wasmtime 17.0.0 → 18.0.3

data/ext/cargo-vendor/wasmtime-wit-bindgen-18.0.3/src/lib.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,2095 @@
+use crate::rust::{to_rust_ident, to_rust_upper_camel_case, RustGenerator, TypeMode};
+use crate::types::{TypeInfo, Types};
+use anyhow::{anyhow, bail, Context};
+use heck::*;
+use indexmap::{IndexMap, IndexSet};
+use std::collections::{BTreeMap, HashMap, HashSet};
+use std::fmt::Write as _;
+use std::io::{Read, Write};
+use std::mem;
+use std::process::{Command, Stdio};
+use wit_parser::*;
+
+macro_rules! uwrite {
+    ($dst:expr, $($arg:tt)*) => {
+        write!($dst, $($arg)*).unwrap()
+    };
+}
+
+macro_rules! uwriteln {
+    ($dst:expr, $($arg:tt)*) => {
+        writeln!($dst, $($arg)*).unwrap()
+    };
+}
+
+mod rust;
+mod source;
+mod types;
+use source::Source;
+
+#[derive(Clone)]
+enum InterfaceName {
+    /// This interface was remapped using `with` to some other Rust code.
+    Remapped {
+        name_at_root: String,
+        local_path: Vec<String>,
+    },
+    /// This interface is generated in the module hierarchy specified.
+    Path(Vec<String>),
+}
+
+#[derive(Default)]
+struct Wasmtime {
+    src: Source,
+    opts: Opts,
+    import_interfaces: Vec<(String, InterfaceName)>,
+    import_functions: Vec<ImportFunction>,
+    exports: Exports,
+    types: Types,
+    sizes: SizeAlign,
+    interface_names: HashMap<InterfaceId, InterfaceName>,
+    with_name_counter: usize,
+    interface_last_seen_as_import: HashMap<InterfaceId, bool>,
+    trappable_errors: IndexMap<TypeId, String>,
+}
+
+struct ImportFunction {
+    add_to_linker: String,
+    sig: String,
+}
+
+#[derive(Default)]
+struct Exports {
+    fields: BTreeMap<String, (String, String)>,
+    modules: Vec<(String, InterfaceName)>,
+    funcs: Vec<String>,
+}
+
+#[derive(Default, Debug, Clone, Copy)]
+pub enum Ownership {
+    /// Generated types will be composed entirely of owning fields, regardless
+    /// of whether they are used as parameters to guest exports or not.
+    #[default]
+    Owning,
+
+    /// Generated types used as parameters to guest exports will be "deeply
+    /// borrowing", i.e. contain references rather than owned values when
+    /// applicable.
+    Borrowing {
+        /// Whether or not to generate "duplicate" type definitions for a single
+        /// WIT type if necessary, for example if it's used as both an import
+        /// and an export, or if it's used both as a parameter to an export and
+        /// a return value from an export.
+        duplicate_if_necessary: bool,
+    },
+}
+
+#[derive(Default, Debug, Clone)]
+pub struct Opts {
+    /// Whether or not `rustfmt` is executed to format generated code.
+    pub rustfmt: bool,
+
+    /// Whether or not to emit `tracing` macro calls on function entry/exit.
+    pub tracing: bool,
+
+    /// Whether or not to use async rust functions and traits.
+    pub async_: AsyncConfig,
+
+    /// A list of "trappable errors" which are used to replace the `E` in
+    /// `result<T, E>` found in WIT.
+    pub trappable_error_type: Vec<TrappableError>,
+
+    /// Whether to generate owning or borrowing type definitions.
+    pub ownership: Ownership,
+
+    /// Whether or not to generate code for only the interfaces of this wit file or not.
+    pub only_interfaces: bool,
+
+    /// Remapping of interface names to rust module names.
+    /// TODO: is there a better type to use for the value of this map?
+    pub with: HashMap<String, String>,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+pub struct TrappableError {
+    /// Full path to the error, such as `wasi:io/streams/error`.
+    pub wit_path: String,
+
+    /// The name, in Rust, of the error type to generate.
+    pub rust_type_name: String,
+}
+
+#[derive(Default, Debug, Clone)]
+pub enum AsyncConfig {
+    /// No functions are `async`.
+    #[default]
+    None,
+    /// All generated functions should be `async`.
+    All,
+    /// These imported functions should not be async, but everything else is.
+    AllExceptImports(HashSet<String>),
+    /// These functions are the only imports that are async, all other imports
+    /// are sync.
+    ///
+    /// Note that all exports are still async in this situation.
+    OnlyImports(HashSet<String>),
+}
+
+impl AsyncConfig {
+    pub fn is_import_async(&self, f: &str) -> bool {
+        match self {
+            AsyncConfig::None => false,
+            AsyncConfig::All => true,
+            AsyncConfig::AllExceptImports(set) => !set.contains(f),
+            AsyncConfig::OnlyImports(set) => set.contains(f),
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn maybe_async(&self) -> bool {
+        match self {
+            AsyncConfig::None => false,
+            AsyncConfig::All | AsyncConfig::AllExceptImports(_) | AsyncConfig::OnlyImports(_) => {
+                true
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl Opts {
+    pub fn generate(&self, resolve: &Resolve, world: WorldId) -> String {
+        let mut r = Wasmtime::default();
+        r.sizes.fill(resolve);
+        r.opts = self.clone();
+        r.generate(resolve, world)
+    }
+}
+
+impl Wasmtime {
+    fn name_interface(
+        &mut self,
+        resolve: &Resolve,
+        id: InterfaceId,
+        name: &WorldKey,
+        is_export: bool,
+    ) -> bool {
+        let mut path = Vec::new();
+        if is_export {
+            path.push("exports".to_string());
+        }
+        match name {
+            WorldKey::Name(name) => {
+                path.push(name.to_snake_case());
+            }
+            WorldKey::Interface(_) => {
+                let iface = &resolve.interfaces[id];
+                let pkgname = &resolve.packages[iface.package.unwrap()].name;
+                path.push(pkgname.namespace.to_snake_case());
+                path.push(self.name_package_module(resolve, iface.package.unwrap()));
+                path.push(iface.name.as_ref().unwrap().to_snake_case());
+            }
+        }
+        let entry = if let Some(remapped_path) = self.lookup_replacement(resolve, name, None) {
+            let remapped_path = remapped_path.to_string();
+            let name = format!("__with_name{}", self.with_name_counter);
+            self.with_name_counter += 1;
+            uwriteln!(self.src, "use {remapped_path} as {name};");
+            InterfaceName::Remapped {
+                name_at_root: name,
+                local_path: path,
+            }
+        } else {
+            InterfaceName::Path(path)
+        };
+
+        let remapped = matches!(entry, InterfaceName::Remapped { .. });
+        self.interface_names.insert(id, entry);
+        remapped
+    }
+
+    /// If the package `id` is the only package with its namespace/name combo
+    /// then pass through the name unmodified. If, however, there are multiple
+    /// versions of this package then the package module is going to get version
+    /// information.
+    fn name_package_module(&self, resolve: &Resolve, id: PackageId) -> String {
+        let pkg = &resolve.packages[id];
+        let versions_with_same_name = resolve
+            .packages
+            .iter()
+            .filter_map(|(_, p)| {
+                if p.name.namespace == pkg.name.namespace && p.name.name == pkg.name.name {
+                    Some(&p.name.version)
+                } else {
+                    None
+                }
+            })
+            .collect::<Vec<_>>();
+        let base = pkg.name.name.to_snake_case();
+        if versions_with_same_name.len() == 1 {
+            return base;
+        }
+
+        let version = match &pkg.name.version {
+            Some(version) => version,
+            // If this package didn't have a version then don't mangle its name
+            // and other packages with the same name but with versions present
+            // will have their names mangled.
+            None => return base,
+        };
+
+        // Here there's multiple packages with the same name that differ only in
+        // version, so the version needs to be mangled into the Rust module name
+        // that we're generating. This in theory could look at all of
+        // `versions_with_same_name` and produce a minimal diff, e.g. for 0.1.0
+        // and 0.2.0 this could generate "foo1" and "foo2", but for now
+        // a simpler path is chosen to generate "foo0_1_0" and "foo0_2_0".
+        let version = version
+            .to_string()
+            .replace('.', "_")
+            .replace('-', "_")
+            .replace('+', "_")
+            .to_snake_case();
+        format!("{base}{version}")
+    }
+
+    fn generate(&mut self, resolve: &Resolve, id: WorldId) -> String {
+        self.types.analyze(resolve, id);
+        for (i, te) in self.opts.trappable_error_type.iter().enumerate() {
+            let id = resolve_type_in_package(resolve, &te.wit_path)
+                .context(format!("resolving {:?}", te))
+                .unwrap();
+            let name = format!("_TrappableError{i}");
+            uwriteln!(self.src, "type {name} = {};", te.rust_type_name);
+            let prev = self.trappable_errors.insert(id, name);
+            assert!(prev.is_none());
+        }
+
+        let world = &resolve.worlds[id];
+        for (name, import) in world.imports.iter() {
+            if !self.opts.only_interfaces || matches!(import, WorldItem::Interface(_)) {
+                self.import(resolve, id, name, import);
+            }
+        }
+
+        for (name, export) in world.exports.iter() {
+            if !self.opts.only_interfaces || matches!(export, WorldItem::Interface(_)) {
+                self.export(resolve, name, export);
+            }
+        }
+        self.finish(resolve, id)
+    }
+
+    fn import(&mut self, resolve: &Resolve, world: WorldId, name: &WorldKey, item: &WorldItem) {
+        let mut gen = InterfaceGenerator::new(self, resolve);
+        match item {
+            WorldItem::Function(func) => {
+                // Only generate a trait signature for free functions since
+                // resource-related functions get their trait signatures
+                // during `type_resource`.
+                if let FunctionKind::Freestanding = func.kind {
+                    gen.generate_function_trait_sig(func);
+                }
+                let sig = mem::take(&mut gen.src).into();
+                gen.generate_add_function_to_linker(TypeOwner::World(world), func, "linker");
+                let add_to_linker = gen.src.into();
+                self.import_functions
+                    .push(ImportFunction { sig, add_to_linker });
+            }
+            WorldItem::Interface(id) => {
+                gen.gen.interface_last_seen_as_import.insert(*id, true);
+                if gen.gen.name_interface(resolve, *id, name, false) {
+                    return;
+                }
+                gen.current_interface = Some((*id, name, false));
+                gen.types(*id);
+                let key_name = resolve.name_world_key(name);
+
+                gen.generate_add_to_linker(*id, &key_name);
+
+                let module = &gen.src[..];
+
+                let snake = match name {
+                    WorldKey::Name(s) => s.to_snake_case(),
+                    WorldKey::Interface(id) => resolve.interfaces[*id]
+                        .name
+                        .as_ref()
+                        .unwrap()
+                        .to_snake_case(),
+                };
+                let module = format!(
+                    "
+                        #[allow(clippy::all)]
+                        pub mod {snake} {{
+                            #[allow(unused_imports)]
+                            use wasmtime::component::__internal::anyhow;
+
+                            {module}
+                        }}
+                    "
+                );
+                self.import_interfaces
+                    .push((module, self.interface_names[id].clone()));
+            }
+            WorldItem::Type(ty) => {
+                let name = match name {
+                    WorldKey::Name(name) => name,
+                    WorldKey::Interface(_) => unreachable!(),
+                };
+                gen.define_type(name, *ty);
+                let body = mem::take(&mut gen.src);
+                self.src.push_str(&body);
+            }
+        };
+    }
+
+    fn export(&mut self, resolve: &Resolve, name: &WorldKey, item: &WorldItem) {
+        let mut gen = InterfaceGenerator::new(self, resolve);
+        let (field, ty, getter) = match item {
+            WorldItem::Function(func) => {
+                gen.define_rust_guest_export(resolve, None, func);
+                let body = mem::take(&mut gen.src).into();
+                let (_name, getter) = gen.extract_typed_function(func);
+                assert!(gen.src.is_empty());
+                self.exports.funcs.push(body);
+                (
+                    func_field_name(resolve, func),
+                    "wasmtime::component::Func".to_string(),
+                    getter,
+                )
+            }
+            WorldItem::Type(_) => unreachable!(),
+            WorldItem::Interface(id) => {
+                gen.gen.interface_last_seen_as_import.insert(*id, false);
+                gen.gen.name_interface(resolve, *id, name, true);
+                gen.current_interface = Some((*id, name, true));
+                gen.types(*id);
+                let struct_name = "Guest";
+                let iface = &resolve.interfaces[*id];
+                let iface_name = match name {
+                    WorldKey::Name(name) => name,
+                    WorldKey::Interface(_) => iface.name.as_ref().unwrap(),
+                };
+                uwriteln!(gen.src, "pub struct {struct_name} {{");
+                for (_, func) in iface.functions.iter() {
+                    uwriteln!(
+                        gen.src,
+                        "{}: wasmtime::component::Func,",
+                        func_field_name(resolve, func)
+                    );
+                }
+                uwriteln!(gen.src, "}}");
+
+                uwriteln!(gen.src, "impl {struct_name} {{");
+                uwrite!(
+                    gen.src,
+                    "
+                        pub fn new(
+                            __exports: &mut wasmtime::component::ExportInstance<'_, '_>,
+                        ) -> wasmtime::Result<{struct_name}> {{
+                    "
+                );
+                let mut fields = Vec::new();
+                for (_, func) in iface.functions.iter() {
+                    let (name, getter) = gen.extract_typed_function(func);
+                    uwriteln!(gen.src, "let {name} = {getter};");
+                    fields.push(name);
+                }
+                uwriteln!(gen.src, "Ok({struct_name} {{");
+                for name in fields {
+                    uwriteln!(gen.src, "{name},");
+                }
+                uwriteln!(gen.src, "}})");
+                uwriteln!(gen.src, "}}");
+
+                let mut resource_methods = IndexMap::new();
+
+                for (_, func) in iface.functions.iter() {
+                    match func.kind {
+                        FunctionKind::Freestanding => {
+                            gen.define_rust_guest_export(resolve, Some(name), func);
+                        }
+                        FunctionKind::Method(id)
+                        | FunctionKind::Constructor(id)
+                        | FunctionKind::Static(id) => {
+                            resource_methods.entry(id).or_insert(Vec::new()).push(func);
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+
+                for (id, _) in resource_methods.iter() {
+                    let name = resolve.types[*id].name.as_ref().unwrap();
+                    let snake = name.to_snake_case();
+                    let camel = name.to_upper_camel_case();
+                    uwriteln!(
+                        gen.src,
+                        "pub fn {snake}(&self) -> Guest{camel}<'_> {{
+                            Guest{camel} {{ funcs: self }}
+                        }}"
+                    );
+                }
+
+                uwriteln!(gen.src, "}}");
+
+                for (id, methods) in resource_methods {
+                    let resource_name = resolve.types[id].name.as_ref().unwrap();
+                    let camel = resource_name.to_upper_camel_case();
+                    uwriteln!(gen.src, "impl Guest{camel}<'_> {{");
+                    for method in methods {
+                        gen.define_rust_guest_export(resolve, Some(name), method);
+                    }
+                    uwriteln!(gen.src, "}}");
+                }
+
+                let module = &gen.src[..];
+                let snake = iface_name.to_snake_case();
+
+                let module = format!(
+                    "
+                        #[allow(clippy::all)]
+                        pub mod {snake} {{
+                            #[allow(unused_imports)]
+                            use wasmtime::component::__internal::anyhow;
+
+                            {module}
+                        }}
+                    "
+                );
+                let pkgname = match name {
+                    WorldKey::Name(_) => None,
+                    WorldKey::Interface(_) => {
+                        Some(resolve.packages[iface.package.unwrap()].name.clone())
+                    }
+                };
+                self.exports
+                    .modules
+                    .push((module, self.interface_names[id].clone()));
+
+                let name = resolve.name_world_key(name);
+                let (path, method_name) = match pkgname {
+                    Some(pkgname) => (
+                        format!(
+                            "exports::{}::{}::{snake}::{struct_name}",
+                            pkgname.namespace.to_snake_case(),
+                            self.name_package_module(resolve, iface.package.unwrap()),
+                        ),
+                        format!(
+                            "{}_{}_{snake}",
+                            pkgname.namespace.to_snake_case(),
+                            self.name_package_module(resolve, iface.package.unwrap())
+                        ),
+                    ),
+                    None => (format!("exports::{snake}::{struct_name}"), snake.clone()),
+                };
+                let getter = format!(
+                    "\
+                        {path}::new(
+                            &mut __exports.instance(\"{name}\")
+                                .ok_or_else(|| anyhow::anyhow!(\"exported instance `{name}` not present\"))?
+                        )?\
+                    "
+                );
+                let field = format!("interface{}", self.exports.fields.len());
+                self.exports.funcs.push(format!(
+                    "
+                        pub fn {method_name}(&self) -> &{path} {{
+                            &self.{field}
+                        }}
+                    ",
+                ));
+                (field, path, getter)
+            }
+        };
+        let prev = self.exports.fields.insert(field, (ty, getter));
+        assert!(prev.is_none());
+    }
+
+    fn build_struct(&mut self, resolve: &Resolve, world: WorldId) {
+        let camel = to_rust_upper_camel_case(&resolve.worlds[world].name);
+        uwriteln!(self.src, "pub struct {camel} {{");
+        for (name, (ty, _)) in self.exports.fields.iter() {
+            uwriteln!(self.src, "{name}: {ty},");
+        }
+        self.src.push_str("}\n");
+
+        let (async_, async__, send, await_) = if self.opts.async_.maybe_async() {
+            ("async", "_async", ":Send", ".await")
+        } else {
+            ("", "", "", "")
+        };
+
+        self.toplevel_import_trait(resolve, world);
+
+        uwriteln!(self.src, "const _: () = {{");
+        uwriteln!(
+            self.src,
+            "
+                #[allow(unused_imports)]
+                use wasmtime::component::__internal::anyhow;
+            "
+        );
+
+        uwriteln!(self.src, "impl {camel} {{");
+        self.toplevel_add_to_linker(resolve, world);
+        uwriteln!(
+            self.src,
+            "
+                /// Instantiates the provided `module` using the specified
+                /// parameters, wrapping up the result in a structure that
+                /// translates between wasm and the host.
+                pub {async_} fn instantiate{async__}<T {send}>(
+                    mut store: impl wasmtime::AsContextMut<Data = T>,
+                    component: &wasmtime::component::Component,
+                    linker: &wasmtime::component::Linker<T>,
+                ) -> wasmtime::Result<(Self, wasmtime::component::Instance)> {{
+                    let instance = linker.instantiate{async__}(&mut store, component){await_}?;
+                    Ok((Self::new(store, &instance)?, instance))
+                }}
+
+                /// Instantiates a pre-instantiated module using the specified
+                /// parameters, wrapping up the result in a structure that
+                /// translates between wasm and the host.
+                pub {async_} fn instantiate_pre<T {send}>(
+                    mut store: impl wasmtime::AsContextMut<Data = T>,
+                    instance_pre: &wasmtime::component::InstancePre<T>,
+                ) -> wasmtime::Result<(Self, wasmtime::component::Instance)> {{
+                    let instance = instance_pre.instantiate{async__}(&mut store){await_}?;
+                    Ok((Self::new(store, &instance)?, instance))
+                }}
+
+                /// Low-level creation wrapper for wrapping up the exports
+                /// of the `instance` provided in this structure of wasm
+                /// exports.
+                ///
+                /// This function will extract exports from the `instance`
+                /// defined within `store` and wrap them all up in the
+                /// returned structure which can be used to interact with
+                /// the wasm module.
+                pub fn new(
+                    mut store: impl wasmtime::AsContextMut,
+                    instance: &wasmtime::component::Instance,
+                ) -> wasmtime::Result<Self> {{
+                    let mut store = store.as_context_mut();
+                    let mut exports = instance.exports(&mut store);
+                    let mut __exports = exports.root();
+            ",
+        );
+        for (name, (_, get)) in self.exports.fields.iter() {
+            uwriteln!(self.src, "let {name} = {get};");
+        }
+        uwriteln!(self.src, "Ok({camel} {{");
+        for (name, _) in self.exports.fields.iter() {
+            uwriteln!(self.src, "{name},");
+        }
+        uwriteln!(self.src, "}})");
+        uwriteln!(self.src, "}}"); // close `fn new`
+
+        for func in self.exports.funcs.iter() {
+            self.src.push_str(func);
+        }
+
+        uwriteln!(self.src, "}}"); // close `impl {camel}`
+
+        uwriteln!(self.src, "}};"); // close `const _: () = ...
+    }
+
+    fn finish(&mut self, resolve: &Resolve, world: WorldId) -> String {
+        if !self.opts.only_interfaces {
+            self.build_struct(resolve, world)
+        }
+
+        let imports = mem::take(&mut self.import_interfaces);
+        self.emit_modules(imports);
+
+        let exports = mem::take(&mut self.exports.modules);
+        self.emit_modules(exports);
+
+        let mut src = mem::take(&mut self.src);
+        if self.opts.rustfmt {
+            let mut child = Command::new("rustfmt")
+                .arg("--edition=2018")
+                .stdin(Stdio::piped())
+                .stdout(Stdio::piped())
+                .spawn()
+                .expect("failed to spawn `rustfmt`");
+            child
+                .stdin
+                .take()
+                .unwrap()
+                .write_all(src.as_bytes())
+                .unwrap();
+            src.as_mut_string().truncate(0);
+            child
+                .stdout
+                .take()
+                .unwrap()
+                .read_to_string(src.as_mut_string())
+                .unwrap();
+            let status = child.wait().unwrap();
+            assert!(status.success());
+        }
+
+        src.into()
+    }
+
+    fn emit_modules(&mut self, modules: Vec<(String, InterfaceName)>) {
+        #[derive(Default)]
+        struct Module {
+            submodules: BTreeMap<String, Module>,
+            contents: Vec<String>,
+        }
+        let mut map = Module::default();
+        for (module, name) in modules {
+            let path = match name {
+                InterfaceName::Remapped { local_path, .. } => local_path,
+                InterfaceName::Path(path) => path,
+            };
+            let mut cur = &mut map;
+            for name in path[..path.len() - 1].iter() {
+                cur = cur
+                    .submodules
+                    .entry(name.clone())
+                    .or_insert(Module::default());
+            }
+            cur.contents.push(module);
+        }
+
+        emit(&mut self.src, map);
+
+        fn emit(me: &mut Source, module: Module) {
+            for (name, submodule) in module.submodules {
+                uwriteln!(me, "pub mod {name} {{");
+                emit(me, submodule);
+                uwriteln!(me, "}}");
+            }
+            for submodule in module.contents {
+                uwriteln!(me, "{submodule}");
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn lookup_replacement(
+        &self,
+        resolve: &Resolve,
+        key: &WorldKey,
+        item: Option<&str>,
+    ) -> Option<&str> {
+        // First try to lookup the exact name of the interface as specified
+        // via `name_world_key`.
+        let name = resolve.name_world_key(key);
+        let candidate1 = match item {
+            Some(item) => format!("{name}/{item}"),
+            None => name.clone(),
+        };
+        if let Some(ret) = self.opts.with.get(&candidate1) {
+            return Some(ret);
+        }
+
+        // .. if the above failed allow omitting the `@...` version information
+        // and see if there's a `with` key for that.
+        //
+        // NB: this means that in a scenario where there's packages with the
+        // same name/namespace where one has a version and one doesn't there's
+        // no way to use `with` to specify just one and not the other. That
+        // should be ok for now, but this should ideally detect a situation like
+        // that and omit this fallback in such a situation.
+        let version_start = name.find('@')?;
+        let name = &name[..version_start];
+        let candidate2 = match item {
+            Some(item) => format!("{name}/{item}"),
+            None => name.to_string(),
+        };
+        if let Some(ret) = self.opts.with.get(&candidate2) {
+            return Some(ret);
+        }
+
+        None
+    }
+}
+
+impl Wasmtime {
+    fn has_world_trait(&self, resolve: &Resolve, world: WorldId) -> bool {
+        !self.import_functions.is_empty() || get_world_resources(resolve, world).count() > 0
+    }
+
+    fn toplevel_import_trait(&mut self, resolve: &Resolve, world: WorldId) {
+        if !self.has_world_trait(resolve, world) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        let world_camel = to_rust_upper_camel_case(&resolve.worlds[world].name);
+        if self.opts.async_.maybe_async() {
+            uwriteln!(self.src, "#[wasmtime::component::__internal::async_trait]")
+        }
+        uwrite!(self.src, "pub trait {world_camel}Imports");
+        for (i, resource) in get_world_resources(resolve, world).enumerate() {
+            if i == 0 {
+                uwrite!(self.src, ": ");
+            } else {
+                uwrite!(self.src, " + ");
+            }
+            uwrite!(self.src, "Host{}", resource.to_upper_camel_case());
+        }
+        uwriteln!(self.src, " {{");
+        for f in self.import_functions.iter() {
+            self.src.push_str(&f.sig);
+            self.src.push_str("\n");
+        }
+        uwriteln!(self.src, "}}");
+    }
+
+    fn toplevel_add_to_linker(&mut self, resolve: &Resolve, world: WorldId) {
+        let has_world_trait = self.has_world_trait(resolve, world);
+        if self.import_interfaces.is_empty() && !has_world_trait {
+            return;
+        }
+        let mut interfaces = Vec::new();
+        for (_, name) in self.import_interfaces.iter() {
+            let path = match name {
+                InterfaceName::Remapped { .. } => unreachable!("imported a remapped module"),
+                InterfaceName::Path(path) => path,
+            };
+            interfaces.push(path.join("::"));
+        }
+
+        uwrite!(
+            self.src,
+            "
+                pub fn add_to_linker<T, U>(
+                    linker: &mut wasmtime::component::Linker<T>,
+                    get: impl Fn(&mut T) -> &mut U + Send + Sync + Copy + 'static,
+                ) -> wasmtime::Result<()>
+                    where U: \
+            "
+        );
+        let world_camel = to_rust_upper_camel_case(&resolve.worlds[world].name);
+        let world_trait = format!("{world_camel}Imports");
+        for (i, name) in interfaces
+            .iter()
+            .map(|n| format!("{n}::Host"))
+            .chain(if has_world_trait {
+                Some(world_trait.clone())
+            } else {
+                None
+            })
+            .enumerate()
+        {
+            if i > 0 {
+                self.src.push_str(" + ");
+            }
+            self.src.push_str(&name);
+        }
+
+        let maybe_send = if self.opts.async_.maybe_async() {
+            " + Send, T: Send"
+        } else {
+            ""
+        };
+
+        self.src.push_str(maybe_send);
+        self.src.push_str(",\n{\n");
+        for name in interfaces.iter() {
+            uwriteln!(self.src, "{name}::add_to_linker(linker, get)?;");
+        }
+        if has_world_trait {
+            uwriteln!(self.src, "Self::add_root_to_linker(linker, get)?;");
+        }
+        uwriteln!(self.src, "Ok(())\n}}");
+        if !has_world_trait {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        uwrite!(
+            self.src,
+            "
+                pub fn add_root_to_linker<T, U>(
+                    linker: &mut wasmtime::component::Linker<T>,
+                    get: impl Fn(&mut T) -> &mut U + Send + Sync + Copy + 'static,
+                ) -> wasmtime::Result<()>
+                    where U: {world_trait}{maybe_send}
+                {{
+                    let mut linker = linker.root();
+            ",
+        );
+        for name in get_world_resources(resolve, world) {
+            let camel = name.to_upper_camel_case();
+            uwriteln!(
+                self.src,
+                "linker.resource(
+                    \"{name}\",
+                    wasmtime::component::ResourceType::host::<{camel}>(),
+                    move |mut store, rep| -> wasmtime::Result<()> {{
+                        Host{camel}::drop(get(store.data_mut()), wasmtime::component::Resource::new_own(rep))
+                    }},
+                )?;"
+            )
+        }
+
+        for f in self.import_functions.iter() {
+            self.src.push_str(&f.add_to_linker);
+            self.src.push_str("\n");
+        }
+        uwriteln!(self.src, "Ok(())\n}}");
+    }
+}
+
+fn resolve_type_in_package(resolve: &Resolve, wit_path: &str) -> anyhow::Result<TypeId> {
+    // Build a map, `packages_to_omit_version`, where that package can be
+    // uniquely identified by its name/namespace combo and as such version
+    // information is not required.
+    let mut packages_with_same_name = HashMap::new();
+    for (id, pkg) in resolve.packages.iter() {
+        packages_with_same_name
+            .entry(PackageName {
+                version: None,
+                ..pkg.name.clone()
+            })
+            .or_insert(Vec::new())
+            .push(id)
+    }
+    let packages_to_omit_version = packages_with_same_name
+        .iter()
+        .filter_map(
+            |(_name, list)| {
+                if list.len() == 1 {
+                    Some(list)
+                } else {
+                    None
+                }
+            },
+        )
+        .flat_map(|l| l)
+        .collect::<HashSet<_>>();
+
+    // Look for an interface whose assigned prefix starts `wit_path`. Not
+    // exactly the most efficient thing ever but is sufficient for now.
+    for (id, interface) in resolve.interfaces.iter() {
+        let iface_name = match &interface.name {
+            Some(name) => name,
+            None => continue,
+        };
+        let pkgid = interface.package.unwrap();
+        let pkgname = &resolve.packages[pkgid].name;
+        let prefix = if packages_to_omit_version.contains(&pkgid) {
+            let mut name = pkgname.clone();
+            name.version = None;
+            format!("{name}/{iface_name}")
+        } else {
+            resolve.id_of(id).unwrap()
+        };
+        let wit_path = match wit_path.strip_prefix(&prefix) {
+            Some(rest) => rest,
+            None => continue,
+        };
+        let wit_path = wit_path
+            .strip_prefix('/')
+            .ok_or_else(|| anyhow!("expected `/` after interface name"))?;
+
+        return interface
+            .types
+            .get(wit_path)
+            .copied()
+            .ok_or_else(|| anyhow!("no types found to match `{wit_path}` in interface"));
+    }
+
+    bail!("no package/interface found to match `{wit_path}`")
+}
+
+struct InterfaceGenerator<'a> {
+    src: Source,
+    gen: &'a mut Wasmtime,
+    resolve: &'a Resolve,
+    current_interface: Option<(InterfaceId, &'a WorldKey, bool)>,
+}
+
+impl<'a> InterfaceGenerator<'a> {
+    fn new(gen: &'a mut Wasmtime, resolve: &'a Resolve) -> InterfaceGenerator<'a> {
+        InterfaceGenerator {
+            src: Source::default(),
+            gen,
+            resolve,
+            current_interface: None,
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn types_imported(&self) -> bool {
+        match self.current_interface {
+            Some((_, _, is_export)) => !is_export,
+            None => true,
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn types(&mut self, id: InterfaceId) {
+        for (name, id) in self.resolve.interfaces[id].types.iter() {
+            self.define_type(name, *id);
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn define_type(&mut self, name: &str, id: TypeId) {
+        let ty = &self.resolve.types[id];
+        match &ty.kind {
+            TypeDefKind::Record(record) => self.type_record(id, name, record, &ty.docs),
+            TypeDefKind::Flags(flags) => self.type_flags(id, name, flags, &ty.docs),
+            TypeDefKind::Tuple(tuple) => self.type_tuple(id, name, tuple, &ty.docs),
+            TypeDefKind::Enum(enum_) => self.type_enum(id, name, enum_, &ty.docs),
+            TypeDefKind::Variant(variant) => self.type_variant(id, name, variant, &ty.docs),
+            TypeDefKind::Option(t) => self.type_option(id, name, t, &ty.docs),
+            TypeDefKind::Result(r) => self.type_result(id, name, r, &ty.docs),
+            TypeDefKind::List(t) => self.type_list(id, name, t, &ty.docs),
+            TypeDefKind::Type(t) => self.type_alias(id, name, t, &ty.docs),
+            TypeDefKind::Future(_) => todo!("generate for future"),
+            TypeDefKind::Stream(_) => todo!("generate for stream"),
+            TypeDefKind::Handle(handle) => self.type_handle(id, name, handle, &ty.docs),
+            TypeDefKind::Resource => self.type_resource(id, name, ty, &ty.docs),
+            TypeDefKind::Unknown => unreachable!(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn type_handle(&mut self, id: TypeId, name: &str, handle: &Handle, docs: &Docs) {
+        self.rustdoc(docs);
+        let name = name.to_upper_camel_case();
+        uwriteln!(self.src, "pub type {name} = ");
+        self.print_handle(handle);
+        self.push_str(";\n");
+        self.assert_type(id, &name);
+    }
+
+    fn type_resource(&mut self, id: TypeId, name: &str, resource: &TypeDef, docs: &Docs) {
+        let camel = name.to_upper_camel_case();
+
+        if self.types_imported() {
+            self.rustdoc(docs);
+
+            let replacement = match self.current_interface {
+                Some((_, key, _)) => self.gen.lookup_replacement(self.resolve, key, Some(name)),
+                None => self.gen.opts.with.get(name).map(|s| s.as_str()),
+            };
+            match replacement {
+                Some(path) => {
+                    uwriteln!(
+                        self.src,
+                        "pub use {}{path} as {camel};",
+                        self.path_to_root()
+                    );
+                }
+                None => {
+                    uwriteln!(self.src, "pub enum {camel} {{}}");
+                }
+            }
+
+            if self.gen.opts.async_.maybe_async() {
+                uwriteln!(self.src, "#[wasmtime::component::__internal::async_trait]")
+            }
+
+            uwriteln!(self.src, "pub trait Host{camel} {{");
+
+            let functions = match resource.owner {
+                TypeOwner::World(id) => self.resolve.worlds[id]
+                    .imports
+                    .values()
+                    .filter_map(|item| match item {
+                        WorldItem::Function(f) => Some(f),
+                        _ => None,
+                    })
+                    .collect(),
+                TypeOwner::Interface(id) => self.resolve.interfaces[id]
+                    .functions
+                    .values()
+                    .collect::<Vec<_>>(),
+                TypeOwner::None => {
+                    panic!("A resource must be owned by a world or interface");
+                }
+            };
+
+            for func in functions {
+                match func.kind {
+                    FunctionKind::Method(resource)
+                    | FunctionKind::Static(resource)
+                    | FunctionKind::Constructor(resource)
+                        if id == resource => {}
+                    _ => continue,
+                }
+
+                self.generate_function_trait_sig(func);
+            }
+
+            uwrite!(
+                self.src,
+                "fn drop(&mut self, rep: wasmtime::component::Resource<{camel}>) -> wasmtime::Result<()>;");
+
+            uwriteln!(self.src, "}}");
+        } else {
+            self.rustdoc(docs);
+            uwriteln!(
+                self.src,
+                "
+                    pub type {camel} = wasmtime::component::ResourceAny;
+
+                    pub struct Guest{camel}<'a> {{
+                        funcs: &'a Guest,
+                    }}
+                "
+            );
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn type_record(&mut self, id: TypeId, _name: &str, record: &Record, docs: &Docs) {
+        let info = self.info(id);
+        for (name, mode) in self.modes_of(id) {
+            let lt = self.lifetime_for(&info, mode);
+            self.rustdoc(docs);
+
+            self.push_str("#[derive(wasmtime::component::ComponentType)]\n");
+            if lt.is_none() {
+                self.push_str("#[derive(wasmtime::component::Lift)]\n");
+            }
+            self.push_str("#[derive(wasmtime::component::Lower)]\n");
+            self.push_str("#[component(record)]\n");
+
+            if info.is_copy() {
+                self.push_str("#[derive(Copy, Clone)]\n");
+            } else if info.is_clone() {
+                self.push_str("#[derive(Clone)]\n");
+            }
+            self.push_str(&format!("pub struct {}", name));
+            self.print_generics(lt);
+            self.push_str(" {\n");
+            for field in record.fields.iter() {
+                self.rustdoc(&field.docs);
+                self.push_str(&format!("#[component(name = \"{}\")]\n", field.name));
+                self.push_str("pub ");
+                self.push_str(&to_rust_ident(&field.name));
+                self.push_str(": ");
+                self.print_ty(&field.ty, mode);
+                self.push_str(",\n");
+            }
+            self.push_str("}\n");
+
+            self.push_str("impl");
+            self.print_generics(lt);
+            self.push_str(" core::fmt::Debug for ");
+            self.push_str(&name);
+            self.print_generics(lt);
+            self.push_str(" {\n");
+            self.push_str(
+                "fn fmt(&self, f: &mut core::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> core::fmt::Result {\n",
+            );
+            self.push_str(&format!("f.debug_struct(\"{}\")", name));
+            for field in record.fields.iter() {
+                self.push_str(&format!(
+                    ".field(\"{}\", &self.{})",
+                    field.name,
+                    to_rust_ident(&field.name)
+                ));
+            }
+            self.push_str(".finish()\n");
+            self.push_str("}\n");
+            self.push_str("}\n");
+
+            if info.error {
+                self.push_str("impl");
+                self.print_generics(lt);
+                self.push_str(" core::fmt::Display for ");
+                self.push_str(&name);
+                self.print_generics(lt);
+                self.push_str(" {\n");
+                self.push_str(
+                    "fn fmt(&self, f: &mut core::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> core::fmt::Result {\n",
+                );
+                self.push_str("write!(f, \"{:?}\", self)\n");
+                self.push_str("}\n");
+                self.push_str("}\n");
+                self.push_str("impl std::error::Error for ");
+                self.push_str(&name);
+                self.push_str("{}\n");
+            }
+            self.assert_type(id, &name);
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn type_tuple(&mut self, id: TypeId, _name: &str, tuple: &Tuple, docs: &Docs) {
+        let info = self.info(id);
+        for (name, mode) in self.modes_of(id) {
+            let lt = self.lifetime_for(&info, mode);
+            self.rustdoc(docs);
+            self.push_str(&format!("pub type {}", name));
+            self.print_generics(lt);
+            self.push_str(" = (");
+            for ty in tuple.types.iter() {
+                self.print_ty(ty, mode);
+                self.push_str(",");
+            }
+            self.push_str(");\n");
+            self.assert_type(id, &name);
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn type_flags(&mut self, id: TypeId, name: &str, flags: &Flags, docs: &Docs) {
+        self.rustdoc(docs);
+        let rust_name = to_rust_upper_camel_case(name);
+        self.src.push_str("wasmtime::component::flags!(\n");
+        self.src.push_str(&format!("{rust_name} {{\n"));
+        for flag in flags.flags.iter() {
+            // TODO wasmtime-component-macro doesnt support docs for flags rn
+            uwrite!(
+                self.src,
+                "#[component(name=\"{}\")] const {};\n",
+                flag.name,
+                flag.name.to_shouty_snake_case()
+            );
+        }
+        self.src.push_str("}\n");
+        self.src.push_str(");\n\n");
+        self.assert_type(id, &rust_name);
+    }
+
+    fn type_variant(&mut self, id: TypeId, _name: &str, variant: &Variant, docs: &Docs) {
+        self.print_rust_enum(
+            id,
+            variant.cases.iter().map(|c| {
+                (
+                    c.name.to_upper_camel_case(),
+                    Some(c.name.clone()),
+                    &c.docs,
+                    c.ty.as_ref(),
+                )
+            }),
+            docs,
+            "variant",
+        );
+    }
+
+    fn type_option(&mut self, id: TypeId, _name: &str, payload: &Type, docs: &Docs) {
+        let info = self.info(id);
+
+        for (name, mode) in self.modes_of(id) {
+            self.rustdoc(docs);
+            let lt = self.lifetime_for(&info, mode);
+            self.push_str(&format!("pub type {}", name));
+            self.print_generics(lt);
+            self.push_str("= Option<");
+            self.print_ty(payload, mode);
+            self.push_str(">;\n");
+            self.assert_type(id, &name);
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Emit a double-check that the wit-parser-understood size of a type agrees
+    // with the Wasmtime-understood size of a type.
+    fn assert_type(&mut self, id: TypeId, name: &str) {
+        self.push_str("const _: () = {\n");
+        uwriteln!(
+            self.src,
+            "assert!({} == <{name} as wasmtime::component::ComponentType>::SIZE32);",
+            self.gen.sizes.size(&Type::Id(id)),
+        );
+        uwriteln!(
+            self.src,
+            "assert!({} == <{name} as wasmtime::component::ComponentType>::ALIGN32);",
+            self.gen.sizes.align(&Type::Id(id)),
+        );
+        self.push_str("};\n");
+    }
+
+    fn print_rust_enum<'b>(
+        &mut self,
+        id: TypeId,
+        cases: impl IntoIterator<Item = (String, Option<String>, &'b Docs, Option<&'b Type>)> + Clone,
+        docs: &Docs,
+        derive_component: &str,
+    ) where
+        Self: Sized,
+    {
+        let info = self.info(id);
+
+        for (name, mode) in self.modes_of(id) {
+            let name = to_rust_upper_camel_case(&name);
+
+            self.rustdoc(docs);
+            let lt = self.lifetime_for(&info, mode);
+            self.push_str("#[derive(wasmtime::component::ComponentType)]\n");
+            if lt.is_none() {
+                self.push_str("#[derive(wasmtime::component::Lift)]\n");
+            }
+            self.push_str("#[derive(wasmtime::component::Lower)]\n");
+            self.push_str(&format!("#[component({})]\n", derive_component));
+            if info.is_copy() {
+                self.push_str("#[derive(Copy, Clone)]\n");
+            } else if info.is_clone() {
+                self.push_str("#[derive(Clone)]\n");
+            }
+            self.push_str(&format!("pub enum {name}"));
+            self.print_generics(lt);
+            self.push_str("{\n");
+            for (case_name, component_name, docs, payload) in cases.clone() {
+                self.rustdoc(docs);
+                if let Some(n) = component_name {
+                    self.push_str(&format!("#[component(name = \"{}\")] ", n));
+                }
+                self.push_str(&case_name);
+                if let Some(ty) = payload {
+                    self.push_str("(");
+                    self.print_ty(ty, mode);
+                    self.push_str(")")
+                }
+                self.push_str(",\n");
+            }
+            self.push_str("}\n");
+
+            self.print_rust_enum_debug(
+                id,
+                mode,
+                &name,
+                cases
+                    .clone()
+                    .into_iter()
+                    .map(|(name, _attr, _docs, ty)| (name, ty)),
+            );
+
+            if info.error {
+                self.push_str("impl");
+                self.print_generics(lt);
+                self.push_str(" core::fmt::Display for ");
+                self.push_str(&name);
+                self.print_generics(lt);
+                self.push_str(" {\n");
+                self.push_str(
+                    "fn fmt(&self, f: &mut core::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> core::fmt::Result {\n",
+                );
+                self.push_str("write!(f, \"{:?}\", self)");
+                self.push_str("}\n");
+                self.push_str("}\n");
+                self.push_str("\n");
+
+                self.push_str("impl");
+                self.print_generics(lt);
+                self.push_str(" std::error::Error for ");
+                self.push_str(&name);
+                self.print_generics(lt);
+                self.push_str(" {}\n");
+            }
+
+            self.assert_type(id, &name);
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn print_rust_enum_debug<'b>(
+        &mut self,
+        id: TypeId,
+        mode: TypeMode,
+        name: &str,
+        cases: impl IntoIterator<Item = (String, Option<&'b Type>)>,
+    ) where
+        Self: Sized,
+    {
+        let info = self.info(id);
+        let lt = self.lifetime_for(&info, mode);
+        self.push_str("impl");
+        self.print_generics(lt);
+        self.push_str(" core::fmt::Debug for ");
+        self.push_str(name);
+        self.print_generics(lt);
+        self.push_str(" {\n");
+        self.push_str("fn fmt(&self, f: &mut core::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> core::fmt::Result {\n");
+        self.push_str("match self {\n");
+        for (case_name, payload) in cases {
+            self.push_str(name);
+            self.push_str("::");
+            self.push_str(&case_name);
+            if payload.is_some() {
+                self.push_str("(e)");
+            }
+            self.push_str(" => {\n");
+            self.push_str(&format!("f.debug_tuple(\"{}::{}\")", name, case_name));
+            if payload.is_some() {
+                self.push_str(".field(e)");
+            }
+            self.push_str(".finish()\n");
+            self.push_str("}\n");
+        }
+        self.push_str("}\n");
+        self.push_str("}\n");
+        self.push_str("}\n");
+    }
+
+    fn type_result(&mut self, id: TypeId, _name: &str, result: &Result_, docs: &Docs) {
+        let info = self.info(id);
+
+        for (name, mode) in self.modes_of(id) {
+            self.rustdoc(docs);
+            let lt = self.lifetime_for(&info, mode);
+            self.push_str(&format!("pub type {}", name));
+            self.print_generics(lt);
+            self.push_str("= Result<");
+            self.print_optional_ty(result.ok.as_ref(), mode);
+            self.push_str(",");
+            self.print_optional_ty(result.err.as_ref(), mode);
+            self.push_str(">;\n");
+            self.assert_type(id, &name);
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn type_enum(&mut self, id: TypeId, name: &str, enum_: &Enum, docs: &Docs) {
+        let info = self.info(id);
+
+        let name = to_rust_upper_camel_case(name);
+        self.rustdoc(docs);
+        self.push_str("#[derive(wasmtime::component::ComponentType)]\n");
+        self.push_str("#[derive(wasmtime::component::Lift)]\n");
+        self.push_str("#[derive(wasmtime::component::Lower)]\n");
+        self.push_str("#[component(enum)]\n");
+        self.push_str("#[derive(Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]\n");
+        self.push_str(&format!("pub enum {} {{\n", name));
+        for case in enum_.cases.iter() {
+            self.rustdoc(&case.docs);
+            self.push_str(&format!("#[component(name = \"{}\")]", case.name));
+            self.push_str(&case.name.to_upper_camel_case());
+            self.push_str(",\n");
+        }
+        self.push_str("}\n");
+
+        // Auto-synthesize an implementation of the standard `Error` trait for
+        // error-looking types based on their name.
+        if info.error {
+            self.push_str("impl ");
+            self.push_str(&name);
+            self.push_str("{\n");
+
+            self.push_str("pub fn name(&self) -> &'static str {\n");
+            self.push_str("match self {\n");
+            for case in enum_.cases.iter() {
+                self.push_str(&name);
+                self.push_str("::");
+                self.push_str(&case.name.to_upper_camel_case());
+                self.push_str(" => \"");
+                self.push_str(case.name.as_str());
+                self.push_str("\",\n");
+            }
+            self.push_str("}\n");
+            self.push_str("}\n");
+
+            self.push_str("pub fn message(&self) -> &'static str {\n");
+            self.push_str("match self {\n");
+            for case in enum_.cases.iter() {
+                self.push_str(&name);
+                self.push_str("::");
+                self.push_str(&case.name.to_upper_camel_case());
+                self.push_str(" => \"");
+                if let Some(contents) = &case.docs.contents {
+                    self.push_str(contents.trim());
+                }
+                self.push_str("\",\n");
+            }
+            self.push_str("}\n");
+            self.push_str("}\n");
+
+            self.push_str("}\n");
+
+            self.push_str("impl core::fmt::Debug for ");
+            self.push_str(&name);
+            self.push_str(
+                "{\nfn fmt(&self, f: &mut core::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> core::fmt::Result {\n",
+            );
+            self.push_str("f.debug_struct(\"");
+            self.push_str(&name);
+            self.push_str("\")\n");
+            self.push_str(".field(\"code\", &(*self as i32))\n");
+            self.push_str(".field(\"name\", &self.name())\n");
+            self.push_str(".field(\"message\", &self.message())\n");
+            self.push_str(".finish()\n");
+            self.push_str("}\n");
+            self.push_str("}\n");
+
+            self.push_str("impl core::fmt::Display for ");
+            self.push_str(&name);
+            self.push_str(
+                "{\nfn fmt(&self, f: &mut core::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> core::fmt::Result {\n",
+            );
+            self.push_str("write!(f, \"{} (error {})\", self.name(), *self as i32)");
+            self.push_str("}\n");
+            self.push_str("}\n");
+            self.push_str("\n");
+            self.push_str("impl std::error::Error for ");
+            self.push_str(&name);
+            self.push_str("{}\n");
+        } else {
+            self.print_rust_enum_debug(
+                id,
+                TypeMode::Owned,
+                &name,
+                enum_
+                    .cases
+                    .iter()
+                    .map(|c| (c.name.to_upper_camel_case(), None)),
+            )
+        }
+        self.assert_type(id, &name);
+    }
+
+    fn type_alias(&mut self, id: TypeId, _name: &str, ty: &Type, docs: &Docs) {
+        let info = self.info(id);
+        for (name, mode) in self.modes_of(id) {
+            self.rustdoc(docs);
+            self.push_str(&format!("pub type {}", name));
+            let lt = self.lifetime_for(&info, mode);
+            self.print_generics(lt);
+            self.push_str(" = ");
+            self.print_ty(ty, mode);
+            self.push_str(";\n");
+            let def_id = resolve_type_definition_id(self.resolve, id);
+            if !matches!(self.resolve().types[def_id].kind, TypeDefKind::Resource) {
+                self.assert_type(id, &name);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn type_list(&mut self, id: TypeId, _name: &str, ty: &Type, docs: &Docs) {
+        let info = self.info(id);
+        for (name, mode) in self.modes_of(id) {
+            let lt = self.lifetime_for(&info, mode);
+            self.rustdoc(docs);
+            self.push_str(&format!("pub type {}", name));
+            self.print_generics(lt);
+            self.push_str(" = ");
+            self.print_list(ty, mode);
+            self.push_str(";\n");
+            self.assert_type(id, &name);
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn print_result_ty(&mut self, results: &Results, mode: TypeMode) {
+        match results {
+            Results::Named(rs) => match rs.len() {
+                0 => self.push_str("()"),
+                1 => self.print_ty(&rs[0].1, mode),
+                _ => {
+                    self.push_str("(");
+                    for (i, (_, ty)) in rs.iter().enumerate() {
+                        if i > 0 {
+                            self.push_str(", ")
+                        }
+                        self.print_ty(ty, mode)
+                    }
+                    self.push_str(")");
+                }
+            },
+            Results::Anon(ty) => self.print_ty(ty, mode),
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn special_case_trappable_error(
+        &self,
+        results: &Results,
+    ) -> Option<(&'a Result_, TypeId, String)> {
+        // We fillin a special trappable error type in the case when a function has just one
+        // result, which is itself a `result<a, e>`, and the `e` is *not* a primitive
+        // (i.e. defined in std) type, and matches the typename given by the user.
+        let mut i = results.iter_types();
+        let id = match i.next()? {
+            Type::Id(id) => id,
+            _ => return None,
+        };
+        if i.next().is_some() {
+            return None;
+        }
+        let result = match &self.resolve.types[*id].kind {
+            TypeDefKind::Result(r) => r,
+            _ => return None,
+        };
+        let error_typeid = match result.err? {
+            Type::Id(id) => resolve_type_definition_id(&self.resolve, id),
+            _ => return None,
+        };
+
+        let name = self.gen.trappable_errors.get(&error_typeid)?;
+
+        let mut path = self.path_to_root();
+        uwrite!(path, "{name}");
+        Some((result, error_typeid, path))
+    }
+
+    fn generate_add_to_linker(&mut self, id: InterfaceId, name: &str) {
+        let iface = &self.resolve.interfaces[id];
+        let owner = TypeOwner::Interface(id);
+
+        if self.gen.opts.async_.maybe_async() {
+            uwriteln!(self.src, "#[wasmtime::component::__internal::async_trait]")
+        }
+        // Generate the `pub trait` which represents the host functionality for
+        // this import which additionally inherits from all resource traits
+        // for this interface defined by `type_resource`.
+        uwrite!(self.src, "pub trait Host");
+        for (i, resource) in get_resources(self.resolve, id).enumerate() {
+            if i == 0 {
+                uwrite!(self.src, ": ");
+            } else {
+                uwrite!(self.src, " + ");
+            }
+            uwrite!(self.src, "Host{}", resource.to_upper_camel_case());
+        }
+        uwriteln!(self.src, " {{");
+        for (_, func) in iface.functions.iter() {
+            match func.kind {
+                FunctionKind::Freestanding => {}
+                _ => continue,
+            }
+            self.generate_function_trait_sig(func);
+        }
+
+        // Generate `convert_*` functions to convert custom trappable errors
+        // into the representation required by Wasmtime's component API.
+        let mut required_conversion_traits = IndexSet::new();
+        let mut errors_converted = IndexSet::new();
+        let my_error_types = iface
+            .types
+            .iter()
+            .filter(|(_, id)| self.gen.trappable_errors.contains_key(*id))
+            .map(|(_, id)| *id);
+        let used_error_types = iface
+            .functions
+            .iter()
+            .filter_map(|(_, func)| self.special_case_trappable_error(&func.results))
+            .map(|(_, id, _)| id);
+        for err in my_error_types.chain(used_error_types).collect::<Vec<_>>() {
+            let custom_name = &self.gen.trappable_errors[&err];
+            let err = &self.resolve.types[resolve_type_definition_id(self.resolve, err)];
+            let err_name = err.name.as_ref().unwrap();
+            let err_snake = err_name.to_snake_case();
+            let err_camel = err_name.to_upper_camel_case();
+            let owner = match err.owner {
+                TypeOwner::Interface(i) => i,
+                _ => unimplemented!(),
+            };
+            match self.path_to_interface(owner) {
+                Some(path) => {
+                    required_conversion_traits.insert(format!("{path}::Host"));
+                }
+                None => {
+                    if errors_converted.insert(err_name) {
+                        let root = self.path_to_root();
+                        uwriteln!(
+                            self.src,
+                            "fn convert_{err_snake}(&mut self, err: {root}{custom_name}) -> wasmtime::Result<{err_camel}>;"
+                        );
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        uwriteln!(self.src, "}}");
+
+        let mut where_clause = if self.gen.opts.async_.maybe_async() {
+            "T: Send, U: Host + Send".to_string()
+        } else {
+            "U: Host".to_string()
+        };
+
+        for t in required_conversion_traits {
+            where_clause.push_str(" + ");
+            where_clause.push_str(&t);
+        }
+
+        uwriteln!(
+            self.src,
+            "
+                pub fn add_to_linker<T, U>(
+                    linker: &mut wasmtime::component::Linker<T>,
+                    get: impl Fn(&mut T) -> &mut U + Send + Sync + Copy + 'static,
+                ) -> wasmtime::Result<()>
+                    where {where_clause}
+                {{
+            "
+        );
+        uwriteln!(self.src, "let mut inst = linker.instance(\"{name}\")?;");
+
+        for name in get_resources(self.resolve, id) {
+            let camel = name.to_upper_camel_case();
+            uwriteln!(
+                self.src,
+                "inst.resource(
+                    \"{name}\",
+                    wasmtime::component::ResourceType::host::<{camel}>(),
+                    move |mut store, rep| -> wasmtime::Result<()> {{
+                        Host{camel}::drop(get(store.data_mut()), wasmtime::component::Resource::new_own(rep))
+                    }},
+                )?;"
+            )
+        }
+
+        for (_, func) in iface.functions.iter() {
+            self.generate_add_function_to_linker(owner, func, "inst");
+        }
+        uwriteln!(self.src, "Ok(())");
+        uwriteln!(self.src, "}}");
+    }
+
+    fn generate_add_function_to_linker(&mut self, owner: TypeOwner, func: &Function, linker: &str) {
+        uwrite!(
+            self.src,
+            "{linker}.{}(\"{}\", ",
+            if self.gen.opts.async_.is_import_async(&func.name) {
+                "func_wrap_async"
+            } else {
+                "func_wrap"
+            },
+            func.name
+        );
+        self.generate_guest_import_closure(owner, func);
+        uwriteln!(self.src, ")?;")
+    }
+
+    fn generate_guest_import_closure(&mut self, owner: TypeOwner, func: &Function) {
+        // Generate the closure that's passed to a `Linker`, the final piece of
+        // codegen here.
+
+        self.src
+            .push_str("move |mut caller: wasmtime::StoreContextMut<'_, T>, (");
+        for (i, _param) in func.params.iter().enumerate() {
+            uwrite!(self.src, "arg{},", i);
+        }
+        self.src.push_str(") : (");
+
+        for (_, ty) in func.params.iter() {
+            // Lift is required to be impled for this type, so we can't use
+            // a borrowed type:
+            self.print_ty(ty, TypeMode::Owned);
+            self.src.push_str(", ");
+        }
+        self.src.push_str(") |");
+        if self.gen.opts.async_.is_import_async(&func.name) {
+            self.src.push_str(" Box::new(async move { \n");
+        } else {
+            self.src.push_str(" { \n");
+        }
+
+        if self.gen.opts.tracing {
+            uwrite!(
+                self.src,
+                "
+                   let span = tracing::span!(
+                       tracing::Level::TRACE,
+                       \"wit-bindgen import\",
+                       module = \"{}\",
+                       function = \"{}\",
+                   );
+                   let _enter = span.enter();
+               ",
+                match owner {
+                    TypeOwner::Interface(id) => self.resolve.interfaces[id]
+                        .name
+                        .as_deref()
+                        .unwrap_or("<no module>"),
+                    TypeOwner::World(id) => &self.resolve.worlds[id].name,
+                    TypeOwner::None => "<no owner>",
+                },
+                func.name,
+            );
+            let mut event_fields = func
+                .params
+                .iter()
+                .enumerate()
+                .map(|(i, (name, _ty))| {
+                    let name = to_rust_ident(&name);
+                    format!("{name} = tracing::field::debug(&arg{i})")
+                })
+                .collect::<Vec<String>>();
+            event_fields.push(format!("\"call\""));
+            uwrite!(
+                self.src,
+                "tracing::event!(tracing::Level::TRACE, {});\n",
+                event_fields.join(", ")
+            );
+        }
+
+        self.src.push_str("let host = get(caller.data_mut());\n");
+        let func_name = rust_function_name(func);
+        let host_trait = match func.kind {
+            FunctionKind::Freestanding => match owner {
+                TypeOwner::World(id) => format!(
+                    "{}Imports",
+                    self.resolve.worlds[id].name.to_upper_camel_case()
+                ),
+                _ => "Host".to_string(),
+            },
+            FunctionKind::Method(id) | FunctionKind::Static(id) | FunctionKind::Constructor(id) => {
+                let resource = self.resolve.types[id]
+                    .name
+                    .as_ref()
+                    .unwrap()
+                    .to_upper_camel_case();
+                format!("Host{resource}")
+            }
+        };
+        uwrite!(self.src, "let r = {host_trait}::{func_name}(host, ");
+
+        for (i, _) in func.params.iter().enumerate() {
+            uwrite!(self.src, "arg{},", i);
+        }
+        if self.gen.opts.async_.is_import_async(&func.name) {
+            uwrite!(self.src, ").await;\n");
+        } else {
+            uwrite!(self.src, ");\n");
+        }
+
+        if self.gen.opts.tracing {
+            uwrite!(
+                self.src,
+                "tracing::event!(tracing::Level::TRACE, result = tracing::field::debug(&r), \"return\");"
+            );
+        }
+
+        if let Some((_, err, _)) = self.special_case_trappable_error(&func.results) {
+            let err = &self.resolve.types[resolve_type_definition_id(self.resolve, err)];
+            let err_name = err.name.as_ref().unwrap();
+            let owner = match err.owner {
+                TypeOwner::Interface(i) => i,
+                _ => unimplemented!(),
+            };
+            let convert_trait = match self.path_to_interface(owner) {
+                Some(path) => format!("{path}::Host"),
+                None => format!("Host"),
+            };
+            let convert = format!("{}::convert_{}", convert_trait, err_name.to_snake_case());
+            uwrite!(
+                self.src,
+                "Ok((match r {{
+                    Ok(a) => Ok(a),
+                    Err(e) => Err({convert}(host, e)?),
+                }},))"
+            );
+        } else if func.results.iter_types().len() == 1 {
+            uwrite!(self.src, "Ok((r?,))\n");
+        } else {
+            uwrite!(self.src, "r\n");
+        }
+
+        if self.gen.opts.async_.is_import_async(&func.name) {
+            // Need to close Box::new and async block
+            self.src.push_str("})");
+        } else {
+            self.src.push_str("}");
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn generate_function_trait_sig(&mut self, func: &Function) {
+        self.rustdoc(&func.docs);
+
+        if self.gen.opts.async_.is_import_async(&func.name) {
+            self.push_str("async ");
+        }
+        self.push_str("fn ");
+        self.push_str(&rust_function_name(func));
+        self.push_str("(&mut self, ");
+        for (name, param) in func.params.iter() {
+            let name = to_rust_ident(name);
+            self.push_str(&name);
+            self.push_str(": ");
+            self.print_ty(param, TypeMode::Owned);
+            self.push_str(",");
+        }
+        self.push_str(")");
+        self.push_str(" -> ");
+
+        if let Some((r, _id, error_typename)) = self.special_case_trappable_error(&func.results) {
+            // Functions which have a single result `result<ok,err>` get special
+            // cased to use the host_wasmtime_rust::Error<err>, making it possible
+            // for them to trap or use `?` to propogate their errors
+            self.push_str("Result<");
+            if let Some(ok) = r.ok {
+                self.print_ty(&ok, TypeMode::Owned);
+            } else {
+                self.push_str("()");
+            }
+            self.push_str(",");
+            self.push_str(&error_typename);
+            self.push_str(">");
+        } else {
+            // All other functions get their return values wrapped in an wasmtime::Result.
+            // Returning the anyhow::Error case can be used to trap.
+            self.push_str("wasmtime::Result<");
+            self.print_result_ty(&func.results, TypeMode::Owned);
+            self.push_str(">");
+        }
+
+        self.push_str(";\n");
+    }
+
+    fn extract_typed_function(&mut self, func: &Function) -> (String, String) {
+        let prev = mem::take(&mut self.src);
+        let snake = func_field_name(self.resolve, func);
+        uwrite!(self.src, "*__exports.typed_func::<(");
+        for (_, ty) in func.params.iter() {
+            self.print_ty(ty, TypeMode::AllBorrowed("'_"));
+            self.push_str(", ");
+        }
+        self.src.push_str("), (");
+        for ty in func.results.iter_types() {
+            self.print_ty(ty, TypeMode::Owned);
+            self.push_str(", ");
+        }
+        self.src.push_str(")>(\"");
+        self.src.push_str(&func.name);
+        self.src.push_str("\")?.func()");
+
+        let ret = (snake, mem::take(&mut self.src).to_string());
+        self.src = prev;
+        ret
+    }
+
+    fn define_rust_guest_export(
+        &mut self,
+        resolve: &Resolve,
+        ns: Option<&WorldKey>,
+        func: &Function,
+    ) {
+        // Exports must be async if anything could be async, it's just imports
+        // that get to be optionally async/sync.
+        let is_async = self.gen.opts.async_.maybe_async();
+
+        let (async_, async__, await_) = if is_async {
+            ("async", "_async", ".await")
+        } else {
+            ("", "", "")
+        };
+
+        self.rustdoc(&func.docs);
+
+        uwrite!(
+            self.src,
+            "pub {async_} fn call_{}<S: wasmtime::AsContextMut>(&self, mut store: S, ",
+            func.item_name().to_snake_case(),
+        );
+
+        for (i, param) in func.params.iter().enumerate() {
+            uwrite!(self.src, "arg{}: ", i);
+            self.print_ty(&param.1, TypeMode::AllBorrowed("'_"));
+            self.push_str(",");
+        }
+
+        self.src.push_str(") -> wasmtime::Result<");
+        self.print_result_ty(&func.results, TypeMode::Owned);
+
+        if is_async {
+            self.src
+                .push_str("> where <S as wasmtime::AsContext>::Data: Send {\n");
+        } else {
+            self.src.push_str("> {\n");
+        }
+
+        if self.gen.opts.tracing {
+            let ns = match ns {
+                Some(key) => resolve.name_world_key(key),
+                None => "default".to_string(),
+            };
+            self.src.push_str(&format!(
+                "
+                   let span = tracing::span!(
+                       tracing::Level::TRACE,
+                       \"wit-bindgen export\",
+                       module = \"{ns}\",
+                       function = \"{}\",
+                   );
+                   let _enter = span.enter();
+               ",
+                func.name,
+            ));
+        }
+
+        self.src.push_str("let callee = unsafe {\n");
+        self.src.push_str("wasmtime::component::TypedFunc::<(");
+        for (_, ty) in func.params.iter() {
+            self.print_ty(ty, TypeMode::AllBorrowed("'_"));
+            self.push_str(", ");
+        }
+        self.src.push_str("), (");
+        for ty in func.results.iter_types() {
+            self.print_ty(ty, TypeMode::Owned);
+            self.push_str(", ");
+        }
+        let projection_to_func = match &func.kind {
+            FunctionKind::Freestanding => "",
+            _ => ".funcs",
+        };
+        uwriteln!(
+            self.src,
+            ")>::new_unchecked(self{projection_to_func}.{})",
+            func_field_name(self.resolve, func),
+        );
+        self.src.push_str("};\n");
+        self.src.push_str("let (");
+        for (i, _) in func.results.iter_types().enumerate() {
+            uwrite!(self.src, "ret{},", i);
+        }
+        uwrite!(
+            self.src,
+            ") = callee.call{async__}(store.as_context_mut(), ("
+        );
+        for (i, _) in func.params.iter().enumerate() {
+            uwrite!(self.src, "arg{}, ", i);
+        }
+        uwriteln!(self.src, ")){await_}?;");
+
+        uwriteln!(
+            self.src,
+            "callee.post_return{async__}(store.as_context_mut()){await_}?;"
+        );
+
+        self.src.push_str("Ok(");
+        if func.results.iter_types().len() == 1 {
+            self.src.push_str("ret0");
+        } else {
+            self.src.push_str("(");
+            for (i, _) in func.results.iter_types().enumerate() {
+                uwrite!(self.src, "ret{},", i);
+            }
+            self.src.push_str(")");
+        }
+        self.src.push_str(")\n");
+
+        // End function body
+        self.src.push_str("}\n");
+    }
+
+    fn rustdoc(&mut self, docs: &Docs) {
+        let docs = match &docs.contents {
+            Some(docs) => docs,
+            None => return,
+        };
+        for line in docs.trim().lines() {
+            self.push_str("/// ");
+            self.push_str(line);
+            self.push_str("\n");
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn path_to_root(&self) -> String {
+        let mut path_to_root = String::new();
+        if let Some((_, key, is_export)) = self.current_interface {
+            match key {
+                WorldKey::Name(_) => {
+                    path_to_root.push_str("super::");
+                }
+                WorldKey::Interface(_) => {
+                    path_to_root.push_str("super::super::super::");
+                }
+            }
+            if is_export {
+                path_to_root.push_str("super::");
+            }
+        }
+        path_to_root
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'a> RustGenerator<'a> for InterfaceGenerator<'a> {
+    fn resolve(&self) -> &'a Resolve {
+        self.resolve
+    }
+
+    fn ownership(&self) -> Ownership {
+        self.gen.opts.ownership
+    }
+
+    fn path_to_interface(&self, interface: InterfaceId) -> Option<String> {
+        if let Some((cur, _, _)) = self.current_interface {
+            if cur == interface {
+                return None;
+            }
+        }
+        let mut path_to_root = self.path_to_root();
+        match &self.gen.interface_names[&interface] {
+            InterfaceName::Remapped { name_at_root, .. } => path_to_root.push_str(name_at_root),
+            InterfaceName::Path(path) => {
+                for (i, name) in path.iter().enumerate() {
+                    if i > 0 {
+                        path_to_root.push_str("::");
+                    }
+                    path_to_root.push_str(name);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        Some(path_to_root)
+    }
+
+    fn push_str(&mut self, s: &str) {
+        self.src.push_str(s);
+    }
+
+    fn info(&self, ty: TypeId) -> TypeInfo {
+        self.gen.types.get(ty)
+    }
+
+    fn is_imported_interface(&self, interface: InterfaceId) -> bool {
+        self.gen.interface_last_seen_as_import[&interface]
+    }
+}
+
+/// When an interface `use`s a type from another interface, it creates a new TypeId
+/// referring to the definition TypeId. Chase this chain of references down to
+/// a TypeId for type's definition.
+fn resolve_type_definition_id(resolve: &Resolve, mut id: TypeId) -> TypeId {
+    loop {
+        match resolve.types[id].kind {
+            TypeDefKind::Type(Type::Id(def_id)) => id = def_id,
+            _ => return id,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+fn rust_function_name(func: &Function) -> String {
+    match func.kind {
+        FunctionKind::Method(_) | FunctionKind::Static(_) => to_rust_ident(func.item_name()),
+        FunctionKind::Constructor(_) => "new".to_string(),
+        FunctionKind::Freestanding => to_rust_ident(&func.name),
+    }
+}
+
+fn func_field_name(resolve: &Resolve, func: &Function) -> String {
+    let mut name = String::new();
+    match func.kind {
+        FunctionKind::Method(id) => {
+            name.push_str("method-");
+            name.push_str(resolve.types[id].name.as_ref().unwrap());
+            name.push_str("-");
+        }
+        FunctionKind::Static(id) => {
+            name.push_str("static-");
+            name.push_str(resolve.types[id].name.as_ref().unwrap());
+            name.push_str("-");
+        }
+        FunctionKind::Constructor(id) => {
+            name.push_str("constructor-");
+            name.push_str(resolve.types[id].name.as_ref().unwrap());
+            name.push_str("-");
+        }
+        FunctionKind::Freestanding => {}
+    }
+    name.push_str(func.item_name());
+    name.to_snake_case()
+}
+
+fn get_resources<'a>(resolve: &'a Resolve, id: InterfaceId) -> impl Iterator<Item = &'a str> + 'a {
+    resolve.interfaces[id]
+        .types
+        .iter()
+        .filter_map(move |(name, ty)| match resolve.types[*ty].kind {
+            TypeDefKind::Resource => Some(name.as_str()),
+            _ => None,
+        })
+}
+
+fn get_world_resources<'a>(
+    resolve: &'a Resolve,
+    id: WorldId,
+) -> impl Iterator<Item = &'a str> + 'a {
+    resolve.worlds[id]
+        .imports
+        .iter()
+        .filter_map(move |(name, item)| match item {
+            WorldItem::Type(id) => match resolve.types[*id].kind {
+                TypeDefKind::Resource => Some(match name {
+                    WorldKey::Name(s) => s.as_str(),
+                    WorldKey::Interface(_) => unreachable!(),
+                }),
+                _ => None,
+            },
+            _ => None,
+        })
+}