sskirby-activerecord 3.2.1

data/lib/active_record/locking/optimistic.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,183 @@
+module ActiveRecord
+  module Locking
+    # == What is Optimistic Locking
+    #
+    # Optimistic locking allows multiple users to access the same record for edits, and assumes a minimum of
+    # conflicts with the data. It does this by checking whether another process has made changes to a record since
+    # it was opened, an <tt>ActiveRecord::StaleObjectError</tt> exception is thrown if that has occurred
+    # and the update is ignored.
+    #
+    # Check out <tt>ActiveRecord::Locking::Pessimistic</tt> for an alternative.
+    #
+    # == Usage
+    #
+    # Active Records support optimistic locking if the field +lock_version+ is present. Each update to the
+    # record increments the +lock_version+ column and the locking facilities ensure that records instantiated twice
+    # will let the last one saved raise a +StaleObjectError+ if the first was also updated. Example:
+    #
+    #   p1 = Person.find(1)
+    #   p2 = Person.find(1)
+    #
+    #   p1.first_name = "Michael"
+    #   p1.save
+    #
+    #   p2.first_name = "should fail"
+    #   p2.save # Raises a ActiveRecord::StaleObjectError
+    #
+    # Optimistic locking will also check for stale data when objects are destroyed. Example:
+    #
+    #   p1 = Person.find(1)
+    #   p2 = Person.find(1)
+    #
+    #   p1.first_name = "Michael"
+    #   p1.save
+    #
+    #   p2.destroy # Raises a ActiveRecord::StaleObjectError
+    #
+    # You're then responsible for dealing with the conflict by rescuing the exception and either rolling back, merging,
+    # or otherwise apply the business logic needed to resolve the conflict.
+    #
+    # This locking mechanism will function inside a single Ruby process. To make it work across all
+    # web requests, the recommended approach is to add +lock_version+ as a hidden field to your form.
+    #
+    # You must ensure that your database schema defaults the +lock_version+ column to 0.
+    #
+    # This behavior can be turned off by setting <tt>ActiveRecord::Base.lock_optimistically = false</tt>.
+    # To override the name of the +lock_version+ column, invoke the <tt>set_locking_column</tt> method.
+    # This method uses the same syntax as <tt>set_table_name</tt>
+    module Optimistic
+      extend ActiveSupport::Concern
+
+      included do
+        cattr_accessor :lock_optimistically, :instance_writer => false
+        self.lock_optimistically = true
+      end
+
+      def locking_enabled? #:nodoc:
+        self.class.locking_enabled?
+      end
+
+      private
+        def increment_lock
+          lock_col = self.class.locking_column
+          previous_lock_value = send(lock_col).to_i
+          send(lock_col + '=', previous_lock_value + 1)
+        end
+
+        def update(attribute_names = @attributes.keys) #:nodoc:
+          return super unless locking_enabled?
+          return 0 if attribute_names.empty?
+
+          lock_col = self.class.locking_column
+          previous_lock_value = send(lock_col).to_i
+          increment_lock
+
+          attribute_names += [lock_col]
+          attribute_names.uniq!
+
+          begin
+            relation = self.class.unscoped
+
+            stmt = relation.where(
+              relation.table[self.class.primary_key].eq(id).and(
+                relation.table[lock_col].eq(quote_value(previous_lock_value))
+              )
+            ).arel.compile_update(arel_attributes_values(false, false, attribute_names))
+
+            affected_rows = connection.update stmt
+
+            unless affected_rows == 1
+              raise ActiveRecord::StaleObjectError.new(self, "update")
+            end
+
+            affected_rows
+
+          # If something went wrong, revert the version.
+          rescue Exception
+            send(lock_col + '=', previous_lock_value)
+            raise
+          end
+        end
+
+        def destroy #:nodoc:
+          return super unless locking_enabled?
+
+          if persisted?
+            table = self.class.arel_table
+            lock_col = self.class.locking_column
+            predicate = table[self.class.primary_key].eq(id).
+              and(table[lock_col].eq(send(lock_col).to_i))
+
+            affected_rows = self.class.unscoped.where(predicate).delete_all
+
+            unless affected_rows == 1
+              raise ActiveRecord::StaleObjectError.new(self, "destroy")
+            end
+          end
+
+          @destroyed = true
+          freeze
+        end
+
+      module ClassMethods
+        DEFAULT_LOCKING_COLUMN = 'lock_version'
+
+        # Returns true if the +lock_optimistically+ flag is set to true
+        # (which it is, by default) and the table includes the
+        # +locking_column+ column (defaults to +lock_version+).
+        def locking_enabled?
+          lock_optimistically && columns_hash[locking_column]
+        end
+
+        def locking_column=(value)
+          @original_locking_column = @locking_column if defined?(@locking_column)
+          @locking_column          = value.to_s
+        end
+
+        # Set the column to use for optimistic locking. Defaults to +lock_version+.
+        def set_locking_column(value = nil, &block)
+          deprecated_property_setter :locking_column, value, block
+        end
+
+        # The version column used for optimistic locking. Defaults to +lock_version+.
+        def locking_column
+          reset_locking_column unless defined?(@locking_column)
+          @locking_column
+        end
+
+        def original_locking_column #:nodoc:
+          deprecated_original_property_getter :locking_column
+        end
+
+        # Quote the column name used for optimistic locking.
+        def quoted_locking_column
+          connection.quote_column_name(locking_column)
+        end
+
+        # Reset the column used for optimistic locking back to the +lock_version+ default.
+        def reset_locking_column
+          self.locking_column = DEFAULT_LOCKING_COLUMN
+        end
+
+        # Make sure the lock version column gets updated when counters are
+        # updated.
+        def update_counters(id, counters)
+          counters = counters.merge(locking_column => 1) if locking_enabled?
+          super
+        end
+
+        # If the locking column has no default value set,
+        # start the lock version at zero. Note we can't use
+        # <tt>locking_enabled?</tt> at this point as
+        # <tt>@attributes</tt> may not have been initialized yet.
+        def initialize_attributes(attributes) #:nodoc:
+          if attributes.key?(locking_column) && lock_optimistically
+            attributes[locking_column] ||= 0
+          end
+
+          attributes
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end

data/lib/active_record/locking/pessimistic.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+module ActiveRecord
+  module Locking
+    # Locking::Pessimistic provides support for row-level locking using
+    # SELECT ... FOR UPDATE and other lock types.
+    #
+    # Pass <tt>:lock => true</tt> to <tt>ActiveRecord::Base.find</tt> to obtain an exclusive
+    # lock on the selected rows:
+    #   # select * from accounts where id=1 for update
+    #   Account.find(1, :lock => true)
+    #
+    # Pass <tt>:lock => 'some locking clause'</tt> to give a database-specific locking clause
+    # of your own such as 'LOCK IN SHARE MODE' or 'FOR UPDATE NOWAIT'. Example:
+    #
+    #   Account.transaction do
+    #     # select * from accounts where name = 'shugo' limit 1 for update
+    #     shugo = Account.where("name = 'shugo'").lock(true).first
+    #     yuko = Account.where("name = 'yuko'").lock(true).first
+    #     shugo.balance -= 100
+    #     shugo.save!
+    #     yuko.balance += 100
+    #     yuko.save!
+    #   end
+    #
+    # You can also use <tt>ActiveRecord::Base#lock!</tt> method to lock one record by id.
+    # This may be better if you don't need to lock every row. Example:
+    #
+    #   Account.transaction do
+    #     # select * from accounts where ...
+    #     accounts = Account.where(...).all
+    #     account1 = accounts.detect { |account| ... }
+    #     account2 = accounts.detect { |account| ... }
+    #     # select * from accounts where id=? for update
+    #     account1.lock!
+    #     account2.lock!
+    #     account1.balance -= 100
+    #     account1.save!
+    #     account2.balance += 100
+    #     account2.save!
+    #   end
+    #
+    # You can start a transaction and acquire the lock in one go by calling
+    # <tt>with_lock</tt> with a block. The block is called from within
+    # a transaction, the object is already locked. Example:
+    #
+    #   account = Account.first
+    #   account.with_lock do
+    #     # This block is called within a transaction,
+    #     # account is already locked.
+    #     account.balance -= 100
+    #     account.save!
+    #   end
+    #
+    # Database-specific information on row locking:
+    #   MySQL: http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.1/en/innodb-locking-reads.html
+    #   PostgreSQL: http://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/interactive/sql-select.html#SQL-FOR-UPDATE-SHARE
+    module Pessimistic
+      # Obtain a row lock on this record. Reloads the record to obtain the requested
+      # lock. Pass an SQL locking clause to append the end of the SELECT statement
+      # or pass true for "FOR UPDATE" (the default, an exclusive row lock). Returns
+      # the locked record.
+      def lock!(lock = true)
+        reload(:lock => lock) if persisted?
+        self
+      end
+
+      # Wraps the passed block in a transaction, locking the object
+      # before yielding. You pass can the SQL locking clause
+      # as argument (see <tt>lock!</tt>).
+      def with_lock(lock = true)
+        transaction do
+          lock!(lock)
+          yield
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end

data/lib/active_record/log_subscriber.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+module ActiveRecord
+  class LogSubscriber < ActiveSupport::LogSubscriber
+    def self.runtime=(value)
+      Thread.current["active_record_sql_runtime"] = value
+    end
+
+    def self.runtime
+      Thread.current["active_record_sql_runtime"] ||= 0
+    end
+
+    def self.reset_runtime
+      rt, self.runtime = runtime, 0
+      rt
+    end
+
+    def initialize
+      super
+      @odd_or_even = false
+    end
+
+    def sql(event)
+      self.class.runtime += event.duration
+      return unless logger.debug?
+
+      payload = event.payload
+
+      return if 'SCHEMA' == payload[:name]
+
+      name  = '%s (%.1fms)' % [payload[:name], event.duration]
+      sql   = payload[:sql].squeeze(' ')
+      binds = nil
+
+      unless (payload[:binds] || []).empty?
+        binds = "  " + payload[:binds].map { |col,v|
+          [col.name, v]
+        }.inspect
+      end
+
+      if odd?
+        name = color(name, CYAN, true)
+        sql  = color(sql, nil, true)
+      else
+        name = color(name, MAGENTA, true)
+      end
+
+      debug "  #{name}  #{sql}#{binds}"
+    end
+
+    def identity(event)
+      return unless logger.debug?
+
+      name = color(event.payload[:name], odd? ? CYAN : MAGENTA, true)
+      line = odd? ? color(event.payload[:line], nil, true) : event.payload[:line]
+
+      debug "  #{name}  #{line}"
+    end
+
+    def odd?
+      @odd_or_even = !@odd_or_even
+    end
+
+    def logger
+      ActiveRecord::Base.logger
+    end
+  end
+end
+
+ActiveRecord::LogSubscriber.attach_to :active_record

data/lib/active_record/migration.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,765 @@
+require "active_support/core_ext/module/delegation"
+require "active_support/core_ext/class/attribute_accessors"
+require "active_support/core_ext/array/wrap"
+require 'active_support/deprecation'
+
+module ActiveRecord
+  # Exception that can be raised to stop migrations from going backwards.
+  class IrreversibleMigration < ActiveRecordError
+  end
+
+  class DuplicateMigrationVersionError < ActiveRecordError#:nodoc:
+    def initialize(version)
+      super("Multiple migrations have the version number #{version}")
+    end
+  end
+
+  class DuplicateMigrationNameError < ActiveRecordError#:nodoc:
+    def initialize(name)
+      super("Multiple migrations have the name #{name}")
+    end
+  end
+
+  class UnknownMigrationVersionError < ActiveRecordError #:nodoc:
+    def initialize(version)
+      super("No migration with version number #{version}")
+    end
+  end
+
+  class IllegalMigrationNameError < ActiveRecordError#:nodoc:
+    def initialize(name)
+      super("Illegal name for migration file: #{name}\n\t(only lower case letters, numbers, and '_' allowed)")
+    end
+  end
+
+  # = Active Record Migrations
+  #
+  # Migrations can manage the evolution of a schema used by several physical
+  # databases. It's a solution to the common problem of adding a field to make
+  # a new feature work in your local database, but being unsure of how to
+  # push that change to other developers and to the production server. With
+  # migrations, you can describe the transformations in self-contained classes
+  # that can be checked into version control systems and executed against
+  # another database that might be one, two, or five versions behind.
+  #
+  # Example of a simple migration:
+  #
+  #   class AddSsl < ActiveRecord::Migration
+  #     def up
+  #       add_column :accounts, :ssl_enabled, :boolean, :default => 1
+  #     end
+  #
+  #     def down
+  #       remove_column :accounts, :ssl_enabled
+  #     end
+  #   end
+  #
+  # This migration will add a boolean flag to the accounts table and remove it
+  # if you're backing out of the migration. It shows how all migrations have
+  # two methods +up+ and +down+ that describes the transformations
+  # required to implement or remove the migration. These methods can consist
+  # of both the migration specific methods like add_column and remove_column,
+  # but may also contain regular Ruby code for generating data needed for the
+  # transformations.
+  #
+  # Example of a more complex migration that also needs to initialize data:
+  #
+  #   class AddSystemSettings < ActiveRecord::Migration
+  #     def up
+  #       create_table :system_settings do |t|
+  #         t.string  :name
+  #         t.string  :label
+  #         t.text    :value
+  #         t.string  :type
+  #         t.integer :position
+  #       end
+  #
+  #       SystemSetting.create  :name => "notice",
+  #                             :label => "Use notice?",
+  #                             :value => 1
+  #     end
+  #
+  #     def down
+  #       drop_table :system_settings
+  #     end
+  #   end
+  #
+  # This migration first adds the system_settings table, then creates the very
+  # first row in it using the Active Record model that relies on the table. It
+  # also uses the more advanced create_table syntax where you can specify a
+  # complete table schema in one block call.
+  #
+  # == Available transformations
+  #
+  # * <tt>create_table(name, options)</tt> Creates a table called +name+ and
+  #   makes the table object available to a block that can then add columns to it,
+  #   following the same format as add_column. See example above. The options hash
+  #   is for fragments like "DEFAULT CHARSET=UTF-8" that are appended to the create
+  #   table definition.
+  # * <tt>drop_table(name)</tt>: Drops the table called +name+.
+  # * <tt>rename_table(old_name, new_name)</tt>: Renames the table called +old_name+
+  #   to +new_name+.
+  # * <tt>add_column(table_name, column_name, type, options)</tt>: Adds a new column
+  #   to the table called +table_name+
+  #   named +column_name+ specified to be one of the following types:
+  #   <tt>:string</tt>, <tt>:text</tt>, <tt>:integer</tt>, <tt>:float</tt>,
+  #   <tt>:decimal</tt>, <tt>:datetime</tt>, <tt>:timestamp</tt>, <tt>:time</tt>,
+  #   <tt>:date</tt>, <tt>:binary</tt>, <tt>:boolean</tt>. A default value can be
+  #   specified by passing an +options+ hash like <tt>{ :default => 11 }</tt>.
+  #   Other options include <tt>:limit</tt> and <tt>:null</tt> (e.g.
+  #   <tt>{ :limit => 50, :null => false }</tt>) -- see
+  #   ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::TableDefinition#column for details.
+  # * <tt>rename_column(table_name, column_name, new_column_name)</tt>: Renames
+  #   a column but keeps the type and content.
+  # * <tt>change_column(table_name, column_name, type, options)</tt>:  Changes
+  #   the column to a different type using the same parameters as add_column.
+  # * <tt>remove_column(table_name, column_names)</tt>: Removes the column listed in
+  #   +column_names+ from the table called +table_name+.
+  # * <tt>add_index(table_name, column_names, options)</tt>: Adds a new index
+  #   with the name of the column. Other options include
+  #   <tt>:name</tt>, <tt>:unique</tt> (e.g.
+  #   <tt>{ :name => "users_name_index", :unique => true }</tt>) and <tt>:order</tt>
+  #   (e.g. { :order => {:name => :desc} }</tt>).
+  # * <tt>remove_index(table_name, :column => column_name)</tt>: Removes the index
+  #   specified by +column_name+.
+  # * <tt>remove_index(table_name, :name => index_name)</tt>: Removes the index
+  #   specified by +index_name+.
+  #
+  # == Irreversible transformations
+  #
+  # Some transformations are destructive in a manner that cannot be reversed.
+  # Migrations of that kind should raise an <tt>ActiveRecord::IrreversibleMigration</tt>
+  # exception in their +down+ method.
+  #
+  # == Running migrations from within Rails
+  #
+  # The Rails package has several tools to help create and apply migrations.
+  #
+  # To generate a new migration, you can use
+  #   rails generate migration MyNewMigration
+  #
+  # where MyNewMigration is the name of your migration. The generator will
+  # create an empty migration file <tt>timestamp_my_new_migration.rb</tt>
+  # in the <tt>db/migrate/</tt> directory where <tt>timestamp</tt> is the
+  # UTC formatted date and time that the migration was generated.
+  #
+  # You may then edit the <tt>up</tt> and <tt>down</tt> methods of
+  # MyNewMigration.
+  #
+  # There is a special syntactic shortcut to generate migrations that add fields to a table.
+  #
+  #   rails generate migration add_fieldname_to_tablename fieldname:string
+  #
+  # This will generate the file <tt>timestamp_add_fieldname_to_tablename</tt>, which will look like this:
+  #   class AddFieldnameToTablename < ActiveRecord::Migration
+  #     def up
+  #       add_column :tablenames, :fieldname, :string
+  #     end
+  #
+  #     def down
+  #       remove_column :tablenames, :fieldname
+  #     end
+  #   end
+  #
+  # To run migrations against the currently configured database, use
+  # <tt>rake db:migrate</tt>. This will update the database by running all of the
+  # pending migrations, creating the <tt>schema_migrations</tt> table
+  # (see "About the schema_migrations table" section below) if missing. It will also
+  # invoke the db:schema:dump task, which will update your db/schema.rb file
+  # to match the structure of your database.
+  #
+  # To roll the database back to a previous migration version, use
+  # <tt>rake db:migrate VERSION=X</tt> where <tt>X</tt> is the version to which
+  # you wish to downgrade. If any of the migrations throw an
+  # <tt>ActiveRecord::IrreversibleMigration</tt> exception, that step will fail and you'll
+  # have some manual work to do.
+  #
+  # == Database support
+  #
+  # Migrations are currently supported in MySQL, PostgreSQL, SQLite,
+  # SQL Server, Sybase, and Oracle (all supported databases except DB2).
+  #
+  # == More examples
+  #
+  # Not all migrations change the schema. Some just fix the data:
+  #
+  #   class RemoveEmptyTags < ActiveRecord::Migration
+  #     def up
+  #       Tag.all.each { |tag| tag.destroy if tag.pages.empty? }
+  #     end
+  #
+  #     def down
+  #       # not much we can do to restore deleted data
+  #       raise ActiveRecord::IrreversibleMigration, "Can't recover the deleted tags"
+  #     end
+  #   end
+  #
+  # Others remove columns when they migrate up instead of down:
+  #
+  #   class RemoveUnnecessaryItemAttributes < ActiveRecord::Migration
+  #     def up
+  #       remove_column :items, :incomplete_items_count
+  #       remove_column :items, :completed_items_count
+  #     end
+  #
+  #     def down
+  #       add_column :items, :incomplete_items_count
+  #       add_column :items, :completed_items_count
+  #     end
+  #   end
+  #
+  # And sometimes you need to do something in SQL not abstracted directly by migrations:
+  #
+  #   class MakeJoinUnique < ActiveRecord::Migration
+  #     def up
+  #       execute "ALTER TABLE `pages_linked_pages` ADD UNIQUE `page_id_linked_page_id` (`page_id`,`linked_page_id`)"
+  #     end
+  #
+  #     def down
+  #       execute "ALTER TABLE `pages_linked_pages` DROP INDEX `page_id_linked_page_id`"
+  #     end
+  #   end
+  #
+  # == Using a model after changing its table
+  #
+  # Sometimes you'll want to add a column in a migration and populate it
+  # immediately after. In that case, you'll need to make a call to
+  # <tt>Base#reset_column_information</tt> in order to ensure that the model has the
+  # latest column data from after the new column was added. Example:
+  #
+  #   class AddPeopleSalary < ActiveRecord::Migration
+  #     def up
+  #       add_column :people, :salary, :integer
+  #       Person.reset_column_information
+  #       Person.all.each do |p|
+  #         p.update_attribute :salary, SalaryCalculator.compute(p)
+  #       end
+  #     end
+  #   end
+  #
+  # == Controlling verbosity
+  #
+  # By default, migrations will describe the actions they are taking, writing
+  # them to the console as they happen, along with benchmarks describing how
+  # long each step took.
+  #
+  # You can quiet them down by setting ActiveRecord::Migration.verbose = false.
+  #
+  # You can also insert your own messages and benchmarks by using the +say_with_time+
+  # method:
+  #
+  #   def up
+  #     ...
+  #     say_with_time "Updating salaries..." do
+  #       Person.all.each do |p|
+  #         p.update_attribute :salary, SalaryCalculator.compute(p)
+  #       end
+  #     end
+  #     ...
+  #   end
+  #
+  # The phrase "Updating salaries..." would then be printed, along with the
+  # benchmark for the block when the block completes.
+  #
+  # == About the schema_migrations table
+  #
+  # Rails versions 2.0 and prior used to create a table called
+  # <tt>schema_info</tt> when using migrations. This table contained the
+  # version of the schema as of the last applied migration.
+  #
+  # Starting with Rails 2.1, the <tt>schema_info</tt> table is
+  # (automatically) replaced by the <tt>schema_migrations</tt> table, which
+  # contains the version numbers of all the migrations applied.
+  #
+  # As a result, it is now possible to add migration files that are numbered
+  # lower than the current schema version: when migrating up, those
+  # never-applied "interleaved" migrations will be automatically applied, and
+  # when migrating down, never-applied "interleaved" migrations will be skipped.
+  #
+  # == Timestamped Migrations
+  #
+  # By default, Rails generates migrations that look like:
+  #
+  #    20080717013526_your_migration_name.rb
+  #
+  # The prefix is a generation timestamp (in UTC).
+  #
+  # If you'd prefer to use numeric prefixes, you can turn timestamped migrations
+  # off by setting:
+  #
+  #    config.active_record.timestamped_migrations = false
+  #
+  # In application.rb.
+  #
+  # == Reversible Migrations
+  #
+  # Starting with Rails 3.1, you will be able to define reversible migrations.
+  # Reversible migrations are migrations that know how to go +down+ for you.
+  # You simply supply the +up+ logic, and the Migration system will figure out
+  # how to execute the down commands for you.
+  #
+  # To define a reversible migration, define the +change+ method in your
+  # migration like this:
+  #
+  #   class TenderloveMigration < ActiveRecord::Migration
+  #     def change
+  #       create_table(:horses) do |t|
+  #         t.column :content, :text
+  #         t.column :remind_at, :datetime
+  #       end
+  #     end
+  #   end
+  #
+  # This migration will create the horses table for you on the way up, and
+  # automatically figure out how to drop the table on the way down.
+  #
+  # Some commands like +remove_column+ cannot be reversed.  If you care to
+  # define how to move up and down in these cases, you should define the +up+
+  # and +down+ methods as before.
+  #
+  # If a command cannot be reversed, an
+  # <tt>ActiveRecord::IrreversibleMigration</tt> exception will be raised when
+  # the migration is moving down.
+  #
+  # For a list of commands that are reversible, please see
+  # <tt>ActiveRecord::Migration::CommandRecorder</tt>.
+  class Migration
+    autoload :CommandRecorder, 'active_record/migration/command_recorder'
+
+    class << self
+      attr_accessor :delegate # :nodoc:
+    end
+
+    def self.method_missing(name, *args, &block) # :nodoc:
+      (delegate || superclass.delegate).send(name, *args, &block)
+    end
+
+    def self.migrate(direction)
+      new.migrate direction
+    end
+
+    cattr_accessor :verbose
+
+    attr_accessor :name, :version
+
+    def initialize
+      @name       = self.class.name
+      @version    = nil
+      @connection = nil
+    end
+
+    # instantiate the delegate object after initialize is defined
+    self.verbose  = true
+    self.delegate = new
+
+    def up
+      self.class.delegate = self
+      return unless self.class.respond_to?(:up)
+      self.class.up
+    end
+
+    def down
+      self.class.delegate = self
+      return unless self.class.respond_to?(:down)
+      self.class.down
+    end
+
+    # Execute this migration in the named direction
+    def migrate(direction)
+      return unless respond_to?(direction)
+
+      case direction
+      when :up   then announce "migrating"
+      when :down then announce "reverting"
+      end
+
+      time   = nil
+      ActiveRecord::Base.connection_pool.with_connection do |conn|
+        @connection = conn
+        if respond_to?(:change)
+          if direction == :down
+            recorder = CommandRecorder.new(@connection)
+            suppress_messages do
+              @connection = recorder
+              change
+            end
+            @connection = conn
+            time = Benchmark.measure {
+              recorder.inverse.each do |cmd, args|
+                send(cmd, *args)
+              end
+            }
+          else
+            time = Benchmark.measure { change }
+          end
+        else
+          time = Benchmark.measure { send(direction) }
+        end
+        @connection = nil
+      end
+
+      case direction
+      when :up   then announce "migrated (%.4fs)" % time.real; write
+      when :down then announce "reverted (%.4fs)" % time.real; write
+      end
+    end
+
+    def write(text="")
+      puts(text) if verbose
+    end
+
+    def announce(message)
+      text = "#{version} #{name}: #{message}"
+      length = [0, 75 - text.length].max
+      write "== %s %s" % [text, "=" * length]
+    end
+
+    def say(message, subitem=false)
+      write "#{subitem ? "   ->" : "--"} #{message}"
+    end
+
+    def say_with_time(message)
+      say(message)
+      result = nil
+      time = Benchmark.measure { result = yield }
+      say "%.4fs" % time.real, :subitem
+      say("#{result} rows", :subitem) if result.is_a?(Integer)
+      result
+    end
+
+    def suppress_messages
+      save, self.verbose = verbose, false
+      yield
+    ensure
+      self.verbose = save
+    end
+
+    def connection
+      @connection || ActiveRecord::Base.connection
+    end
+
+    def method_missing(method, *arguments, &block)
+      arg_list = arguments.map{ |a| a.inspect } * ', '
+
+      say_with_time "#{method}(#{arg_list})" do
+        unless arguments.empty? || method == :execute
+          arguments[0] = Migrator.proper_table_name(arguments.first)
+          arguments[1] = Migrator.proper_table_name(arguments.second) if method == :rename_table
+        end
+        return super unless connection.respond_to?(method)
+        connection.send(method, *arguments, &block)
+      end
+    end
+
+    def copy(destination, sources, options = {})
+      copied = []
+
+      FileUtils.mkdir_p(destination) unless File.exists?(destination)
+
+      destination_migrations = ActiveRecord::Migrator.migrations(destination)
+      last = destination_migrations.last
+      sources.each do |scope, path|
+        source_migrations = ActiveRecord::Migrator.migrations(path)
+
+        source_migrations.each do |migration|
+          source = File.read(migration.filename)
+          source = "# This migration comes from #{scope} (originally #{migration.version})\n#{source}"
+
+          if duplicate = destination_migrations.detect { |m| m.name == migration.name }
+            if options[:on_skip] && duplicate.scope != scope.to_s
+              options[:on_skip].call(scope, migration)
+            end
+            next
+          end
+
+          migration.version = next_migration_number(last ? last.version + 1 : 0).to_i
+          new_path = File.join(destination, "#{migration.version}_#{migration.name.underscore}.#{scope}.rb")
+          old_path, migration.filename = migration.filename, new_path
+          last = migration
+
+          File.open(migration.filename, "w") { |f| f.write source }
+          copied << migration
+          options[:on_copy].call(scope, migration, old_path) if options[:on_copy]
+          destination_migrations << migration
+        end
+      end
+
+      copied
+    end
+
+    def next_migration_number(number)
+      if ActiveRecord::Base.timestamped_migrations
+        [Time.now.utc.strftime("%Y%m%d%H%M%S"), "%.14d" % number].max
+      else
+        "%.3d" % number
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  # MigrationProxy is used to defer loading of the actual migration classes
+  # until they are needed
+  class MigrationProxy < Struct.new(:name, :version, :filename, :scope)
+
+    def initialize(name, version, filename, scope)
+      super
+      @migration = nil
+    end
+
+    def basename
+      File.basename(filename)
+    end
+
+    delegate :migrate, :announce, :write, :to => :migration
+
+    private
+
+      def migration
+        @migration ||= load_migration
+      end
+
+      def load_migration
+        require(File.expand_path(filename))
+        name.constantize.new
+      end
+
+  end
+
+  class Migrator#:nodoc:
+    class << self
+      attr_writer :migrations_paths
+      alias :migrations_path= :migrations_paths=
+
+      def migrate(migrations_paths, target_version = nil, &block)
+        case
+          when target_version.nil?
+            up(migrations_paths, target_version, &block)
+          when current_version == 0 && target_version == 0
+            []
+          when current_version > target_version
+            down(migrations_paths, target_version, &block)
+          else
+            up(migrations_paths, target_version, &block)
+        end
+      end
+
+      def rollback(migrations_paths, steps=1)
+        move(:down, migrations_paths, steps)
+      end
+
+      def forward(migrations_paths, steps=1)
+        move(:up, migrations_paths, steps)
+      end
+
+      def up(migrations_paths, target_version = nil, &block)
+        self.new(:up, migrations_paths, target_version).migrate(&block)
+      end
+
+      def down(migrations_paths, target_version = nil, &block)
+        self.new(:down, migrations_paths, target_version).migrate(&block)
+      end
+
+      def run(direction, migrations_paths, target_version)
+        self.new(direction, migrations_paths, target_version).run
+      end
+
+      def schema_migrations_table_name
+        Base.table_name_prefix + 'schema_migrations' + Base.table_name_suffix
+      end
+
+      def get_all_versions
+        table = Arel::Table.new(schema_migrations_table_name)
+        Base.connection.select_values(table.project(table['version'])).map{ |v| v.to_i }.sort
+      end
+
+      def current_version
+        sm_table = schema_migrations_table_name
+        if Base.connection.table_exists?(sm_table)
+          get_all_versions.max || 0
+        else
+          0
+        end
+      end
+
+      def proper_table_name(name)
+        # Use the Active Record objects own table_name, or pre/suffix from ActiveRecord::Base if name is a symbol/string
+        name.table_name rescue "#{ActiveRecord::Base.table_name_prefix}#{name}#{ActiveRecord::Base.table_name_suffix}"
+      end
+
+      def migrations_paths
+        @migrations_paths ||= ['db/migrate']
+        # just to not break things if someone uses: migration_path = some_string
+        Array.wrap(@migrations_paths)
+      end
+
+      def migrations_path
+        migrations_paths.first
+      end
+
+      def migrations(paths, *args)
+        if args.empty?
+          subdirectories = true
+        else
+          subdirectories = args.first
+          ActiveSupport::Deprecation.warn "The `subdirectories` argument to `migrations` is deprecated"
+        end
+
+        paths = Array.wrap(paths)
+
+        glob = subdirectories ? "**/" : ""
+        files = Dir[*paths.map { |p| "#{p}/#{glob}[0-9]*_*.rb" }]
+
+        seen = Hash.new false
+
+        migrations = files.map do |file|
+          version, name, scope = file.scan(/([0-9]+)_([_a-z0-9]*)\.?([_a-z0-9]*)?.rb/).first
+
+          raise IllegalMigrationNameError.new(file) unless version
+          version = version.to_i
+          name = name.camelize
+
+          raise DuplicateMigrationVersionError.new(version) if seen[version]
+          raise DuplicateMigrationNameError.new(name) if seen[name]
+
+          seen[version] = seen[name] = true
+
+          MigrationProxy.new(name, version, file, scope)
+        end
+
+        migrations.sort_by(&:version)
+      end
+
+      private
+
+      def move(direction, migrations_paths, steps)
+        migrator = self.new(direction, migrations_paths)
+        start_index = migrator.migrations.index(migrator.current_migration)
+
+        if start_index
+          finish = migrator.migrations[start_index + steps]
+          version = finish ? finish.version : 0
+          send(direction, migrations_paths, version)
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    def initialize(direction, migrations_paths, target_version = nil)
+      raise StandardError.new("This database does not yet support migrations") unless Base.connection.supports_migrations?
+      Base.connection.initialize_schema_migrations_table
+      @direction, @migrations_paths, @target_version = direction, migrations_paths, target_version
+    end
+
+    def current_version
+      migrated.last || 0
+    end
+
+    def current_migration
+      migrations.detect { |m| m.version == current_version }
+    end
+
+    def run
+      target = migrations.detect { |m| m.version == @target_version }
+      raise UnknownMigrationVersionError.new(@target_version) if target.nil?
+      unless (up? && migrated.include?(target.version.to_i)) || (down? && !migrated.include?(target.version.to_i))
+        target.migrate(@direction)
+        record_version_state_after_migrating(target.version)
+      end
+    end
+
+    def migrate(&block)
+      current = migrations.detect { |m| m.version == current_version }
+      target = migrations.detect { |m| m.version == @target_version }
+
+      if target.nil? && @target_version && @target_version > 0
+        raise UnknownMigrationVersionError.new(@target_version)
+      end
+
+      start = up? ? 0 : (migrations.index(current) || 0)
+      finish = migrations.index(target) || migrations.size - 1
+      runnable = migrations[start..finish]
+
+      # skip the last migration if we're headed down, but not ALL the way down
+      runnable.pop if down? && target
+
+      ran = []
+      runnable.each do |migration|
+        if block && !block.call(migration)
+          next
+        end
+
+        Base.logger.info "Migrating to #{migration.name} (#{migration.version})" if Base.logger
+
+        seen = migrated.include?(migration.version.to_i)
+
+        # On our way up, we skip migrating the ones we've already migrated
+        next if up? && seen
+
+        # On our way down, we skip reverting the ones we've never migrated
+        if down? && !seen
+          migration.announce 'never migrated, skipping'; migration.write
+          next
+        end
+
+        begin
+          ddl_transaction do
+            migration.migrate(@direction)
+            record_version_state_after_migrating(migration.version)
+          end
+          ran << migration
+        rescue => e
+          canceled_msg = Base.connection.supports_ddl_transactions? ? "this and " : ""
+          raise StandardError, "An error has occurred, #{canceled_msg}all later migrations canceled:\n\n#{e}", e.backtrace
+        end
+      end
+      ran
+    end
+
+    def migrations
+      @migrations ||= begin
+        migrations = self.class.migrations(@migrations_paths)
+        down? ? migrations.reverse : migrations
+      end
+    end
+
+    def pending_migrations
+      already_migrated = migrated
+      migrations.reject { |m| already_migrated.include?(m.version.to_i) }
+    end
+
+    def migrated
+      @migrated_versions ||= self.class.get_all_versions
+    end
+
+    private
+      def record_version_state_after_migrating(version)
+        table = Arel::Table.new(self.class.schema_migrations_table_name)
+
+        @migrated_versions ||= []
+        if down?
+          @migrated_versions.delete(version)
+          stmt = table.where(table["version"].eq(version.to_s)).compile_delete
+          Base.connection.delete stmt
+        else
+          @migrated_versions.push(version).sort!
+          stmt = table.compile_insert table["version"] => version.to_s
+          Base.connection.insert stmt
+        end
+      end
+
+      def up?
+        @direction == :up
+      end
+
+      def down?
+        @direction == :down
+      end
+
+      # Wrap the migration in a transaction only if supported by the adapter.
+      def ddl_transaction(&block)
+        if Base.connection.supports_ddl_transactions?
+          Base.transaction { block.call }
+        else
+          block.call
+        end
+      end
+  end
+end