wasmtime 10.0.1 → 12.0.0

data/ext/cargo-vendor/wasmtime-environ-12.0.0/src/component/translate/inline.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,1327 @@
+//! Implementation of "inlining" a component into a flat list of initializers.
+//!
+//! After the first phase of compiling a component we're left with a single
+//! root `Translation` for the original component along with a "static" list of
+//! child components. Each `Translation` has a list of `LocalInitializer` items
+//! inside of it which is a primitive representation of how the component
+//! should be constructed with effectively one initializer per item in the
+//! index space of a component. This "local initializer" list would be
+//! relatively inefficient to process at runtime and more importantly doesn't
+//! convey enough information to understand what trampolines need to be
+//! compiled or what fused adapters need to be generated. This consequently is
+//! the motivation for this file.
+//!
+//! The second phase of compilation, inlining here, will in a sense interpret
+//! the initializers, at compile time, into a new list of `GlobalInitializer` entries
+//! which are a sort of "global initializer". The generated `GlobalInitializer` is
+//! much more specific than the `LocalInitializer` and additionally far fewer
+//! `GlobalInitializer` structures are generated (in theory) than there are local
+//! initializers.
+//!
+//! The "inlining" portion of the name of this module indicates how the
+//! instantiation of a component is interpreted as calling a function. The
+//! function's arguments are the imports provided to the instantiation of a
+//! component, and further nested function calls happen on a stack when a
+//! nested component is instantiated. The inlining then refers to how this
+//! stack of instantiations is flattened to one list of `GlobalInitializer`
+//! entries to represent the process of instantiating a component graph,
+//! similar to how function inlining removes call instructions and creates one
+//! giant function for a call graph. Here there are no inlining heuristics or
+//! anything like that, we simply inline everything into the root component's
+//! list of initializers.
+//!
+//! Another primary task this module performs is a form of dataflow analysis
+//! to represent items in each index space with their definition rather than
+//! references of relative indices. These definitions (all the `*Def` types in
+//! this module) are not local to any one nested component and instead
+//! represent state available at runtime tracked in the final `Component`
+//! produced.
+//!
+//! With all this pieced together the general idea is relatively
+//! straightforward. All of a component's initializers are processed in sequence
+//! where instantiating a nested component pushes a "frame" onto a stack to
+//! start executing and we resume at the old one when we're done. Items are
+//! tracked where they come from and at the end after processing only the
+//! side-effectful initializers are emitted to the `GlobalInitializer` list in the
+//! final `Component`.
+
+use crate::component::translate::adapt::{Adapter, AdapterOptions};
+use crate::component::translate::*;
+use crate::{EntityType, PrimaryMap};
+use indexmap::IndexMap;
+use std::borrow::Cow;
+
+pub(super) fn run(
+    types: &mut ComponentTypesBuilder,
+    result: &Translation<'_>,
+    nested_modules: &PrimaryMap<StaticModuleIndex, ModuleTranslation<'_>>,
+    nested_components: &PrimaryMap<StaticComponentIndex, Translation<'_>>,
+) -> Result<dfg::ComponentDfg> {
+    let mut inliner = Inliner {
+        nested_modules,
+        nested_components,
+        result: Default::default(),
+        import_path_interner: Default::default(),
+        runtime_instances: PrimaryMap::default(),
+    };
+
+    let index = RuntimeComponentInstanceIndex::from_u32(0);
+
+    // The initial arguments to the root component are all host imports. This
+    // means that they're all using the `ComponentItemDef::Host` variant. Here
+    // an `ImportIndex` is allocated for each item and then the argument is
+    // recorded.
+    //
+    // Note that this is represents the abstract state of a host import of an
+    // item since we don't know the precise structure of the host import.
+    let mut args = HashMap::with_capacity(result.exports.len());
+    let mut path = Vec::new();
+    types.resources_mut().set_current_instance(index);
+    let types_ref = result.types_ref();
+    for init in result.initializers.iter() {
+        let (name, ty) = match *init {
+            LocalInitializer::Import(name, ty) => (name, ty),
+            _ => continue,
+        };
+
+        // Before `convert_component_entity_type` below all resource types
+        // introduced by this import need to be registered and have indexes
+        // assigned to them. Any fresh new resource type referred to by imports
+        // is a brand new introduction of a resource which needs to have a type
+        // allocated to it, so new runtime imports are injected for each
+        // resource along with updating the `imported_resources` map.
+        let index = inliner.result.import_types.next_key();
+        types.resources_mut().register_component_entity_type(
+            &types_ref,
+            ty,
+            &mut path,
+            &mut |path| {
+                let index = inliner.runtime_import(&ImportPath {
+                    index,
+                    path: path.iter().copied().map(Into::into).collect(),
+                });
+                inliner.result.imported_resources.push(index)
+            },
+        );
+
+        // With resources all taken care of it's now possible to convert this
+        // into Wasmtime's type system.
+        let ty = types.convert_component_entity_type(types_ref, ty)?;
+
+        // Imports of types that aren't resources are not required to be
+        // specified by the host since it's just for type information within
+        // the component.
+        if let TypeDef::Interface(_) = ty {
+            continue;
+        }
+        let index = inliner
+            .result
+            .import_types
+            .push((name.as_str().to_string(), ty));
+        let path = ImportPath::root(index);
+        args.insert(name.as_str(), ComponentItemDef::from_import(path, ty)?);
+    }
+
+    // This will run the inliner to completion after being seeded with the
+    // initial frame. When the inliner finishes it will return the exports of
+    // the root frame which are then used for recording the exports of the
+    // component.
+    inliner.result.num_runtime_component_instances += 1;
+    let frame = InlinerFrame::new(index, result, ComponentClosure::default(), args, None);
+    let resources_snapshot = types.resources_mut().clone();
+    let mut frames = vec![(frame, resources_snapshot)];
+    let exports = inliner.run(types, &mut frames)?;
+    assert!(frames.is_empty());
+
+    let mut export_map = Default::default();
+    for (name, def) in exports {
+        inliner.record_export(name, def, types, &mut export_map)?;
+    }
+    inliner.result.exports = export_map;
+    inliner.result.num_resource_tables = types.num_resource_tables();
+
+    Ok(inliner.result)
+}
+
+struct Inliner<'a> {
+    /// The list of static modules that were found during initial translation of
+    /// the component.
+    ///
+    /// This is used during the instantiation of these modules to ahead-of-time
+    /// order the arguments precisely according to what the module is defined as
+    /// needing which avoids the need to do string lookups or permute arguments
+    /// at runtime.
+    nested_modules: &'a PrimaryMap<StaticModuleIndex, ModuleTranslation<'a>>,
+
+    /// The list of static components that were found during initial translation of
+    /// the component.
+    ///
+    /// This is used when instantiating nested components to push a new
+    /// `InlinerFrame` with the `Translation`s here.
+    nested_components: &'a PrimaryMap<StaticComponentIndex, Translation<'a>>,
+
+    /// The final `Component` that is being constructed and returned from this
+    /// inliner.
+    result: dfg::ComponentDfg,
+
+    // Maps used to "intern" various runtime items to only save them once at
+    // runtime instead of multiple times.
+    import_path_interner: HashMap<ImportPath<'a>, RuntimeImportIndex>,
+
+    /// Origin information about where each runtime instance came from
+    runtime_instances: PrimaryMap<dfg::InstanceId, InstanceModule>,
+}
+
+/// A "stack frame" as part of the inlining process, or the progress through
+/// instantiating a component.
+///
+/// All instantiations of a component will create an `InlinerFrame` and are
+/// incrementally processed via the `initializers` list here. Note that the
+/// inliner frames are stored on the heap to avoid recursion based on user
+/// input.
+struct InlinerFrame<'a> {
+    instance: RuntimeComponentInstanceIndex,
+
+    /// The remaining initializers to process when instantiating this component.
+    initializers: std::slice::Iter<'a, LocalInitializer<'a>>,
+
+    /// The component being instantiated.
+    translation: &'a Translation<'a>,
+
+    /// The "closure arguments" to this component, or otherwise the maps indexed
+    /// by `ModuleUpvarIndex` and `ComponentUpvarIndex`. This is created when
+    /// a component is created and stored as part of a component's state during
+    /// inlining.
+    closure: ComponentClosure<'a>,
+
+    /// The arguments to the creation of this component.
+    ///
+    /// At the root level these are all imports from the host and between
+    /// components this otherwise tracks how all the arguments are defined.
+    args: HashMap<&'a str, ComponentItemDef<'a>>,
+
+    // core wasm index spaces
+    funcs: PrimaryMap<FuncIndex, dfg::CoreDef>,
+    memories: PrimaryMap<MemoryIndex, dfg::CoreExport<EntityIndex>>,
+    tables: PrimaryMap<TableIndex, dfg::CoreExport<EntityIndex>>,
+    globals: PrimaryMap<GlobalIndex, dfg::CoreExport<EntityIndex>>,
+    modules: PrimaryMap<ModuleIndex, ModuleDef<'a>>,
+
+    // component model index spaces
+    component_funcs: PrimaryMap<ComponentFuncIndex, ComponentFuncDef<'a>>,
+    module_instances: PrimaryMap<ModuleInstanceIndex, ModuleInstanceDef<'a>>,
+    component_instances: PrimaryMap<ComponentInstanceIndex, ComponentInstanceDef<'a>>,
+    components: PrimaryMap<ComponentIndex, ComponentDef<'a>>,
+
+    /// The type of instance produced by completing the instantiation of this
+    /// frame.
+    ///
+    /// This is a wasmparser-relative piece of type information which is used to
+    /// register resource types after instantiation has completed.
+    ///
+    /// This is `Some` for all subcomponents and `None` for the root component.
+    instance_ty: Option<TypeId>,
+}
+
+/// "Closure state" for a component which is resolved from the `ClosedOverVars`
+/// state that was calculated during translation.
+//
+// FIXME: this is cloned quite a lot and given the internal maps if this is a
+// perf issue we may want to `Rc` these fields. Note that this is only a perf
+// hit at compile-time though which we in general don't pay too too much
+// attention to.
+#[derive(Default, Clone)]
+struct ComponentClosure<'a> {
+    modules: PrimaryMap<ModuleUpvarIndex, ModuleDef<'a>>,
+    components: PrimaryMap<ComponentUpvarIndex, ComponentDef<'a>>,
+}
+
+/// Representation of a "path" into an import.
+///
+/// Imports from the host at this time are one of three things:
+///
+/// * Functions
+/// * Core wasm modules
+/// * "Instances" of these three items
+///
+/// The "base" values are functions and core wasm modules, but the abstraction
+/// of an instance allows embedding functions/modules deeply within other
+/// instances. This "path" represents optionally walking through a host instance
+/// to get to the final desired item. At runtime instances are just maps of
+/// values and so this is used to ensure that we primarily only deal with
+/// individual functions and modules instead of synthetic instances.
+#[derive(Clone, PartialEq, Hash, Eq)]
+struct ImportPath<'a> {
+    index: ImportIndex,
+    path: Vec<Cow<'a, str>>,
+}
+
+/// Representation of all items which can be defined within a component.
+///
+/// This is the "value" of an item defined within a component and is used to
+/// represent both imports and exports.
+#[derive(Clone)]
+enum ComponentItemDef<'a> {
+    Component(ComponentDef<'a>),
+    Instance(ComponentInstanceDef<'a>),
+    Func(ComponentFuncDef<'a>),
+    Module(ModuleDef<'a>),
+    Type(TypeDef),
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone)]
+enum ModuleDef<'a> {
+    /// A core wasm module statically defined within the original component.
+    ///
+    /// The `StaticModuleIndex` indexes into the `static_modules` map in the
+    /// `Inliner`.
+    Static(StaticModuleIndex),
+
+    /// A core wasm module that was imported from the host.
+    Import(ImportPath<'a>, TypeModuleIndex),
+}
+
+// Note that unlike all other `*Def` types which are not allowed to have local
+// indices this type does indeed have local indices. That is represented with
+// the lack of a `Clone` here where once this is created it's never moved across
+// components because module instances always stick within one component.
+enum ModuleInstanceDef<'a> {
+    /// A core wasm module instance was created through the instantiation of a
+    /// module.
+    ///
+    /// The `RuntimeInstanceIndex` was the index allocated as this was the
+    /// `n`th instantiation and the `ModuleIndex` points into an
+    /// `InlinerFrame`'s local index space.
+    Instantiated(dfg::InstanceId, ModuleIndex),
+
+    /// A "synthetic" core wasm module which is just a bag of named indices.
+    ///
+    /// Note that this can really only be used for passing as an argument to
+    /// another module's instantiation and is used to rename arguments locally.
+    Synthetic(&'a HashMap<&'a str, EntityIndex>),
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone)]
+enum ComponentFuncDef<'a> {
+    /// A host-imported component function.
+    Import(ImportPath<'a>),
+
+    /// A core wasm function was lifted into a component function.
+    Lifted {
+        ty: TypeFuncIndex,
+        func: dfg::CoreDef,
+        options: AdapterOptions,
+    },
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone)]
+enum ComponentInstanceDef<'a> {
+    /// A host-imported instance.
+    ///
+    /// This typically means that it's "just" a map of named values. It's not
+    /// actually supported to take a `wasmtime::component::Instance` and pass it
+    /// to another instance at this time.
+    Import(ImportPath<'a>, TypeComponentInstanceIndex),
+
+    /// A concrete map of values.
+    ///
+    /// This is used for both instantiated components as well as "synthetic"
+    /// components. This variant can be used for both because both are
+    /// represented by simply a bag of items within the entire component
+    /// instantiation process.
+    //
+    // FIXME: same as the issue on `ComponentClosure` where this is cloned a lot
+    // and may need `Rc`.
+    Items(IndexMap<&'a str, ComponentItemDef<'a>>),
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone)]
+struct ComponentDef<'a> {
+    index: StaticComponentIndex,
+    closure: ComponentClosure<'a>,
+}
+
+impl<'a> Inliner<'a> {
+    /// Symbolically instantiates a component using the type information and
+    /// `frames` provided.
+    ///
+    /// The `types` provided is the type information for the entire component
+    /// translation process. This is a distinct output artifact separate from
+    /// the component metadata.
+    ///
+    /// The `frames` argument is storage to handle a "call stack" of components
+    /// instantiating one another. The youngest frame (last element) of the
+    /// frames list is a component that's currently having its initializers
+    /// processed. The second element of each frame is a snapshot of the
+    /// resource-related information just before the frame was translated. For
+    /// more information on this snapshotting see the documentation on
+    /// `ResourcesBuilder`.
+    fn run(
+        &mut self,
+        types: &mut ComponentTypesBuilder,
+        frames: &mut Vec<(InlinerFrame<'a>, ResourcesBuilder)>,
+    ) -> Result<IndexMap<&'a str, ComponentItemDef<'a>>> {
+        // This loop represents the execution of the instantiation of a
+        // component. This is an iterative process which is finished once all
+        // initializers are processed. Currently this is modeled as an infinite
+        // loop which drives the top-most iterator of the `frames` stack
+        // provided as an argument to this function.
+        loop {
+            let (frame, _) = frames.last_mut().unwrap();
+            types.resources_mut().set_current_instance(frame.instance);
+            match frame.initializers.next() {
+                // Process the initializer and if it started the instantiation
+                // of another component then we push that frame on the stack to
+                // continue onwards.
+                Some(init) => match self.initializer(frame, types, init)? {
+                    Some(new_frame) => {
+                        frames.push((new_frame, types.resources_mut().clone()));
+                    }
+                    None => {}
+                },
+
+                // If there are no more initializers for this frame then the
+                // component it represents has finished instantiation. The
+                // exports of the component are collected and then the entire
+                // frame is discarded. The exports are then either pushed in the
+                // parent frame, if any, as a new component instance or they're
+                // returned from this function for the root set of exports.
+                None => {
+                    let exports = frame
+                        .translation
+                        .exports
+                        .iter()
+                        .map(|(name, item)| Ok((*name, frame.item(*item, types)?)))
+                        .collect::<Result<_>>()?;
+                    let instance_ty = frame.instance_ty;
+                    let (_, snapshot) = frames.pop().unwrap();
+                    *types.resources_mut() = snapshot;
+                    match frames.last_mut() {
+                        Some((parent, _)) => {
+                            parent.finish_instantiate(
+                                ComponentInstanceDef::Items(exports),
+                                instance_ty.unwrap(),
+                                types,
+                            );
+                        }
+                        None => break Ok(exports),
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn initializer(
+        &mut self,
+        frame: &mut InlinerFrame<'a>,
+        types: &mut ComponentTypesBuilder,
+        initializer: &'a LocalInitializer,
+    ) -> Result<Option<InlinerFrame<'a>>> {
+        use LocalInitializer::*;
+
+        match initializer {
+            // When a component imports an item the actual definition of the
+            // item is looked up here (not at runtime) via its name. The
+            // arguments provided in our `InlinerFrame` describe how each
+            // argument was defined, so we simply move it from there into the
+            // correct index space.
+            //
+            // Note that for the root component this will add `*::Import` items
+            // but for sub-components this will do resolution to connect what
+            // was provided as an import at the instantiation-site to what was
+            // needed during the component's instantiation.
+            Import(name, ty) => {
+                let arg = match frame.args.get(name.as_str()) {
+                    Some(arg) => arg,
+
+                    // Not all arguments need to be provided for instantiation,
+                    // namely the root component in Wasmtime doesn't require
+                    // structural type imports to be satisfied. These type
+                    // imports are relevant for bindings generators and such but
+                    // as a runtime there's not really a definition to fit in.
+                    //
+                    // If no argument was provided for `name` then it's asserted
+                    // that this is a type import and additionally it's not a
+                    // resource type import (which indeed must be provided). If
+                    // all that passes then this initializer is effectively
+                    // skipped.
+                    None => {
+                        match ty {
+                            ComponentEntityType::Type { created, .. } => {
+                                match frame.translation.types_ref()[*created] {
+                                    wasmparser::types::Type::Resource(_) => unreachable!(),
+                                    _ => {}
+                                }
+                            }
+                            _ => unreachable!(),
+                        }
+                        return Ok(None);
+                    }
+                };
+
+                // Next resource types need to be handled. For example if a
+                // resource is imported into this component then it needs to be
+                // assigned a unique table to provide the isolation guarantees
+                // of resources (this component's table is shared with no
+                // others). Here `register_component_entity_type` will find
+                // imported resources and then `lookup_resource` will find the
+                // resource within `arg` as necessary to lookup the original
+                // true definition of this resource.
+                //
+                // This is what enables tracking true resource origins
+                // throughout component translation while simultaneously also
+                // tracking unique tables for each resource in each component.
+                let mut path = Vec::new();
+                let (resources, types) = types.resources_mut_and_types();
+                resources.register_component_entity_type(
+                    &frame.translation.types_ref(),
+                    *ty,
+                    &mut path,
+                    &mut |path| arg.lookup_resource(path, types),
+                );
+
+                // And now with all the type information out of the way the
+                // `arg` definition is moved into its corresponding index space.
+                frame.push_item(arg.clone());
+            }
+
+            // Lowering a component function to a core wasm function is
+            // generally what "triggers compilation". Here various metadata is
+            // recorded and then the final component gets an initializer
+            // recording the lowering.
+            //
+            // NB: at this time only lowered imported functions are supported.
+            Lower {
+                func,
+                options,
+                canonical_abi,
+                lower_ty,
+            } => {
+                let lower_ty =
+                    types.convert_component_func_type(frame.translation.types_ref(), *lower_ty)?;
+                let options_lower = self.adapter_options(frame, types, options);
+                let func = match &frame.component_funcs[*func] {
+                    // If this component function was originally a host import
+                    // then this is a lowered host function which needs a
+                    // trampoline to enter WebAssembly. That's recorded here
+                    // with all relevant information.
+                    ComponentFuncDef::Import(path) => {
+                        let import = self.runtime_import(path);
+                        let options = self.canonical_options(options_lower);
+                        let index = self.result.trampolines.push((
+                            *canonical_abi,
+                            dfg::Trampoline::LowerImport {
+                                import,
+                                options,
+                                lower_ty,
+                            },
+                        ));
+                        dfg::CoreDef::Trampoline(index)
+                    }
+
+                    // This case handles when a lifted function is later
+                    // lowered, and both the lowering and the lifting are
+                    // happening within the same component instance.
+                    //
+                    // In this situation if the `canon.lower`'d function is
+                    // called then it immediately sets `may_enter` to `false`.
+                    // When calling the callee, however, that's `canon.lift`
+                    // which immediately traps if `may_enter` is `false`. That
+                    // means that this pairing of functions creates a function
+                    // that always traps.
+                    //
+                    // When closely reading the spec though the precise trap
+                    // that comes out can be somewhat variable. Technically the
+                    // function yielded here is one that should validate the
+                    // arguments by lifting them, and then trap. This means that
+                    // the trap could be different depending on whether all
+                    // arguments are valid for now. This was discussed in
+                    // WebAssembly/component-model#51 somewhat and the
+                    // conclusion was that we can probably get away with "always
+                    // trap" here.
+                    //
+                    // The `CoreDef::AlwaysTrap` variant here is used to
+                    // indicate that this function is valid but if something
+                    // actually calls it then it just generates a trap
+                    // immediately.
+                    ComponentFuncDef::Lifted {
+                        options: options_lift,
+                        ..
+                    } if options_lift.instance == options_lower.instance => {
+                        let index = self
+                            .result
+                            .trampolines
+                            .push((*canonical_abi, dfg::Trampoline::AlwaysTrap));
+                        dfg::CoreDef::Trampoline(index)
+                    }
+
+                    // Lowering a lifted function where the destination
+                    // component is different than the source component means
+                    // that a "fused adapter" was just identified.
+                    //
+                    // Metadata about this fused adapter is recorded in the
+                    // `Adapters` output of this compilation pass. Currently the
+                    // implementation of fused adapters is to generate a core
+                    // wasm module which is instantiated with relevant imports
+                    // and the exports are used as the fused adapters. At this
+                    // time we don't know when precisely the instance will be
+                    // created but we do know that the result of this will be an
+                    // export from a previously-created instance.
+                    //
+                    // To model this the result of this arm is a
+                    // `CoreDef::Export`. The actual indices listed within the
+                    // export are "fake indices" in the sense of they're not
+                    // resolved yet. This resolution will happen at a later
+                    // compilation phase. Any usages of the `CoreDef::Export`
+                    // here will be detected and rewritten to an actual runtime
+                    // instance created.
+                    //
+                    // The `instance` field of the `CoreExport` has a marker
+                    // which indicates that it's a fused adapter. The `item` is
+                    // a function where the function index corresponds to the
+                    // `adapter_idx` which contains the metadata about this
+                    // adapter being created. The metadata is used to learn
+                    // about the dependencies and when the adapter module can
+                    // be instantiated.
+                    ComponentFuncDef::Lifted {
+                        ty: lift_ty,
+                        func,
+                        options: options_lift,
+                    } => {
+                        let adapter_idx = self.result.adapters.push(Adapter {
+                            lift_ty: *lift_ty,
+                            lift_options: options_lift.clone(),
+                            lower_ty,
+                            lower_options: options_lower,
+                            func: func.clone(),
+                        });
+                        dfg::CoreDef::Adapter(adapter_idx)
+                    }
+                };
+                frame.funcs.push(func);
+            }
+
+            // Lifting a core wasm function is relatively easy for now in that
+            // some metadata about the lifting is simply recorded. This'll get
+            // plumbed through to exports or a fused adapter later on.
+            Lift(ty, func, options) => {
+                let ty = types.convert_component_func_type(frame.translation.types_ref(), *ty)?;
+                let options = self.adapter_options(frame, types, options);
+                frame.component_funcs.push(ComponentFuncDef::Lifted {
+                    ty,
+                    func: frame.funcs[*func].clone(),
+                    options,
+                });
+            }
+
+            // A new resource type is being introduced, so it's recorded as a
+            // brand new resource in the final `resources` array. Additionally
+            // for now resource introductions are considered side effects to
+            // know when to register their destructors so that's recorded as
+            // well.
+            //
+            // Note that this has the effect of when a component is instantiated
+            // twice it will produce unique types for the resources from each
+            // instantiation. That's the intended runtime semantics and
+            // implementation here, however.
+            Resource(ty, rep, dtor) => {
+                let idx = self.result.resources.push(dfg::Resource {
+                    rep: *rep,
+                    dtor: dtor.map(|i| frame.funcs[i].clone()),
+                    instance: frame.instance,
+                });
+                self.result
+                    .side_effects
+                    .push(dfg::SideEffect::Resource(idx));
+
+                // Register with type translation that all future references to
+                // `ty` will refer to `idx`.
+                //
+                // Note that this registration information is lost when this
+                // component finishes instantiation due to the snapshotting
+                // behavior in the frame processing loop above. This is also
+                // intended, though, since `ty` can't be referred to outside of
+                // this component.
+                let idx = self.result.resource_index(idx);
+                types
+                    .resources_mut()
+                    .register_resource(frame.translation.types_ref(), *ty, idx);
+            }
+
+            // Resource-related intrinsics are generally all the same.
+            // Wasmparser type information is converted to wasmtime type
+            // information and then new entries for each intrinsic are recorded.
+            ResourceNew(id, ty) => {
+                let id = types.resource_id(frame.translation.types_ref(), *id);
+                let index = self
+                    .result
+                    .trampolines
+                    .push((*ty, dfg::Trampoline::ResourceNew(id)));
+                frame.funcs.push(dfg::CoreDef::Trampoline(index));
+            }
+            ResourceRep(id, ty) => {
+                let id = types.resource_id(frame.translation.types_ref(), *id);
+                let index = self
+                    .result
+                    .trampolines
+                    .push((*ty, dfg::Trampoline::ResourceRep(id)));
+                frame.funcs.push(dfg::CoreDef::Trampoline(index));
+            }
+            ResourceDrop(id, ty) => {
+                let id = types.resource_id(frame.translation.types_ref(), *id);
+                let index = self
+                    .result
+                    .trampolines
+                    .push((*ty, dfg::Trampoline::ResourceDrop(id)));
+                frame.funcs.push(dfg::CoreDef::Trampoline(index));
+            }
+
+            ModuleStatic(idx) => {
+                frame.modules.push(ModuleDef::Static(*idx));
+            }
+
+            // Instantiation of a module is one of the meatier initializers that
+            // we'll generate. The main magic here is that for a statically
+            // known module we can order the imports as a list to exactly what
+            // the static module needs to be instantiated. For imported modules,
+            // however, the runtime string resolution must happen at runtime so
+            // that is deferred here by organizing the arguments as a two-layer
+            // `IndexMap` of what we're providing.
+            //
+            // In both cases though a new `RuntimeInstanceIndex` is allocated
+            // and an initializer is recorded to indicate that it's being
+            // instantiated.
+            ModuleInstantiate(module, args) => {
+                let instance_module;
+                let init = match &frame.modules[*module] {
+                    ModuleDef::Static(idx) => {
+                        let mut defs = Vec::new();
+                        for (module, name, _ty) in self.nested_modules[*idx].module.imports() {
+                            let instance = args[module];
+                            defs.push(
+                                self.core_def_of_module_instance_export(frame, instance, name),
+                            );
+                        }
+                        instance_module = InstanceModule::Static(*idx);
+                        dfg::Instance::Static(*idx, defs.into())
+                    }
+                    ModuleDef::Import(path, ty) => {
+                        let mut defs = IndexMap::new();
+                        for ((module, name), _) in types[*ty].imports.iter() {
+                            let instance = args[module.as_str()];
+                            let def =
+                                self.core_def_of_module_instance_export(frame, instance, name);
+                            defs.entry(module.to_string())
+                                .or_insert(IndexMap::new())
+                                .insert(name.to_string(), def);
+                        }
+                        let index = self.runtime_import(path);
+                        instance_module = InstanceModule::Import(*ty);
+                        dfg::Instance::Import(index, defs)
+                    }
+                };
+
+                let idx = self.result.instances.push(init);
+                self.result
+                    .side_effects
+                    .push(dfg::SideEffect::Instance(idx));
+                let idx2 = self.runtime_instances.push(instance_module);
+                assert_eq!(idx, idx2);
+                frame
+                    .module_instances
+                    .push(ModuleInstanceDef::Instantiated(idx, *module));
+            }
+
+            ModuleSynthetic(map) => {
+                frame
+                    .module_instances
+                    .push(ModuleInstanceDef::Synthetic(map));
+            }
+
+            // This is one of the stages of the "magic" of implementing outer
+            // aliases to components and modules. For more information on this
+            // see the documentation on `LexicalScope`. This stage of the
+            // implementation of outer aliases is where the `ClosedOverVars` is
+            // transformed into a `ComponentClosure` state using the current
+            // `InlinerFrame`'s state. This will capture the "runtime" state of
+            // outer components and upvars and such naturally as part of the
+            // inlining process.
+            ComponentStatic(index, vars) => {
+                frame.components.push(ComponentDef {
+                    index: *index,
+                    closure: ComponentClosure {
+                        modules: vars
+                            .modules
+                            .iter()
+                            .map(|(_, m)| frame.closed_over_module(m))
+                            .collect(),
+                        components: vars
+                            .components
+                            .iter()
+                            .map(|(_, m)| frame.closed_over_component(m))
+                            .collect(),
+                    },
+                });
+            }
+
+            // Like module instantiation is this is a "meaty" part, and don't be
+            // fooled by the relative simplicity of this case. This is
+            // implemented primarily by the `Inliner` structure and the design
+            // of this entire module, so the "easy" step here is to simply
+            // create a new inliner frame and return it to get pushed onto the
+            // stack.
+            ComponentInstantiate(component, args, ty) => {
+                let component: &ComponentDef<'a> = &frame.components[*component];
+                let index = RuntimeComponentInstanceIndex::from_u32(
+                    self.result.num_runtime_component_instances,
+                );
+                self.result.num_runtime_component_instances += 1;
+                let frame = InlinerFrame::new(
+                    index,
+                    &self.nested_components[component.index],
+                    component.closure.clone(),
+                    args.iter()
+                        .map(|(name, item)| Ok((*name, frame.item(*item, types)?)))
+                        .collect::<Result<_>>()?,
+                    Some(*ty),
+                );
+                return Ok(Some(frame));
+            }
+
+            ComponentSynthetic(map) => {
+                let items = map
+                    .iter()
+                    .map(|(name, index)| Ok((*name, frame.item(*index, types)?)))
+                    .collect::<Result<_>>()?;
+                frame
+                    .component_instances
+                    .push(ComponentInstanceDef::Items(items));
+            }
+
+            // Core wasm aliases, this and the cases below, are creating
+            // `CoreExport` items primarily to insert into the index space so we
+            // can create a unique identifier pointing to each core wasm export
+            // with the instance and relevant index/name as necessary.
+            AliasExportFunc(instance, name) => {
+                frame
+                    .funcs
+                    .push(self.core_def_of_module_instance_export(frame, *instance, *name));
+            }
+
+            AliasExportTable(instance, name) => {
+                frame.tables.push(
+                    match self.core_def_of_module_instance_export(frame, *instance, *name) {
+                        dfg::CoreDef::Export(e) => e,
+                        _ => unreachable!(),
+                    },
+                );
+            }
+
+            AliasExportGlobal(instance, name) => {
+                frame.globals.push(
+                    match self.core_def_of_module_instance_export(frame, *instance, *name) {
+                        dfg::CoreDef::Export(e) => e,
+                        _ => unreachable!(),
+                    },
+                );
+            }
+
+            AliasExportMemory(instance, name) => {
+                frame.memories.push(
+                    match self.core_def_of_module_instance_export(frame, *instance, *name) {
+                        dfg::CoreDef::Export(e) => e,
+                        _ => unreachable!(),
+                    },
+                );
+            }
+
+            AliasComponentExport(instance, name) => {
+                match &frame.component_instances[*instance] {
+                    // Aliasing an export from an imported instance means that
+                    // we're extending the `ImportPath` by one name, represented
+                    // with the clone + push here. Afterwards an appropriate
+                    // item is then pushed in the relevant index space.
+                    ComponentInstanceDef::Import(path, ty) => {
+                        let path = path.push(*name);
+                        let def = ComponentItemDef::from_import(path, types[*ty].exports[*name])?;
+                        frame.push_item(def);
+                    }
+
+                    // Given a component instance which was either created
+                    // through instantiation of a component or through a
+                    // synthetic renaming of items we just schlep around the
+                    // definitions of various items here.
+                    ComponentInstanceDef::Items(map) => frame.push_item(map[*name].clone()),
+                }
+            }
+
+            // For more information on these see `LexicalScope` but otherwise
+            // this is just taking a closed over variable and inserting the
+            // actual definition into the local index space since this
+            // represents an outer alias to a module/component
+            AliasModule(idx) => {
+                frame.modules.push(frame.closed_over_module(idx));
+            }
+            AliasComponent(idx) => {
+                frame.components.push(frame.closed_over_component(idx));
+            }
+
+            Export(item) => match item {
+                ComponentItem::Func(i) => {
+                    frame
+                        .component_funcs
+                        .push(frame.component_funcs[*i].clone());
+                }
+                ComponentItem::Module(i) => {
+                    frame.modules.push(frame.modules[*i].clone());
+                }
+                ComponentItem::Component(i) => {
+                    frame.components.push(frame.components[*i].clone());
+                }
+                ComponentItem::ComponentInstance(i) => {
+                    frame
+                        .component_instances
+                        .push(frame.component_instances[*i].clone());
+                }
+
+                // Type index spaces aren't maintained during this inlining pass
+                // so ignore this.
+                ComponentItem::Type(_) => {}
+            },
+        }
+
+        Ok(None)
+    }
+
+    /// "Commits" a path of an import to an actual index which is something that
+    /// will be calculated at runtime.
+    ///
+    /// Note that the cost of calculating an item for a `RuntimeImportIndex` at
+    /// runtime is amortized with an `InstancePre` which represents "all the
+    /// runtime imports are lined up" and after that no more name resolution is
+    /// necessary.
+    fn runtime_import(&mut self, path: &ImportPath<'a>) -> RuntimeImportIndex {
+        *self
+            .import_path_interner
+            .entry(path.clone())
+            .or_insert_with(|| {
+                self.result.imports.push((
+                    path.index,
+                    path.path.iter().map(|s| s.to_string()).collect(),
+                ))
+            })
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the `CoreDef`, the canonical definition for a core wasm item,
+    /// for the export `name` of `instance` within `frame`.
+    fn core_def_of_module_instance_export(
+        &self,
+        frame: &InlinerFrame<'a>,
+        instance: ModuleInstanceIndex,
+        name: &'a str,
+    ) -> dfg::CoreDef {
+        match &frame.module_instances[instance] {
+            // Instantiations of a statically known module means that we can
+            // refer to the exported item by a precise index, skipping name
+            // lookups at runtime.
+            //
+            // Instantiations of an imported module, however, must do name
+            // lookups at runtime since we don't know the structure ahead of
+            // time here.
+            ModuleInstanceDef::Instantiated(instance, module) => {
+                let item = match frame.modules[*module] {
+                    ModuleDef::Static(idx) => {
+                        let entity = self.nested_modules[idx].module.exports[name];
+                        ExportItem::Index(entity)
+                    }
+                    ModuleDef::Import(..) => ExportItem::Name(name.to_string()),
+                };
+                dfg::CoreExport {
+                    instance: *instance,
+                    item,
+                }
+                .into()
+            }
+
+            // This is a synthetic instance so the canonical definition of the
+            // original item is returned.
+            ModuleInstanceDef::Synthetic(instance) => match instance[name] {
+                EntityIndex::Function(i) => frame.funcs[i].clone(),
+                EntityIndex::Table(i) => frame.tables[i].clone().into(),
+                EntityIndex::Global(i) => frame.globals[i].clone().into(),
+                EntityIndex::Memory(i) => frame.memories[i].clone().into(),
+            },
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Translates a `LocalCanonicalOptions` which indexes into the `frame`
+    /// specified into a runtime representation.
+    fn adapter_options(
+        &mut self,
+        frame: &InlinerFrame<'a>,
+        types: &ComponentTypesBuilder,
+        options: &LocalCanonicalOptions,
+    ) -> AdapterOptions {
+        let memory = options.memory.map(|i| {
+            frame.memories[i].clone().map_index(|i| match i {
+                EntityIndex::Memory(i) => i,
+                _ => unreachable!(),
+            })
+        });
+        let memory64 = match &memory {
+            Some(memory) => match &self.runtime_instances[memory.instance] {
+                InstanceModule::Static(idx) => match &memory.item {
+                    ExportItem::Index(i) => {
+                        let plan = &self.nested_modules[*idx].module.memory_plans[*i];
+                        plan.memory.memory64
+                    }
+                    ExportItem::Name(_) => unreachable!(),
+                },
+                InstanceModule::Import(ty) => match &memory.item {
+                    ExportItem::Name(name) => match types[*ty].exports[name] {
+                        EntityType::Memory(m) => m.memory64,
+                        _ => unreachable!(),
+                    },
+                    ExportItem::Index(_) => unreachable!(),
+                },
+            },
+            None => false,
+        };
+        let realloc = options.realloc.map(|i| frame.funcs[i].clone());
+        let post_return = options.post_return.map(|i| frame.funcs[i].clone());
+        AdapterOptions {
+            instance: frame.instance,
+            string_encoding: options.string_encoding,
+            memory,
+            memory64,
+            realloc,
+            post_return,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Translatees an `AdapterOptions` into a `CanonicalOptions` where
+    /// memories/functions are inserted into the global initializer list for
+    /// use at runtime. This is only used for lowered host functions and lifted
+    /// functions exported to the host.
+    fn canonical_options(&mut self, options: AdapterOptions) -> dfg::CanonicalOptions {
+        let memory = options
+            .memory
+            .map(|export| self.result.memories.push(export));
+        let realloc = options.realloc.map(|def| self.result.reallocs.push(def));
+        let post_return = options
+            .post_return
+            .map(|def| self.result.post_returns.push(def));
+        dfg::CanonicalOptions {
+            instance: options.instance,
+            string_encoding: options.string_encoding,
+            memory,
+            realloc,
+            post_return,
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn record_export(
+        &mut self,
+        name: &str,
+        def: ComponentItemDef<'a>,
+        types: &'a ComponentTypesBuilder,
+        map: &mut IndexMap<String, dfg::Export>,
+    ) -> Result<()> {
+        let export = match def {
+            // Exported modules are currently saved in a `PrimaryMap`, at
+            // runtime, so an index (`RuntimeModuleIndex`) is assigned here and
+            // then an initializer is recorded about where the module comes
+            // from.
+            ComponentItemDef::Module(module) => match module {
+                ModuleDef::Static(idx) => dfg::Export::ModuleStatic(idx),
+                ModuleDef::Import(path, _) => dfg::Export::ModuleImport(self.runtime_import(&path)),
+            },
+
+            ComponentItemDef::Func(func) => match func {
+                // If this is a lifted function from something lowered in this
+                // component then the configured options are plumbed through
+                // here.
+                ComponentFuncDef::Lifted { ty, func, options } => {
+                    let options = self.canonical_options(options);
+                    dfg::Export::LiftedFunction { ty, func, options }
+                }
+
+                // Currently reexported functions from an import are not
+                // supported. Being able to actually call these functions is
+                // somewhat tricky and needs something like temporary scratch
+                // space that isn't implemented.
+                ComponentFuncDef::Import(_) => {
+                    bail!("component export `{name}` is a reexport of an imported function which is not implemented")
+                }
+            },
+
+            ComponentItemDef::Instance(instance) => {
+                let mut result = IndexMap::new();
+                match instance {
+                    // If this instance is one that was originally imported by
+                    // the component itself then the imports are translated here
+                    // by converting to a `ComponentItemDef` and then
+                    // recursively recording the export as a reexport.
+                    //
+                    // Note that for now this would only work with
+                    // module-exporting instances.
+                    ComponentInstanceDef::Import(path, ty) => {
+                        for (name, ty) in types[ty].exports.iter() {
+                            let path = path.push(name);
+                            let def = ComponentItemDef::from_import(path, *ty)?;
+                            self.record_export(name, def, types, &mut result)?;
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    // An exported instance which is itself a bag of items is
+                    // translated recursively here to our `result` map which is
+                    // the bag of items we're exporting.
+                    ComponentInstanceDef::Items(map) => {
+                        for (name, def) in map {
+                            self.record_export(name, def, types, &mut result)?;
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+                dfg::Export::Instance(result)
+            }
+
+            // FIXME(#4283) should make an official decision on whether this is
+            // the final treatment of this or not.
+            ComponentItemDef::Component(_) => {
+                bail!("exporting a component from the root component is not supported")
+            }
+
+            ComponentItemDef::Type(def) => dfg::Export::Type(def),
+        };
+
+        map.insert(name.to_string(), export);
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'a> InlinerFrame<'a> {
+    fn new(
+        instance: RuntimeComponentInstanceIndex,
+        translation: &'a Translation<'a>,
+        closure: ComponentClosure<'a>,
+        args: HashMap<&'a str, ComponentItemDef<'a>>,
+        instance_ty: Option<TypeId>,
+    ) -> Self {
+        // FIXME: should iterate over the initializers of `translation` and
+        // calculate the size of each index space to use `with_capacity` for
+        // all the maps below. Given that doing such would be wordy and compile
+        // time is otherwise not super crucial it's not done at this time.
+        InlinerFrame {
+            instance,
+            translation,
+            closure,
+            args,
+            instance_ty,
+            initializers: translation.initializers.iter(),
+
+            funcs: Default::default(),
+            memories: Default::default(),
+            tables: Default::default(),
+            globals: Default::default(),
+
+            component_instances: Default::default(),
+            component_funcs: Default::default(),
+            module_instances: Default::default(),
+            components: Default::default(),
+            modules: Default::default(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn item(
+        &self,
+        index: ComponentItem,
+        types: &mut ComponentTypesBuilder,
+    ) -> Result<ComponentItemDef<'a>> {
+        Ok(match index {
+            ComponentItem::Func(i) => ComponentItemDef::Func(self.component_funcs[i].clone()),
+            ComponentItem::Component(i) => ComponentItemDef::Component(self.components[i].clone()),
+            ComponentItem::ComponentInstance(i) => {
+                ComponentItemDef::Instance(self.component_instances[i].clone())
+            }
+            ComponentItem::Module(i) => ComponentItemDef::Module(self.modules[i].clone()),
+            ComponentItem::Type(t) => {
+                let types_ref = self.translation.types_ref();
+                ComponentItemDef::Type(types.convert_type(types_ref, t)?)
+            }
+        })
+    }
+
+    /// Pushes the component `item` definition provided into the appropriate
+    /// index space within this component.
+    fn push_item(&mut self, item: ComponentItemDef<'a>) {
+        match item {
+            ComponentItemDef::Func(i) => {
+                self.component_funcs.push(i);
+            }
+            ComponentItemDef::Module(i) => {
+                self.modules.push(i);
+            }
+            ComponentItemDef::Component(i) => {
+                self.components.push(i);
+            }
+            ComponentItemDef::Instance(i) => {
+                self.component_instances.push(i);
+            }
+
+            // In short, type definitions aren't tracked here.
+            //
+            // The longer form explanation for this is that structural types
+            // like lists and records don't need to be tracked at all and the
+            // only significant type which needs tracking is resource types
+            // themselves. Resource types, however, are tracked within the
+            // `ResourcesBuilder` state rather than an `InlinerFrame` so they're
+            // ignored here as well. The general reason for that is that type
+            // information is everywhere and this `InlinerFrame` is not
+            // everywhere so it seemed like it would make sense to split the
+            // two.
+            //
+            // Note though that this case is actually frequently hit, so it
+            // can't be `unreachable!()`. Instead callers are responsible for
+            // handling this appropriately with respect to resources.
+            ComponentItemDef::Type(_ty) => {}
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn closed_over_module(&self, index: &ClosedOverModule) -> ModuleDef<'a> {
+        match *index {
+            ClosedOverModule::Local(i) => self.modules[i].clone(),
+            ClosedOverModule::Upvar(i) => self.closure.modules[i].clone(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn closed_over_component(&self, index: &ClosedOverComponent) -> ComponentDef<'a> {
+        match *index {
+            ClosedOverComponent::Local(i) => self.components[i].clone(),
+            ClosedOverComponent::Upvar(i) => self.closure.components[i].clone(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Completes the instantiation of a subcomponent and records type
+    /// information for the instance that was produced.
+    ///
+    /// This method is invoked when an `InlinerFrame` finishes for a
+    /// subcomponent. The `def` provided represents the instance that was
+    /// produced from instantiation, and `ty` is the wasmparser-defined type of
+    /// the instance produced.
+    ///
+    /// The purpose of this method is to record type information about resources
+    /// in the instance produced. In the component model all instantiations of a
+    /// component produce fresh new types for all resources which are unequal to
+    /// all prior resources. This means that if wasmparser's `ty` type
+    /// information references a unique resource within `def` that has never
+    /// been registered before then that means it's a defined resource within
+    /// the component that was just instantiated (as opposed to an imported
+    /// resource which was reexported).
+    ///
+    /// Further type translation after this instantiation can refer to these
+    /// resource types and a mapping from those types to the wasmtime-internal
+    /// types is required, so this method builds up those mappings.
+    ///
+    /// Essentially what happens here is that the `ty` type is registered and
+    /// any new unique resources are registered so new tables can be introduced
+    /// along with origin information about the actual underlying resource type
+    /// and which component instantiated it.
+    fn finish_instantiate(
+        &mut self,
+        def: ComponentInstanceDef<'a>,
+        ty: TypeId,
+        types: &mut ComponentTypesBuilder,
+    ) {
+        let (resources, types) = types.resources_mut_and_types();
+        let mut path = Vec::new();
+        let arg = ComponentItemDef::Instance(def);
+        resources.register_component_entity_type(
+            &self.translation.types_ref(),
+            wasmparser::types::ComponentEntityType::Instance(ty),
+            &mut path,
+            &mut |path| arg.lookup_resource(path, types),
+        );
+        self.push_item(arg);
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'a> ImportPath<'a> {
+    fn root(index: ImportIndex) -> ImportPath<'a> {
+        ImportPath {
+            index,
+            path: Vec::new(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn push(&self, s: impl Into<Cow<'a, str>>) -> ImportPath<'a> {
+        let mut new = self.clone();
+        new.path.push(s.into());
+        new
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'a> ComponentItemDef<'a> {
+    fn from_import(path: ImportPath<'a>, ty: TypeDef) -> Result<ComponentItemDef<'a>> {
+        let item = match ty {
+            TypeDef::Module(ty) => ComponentItemDef::Module(ModuleDef::Import(path, ty)),
+            TypeDef::ComponentInstance(ty) => {
+                ComponentItemDef::Instance(ComponentInstanceDef::Import(path, ty))
+            }
+            TypeDef::ComponentFunc(_ty) => ComponentItemDef::Func(ComponentFuncDef::Import(path)),
+            // FIXME(#4283) should commit one way or another to how this
+            // should be treated.
+            TypeDef::Component(_ty) => bail!("root-level component imports are not supported"),
+            TypeDef::Interface(_) | TypeDef::Resource(_) => ComponentItemDef::Type(ty),
+            TypeDef::CoreFunc(_ty) => unreachable!(),
+        };
+        Ok(item)
+    }
+
+    /// Walks the `path` within `self` to find a resource at that path.
+    ///
+    /// This method is used when resources are found within wasmparser's type
+    /// information and they need to be correlated with actual concrete
+    /// definitions from this inlining pass. The `path` here is a list of
+    /// instance export names (or empty) to walk to reach down into the final
+    /// definition which should refer to a resource itself.
+    fn lookup_resource(&self, path: &[&str], types: &ComponentTypes) -> ResourceIndex {
+        let mut cur = self.clone();
+
+        // Each element of `path` represents unwrapping a layer of an instance
+        // type, so handle those here by updating `cur` iteratively.
+        for element in path.iter().copied() {
+            let instance = match cur {
+                ComponentItemDef::Instance(def) => def,
+                _ => unreachable!(),
+            };
+            cur = match instance {
+                // If this instance is a "bag of things" then this is as easy as
+                // looking up the name in the bag of names.
+                ComponentInstanceDef::Items(names) => names[element].clone(),
+
+                // If, however, this instance is an imported instance then this
+                // is a further projection within the import with one more path
+                // element. The `types` type information is used to lookup the
+                // type of `element` within the instance type, and that's used
+                // in conjunction with a one-longer `path` to produce a new item
+                // definition.
+                ComponentInstanceDef::Import(path, ty) => {
+                    ComponentItemDef::from_import(path.push(element), types[ty].exports[element])
+                        .unwrap()
+                }
+            };
+        }
+
+        // Once `path` has been iterated over it must be the case that the final
+        // item is a resource type, in which case a lookup can be performed.
+        match cur {
+            ComponentItemDef::Type(TypeDef::Resource(idx)) => types[idx].ty,
+            _ => unreachable!(),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+enum InstanceModule {
+    Static(StaticModuleIndex),
+    Import(TypeModuleIndex),
+}