texplay 0.4.3 → 0.4.4.pre

data/ext/texplay/texplay.h

@@ -1,153 +1,153 @@
-/* texplay.h (C) John Mair 2008 
- * This program is distributed under the terms of the MIT License
- *   
- *            
- *                                                   */
-
-#ifndef GUARD_TEXPLAY_H
-#define GUARD_TEXPLAY_H
-
-#include <ruby.h>
-
-/* #defines */
-#define OOB_VAL 9999
-#define XMAX_OOB OOB_VAL
-#define YMAX_OOB OOB_VAL
-#define XMIN_OOB -OOB_VAL
-#define YMIN_OOB -OOB_VAL
-#define RGBA_LIST_SIZE 100
-#define PI 3.14159265358979
-
-/* macros */
-#define SWAP(X, Y)  {(X) ^= (Y); (Y) ^= (X); (X) ^= (Y);} 
-#define ROUND(X) (int)((X) + 0.5)
-#define ARY_SIZE(X) sizeof(X) / sizeof(*X)
-#define SGN(X) ((X) >= 0 ? 1 : -1)
-#define MAX(X, Y) ((X) > (Y)) ? (X) :(Y)
-#define MIN(X, Y) ((X) < (Y)) ? (X) : (Y)
-#define ABS(X) ((X) >= 0 ? (X) : -(X))
-
-/* enums */
-typedef enum e_bool {
-  false, true
-} bool;
-
-typedef enum e_color {
-  red, green, blue, alpha
-} color_t;
-
-typedef enum e_sync_mode {
-  lazy_sync, eager_sync, no_sync
-} sync;
-
-
-typedef enum {
-  clear, copy, noop,
-  set, copy_inverted,
-  invert, and_reverse, and,
-  or, nand, nor, xor,
-  equiv, and_inverted,
-  or_inverted, additive,
-  multiply, screen, overlay,
-  darken, lighten, color_dodge,
-  color_burn, hard_light, soft_light,
-  difference, exclusion
-} draw_mode;
-
-typedef enum {
-  source, dest, source_with_fixed_alpha, dest_with_fixed_alpha
-} alpha_blend_mode_t;
-
-/* structs */
-typedef struct s_rgba {
-  float red, green, blue, alpha;
-} rgba;
-
-typedef struct {
-  rgba colors[RGBA_LIST_SIZE];
-  int size;
-} rgba_list;  
-
-
-/* stores image data */
-typedef struct {
-  int width, height;    
-  float top, left;    
-  int tname;
-  float * td_array;
-  int yincr, firstpixel;
-  int x_offset, y_offset;
-  VALUE image;
-} texture_info;
-
-
-/* convenience macro */
-#define IMAGE_BOUNDS(X) ((image_bounds *) (X))
-typedef struct {
-  int xmin;
-  int ymin;
-  int xmax;
-  int ymax;
-} image_bounds;
-
-
-typedef struct action_struct {
-  int xmin, ymin, xmax, ymax;
-  sync sync_mode;
-
-  /* pointer to associated texture */
-  /* a bit of a kludge having this here
-     since it's only being used by convert_image_local_color_to_rgba */
-  texture_info * tex;
-    
-  VALUE hash_arg;
-
-  /* action color */
-  rgba color;
-
-  /* pen data */
-  struct {
-
-    /* color control, dynamic */
-    bool has_color_control_proc;
-    VALUE color_control_proc;
-    int color_control_arity;
-
-    /* color control, static */
-    bool has_color_control_transform;
-    rgba color_mult;
-    rgba color_add;
-
-    /* texture fill */
-    bool has_source_texture;
-    texture_info source_tex;
-
-    /* lerp */
-    bool has_lerp;
-    float lerp;
-
-    /* alpha blend */
-    bool alpha_blend;
-    alpha_blend_mode_t alpha_blend_mode;
-      
-    /* drawing mode */
-    bool has_drawing_mode;
-    draw_mode drawing_mode;
-
-    /* tolerance */
-    bool has_tolerance;
-    float tolerance;
-
-    /* color selection */
-    bool has_color_select;
-    rgba_list source_select;
-    rgba_list source_ignore;
-    rgba_list dest_select;
-    rgba_list dest_ignore;
-      
-  } pen;
-
-} action_struct;
-
-
-#endif
+/* texplay.h (C) John Mair 2008
+ * This program is distributed under the terms of the MIT License
+ *
+ *
+ *                                                   */
+
+#ifndef GUARD_TEXPLAY_H
+#define GUARD_TEXPLAY_H
+
+#include <ruby.h>
+
+/* #defines */
+#define OOB_VAL 9999
+#define XMAX_OOB OOB_VAL
+#define YMAX_OOB OOB_VAL
+#define XMIN_OOB -OOB_VAL
+#define YMIN_OOB -OOB_VAL
+#define RGBA_LIST_SIZE 100
+#define PI 3.14159265358979
+
+/* macros */
+#define SWAP(X, Y)  {(X) ^= (Y); (Y) ^= (X); (X) ^= (Y);}
+#define ROUND(X) (int)((X) + 0.5)
+#define ARY_SIZE(X) sizeof(X) / sizeof(*X)
+#define SGN(X) ((X) >= 0 ? 1 : -1)
+#define MAX(X, Y) ((X) > (Y)) ? (X) :(Y)
+#define MIN(X, Y) ((X) < (Y)) ? (X) : (Y)
+#define ABS(X) ((X) >= 0 ? (X) : -(X))
+
+/* enums */
+typedef enum e_bool {
+  false, true
+} bool;
+
+typedef enum e_color {
+  red, green, blue, alpha
+} color_t;
+
+typedef enum e_sync_mode {
+  lazy_sync, eager_sync, no_sync
+} sync_;
+
+
+typedef enum {
+  clear, copy, noop,
+  set, copy_inverted,
+  invert, and_reverse, and,
+  or, nand, nor, xor,
+  equiv, and_inverted,
+  or_inverted, additive,
+  multiply, screen, overlay,
+  darken, lighten, color_dodge,
+  color_burn, hard_light, soft_light,
+  difference, exclusion
+} draw_mode;
+
+typedef enum {
+  source, dest, source_with_fixed_alpha, dest_with_fixed_alpha
+} alpha_blend_mode_t;
+
+/* structs */
+typedef struct s_rgba {
+  float red, green, blue, alpha;
+} rgba;
+
+typedef struct {
+  rgba colors[RGBA_LIST_SIZE];
+  int size;
+} rgba_list;
+
+
+/* stores image data */
+typedef struct {
+  int width, height;
+  float top, left;
+  int tname;
+  float * td_array;
+  int yincr, firstpixel;
+  int x_offset, y_offset;
+  VALUE image;
+} texture_info;
+
+
+/* convenience macro */
+#define IMAGE_BOUNDS(X) ((image_bounds *) (X))
+typedef struct {
+  int xmin;
+  int ymin;
+  int xmax;
+  int ymax;
+} image_bounds;
+
+
+typedef struct action_struct {
+  int xmin, ymin, xmax, ymax;
+  sync_ sync_mode;
+
+  /* pointer to associated texture */
+  /* a bit of a kludge having this here
+     since it's only being used by convert_image_local_color_to_rgba */
+  texture_info * tex;
+
+  VALUE hash_arg;
+
+  /* action color */
+  rgba color;
+
+  /* pen data */
+  struct {
+
+    /* color control, dynamic */
+    bool has_color_control_proc;
+    VALUE color_control_proc;
+    int color_control_arity;
+
+    /* color control, static */
+    bool has_color_control_transform;
+    rgba color_mult;
+    rgba color_add;
+
+    /* texture fill */
+    bool has_source_texture;
+    texture_info source_tex;
+
+    /* lerp */
+    bool has_lerp;
+    float lerp;
+
+    /* alpha blend */
+    bool alpha_blend;
+    alpha_blend_mode_t alpha_blend_mode;
+
+    /* drawing mode */
+    bool has_drawing_mode;
+    draw_mode drawing_mode;
+
+    /* tolerance */
+    bool has_tolerance;
+    float tolerance;
+
+    /* color selection */
+    bool has_color_select;
+    rgba_list source_select;
+    rgba_list source_ignore;
+    rgba_list dest_select;
+    rgba_list dest_ignore;
+
+  } pen;
+
+} action_struct;
+
+
+#endif

data/ext/texplay/utils.c

@@ -1,891 +1,896 @@
-/* utils.c */
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <string.h>
-#include <ctype.h>
-#include <ruby.h>
-#include <stdarg.h>
-#include <assert.h>
-#include <stdlib.h>
-#include <math.h>
-#include "cache.h"
-#include "texplay.h"
-#include "utils.h"
-
-#ifdef __APPLE__
-#include <glut.h>
-#else
-#include <GL/glut.h>
-#endif
-
-/*
-  #define MULT_FLOAT4(X, Y) ({                            \
-  asm volatile (                              \
-  "movups (%0), %%xmm0\n\t"     \
-  "mulps  (%1), %%xmm0\n\t"     \
-  "movups %%xmm0, (%1)"         \
-  :: "r" (X), "r" (Y)); })
-
-  #define COPY_FLOAT4(X, Y) ({                            \
-  asm volatile (                              \
-  "movups (%0), %%xmm0\n\t"     \
-  "movups %%xmm0, (%1)"         \
-  :: "r" (X), "r" (Y)); })
-
-*/
-/* external linkage with static duration */
-const rgba not_a_color_v = { -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0 };
-
-/* utility functions */
-char*
-lowercase(char * string) 
-{
-  int  i = 0;
-
-  while (string[i]) {
-    string[i] = tolower(string[i]);
-    i++;
-  }
-    
-  return string;
-}
-
-char*
-sym2string(VALUE sym) 
-{
-  return rb_id2name(SYM2ID(sym));
-}
-
-VALUE
-string2sym(char * string) 
-{
-  return ID2SYM(rb_intern(string));
-}
-
-bool
-is_a_hash(VALUE try_hash)
-{
-  return TYPE(try_hash) == T_HASH;
-}
-
-bool
-is_an_array(VALUE try_array)
-{
-  return TYPE(try_array) == T_ARRAY;
-}
-
-bool is_a_num(VALUE try_num)
-{
-  return TYPE(try_num) == T_FIXNUM || TYPE(try_num) == T_FLOAT;
-}
-
-VALUE
-get_from_hash(VALUE hash, char * sym) 
-{
-
-  if(TYPE(hash) != T_HASH) rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "hash argument expected");
-    
-  return rb_hash_aref(hash, string2sym(sym));
-}
-
-VALUE
-set_hash_value(VALUE hash, char * sym, VALUE val)
-{
-  if(TYPE(hash) != T_HASH) rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "hash argument expected");
-    
-  rb_hash_aset(hash, string2sym(sym), val);
-
-  return val;
-}
-
-VALUE
-delete_from_hash(VALUE hash, char * sym)
-{
-  if(TYPE(hash) != T_HASH) rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "hash argument expected");
-    
-  return rb_hash_delete(hash, string2sym(sym));
-}
-
-/* returns true if 'hash' is a hash and the value mapped to key 'sym' is
-   equal to 'val' */
-bool
-hash_value_is(VALUE hash, char * sym, VALUE val)
-{
-  if(TYPE(hash) != T_HASH) return false;
-
-  if(get_from_hash(hash, sym) == val)
-    return true;
-
-  return false;
-}
-    
-bool
-has_optional_hash_arg(VALUE hash, char * sym) 
-{
-  if(TYPE(hash) != T_HASH) return false;
-
-  if(NIL_P(get_from_hash(hash, sym)))
-    return false;
-
-  /* 'hash' is a hash and the sym exists */
-  return true;
-}
-
-VALUE
-set_array_value(VALUE array, int index, VALUE val)
-{
-  if(TYPE(array) != T_ARRAY) rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "array argument expected");
-
-  rb_ary_store(array, index, val);
-
-  return val;
-}
-    
-VALUE
-get_from_array(VALUE array, int index) 
-{
-
-  if(TYPE(array) != T_ARRAY) rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "array argument expected");
-    
-  return rb_ary_entry(array, index);
-}
-
-
-VALUE
-init_image_local(VALUE image)
-{
-  VALUE image_local;
-    
-  if(!is_gosu_image(image))
-    rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "not a valid image");
-    
-  /* initialize image_local hash if does not exist */
-  if(!is_an_array(rb_iv_get(image, "__image_local__"))) {
-    image_local = rb_ary_new();
-    rb_iv_set(image, "__image_local__", image_local);
-  }
-
-  image_local = rb_iv_get(image, "__image_local__");
-
-  return image_local;
-}   
-     
-void
-set_image_local(VALUE image, int name, VALUE val)
-{
-  VALUE image_local;
-    
-  image_local = init_image_local(image);
-
-  set_array_value(image_local, name, val);
-}
-
-VALUE
-get_image_local(VALUE image, int name)
-{
-  VALUE image_local;
-  VALUE val;
-
-  init_image_local(image);
-
-  /* this var holds all the image local variables in an array */
-  image_local = rb_iv_get(image, "__image_local__");
-
-  /* a particular image_local variable */
-  val = get_from_array(image_local, name);
-    
-  /* if the variable exists then return it */
-  if(!NIL_P(val))
-    return val;
-
-  /* otherwise initialize the variable and then return it */
-  else {
-    switch(name) {
-      VALUE init_offset, init_bounds, init_color, init_defaults;
-    case DRAW_OFFSET:
-      init_offset = rb_ary_new2(2);
-      set_array_value(init_offset, 0, INT2FIX(0));
-      set_array_value(init_offset, 1, INT2FIX(0));
-
-      set_array_value(image_local, DRAW_OFFSET, init_offset);
-
-      return init_offset;
-      break;
-    case LAZY_BOUNDS:
-      init_bounds = rb_ary_new2(4);
-      set_array_value(init_bounds, 0, INT2FIX(XMAX_OOB));
-      set_array_value(init_bounds, 1, INT2FIX(YMAX_OOB));
-      set_array_value(init_bounds, 2, INT2FIX(XMIN_OOB));
-      set_array_value(init_bounds, 3, INT2FIX(YMIN_OOB));
-
-      set_array_value(image_local, LAZY_BOUNDS, init_bounds);
-
-      return init_bounds;
-      break;
-    case IMAGE_COLOR:
-      init_color = rb_ary_new2(4);
-      set_array_value(init_color, 0, rb_float_new(1.0));
-      set_array_value(init_color, 1, rb_float_new(1.0));
-      set_array_value(init_color, 2, rb_float_new(1.0));
-      set_array_value(init_color, 3, rb_float_new(1.0));
-
-      set_array_value(image_local, IMAGE_COLOR, init_color);
-
-      return init_color;
-      break;
-    case USER_DEFAULTS:
-      init_defaults = rb_hash_new();
-
-      set_array_value(image_local, USER_DEFAULTS, init_defaults);
-
-      return init_defaults;
-      break;
-    default:
-      rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "unrecognized image_local variable number. got %d", name);
-    }
-  }
-    
-  /* never reached */
-  return Qnil;
-}
-
-rgba
-convert_image_local_color_to_rgba(VALUE image)
-{
-  rgba color;
-  VALUE image_local_color = get_image_local(image, IMAGE_COLOR);
-
-  color.red = NUM2DBL(get_from_array(image_local_color, red)); 
-  color.green = NUM2DBL(get_from_array(image_local_color, green)); 
-  color.blue = NUM2DBL(get_from_array(image_local_color, blue)); 
-  color.alpha = NUM2DBL(get_from_array(image_local_color, alpha)); 
-    
-  return color;
-}
-
-VALUE
-save_rgba_to_image_local_color(VALUE image, rgba color)
-{
-  /* abbreviation for image_local_color */
-  VALUE ilc = get_image_local(image, IMAGE_COLOR);
-
-  set_array_value(ilc, 0, rb_float_new(color.red));
-  set_array_value(ilc, 1, rb_float_new(color.green));
-  set_array_value(ilc, 2, rb_float_new(color.blue));
-  set_array_value(ilc, 3, rb_float_new(color.alpha));
-
-  return ilc;
-}
-
-bool
-not_a_color(rgba color1) 
-{
-  return color1.red == -1 || color1.green == -1 ||
-    color1.blue == -1 || color1.alpha == -1;
-}
-
-bool
-is_a_color(rgba color1)
-{
-  return !not_a_color(color1);
-}
-
-bool
-is_rb_raw_color(VALUE cval)
-{
-  return TYPE(cval) == T_ARRAY &&
-    is_a_num(get_from_array(cval, 0)) &&
-    is_a_num(get_from_array(cval, 1)) &&
-    is_a_num(get_from_array(cval, 2)) &&
-    is_a_num(get_from_array(cval, 3));
-}
-
-bool
-not_rb_raw_color(VALUE cval)
-{
-  return TYPE(cval) != T_ARRAY ||
-    !is_a_num(get_from_array(cval, 0));
-}
-
-/** cmp_color related functions **/
-static bool
-is_transparent_color(rgba color1)
-{
-  return color1.red == -666 && color1.green == -666 && color1.blue == -666 &&
-    color1.alpha == -666;
-}
-
-static bool
-special_cmp_color(rgba color1, rgba color2)
-{
-  if (is_transparent_color(color1))
-    return color2.alpha == 0;
-  else if (is_transparent_color(color2))
-    return color1.alpha == 0;
-  else
-    return false;
-}
-
-static bool
-special_cmp_color_with_tolerance(rgba color1, rgba color2, float tolerance)
-{
-  if (is_transparent_color(color1))
-    return (color2.alpha) <= tolerance;
-  else if (is_transparent_color(color2))
-    return color1.alpha <= tolerance;
-  else
-    return false;
-}
-
-
-static float
-color_distance_squared(rgba c1, rgba c2)
-{
-  return (c1.red - c2.red) * (c1.red - c2.red) +
-    (c1.green - c2.green) * (c1.green - c2.green) +
-    (c1.blue - c2.blue) * (c1.blue - c2.blue) +
-    (c1.alpha - c2.alpha) * (c1.alpha - c2.alpha);
-}
-      
-
-bool
-cmp_color_with_tolerance(rgba color1, rgba color2, float tolerance)
-{
-  if (color1.red < 0 || color2.red < 0)
-    return special_cmp_color_with_tolerance(color1, color2, tolerance);
-  
-  return color_distance_squared(color1, color2) <= (tolerance * tolerance);
-}
-
-bool
-cmp_color(rgba color1, rgba color2) 
-{
-  if (color1.red < 0 || color2.red < 0)
-    return special_cmp_color(color1, color2);
-    
-  return (color1.red == color2.red) && (color1.green == color2.green) && (color1.blue == color2.blue)
-    && (color1.alpha == color2.alpha);
-}
-        
-
-/*** these functions are UNSAFE ***/
-void
-color_copy(float * source, float * dest) 
-{
-  //COPY_FLOAT4(source, dest);
-  memcpy(dest, source, 4 * sizeof(float));
-}
-
-void
-zero_color(float * tex) 
-{
-  memset(tex, 0, 4 * sizeof(float));
-}
-/***                           ***/
-
-rgba
-find_color_from_string(char * try_color) 
-{
-  rgba cur_color;
-
-  if(!strcmp("red", try_color)) {
-    cur_color.red = 1.0; cur_color.green = 0.0; cur_color.blue = 0.0; cur_color.alpha = 1.0;
-  }
-  else if(!strcmp("green", try_color)) {
-    cur_color.red = 0.0; cur_color.green = 1.0; cur_color.blue = 0.0; cur_color.alpha = 1.0;
-  }
-  else if(!strcmp("blue", try_color)) {
-    cur_color.red = 0.0; cur_color.green = 0.0; cur_color.blue = 1.0; cur_color.alpha = 1.0;
-  }
-  else if(!strcmp("black", try_color)) {
-    cur_color.red = 0.0; cur_color.green = 0.0; cur_color.blue = 0.0; cur_color.alpha = 1.0;
-  }
-  else if(!strcmp("white", try_color)) {
-    cur_color.red = 1.0; cur_color.green = 1.0; cur_color.blue = 1.0; cur_color.alpha = 1.0;
-  }
-  else if(!strcmp("purple", try_color)) {
-    cur_color.red = 1.0; cur_color.green = 0.0; cur_color.blue = 1.0; cur_color.alpha = 1.0;
-  }
-  else if(!strcmp("yellow", try_color)) {
-    cur_color.red = 1.0; cur_color.green = 1.0; cur_color.blue = 0.0; cur_color.alpha = 1.0;
-  }
-  else if(!strcmp("cyan", try_color)) {
-    cur_color.red = 0.0; cur_color.green = 1.0; cur_color.blue = 1.0; cur_color.alpha = 1.0;
-  }
-  else if(!strcmp("orange", try_color)) {
-    cur_color.red = 1.0; cur_color.green = 0.5; cur_color.blue = 0.0; cur_color.alpha = 1.0;
-  }
-  else if(!strcmp("brown", try_color)) {
-    cur_color.red = 0.39; cur_color.green = 0.26; cur_color.blue = 0.13; cur_color.alpha = 1.0;
-  }
-  else if(!strcmp("turquoise", try_color)) {
-    cur_color.red = 0.1; cur_color.green = 0.6; cur_color.blue = 0.8; cur_color.alpha = 1.0;
-  }
-  else if(!strcmp("tyrian", try_color))  {
-    cur_color.red = 0.4; cur_color.green = 0.007; cur_color.blue = 0.235; cur_color.alpha = 1.0;
-  }
-  else if(!strcmp("alpha", try_color)) {
-    cur_color.red = 0.0; cur_color.green = 0.0; cur_color.blue = 0.0; cur_color.alpha = 0.0;
-  }
-  else if(!strcmp("transparent", try_color)) {
-    cur_color.red = -666; cur_color.green = -666; cur_color.blue = -666; cur_color.alpha = -666;
-  }
-  else if(!strcmp("none", try_color)) {
-    cur_color = not_a_color_v;
-  }
-  else if(!strcmp("random", try_color) || !strcmp("rand", try_color)) {
-    cur_color.red = rand() / (float)RAND_MAX;
-    cur_color.green = rand() / (float)RAND_MAX;
-    cur_color.blue = rand() / (float)RAND_MAX;
-    cur_color.alpha = 1.0;
-  }
-
-  else
-    rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "invalid colour specified (no color matches the symbol: %s)\n", try_color);
-
-  return cur_color;
-}
-
-rgba
-convert_gosu_to_rgba_color(VALUE gcolor)
-{
-
-  return (rgba) { 
-    FIX2INT(rb_funcall(gcolor, rb_intern("red"), 0)) / 255.0,
-      FIX2INT(rb_funcall(gcolor, rb_intern("green"), 0)) / 255.0,
-      FIX2INT(rb_funcall(gcolor, rb_intern("blue"), 0)) / 255.0,
-      FIX2INT(rb_funcall(gcolor, rb_intern("alpha"), 0)) / 255.0
-      };
-}
-
-
-/* convert C color to Ruby color */
-VALUE
-convert_rgba_to_rb_color(rgba * pix)
-{
-  if (not_a_color(*pix)) return Qnil;
-  
-  /* create a new ruby array to store the pixel data */
-  VALUE pix_array = rb_ary_new2(4);
-
-  /* store the pixel data */
-  rb_ary_store(pix_array, red, rb_float_new(pix->red));
-  rb_ary_store(pix_array, green, rb_float_new(pix->green));
-  rb_ary_store(pix_array, blue, rb_float_new(pix->blue));
-  rb_ary_store(pix_array, alpha, rb_float_new(pix->alpha));
-
-  return pix_array;
-}
-
-/* convert C color to gosu color */
-VALUE
-convert_rgba_to_gosu_color(rgba * pix)
-{
-  if (not_a_color(*pix)) return Qnil;
-
-  VALUE gosu_color = rb_funcall(gosu_color_class(), rb_intern("new"), 0);
-
-  rb_funcall(gosu_color, rb_intern("red="), 1, INT2FIX(pix->red * 255));
-  rb_funcall(gosu_color, rb_intern("green="), 1, INT2FIX(pix->green * 255));
-  rb_funcall(gosu_color, rb_intern("blue="), 1, INT2FIX(pix->blue * 255));
-  rb_funcall(gosu_color, rb_intern("alpha="), 1, INT2FIX(pix->alpha * 255));
-
-  return gosu_color;
-}
-
-VALUE
-gosu_color_class()
-{
-  static VALUE gcolor_class = 0;
-
-  if (gcolor_class == 0) {
-    VALUE gosu_class = rb_const_get(rb_cObject, rb_intern("Gosu"));
-    gcolor_class = rb_const_get(gosu_class, rb_intern("Color"));
-  }
-
-  return gcolor_class;
-}
-
-/* convert Ruby color to C color */
-rgba
-convert_rb_color_to_rgba(VALUE cval)
-{
-  rgba my_color;
-
-  if (is_gosu_color(cval)) return convert_gosu_to_rgba_color(cval);
-    
-  /* current color for actions */
-  switch(TYPE(cval)) {
-    char * try_color;
-  case T_SYMBOL:
-    try_color = lowercase(sym2string(cval));
-
-    my_color = find_color_from_string(try_color);
-
-    break;
-  case T_ARRAY:
-    my_color.red = NUM2DBL(rb_ary_entry(cval, red));
-    my_color.green = NUM2DBL(rb_ary_entry(cval, green));
-    my_color.blue = NUM2DBL(rb_ary_entry(cval, blue));
-
-    if(NUM2INT(rb_funcall(cval, rb_intern("length"), 0)) > 3) 
-      my_color.alpha = NUM2DBL(rb_ary_entry(cval, alpha));
-    else
-      my_color.alpha = 1;
-
-    break;
-
-    /* hex literals */
-  case T_FIXNUM:
-  case T_BIGNUM:
-    return convert_gosu_to_rgba_color(rb_funcall(gosu_color_class(),
-                                                 rb_intern("new"), 1, cval));
-    break;
-        
-  default:
-    rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "unsupported argument type for color. Got type 0x%x\n", TYPE(cval) );
-  }
-
-  /* a valid color */
-  if(is_a_color(my_color))
-    return my_color;
-
-  /* special condition for when color is taken from outside range of bitmap. Color is just ignored */
-  else if(not_a_color(my_color))
-    return not_a_color_v;
-
-  /* anything else should fail */
-  else
-    rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "invalid colour specified (negative value given)\n");
-}
-
-/* error checking functions */
-void
-check_mask(VALUE mask) 
-{
-  char * try_mask;
-
-  if(TYPE(mask) != T_ARRAY && TYPE(mask) != T_SYMBOL)
-    rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "array or symbol parameter required");
-
-  /* is it a valid mask symbol? */
-  if(TYPE(mask) == T_SYMBOL) {
-    try_mask = lowercase(sym2string(mask));
-    if(*try_mask == '_') try_mask++;
-    if(not_a_color(find_color_from_string(try_mask))) {
-      rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "unrecognized mask symbol: %s\n", sym2string(mask));
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-void
-check_image(VALUE image) 
-{
-  if(!rb_respond_to(image, rb_intern("gl_tex_info")))
-    rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError,"must specify a valid source image");
-}
-
-bool
-is_gosu_image(VALUE try_image)
-{
-  if(rb_respond_to(try_image, rb_intern("gl_tex_info")))
-    return true;
-
-  return false;
-}
-
-bool
-is_gosu_color(VALUE try_color)
-{
-  if(rb_respond_to(try_color, rb_intern("red")))
-    return true;
-
-  return false;
-}
-
-
-
-/** cohen-sutherland line clipper **/
-#define outcode int
-const int RIGHT = 8;  //1000
-const int TOP = 4;    //0100
-const int LEFT = 2;   //0010
-const int BOTTOM = 1; //0001
- 
-//Compute the bit code for a point (x, y) using the clip rectangle
-//bounded diagonally by (xmin, ymin), and (xmax, ymax)
-static outcode
-ComputeOutCode (int x, int y, int xmin, int ymin, int xmax, int ymax)
-{
-  outcode code = 0;
-  if (y > ymax)              //above the clip window
-    code |= TOP;
-  else if (y < ymin)         //below the clip window
-    code |= BOTTOM;
-  if (x > xmax)              //to the right of clip window
-    code |= RIGHT;
-  else if (x < xmin)         //to the left of clip window
-    code |= LEFT;
-  return code;
-}
- 
-/** Cohen-Sutherland clipping algorithm clips a line from
-    P0 = (x0, y0) to P1 = (x1, y1) against a rectangle with 
-    diagonal from (xmin, ymin) to (xmax, ymax). **/
-void
-cohen_sutherland_clip (int * x0, int * y0,int * x1, int * y1, int xmin, int ymin,
-                       int xmax, int ymax)
-{
-  //Outcodes for P0, P1, and whatever point lies outside the clip rectangle
-  outcode outcode0, outcode1, outcodeOut;
-  bool accept = false, done = false;
-  int tx0 = *x0, ty0 = *y0, tx1 = *x1, ty1 = *y1;
- 
-  //compute outcodes
-  outcode0 = ComputeOutCode (tx0, ty0, xmin, ymin, xmax, ymax);
-  outcode1 = ComputeOutCode (tx1, ty1, xmin, ymin, xmax, ymax);
- 
-  do{
-    if (!(outcode0 | outcode1))      //logical or is 0. Trivially accept and get out of loop
-      {
-        accept = true;
-        done = true;
-      }
-    else if (outcode0 & outcode1)   //logical and is not 0. Trivially reject and get out of loop
-      done = true;
-    else
-      {
-        //failed both tests, so calculate the line segment to clip
-        //from an outside point to an intersection with clip edge
-        double x, y;
-        //At least one endpoint is outside the clip rectangle; pick it.
-        outcodeOut = outcode0? outcode0: outcode1;
-        //Now find the intersection point;
-        //use formulas y = y0 + slope * (x - x0), x = x0 + (1/slope)* (y - y0)
-        if (outcodeOut & TOP)          //point is above the clip rectangle
-          {
-            x = tx0 + (tx1 - tx0) * (ymax - ty0)/(ty1 - ty0);
-            y = ymax;
-          }
-        else if (outcodeOut & BOTTOM)  //point is below the clip rectangle
-          {
-            x = tx0 + (tx1 - tx0) * (ymin - ty0)/(ty1 - ty0);
-            y = ymin;
-          }
-        else if (outcodeOut & RIGHT)   //point is to the right of clip rectangle
-          {
-            y = ty0 + (ty1 - ty0) * (xmax - tx0)/(tx1 - tx0);
-            x = xmax;
-          }
-        else                           //point is to the left of clip rectangle
-          {
-            y = ty0 + (ty1 - ty0) * (xmin - tx0)/(tx1 - tx0);
-            x = xmin;
-          }
-        //Now we move outside point to intersection point to clip
-        //and get ready for next pass.
-        if (outcodeOut == outcode0)
-          {
-            tx0 = x;
-            ty0 = y;
-            outcode0 = ComputeOutCode (tx0, ty0, xmin, ymin, xmax, ymax);
-          }
-        else 
-          {
-            tx1 = x;
-            ty1 = y;
-            outcode1 = ComputeOutCode (tx1, ty1, xmin, ymin, xmax, ymax);
-          }
-      }
-  }while (!done);
- 
-  if (accept)
-    {
-      *x0 = tx0; *x1 = tx1;
-      *y0 = ty0; *y1 = ty1;
-    }
- 
-}
-/** end of cohen-sutherland line clipper **/
-
-
-void
-constrain_boundaries(int * x0, int * y0, int * x1, int * y1, int width, int height) 
-{
-  if(*y0 < 0) *y0 = 0;
-  if(*y1 < 0) *y1 = 0;
-    
-  if(*x0 < 0) *x0 = 0;
-  if(*x1 < 0) *x1 = 0;
-    
-  if(*x0 > (width - 1)) *x0 = width - 1;
-  if(*x1 > (width - 1)) *x1 = width - 1;
-    
-  if(*y0 > (height - 1)) *y0 = height - 1;
-  if(*y1 > (height - 1)) *y1 = height - 1;
-
-  if(*y0 > *y1) { SWAP(*y0, *y1); }
-  if(*x0 > *x1) { SWAP(*x0, *x1); }
-}
-
-
-/* returns true if point (x, y) is within bounds designated by rect (x0, y0)-(x1, y1)
-   and inner thickness: 'inner'
-*/
-bool
-bound_by_rect_and_inner(int x, int y, int x0, int y0, int x1, int y1, int inner) 
-{
-                          
-  return ((x >= x0) && (x <= x1) && (y >= y0) && (y <= y1)) && 
-    !((x >= x0 + inner) && (x <= x1 - inner) && (y >= y0 + inner) && (y <= y1 - inner));
-}
-
-/* same as above but excluding inner rectangle */
-bool
-bound_by_rect(int x, int y, int x0, int y0, int x1, int y1) 
-{
-  return bound_by_rect_and_inner(x, y, x0, y0, x1, y1, OOB_VAL);
-}
-
-/* calculate the array offset for a given pixel in action context */
-int
-calc_pixel_offset_for_action(action_struct * cur, texture_info * tex, int x, int y) 
-{
-  int offset = calc_pixel_offset(tex, x + cur->xmin, y + cur->ymin);
-
-  return offset;
-}
-
-/* calculate the array offset for a given pixel */
-int
-calc_pixel_offset(texture_info * tex, int x, int y) 
-{
-  int offset = 4 * (tex->firstpixel + x + tex->yincr * y);    
-
-  return offset;
-}
-
-/* NEWEST version that solves segfault on linux, back
-   in  action due to availability of MAX_TEXTURE_SIZE constant
-   in ruby 1.8 */
-unsigned
-max_quad_size(void)
-{
-#if 1
-  return 1024;
-#endif
-  
-  static unsigned size = 0;
-    
-  if (size == 0) {
-    VALUE gosu = rb_const_get(rb_cObject, rb_intern("Gosu"));
-    VALUE rb_size = rb_const_get(gosu, rb_intern("MAX_TEXTURE_SIZE"));
-
-    size = FIX2INT(rb_size);
-  }
-    
-  return size;
-}
-
-/* old version for quick update, OUT OF ACTIONN */
-/* unsigned */
-/* max_quad_size(void) */
-/* { */
-/* #ifdef __APPLE__ */
-/*   return 1024; */
-/* #else */
-/*   static unsigned MIN_SIZE = 256, MAX_SIZE = 1024; */
- 
-/*   static unsigned size = 0; */
-/*   if (size == 0) */
-/*     { */
-/*       GLint width = 1; */
-/*       size = MIN_SIZE / 2; */
-/*       do { */
-/*         size *= 2; */
-/*         glTexImage2D(GL_PROXY_TEXTURE_2D, 0, 4, size * 2, size * 2, 0, GL_RGBA, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, 0); */
-/*         glGetTexLevelParameteriv(GL_PROXY_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL_TEXTURE_WIDTH, &width);  */
-/*       } while (width != 0 && size < MAX_SIZE); */
-/*     } */
-    
-/*   return size; */
-/* #endif */
-/* } */
-
-/* point format utilities */
-bool
-is_a_point(VALUE try_point)
-{
-  /* if it responds to 'x' it's near enough (technically must respond to x AND y) */
-  /* added the is_a_num() check due to WEIRD bug where FIXNUMS were responding to the 'x' method (wtf?) but returning nil when invoked */
-  if(rb_respond_to(try_point, rb_intern("x")) && !is_a_num(try_point))
-    return true;
-
-  return false;
-}
-
-VALUE
-point_x(VALUE point)
-{
-  return rb_funcall(point, rb_intern("x"), 0);
-}
-
-VALUE
-point_y(VALUE point)
-{
-  return rb_funcall(point, rb_intern("y"), 0);
-}
-
-/* mathematical utils, used mainly by bezier curves */
-double
-power(float base, int exp)
-{
-  float ans = 1.0;
-  if(base == 0.0) {
-    if(exp == 0)
-      return 1;
-    else
-      return 0;
-  }
-  else if(exp == 0) return 1;
-  else {
-    for(int k = exp; k >= 1; k--) {
-      ans = ans * base;
-    }
-    return ans;
-  }
-}
-
-unsigned
-fact(int n)
-{
-  if (n == 0 || n == 1) return 1;
-  else
-    return (n * fact(n - 1));
-}
-
-unsigned
-comb(int n, int r)
-{
-  /* nCr is symmetrical about n / 2 */
-  if(r > (n / 2))
-    r = n - r;
-    
-  return perm(n, r) / fact(r);
-}
-
-unsigned
-perm(int n, int r)
-{
-  int val = 1;
-  for(int i = n; i > (n - r); i--)
-    val *= i;
-
-  return val;
-}
-
-double
-bernstein(int n, int k, float u)
-{
-  double temp = comb(n, k) * pow(u, k) * pow(1 - u, n - k);
-  return temp;
-}
+/* utils.c */
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <ctype.h>
+#include <ruby.h>
+#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <assert.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <math.h>
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "texplay.h"
+#include "utils.h"
+
+#ifdef __APPLE__
+# include <AvailabilityMacros.h>
+#if MAC_OS_X_VERSION_MIN_REQUIRED >= MAC_OS_X_VERSION_10_9
+# include <GLUT/glut.h>
+#else
+# include <GL/glut.h>
+#endif
+#else
+# include <GL/glut.h>
+#endif
+
+/*
+  #define MULT_FLOAT4(X, Y) ({                            \
+  asm volatile (                              \
+  "movups (%0), %%xmm0\n\t"     \
+  "mulps  (%1), %%xmm0\n\t"     \
+  "movups %%xmm0, (%1)"         \
+  :: "r" (X), "r" (Y)); })
+
+  #define COPY_FLOAT4(X, Y) ({                            \
+  asm volatile (                              \
+  "movups (%0), %%xmm0\n\t"     \
+  "movups %%xmm0, (%1)"         \
+  :: "r" (X), "r" (Y)); })
+
+*/
+/* external linkage with static duration */
+const rgba not_a_color_v = { -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0 };
+
+/* utility functions */
+char*
+lowercase(char * string) 
+{
+  int  i = 0;
+
+  while (string[i]) {
+    string[i] = tolower(string[i]);
+    i++;
+  }
+    
+  return string;
+}
+
+char*
+sym2string(VALUE sym) 
+{
+  return rb_id2name(SYM2ID(sym));
+}
+
+VALUE
+string2sym(char * string) 
+{
+  return ID2SYM(rb_intern(string));
+}
+
+bool
+is_a_hash(VALUE try_hash)
+{
+  return TYPE(try_hash) == T_HASH;
+}
+
+bool
+is_an_array(VALUE try_array)
+{
+  return TYPE(try_array) == T_ARRAY;
+}
+
+bool is_a_num(VALUE try_num)
+{
+  return TYPE(try_num) == T_FIXNUM || TYPE(try_num) == T_FLOAT;
+}
+
+VALUE
+get_from_hash(VALUE hash, char * sym) 
+{
+
+  if(TYPE(hash) != T_HASH) rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "hash argument expected");
+    
+  return rb_hash_aref(hash, string2sym(sym));
+}
+
+VALUE
+set_hash_value(VALUE hash, char * sym, VALUE val)
+{
+  if(TYPE(hash) != T_HASH) rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "hash argument expected");
+    
+  rb_hash_aset(hash, string2sym(sym), val);
+
+  return val;
+}
+
+VALUE
+delete_from_hash(VALUE hash, char * sym)
+{
+  if(TYPE(hash) != T_HASH) rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "hash argument expected");
+    
+  return rb_hash_delete(hash, string2sym(sym));
+}
+
+/* returns true if 'hash' is a hash and the value mapped to key 'sym' is
+   equal to 'val' */
+bool
+hash_value_is(VALUE hash, char * sym, VALUE val)
+{
+  if(TYPE(hash) != T_HASH) return false;
+
+  if(get_from_hash(hash, sym) == val)
+    return true;
+
+  return false;
+}
+    
+bool
+has_optional_hash_arg(VALUE hash, char * sym) 
+{
+  if(TYPE(hash) != T_HASH) return false;
+
+  if(NIL_P(get_from_hash(hash, sym)))
+    return false;
+
+  /* 'hash' is a hash and the sym exists */
+  return true;
+}
+
+VALUE
+set_array_value(VALUE array, int index, VALUE val)
+{
+  if(TYPE(array) != T_ARRAY) rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "array argument expected");
+
+  rb_ary_store(array, index, val);
+
+  return val;
+}
+    
+VALUE
+get_from_array(VALUE array, int index) 
+{
+
+  if(TYPE(array) != T_ARRAY) rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "array argument expected");
+    
+  return rb_ary_entry(array, index);
+}
+
+
+VALUE
+init_image_local(VALUE image)
+{
+  VALUE image_local;
+    
+  if(!is_gosu_image(image))
+    rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "not a valid image");
+    
+  /* initialize image_local hash if does not exist */
+  if(!is_an_array(rb_iv_get(image, "__image_local__"))) {
+    image_local = rb_ary_new();
+    rb_iv_set(image, "__image_local__", image_local);
+  }
+
+  image_local = rb_iv_get(image, "__image_local__");
+
+  return image_local;
+}   
+     
+void
+set_image_local(VALUE image, int name, VALUE val)
+{
+  VALUE image_local;
+    
+  image_local = init_image_local(image);
+
+  set_array_value(image_local, name, val);
+}
+
+VALUE
+get_image_local(VALUE image, int name)
+{
+  VALUE image_local;
+  VALUE val;
+
+  init_image_local(image);
+
+  /* this var holds all the image local variables in an array */
+  image_local = rb_iv_get(image, "__image_local__");
+
+  /* a particular image_local variable */
+  val = get_from_array(image_local, name);
+    
+  /* if the variable exists then return it */
+  if(!NIL_P(val))
+    return val;
+
+  /* otherwise initialize the variable and then return it */
+  else {
+    switch(name) {
+      VALUE init_offset, init_bounds, init_color, init_defaults;
+    case DRAW_OFFSET:
+      init_offset = rb_ary_new2(2);
+      set_array_value(init_offset, 0, INT2FIX(0));
+      set_array_value(init_offset, 1, INT2FIX(0));
+
+      set_array_value(image_local, DRAW_OFFSET, init_offset);
+
+      return init_offset;
+      break;
+    case LAZY_BOUNDS:
+      init_bounds = rb_ary_new2(4);
+      set_array_value(init_bounds, 0, INT2FIX(XMAX_OOB));
+      set_array_value(init_bounds, 1, INT2FIX(YMAX_OOB));
+      set_array_value(init_bounds, 2, INT2FIX(XMIN_OOB));
+      set_array_value(init_bounds, 3, INT2FIX(YMIN_OOB));
+
+      set_array_value(image_local, LAZY_BOUNDS, init_bounds);
+
+      return init_bounds;
+      break;
+    case IMAGE_COLOR:
+      init_color = rb_ary_new2(4);
+      set_array_value(init_color, 0, rb_float_new(1.0));
+      set_array_value(init_color, 1, rb_float_new(1.0));
+      set_array_value(init_color, 2, rb_float_new(1.0));
+      set_array_value(init_color, 3, rb_float_new(1.0));
+
+      set_array_value(image_local, IMAGE_COLOR, init_color);
+
+      return init_color;
+      break;
+    case USER_DEFAULTS:
+      init_defaults = rb_hash_new();
+
+      set_array_value(image_local, USER_DEFAULTS, init_defaults);
+
+      return init_defaults;
+      break;
+    default:
+      rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "unrecognized image_local variable number. got %d", name);
+    }
+  }
+    
+  /* never reached */
+  return Qnil;
+}
+
+rgba
+convert_image_local_color_to_rgba(VALUE image)
+{
+  rgba color;
+  VALUE image_local_color = get_image_local(image, IMAGE_COLOR);
+
+  color.red = NUM2DBL(get_from_array(image_local_color, red)); 
+  color.green = NUM2DBL(get_from_array(image_local_color, green)); 
+  color.blue = NUM2DBL(get_from_array(image_local_color, blue)); 
+  color.alpha = NUM2DBL(get_from_array(image_local_color, alpha)); 
+    
+  return color;
+}
+
+VALUE
+save_rgba_to_image_local_color(VALUE image, rgba color)
+{
+  /* abbreviation for image_local_color */
+  VALUE ilc = get_image_local(image, IMAGE_COLOR);
+
+  set_array_value(ilc, 0, rb_float_new(color.red));
+  set_array_value(ilc, 1, rb_float_new(color.green));
+  set_array_value(ilc, 2, rb_float_new(color.blue));
+  set_array_value(ilc, 3, rb_float_new(color.alpha));
+
+  return ilc;
+}
+
+bool
+not_a_color(rgba color1) 
+{
+  return color1.red == -1 || color1.green == -1 ||
+    color1.blue == -1 || color1.alpha == -1;
+}
+
+bool
+is_a_color(rgba color1)
+{
+  return !not_a_color(color1);
+}
+
+bool
+is_rb_raw_color(VALUE cval)
+{
+  return TYPE(cval) == T_ARRAY &&
+    is_a_num(get_from_array(cval, 0)) &&
+    is_a_num(get_from_array(cval, 1)) &&
+    is_a_num(get_from_array(cval, 2)) &&
+    is_a_num(get_from_array(cval, 3));
+}
+
+bool
+not_rb_raw_color(VALUE cval)
+{
+  return TYPE(cval) != T_ARRAY ||
+    !is_a_num(get_from_array(cval, 0));
+}
+
+/** cmp_color related functions **/
+static bool
+is_transparent_color(rgba color1)
+{
+  return color1.red == -666 && color1.green == -666 && color1.blue == -666 &&
+    color1.alpha == -666;
+}
+
+static bool
+special_cmp_color(rgba color1, rgba color2)
+{
+  if (is_transparent_color(color1))
+    return color2.alpha == 0;
+  else if (is_transparent_color(color2))
+    return color1.alpha == 0;
+  else
+    return false;
+}
+
+static bool
+special_cmp_color_with_tolerance(rgba color1, rgba color2, float tolerance)
+{
+  if (is_transparent_color(color1))
+    return (color2.alpha) <= tolerance;
+  else if (is_transparent_color(color2))
+    return color1.alpha <= tolerance;
+  else
+    return false;
+}
+
+
+static float
+color_distance_squared(rgba c1, rgba c2)
+{
+  return (c1.red - c2.red) * (c1.red - c2.red) +
+    (c1.green - c2.green) * (c1.green - c2.green) +
+    (c1.blue - c2.blue) * (c1.blue - c2.blue) +
+    (c1.alpha - c2.alpha) * (c1.alpha - c2.alpha);
+}
+      
+
+bool
+cmp_color_with_tolerance(rgba color1, rgba color2, float tolerance)
+{
+  if (color1.red < 0 || color2.red < 0)
+    return special_cmp_color_with_tolerance(color1, color2, tolerance);
+  
+  return color_distance_squared(color1, color2) <= (tolerance * tolerance);
+}
+
+bool
+cmp_color(rgba color1, rgba color2) 
+{
+  if (color1.red < 0 || color2.red < 0)
+    return special_cmp_color(color1, color2);
+    
+  return (color1.red == color2.red) && (color1.green == color2.green) && (color1.blue == color2.blue)
+    && (color1.alpha == color2.alpha);
+}
+        
+
+/*** these functions are UNSAFE ***/
+void
+color_copy(float * source, float * dest) 
+{
+  //COPY_FLOAT4(source, dest);
+  memcpy(dest, source, 4 * sizeof(float));
+}
+
+void
+zero_color(float * tex) 
+{
+  memset(tex, 0, 4 * sizeof(float));
+}
+/***                           ***/
+
+rgba
+find_color_from_string(char * try_color) 
+{
+  rgba cur_color;
+
+  if(!strcmp("red", try_color)) {
+    cur_color.red = 1.0; cur_color.green = 0.0; cur_color.blue = 0.0; cur_color.alpha = 1.0;
+  }
+  else if(!strcmp("green", try_color)) {
+    cur_color.red = 0.0; cur_color.green = 1.0; cur_color.blue = 0.0; cur_color.alpha = 1.0;
+  }
+  else if(!strcmp("blue", try_color)) {
+    cur_color.red = 0.0; cur_color.green = 0.0; cur_color.blue = 1.0; cur_color.alpha = 1.0;
+  }
+  else if(!strcmp("black", try_color)) {
+    cur_color.red = 0.0; cur_color.green = 0.0; cur_color.blue = 0.0; cur_color.alpha = 1.0;
+  }
+  else if(!strcmp("white", try_color)) {
+    cur_color.red = 1.0; cur_color.green = 1.0; cur_color.blue = 1.0; cur_color.alpha = 1.0;
+  }
+  else if(!strcmp("purple", try_color)) {
+    cur_color.red = 1.0; cur_color.green = 0.0; cur_color.blue = 1.0; cur_color.alpha = 1.0;
+  }
+  else if(!strcmp("yellow", try_color)) {
+    cur_color.red = 1.0; cur_color.green = 1.0; cur_color.blue = 0.0; cur_color.alpha = 1.0;
+  }
+  else if(!strcmp("cyan", try_color)) {
+    cur_color.red = 0.0; cur_color.green = 1.0; cur_color.blue = 1.0; cur_color.alpha = 1.0;
+  }
+  else if(!strcmp("orange", try_color)) {
+    cur_color.red = 1.0; cur_color.green = 0.5; cur_color.blue = 0.0; cur_color.alpha = 1.0;
+  }
+  else if(!strcmp("brown", try_color)) {
+    cur_color.red = 0.39; cur_color.green = 0.26; cur_color.blue = 0.13; cur_color.alpha = 1.0;
+  }
+  else if(!strcmp("turquoise", try_color)) {
+    cur_color.red = 0.1; cur_color.green = 0.6; cur_color.blue = 0.8; cur_color.alpha = 1.0;
+  }
+  else if(!strcmp("tyrian", try_color))  {
+    cur_color.red = 0.4; cur_color.green = 0.007; cur_color.blue = 0.235; cur_color.alpha = 1.0;
+  }
+  else if(!strcmp("alpha", try_color)) {
+    cur_color.red = 0.0; cur_color.green = 0.0; cur_color.blue = 0.0; cur_color.alpha = 0.0;
+  }
+  else if(!strcmp("transparent", try_color)) {
+    cur_color.red = -666; cur_color.green = -666; cur_color.blue = -666; cur_color.alpha = -666;
+  }
+  else if(!strcmp("none", try_color)) {
+    cur_color = not_a_color_v;
+  }
+  else if(!strcmp("random", try_color) || !strcmp("rand", try_color)) {
+    cur_color.red = rand() / (float)RAND_MAX;
+    cur_color.green = rand() / (float)RAND_MAX;
+    cur_color.blue = rand() / (float)RAND_MAX;
+    cur_color.alpha = 1.0;
+  }
+
+  else
+    rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "invalid colour specified (no color matches the symbol: %s)\n", try_color);
+
+  return cur_color;
+}
+
+rgba
+convert_gosu_to_rgba_color(VALUE gcolor)
+{
+
+  return (rgba) { 
+    FIX2INT(rb_funcall(gcolor, rb_intern("red"), 0)) / 255.0,
+      FIX2INT(rb_funcall(gcolor, rb_intern("green"), 0)) / 255.0,
+      FIX2INT(rb_funcall(gcolor, rb_intern("blue"), 0)) / 255.0,
+      FIX2INT(rb_funcall(gcolor, rb_intern("alpha"), 0)) / 255.0
+      };
+}
+
+
+/* convert C color to Ruby color */
+VALUE
+convert_rgba_to_rb_color(rgba * pix)
+{
+  if (not_a_color(*pix)) return Qnil;
+  
+  /* create a new ruby array to store the pixel data */
+  VALUE pix_array = rb_ary_new2(4);
+
+  /* store the pixel data */
+  rb_ary_store(pix_array, red, rb_float_new(pix->red));
+  rb_ary_store(pix_array, green, rb_float_new(pix->green));
+  rb_ary_store(pix_array, blue, rb_float_new(pix->blue));
+  rb_ary_store(pix_array, alpha, rb_float_new(pix->alpha));
+
+  return pix_array;
+}
+
+/* convert C color to gosu color */
+VALUE
+convert_rgba_to_gosu_color(rgba * pix)
+{
+  if (not_a_color(*pix)) return Qnil;
+
+  VALUE gosu_color = rb_funcall(gosu_color_class(), rb_intern("new"), 0);
+
+  rb_funcall(gosu_color, rb_intern("red="), 1, INT2FIX(pix->red * 255));
+  rb_funcall(gosu_color, rb_intern("green="), 1, INT2FIX(pix->green * 255));
+  rb_funcall(gosu_color, rb_intern("blue="), 1, INT2FIX(pix->blue * 255));
+  rb_funcall(gosu_color, rb_intern("alpha="), 1, INT2FIX(pix->alpha * 255));
+
+  return gosu_color;
+}
+
+VALUE
+gosu_color_class()
+{
+  static VALUE gcolor_class = 0;
+
+  if (gcolor_class == 0) {
+    VALUE gosu_class = rb_const_get(rb_cObject, rb_intern("Gosu"));
+    gcolor_class = rb_const_get(gosu_class, rb_intern("Color"));
+  }
+
+  return gcolor_class;
+}
+
+/* convert Ruby color to C color */
+rgba
+convert_rb_color_to_rgba(VALUE cval)
+{
+  rgba my_color;
+
+  if (is_gosu_color(cval)) return convert_gosu_to_rgba_color(cval);
+    
+  /* current color for actions */
+  switch(TYPE(cval)) {
+    char * try_color;
+  case T_SYMBOL:
+    try_color = lowercase(sym2string(cval));
+
+    my_color = find_color_from_string(try_color);
+
+    break;
+  case T_ARRAY:
+    my_color.red = NUM2DBL(rb_ary_entry(cval, red));
+    my_color.green = NUM2DBL(rb_ary_entry(cval, green));
+    my_color.blue = NUM2DBL(rb_ary_entry(cval, blue));
+
+    if(NUM2INT(rb_funcall(cval, rb_intern("length"), 0)) > 3) 
+      my_color.alpha = NUM2DBL(rb_ary_entry(cval, alpha));
+    else
+      my_color.alpha = 1;
+
+    break;
+
+    /* hex literals */
+  case T_FIXNUM:
+  case T_BIGNUM:
+    return convert_gosu_to_rgba_color(rb_funcall(gosu_color_class(),
+                                                 rb_intern("new"), 1, cval));
+    break;
+        
+  default:
+    rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "unsupported argument type for color. Got type 0x%x\n", TYPE(cval) );
+  }
+
+  /* a valid color */
+  if(is_a_color(my_color))
+    return my_color;
+
+  /* special condition for when color is taken from outside range of bitmap. Color is just ignored */
+  else if(not_a_color(my_color))
+    return not_a_color_v;
+
+  /* anything else should fail */
+  else
+    rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "invalid colour specified (negative value given)\n");
+}
+
+/* error checking functions */
+void
+check_mask(VALUE mask) 
+{
+  char * try_mask;
+
+  if(TYPE(mask) != T_ARRAY && TYPE(mask) != T_SYMBOL)
+    rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "array or symbol parameter required");
+
+  /* is it a valid mask symbol? */
+  if(TYPE(mask) == T_SYMBOL) {
+    try_mask = lowercase(sym2string(mask));
+    if(*try_mask == '_') try_mask++;
+    if(not_a_color(find_color_from_string(try_mask))) {
+      rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "unrecognized mask symbol: %s\n", sym2string(mask));
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+void
+check_image(VALUE image) 
+{
+  if(!rb_respond_to(image, rb_intern("gl_tex_info")))
+    rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError,"must specify a valid source image");
+}
+
+bool
+is_gosu_image(VALUE try_image)
+{
+  if(rb_respond_to(try_image, rb_intern("gl_tex_info")))
+    return true;
+
+  return false;
+}
+
+bool
+is_gosu_color(VALUE try_color)
+{
+  if(rb_respond_to(try_color, rb_intern("red")))
+    return true;
+
+  return false;
+}
+
+
+
+/** cohen-sutherland line clipper **/
+#define outcode int
+const int RIGHT = 8;  //1000
+const int TOP = 4;    //0100
+const int LEFT = 2;   //0010
+const int BOTTOM = 1; //0001
+ 
+//Compute the bit code for a point (x, y) using the clip rectangle
+//bounded diagonally by (xmin, ymin), and (xmax, ymax)
+static outcode
+ComputeOutCode (int x, int y, int xmin, int ymin, int xmax, int ymax)
+{
+  outcode code = 0;
+  if (y > ymax)              //above the clip window
+    code |= TOP;
+  else if (y < ymin)         //below the clip window
+    code |= BOTTOM;
+  if (x > xmax)              //to the right of clip window
+    code |= RIGHT;
+  else if (x < xmin)         //to the left of clip window
+    code |= LEFT;
+  return code;
+}
+ 
+/** Cohen-Sutherland clipping algorithm clips a line from
+    P0 = (x0, y0) to P1 = (x1, y1) against a rectangle with 
+    diagonal from (xmin, ymin) to (xmax, ymax). **/
+void
+cohen_sutherland_clip (int * x0, int * y0,int * x1, int * y1, int xmin, int ymin,
+                       int xmax, int ymax)
+{
+  //Outcodes for P0, P1, and whatever point lies outside the clip rectangle
+  outcode outcode0, outcode1, outcodeOut;
+  bool accept = false, done = false;
+  int tx0 = *x0, ty0 = *y0, tx1 = *x1, ty1 = *y1;
+ 
+  //compute outcodes
+  outcode0 = ComputeOutCode (tx0, ty0, xmin, ymin, xmax, ymax);
+  outcode1 = ComputeOutCode (tx1, ty1, xmin, ymin, xmax, ymax);
+ 
+  do{
+    if (!(outcode0 | outcode1))      //logical or is 0. Trivially accept and get out of loop
+      {
+        accept = true;
+        done = true;
+      }
+    else if (outcode0 & outcode1)   //logical and is not 0. Trivially reject and get out of loop
+      done = true;
+    else
+      {
+        //failed both tests, so calculate the line segment to clip
+        //from an outside point to an intersection with clip edge
+        double x, y;
+        //At least one endpoint is outside the clip rectangle; pick it.
+        outcodeOut = outcode0? outcode0: outcode1;
+        //Now find the intersection point;
+        //use formulas y = y0 + slope * (x - x0), x = x0 + (1/slope)* (y - y0)
+        if (outcodeOut & TOP)          //point is above the clip rectangle
+          {
+            x = tx0 + (tx1 - tx0) * (ymax - ty0)/(ty1 - ty0);
+            y = ymax;
+          }
+        else if (outcodeOut & BOTTOM)  //point is below the clip rectangle
+          {
+            x = tx0 + (tx1 - tx0) * (ymin - ty0)/(ty1 - ty0);
+            y = ymin;
+          }
+        else if (outcodeOut & RIGHT)   //point is to the right of clip rectangle
+          {
+            y = ty0 + (ty1 - ty0) * (xmax - tx0)/(tx1 - tx0);
+            x = xmax;
+          }
+        else                           //point is to the left of clip rectangle
+          {
+            y = ty0 + (ty1 - ty0) * (xmin - tx0)/(tx1 - tx0);
+            x = xmin;
+          }
+        //Now we move outside point to intersection point to clip
+        //and get ready for next pass.
+        if (outcodeOut == outcode0)
+          {
+            tx0 = x;
+            ty0 = y;
+            outcode0 = ComputeOutCode (tx0, ty0, xmin, ymin, xmax, ymax);
+          }
+        else 
+          {
+            tx1 = x;
+            ty1 = y;
+            outcode1 = ComputeOutCode (tx1, ty1, xmin, ymin, xmax, ymax);
+          }
+      }
+  }while (!done);
+ 
+  if (accept)
+    {
+      *x0 = tx0; *x1 = tx1;
+      *y0 = ty0; *y1 = ty1;
+    }
+ 
+}
+/** end of cohen-sutherland line clipper **/
+
+
+void
+constrain_boundaries(int * x0, int * y0, int * x1, int * y1, int width, int height) 
+{
+  if(*y0 < 0) *y0 = 0;
+  if(*y1 < 0) *y1 = 0;
+    
+  if(*x0 < 0) *x0 = 0;
+  if(*x1 < 0) *x1 = 0;
+    
+  if(*x0 > (width - 1)) *x0 = width - 1;
+  if(*x1 > (width - 1)) *x1 = width - 1;
+    
+  if(*y0 > (height - 1)) *y0 = height - 1;
+  if(*y1 > (height - 1)) *y1 = height - 1;
+
+  if(*y0 > *y1) { SWAP(*y0, *y1); }
+  if(*x0 > *x1) { SWAP(*x0, *x1); }
+}
+
+
+/* returns true if point (x, y) is within bounds designated by rect (x0, y0)-(x1, y1)
+   and inner thickness: 'inner'
+*/
+bool
+bound_by_rect_and_inner(int x, int y, int x0, int y0, int x1, int y1, int inner) 
+{
+                          
+  return ((x >= x0) && (x <= x1) && (y >= y0) && (y <= y1)) && 
+    !((x >= x0 + inner) && (x <= x1 - inner) && (y >= y0 + inner) && (y <= y1 - inner));
+}
+
+/* same as above but excluding inner rectangle */
+bool
+bound_by_rect(int x, int y, int x0, int y0, int x1, int y1) 
+{
+  return bound_by_rect_and_inner(x, y, x0, y0, x1, y1, OOB_VAL);
+}
+
+/* calculate the array offset for a given pixel in action context */
+int
+calc_pixel_offset_for_action(action_struct * cur, texture_info * tex, int x, int y) 
+{
+  int offset = calc_pixel_offset(tex, x + cur->xmin, y + cur->ymin);
+
+  return offset;
+}
+
+/* calculate the array offset for a given pixel */
+int
+calc_pixel_offset(texture_info * tex, int x, int y) 
+{
+  int offset = 4 * (tex->firstpixel + x + tex->yincr * y);    
+
+  return offset;
+}
+
+/* NEWEST version that solves segfault on linux, back
+   in  action due to availability of MAX_TEXTURE_SIZE constant
+   in ruby 1.8 */
+unsigned
+max_quad_size(void)
+{
+#if 1
+  return 1024;
+#endif
+  
+  static unsigned size = 0;
+    
+  if (size == 0) {
+    VALUE gosu = rb_const_get(rb_cObject, rb_intern("Gosu"));
+    VALUE rb_size = rb_const_get(gosu, rb_intern("MAX_TEXTURE_SIZE"));
+
+    size = FIX2INT(rb_size);
+  }
+    
+  return size;
+}
+
+/* old version for quick update, OUT OF ACTIONN */
+/* unsigned */
+/* max_quad_size(void) */
+/* { */
+/* #ifdef __APPLE__ */
+/*   return 1024; */
+/* #else */
+/*   static unsigned MIN_SIZE = 256, MAX_SIZE = 1024; */
+ 
+/*   static unsigned size = 0; */
+/*   if (size == 0) */
+/*     { */
+/*       GLint width = 1; */
+/*       size = MIN_SIZE / 2; */
+/*       do { */
+/*         size *= 2; */
+/*         glTexImage2D(GL_PROXY_TEXTURE_2D, 0, 4, size * 2, size * 2, 0, GL_RGBA, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, 0); */
+/*         glGetTexLevelParameteriv(GL_PROXY_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL_TEXTURE_WIDTH, &width);  */
+/*       } while (width != 0 && size < MAX_SIZE); */
+/*     } */
+    
+/*   return size; */
+/* #endif */
+/* } */
+
+/* point format utilities */
+bool
+is_a_point(VALUE try_point)
+{
+  /* if it responds to 'x' it's near enough (technically must respond to x AND y) */
+  /* added the is_a_num() check due to WEIRD bug where FIXNUMS were responding to the 'x' method (wtf?) but returning nil when invoked */
+  if(rb_respond_to(try_point, rb_intern("x")) && !is_a_num(try_point))
+    return true;
+
+  return false;
+}
+
+VALUE
+point_x(VALUE point)
+{
+  return rb_funcall(point, rb_intern("x"), 0);
+}
+
+VALUE
+point_y(VALUE point)
+{
+  return rb_funcall(point, rb_intern("y"), 0);
+}
+
+/* mathematical utils, used mainly by bezier curves */
+double
+power(float base, int exp)
+{
+  float ans = 1.0;
+  if(base == 0.0) {
+    if(exp == 0)
+      return 1;
+    else
+      return 0;
+  }
+  else if(exp == 0) return 1;
+  else {
+    for(int k = exp; k >= 1; k--) {
+      ans = ans * base;
+    }
+    return ans;
+  }
+}
+
+unsigned
+fact(int n)
+{
+  if (n == 0 || n == 1) return 1;
+  else
+    return (n * fact(n - 1));
+}
+
+unsigned
+comb(int n, int r)
+{
+  /* nCr is symmetrical about n / 2 */
+  if(r > (n / 2))
+    r = n - r;
+    
+  return perm(n, r) / fact(r);
+}
+
+unsigned
+perm(int n, int r)
+{
+  int val = 1;
+  for(int i = n; i > (n - r); i--)
+    val *= i;
+
+  return val;
+}
+
+double
+bernstein(int n, int k, float u)
+{
+  double temp = comb(n, k) * pow(u, k) * pow(1 - u, n - k);
+  return temp;
+}