unicorn 4.8.0 → 6.1.0

data/NEWS

@@ -1,3 +1,826 @@
+=== unicorn 6.0.0 - no more recycling Rack env / 2021-03-17 06:38 UTC
+
+  This release allocates a new Rack `env' hash for every request.
+  This is done for safety with internally-(thread|event)-using Rack
+  apps which expect to use `env' after the normal Rack response is
+  complete, but without relying on rack.hijack[1].  Thanks to
+  Dirkjan Bussink <d.bussink@gmail.com> for the patch:
+
+    https://yhbt.net/unicorn-public/66A68DD8-83EF-4C7A-80E8-3F1F7AB31670@github.com/
+
+  The major version is bumped since:
+
+  1) there are performance regressions for some simple Rack apps
+
+  2) unsupported 3rd-party monkey patches which previously
+     relied on this behavior may be broken (our version of
+     OobGC was).
+
+  The test suite is also more reliable on multi-core systems
+  and Ruby 3.x.
+
+  [1] thread from 2017 around rack.hijack safety:
+      https://yhbt.net/unicorn-public/CAAtdryPG3nLuyo0jxfYW1YHu1Q+ZpkLkd4KdWC8vA46B5haZxw@mail.gmail.com/
+
+=== unicorn 5.8.0 - rack.after_reply support / 2020-12-24 20:39 UTC
+
+  This release supports env['rack.after_reply'] which allows
+  rack middleware to pass lambdas to be executed after the client
+  connection is closed, matching functionality in Puma.
+
+  Thanks to Blake Williams for this patch:
+  https://yhbt.net/unicorn-public/9873E53C-04D3-4759-9678-CA17DBAEF7B7@blakewilliams.me/
+
+  The top-level of our website is now simpler and no longer
+  redundant with the contents of https://yhbt.net/unicorn/README.html
+  (which contains the old content)
+
+=== unicorn 5.7.0 / 2020-09-08 08:41 UTC
+
+  Relaxed Ruby version requirements for Ruby 3.0.0dev.
+  Thanks to Jean Boussier for testing
+
+=== unicorn 5.6.0 - early_hints support / 2020-07-26 01:52 UTC
+
+  This release adds support for the early_hints configurator
+  directive for the 'rack.early_hints' API used by Rails 5.2+.
+
+  Thanks to Jean Boussier for the patch.
+
+  Link: https://yhbt.net/unicorn-public/242F0859-0F83-4F14-A0FF-5BE392BB01E6@shopify.com/
+
+=== unicorn 5.5.5 / 2020-04-27 02:48 UTC
+
+  This release fixes a bug for users of multiple listeners setups
+  where a busy listen socket could starve other listeners.
+
+  Thanks to Stan Hu for reporting and testing.
+
+  No need to upgrade if you're using a single listen socket.
+
+  Link: https://yhbt.net/unicorn-public/CAMBWrQ=Yh42MPtzJCEO7XryVknDNetRMuA87irWfqVuLdJmiBQ@mail.gmail.com/
+
+=== unicorn 5.5.4 / 2020-03-24 22:10 UTC
+
+  One change to improve RFC 7230 conformance in the HTTP parser:
+
+  https://yhbt.net/unicorn-public/20200319022823.32472-1-bofh@yhbt.net/
+
+=== unicorn 5.5.3 / 2020-01-31 20:39 UTC
+
+  Documentation updates to switch bogomips.org to yhbt.net since
+  the .org TLD won't be affordable in the near future.
+
+  There's also a few minor test cleanups.
+
+=== unicorn 5.5.2 / 2019-12-20 02:08 UTC
+
+  Thanks to Terry Scheingeld, we now workaround a Ruby bug
+  and can now run with taint checks enabled:
+  <https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/14485>
+  <https://bogomips.org/unicorn-public/CABg1sXrvGv9G6CDQxePDUqTe6N-5UpLXm7eG3YQO=dda-Cgg7A@mail.gmail.com/>
+
+  There's also a few documentation updates and building packages
+  from source is easier since pandoc is no longer a dependency
+  (and I can no longer afford the bandwidth or space to install
+  it).
+
+  Eric Wong (7):
+        test/benchmark/ddstream: demo for slowly reading clients
+        test/benchmark/readinput: demo for slowly uploading clients
+        test/benchmark/uconnect: test for accept loop speed
+        examples/unicorn@.service: note the NonBlocking flag
+        Merge remote-tracking branch 'origin/ts/tmpio'
+        test_util: get rid of some unused variables in tests
+        doc: replace pandoc-"Markdown" with real manpages
+
+  Terry Scheingeld (1):
+        tmpio: workaround File#path being tainted on unlink
+
+=== unicorn 5.5.1 / 2019-05-06 06:40 UTC
+
+  This release fixes and works around issues from v5.5.0 (2019-03-04)
+
+  Stephen Demjanenko worked around a pipe resource accounting bug
+  present in old Linux kernels.  Linux 3.x users from 3.16.57 and
+  on are unaffected.  Linux 4.x users from 4.9 and on are
+  unaffected.
+
+  https://bogomips.org/unicorn-public/1556922018-24096-1-git-send-email-sdemjanenko@gmail.com/
+
+  Stan Pitucha reported a bug with the old `unicorn_rails' wrapper
+  (intended for Rails 2.x users) which was promptly fixed by
+  Jeremy Evans:
+
+  https://bogomips.org/unicorn-public/CAJ2_uEPifcv_ux4sX=t0C4zHTHGhqVfcLcSB2kTU3Rb_6pQ3nw@mail.gmail.com/
+
+  There's also some doc updates to warn users off `unicorn_rails';
+  the homepage is now energy-efficient for OLEDs and CRTs;
+  and I'm no longer advertising mailing list subscriptions
+  (because I hate centralization and mail archives are the priority)
+
+  Eric Wong (3):
+        doc: unicorn_rails: clarify that it is intended for rails <= 2.x
+        doc: stop advertising mailing list subscription
+        doc: switch homepage to dark216
+
+  Jeremy Evans (1):
+        unicorn_rails: fix regression with Rails >= 3.x in app build
+
+  Stephen Demjanenko (1):
+        Rescue failed pipe resizes due to permissions
+
+=== unicorn 5.5.0 / 2019-03-04 00:41 UTC
+
+  Mostly identical to 5.5.0.pre1, which I didn't hear any feedback
+  from:
+
+    https://bogomips.org/unicorn-public/20181220222842.GA27382@dcvr/
+
+  > Jeremy Evans contributed the "default_middleware" configuration option:
+  >
+  >   https://bogomips.org/unicorn-public/20180913192055.GD48926@jeremyevans.local/
+  >
+  > Jeremy also contributed the ability to use separate groups for the process
+  > and log files:
+  >
+  >   https://bogomips.org/unicorn-public/20180913192449.GE48926@jeremyevans.local/
+  >
+  > There's also a couple of uninteresting minor optimizations and
+  > documentation additions.
+
+  Otherwise, there's one extra change to use
+  rb_gc_register_mark_object which is finally a documented part of
+  the Ruby C-API, but has existed since the 1.9 days.
+
+=== unicorn 5.5.0.pre1 / 2018-12-20 20:11 UTC
+
+  Jeremy Evans contributed the "default_middleware" configuration option:
+
+    https://bogomips.org/unicorn-public/20180913192055.GD48926@jeremyevans.local/
+
+  Jeremy also contributed the ability to use separate groups for the process
+  and log files:
+
+    https://bogomips.org/unicorn-public/20180913192449.GE48926@jeremyevans.local/
+
+  There's also a couple of uninteresting minor optimizations and
+  documentation additions.
+
+  Eric Wong (10):
+        remove random seed reset atfork
+        use IO#wait instead of kgio_wait_readable
+        Merge branch '5.4-stable'
+        shrink pipes under Linux
+        socket_helper: add hint for FreeBSD users for accf_http(9)
+        tests: ensure -N/--no-default-middleware not supported in config.ru
+        doc: update more URLs to use HTTPS and avoid redirects
+        deduplicate strings VM-wide in Ruby 2.5+
+        doc/ISSUES: add links to git clone-able mail archives of our dependencies
+        README: minor updates and additional disclaimer
+
+  Jeremy Evans (2):
+        Make Worker#user support different process primary group and log file group
+        Support default_middleware configuration option
+
+=== unicorn 5.4.1 / 2018-07-23 17:13 UTC
+
+  This release quiets some warnings for Ruby 2.6 preview releases
+  and enables tests to pass under Ruby 1.9.3.  Otherwise, nothing
+  interesting for Ruby 2.0..2.5 users.  *YAWN*
+
+  Eric Wong (1):
+        quiet some mismatched indentation warnings
+
+  Fumiaki MATSUSHIMA (1):
+        Use IO#wait instead to fix test for Ruby 1.9
+
+=== unicorn 5.4.0 / 2017-12-23 23:33 UTC
+
+  Rack hijack support improves as the app code can capture and use
+  the Rack `env' privately without copying it (to avoid clobbering
+  by another client).  Thanks to Sam Saffron for reporting and
+  testing this new feature:
+    https://bogomips.org/unicorn-public/CAAtdryPG3nLuyo0jxfYW1YHu1Q+ZpkLkd4KdWC8vA46B5haZxw@mail.gmail.com/T/
+
+  We also now support $DEBUG being set by the Rack app (instead of
+  relying on the "-d" CLI switch).  Thanks to James P Robinson Jr
+  for reporting this bug:
+    https://bogomips.org/unicorn-public/D6324CB4.7BC3E%25james.robinson3@cigna.com/T/
+    (Coincidentally, this fix will be irrelevant for Ruby 2.5
+     which requires 'pp' by default)
+
+  There's a few minor test cleanups and documentation updates, too.
+
+  All commits since v5.3.1 (2017-10-03):
+
+      reduce method calls with String#start_with?
+      require 'pp' if $DEBUG is set by Rack app
+      avoid reusing env on hijack
+      tests: cleanup some unused variable warnings
+      ISSUES: add a note about Debian BTS interopability
+
+  Roughly all mailing discussions since the last release:
+
+    https://bogomips.org/unicorn-public/?q=d:20171004..20171223
+
+=== unicorn 5.3.1 / 2017-10-03 19:03 UTC
+
+  This release fixes an occasional GC problem introduced in v5.3.0
+  to reduce global variable overhead (commit 979ebcf91705709b)
+
+  Thanks to Xuanzhong Wei for the patch which lead to this release:
+
+  https://bogomips.org/unicorn-public/20171003182054.76392-1-azrlew@gmail.com/T/#u
+  https://bogomips.org/unicorn-public/20171003145718.30404-1-azrlew@gmail.com/T/#u
+
+  Xuanzhong Wei (1):
+        fix GC issue on rb_global_variable array
+
+=== unicorn 5.3.0 / 2017-04-01 08:03 UTC
+
+  A couple of portability fixes from Dylan Thacker-Smith and
+  Jeremy Evans since 5.3.0.pre1 over a week ago, but this looks
+  ready for a stable release, today.
+
+  When I started this over 8 years ago, I wondered if this would
+  just end up being an April Fools' joke.  Guess not.  I guess I
+  somehow tricked people into using a terribly marketed web server
+  that cannot talk directly to untrusted clients :x  Anyways,
+  unicorn won't be able to handle slow clients 8 years from now,
+  either, or 80 years from now.  And I vow never to learn to use
+  new-fangled things like epoll, kqueue, or threads :P
+
+  Anyways, this is a largish release with several new features,
+  and no backwards incompatibilities.
+
+  Simon Eskildsen contributed heavily using TCP_INFO under Linux
+  to implement the (now 5 year old) check_client_connection feature:
+
+    https://bogomips.org/unicorn/Unicorn/Configurator.html#method-i-check_client_connection
+    https://bogomips.org/unicorn-public/?q=s:check_client_connection&d:..20170401&x=t
+
+  This also led to FreeBSD and OpenBSD portability improvements in
+  one of our dependencies, raindrops:
+
+     https://bogomips.org/raindrops-public/20170323024829.GA5190@dcvr/T/#u
+
+  Jeremy Evans contributed several new features.  First he
+  implemented after_worker_exit to aid debugging:
+
+    https://bogomips.org/unicorn/Unicorn/Configurator.html#method-i-after_worker_exit
+    https://bogomips.org/unicorn-public/?q=s:after_worker_exit&d:..20170401&x=t#t
+
+  And then security-related features to isolate workers.  Workers
+  may now chroot to drop access to the master filesystem, and the
+  new after_worker_ready configuration hook now exists to aid with
+  chroot support in workers:
+
+    https://bogomips.org/unicorn/Unicorn/Configurator.html#method-i-after_worker_ready
+    https://bogomips.org/unicorn/Unicorn/Worker.html#method-i-user
+    https://bogomips.org/unicorn-public/?q=s:after_worker_ready&d:..20170401&x=t#t
+    https://bogomips.org/unicorn-public/?q=s:chroot&d:..20170401&x=t#t
+
+  Additionally, workers may run in a completely different VM space
+  (nullifying preload_app and any CoW savings) with the new
+  worker_exec option:
+
+    https://bogomips.org/unicorn/Unicorn/Configurator.html#method-i-worker_exec
+    https://bogomips.org/unicorn-public/?q=s:worker_exec&d:..20170401&x=t#t
+
+  There are also several improvements to FreeBSD and OpenBSD
+  support with the addition of these features.
+
+  shortlog of changes since v5.2.0 (2016-10-31):
+
+  Dylan Thacker-Smith (1):
+        Check for Socket::TCP_INFO constant before trying to get TCP_INFO
+
+  Eric Wong (30):
+        drop rb_str_set_len compatibility replacement
+        TUNING: document THP caveat for Linux users
+        tee_input: simplify condition for IO#write
+        remove response_start_sent
+        http_request: freeze constant strings passed IO#write
+        Revert "remove response_start_sent"
+        t/t0012-reload-empty-config.sh: access ivars directly if needed
+        t0011-active-unix-socket.sh: fix race condition in test
+        new test for check_client_connection
+        revert signature change to HttpServer#process_client
+        support "struct tcp_info" on non-Linux and Ruby 2.2+
+        unicorn_http: reduce rb_global_variable calls
+        oob_gc: rely on opt_aref_with optimization on Ruby 2.2+
+        http_request: reduce insn size for check_client_connection
+        freebsd: avoid EINVAL when setting accept filter
+        test-lib: expr(1) portability fix
+        tests: keep disabled tests defined
+        test_exec: SO_KEEPALIVE value only needs to be true
+        doc: fix links to raindrops project
+        http_request: support proposed Raindrops::TCP states on non-Linux
+        ISSUES: expand on mail archive info + subscription disclaimer
+        test_ccc: use a pipe to synchronize test
+        doc: remove private email support address
+        input: update documentation and hide internals.
+        http_server: initialize @pid ivar
+        gemspec: remove olddoc from build dependency
+        doc: add version annotations for new features
+        unicorn 5.3.0.pre1
+        doc: note after_worker_exit is also 5.3.0+
+        test_exec: SO_KEEPALIVE value only needs to be true (take #2)
+
+  Jeremy Evans (7):
+        Add after_worker_exit configuration option
+        Fix code example in after_worker_exit documentation
+        Add support for chroot to Worker#user
+        Add after_worker_ready configuration option
+        Add worker_exec configuration option
+        Don't pass a block for fork when forking workers
+        Check for SocketError on first ccc attempt
+
+  Simon Eskildsen (1):
+        check_client_connection: use tcp state on linux
+
+=== unicorn 5.3.0.pre1 / 2017-03-24 00:25 UTC
+
+  A largish release with several new features.
+
+  Simon Eskildsen contributed heavily using TCP_INFO under Linux
+  to implement the (now 5 year old) check_client_connection feature:
+
+    https://bogomips.org/unicorn/Unicorn/Configurator.html#method-i-check_client_connection
+    https://bogomips.org/unicorn-public/?q=s:check_client_connection&d:..20170324&x=t
+
+  This also led to FreeBSD and OpenBSD portability improvements in
+  one of our dependencies, raindrops:
+
+     https://bogomips.org/raindrops-public/20170323024829.GA5190@dcvr/T/#u
+
+  Jeremy Evans contributed several new features.  First he
+  implemented after_worker_exit to aid debugging:
+
+    https://bogomips.org/unicorn/Unicorn/Configurator.html#method-i-after_worker_exit
+    https://bogomips.org/unicorn-public/?q=s:after_worker_exit&d:..20170324&x=t#t
+
+  And then security-related features to isolate workers.  Workers
+  may now chroot to drop access to the master filesystem, and the
+  new after_worker_ready configuration hook now exists to aid with
+  chroot support in workers:
+
+    https://bogomips.org/unicorn/Unicorn/Configurator.html#method-i-after_worker_ready
+    https://bogomips.org/unicorn/Unicorn/Worker.html#method-i-user
+    https://bogomips.org/unicorn-public/?q=s:after_worker_ready&d:..20170324&x=t#t
+    https://bogomips.org/unicorn-public/?q=s:chroot&d:..20170324&x=t#t
+
+  Additionally, workers may run in a completely different VM space
+  (nullifying preload_app and any CoW savings) with the new
+  worker_exec option:
+
+    https://bogomips.org/unicorn/Unicorn/Configurator.html#method-i-worker_exec
+    https://bogomips.org/unicorn-public/?q=s:worker_exec&d:..20170324&x=t#t
+
+  There are also several improvements to FreeBSD and OpenBSD
+  support with the addition of these features.
+
+  34 changes since 5.2.0 (2016-10-31):
+
+  Eric Wong (27):
+        drop rb_str_set_len compatibility replacement
+        TUNING: document THP caveat for Linux users
+        tee_input: simplify condition for IO#write
+        remove response_start_sent
+        http_request: freeze constant strings passed IO#write
+        Revert "remove response_start_sent"
+        t/t0012-reload-empty-config.sh: access ivars directly if needed
+        t0011-active-unix-socket.sh: fix race condition in test
+        new test for check_client_connection
+        revert signature change to HttpServer#process_client
+        support "struct tcp_info" on non-Linux and Ruby 2.2+
+        unicorn_http: reduce rb_global_variable calls
+        oob_gc: rely on opt_aref_with optimization on Ruby 2.2+
+        http_request: reduce insn size for check_client_connection
+        freebsd: avoid EINVAL when setting accept filter
+        test-lib: expr(1) portability fix
+        tests: keep disabled tests defined
+        test_exec: SO_KEEPALIVE value only needs to be true
+        doc: fix links to raindrops project
+        http_request: support proposed Raindrops::TCP states on non-Linux
+        ISSUES: expand on mail archive info + subscription disclaimer
+        test_ccc: use a pipe to synchronize test
+        doc: remove private email support address
+        input: update documentation and hide internals.
+        http_server: initialize @pid ivar
+        gemspec: remove olddoc from build dependency
+        doc: add version annotations for new features
+
+  Jeremy Evans (6):
+        Add after_worker_exit configuration option
+        Fix code example in after_worker_exit documentation
+        Add support for chroot to Worker#user
+        Add after_worker_ready configuration option
+        Add worker_exec configuration option
+        Don't pass a block for fork when forking workers
+
+  Simon Eskildsen (1):
+        check_client_connection: use tcp state on linux
+
+=== unicorn 5.2.0 / 2016-10-31 20:00 UTC
+
+  Most notably, this release allows us to support requests with
+  lines delimited by LF-only, as opposed to the standard CRLF
+  pair and allowed by RFC 2616 sec 19.3.
+
+  Thanks to Mishael A Sibiryakov for the explanation and change:
+
+    https://bogomips.org/unicorn-public/1476954332.1736.156.camel@junki.org/
+
+  Thanks to Let's Encrypt, the website also moves to HTTPS
+  <https://bogomips.org/unicorn/> to improve reader privacy.  The
+  "unicorn.bogomips.org" subdomain will be retired soon to reduce
+  subjectAltName bloat and speed up certificate renewals.
+
+  There's also the usual round of documentation and example
+  updates, too.
+
+  Eric Wong (7):
+        examples/init.sh: update to reduce upgrade raciness
+        doc: systemd should only kill master in example
+        examples/logrotate.conf: update example for systemd
+        doc: update gmane URLs to point to our own archives
+        relocate website to https://bogomips.org/unicorn/
+        TODO: remove Rack 2.x item
+        build: "install-gem" target avoids network
+
+  Mishael A Sibiryakov (1):
+        Add some tolerance (RFC2616 sec. 19.3)
+
+=== unicorn 5.1.0 - rack is optional, again / 2016-04-01 00:35 UTC
+
+  Note: no code changes since 5.1.0.pre1 from January.^WNo, wait,
+  last minute performance improvement added today.  See below.
+
+  The big change is rack is not required (but still recommended).
+  Applications are expected to depend on rack on their own so they can
+  specify the version of rack they prefer without unicorn pulling
+  in a newer, potentially incompatible version.
+
+  unicorn will always attempt to work with multiple versions of rack
+  as practical.
+
+  The HTTP parser also switched to using the TypedData C-API for
+  extra type safety and memory usage accounting support in the
+  'objspace' extension.
+
+  Thanks to Adam Duke to bringing the rack change to our attention
+  and Aaron Patterson for helping with the matter.
+
+  Last minute change: we now support the new leftpad() syscall under
+  Linux for major performance and security improvement:
+
+      http://mid.gmane.org/1459463613-32473-1-git-send-email-richard@nod.at
+
+  8^H9 changes since 5.0.1:
+
+        http: TypedData C-API conversion
+        various documentation updates
+        doc: bump olddoc to ~> 1.2 for extra NNTP URL
+        rack is optional at runtime, required for dev
+        doc update for ClientShutdown exceptions class
+        unicorn 5.1.0.pre1 - rack is optional, again
+        doc: reference --keep-file-descriptors for "bundle exec"
+        doc: further trimming to reduce noise
+        use leftpad Linux syscall for speed!
+
+=== unicorn 5.1.0.pre1 - rack is optional, again / 2016-01-27 23:08 UTC
+
+  The big change is rack is not required (but still recommended).
+  Applications are expected to depend on rack on their own so they can
+  specify the version of rack they prefer without unicorn pulling
+  in a newer, potentially incompatible version.
+
+  unicorn will always attempt to work with multiple versions of rack
+  as practical.
+
+  The HTTP parser also switched to using the TypedData C-API for
+  extra type safety and memory usage accounting support in the
+  'objspace' extension.
+
+  Thanks to Adam Duke to bringing the rack change to our attention
+  and Aaron Patterson for helping with the matter.
+
+  There might be more documentation-related changes before 5.1.0
+  final.  I am considering dropping pandoc from manpage generation
+  and relying on pod2man (from Perl) because it has a wider install
+  base.
+
+  5 changes since v5.0.1:
+
+        http: TypedData C-API conversion
+        various documentation updates
+        doc: bump olddoc to ~> 1.2 for extra NNTP URL
+        rack is optional at runtime, required for dev
+        doc update for ClientShutdown exceptions class
+
+=== unicorn 5.0.1 - continuing to violate Rack SPEC / 2015-11-17 22:44 UTC
+
+  Once again, we allow nil values in response headers.  We've had
+  this bug since March 2009, and thus cannot expect existing
+  applications and middlewares running unicorn to fix this.
+
+  Unfortunately, supporting this bug contributes to application
+  server lock-in, but at least we'll document it as such.
+
+  Thanks to Owen Ou <o@heroku.com> for reporting this regression:
+
+    http://bogomips.org/unicorn-public/CAO47=rJa=zRcLn_Xm4v2cHPr6c0UswaFC_omYFEH+baSxHOWKQ@mail.gmail.com/
+
+  Additionally, systemd examples are now in the examples/ directory
+  based on a post by Christos Trochalakis <yatiohi@ideopolis.gr>:
+
+    http://bogomips.org/unicorn-public/20150708130821.GA1361@luke.ws.skroutz.gr/
+
+=== unicorn 5.0.0 - most boring major release. EVER. / 2015-11-01 08:48 UTC
+
+  An evolutionary dead-end since its announcement[1] nearly six years
+  ago, this old-fashioned preforker has had enough bugs and missteps
+  that it's managed to hit version 5!
+
+  I wish I could say unicorn 5 is leaps and bounds better than 4, but
+  it is not.  This major version change allows us to drop some cruft
+  and unused features which accumulated over the years, resulting in
+  several kilobytes of memory saved[2]!
+
+  Compatibility:
+
+  * The horrible, proprietary (:P) "Status:" response header is
+    finally gone, saving at least 16 precious bytes in every HTTP
+    response.  This should make it easier to write custom HTTP clients
+    which are compatible across all HTTP servers.  It will hopefully
+    make migrating between different Rack servers easier for new
+    projects.
+
+  * Ruby 1.8 support removed.  Ruby 1.9.3 is currently the earliest
+    supported version.  However, expect minor, likely-unnoticeable
+    performance regressions if you use Ruby 2.1 or earlier.  Going
+    forward, unicorn will favor the latest version (currently 2.2) of
+    the mainline Ruby implementation, potentially sacrificing
+    performance on older Rubies.
+
+  * Some internal, undocumented features and APIs used by
+    derivative servers are gone; removing bloat and slightly lowering
+    memory use.  We have never and will never endorse the use of any
+    applications or middleware with a dependency on unicorn,
+    applications should be written for Rack instead.
+    Note: Rainbows! 5.0 will be released next week or so to be
+    compatible with unicorn 5.x
+
+  New features:
+
+  * sd_listen_fds(3) emulation added for systemd compatibility.
+    You may now stop using PID files and other process monitoring
+    software when using systemd.
+
+  * Newly-set TCP socket options are now applied to inherited sockets.
+
+  * Dynamic changes in the application to Rack::Utils::HTTP_STATUS
+    hash is now supported; allowing users to set custom status lines
+    in Rack to be reflected in unicorn.  This feature causes a minor
+    performance regression, but is made up for Ruby 2.2 users with
+    other optimizations.
+
+  * The monotonic clock is used under Ruby 2.1+, making the
+    timeout feature immune to system clock changes.
+
+  As unicorn may be used anonymously without registration, the
+  project is committed to supporting anonymous and pseudonymous
+  help requests, contributions and feedback via plain-text mail to:
+
+      unicorn-public@bogomips.org
+
+  The mail submission port (587) is open to those behind firewalls
+  and allows access via Tor and anonymous remailers.
+  Archives are accessible via: http://bogomips.org/unicorn-public/
+  and mirrored to various other places, so you do not need to use
+  a valid address when posting.
+
+  Finally, rest assured the core design of unicorn will never change.
+  It will never use new-fangled things like threads, kqueue or epoll;
+  but will always remain a preforking server serving one client
+  per-process.
+
+  [1] http://mid.gmane.org/20090211230457.GB22926@dcvr.yhbt.net
+  [2] this would've been like, totally gnarly in the 80s!
+
+=== unicorn 5.0.0.pre2 - another prerelease! / 2015-07-06 21:37 UTC
+
+  There is a minor TCP socket options are now applied to inherited
+  sockets, and we have native support for inheriting sockets from
+  systemd (by emulating the sd_listen_fds(3) function).
+
+  Dynamic changes in the application to Rack::Utils::HTTP_STATUS
+  codes is now supported, so you can use your own custom status
+  lines.
+
+  Ruby 2.2 and later is now favored for performance.
+  Optimizations by using constants which made sense in earlier
+  versions of Ruby are gone: so users of old Ruby versions
+  will see performance regressions.  Ruby 2.2 users should
+  see the same or better performance, and we have less code
+  as a result.
+
+  * doc: update some invalid URLs
+  * apply TCP socket options on inherited sockets
+  * reflect changes in Rack::Utils::HTTP_STATUS_CODES
+  * reduce constants and optimize for Ruby 2.2
+  * http_response: reduce size of multi-line header path
+  * emulate sd_listen_fds for systemd support
+  * test/unit/test_response.rb: compatibility with older test-unit
+
+  This also includes all changes in unicorn 5.0.0.pre1:
+
+  http://bogomips.org/unicorn-public/m/20150615225652.GA16164@dcvr.yhbt.net.html
+
+=== unicorn 5.0.0.pre1 - incompatible changes! / 2015-06-15 22:49 UTC
+
+  This release finally drops Ruby 1.8 support and requires Ruby 1.9.3
+  or later.  The horrible "Status:" header in our HTTP response is
+  finally gone, saving at least 16 precious bytes in every single HTTP
+  response.
+
+  Under Ruby 2.1 and later, the monotonic clock is used for timeout
+  handling for better accuracy.
+
+  Several experimental, unused and undocumented features are removed.
+
+  There's also tiny, minor performance and memory improvements from
+  dropping 1.8 compatibility, but probably nothing noticeable on a
+  typical real-life (bloated) app.
+
+  The biggest performance improvement we made was to our website by
+  switching to olddoc.  Depending on connection speed, latency, and
+  renderer performance, it typically loads two to four times faster.
+
+  Finally, for the billionth time: unicorn must never be exposed
+  to slow clients, as it will never ever use new-fangled things
+  like non-blocking socket I/O, threads, epoll or kqueue.  unicorn
+  must be used with a fully-buffering reverse proxy such as nginx
+  for slow clients.
+
+  * ISSUES: update with mailing list subscription
+  * GIT-VERSION-GEN: start 5.0.0 development
+  * http: remove xftrust options
+  * FAQ: add entry for Rails autoflush_log
+  * dev: remove isolate dependency
+  * unicorn.gemspec: depend on test-unit 3.0
+  * http_response: remove Status: header
+  * remove RubyForge and Freecode references
+  * remove mongrel.rubyforge.org references
+  * http: remove the keepalive requests limit
+  * http: reduce parser from 72 to 56 bytes on 64-bit
+  * examples: add run_once to before_fork hook example
+  * worker: remove old tmp accessor
+  * http_server: save 450+ bytes of memory on x86-64
+  * t/t0002-parser-error.sh: relax test for rack 1.6.0
+  * remove SSL support
+  * tmpio: drop the "size" method
+  * switch docs + website to olddoc
+  * README: clarify/reduce references to unicorn_rails
+  * gemspec: fixup olddoc migration
+  * use the monotonic clock under Ruby 2.1+
+  * http: -Wshorten-64-to-32 warnings on clang
+  * remove old inetd+git examples and exec_cgi
+  * http: standalone require + reduction in binary size
+  * GNUmakefile: fix clean gem build + reduce build cruft
+  * socket_helper: reduce constant lookups and caching
+  * remove 1.8, <= 1.9.1 fallback for missing IO#autoclose=
+  * favor IO#close_on_exec= over fcntl in 1.9+
+  * use require_relative to reduce syscalls at startup
+  * doc: update support status for Ruby versions
+  * fix uninstalled testing and reduce require paths
+  * test_socket_helper: do not depend on SO_REUSEPORT
+  * favor "a.b(&:c)" form over "a.b { |x| x.c }"
+  * ISSUES: add section for bugs in other projects
+  * http_server: favor ivars over constants
+  * explain 11 byte magic number for self-pipe
+  * const: drop constants used by Rainbows!
+  * reduce and localize constant string use
+  * Links: mark Rainbows! as historical, reference yahns
+  * save about 200 bytes of memory on x86-64
+  * http: remove deprecated reset method
+  * http: remove experimental dechunk! method
+  * socket_helper: update comments
+  * doc: document UNICORN_FD in manpage
+  * doc: document Etc.nprocessors for worker_processes
+  * favor more string literals for cold call sites
+  * tee_input: support for Rack::TempfileReaper middleware
+  * support TempfileReaper in deployment and development envs
+  * favor kgio_wait_readable for single FD over select
+  * Merge tag 'v4.9.0'
+  * http_request: support rack.hijack by default
+  * avoid extra allocation for hijack proc creation
+  * FAQ: add note about ECONNRESET errors from bodies
+  * process SIGWINCH unless stdin is a TTY
+  * ISSUES: discourage HTML mail strongly, welcome nyms
+  * http: use rb_hash_clear in Ruby 2.0+
+  * http_response: avoid special-casing for Rack < 1.5
+  * www: install NEWS.atom.xml properly
+  * http_server: remove a few more accessors and constants
+  * http_response: simplify regular expression
+  * move the socket into Rack env for hijacking
+  * http: move response_start_sent into the C ext
+  * FAQ: reorder bit on Rack 1.1.x and Rails 2.3.x
+  * ensure body is closed during hijack
+
+=== unicorn 4.9.0 - TempfileReaper support in Rack 1.6 / 2015-04-24 03:09 UTC
+
+  This release supports the Rack::TempfileReaper middleware found
+  in rack 1.6 for cleaning up disk space used by temporary files.
+  We also use Rack::TempfileReaper for cleaning up large temporary
+  files buffered with TeeInput.  Users on rack 1.5 and earlier
+  will see no changes.
+
+  There's also a bunch of documentation/build system improvements.
+
+  This is likely to be the last Ruby 1.8-compatible release,
+  unicorn 5.x will require 1.9.3 or later as well as dropping lots
+  of cruft (the stupid "Status:" header in responses being the
+  most notable).
+
+  21 changes backported from master:
+
+        ISSUES: update with mailing list subscription
+        FAQ: add entry for Rails autoflush_log
+        dev: remove isolate dependency
+        unicorn.gemspec: depend on test-unit 3.0
+        remove RubyForge and Freecode references
+        remove mongrel.rubyforge.org references
+        examples: add run_once to before_fork hook example
+        t/t0002-parser-error.sh: relax test for rack 1.6.0
+        switch docs + website to olddoc
+        README: clarify/reduce references to unicorn_rails
+        gemspec: fixup olddoc migration
+        GNUmakefile: fix clean gem build + reduce build cruft
+        doc: update support status for Ruby versions
+        fix uninstalled testing and reduce require paths
+        test_socket_helper: do not depend on SO_REUSEPORT
+        ISSUES: add section for bugs in other projects
+        explain 11 byte magic number for self-pipe
+        Links: mark Rainbows! as historical, reference yahns
+        doc: document UNICORN_FD in manpage
+        tee_input: support for Rack::TempfileReaper middleware
+        support TempfileReaper in deployment and development envs
+
+=== unicorn 4.8.3 - the end of an era / 2014-05-07 07:50 UTC
+
+  This release updates documentation to reflect the migration of the
+  mailing list to a new public-inbox[1] instance.  This is necessary
+  due to the impending RubyForge shutdown on May 15, 2014.
+
+  The public-inbox address is: unicorn-public@bogomips.org
+      (no subscription required, plain text only)
+  ssoma[2] git archives: git://bogomips.org/unicorn-public
+  browser-friendly archives: http://bogomips.org/unicorn-public/
+
+  Using, getting help for, and contributing to unicorn will never
+  require any of the following:
+
+  1) non-Free software (including SaaS)
+  2) registration or sign-in of any kind
+  3) a real identity (we accept mail from Mixmaster)
+  4) a graphical user interface
+
+  Nowadays, plain-text email is the only ubiquitous platform which
+  meets all our requirements for communication.
+
+  There is also one small bugfix to handle premature grandparent death
+  upon initial startup.  Most users are unaffected.
+
+  [1] policy: http://public-inbox.org/ - git://80x24.org/public-inbox
+      an "archives first" approach to mailing lists
+  [2] mechanism: http://ssoma.public-inbox.org/ - git://80x24.org/ssoma
+      some sort of mail archiver (using git)
+
+=== unicorn 4.8.2 - avoid race condition during worker startup / 2014-02-05 18:24 UTC
+
+  We close SELF_PIPE in the worker immediately, but signal handlers
+  do not get setup immediately.  So prevent workers from erroring out
+  due to invalid SELF_PIPE.
+
+=== unicorn 4.8.1 / 2014-01-29 08:48 UTC
+
+  fix races/error handling in worker SIGQUIT handler
+
+  This protects us from two problems:
+
+  1) we (or our app) somehow called IO#close on one of the sockets
+     we listen on without removing it from the readers array.
+     We'll ignore IOErrors from IO#close and assume we wanted to
+     close it.
+
+  2) our SIGQUIT handler is interrupted by itself.  This can happen as
+     a fake signal from the master could be handled and a real signal
+     from an outside user is sent to us (e.g. from unicorn-worker-killer)
+     or if a user uses the killall(1) command.
+
 === unicorn 4.8.0 - big internal changes, but compatible / 2014-01-11 07:34 UTC
 
   This release contains fairly major internal workings of master-to-worker