vrpayment-ruby-sdk 5.0.1

data/vendor/bundle/ruby/3.3.0/gems/addressable-2.8.7/lib/addressable/template.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,1029 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+#--
+# Copyright (C) Bob Aman
+#
+#    Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+#    you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+#    You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#        http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+#    Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+#    distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+#    WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+#    See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+#    limitations under the License.
+#++
+
+
+require "addressable/version"
+require "addressable/uri"
+
+module Addressable
+  ##
+  # This is an implementation of a URI template based on
+  # RFC 6570 (http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6570).
+  class Template
+    # Constants used throughout the template code.
+    anything =
+      Addressable::URI::CharacterClasses::RESERVED +
+      Addressable::URI::CharacterClasses::UNRESERVED
+
+
+    variable_char_class =
+      Addressable::URI::CharacterClasses::ALPHA +
+      Addressable::URI::CharacterClasses::DIGIT + '_'
+
+    var_char =
+      "(?>(?:[#{variable_char_class}]|%[a-fA-F0-9][a-fA-F0-9])+)"
+    RESERVED =
+      "(?:[#{anything}]|%[a-fA-F0-9][a-fA-F0-9])"
+    UNRESERVED =
+      "(?:[#{
+        Addressable::URI::CharacterClasses::UNRESERVED
+      }]|%[a-fA-F0-9][a-fA-F0-9])"
+    variable =
+      "(?:#{var_char}(?:\\.?#{var_char})*)"
+    varspec =
+      "(?:(#{variable})(\\*|:\\d+)?)"
+    VARNAME =
+      /^#{variable}$/
+    VARSPEC =
+      /^#{varspec}$/
+    VARIABLE_LIST =
+      /^#{varspec}(?:,#{varspec})*$/
+    operator =
+      "+#./;?&=,!@|"
+    EXPRESSION =
+      /\{([#{operator}])?(#{varspec}(?:,#{varspec})*)\}/
+
+
+    LEADERS = {
+      '?' => '?',
+      '/' => '/',
+      '#' => '#',
+      '.' => '.',
+      ';' => ';',
+      '&' => '&'
+    }
+    JOINERS = {
+      '?' => '&',
+      '.' => '.',
+      ';' => ';',
+      '&' => '&',
+      '/' => '/'
+    }
+
+    ##
+    # Raised if an invalid template value is supplied.
+    class InvalidTemplateValueError < StandardError
+    end
+
+    ##
+    # Raised if an invalid template operator is used in a pattern.
+    class InvalidTemplateOperatorError < StandardError
+    end
+
+    ##
+    # Raised if an invalid template operator is used in a pattern.
+    class TemplateOperatorAbortedError < StandardError
+    end
+
+    ##
+    # This class represents the data that is extracted when a Template
+    # is matched against a URI.
+    class MatchData
+      ##
+      # Creates a new MatchData object.
+      # MatchData objects should never be instantiated directly.
+      #
+      # @param [Addressable::URI] uri
+      #   The URI that the template was matched against.
+      def initialize(uri, template, mapping)
+        @uri = uri.dup.freeze
+        @template = template
+        @mapping = mapping.dup.freeze
+      end
+
+      ##
+      # @return [Addressable::URI]
+      #   The URI that the Template was matched against.
+      attr_reader :uri
+
+      ##
+      # @return [Addressable::Template]
+      #   The Template used for the match.
+      attr_reader :template
+
+      ##
+      # @return [Hash]
+      #   The mapping that resulted from the match.
+      #   Note that this mapping does not include keys or values for
+      #   variables that appear in the Template, but are not present
+      #   in the URI.
+      attr_reader :mapping
+
+      ##
+      # @return [Array]
+      #   The list of variables that were present in the Template.
+      #   Note that this list will include variables which do not appear
+      #   in the mapping because they were not present in URI.
+      def variables
+        self.template.variables
+      end
+      alias_method :keys, :variables
+      alias_method :names, :variables
+
+      ##
+      # @return [Array]
+      #   The list of values that were captured by the Template.
+      #   Note that this list will include nils for any variables which
+      #   were in the Template, but did not appear in the URI.
+      def values
+        @values ||= self.variables.inject([]) do |accu, key|
+          accu << self.mapping[key]
+          accu
+        end
+      end
+      alias_method :captures, :values
+
+      ##
+      # Accesses captured values by name or by index.
+      #
+      # @param [String, Symbol, Fixnum] key
+      #   Capture index or name. Note that when accessing by with index
+      #   of 0, the full URI will be returned. The intention is to mimic
+      #   the ::MatchData#[] behavior.
+      #
+      # @param [#to_int, nil] len
+      #   If provided, an array of values will be returned with the given
+      #   parameter used as length.
+      #
+      # @return [Array, String, nil]
+      #   The captured value corresponding to the index or name. If the
+      #   value was not provided or the key is unknown, nil will be
+      #   returned.
+      #
+      #   If the second parameter is provided, an array of that length will
+      #   be returned instead.
+      def [](key, len = nil)
+        if len
+          to_a[key, len]
+        elsif String === key or Symbol === key
+          mapping[key.to_s]
+        else
+          to_a[key]
+        end
+      end
+
+      ##
+      # @return [Array]
+      #   Array with the matched URI as first element followed by the captured
+      #   values.
+      def to_a
+        [to_s, *values]
+      end
+
+      ##
+      # @return [String]
+      #   The matched URI as String.
+      def to_s
+        uri.to_s
+      end
+      alias_method :string, :to_s
+
+      # Returns multiple captured values at once.
+      #
+      # @param [String, Symbol, Fixnum] *indexes
+      #   Indices of the captures to be returned
+      #
+      # @return [Array]
+      #   Values corresponding to given indices.
+      #
+      # @see Addressable::Template::MatchData#[]
+      def values_at(*indexes)
+        indexes.map { |i| self[i] }
+      end
+
+      ##
+      # Returns a <tt>String</tt> representation of the MatchData's state.
+      #
+      # @return [String] The MatchData's state, as a <tt>String</tt>.
+      def inspect
+        sprintf("#<%s:%#0x RESULT:%s>",
+          self.class.to_s, self.object_id, self.mapping.inspect)
+      end
+
+      ##
+      # Dummy method for code expecting a ::MatchData instance
+      #
+      # @return [String] An empty string.
+      def pre_match
+        ""
+      end
+      alias_method :post_match, :pre_match
+    end
+
+    ##
+    # Creates a new <tt>Addressable::Template</tt> object.
+    #
+    # @param [#to_str] pattern The URI Template pattern.
+    #
+    # @return [Addressable::Template] The initialized Template object.
+    def initialize(pattern)
+      if !pattern.respond_to?(:to_str)
+        raise TypeError, "Can't convert #{pattern.class} into String."
+      end
+      @pattern = pattern.to_str.dup.freeze
+    end
+
+    ##
+    # Freeze URI, initializing instance variables.
+    #
+    # @return [Addressable::URI] The frozen URI object.
+    def freeze
+      self.variables
+      self.variable_defaults
+      self.named_captures
+      super
+    end
+
+    ##
+    # @return [String] The Template object's pattern.
+    attr_reader :pattern
+
+    ##
+    # Returns a <tt>String</tt> representation of the Template object's state.
+    #
+    # @return [String] The Template object's state, as a <tt>String</tt>.
+    def inspect
+      sprintf("#<%s:%#0x PATTERN:%s>",
+        self.class.to_s, self.object_id, self.pattern)
+    end
+
+    ##
+    # Returns <code>true</code> if the Template objects are equal. This method
+    # does NOT normalize either Template before doing the comparison.
+    #
+    # @param [Object] template The Template to compare.
+    #
+    # @return [TrueClass, FalseClass]
+    #   <code>true</code> if the Templates are equivalent, <code>false</code>
+    #   otherwise.
+    def ==(template)
+      return false unless template.kind_of?(Template)
+      return self.pattern == template.pattern
+    end
+
+    ##
+    # Addressable::Template makes no distinction between `==` and `eql?`.
+    #
+    # @see #==
+    alias_method :eql?, :==
+
+    ##
+    # Extracts a mapping from the URI using a URI Template pattern.
+    #
+    # @param [Addressable::URI, #to_str] uri
+    #   The URI to extract from.
+    #
+    # @param [#restore, #match] processor
+    #   A template processor object may optionally be supplied.
+    #
+    #   The object should respond to either the <tt>restore</tt> or
+    #   <tt>match</tt> messages or both. The <tt>restore</tt> method should
+    #   take two parameters: `[String] name` and `[String] value`.
+    #   The <tt>restore</tt> method should reverse any transformations that
+    #   have been performed on the value to ensure a valid URI.
+    #   The <tt>match</tt> method should take a single
+    #   parameter: `[String] name`.  The <tt>match</tt> method should return
+    #   a <tt>String</tt> containing a regular expression capture group for
+    #   matching on that particular variable. The default value is `".*?"`.
+    #   The <tt>match</tt> method has no effect on multivariate operator
+    #   expansions.
+    #
+    # @return [Hash, NilClass]
+    #   The <tt>Hash</tt> mapping that was extracted from the URI, or
+    #   <tt>nil</tt> if the URI didn't match the template.
+    #
+    # @example
+    #   class ExampleProcessor
+    #     def self.restore(name, value)
+    #       return value.gsub(/\+/, " ") if name == "query"
+    #       return value
+    #     end
+    #
+    #     def self.match(name)
+    #       return ".*?" if name == "first"
+    #       return ".*"
+    #     end
+    #   end
+    #
+    #   uri = Addressable::URI.parse(
+    #     "http://example.com/search/an+example+search+query/"
+    #   )
+    #   Addressable::Template.new(
+    #     "http://example.com/search/{query}/"
+    #   ).extract(uri, ExampleProcessor)
+    #   #=> {"query" => "an example search query"}
+    #
+    #   uri = Addressable::URI.parse("http://example.com/a/b/c/")
+    #   Addressable::Template.new(
+    #     "http://example.com/{first}/{second}/"
+    #   ).extract(uri, ExampleProcessor)
+    #   #=> {"first" => "a", "second" => "b/c"}
+    #
+    #   uri = Addressable::URI.parse("http://example.com/a/b/c/")
+    #   Addressable::Template.new(
+    #     "http://example.com/{first}/{-list|/|second}/"
+    #   ).extract(uri)
+    #   #=> {"first" => "a", "second" => ["b", "c"]}
+    def extract(uri, processor=nil)
+      match_data = self.match(uri, processor)
+      return (match_data ? match_data.mapping : nil)
+    end
+
+    ##
+    # Extracts match data from the URI using a URI Template pattern.
+    #
+    # @param [Addressable::URI, #to_str] uri
+    #   The URI to extract from.
+    #
+    # @param [#restore, #match] processor
+    #   A template processor object may optionally be supplied.
+    #
+    #   The object should respond to either the <tt>restore</tt> or
+    #   <tt>match</tt> messages or both. The <tt>restore</tt> method should
+    #   take two parameters: `[String] name` and `[String] value`.
+    #   The <tt>restore</tt> method should reverse any transformations that
+    #   have been performed on the value to ensure a valid URI.
+    #   The <tt>match</tt> method should take a single
+    #   parameter: `[String] name`. The <tt>match</tt> method should return
+    #   a <tt>String</tt> containing a regular expression capture group for
+    #   matching on that particular variable. The default value is `".*?"`.
+    #   The <tt>match</tt> method has no effect on multivariate operator
+    #   expansions.
+    #
+    # @return [Hash, NilClass]
+    #   The <tt>Hash</tt> mapping that was extracted from the URI, or
+    #   <tt>nil</tt> if the URI didn't match the template.
+    #
+    # @example
+    #   class ExampleProcessor
+    #     def self.restore(name, value)
+    #       return value.gsub(/\+/, " ") if name == "query"
+    #       return value
+    #     end
+    #
+    #     def self.match(name)
+    #       return ".*?" if name == "first"
+    #       return ".*"
+    #     end
+    #   end
+    #
+    #   uri = Addressable::URI.parse(
+    #     "http://example.com/search/an+example+search+query/"
+    #   )
+    #   match = Addressable::Template.new(
+    #     "http://example.com/search/{query}/"
+    #   ).match(uri, ExampleProcessor)
+    #   match.variables
+    #   #=> ["query"]
+    #   match.captures
+    #   #=> ["an example search query"]
+    #
+    #   uri = Addressable::URI.parse("http://example.com/a/b/c/")
+    #   match = Addressable::Template.new(
+    #     "http://example.com/{first}/{+second}/"
+    #   ).match(uri, ExampleProcessor)
+    #   match.variables
+    #   #=> ["first", "second"]
+    #   match.captures
+    #   #=> ["a", "b/c"]
+    #
+    #   uri = Addressable::URI.parse("http://example.com/a/b/c/")
+    #   match = Addressable::Template.new(
+    #     "http://example.com/{first}{/second*}/"
+    #   ).match(uri)
+    #   match.variables
+    #   #=> ["first", "second"]
+    #   match.captures
+    #   #=> ["a", ["b", "c"]]
+    def match(uri, processor=nil)
+      uri = Addressable::URI.parse(uri) unless uri.is_a?(Addressable::URI)
+      mapping = {}
+
+      # First, we need to process the pattern, and extract the values.
+      expansions, expansion_regexp =
+        parse_template_pattern(pattern, processor)
+
+      return nil unless uri.to_str.match(expansion_regexp)
+      unparsed_values = uri.to_str.scan(expansion_regexp).flatten
+
+      if uri.to_str == pattern
+        return Addressable::Template::MatchData.new(uri, self, mapping)
+      elsif expansions.size > 0
+        index = 0
+        expansions.each do |expansion|
+          _, operator, varlist = *expansion.match(EXPRESSION)
+          varlist.split(',').each do |varspec|
+            _, name, modifier = *varspec.match(VARSPEC)
+            mapping[name] ||= nil
+            case operator
+            when nil, '+', '#', '/', '.'
+              unparsed_value = unparsed_values[index]
+              name = varspec[VARSPEC, 1]
+              value = unparsed_value
+              value = value.split(JOINERS[operator]) if value && modifier == '*'
+            when ';', '?', '&'
+              if modifier == '*'
+                if unparsed_values[index]
+                  value = unparsed_values[index].split(JOINERS[operator])
+                  value = value.inject({}) do |acc, v|
+                    key, val = v.split('=')
+                    val = "" if val.nil?
+                    acc[key] = val
+                    acc
+                  end
+                end
+              else
+                if (unparsed_values[index])
+                  name, value = unparsed_values[index].split('=')
+                  value = "" if value.nil?
+                end
+              end
+            end
+            if processor != nil && processor.respond_to?(:restore)
+              value = processor.restore(name, value)
+            end
+            if processor == nil
+              if value.is_a?(Hash)
+                value = value.inject({}){|acc, (k, v)|
+                  acc[Addressable::URI.unencode_component(k)] =
+                    Addressable::URI.unencode_component(v)
+                  acc
+                }
+              elsif value.is_a?(Array)
+                value = value.map{|v| Addressable::URI.unencode_component(v) }
+              else
+                value = Addressable::URI.unencode_component(value)
+              end
+            end
+            if !mapping.has_key?(name) || mapping[name].nil?
+              # Doesn't exist, set to value (even if value is nil)
+              mapping[name] = value
+            end
+            index = index + 1
+          end
+        end
+        return Addressable::Template::MatchData.new(uri, self, mapping)
+      else
+        return nil
+      end
+    end
+
+    ##
+    # Expands a URI template into another URI template.
+    #
+    # @param [Hash] mapping The mapping that corresponds to the pattern.
+    # @param [#validate, #transform] processor
+    #   An optional processor object may be supplied.
+    # @param [Boolean] normalize_values
+    #   Optional flag to enable/disable unicode normalization. Default: true
+    #
+    # The object should respond to either the <tt>validate</tt> or
+    # <tt>transform</tt> messages or both. Both the <tt>validate</tt> and
+    # <tt>transform</tt> methods should take two parameters: <tt>name</tt> and
+    # <tt>value</tt>. The <tt>validate</tt> method should return <tt>true</tt>
+    # or <tt>false</tt>; <tt>true</tt> if the value of the variable is valid,
+    # <tt>false</tt> otherwise. An <tt>InvalidTemplateValueError</tt>
+    # exception will be raised if the value is invalid. The <tt>transform</tt>
+    # method should return the transformed variable value as a <tt>String</tt>.
+    # If a <tt>transform</tt> method is used, the value will not be percent
+    # encoded automatically. Unicode normalization will be performed both
+    # before and after sending the value to the transform method.
+    #
+    # @return [Addressable::Template] The partially expanded URI template.
+    #
+    # @example
+    #   Addressable::Template.new(
+    #     "http://example.com/{one}/{two}/"
+    #   ).partial_expand({"one" => "1"}).pattern
+    #   #=> "http://example.com/1/{two}/"
+    #
+    #   Addressable::Template.new(
+    #     "http://example.com/{?one,two}/"
+    #   ).partial_expand({"one" => "1"}).pattern
+    #   #=> "http://example.com/?one=1{&two}/"
+    #
+    #   Addressable::Template.new(
+    #     "http://example.com/{?one,two,three}/"
+    #   ).partial_expand({"one" => "1", "three" => 3}).pattern
+    #   #=> "http://example.com/?one=1{&two}&three=3"
+    def partial_expand(mapping, processor=nil, normalize_values=true)
+      result = self.pattern.dup
+      mapping = normalize_keys(mapping)
+      result.gsub!( EXPRESSION ) do |capture|
+        transform_partial_capture(mapping, capture, processor, normalize_values)
+      end
+      return Addressable::Template.new(result)
+    end
+
+    ##
+    # Expands a URI template into a full URI.
+    #
+    # @param [Hash] mapping The mapping that corresponds to the pattern.
+    # @param [#validate, #transform] processor
+    #   An optional processor object may be supplied.
+    # @param [Boolean] normalize_values
+    #   Optional flag to enable/disable unicode normalization. Default: true
+    #
+    # The object should respond to either the <tt>validate</tt> or
+    # <tt>transform</tt> messages or both. Both the <tt>validate</tt> and
+    # <tt>transform</tt> methods should take two parameters: <tt>name</tt> and
+    # <tt>value</tt>. The <tt>validate</tt> method should return <tt>true</tt>
+    # or <tt>false</tt>; <tt>true</tt> if the value of the variable is valid,
+    # <tt>false</tt> otherwise. An <tt>InvalidTemplateValueError</tt>
+    # exception will be raised if the value is invalid. The <tt>transform</tt>
+    # method should return the transformed variable value as a <tt>String</tt>.
+    # If a <tt>transform</tt> method is used, the value will not be percent
+    # encoded automatically. Unicode normalization will be performed both
+    # before and after sending the value to the transform method.
+    #
+    # @return [Addressable::URI] The expanded URI template.
+    #
+    # @example
+    #   class ExampleProcessor
+    #     def self.validate(name, value)
+    #       return !!(value =~ /^[\w ]+$/) if name == "query"
+    #       return true
+    #     end
+    #
+    #     def self.transform(name, value)
+    #       return value.gsub(/ /, "+") if name == "query"
+    #       return value
+    #     end
+    #   end
+    #
+    #   Addressable::Template.new(
+    #     "http://example.com/search/{query}/"
+    #   ).expand(
+    #     {"query" => "an example search query"},
+    #     ExampleProcessor
+    #   ).to_str
+    #   #=> "http://example.com/search/an+example+search+query/"
+    #
+    #   Addressable::Template.new(
+    #     "http://example.com/search/{query}/"
+    #   ).expand(
+    #     {"query" => "an example search query"}
+    #   ).to_str
+    #   #=> "http://example.com/search/an%20example%20search%20query/"
+    #
+    #   Addressable::Template.new(
+    #     "http://example.com/search/{query}/"
+    #   ).expand(
+    #     {"query" => "bogus!"},
+    #     ExampleProcessor
+    #   ).to_str
+    #   #=> Addressable::Template::InvalidTemplateValueError
+    def expand(mapping, processor=nil, normalize_values=true)
+      result = self.pattern.dup
+      mapping = normalize_keys(mapping)
+      result.gsub!( EXPRESSION ) do |capture|
+        transform_capture(mapping, capture, processor, normalize_values)
+      end
+      return Addressable::URI.parse(result)
+    end
+
+    ##
+    # Returns an Array of variables used within the template pattern.
+    # The variables are listed in the Array in the order they appear within
+    # the pattern.  Multiple occurrences of a variable within a pattern are
+    # not represented in this Array.
+    #
+    # @return [Array] The variables present in the template's pattern.
+    def variables
+      @variables ||= ordered_variable_defaults.map { |var, val| var }.uniq
+    end
+    alias_method :keys, :variables
+    alias_method :names, :variables
+
+    ##
+    # Returns a mapping of variables to their default values specified
+    # in the template. Variables without defaults are not returned.
+    #
+    # @return [Hash] Mapping of template variables to their defaults
+    def variable_defaults
+      @variable_defaults ||=
+        Hash[*ordered_variable_defaults.reject { |k, v| v.nil? }.flatten]
+    end
+
+    ##
+    # Coerces a template into a `Regexp` object. This regular expression will
+    # behave very similarly to the actual template, and should match the same
+    # URI values, but it cannot fully handle, for example, values that would
+    # extract to an `Array`.
+    #
+    # @return [Regexp] A regular expression which should match the template.
+    def to_regexp
+      _, source = parse_template_pattern(pattern)
+      Regexp.new(source)
+    end
+
+    ##
+    # Returns the source of the coerced `Regexp`.
+    #
+    # @return [String] The source of the `Regexp` given by {#to_regexp}.
+    #
+    # @api private
+    def source
+      self.to_regexp.source
+    end
+
+    ##
+    # Returns the named captures of the coerced `Regexp`.
+    #
+    # @return [Hash] The named captures of the `Regexp` given by {#to_regexp}.
+    #
+    # @api private
+    def named_captures
+      self.to_regexp.named_captures
+    end
+
+  private
+    def ordered_variable_defaults
+      @ordered_variable_defaults ||= begin
+        expansions, _ = parse_template_pattern(pattern)
+        expansions.flat_map do |capture|
+          _, _, varlist = *capture.match(EXPRESSION)
+          varlist.split(',').map do |varspec|
+            varspec[VARSPEC, 1]
+          end
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+
+    ##
+    # Loops through each capture and expands any values available in mapping
+    #
+    # @param [Hash] mapping
+    #   Set of keys to expand
+    # @param [String] capture
+    #   The expression to expand
+    # @param [#validate, #transform] processor
+    #   An optional processor object may be supplied.
+    # @param [Boolean] normalize_values
+    #   Optional flag to enable/disable unicode normalization. Default: true
+    #
+    # The object should respond to either the <tt>validate</tt> or
+    # <tt>transform</tt> messages or both. Both the <tt>validate</tt> and
+    # <tt>transform</tt> methods should take two parameters: <tt>name</tt> and
+    # <tt>value</tt>. The <tt>validate</tt> method should return <tt>true</tt>
+    # or <tt>false</tt>; <tt>true</tt> if the value of the variable is valid,
+    # <tt>false</tt> otherwise. An <tt>InvalidTemplateValueError</tt> exception
+    # will be raised if the value is invalid. The <tt>transform</tt> method
+    # should return the transformed variable value as a <tt>String</tt>. If a
+    # <tt>transform</tt> method is used, the value will not be percent encoded
+    # automatically. Unicode normalization will be performed both before and
+    # after sending the value to the transform method.
+    #
+    # @return [String] The expanded expression
+    def transform_partial_capture(mapping, capture, processor = nil,
+                                  normalize_values = true)
+      _, operator, varlist = *capture.match(EXPRESSION)
+
+      vars = varlist.split(",")
+
+      if operator == "?"
+        # partial expansion of form style query variables sometimes requires a
+        # slight reordering of the variables to produce a valid url.
+        first_to_expand = vars.find { |varspec|
+          _, name, _ =  *varspec.match(VARSPEC)
+          mapping.key?(name) && !mapping[name].nil?
+        }
+
+        vars = [first_to_expand] + vars.reject {|varspec| varspec == first_to_expand}  if first_to_expand
+      end
+
+      vars.
+        inject("".dup) do |acc, varspec|
+          _, name, _ =  *varspec.match(VARSPEC)
+          next_val = if mapping.key? name
+                       transform_capture(mapping, "{#{operator}#{varspec}}",
+                                         processor, normalize_values)
+                     else
+                       "{#{operator}#{varspec}}"
+                     end
+          # If we've already expanded at least one '?' operator with non-empty
+          # value, change to '&'
+          operator = "&" if (operator == "?") && (next_val != "")
+          acc << next_val
+      end
+    end
+
+    ##
+    # Transforms a mapped value so that values can be substituted into the
+    # template.
+    #
+    # @param [Hash] mapping The mapping to replace captures
+    # @param [String] capture
+    #   The expression to replace
+    # @param [#validate, #transform] processor
+    #   An optional processor object may be supplied.
+    # @param [Boolean] normalize_values
+    #   Optional flag to enable/disable unicode normalization. Default: true
+    #
+    #
+    # The object should respond to either the <tt>validate</tt> or
+    # <tt>transform</tt> messages or both. Both the <tt>validate</tt> and
+    # <tt>transform</tt> methods should take two parameters: <tt>name</tt> and
+    # <tt>value</tt>. The <tt>validate</tt> method should return <tt>true</tt>
+    # or <tt>false</tt>; <tt>true</tt> if the value of the variable is valid,
+    # <tt>false</tt> otherwise. An <tt>InvalidTemplateValueError</tt> exception
+    # will be raised if the value is invalid. The <tt>transform</tt> method
+    # should return the transformed variable value as a <tt>String</tt>. If a
+    # <tt>transform</tt> method is used, the value will not be percent encoded
+    # automatically. Unicode normalization will be performed both before and
+    # after sending the value to the transform method.
+    #
+    # @return [String] The expanded expression
+    def transform_capture(mapping, capture, processor=nil,
+                          normalize_values=true)
+      _, operator, varlist = *capture.match(EXPRESSION)
+      return_value = varlist.split(',').inject([]) do |acc, varspec|
+        _, name, modifier = *varspec.match(VARSPEC)
+        value = mapping[name]
+        unless value == nil || value == {}
+          allow_reserved = %w(+ #).include?(operator)
+          # Common primitives where the .to_s output is well-defined
+          if Numeric === value || Symbol === value ||
+              value == true || value == false
+            value = value.to_s
+          end
+          length = modifier.gsub(':', '').to_i if modifier =~ /^:\d+/
+
+          unless (Hash === value) ||
+            value.respond_to?(:to_ary) || value.respond_to?(:to_str)
+            raise TypeError,
+              "Can't convert #{value.class} into String or Array."
+          end
+
+          value = normalize_value(value) if normalize_values
+
+          if processor == nil || !processor.respond_to?(:transform)
+            # Handle percent escaping
+            if allow_reserved
+              encode_map =
+                Addressable::URI::CharacterClasses::RESERVED +
+                Addressable::URI::CharacterClasses::UNRESERVED
+            else
+              encode_map = Addressable::URI::CharacterClasses::UNRESERVED
+            end
+            if value.kind_of?(Array)
+              transformed_value = value.map do |val|
+                if length
+                  Addressable::URI.encode_component(val[0...length], encode_map)
+                else
+                  Addressable::URI.encode_component(val, encode_map)
+                end
+              end
+              unless modifier == "*"
+                transformed_value = transformed_value.join(',')
+              end
+            elsif value.kind_of?(Hash)
+              transformed_value = value.map do |key, val|
+                if modifier == "*"
+                  "#{
+                    Addressable::URI.encode_component( key, encode_map)
+                  }=#{
+                    Addressable::URI.encode_component( val, encode_map)
+                  }"
+                else
+                  "#{
+                    Addressable::URI.encode_component( key, encode_map)
+                  },#{
+                    Addressable::URI.encode_component( val, encode_map)
+                  }"
+                end
+              end
+              unless modifier == "*"
+                transformed_value = transformed_value.join(',')
+              end
+            else
+              if length
+                transformed_value = Addressable::URI.encode_component(
+                  value[0...length], encode_map)
+              else
+                transformed_value = Addressable::URI.encode_component(
+                  value, encode_map)
+              end
+            end
+          end
+
+          # Process, if we've got a processor
+          if processor != nil
+            if processor.respond_to?(:validate)
+              if !processor.validate(name, value)
+                display_value = value.kind_of?(Array) ? value.inspect : value
+                raise InvalidTemplateValueError,
+                  "#{name}=#{display_value} is an invalid template value."
+              end
+            end
+            if processor.respond_to?(:transform)
+              transformed_value = processor.transform(name, value)
+              if normalize_values
+                transformed_value = normalize_value(transformed_value)
+              end
+            end
+          end
+          acc << [name, transformed_value]
+        end
+        acc
+      end
+      return "" if return_value.empty?
+      join_values(operator, return_value)
+    end
+
+    ##
+    # Takes a set of values, and joins them together based on the
+    # operator.
+    #
+    # @param [String, Nil] operator One of the operators from the set
+    #   (?,&,+,#,;,/,.), or nil if there wasn't one.
+    # @param [Array] return_value
+    #   The set of return values (as [variable_name, value] tuples) that will
+    #   be joined together.
+    #
+    # @return [String] The transformed mapped value
+    def join_values(operator, return_value)
+      leader = LEADERS.fetch(operator, '')
+      joiner = JOINERS.fetch(operator, ',')
+      case operator
+      when '&', '?'
+        leader + return_value.map{|k,v|
+          if v.is_a?(Array) && v.first =~ /=/
+            v.join(joiner)
+          elsif v.is_a?(Array)
+            v.map{|inner_value| "#{k}=#{inner_value}"}.join(joiner)
+          else
+            "#{k}=#{v}"
+          end
+        }.join(joiner)
+      when ';'
+        return_value.map{|k,v|
+          if v.is_a?(Array) && v.first =~ /=/
+            ';' + v.join(";")
+          elsif v.is_a?(Array)
+            ';' + v.map{|inner_value| "#{k}=#{inner_value}"}.join(";")
+          else
+            v && v != '' ?  ";#{k}=#{v}" : ";#{k}"
+          end
+        }.join
+      else
+        leader + return_value.map{|k,v| v}.join(joiner)
+      end
+    end
+
+    ##
+    # Takes a set of values, and joins them together based on the
+    # operator.
+    #
+    # @param [Hash, Array, String] value
+    #   Normalizes unicode keys and values with String#unicode_normalize (NFC)
+    #
+    # @return [Hash, Array, String] The normalized values
+    def normalize_value(value)
+      # Handle unicode normalization
+      if value.respond_to?(:to_ary)
+        value.to_ary.map! { |val| normalize_value(val) }
+      elsif value.kind_of?(Hash)
+        value = value.inject({}) { |acc, (k, v)|
+          acc[normalize_value(k)] = normalize_value(v)
+          acc
+        }
+      else
+        value = value.to_s if !value.kind_of?(String)
+        if value.encoding != Encoding::UTF_8
+          value = value.dup.force_encoding(Encoding::UTF_8)
+        end
+        value = value.unicode_normalize(:nfc)
+      end
+      value
+    end
+
+    ##
+    # Generates a hash with string keys
+    #
+    # @param [Hash] mapping A mapping hash to normalize
+    #
+    # @return [Hash]
+    #   A hash with stringified keys
+    def normalize_keys(mapping)
+      return mapping.inject({}) do |accu, pair|
+        name, value = pair
+        if Symbol === name
+          name = name.to_s
+        elsif name.respond_to?(:to_str)
+          name = name.to_str
+        else
+          raise TypeError,
+            "Can't convert #{name.class} into String."
+        end
+        accu[name] = value
+        accu
+      end
+    end
+
+    ##
+    # Generates the <tt>Regexp</tt> that parses a template pattern. Memoizes the
+    # value if template processor not set (processors may not be deterministic)
+    #
+    # @param [String] pattern The URI template pattern.
+    # @param [#match] processor The template processor to use.
+    #
+    # @return [Array, Regexp]
+    #   An array of expansion variables nad a regular expression which may be
+    #   used to parse a template pattern
+    def parse_template_pattern(pattern, processor = nil)
+      if processor.nil? && pattern == @pattern
+        @cached_template_parse ||=
+          parse_new_template_pattern(pattern, processor)
+      else
+        parse_new_template_pattern(pattern, processor)
+      end
+    end
+
+    ##
+    # Generates the <tt>Regexp</tt> that parses a template pattern.
+    #
+    # @param [String] pattern The URI template pattern.
+    # @param [#match] processor The template processor to use.
+    #
+    # @return [Array, Regexp]
+    #   An array of expansion variables nad a regular expression which may be
+    #   used to parse a template pattern
+    def parse_new_template_pattern(pattern, processor = nil)
+      # Escape the pattern. The two gsubs restore the escaped curly braces
+      # back to their original form. Basically, escape everything that isn't
+      # within an expansion.
+      escaped_pattern = Regexp.escape(
+        pattern
+      ).gsub(/\\\{(.*?)\\\}/) do |escaped|
+        escaped.gsub(/\\(.)/, "\\1")
+      end
+
+      expansions = []
+
+      # Create a regular expression that captures the values of the
+      # variables in the URI.
+      regexp_string = escaped_pattern.gsub( EXPRESSION ) do |expansion|
+
+        expansions << expansion
+        _, operator, varlist = *expansion.match(EXPRESSION)
+        leader = Regexp.escape(LEADERS.fetch(operator, ''))
+        joiner = Regexp.escape(JOINERS.fetch(operator, ','))
+        combined = varlist.split(',').map do |varspec|
+          _, name, modifier = *varspec.match(VARSPEC)
+
+          result = processor && processor.respond_to?(:match) ? processor.match(name) : nil
+          if result
+            "(?<#{name}>#{ result })"
+          else
+            group = case operator
+            when '+'
+              "#{ RESERVED }*?"
+            when '#'
+              "#{ RESERVED }*?"
+            when '/'
+              "#{ UNRESERVED }*?"
+            when '.'
+              "#{ UNRESERVED.gsub('\.', '') }*?"
+            when ';'
+              "#{ UNRESERVED }*=?#{ UNRESERVED }*?"
+            when '?'
+              "#{ UNRESERVED }*=#{ UNRESERVED }*?"
+            when '&'
+              "#{ UNRESERVED }*=#{ UNRESERVED }*?"
+            else
+              "#{ UNRESERVED }*?"
+            end
+            if modifier == '*'
+              "(?<#{name}>#{group}(?:#{joiner}?#{group})*)?"
+            else
+              "(?<#{name}>#{group})?"
+            end
+          end
+        end.join("#{joiner}?")
+        "(?:|#{leader}#{combined})"
+      end
+
+      # Ensure that the regular expression matches the whole URI.
+      regexp_string = "\\A#{regexp_string}\\z"
+      return expansions, Regexp.new(regexp_string)
+    end
+
+  end
+end