trackler 2.2.1.4 → 2.2.1.5

data/tracks/racket/exercises/grains/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+# Grains
+
+Calculate the number of grains of wheat on a chessboard given that the number
+on each square doubles.
+
+There once was a wise servant who saved the life of a prince. The king
+promised to pay whatever the servant could dream up. Knowing that the
+king loved chess, the servant told the king he would like to have grains
+of wheat. One grain on the first square of a chess board. Two grains on
+the next. Four on the third, and so on.
+
+There are 64 squares on a chessboard.
+
+Write code that shows:
+- how many grains were on each square, and
+- the total number of grains
+
+
+## For bonus points
+
+Did you get the tests passing and the code clean? If you want to, these
+are some additional things you could try:
+
+- Optimize for speed.
+- Optimize for readability.
+
+Then please share your thoughts in a comment on the submission. Did this
+experiment make the code better? Worse? Did you learn anything from it?
+
+* * * *
+
+For installation and learning resources, refer to the
+[exercism Racket page](http://exercism.io/languages/racket).
+
+You can run the provided tests through DrRacket, or via the command line.
+
+To run the test through DrRacket, simply open the test file and click the 'Run' button in the upper right.
+
+To run the test from the command line, simply run the test from the exercise directory. For example, if the test suite is called `hello-world-test.rkt`, you can run the following command:
+
+```
+raco test hello-world-test.rkt
+```
+
+which will display the following:
+
+```
+raco test: (submod "hello-world-test.rkt" test)
+2 success(es) 0 failure(s) 0 error(s) 2 test(s) run
+0
+2 tests passed
+```
+
+## Source
+
+JavaRanch Cattle Drive, exercise 6 [http://www.javaranch.com/grains.jsp](http://www.javaranch.com/grains.jsp)
+
+## Submitting Incomplete Solutions
+It's possible to submit an incomplete solution so you can see how others have completed the exercise.

data/tracks/racket/exercises/grep/README.md

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+# Grep
+
+Search a file for lines matching a regular expression pattern. Return the line
+number and contents of each matching line.
+
+The Unix [`grep`](http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/grep.html) command can be used to search for lines in one or more files 
+that match a user-provided search query (known as the *pattern*).
+
+The `grep` command takes three arguments:
+
+1. The pattern used to match lines in a file. 
+2. Zero or more flags to customize the matching behavior.
+3. One or more files in which to search for matching lines. 
+
+Your task is to implement the `grep` function, which should read the contents
+of the specified files, find the lines that match the specified pattern
+and then output those lines as a single string. Note that the lines should
+be output in the order in which they were found, with the first matching line
+in the first file being output first.
+
+As an example, suppose there is a file named "input.txt" with the following contents:
+
+<pre>
+hello
+world
+hello again
+</pre>
+
+If we were to call `grep "hello" input.txt`, the returned string should be:
+
+<pre>
+hello
+hello again
+</pre>
+
+### Flags
+
+As said earlier, the `grep` command should also support the following flags:
+
+- `-n` Print the line numbers of each matching line.
+- `-l` Print only the names of files that contain at least one matching line.
+- `-i` Match line using a case-insensitive comparison.
+- `-v` Invert the program -- collect all lines that fail to match the pattern.
+- `-x` Only match entire lines, instead of lines that contain a match.
+
+If we run `grep -n "hello" input.txt`, the `-n` flag will require the matching
+lines to be prefixed with its line number:
+
+<pre>
+1:hello
+3:hello again
+</pre>
+
+And if we run `grep -i "HELLO" input.txt`, we'll do a case-insensitive match, 
+and the output will be:
+
+<pre>
+hello
+hello again
+</pre>
+
+The `grep` command should support multiple flags at once.
+
+For example, running `grep -l -v "hello" file1.txt file2.txt` should
+print the names of files that do not contain the string "hello".
+
+* * * *
+
+For installation and learning resources, refer to the
+[exercism Racket page](http://exercism.io/languages/racket).
+
+You can run the provided tests through DrRacket, or via the command line.
+
+To run the test through DrRacket, simply open the test file and click the 'Run' button in the upper right.
+
+To run the test from the command line, simply run the test from the exercise directory. For example, if the test suite is called `hello-world-test.rkt`, you can run the following command:
+
+```
+raco test hello-world-test.rkt
+```
+
+which will display the following:
+
+```
+raco test: (submod "hello-world-test.rkt" test)
+2 success(es) 0 failure(s) 0 error(s) 2 test(s) run
+0
+2 tests passed
+```
+
+## Source
+
+Conversation with Nate Foster. [http://www.cs.cornell.edu/Courses/cs3110/2014sp/hw/0/ps0.pdf](http://www.cs.cornell.edu/Courses/cs3110/2014sp/hw/0/ps0.pdf)
+
+## Submitting Incomplete Solutions
+It's possible to submit an incomplete solution so you can see how others have completed the exercise.

data/tracks/racket/exercises/hamming/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+# Hamming
+
+Calculate the Hamming difference between two DNA strands.
+
+A mutation is simply a mistake that occurs during the creation or
+copying of a nucleic acid, in particular DNA. Because nucleic acids are
+vital to cellular functions, mutations tend to cause a ripple effect
+throughout the cell. Although mutations are technically mistakes, a very
+rare mutation may equip the cell with a beneficial attribute. In fact,
+the macro effects of evolution are attributable by the accumulated
+result of beneficial microscopic mutations over many generations.
+
+The simplest and most common type of nucleic acid mutation is a point
+mutation, which replaces one base with another at a single nucleotide.
+
+By counting the number of differences between two homologous DNA strands
+taken from different genomes with a common ancestor, we get a measure of
+the minimum number of point mutations that could have occurred on the
+evolutionary path between the two strands.
+
+This is called the 'Hamming distance'.
+
+It is found by comparing two DNA strands and counting how many of the
+nucleotides are different from their equivalent in the other string.
+
+    GAGCCTACTAACGGGAT
+    CATCGTAATGACGGCCT
+    ^ ^ ^  ^ ^    ^^
+
+The Hamming distance between these two DNA strands is 7.
+
+# Implementation notes
+
+The Hamming distance is only defined for sequences of equal length. This means
+that based on the definition, each language could deal with getting sequences
+of equal length differently.
+
+* * * *
+
+For installation and learning resources, refer to the
+[exercism Racket page](http://exercism.io/languages/racket).
+
+You can run the provided tests through DrRacket, or via the command line.
+
+To run the test through DrRacket, simply open the test file and click the 'Run' button in the upper right.
+
+To run the test from the command line, simply run the test from the exercise directory. For example, if the test suite is called `hello-world-test.rkt`, you can run the following command:
+
+```
+raco test hello-world-test.rkt
+```
+
+which will display the following:
+
+```
+raco test: (submod "hello-world-test.rkt" test)
+2 success(es) 0 failure(s) 0 error(s) 2 test(s) run
+0
+2 tests passed
+```
+
+## Source
+
+The Calculating Point Mutations problem at Rosalind [http://rosalind.info/problems/hamm/](http://rosalind.info/problems/hamm/)
+
+## Submitting Incomplete Solutions
+It's possible to submit an incomplete solution so you can see how others have completed the exercise.

data/tracks/racket/exercises/hello-world/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+# Hello World
+
+The classical introductory exercise. Just say "Hello, World!".
+
+["Hello, World!"](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%22Hello,_world!%22_program) is
+the traditional first program for beginning programming in a new language
+or environment.
+
+The objectives are simple:
+
+- Write a function that returns the string "Hello, World!".
+- Run the test suite and make sure that it succeeds.
+- Submit your solution and check it at the website.
+
+If everything goes well, you will be ready to fetch your first real exercise.
+
+* * * *
+
+For installation and learning resources, refer to the
+[exercism Racket page](http://exercism.io/languages/racket).
+
+You can run the provided tests through DrRacket, or via the command line.
+
+To run the test through DrRacket, simply open the test file and click the 'Run' button in the upper right.
+
+To run the test from the command line, simply run the test from the exercise directory. For example, if the test suite is called `hello-world-test.rkt`, you can run the following command:
+
+```
+raco test hello-world-test.rkt
+```
+
+which will display the following:
+
+```
+raco test: (submod "hello-world-test.rkt" test)
+2 success(es) 0 failure(s) 0 error(s) 2 test(s) run
+0
+2 tests passed
+```
+
+## Source
+
+This is an exercise to introduce users to using Exercism [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%22Hello,_world!%22_program](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%22Hello,_world!%22_program)
+
+## Submitting Incomplete Solutions
+It's possible to submit an incomplete solution so you can see how others have completed the exercise.

data/tracks/racket/exercises/leap/README.md

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+# Leap
+
+Given a year, report if it is a leap year.
+
+The tricky thing here is that a leap year in the Gregorian calendar occurs:
+
+```plain
+on every year that is evenly divisible by 4
+  except every year that is evenly divisible by 100
+    unless the year is also evenly divisible by 400
+```
+
+For example, 1997 is not a leap year, but 1996 is.  1900 is not a leap
+year, but 2000 is.
+
+If your language provides a method in the standard library that does
+this look-up, pretend it doesn't exist and implement it yourself.
+
+## Notes
+
+Though our exercise adopts some very simple rules, there is more to
+learn!
+
+For a delightful, four minute explanation of the whole leap year
+phenomenon, go watch [this youtube video][video].
+
+[video]: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xX96xng7sAE
+
+* * * *
+
+For installation and learning resources, refer to the
+[exercism Racket page](http://exercism.io/languages/racket).
+
+You can run the provided tests through DrRacket, or via the command line.
+
+To run the test through DrRacket, simply open the test file and click the 'Run' button in the upper right.
+
+To run the test from the command line, simply run the test from the exercise directory. For example, if the test suite is called `hello-world-test.rkt`, you can run the following command:
+
+```
+raco test hello-world-test.rkt
+```
+
+which will display the following:
+
+```
+raco test: (submod "hello-world-test.rkt" test)
+2 success(es) 0 failure(s) 0 error(s) 2 test(s) run
+0
+2 tests passed
+```
+
+## Source
+
+JavaRanch Cattle Drive, exercise 3 [http://www.javaranch.com/leap.jsp](http://www.javaranch.com/leap.jsp)
+
+## Submitting Incomplete Solutions
+It's possible to submit an incomplete solution so you can see how others have completed the exercise.

data/tracks/racket/exercises/list-ops/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+# List Ops
+
+Implement basic list operations.
+
+In functional languages list operations like `length`, `map`, and
+`reduce` are very common. Implement a series of basic list operations,
+without using existing functions.
+
+* * * *
+
+For installation and learning resources, refer to the
+[exercism Racket page](http://exercism.io/languages/racket).
+
+You can run the provided tests through DrRacket, or via the command line.
+
+To run the test through DrRacket, simply open the test file and click the 'Run' button in the upper right.
+
+To run the test from the command line, simply run the test from the exercise directory. For example, if the test suite is called `hello-world-test.rkt`, you can run the following command:
+
+```
+raco test hello-world-test.rkt
+```
+
+which will display the following:
+
+```
+raco test: (submod "hello-world-test.rkt" test)
+2 success(es) 0 failure(s) 0 error(s) 2 test(s) run
+0
+2 tests passed
+```
+
+
+## Submitting Incomplete Solutions
+It's possible to submit an incomplete solution so you can see how others have completed the exercise.

data/tracks/racket/exercises/nucleotide-count/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+# Nucleotide Count
+
+Given a DNA string, compute how many times each nucleotide occurs in the string.
+
+DNA is represented by an alphabet of the following symbols: 'A', 'C',
+'G', and 'T'.
+
+Each symbol represents a nucleotide, which is a fancy name for the
+particular molecules that happen to make up a large part of DNA.
+
+Shortest intro to biochemistry EVAR:
+
+- twigs are to birds nests as
+- nucleotides are to DNA and RNA as
+- amino acids are to proteins as
+- sugar is to starch as
+- oh crap lipids
+
+I'm not going to talk about lipids because they're crazy complex.
+
+So back to nucleotides.
+
+DNA contains four types of them: adenine (`A`), cytosine (`C`), guanine
+(`G`), and thymine (`T`).
+
+RNA contains a slightly different set of nucleotides, but we don't care
+about that for now.
+
+* * * *
+
+For installation and learning resources, refer to the
+[exercism Racket page](http://exercism.io/languages/racket).
+
+You can run the provided tests through DrRacket, or via the command line.
+
+To run the test through DrRacket, simply open the test file and click the 'Run' button in the upper right.
+
+To run the test from the command line, simply run the test from the exercise directory. For example, if the test suite is called `hello-world-test.rkt`, you can run the following command:
+
+```
+raco test hello-world-test.rkt
+```
+
+which will display the following:
+
+```
+raco test: (submod "hello-world-test.rkt" test)
+2 success(es) 0 failure(s) 0 error(s) 2 test(s) run
+0
+2 tests passed
+```
+
+## Source
+
+The Calculating DNA Nucleotides_problem at Rosalind [http://rosalind.info/problems/dna/](http://rosalind.info/problems/dna/)
+
+## Submitting Incomplete Solutions
+It's possible to submit an incomplete solution so you can see how others have completed the exercise.

data/tracks/racket/exercises/perfect-numbers/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+# Perfect Numbers
+
+Determine if a number is perfect, abundant, or deficient based on
+Nicomachus' (60 - 120 CE) classification scheme for natural numbers.
+
+The Greek mathematician [Nicomachus](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicomachus) devised a classification scheme for natural numbers, identifying each as belonging uniquely to the categories of **perfect**, **abundant**, or **deficient** based on their [aliquot sum](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aliquot_sum). The aliquot sum is defined as the sum of the factors of a number not including the number itself. For example, the aliquot sum of 15 is (1 + 3 + 5) = 9
+
+- **Perfect**: aliquot sum = number 
+  - 6 is a perfect number because (1 + 2 + 3) = 6
+  - 28 is a perfect number because (1 + 2 + 4 + 7 + 14) = 28
+- **Abundant**: aliquot sum > number
+  - 12 is an abundant number because (1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 6) = 16
+  - 24 is an abundant number because (1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 6 + 8 + 12) = 36
+- **Deficient**: aliquot sum < number
+  - 8 is a deficient number because (1 + 2 + 4) = 7
+  - Prime numbers are deficient
+  
+Implement a way to determine whether a given number is **perfect**. Depending on your language track, you may also need to implement a way to determine whether a given number is **abundant** or **deficient**.
+
+* * * *
+
+For installation and learning resources, refer to the
+[exercism Racket page](http://exercism.io/languages/racket).
+
+You can run the provided tests through DrRacket, or via the command line.
+
+To run the test through DrRacket, simply open the test file and click the 'Run' button in the upper right.
+
+To run the test from the command line, simply run the test from the exercise directory. For example, if the test suite is called `hello-world-test.rkt`, you can run the following command:
+
+```
+raco test hello-world-test.rkt
+```
+
+which will display the following:
+
+```
+raco test: (submod "hello-world-test.rkt" test)
+2 success(es) 0 failure(s) 0 error(s) 2 test(s) run
+0
+2 tests passed
+```
+
+## Source
+
+Taken from Chapter 2 of Functional Thinking by Neal Ford. [http://shop.oreilly.com/product/0636920029687.do](http://shop.oreilly.com/product/0636920029687.do)
+
+## Submitting Incomplete Solutions
+It's possible to submit an incomplete solution so you can see how others have completed the exercise.

data/tracks/racket/exercises/phone-number/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+# Phone Number
+
+Clean up user-entered phone numbers so that they can be sent SMS messages.
+
+The **North American Numbering Plan (NANP)** is a telephone numbering system used by many countries in North America like the United States, Canada or Bermuda. All NANP-countries share the same international country code: `1`.
+
+NANP numbers are ten-digit numbers consisting of a three-digit Numbering Plan Area code, commonly known as *area code*, followed by a seven-digit local number. The first three digits of the local number represent the *exchange code*, followed by the unique four-digit number which is the *subscriber number*.
+
+
+The format is usually represented as
+```
+(NXX)-NXX-XXXX
+```
+where `N` is any digit from 2 through 9 and `X` is any digit from 0 through 9.
+
+Your task is to clean up differently formated telephone numbers by removing punctuation and the country code (1) if present.
+
+For example, the inputs
+- `+1 (613)-995-0253`
+- `613-995-0253`
+- `1 613 995 0253`
+- `613.995.0253`
+
+should all produce the output
+
+`6139950253`
+
+**Note:** As this exercise only deals with telephone numbers used in NANP-countries, only 1 is considered a valid country code.
+
+* * * *
+
+For installation and learning resources, refer to the
+[exercism Racket page](http://exercism.io/languages/racket).
+
+You can run the provided tests through DrRacket, or via the command line.
+
+To run the test through DrRacket, simply open the test file and click the 'Run' button in the upper right.
+
+To run the test from the command line, simply run the test from the exercise directory. For example, if the test suite is called `hello-world-test.rkt`, you can run the following command:
+
+```
+raco test hello-world-test.rkt
+```
+
+which will display the following:
+
+```
+raco test: (submod "hello-world-test.rkt" test)
+2 success(es) 0 failure(s) 0 error(s) 2 test(s) run
+0
+2 tests passed
+```
+
+## Source
+
+Event Manager by JumpstartLab [http://tutorials.jumpstartlab.com/projects/eventmanager.html](http://tutorials.jumpstartlab.com/projects/eventmanager.html)
+
+## Submitting Incomplete Solutions
+It's possible to submit an incomplete solution so you can see how others have completed the exercise.

data/tracks/racket/exercises/raindrops/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+# Raindrops
+
+Convert a number to a string, the contents of which depend on the number's factors.
+
+- If the number has 3 as a factor, output 'Pling'.
+- If the number has 5 as a factor, output 'Plang'.
+- If the number has 7 as a factor, output 'Plong'.
+- If the number does not have 3, 5, or 7 as a factor,
+  just pass the number's digits straight through.
+
+## Examples
+
+- 28's factors are 1, 2, 4, **7**, 14, 28.
+  - In raindrop-speak, this would be a simple "Plong".
+- 30's factors are 1, 2, **3**, **5**, 6, 10, 15, 30.
+  - In raindrop-speak, this would be a "PlingPlang".
+- 34 has four factors: 1, 2, 17, and 34.
+  - In raindrop-speak, this would be "34".
+
+* * * *
+
+For installation and learning resources, refer to the
+[exercism Racket page](http://exercism.io/languages/racket).
+
+You can run the provided tests through DrRacket, or via the command line.
+
+To run the test through DrRacket, simply open the test file and click the 'Run' button in the upper right.
+
+To run the test from the command line, simply run the test from the exercise directory. For example, if the test suite is called `hello-world-test.rkt`, you can run the following command:
+
+```
+raco test hello-world-test.rkt
+```
+
+which will display the following:
+
+```
+raco test: (submod "hello-world-test.rkt" test)
+2 success(es) 0 failure(s) 0 error(s) 2 test(s) run
+0
+2 tests passed
+```
+
+## Source
+
+A variation on a famous interview question intended to weed out potential candidates. [http://jumpstartlab.com](http://jumpstartlab.com)
+
+## Submitting Incomplete Solutions
+It's possible to submit an incomplete solution so you can see how others have completed the exercise.

data/tracks/racket/exercises/rna-transcription/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+# Rna Transcription
+
+Given a DNA strand, return its RNA complement (per RNA transcription).
+
+Both DNA and RNA strands are a sequence of nucleotides.
+
+The four nucleotides found in DNA are adenine (**A**), cytosine (**C**),
+guanine (**G**) and thymine (**T**).
+
+The four nucleotides found in RNA are adenine (**A**), cytosine (**C**),
+guanine (**G**) and uracil (**U**).
+
+Given a DNA strand, its transcribed RNA strand is formed by replacing
+each nucleotide with its complement:
+
+* `G` -> `C`
+* `C` -> `G`
+* `T` -> `A`
+* `A` -> `U`
+
+* * * *
+
+For installation and learning resources, refer to the
+[exercism Racket page](http://exercism.io/languages/racket).
+
+You can run the provided tests through DrRacket, or via the command line.
+
+To run the test through DrRacket, simply open the test file and click the 'Run' button in the upper right.
+
+To run the test from the command line, simply run the test from the exercise directory. For example, if the test suite is called `hello-world-test.rkt`, you can run the following command:
+
+```
+raco test hello-world-test.rkt
+```
+
+which will display the following:
+
+```
+raco test: (submod "hello-world-test.rkt" test)
+2 success(es) 0 failure(s) 0 error(s) 2 test(s) run
+0
+2 tests passed
+```
+
+## Source
+
+Rosalind [http://rosalind.info/problems/rna](http://rosalind.info/problems/rna)
+
+## Submitting Incomplete Solutions
+It's possible to submit an incomplete solution so you can see how others have completed the exercise.