,
+                    top.reg.into(),
+                    top.reg.into(),
+                    cont,
+                    OperandSize::S32,
+                );
+                context.free_reg(top);
+            }
+            Block { .. } => self.init(masm, context),
+            Loop { head, .. } => {
+                self.init(masm, context);
+                masm.bind(head);
+            }
+            _ => unreachable!(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Handles the else branch if the current control stack frame is
+    /// [`ControlStackFrame::If`].
+    pub fn emit_else<M: MacroAssembler>(&mut self, masm: &mut M, context: &mut CodeGenContext) {
+        debug_assert!(self.is_if());
+        let state = self.stack_state();
+
+        debug_assert_eq!(state.target_len, context.stack.len());
+        self.pop_abi_results(context, masm, |results, _, _| results.ret_area().copied());
+        masm.jmp(*self.exit_label().unwrap());
+        self.bind_else(masm, context);
+    }
+
+    /// Binds the else branch label and converts `self` to
+    /// [`ControlStackFrame::Else`].
+    pub fn bind_else<M: MacroAssembler>(&mut self, masm: &mut M, context: &mut CodeGenContext) {
+        use ControlStackFrame::*;
+        match self {
+            If {
+                cont,
+                sig,
+                stack_state,
+                exit,
+                ..
+            } => {
+                // Bind the else branch.
+                masm.bind(*cont);
+
+                // Push the abi results to the value stack, so that they are
+                // used as params for the else branch. At the beginning of the
+                // if block, any params are preemptively resolved as results;
+                // when reaching the else all params are already materialized as
+                // stack results. As part of ensuring the right state when
+                // entering the else branch, the following snippet also soft
+                // resets the stack pointer so that it matches the expectations
+                // of the else branch: the stack pointer is expected to be at
+                // the base stack pointer, plus the params stack size in bytes.
+                let params_size = sig.params::<M>().size();
+                context.push_abi_results::<M, _>(sig.params::<M>(), masm, |params, _, _| {
+                    params.ret_area().copied()
+                });
+                masm.reset_stack_pointer(SPOffset::from_u32(
+                    stack_state.base_offset.as_u32() + params_size,
+                ));
+
+                // Update the stack control frame with an else control frame.
+                *self = ControlStackFrame::Else {
+                    exit: *exit,
+                    stack_state: *stack_state,
+                    reachable: context.reachable,
+                    sig: sig.clone(),
+                };
+            }
+            _ => unreachable!(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Handles the end of a control stack frame.
+    pub fn emit_end<M: MacroAssembler>(&mut self, masm: &mut M, context: &mut CodeGenContext) {
+        use ControlStackFrame::*;
+        match self {
+            If { stack_state, .. } | Else { stack_state, .. } | Block { stack_state, .. } => {
+                debug_assert_eq!(stack_state.target_len, context.stack.len());
+                // Before binding the exit label, we handle the block results.
+                self.pop_abi_results(context, masm, |results, _, _| results.ret_area().copied());
+                self.bind_end(masm, context);
+            }
+            Loop { stack_state, .. } => {
+                debug_assert_eq!(stack_state.target_len, context.stack.len());
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Binds the exit label of the current control stack frame and pushes the
+    /// ABI results to the value stack.
+    pub fn bind_end<M: MacroAssembler>(&mut self, masm: &mut M, context: &mut CodeGenContext) {
+        self.push_abi_results(context, masm);
+        self.bind_exit_label(masm);
+    }
+
+    /// Binds the exit label of the control stack frame.
+    pub fn bind_exit_label<M: MacroAssembler>(&self, masm: &mut M) {
+        use ControlStackFrame::*;
+        match self {
+            // We use an explicit label to track the exit of an if block. In case there's no
+            // else, we bind the if's continuation block to make sure that any jumps from the if
+            // condition are reachable and we bind the explicit exit label as well to ensure that any
+            // branching instructions are able to correctly reach the block's end.
+            If { cont, .. } => masm.bind(*cont),
+            _ => {}
+        }
+        if let Some(label) = self.exit_label() {
+            masm.bind(*label);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the continuation label of the current control stack frame.
+    pub fn label(&self) -> &MachLabel {
+        use ControlStackFrame::*;
+
+        match self {
+            If { exit, .. } | Else { exit, .. } | Block { exit, .. } => exit,
+            Loop { head, .. } => head,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the exit label of the current control stack frame. Note that
+    /// this is similar to [`ControlStackFrame::label`], with the only difference that it
+    /// returns `None` for `Loop` since its label doesn't represent an exit.
+    pub fn exit_label(&self) -> Option<&MachLabel> {
+        use ControlStackFrame::*;
+
+        match self {
+            If { exit, .. } | Else { exit, .. } | Block { exit, .. } => Some(exit),
+            Loop { .. } => None,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Set the current control stack frame as a branch target.
+    pub fn set_as_target(&mut self) {
+        match self {
+            ControlStackFrame::Block {
+                is_branch_target, ..
+            } => {
+                *is_branch_target = true;
+            }
+            _ => {}
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Returns [`crate::abi::ABIResults`] of the control stack frame
+    /// block.
+    pub fn results<M>(&mut self) -> &mut ABIResults
+    where
+        M: MacroAssembler,
+    {
+        use ControlStackFrame::*;
+
+        match self {
+            If { sig, .. } | Else { sig, .. } | Block { sig, .. } => sig.results::<M>(),
+            Loop { sig, .. } => sig.params::<M>(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the block params interpreted as [crate::abi::ABIResults].
+    pub fn params<M>(&mut self) -> &mut ABIResults
+    where
+        M: MacroAssembler,
+    {
+        use ControlStackFrame::*;
+        match self {
+            If { sig, .. } | Else { sig, .. } | Block { sig, .. } | Loop { sig, .. } => {
+                sig.params::<M>()
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Orchestrates how blocks results are handled.
+    /// Results are handled in reverse order, starting from register results
+    /// continuing to memory values. This guarantees that the stack ordering
+    /// invariant is maintained. See [ABIResults] for more details.
+    ///
+    /// This function will iterate through each result and invoke the provided
+    /// callback if there are results on the stack.
+    ///
+    /// Calculating the return area involves ensuring that there's enough stack
+    /// space to store the block's results. To make the process of handling
+    /// multiple results easier, this function will save all live registers and
+    /// locals right after handling any register results. This will ensure that
+    /// the top `n` values in the value stack are correctly placed in the memory
+    /// locations corresponding to multiple stack results. Once the iteration
+    /// over all the results is done, the stack result area of the block will be
+    /// updated.
+    pub fn pop_abi_results<M, F>(
+        &mut self,
+        context: &mut CodeGenContext,
+        masm: &mut M,
+        calculate_ret_area: F,
+    ) where
+        M: MacroAssembler,
+        F: FnMut(&ABIResults, &mut CodeGenContext, &mut M) -> Option<RetArea>,
+    {
+        Self::pop_abi_results_impl(self.results::<M>(), context, masm, calculate_ret_area)
+    }
+
+    /// Shared implementation for poppping the ABI results.
+    /// This is needed because, in some cases, params must be interpreted and
+    /// used as the results of the block. When emitting code at control flow
+    /// joins, the block params are interpreted as results, to ensure that they
+    /// can correctly "flow" as the results of the block. This is especially
+    /// important in the presence of empty then, else and loop blocks. This
+    /// interpretation is an internal detail of the control module, and having
+    /// a shared implementation allows the caller to decide how the
+    /// results should be interpreted.
+    pub fn pop_abi_results_impl<M, F>(
+        results: &mut ABIResults,
+        context: &mut CodeGenContext,
+        masm: &mut M,
+        mut calculate_ret_area: F,
+    ) where
+        M: MacroAssembler,
+        F: FnMut(&ABIResults, &mut CodeGenContext, &mut M) -> Option<RetArea>,
+    {
+        let mut iter = results.operands().iter().rev().peekable();
+
+        while let Some(ABIOperand::Reg { reg, .. }) = iter.peek() {
+            let TypedReg { reg, .. } = context.pop_to_reg(masm, Some(*reg));
+            context.free_reg(reg);
+            iter.next().unwrap();
+        }
+
+        let ret_area = calculate_ret_area(results, context, masm);
+
+        let retptr = Self::maybe_load_retptr(ret_area.as_ref(), &results, context, masm);
+        if let Some(area) = ret_area {
+            if area.is_sp() {
+                Self::ensure_ret_area(&area, context, masm);
+            }
+        }
+
+        if let Some(retptr) = retptr {
+            while let Some(ABIOperand::Stack { offset, .. }) = iter.peek() {
+                let addr = masm.address_at_reg(retptr, *offset);
+                context.pop_to_addr(masm, addr);
+                iter.next().unwrap();
+            }
+            context.free_reg(retptr);
+        }
+
+        if let Some(area) = ret_area {
+            if area.is_sp() {
+                Self::adjust_stack_results(area, results, context, masm);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Convenience wrapper around [CodeGenContext::push_abi_results] using the
+    /// results of the current frame.
+    fn push_abi_results<M>(&mut self, context: &mut CodeGenContext, masm: &mut M)
+    where
+        M: MacroAssembler,
+    {
+        context.push_abi_results(self.results::<M>(), masm, |results, _, _| {
+            results.ret_area().copied()
+        })
+    }
+
+    /// Preemptively handles the ABI results of the current frame.
+    /// This function is meant to be used when emitting control flow with joins,
+    /// in which it's not possible to know at compile time which branch will be
+    /// taken.
+    pub fn top_abi_results<M, F>(
+        &mut self,
+        context: &mut CodeGenContext,
+        masm: &mut M,
+        calculate_ret_area: F,
+    ) where
+        M: MacroAssembler,
+        F: FnMut(&ABIResults, &mut CodeGenContext, &mut M) -> Option<RetArea>,
+    {
+        Self::top_abi_results_impl::<M, _>(self.results::<M>(), context, masm, calculate_ret_area)
+    }
+
+    /// Internal implementation of [Self::top_abi_results].
+    /// See [Self::pop_abi_results_impl] on why an internal implementation is
+    /// needed.
+    fn top_abi_results_impl<M, F>(
+        results: &mut ABIResults,
+        context: &mut CodeGenContext,
+        masm: &mut M,
+        mut calculate_ret_area: F,
+    ) where
+        M: MacroAssembler,
+        F: FnMut(&ABIResults, &mut CodeGenContext, &mut M) -> Option<RetArea>,
+    {
+        let mut area = None;
+        Self::pop_abi_results_impl::<M, _>(results, context, masm, |r, context, masm| {
+            area = calculate_ret_area(r, context, masm);
+            area
+        });
+        // Use the previously calculated area to ensure that the ret area is
+        // kept in sync between both operations.
+        context.push_abi_results::<M, _>(results, masm, |_, _, _| area);
+    }
+
+    // If the results on the stack are handled via the stack pointer, ensure
+    // that the stack results are correctly located. In general, since values in
+    // the value stack are spilled when exiting the block, the top `n` entries
+    // in the value stack, representing the `n` stack results of the block are
+    // almost correctly located. However, since constants are not
+    // spilled, their presence complicate block exits. For this reason, the
+    // last step for finalizing multiple block results involves:
+    // * Scanning the value stack from oldest to newest memory values and
+    // calculating the source and destination of each value, if the source
+    // is closer to the stack pointer (greater) than the destination,
+    // perform a memory move of the bytes to its destination, else stop,
+    // because the memory values are in place.
+    // * Scanning the value stack from newest to oldest and calculating the
+    // source and destination of each value, if the source is closer to the
+    // frame pointer (less) than the destination, perform a memory move of
+    // the bytes to its destination, else stop, because the memory values
+    // are in place.
+    // * Lastly, iterate over the top `n` elements of the value stack which
+    // and spill any constant values, placing them in their respective
+    // memory location.
+    //
+    // The implementation in Winch is inspired by how this is handled in
+    // SpiderMonkey's WebAssembly Baseline Compiler:
+    // https://wingolog.org/archives/2020/04/03/multi-value-webassembly-in-firefox-from-1-to-n
+    fn adjust_stack_results<M>(
+        ret_area: RetArea,
+        results: &ABIResults,
+        context: &mut CodeGenContext,
+        masm: &mut M,
+    ) where
+        M: MacroAssembler,
+    {
+        debug_assert!(ret_area.is_sp());
+        let results_offset = ret_area.unwrap_sp();
+
+        // Start iterating from memory values that are closer to the
+        // frame pointer (oldest entries first).
+        for (i, operand) in results.operands().iter().enumerate() {
+            if operand.is_reg() {
+                break;
+            }
+
+            let value_index = (context.stack.len() - results.stack_operands_len()) + i;
+            let val = context.stack.inner()[value_index];
+
+            match (val, operand) {
+                (Val::Memory(mem), ABIOperand::Stack { offset, size, .. }) => {
+                    let dst = results_offset.as_u32() - *offset;
+                    let src = mem.slot.offset;
+
+                    // Values are moved from lower (SP) to higher (FP)
+                    // addresses.
+                    if src.as_u32() <= dst {
+                        break;
+                    }
+
+                    masm.memmove(
+                        src,
+                        SPOffset::from_u32(dst),
+                        *size,
+                        MemMoveDirection::LowToHigh,
+                    );
+                }
+                _ => {}
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Start iterating from memory values that are closer to the
+        // stack pointer (newest entries first).
+        for (i, operand) in results
+            .operands()
+            .iter()
+            .rev()
+            // Skip any register results.
+            .skip(results.regs().len())
+            .enumerate()
+        {
+            let value_index = context.stack.len() - i - 1;
+            let val = context.stack.inner()[value_index];
+            match (val, operand) {
+                (Val::Memory(mem), ABIOperand::Stack { offset, size, .. }) => {
+                    let dst = results_offset.as_u32() - *offset;
+                    let src = mem.slot.offset;
+
+                    // Values are moved from higher (FP) to lower (SP)
+                    // addresses.
+                    if src.as_u32() >= dst {
+                        break;
+                    }
+
+                    masm.memmove(
+                        src,
+                        SPOffset::from_u32(dst),
+                        *size,
+                        MemMoveDirection::HighToLow,
+                    );
+                }
+                _ => {}
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Finally store any constants in the value stack in their respective
+        // locations.
+        for operand in results
+            .operands()
+            .iter()
+            .take(results.stack_operands_len())
+            .rev()
+        {
+            // If we want to do this, we should start from newest, essentially from top to
+            // bottom in the iteration of the operands.
+            match (operand, context.stack.peek().unwrap()) {
+                (ABIOperand::Stack { ty, offset, .. }, Val::I32(v)) => {
+                    let addr =
+                        masm.address_from_sp(SPOffset::from_u32(results_offset.as_u32() - *offset));
+                    masm.store(RegImm::i32(*v), addr, (*ty).into());
+                }
+                (ABIOperand::Stack { ty, offset, .. }, Val::I64(v)) => {
+                    let addr =
+                        masm.address_from_sp(SPOffset::from_u32(results_offset.as_u32() - *offset));
+                    masm.store(RegImm::i64(*v), addr, (*ty).into());
+                }
+                (ABIOperand::Stack { ty, offset, .. }, Val::F32(v)) => {
+                    let addr =
+                        masm.address_from_sp(SPOffset::from_u32(results_offset.as_u32() - *offset));
+                    masm.store(RegImm::f32(v.bits()), addr, (*ty).into());
+                }
+                (ABIOperand::Stack { ty, offset, .. }, Val::F64(v)) => {
+                    let addr =
+                        masm.address_from_sp(SPOffset::from_u32(results_offset.as_u32() - *offset));
+                    masm.store(RegImm::f64(v.bits()), addr, (*ty).into());
+                }
+                (_, v) => debug_assert!(v.is_mem()),
+            }
+
+            let _ = context.stack.pop().unwrap();
+        }
+
+        // Adjust any excess stack space: the stack space after handling the
+        // block's results should be the exact amount needed by the return area.
+        debug_assert!(masm.sp_offset().as_u32() >= results_offset.as_u32());
+        masm.free_stack(masm.sp_offset().as_u32() - results_offset.as_u32());
+    }
+
+    /// Ensures that there is enough space for return values on the stack.
+    /// This function is called at the end of all blocks and when branching from
+    /// within blocks.
+    fn ensure_ret_area<M>(ret_area: &RetArea, context: &mut CodeGenContext, masm: &mut M)
+    where
+        M: MacroAssembler,
+    {
+        debug_assert!(ret_area.is_sp());
+        // Save any live registers and locals when exiting the block to ensure
+        // that the respective values are correctly located in memory.
+        // See [Self::adjust_stack_results] for more details.
+        context.spill(masm);
+        if ret_area.unwrap_sp() > masm.sp_offset() {
+            masm.reserve_stack(ret_area.unwrap_sp().as_u32() - masm.sp_offset().as_u32())
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Loads the return pointer, if it exists, into the next available register.
+    fn maybe_load_retptr<M>(
+        ret_area: Option<&RetArea>,
+        results: &ABIResults,
+        context: &mut CodeGenContext,
+        masm: &mut M,
+    ) -> Option<Reg>
+    where
+        M: MacroAssembler,
+    {
+        ret_area
+            .map(|area| match area {
+                RetArea::Slot(slot) => {
+                    let base = context
+                        .without::<_, M, _>(results.regs(), masm, |cx, masm| cx.any_gpr(masm));
+                    let local_addr = masm.local_address(&slot);
+                    masm.load_ptr(local_addr, base);
+                    Some(base)
+                }
+                _ => None,
+            })
+            .flatten()
+    }
+
+    /// This function is used at the end of unreachable code handling
+    /// to determine if the reachability status should be updated.
+    pub fn is_next_sequence_reachable(&self) -> bool {
+        use ControlStackFrame::*;
+
+        match self {
+            // For if/else, the reachability of the next sequence is determined
+            // by the reachability state at the start of the block. An else
+            // block will be reachable if the if block is also reachable at
+            // entry.
+            If { reachable, .. } | Else { reachable, .. } => *reachable,
+            // For blocks, the reachability of the next sequence is determined
+            // if they're a branch target.
+            Block {
+                is_branch_target, ..
+            } => *is_branch_target,
+            // Loops are not used for reachability analysis,
+            // given that they don't have exit branches.
+            Loop { .. } => false,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Returns a reference to the [StackState] of the block.
+    pub fn stack_state(&self) -> &StackState {
+        use ControlStackFrame::*;
+        match self {
+            If { stack_state, .. }
+            | Else { stack_state, .. }
+            | Block { stack_state, .. }
+            | Loop { stack_state, .. } => stack_state,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Returns true if the current frame is [ControlStackFrame::If].
+    pub fn is_if(&self) -> bool {
+        match self {
+            Self::If { .. } => true,
+            _ => false,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Returns true if the current frame is [ControlStackFrame::Loop].
+    pub fn is_loop(&self) -> bool {
+        match self {
+            Self::Loop { .. } => true,
+            _ => false,
+        }
+    }
+}