spree 0.2.0 → 0.4.0

data/vendor/rails/activerecord/install.rb

@@ -1,30 +0,0 @@
-require 'rbconfig'
-require 'find'
-require 'ftools'
-
-include Config
-
-# this was adapted from rdoc's install.rb by ways of Log4r
-
-$sitedir = CONFIG["sitelibdir"]
-unless $sitedir
-  version = CONFIG["MAJOR"] + "." + CONFIG["MINOR"]
-  $libdir = File.join(CONFIG["libdir"], "ruby", version)
-  $sitedir = $:.find {|x| x =~ /site_ruby/ }
-  if !$sitedir
-    $sitedir = File.join($libdir, "site_ruby")
-  elsif $sitedir !~ Regexp.quote(version)
-    $sitedir = File.join($sitedir, version)
-  end
-end
-
-# the actual gruntwork
-Dir.chdir("lib")
-
-Find.find("active_record", "active_record.rb") { |f|
-  if f[-3..-1] == ".rb"
-    File::install(f, File.join($sitedir, *f.split(/\//)), 0644, true)
-  else
-    File::makedirs(File.join($sitedir, *f.split(/\//)))
-  end
-}

data/vendor/rails/activerecord/lib/active_record.rb

@@ -1,76 +0,0 @@
-#--
-# Copyright (c) 2004-2007 David Heinemeier Hansson
-#
-# Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
-# a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
-# "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
-# without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
-# distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
-# permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
-# the following conditions:
-#
-# The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
-# included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
-#
-# THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
-# EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
-# MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
-# NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE
-# LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION
-# OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
-# WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
-#++
-
-$:.unshift(File.dirname(__FILE__)) unless
-  $:.include?(File.dirname(__FILE__)) || $:.include?(File.expand_path(File.dirname(__FILE__)))
-
-unless defined? ActiveSupport
-  active_support_path = File.dirname(__FILE__) + "/../../activesupport/lib"
-  if File.exist?(active_support_path)
-    $:.unshift active_support_path
-    require 'active_support'
-  else
-    require 'rubygems'
-    gem 'activesupport'
-    require 'active_support'
-  end
-end
-
-require 'active_record/base'
-require 'active_record/observer'
-require 'active_record/query_cache'
-require 'active_record/validations'
-require 'active_record/callbacks'
-require 'active_record/reflection'
-require 'active_record/associations'
-require 'active_record/aggregations'
-require 'active_record/transactions'
-require 'active_record/timestamp'
-require 'active_record/locking/optimistic'
-require 'active_record/locking/pessimistic'
-require 'active_record/migration'
-require 'active_record/schema'
-require 'active_record/calculations'
-require 'active_record/serialization'
-require 'active_record/attribute_methods'
-
-ActiveRecord::Base.class_eval do
-  extend ActiveRecord::QueryCache
-  include ActiveRecord::Validations
-  include ActiveRecord::Locking::Optimistic
-  include ActiveRecord::Locking::Pessimistic
-  include ActiveRecord::Callbacks
-  include ActiveRecord::Observing
-  include ActiveRecord::Timestamp
-  include ActiveRecord::Associations
-  include ActiveRecord::Aggregations
-  include ActiveRecord::Transactions
-  include ActiveRecord::Reflection
-  include ActiveRecord::Calculations
-  include ActiveRecord::Serialization
-  include ActiveRecord::AttributeMethods
-end
-
-require 'active_record/connection_adapters/abstract_adapter'
-
-require 'active_record/schema_dumper'

data/vendor/rails/activerecord/lib/active_record/aggregations.rb

@@ -1,180 +0,0 @@
-module ActiveRecord
-  module Aggregations # :nodoc:
-    def self.included(base)
-      base.extend(ClassMethods)
-    end
-
-    def clear_aggregation_cache #:nodoc:
-      self.class.reflect_on_all_aggregations.to_a.each do |assoc|
-        instance_variable_set "@#{assoc.name}", nil
-      end unless self.new_record?
-    end
-
-    # Active Record implements aggregation through a macro-like class method called +composed_of+ for representing attributes 
-    # as value objects. It expresses relationships like "Account [is] composed of Money [among other things]" or "Person [is]
-    # composed of [an] address". Each call to the macro adds a description of how the value objects are created from the 
-    # attributes of the entity object (when the entity is initialized either as a new object or from finding an existing object) 
-    # and how it can be turned back into attributes (when the entity is saved to the database). Example:
-    #
-    #   class Customer < ActiveRecord::Base
-    #     composed_of :balance, :class_name => "Money", :mapping => %w(balance amount)
-    #     composed_of :address, :mapping => [ %w(address_street street), %w(address_city city) ]
-    #   end
-    #
-    # The customer class now has the following methods to manipulate the value objects:
-    # * <tt>Customer#balance, Customer#balance=(money)</tt>
-    # * <tt>Customer#address, Customer#address=(address)</tt>
-    #
-    # These methods will operate with value objects like the ones described below:
-    #
-    #  class Money
-    #    include Comparable
-    #    attr_reader :amount, :currency
-    #    EXCHANGE_RATES = { "USD_TO_DKK" => 6 }  
-    # 
-    #    def initialize(amount, currency = "USD") 
-    #      @amount, @currency = amount, currency 
-    #    end
-    #
-    #    def exchange_to(other_currency)
-    #      exchanged_amount = (amount * EXCHANGE_RATES["#{currency}_TO_#{other_currency}"]).floor
-    #      Money.new(exchanged_amount, other_currency)
-    #    end
-    #
-    #    def ==(other_money)
-    #      amount == other_money.amount && currency == other_money.currency
-    #    end
-    #
-    #    def <=>(other_money)
-    #      if currency == other_money.currency
-    #        amount <=> amount
-    #      else
-    #        amount <=> other_money.exchange_to(currency).amount
-    #      end
-    #    end
-    #  end
-    #
-    #  class Address
-    #    attr_reader :street, :city
-    #    def initialize(street, city) 
-    #      @street, @city = street, city 
-    #    end
-    #
-    #    def close_to?(other_address) 
-    #      city == other_address.city 
-    #    end
-    #
-    #    def ==(other_address)
-    #      city == other_address.city && street == other_address.street
-    #    end
-    #  end
-    #  
-    # Now it's possible to access attributes from the database through the value objects instead. If you choose to name the
-    # composition the same as the attribute's name, it will be the only way to access that attribute. That's the case with our
-    # +balance+ attribute. You interact with the value objects just like you would any other attribute, though:
-    #
-    #   customer.balance = Money.new(20)     # sets the Money value object and the attribute
-    #   customer.balance                     # => Money value object
-    #   customer.balance.exchanged_to("DKK") # => Money.new(120, "DKK")
-    #   customer.balance > Money.new(10)     # => true
-    #   customer.balance == Money.new(20)    # => true
-    #   customer.balance < Money.new(5)      # => false
-    #
-    # Value objects can also be composed of multiple attributes, such as the case of Address. The order of the mappings will
-    # determine the order of the parameters. Example:
-    #
-    #   customer.address_street = "Hyancintvej"
-    #   customer.address_city   = "Copenhagen"
-    #   customer.address        # => Address.new("Hyancintvej", "Copenhagen")
-    #   customer.address = Address.new("May Street", "Chicago")
-    #   customer.address_street # => "May Street" 
-    #   customer.address_city   # => "Chicago" 
-    #
-    # == Writing value objects
-    #
-    # Value objects are immutable and interchangeable objects that represent a given value, such as a +Money+ object representing
-    # $5. Two +Money+ objects both representing $5 should be equal (through methods such as == and <=> from +Comparable+ if ranking
-    # makes sense). This is unlike entity objects where equality is determined by identity. An entity class such as +Customer+ can
-    # easily have two different objects that both have an address on Hyancintvej. Entity identity is determined by object or
-    # relational unique identifiers (such as primary keys). Normal <tt>ActiveRecord::Base</tt> classes are entity objects.
-    #
-    # It's also important to treat the value objects as immutable. Don't allow the +Money+ object to have its amount changed after
-    # creation. Create a new +Money+ object with the new value instead. This is exemplified by the <tt>Money#exchanged_to</tt> method that
-    # returns a new value object instead of changing its own values. Active Record won't persist value objects that have been
-    # changed through means other than the writer method.
-    #
-    # The immutable requirement is enforced by Active Record by freezing any object assigned as a value object. Attempting to 
-    # change it afterwards will result in a <tt>TypeError</tt>.
-    # 
-    # Read more about value objects on http://c2.com/cgi/wiki?ValueObject and on the dangers of not keeping value objects
-    # immutable on http://c2.com/cgi/wiki?ValueObjectsShouldBeImmutable
-    module ClassMethods
-      # Adds reader and writer methods for manipulating a value object:
-      # <tt>composed_of :address</tt> adds <tt>address</tt> and <tt>address=(new_address)</tt> methods.
-      #
-      # Options are:
-      # * <tt>:class_name</tt>  - specify the class name of the association. Use it only if that name can't be inferred
-      #   from the part id. So <tt>composed_of :address</tt> will by default be linked to the +Address+ class, but
-      #   if the real class name is +CompanyAddress+, you'll have to specify it with this option.
-      # * <tt>:mapping</tt> - specifies a number of mapping arrays (attribute, parameter) that bind an attribute name
-      #   to a constructor parameter on the value class.
-      # * <tt>:allow_nil</tt> - specifies that the aggregate object will not be instantiated when all mapped
-      #   attributes are +nil+.  Setting the aggregate class to +nil+ has the effect of writing +nil+ to all mapped attributes.
-      #   This defaults to +false+.
-      #
-      # An optional block can be passed to convert the argument that is passed to the writer method into an instance of
-      # <tt>:class_name</tt>. The block will only be called if the argument is not already an instance of <tt>:class_name</tt>.
-      #
-      # Option examples:
-      #   composed_of :temperature, :mapping => %w(reading celsius)
-      #   composed_of(:balance, :class_name => "Money", :mapping => %w(balance amount)) {|balance| balance.to_money }
-      #   composed_of :address, :mapping => [ %w(address_street street), %w(address_city city) ]
-      #   composed_of :gps_location
-      #   composed_of :gps_location, :allow_nil => true
-      #
-      def composed_of(part_id, options = {}, &block)
-        options.assert_valid_keys(:class_name, :mapping, :allow_nil)
-
-        name        = part_id.id2name
-        class_name  = options[:class_name] || name.camelize
-        mapping     = options[:mapping]    || [ name, name ]
-        mapping     = [ mapping ] unless mapping.first.is_a?(Array)
-        allow_nil   = options[:allow_nil]  || false
-
-        reader_method(name, class_name, mapping, allow_nil)
-        writer_method(name, class_name, mapping, allow_nil, block)
-        
-        create_reflection(:composed_of, part_id, options, self)
-      end
-
-      private
-        def reader_method(name, class_name, mapping, allow_nil)
-          module_eval do
-            define_method(name) do |*args|
-              force_reload = args.first || false
-              if (instance_variable_get("@#{name}").nil? || force_reload) && (!allow_nil || mapping.any? {|pair| !read_attribute(pair.first).nil? })
-                instance_variable_set("@#{name}", class_name.constantize.new(*mapping.collect {|pair| read_attribute(pair.first)}))
-              end
-              return instance_variable_get("@#{name}")
-            end
-          end
-
-        end
-
-        def writer_method(name, class_name, mapping, allow_nil, conversion)
-          module_eval do
-            define_method("#{name}=") do |part|
-              if part.nil? && allow_nil
-                mapping.each { |pair| @attributes[pair.first] = nil }
-                instance_variable_set("@#{name}", nil)
-              else
-                part = conversion.call(part) unless part.is_a?(class_name.constantize) || conversion.nil?
-                mapping.each { |pair| @attributes[pair.first] = part.send(pair.last) }
-                instance_variable_set("@#{name}", part.freeze)
-              end
-            end
-          end
-        end
-    end
-  end
-end

data/vendor/rails/activerecord/lib/active_record/associations.rb

@@ -1,1769 +0,0 @@
-require 'active_record/associations/association_proxy'
-require 'active_record/associations/association_collection'
-require 'active_record/associations/belongs_to_association'
-require 'active_record/associations/belongs_to_polymorphic_association'
-require 'active_record/associations/has_one_association'
-require 'active_record/associations/has_many_association'
-require 'active_record/associations/has_many_through_association'
-require 'active_record/associations/has_and_belongs_to_many_association'
-
-module ActiveRecord
-  class HasManyThroughAssociationNotFoundError < ActiveRecordError #:nodoc:
-    def initialize(owner_class_name, reflection)
-      super("Could not find the association #{reflection.options[:through].inspect} in model #{owner_class_name}")
-    end
-  end
-
-  class HasManyThroughAssociationPolymorphicError < ActiveRecordError #:nodoc:
-    def initialize(owner_class_name, reflection, source_reflection)
-      super("Cannot have a has_many :through association '#{owner_class_name}##{reflection.name}' on the polymorphic object '#{source_reflection.class_name}##{source_reflection.name}'.")
-    end
-  end
-  
-  class HasManyThroughAssociationPointlessSourceTypeError < ActiveRecordError #:nodoc:
-    def initialize(owner_class_name, reflection, source_reflection)
-      super("Cannot have a has_many :through association '#{owner_class_name}##{reflection.name}' with a :source_type option if the '#{reflection.through_reflection.class_name}##{source_reflection.name}' is not polymorphic.  Try removing :source_type on your association.")
-    end
-  end
-  
-  class HasManyThroughSourceAssociationNotFoundError < ActiveRecordError #:nodoc:
-    def initialize(reflection)
-      through_reflection      = reflection.through_reflection
-      source_reflection_names = reflection.source_reflection_names
-      source_associations     = reflection.through_reflection.klass.reflect_on_all_associations.collect { |a| a.name.inspect }
-      super("Could not find the source association(s) #{source_reflection_names.collect(&:inspect).to_sentence :connector => 'or'} in model #{through_reflection.klass}.  Try 'has_many #{reflection.name.inspect}, :through => #{through_reflection.name.inspect}, :source => <name>'.  Is it one of #{source_associations.to_sentence :connector => 'or'}?")
-    end
-  end
-
-  class HasManyThroughSourceAssociationMacroError < ActiveRecordError #:nodoc:
-    def initialize(reflection)
-      through_reflection = reflection.through_reflection
-      source_reflection  = reflection.source_reflection
-      super("Invalid source reflection macro :#{source_reflection.macro}#{" :through" if source_reflection.options[:through]} for has_many #{reflection.name.inspect}, :through => #{through_reflection.name.inspect}.  Use :source to specify the source reflection.")
-    end
-  end
-
-  class HasManyThroughCantAssociateNewRecords < ActiveRecordError #:nodoc:
-    def initialize(owner, reflection)
-      super("Cannot associate new records through '#{owner.class.name}##{reflection.name}' on '#{reflection.source_reflection.class_name rescue nil}##{reflection.source_reflection.name rescue nil}'. Both records must have an id in order to create the has_many :through record associating them.")
-    end
-  end
-
-  class HasManyThroughCantDissociateNewRecords < ActiveRecordError #:nodoc:
-    def initialize(owner, reflection)
-      super("Cannot dissociate new records through '#{owner.class.name}##{reflection.name}' on '#{reflection.source_reflection.class_name rescue nil}##{reflection.source_reflection.name rescue nil}'. Both records must have an id in order to delete the has_many :through record associating them.")
-    end
-  end
-
-  class EagerLoadPolymorphicError < ActiveRecordError #:nodoc:
-    def initialize(reflection)
-      super("Can not eagerly load the polymorphic association #{reflection.name.inspect}")
-    end
-  end
-
-  class ReadOnlyAssociation < ActiveRecordError #:nodoc:
-    def initialize(reflection)
-      super("Can not add to a has_many :through association.  Try adding to #{reflection.through_reflection.name.inspect}.")
-    end
-  end
-
-  module Associations # :nodoc:
-    def self.included(base)
-      base.extend(ClassMethods)
-    end
-
-    # Clears out the association cache 
-    def clear_association_cache #:nodoc:
-      self.class.reflect_on_all_associations.to_a.each do |assoc|
-        instance_variable_set "@#{assoc.name}", nil
-      end unless self.new_record?
-    end
-    
-    # Associations are a set of macro-like class methods for tying objects together through foreign keys. They express relationships like 
-    # "Project has one Project Manager" or "Project belongs to a Portfolio". Each macro adds a number of methods to the class which are 
-    # specialized according to the collection or association symbol and the options hash. It works much the same way as Ruby's own <tt>attr*</tt> 
-    # methods. Example:
-    #
-    #   class Project < ActiveRecord::Base
-    #     belongs_to              :portfolio
-    #     has_one                 :project_manager 
-    #     has_many                :milestones
-    #     has_and_belongs_to_many :categories
-    #   end
-    #
-    # The project class now has the following methods (and more) to ease the traversal and manipulation of its relationships:
-    # * <tt>Project#portfolio, Project#portfolio=(portfolio), Project#portfolio.nil?</tt>
-    # * <tt>Project#project_manager, Project#project_manager=(project_manager), Project#project_manager.nil?,</tt>
-    # * <tt>Project#milestones.empty?, Project#milestones.size, Project#milestones, Project#milestones<<(milestone),</tt>
-    #   <tt>Project#milestones.delete(milestone), Project#milestones.find(milestone_id), Project#milestones.find(:all, options),</tt>
-    #   <tt>Project#milestones.build, Project#milestones.create</tt>
-    # * <tt>Project#categories.empty?, Project#categories.size, Project#categories, Project#categories<<(category1),</tt>
-    #   <tt>Project#categories.delete(category1)</tt>
-    #
-    # === A word of warning
-    #
-    # Don't create associations that have the same name as instance methods of ActiveRecord::Base. Since the association
-    # adds a method with that name to its model, it will override the inherited method and break things.
-    # For instance, #attributes and #connection would be bad choices for association names.
-    #
-    # == Auto-generated methods
-    #
-    # ===Singular associations (one-to-one)
-    #                                     |            |  belongs_to  |
-    #   generated methods                 | belongs_to | :polymorphic | has_one
-    #   ----------------------------------+------------+--------------+---------
-    #   #other                            |     X      |      X       |    X
-    #   #other=(other)                    |     X      |      X       |    X
-    #   #build_other(attributes={})       |     X      |              |    X
-    #   #create_other(attributes={})      |     X      |              |    X
-    #   #other.create!(attributes={})     |            |              |    X
-    #   #other.nil?                       |     X      |      X       |    
-    #
-    # ===Collection associations (one-to-many / many-to-many)
-    #                                     |       |          | has_many
-    #   generated methods                 | habtm | has_many | :through  
-    #   ----------------------------------+-------+----------+----------
-    #   #others                           |   X   |    X     |    X
-    #   #others=(other,other,...)         |   X   |    X     |    
-    #   #other_ids                        |   X   |    X     |    X
-    #   #other_ids=(id,id,...)            |   X   |    X     |    
-    #   #others<<                         |   X   |    X     |    X
-    #   #others.push                      |   X   |    X     |    X
-    #   #others.concat                    |   X   |    X     |    X
-    #   #others.build(attributes={})      |   X   |    X     |    X
-    #   #others.create(attributes={})     |   X   |    X     |    
-    #   #others.create!(attributes={})    |   X   |    X     |    X
-    #   #others.size                      |   X   |    X     |    X
-    #   #others.length                    |   X   |    X     |    X
-    #   #others.count                     |       |    X     |    X
-    #   #others.sum(args*,&block)         |   X   |    X     |    X
-    #   #others.empty?                    |   X   |    X     |    X
-    #   #others.clear                     |   X   |    X     |    
-    #   #others.delete(other,other,...)   |   X   |    X     |    X
-    #   #others.delete_all                |   X   |    X     |    
-    #   #others.destroy_all               |   X   |    X     |    X
-    #   #others.find(*args)               |   X   |    X     |    X
-    #   #others.find_first                |   X   |          |    
-    #   #others.uniq                      |   X   |    X     |    
-    #   #others.reset                     |   X   |    X     |    X
-    #
-    # == Cardinality and associations
-    # 
-    # ActiveRecord associations can be used to describe relations with one-to-one, one-to-many
-    # and many-to-many cardinality. Each model uses an association to describe its role in
-    # the relation. In each case, the +belongs_to+ association is used in the model that has
-    # the foreign key.
-    #
-    # === One-to-one
-    #
-    # Use +has_one+ in the base, and +belongs_to+ in the associated model.
-    #
-    #   class Employee < ActiveRecord::Base
-    #     has_one :office
-    #   end
-    #   class Office < ActiveRecord::Base
-    #     belongs_to :employee    # foreign key - employee_id
-    #   end
-    #
-    # === One-to-many
-    #
-    # Use +has_many+ in the base, and +belongs_to+ in the associated model.
-    #
-    #   class Manager < ActiveRecord::Base
-    #     has_many :employees
-    #   end
-    #   class Employee < ActiveRecord::Base
-    #     belongs_to :manager     # foreign key - manager_id
-    #   end
-    #
-    # === Many-to-many
-    #
-    # There are two ways to build a many-to-many relationship.
-    #
-    # The first way uses a +has_many+ association with the <tt>:through</tt> option and a join model, so
-    # there are two stages of associations.
-    #
-    #   class Assignment < ActiveRecord::Base
-    #     belongs_to :programmer  # foreign key - programmer_id
-    #     belongs_to :project     # foreign key - project_id
-    #   end
-    #   class Programmer < ActiveRecord::Base
-    #     has_many :assignments
-    #     has_many :projects, :through => :assignments
-    #   end
-    #   class Project < ActiveRecord::Base
-    #     has_many :assignments
-    #     has_many :programmers, :through => :assignments
-    #   end
-    #
-    # For the second way, use +has_and_belongs_to_many+ in both models. This requires a join table
-    # that has no corresponding model or primary key.
-    #
-    #   class Programmer < ActiveRecord::Base
-    #     has_and_belongs_to_many :projects       # foreign keys in the join table
-    #   end
-    #   class Project < ActiveRecord::Base
-    #     has_and_belongs_to_many :programmers    # foreign keys in the join table
-    #   end
-    #
-    # Choosing which way to build a many-to-many relationship is not always simple.
-    # If you need to work with the relationship model as its own entity, 
-    # use <tt>has_many :through</tt>. Use +has_and_belongs_to_many+ when working with legacy schemas or when
-    # you never work directly with the relationship itself.
-    #
-    # == Is it a +belongs_to+ or +has_one+ association?
-    #
-    # Both express a 1-1 relationship. The difference is mostly where to place the foreign key, which goes on the table for the class
-    # declaring the +belongs_to+ relationship. Example:
-    #
-    #   class User < ActiveRecord::Base
-    #     # I reference an account.
-    #     belongs_to :account
-    #   end
-    #
-    #   class Account < ActiveRecord::Base
-    #     # One user references me.
-    #     has_one :user
-    #   end
-    #
-    # The tables for these classes could look something like:
-    #
-    #   CREATE TABLE users (
-    #     id int(11) NOT NULL auto_increment,
-    #     account_id int(11) default NULL,
-    #     name varchar default NULL,
-    #     PRIMARY KEY  (id)
-    #   )
-    #
-    #   CREATE TABLE accounts (
-    #     id int(11) NOT NULL auto_increment,
-    #     name varchar default NULL,
-    #     PRIMARY KEY  (id)
-    #   )
-    #
-    # == Unsaved objects and associations
-    #
-    # You can manipulate objects and associations before they are saved to the database, but there is some special behavior you should be
-    # aware of, mostly involving the saving of associated objects.
-    #
-    # === One-to-one associations
-    #
-    # * Assigning an object to a +has_one+ association automatically saves that object and the object being replaced (if there is one), in
-    #   order to update their primary keys - except if the parent object is unsaved (<tt>new_record? == true</tt>).
-    # * If either of these saves fail (due to one of the objects being invalid) the assignment statement returns +false+ and the assignment
-    #   is cancelled.
-    # * If you wish to assign an object to a +has_one+ association without saving it, use the <tt>#association.build</tt> method (documented below).
-    # * Assigning an object to a +belongs_to+ association does not save the object, since the foreign key field belongs on the parent. It 
-    #   does not save the parent either.
-    #
-    # === Collections
-    #
-    # * Adding an object to a collection (+has_many+ or +has_and_belongs_to_many+) automatically saves that object, except if the parent object
-    #   (the owner of the collection) is not yet stored in the database.
-    # * If saving any of the objects being added to a collection (via <tt>#push</tt> or similar) fails, then <tt>#push</tt> returns +false+.
-    # * You can add an object to a collection without automatically saving it by using the <tt>#collection.build</tt> method (documented below).
-    # * All unsaved (<tt>new_record? == true</tt>) members of the collection are automatically saved when the parent is saved.
-    #
-    # === Association callbacks
-    #
-    # Similar to the normal callbacks that hook into the lifecycle of an Active Record object, you can also define callbacks that get
-    # triggered when you add an object to or remove an object from an association collection. Example:
-    #
-    #   class Project
-    #     has_and_belongs_to_many :developers, :after_add => :evaluate_velocity
-    #
-    #     def evaluate_velocity(developer)
-    #       ...
-    #     end
-    #   end 
-    #
-    # It's possible to stack callbacks by passing them as an array. Example:
-    # 
-    #   class Project
-    #     has_and_belongs_to_many :developers, :after_add => [:evaluate_velocity, Proc.new { |p, d| p.shipping_date = Time.now}]
-    #   end
-    #
-    # Possible callbacks are: +before_add+, +after_add+, +before_remove+ and +after_remove+.
-    #
-    # Should any of the +before_add+ callbacks throw an exception, the object does not get added to the collection. Same with
-    # the +before_remove+ callbacks; if an exception is thrown the object doesn't get removed.
-    #
-    # === Association extensions
-    #
-    # The proxy objects that control the access to associations can be extended through anonymous modules. This is especially
-    # beneficial for adding new finders, creators, and other factory-type methods that are only used as part of this association.
-    # Example:
-    #
-    #   class Account < ActiveRecord::Base
-    #     has_many :people do
-    #       def find_or_create_by_name(name)
-    #         first_name, last_name = name.split(" ", 2)
-    #         find_or_create_by_first_name_and_last_name(first_name, last_name)
-    #       end
-    #     end
-    #   end
-    #
-    #   person = Account.find(:first).people.find_or_create_by_name("David Heinemeier Hansson")
-    #   person.first_name # => "David"
-    #   person.last_name  # => "Heinemeier Hansson"
-    #
-    # If you need to share the same extensions between many associations, you can use a named extension module. Example:
-    #
-    #   module FindOrCreateByNameExtension
-    #     def find_or_create_by_name(name)
-    #       first_name, last_name = name.split(" ", 2)
-    #       find_or_create_by_first_name_and_last_name(first_name, last_name)
-    #     end
-    #   end
-    #
-    #   class Account < ActiveRecord::Base
-    #     has_many :people, :extend => FindOrCreateByNameExtension
-    #   end
-    #
-    #   class Company < ActiveRecord::Base
-    #     has_many :people, :extend => FindOrCreateByNameExtension
-    #   end
-    #
-    # If you need to use multiple named extension modules, you can specify an array of modules with the <tt>:extend</tt> option.
-    # In the case of name conflicts between methods in the modules, methods in modules later in the array supercede
-    # those earlier in the array. Example:
-    #
-    #   class Account < ActiveRecord::Base
-    #     has_many :people, :extend => [FindOrCreateByNameExtension, FindRecentExtension]
-    #   end
-    #
-    # Some extensions can only be made to work with knowledge of the association proxy's internals.
-    # Extensions can access relevant state using accessors on the association proxy:
-    # 
-    # * +proxy_owner+ - Returns the object the association is part of.
-    # * +proxy_reflection+ - Returns the reflection object that describes the association.
-    # * +proxy_target+ - Returns the associated object for +belongs_to+ and +has_one+, or the collection of associated objects for +has_many+ and +has_and_belongs_to_many+.
-    #
-    # === Association Join Models
-    # 
-    # Has Many associations can be configured with the <tt>:through</tt> option to use an explicit join model to retrieve the data.  This
-    # operates similarly to a +has_and_belongs_to_many+ association.  The advantage is that you're able to add validations,
-    # callbacks, and extra attributes on the join model.  Consider the following schema:
-    # 
-    #   class Author < ActiveRecord::Base
-    #     has_many :authorships
-    #     has_many :books, :through => :authorships
-    #   end
-    # 
-    #   class Authorship < ActiveRecord::Base
-    #     belongs_to :author
-    #     belongs_to :book
-    #   end
-    # 
-    #   @author = Author.find :first
-    #   @author.authorships.collect { |a| a.book } # selects all books that the author's authorships belong to.
-    #   @author.books                              # selects all books by using the Authorship join model
-    # 
-    # You can also go through a +has_many+ association on the join model:
-    # 
-    #   class Firm < ActiveRecord::Base
-    #     has_many   :clients
-    #     has_many   :invoices, :through => :clients
-    #   end
-    #   
-    #   class Client < ActiveRecord::Base
-    #     belongs_to :firm
-    #     has_many   :invoices
-    #   end
-    #   
-    #   class Invoice < ActiveRecord::Base
-    #     belongs_to :client
-    #   end
-    #
-    #   @firm = Firm.find :first
-    #   @firm.clients.collect { |c| c.invoices }.flatten # select all invoices for all clients of the firm
-    #   @firm.invoices                                   # selects all invoices by going through the Client join model.
-    #
-    # === Polymorphic Associations
-    # 
-    # Polymorphic associations on models are not restricted on what types of models they can be associated with.  Rather, they 
-    # specify an interface that a +has_many+ association must adhere to.
-    # 
-    #   class Asset < ActiveRecord::Base
-    #     belongs_to :attachable, :polymorphic => true
-    #   end
-    # 
-    #   class Post < ActiveRecord::Base
-    #     has_many :assets, :as => :attachable         # The :as option specifies the polymorphic interface to use.
-    #   end
-    #
-    #   @asset.attachable = @post
-    # 
-    # This works by using a type column in addition to a foreign key to specify the associated record.  In the Asset example, you'd need
-    # an +attachable_id+ integer column and an +attachable_type+ string column.
-    #
-    # Using polymorphic associations in combination with single table inheritance (STI) is a little tricky. In order
-    # for the associations to work as expected, ensure that you store the base model for the STI models in the 
-    # type column of the polymorphic association. To continue with the asset example above, suppose there are guest posts
-    # and member posts that use the posts table for STI. In this case, there must be a +type+ column in the posts table.
-    #
-    #   class Asset < ActiveRecord::Base
-    #     belongs_to :attachable, :polymorphic => true
-    #     
-    #     def attachable_type=(sType)
-    #        super(sType.to_s.classify.constantize.base_class.to_s)
-    #     end
-    #   end
-    # 
-    #   class Post < ActiveRecord::Base
-    #     # because we store "Post" in attachable_type now :dependent => :destroy will work
-    #     has_many :assets, :as => :attachable, :dependent => :destroy
-    #   end
-    #
-    #   class GuestPost < Post
-    #   end
-    #
-    #   class MemberPost < Post
-    #   end
-    #
-    # == Caching
-    #
-    # All of the methods are built on a simple caching principle that will keep the result of the last query around unless specifically
-    # instructed not to. The cache is even shared across methods to make it even cheaper to use the macro-added methods without 
-    # worrying too much about performance at the first go. Example:
-    #
-    #   project.milestones             # fetches milestones from the database
-    #   project.milestones.size        # uses the milestone cache
-    #   project.milestones.empty?      # uses the milestone cache
-    #   project.milestones(true).size  # fetches milestones from the database
-    #   project.milestones             # uses the milestone cache
-    #
-    # == Eager loading of associations
-    #
-    # Eager loading is a way to find objects of a certain class and a number of named associations along with it in a single SQL call. This is
-    # one of the easiest ways of to prevent the dreaded 1+N problem in which fetching 100 posts that each need to display their author
-    # triggers 101 database queries. Through the use of eager loading, the 101 queries can be reduced to 1. Example:
-    #
-    #   class Post < ActiveRecord::Base
-    #     belongs_to :author
-    #     has_many   :comments
-    #   end
-    #
-    # Consider the following loop using the class above:
-    #
-    #   for post in Post.find(:all)
-    #     puts "Post:            " + post.title
-    #     puts "Written by:      " + post.author.name
-    #     puts "Last comment on: " + post.comments.first.created_on
-    #   end 
-    #
-    # To iterate over these one hundred posts, we'll generate 201 database queries. Let's first just optimize it for retrieving the author:
-    #
-    #   for post in Post.find(:all, :include => :author)
-    #
-    # This references the name of the +belongs_to+ association that also used the <tt>:author</tt> symbol, so the find will now weave in a join something
-    # like this: <tt>LEFT OUTER JOIN authors ON authors.id = posts.author_id</tt>. Doing so will cut down the number of queries from 201 to 101.
-    #
-    # We can improve upon the situation further by referencing both associations in the finder with:
-    #
-    #   for post in Post.find(:all, :include => [ :author, :comments ])
-    #
-    # That'll add another join along the lines of: <tt>LEFT OUTER JOIN comments ON comments.post_id = posts.id</tt>. And we'll be down to 1 query.
-    #
-    # To include a deep hierarchy of associations, use a hash:
-    #
-    #   for post in Post.find(:all, :include => [ :author, { :comments => { :author => :gravatar } } ])
-    #
-    # That'll grab not only all the comments but all their authors and gravatar pictures.  You can mix and match
-    # symbols, arrays and hashes in any combination to describe the associations you want to load.
-    #
-    # All of this power shouldn't fool you into thinking that you can pull out huge amounts of data with no performance penalty just because you've reduced
-    # the number of queries. The database still needs to send all the data to Active Record and it still needs to be processed. So it's no
-    # catch-all for performance problems, but it's a great way to cut down on the number of queries in a situation as the one described above.
-    # 
-    # Since the eager loading pulls from multiple tables, you'll have to disambiguate any column references in both conditions and orders. So
-    # <tt>:order => "posts.id DESC"</tt> will work while <tt>:order => "id DESC"</tt> will not. Because eager loading generates the +SELECT+ statement too, the
-    # <tt>:select</tt> option is ignored.
-    #
-    # You can use eager loading on multiple associations from the same table, but you cannot use those associations in orders and conditions
-    # as there is currently not any way to disambiguate them. Eager loading will not pull additional attributes on join tables, so "rich
-    # associations" with +has_and_belongs_to_many+ are not a good fit for eager loading.
-    # 
-    # When eager loaded, conditions are interpolated in the context of the model class, not the model instance.  Conditions are lazily interpolated
-    # before the actual model exists.
-    # 
-    # == Table Aliasing
-    #
-    # ActiveRecord uses table aliasing in the case that a table is referenced multiple times in a join.  If a table is referenced only once,
-    # the standard table name is used.  The second time, the table is aliased as <tt>#{reflection_name}_#{parent_table_name}</tt>.  Indexes are appended
-    # for any more successive uses of the table name.
-    # 
-    #   Post.find :all, :include => :comments
-    #   # => SELECT ... FROM posts LEFT OUTER JOIN comments ON ...
-    #   Post.find :all, :include => :special_comments # STI
-    #   # => SELECT ... FROM posts LEFT OUTER JOIN comments ON ... AND comments.type = 'SpecialComment'
-    #   Post.find :all, :include => [:comments, :special_comments] # special_comments is the reflection name, posts is the parent table name
-    #   # => SELECT ... FROM posts LEFT OUTER JOIN comments ON ... LEFT OUTER JOIN comments special_comments_posts
-    # 
-    # Acts as tree example:
-    # 
-    #   TreeMixin.find :all, :include => :children
-    #   # => SELECT ... FROM mixins LEFT OUTER JOIN mixins childrens_mixins ...
-    #   TreeMixin.find :all, :include => {:children => :parent} # using cascading eager includes
-    #   # => SELECT ... FROM mixins LEFT OUTER JOIN mixins childrens_mixins ... 
-    #                               LEFT OUTER JOIN parents_mixins ...
-    #   TreeMixin.find :all, :include => {:children => {:parent => :children}} 
-    #   # => SELECT ... FROM mixins LEFT OUTER JOIN mixins childrens_mixins ... 
-    #                               LEFT OUTER JOIN parents_mixins ... 
-    #                               LEFT OUTER JOIN mixins childrens_mixins_2
-    # 
-    # Has and Belongs to Many join tables use the same idea, but add a <tt>_join</tt> suffix:
-    # 
-    #   Post.find :all, :include => :categories
-    #   # => SELECT ... FROM posts LEFT OUTER JOIN categories_posts ... LEFT OUTER JOIN categories ...
-    #   Post.find :all, :include => {:categories => :posts}
-    #   # => SELECT ... FROM posts LEFT OUTER JOIN categories_posts ... LEFT OUTER JOIN categories ...
-    #                              LEFT OUTER JOIN categories_posts posts_categories_join LEFT OUTER JOIN posts posts_categories
-    #   Post.find :all, :include => {:categories => {:posts => :categories}}
-    #   # => SELECT ... FROM posts LEFT OUTER JOIN categories_posts ... LEFT OUTER JOIN categories ...
-    #                              LEFT OUTER JOIN categories_posts posts_categories_join LEFT OUTER JOIN posts posts_categories
-    #                              LEFT OUTER JOIN categories_posts categories_posts_join LEFT OUTER JOIN categories categories_posts
-    # 
-    # If you wish to specify your own custom joins using a <tt>:joins</tt> option, those table names will take precedence over the eager associations:
-    # 
-    #   Post.find :all, :include => :comments, :joins => "inner join comments ..."
-    #   # => SELECT ... FROM posts LEFT OUTER JOIN comments_posts ON ... INNER JOIN comments ...
-    #   Post.find :all, :include => [:comments, :special_comments], :joins => "inner join comments ..."
-    #   # => SELECT ... FROM posts LEFT OUTER JOIN comments comments_posts ON ... 
-    #                              LEFT OUTER JOIN comments special_comments_posts ...
-    #                              INNER JOIN comments ...
-    # 
-    # Table aliases are automatically truncated according to the maximum length of table identifiers according to the specific database.
-    # 
-    # == Modules
-    #
-    # By default, associations will look for objects within the current module scope. Consider:
-    #
-    #   module MyApplication
-    #     module Business
-    #       class Firm < ActiveRecord::Base
-    #          has_many :clients
-    #        end
-    #
-    #       class Company < ActiveRecord::Base; end
-    #     end
-    #   end
-    #
-    # When <tt>Firm#clients</tt> is called, it will in turn call <tt>MyApplication::Business::Company.find(firm.id)</tt>. If you want to associate
-    # with a class in another module scope, this can be done by specifying the complete class name.  Example:
-    #
-    #   module MyApplication
-    #     module Business
-    #       class Firm < ActiveRecord::Base; end
-    #     end
-    #
-    #     module Billing
-    #       class Account < ActiveRecord::Base
-    #         belongs_to :firm, :class_name => "MyApplication::Business::Firm"
-    #       end
-    #     end
-    #   end
-    #
-    # == Type safety with <tt>ActiveRecord::AssociationTypeMismatch</tt>
-    #
-    # If you attempt to assign an object to an association that doesn't match the inferred or specified <tt>:class_name</tt>, you'll
-    # get an <tt>ActiveRecord::AssociationTypeMismatch</tt>.
-    #
-    # == Options
-    #
-    # All of the association macros can be specialized through options. This makes cases more complex than the simple and guessable ones
-    # possible.
-    module ClassMethods
-      # Adds the following methods for retrieval and query of collections of associated objects:
-      # +collection+ is replaced with the symbol passed as the first argument, so 
-      # <tt>has_many :clients</tt> would add among others <tt>clients.empty?</tt>.
-      # * <tt>collection(force_reload = false)</tt> - returns an array of all the associated objects.
-      #   An empty array is returned if none are found.
-      # * <tt>collection<<(object, ...)</tt> - adds one or more objects to the collection by setting their foreign keys to the collection's primary key.
-      # * <tt>collection.delete(object, ...)</tt> - removes one or more objects from the collection by setting their foreign keys to NULL.  
-      #   This will also destroy the objects if they're declared as +belongs_to+ and dependent on this model.
-      # * <tt>collection=objects</tt> - replaces the collections content by deleting and adding objects as appropriate.
-      # * <tt>collection_singular_ids</tt> - returns an array of the associated objects' ids
-      # * <tt>collection_singular_ids=ids</tt> - replace the collection with the objects identified by the primary keys in +ids+
-      # * <tt>collection.clear</tt> - removes every object from the collection. This destroys the associated objects if they
-      #   are associated with <tt>:dependent => :destroy</tt>, deletes them directly from the database if <tt>:dependent => :delete_all</tt>,
-      #   otherwise sets their foreign keys to NULL.
-      # * <tt>collection.empty?</tt> - returns +true+ if there are no associated objects.
-      # * <tt>collection.size</tt> - returns the number of associated objects.
-      # * <tt>collection.find</tt> - finds an associated object according to the same rules as Base.find.
-      # * <tt>collection.build(attributes = {}, ...)</tt> - returns one or more new objects of the collection type that have been instantiated
-      #   with +attributes+ and linked to this object through a foreign key, but have not yet been saved. *Note:* This only works if an 
-      #   associated object already exists, not if it's +nil+!
-      # * <tt>collection.create(attributes = {})</tt> - returns a new object of the collection type that has been instantiated
-      #   with +attributes+, linked to this object through a foreign key, and that has already been saved (if it passed the validation).
-      #   *Note:* This only works if an associated object already exists, not if it's +nil+!
-      #
-      # Example: A +Firm+ class declares <tt>has_many :clients</tt>, which will add:
-      # * <tt>Firm#clients</tt> (similar to <tt>Clients.find :all, :conditions => "firm_id = #{id}"</tt>)
-      # * <tt>Firm#clients<<</tt>
-      # * <tt>Firm#clients.delete</tt>
-      # * <tt>Firm#clients=</tt>
-      # * <tt>Firm#client_ids</tt>
-      # * <tt>Firm#client_ids=</tt>
-      # * <tt>Firm#clients.clear</tt>
-      # * <tt>Firm#clients.empty?</tt> (similar to <tt>firm.clients.size == 0</tt>)
-      # * <tt>Firm#clients.size</tt> (similar to <tt>Client.count "firm_id = #{id}"</tt>)
-      # * <tt>Firm#clients.find</tt> (similar to <tt>Client.find(id, :conditions => "firm_id = #{id}")</tt>)
-      # * <tt>Firm#clients.build</tt> (similar to <tt>Client.new("firm_id" => id)</tt>)
-      # * <tt>Firm#clients.create</tt> (similar to <tt>c = Client.new("firm_id" => id); c.save; c</tt>)
-      # The declaration can also include an options hash to specialize the behavior of the association.
-      # 
-      # Options are:
-      # * <tt>:class_name</tt>  - specify the class name of the association. Use it only if that name can't be inferred
-      #   from the association name. So <tt>has_many :products</tt> will by default be linked to the +Product+ class, but
-      #   if the real class name is +SpecialProduct+, you'll have to specify it with this option.
-      # * <tt>:conditions</tt>  - specify the conditions that the associated objects must meet in order to be included as a +WHERE+
-      #   SQL fragment, such as <tt>price > 5 AND name LIKE 'B%'</tt>.
-      # * <tt>:order</tt>       - specify the order in which the associated objects are returned as an <tt>ORDER BY</tt> SQL fragment,
-      #   such as <tt>last_name, first_name DESC</tt>
-      # * <tt>:foreign_key</tt> - specify the foreign key used for the association. By default this is guessed to be the name
-      #   of this class in lower-case and +_id+ suffixed. So a +Person+ class that makes a +has_many+ association will use +person_id+
-      #   as the default +foreign_key+.
-      # * <tt>:dependent</tt>   - if set to <tt>:destroy</tt> all the associated objects are destroyed
-      #   alongside this object by calling their destroy method.  If set to <tt>:delete_all</tt> all associated
-      #   objects are deleted *without* calling their destroy method.  If set to <tt>:nullify</tt> all associated
-      #   objects' foreign keys are set to +NULL+ *without* calling their save callbacks.
-      # * <tt>:finder_sql</tt>  - specify a complete SQL statement to fetch the association. This is a good way to go for complex
-      #   associations that depend on multiple tables. Note: When this option is used, +find_in_collection+ is _not_ added.
-      # * <tt>:counter_sql</tt>  - specify a complete SQL statement to fetch the size of the association. If <tt>:finder_sql</tt> is
-      #   specified but not <tt>:counter_sql</tt>, <tt>:counter_sql</tt> will be generated by replacing <tt>SELECT ... FROM</tt> with <tt>SELECT COUNT(*) FROM</tt>.
-      # * <tt>:extend</tt>  - specify a named module for extending the proxy. See "Association extensions".
-      # * <tt>:include</tt>  - specify second-order associations that should be eager loaded when the collection is loaded.
-      # * <tt>:group</tt>: An attribute name by which the result should be grouped. Uses the <tt>GROUP BY</tt> SQL-clause.
-      # * <tt>:limit</tt>: An integer determining the limit on the number of rows that should be returned.
-      # * <tt>:offset</tt>: An integer determining the offset from where the rows should be fetched. So at 5, it would skip the first 4 rows.
-      # * <tt>:select</tt>: By default, this is <tt>*</tt> as in <tt>SELECT * FROM</tt>, but can be changed if you, for example, want to do a join 
-      #   but not include the joined columns.
-      # * <tt>:as</tt>: Specifies a polymorphic interface (See <tt>#belongs_to</tt>).
-      # * <tt>:through</tt>: Specifies a Join Model through which to perform the query.  Options for <tt>:class_name</tt> and <tt>:foreign_key</tt> 
-      #   are ignored, as the association uses the source reflection. You can only use a <tt>:through</tt> query through a <tt>belongs_to</tt>
-      #   or <tt>has_many</tt> association on the join model.
-      # * <tt>:source</tt>: Specifies the source association name used by <tt>has_many :through</tt> queries.  Only use it if the name cannot be 
-      #   inferred from the association.  <tt>has_many :subscribers, :through => :subscriptions</tt> will look for either <tt>:subscribers</tt> or
-      #   <tt>:subscriber</tt> on +Subscription+, unless a <tt>:source</tt> is given.
-      # * <tt>:source_type</tt>: Specifies type of the source association used by <tt>has_many :through</tt> queries where the source
-      #   association is a polymorphic +belongs_to+.
-      # * <tt>:uniq</tt> - if set to +true+, duplicates will be omitted from the collection. Useful in conjunction with <tt>:through</tt>.
-      #
-      # Option examples:
-      #   has_many :comments, :order => "posted_on"
-      #   has_many :comments, :include => :author
-      #   has_many :people, :class_name => "Person", :conditions => "deleted = 0", :order => "name"
-      #   has_many :tracks, :order => "position", :dependent => :destroy
-      #   has_many :comments, :dependent => :nullify
-      #   has_many :tags, :as => :taggable
-      #   has_many :subscribers, :through => :subscriptions, :source => :user
-      #   has_many :subscribers, :class_name => "Person", :finder_sql =>
-      #       'SELECT DISTINCT people.* ' +
-      #       'FROM people p, post_subscriptions ps ' +
-      #       'WHERE ps.post_id = #{id} AND ps.person_id = p.id ' +
-      #       'ORDER BY p.first_name'
-      def has_many(association_id, options = {}, &extension)
-        reflection = create_has_many_reflection(association_id, options, &extension)
-
-        configure_dependency_for_has_many(reflection)
-
-        if options[:through]
-          collection_reader_method(reflection, HasManyThroughAssociation)
-          collection_accessor_methods(reflection, HasManyThroughAssociation, false)
-        else
-          add_multiple_associated_save_callbacks(reflection.name)
-          add_association_callbacks(reflection.name, reflection.options)
-          collection_accessor_methods(reflection, HasManyAssociation)
-        end
-      end
-
-      # Adds the following methods for retrieval and query of a single associated object:
-      # +association+ is replaced with the symbol passed as the first argument, so 
-      # <tt>has_one :manager</tt> would add among others <tt>manager.nil?</tt>.
-      # * <tt>association(force_reload = false)</tt> - returns the associated object. +nil+ is returned if none is found.
-      # * <tt>association=(associate)</tt> - assigns the associate object, extracts the primary key, sets it as the foreign key, 
-      #   and saves the associate object.
-      # * <tt>association.nil?</tt> - returns +true+ if there is no associated object.
-      # * <tt>build_association(attributes = {})</tt> - returns a new object of the associated type that has been instantiated
-      #   with +attributes+ and linked to this object through a foreign key, but has not yet been saved. Note: This ONLY works if
-      #   an association already exists. It will NOT work if the association is +nil+.
-      # * <tt>create_association(attributes = {})</tt> - returns a new object of the associated type that has been instantiated
-      #   with +attributes+, linked to this object through a foreign key, and that has already been saved (if it passed the validation).
-      #
-      # Example: An Account class declares <tt>has_one :beneficiary</tt>, which will add:
-      # * <tt>Account#beneficiary</tt> (similar to <tt>Beneficiary.find(:first, :conditions => "account_id = #{id}")</tt>)
-      # * <tt>Account#beneficiary=(beneficiary)</tt> (similar to <tt>beneficiary.account_id = account.id; beneficiary.save</tt>)
-      # * <tt>Account#beneficiary.nil?</tt>
-      # * <tt>Account#build_beneficiary</tt> (similar to <tt>Beneficiary.new("account_id" => id)</tt>)
-      # * <tt>Account#create_beneficiary</tt> (similar to <tt>b = Beneficiary.new("account_id" => id); b.save; b</tt>)
-      #
-      # The declaration can also include an options hash to specialize the behavior of the association.
-      # 
-      # Options are:
-      # * <tt>:class_name</tt>  - specify the class name of the association. Use it only if that name can't be inferred
-      #   from the association name. So <tt>has_one :manager</tt> will by default be linked to the +Manager+ class, but
-      #   if the real class name is +Person+, you'll have to specify it with this option.
-      # * <tt>:conditions</tt>  - specify the conditions that the associated object must meet in order to be included as a +WHERE+
-      #   SQL fragment, such as <tt>rank = 5</tt>.
-      # * <tt>:order</tt>       - specify the order in which the associated objects are returned as an <tt>ORDER BY</tt> SQL fragment,
-      #   such as <tt>last_name, first_name DESC</tt>
-      # * <tt>:dependent</tt>   - if set to <tt>:destroy</tt>, the associated object is destroyed when this object is. If set to
-      #   <tt>:delete</tt>, the associated object is deleted *without* calling its destroy method. If set to <tt>:nullify</tt>, the associated
-      #   object's foreign key is set to +NULL+. Also, association is assigned.
-      # * <tt>:foreign_key</tt> - specify the foreign key used for the association. By default this is guessed to be the name
-      #   of this class in lower-case and +_id+ suffixed. So a +Person+ class that makes a +has_one+ association will use +person_id+
-      #   as the default +foreign_key+.
-      # * <tt>:include</tt>  - specify second-order associations that should be eager loaded when this object is loaded.
-      # * <tt>:as</tt>: Specifies a polymorphic interface (See <tt>#belongs_to</tt>).
-            #
-      # Option examples:
-      #   has_one :credit_card, :dependent => :destroy  # destroys the associated credit card
-      #   has_one :credit_card, :dependent => :nullify  # updates the associated records foreign key value to NULL rather than destroying it
-      #   has_one :last_comment, :class_name => "Comment", :order => "posted_on"
-      #   has_one :project_manager, :class_name => "Person", :conditions => "role = 'project_manager'"
-      #   has_one :attachment, :as => :attachable
-      def has_one(association_id, options = {})
-        reflection = create_has_one_reflection(association_id, options)
-
-        module_eval do
-          after_save <<-EOF
-            association = instance_variable_get("@#{reflection.name}")
-            if !association.nil? && (new_record? || association.new_record? || association["#{reflection.primary_key_name}"] != id)
-              association["#{reflection.primary_key_name}"] = id
-              association.save(true)
-            end
-          EOF
-        end
-      
-        association_accessor_methods(reflection, HasOneAssociation)
-        association_constructor_method(:build,  reflection, HasOneAssociation)
-        association_constructor_method(:create, reflection, HasOneAssociation)
-        
-        configure_dependency_for_has_one(reflection)
-      end
-
-      # Adds the following methods for retrieval and query for a single associated object for which this object holds an id:
-      # +association+ is replaced with the symbol passed as the first argument, so 
-      # <tt>belongs_to :author</tt> would add among others <tt>author.nil?</tt>.
-      # * <tt>association(force_reload = false)</tt> - returns the associated object. +nil+ is returned if none is found.
-      # * <tt>association=(associate)</tt> - assigns the associate object, extracts the primary key, and sets it as the foreign key.
-      # * <tt>association.nil?</tt> - returns +true+ if there is no associated object.
-      # * <tt>build_association(attributes = {})</tt> - returns a new object of the associated type that has been instantiated
-      #   with +attributes+ and linked to this object through a foreign key, but has not yet been saved.
-      # * <tt>create_association(attributes = {})</tt> - returns a new object of the associated type that has been instantiated
-      #   with +attributes+, linked to this object through a foreign key, and that has already been saved (if it passed the validation).
-      #
-      # Example: A Post class declares <tt>belongs_to :author</tt>, which will add:
-      # * <tt>Post#author</tt> (similar to <tt>Author.find(author_id)</tt>)
-      # * <tt>Post#author=(author)</tt> (similar to <tt>post.author_id = author.id</tt>)
-      # * <tt>Post#author?</tt> (similar to <tt>post.author == some_author</tt>)
-      # * <tt>Post#author.nil?</tt>
-      # * <tt>Post#build_author</tt> (similar to <tt>post.author = Author.new</tt>)
-      # * <tt>Post#create_author</tt> (similar to <tt>post.author = Author.new; post.author.save; post.author</tt>)
-      # The declaration can also include an options hash to specialize the behavior of the association.
-      # 
-      # Options are:
-      # * <tt>:class_name</tt>  - specify the class name of the association. Use it only if that name can't be inferred
-      #   from the association name. So <tt>has_one :author</tt> will by default be linked to the +Author+ class, but
-      #   if the real class name is +Person+, you'll have to specify it with this option.
-      # * <tt>:conditions</tt>  - specify the conditions that the associated object must meet in order to be included as a +WHERE+
-      #   SQL fragment, such as <tt>authorized = 1</tt>.
-      # * <tt>:order</tt>       - specify the order in which the associated objects are returned as an <tt>ORDER BY</tt> SQL fragment,
-      #   such as <tt>last_name, first_name DESC</tt>
-      # * <tt>:foreign_key</tt> - specify the foreign key used for the association. By default this is guessed to be the name
-      #   of the associated class in lower-case and +_id+ suffixed. So a +Person+ class that makes a +belongs_to+ association to a
-      #   +Boss+ class will use +boss_id+ as the default +foreign_key+.
-      # * <tt>:counter_cache</tt> - caches the number of belonging objects on the associate class through the use of +increment_counter+ 
-      #   and +decrement_counter+. The counter cache is incremented when an object of this class is created and decremented when it's
-      #   destroyed. This requires that a column named <tt>#{table_name}_count</tt> (such as +comments_count+ for a belonging +Comment+ class)
-      #   is used on the associate class (such as a +Post+ class). You can also specify a custom counter cache column by providing 
-      #   a column name instead of a +true+/+false+ value to this option (e.g., <tt>:counter_cache => :my_custom_counter</tt>.)
-      #   Note: Specifying a counter_cache will add it to that model's list of readonly attributes using #attr_readonly.
-      # * <tt>:include</tt>  - specify second-order associations that should be eager loaded when this object is loaded.
-      # * <tt>:polymorphic</tt> - specify this association is a polymorphic association by passing +true+.
-      #   Note: If you've enabled the counter cache, then you may want to add the counter cache attribute 
-      #   to the attr_readonly list in the associated classes (e.g. class Post; attr_readonly :comments_count; end).
-      #
-      # Option examples:
-      #   belongs_to :firm, :foreign_key => "client_of"
-      #   belongs_to :author, :class_name => "Person", :foreign_key => "author_id"
-      #   belongs_to :valid_coupon, :class_name => "Coupon", :foreign_key => "coupon_id", 
-      #              :conditions => 'discounts > #{payments_count}'
-      #   belongs_to :attachable, :polymorphic => true
-      def belongs_to(association_id, options = {})
-        reflection = create_belongs_to_reflection(association_id, options)
-        
-        if reflection.options[:polymorphic]
-          association_accessor_methods(reflection, BelongsToPolymorphicAssociation)
-
-          module_eval do
-            before_save <<-EOF
-              association = instance_variable_get("@#{reflection.name}")
-              if association && association.target
-                if association.new_record?
-                  association.save(true)
-                end
-                
-                if association.updated?
-                  self["#{reflection.primary_key_name}"] = association.id
-                  self["#{reflection.options[:foreign_type]}"] = association.class.base_class.name.to_s
-                end
-              end
-            EOF
-          end
-        else
-          association_accessor_methods(reflection, BelongsToAssociation)
-          association_constructor_method(:build,  reflection, BelongsToAssociation)
-          association_constructor_method(:create, reflection, BelongsToAssociation)
-
-          module_eval do
-            before_save <<-EOF
-              association = instance_variable_get("@#{reflection.name}")
-              if !association.nil? 
-                if association.new_record?
-                  association.save(true)
-                end
-                
-                if association.updated?
-                  self["#{reflection.primary_key_name}"] = association.id
-                end
-              end            
-            EOF
-          end
-        end
-
-        # Create the callbacks to update counter cache
-        if options[:counter_cache]
-          cache_column = options[:counter_cache] == true ?
-            "#{self.to_s.underscore.pluralize}_count" :
-            options[:counter_cache]
-
-          module_eval(
-            "after_create '#{reflection.name}.class.increment_counter(\"#{cache_column}\", #{reflection.primary_key_name})" +
-            " unless #{reflection.name}.nil?'"
-          )
-
-          module_eval(
-            "before_destroy '#{reflection.name}.class.decrement_counter(\"#{cache_column}\", #{reflection.primary_key_name})" +
-            " unless #{reflection.name}.nil?'"
-          )
-          
-          module_eval(
-            "#{reflection.class_name}.send(:attr_readonly,\"#{cache_column}\".intern) if defined?(#{reflection.class_name}) && #{reflection.class_name}.respond_to?(:attr_readonly)"
-          )
-        end
-      end
-
-      # Associates two classes via an intermediate join table.  Unless the join table is explicitly specified as
-      # an option, it is guessed using the lexical order of the class names. So a join between +Developer+ and +Project+
-      # will give the default join table name of +developers_projects+ because "D" outranks "P".  Note that this precedence
-      # is calculated using the <tt><</tt> operator for <tt>String</tt>.  This means that if the strings are of different lengths, 
-      # and the strings are equal when compared up to the shortest length, then the longer string is considered of higher
-      # lexical precedence than the shorter one.  For example, one would expect the tables <tt>paper_boxes</tt> and <tt>papers</tt> 
-      # to generate a join table name of <tt>papers_paper_boxes</tt> because of the length of the name <tt>paper_boxes</tt>,
-      # but it in fact generates a join table name of <tt>paper_boxes_papers</tt>.  Be aware of this caveat, and use the 
-      # custom <tt>join_table</tt> option if you need to.
-      #
-      # Deprecated: Any additional fields added to the join table will be placed as attributes when pulling records out through
-      # +has_and_belongs_to_many+ associations. Records returned from join tables with additional attributes will be marked as
-      # +ReadOnly+ (because we can't save changes to the additional attributes). It's strongly recommended that you upgrade any
-      # associations with attributes to a real join model (see introduction).
-      #
-      # Adds the following methods for retrieval and query:
-      # +collection+ is replaced with the symbol passed as the first argument, so 
-      # <tt>has_and_belongs_to_many :categories</tt> would add among others <tt>categories.empty?</tt>.
-      # * <tt>collection(force_reload = false)</tt> - returns an array of all the associated objects.
-      #   An empty array is returned if none are found.
-      # * <tt>collection<<(object, ...)</tt> - adds one or more objects to the collection by creating associations in the join table 
-      #   (<tt>collection.push</tt> and <tt>collection.concat</tt> are aliases to this method).
-      # * <tt>collection.delete(object, ...)</tt> - removes one or more objects from the collection by removing their associations from the join table.  
-      #   This does not destroy the objects.
-      # * <tt>collection=objects</tt> - replaces the collection's content by deleting and adding objects as appropriate.
-      # * <tt>collection_singular_ids</tt> - returns an array of the associated objects' ids
-      # * <tt>collection_singular_ids=ids</tt> - replace the collection by the objects identified by the primary keys in +ids+
-      # * <tt>collection.clear</tt> - removes every object from the collection. This does not destroy the objects.
-      # * <tt>collection.empty?</tt> - returns +true+ if there are no associated objects.
-      # * <tt>collection.size</tt> - returns the number of associated objects.
-      # * <tt>collection.find(id)</tt> - finds an associated object responding to the +id+ and that
-      #   meets the condition that it has to be associated with this object.
-      # * <tt>collection.build(attributes = {})</tt> - returns a new object of the collection type that has been instantiated
-      #   with +attributes+ and linked to this object through the join table, but has not yet been saved.
-      # * <tt>collection.create(attributes = {})</tt> - returns a new object of the collection type that has been instantiated
-      #   with +attributes+, linked to this object through the join table, and that has already been saved (if it passed the validation).
-      #
-      # Example: A Developer class declares <tt>has_and_belongs_to_many :projects</tt>, which will add:
-      # * <tt>Developer#projects</tt>
-      # * <tt>Developer#projects<<</tt>
-      # * <tt>Developer#projects.delete</tt>
-      # * <tt>Developer#projects=</tt>
-      # * <tt>Developer#project_ids</tt>
-      # * <tt>Developer#project_ids=</tt>
-      # * <tt>Developer#projects.clear</tt>
-      # * <tt>Developer#projects.empty?</tt>
-      # * <tt>Developer#projects.size</tt>
-      # * <tt>Developer#projects.find(id)</tt>
-      # * <tt>Developer#projects.build</tt> (similar to <tt>Project.new("project_id" => id)</tt>)
-      # * <tt>Developer#projects.create</tt> (similar to <tt>c = Project.new("project_id" => id); c.save; c</tt>)
-      # The declaration may include an options hash to specialize the behavior of the association.
-      # 
-      # Options are:
-      # * <tt>:class_name</tt> - specify the class name of the association. Use it only if that name can't be inferred
-      #   from the association name. So <tt>has_and_belongs_to_many :projects</tt> will by default be linked to the 
-      #   +Project+ class, but if the real class name is +SuperProject+, you'll have to specify it with this option.
-      # * <tt>:join_table</tt> - specify the name of the join table if the default based on lexical order isn't what you want.
-      #   WARNING: If you're overwriting the table name of either class, the +table_name+ method MUST be declared underneath any
-      #   +has_and_belongs_to_many+ declaration in order to work.
-      # * <tt>:foreign_key</tt> - specify the foreign key used for the association. By default this is guessed to be the name
-      #   of this class in lower-case and +_id+ suffixed. So a +Person+ class that makes a +has_and_belongs_to_many+ association
-      #   will use +person_id+ as the default +foreign_key+.
-      # * <tt>:association_foreign_key</tt> - specify the association foreign key used for the association. By default this is
-      #   guessed to be the name of the associated class in lower-case and +_id+ suffixed. So if the associated class is +Project+,
-      #   the +has_and_belongs_to_many+ association will use +project_id+ as the default association +foreign_key+.
-      # * <tt>:conditions</tt>  - specify the conditions that the associated object must meet in order to be included as a +WHERE+
-      #   SQL fragment, such as <tt>authorized = 1</tt>.
-      # * <tt>:order</tt> - specify the order in which the associated objects are returned as an <tt>ORDER BY</tt> SQL fragment,
-      #   such as <tt>last_name, first_name DESC</tt>
-      # * <tt>:uniq</tt> - if set to +true+, duplicate associated objects will be ignored by accessors and query methods
-      # * <tt>:finder_sql</tt> - overwrite the default generated SQL statement used to fetch the association with a manual statement
-      # * <tt>:delete_sql</tt> - overwrite the default generated SQL statement used to remove links between the associated 
-      #   classes with a manual statement
-      # * <tt>:insert_sql</tt> - overwrite the default generated SQL statement used to add links between the associated classes
-      #   with a manual statement
-      # * <tt>:extend</tt>  - anonymous module for extending the proxy, see "Association extensions".
-      # * <tt>:include</tt>  - specify second-order associations that should be eager loaded when the collection is loaded.
-      # * <tt>:group</tt>: An attribute name by which the result should be grouped. Uses the <tt>GROUP BY</tt> SQL-clause.
-      # * <tt>:limit</tt>: An integer determining the limit on the number of rows that should be returned.
-      # * <tt>:offset</tt>: An integer determining the offset from where the rows should be fetched. So at 5, it would skip the first 4 rows.
-      # * <tt>:select</tt>: By default, this is <tt>*</tt> as in <tt>SELECT * FROM</tt>, but can be changed if, for example, you want to do a join
-      #   but not include the joined columns.
-      #
-      # Option examples:
-      #   has_and_belongs_to_many :projects
-      #   has_and_belongs_to_many :projects, :include => [ :milestones, :manager ]
-      #   has_and_belongs_to_many :nations, :class_name => "Country"
-      #   has_and_belongs_to_many :categories, :join_table => "prods_cats"
-      #   has_and_belongs_to_many :active_projects, :join_table => 'developers_projects', :delete_sql => 
-      #   'DELETE FROM developers_projects WHERE active=1 AND developer_id = #{id} AND project_id = #{record.id}'
-      def has_and_belongs_to_many(association_id, options = {}, &extension)
-        reflection = create_has_and_belongs_to_many_reflection(association_id, options, &extension)
-        
-        add_multiple_associated_save_callbacks(reflection.name)
-        collection_accessor_methods(reflection, HasAndBelongsToManyAssociation)
-
-        # Don't use a before_destroy callback since users' before_destroy
-        # callbacks will be executed after the association is wiped out.
-        old_method = "destroy_without_habtm_shim_for_#{reflection.name}"
-        class_eval <<-end_eval unless method_defined?(old_method)
-          alias_method :#{old_method}, :destroy_without_callbacks
-          def destroy_without_callbacks
-            #{reflection.name}.clear
-            #{old_method}
-          end
-        end_eval
-
-        add_association_callbacks(reflection.name, options)
-      end
-
-      private
-        # Generate a join table name from two provided tables names.
-        # The order of names in join name is determined by lexical precedence.
-        #   join_table_name("members", "clubs")
-        #   => "clubs_members"
-        #   join_table_name("members", "special_clubs")
-        #   => "members_special_clubs"
-        def join_table_name(first_table_name, second_table_name)
-          if first_table_name < second_table_name
-            join_table = "#{first_table_name}_#{second_table_name}"
-          else
-            join_table = "#{second_table_name}_#{first_table_name}"
-          end
-
-          table_name_prefix + join_table + table_name_suffix
-        end
-      
-        def association_accessor_methods(reflection, association_proxy_class)
-          define_method(reflection.name) do |*params|
-            force_reload = params.first unless params.empty?
-            association = instance_variable_get("@#{reflection.name}")
-
-            if association.nil? || force_reload
-              association = association_proxy_class.new(self, reflection)
-              retval = association.reload
-              if retval.nil? and association_proxy_class == BelongsToAssociation
-                instance_variable_set("@#{reflection.name}", nil)
-                return nil
-              end
-              instance_variable_set("@#{reflection.name}", association)
-            end
-
-            association.target.nil? ? nil : association
-          end
-
-          define_method("#{reflection.name}=") do |new_value|
-            association = instance_variable_get("@#{reflection.name}")
-            if association.nil? || association.target != new_value
-              association = association_proxy_class.new(self, reflection)
-            end
-
-            association.replace(new_value)
-
-            unless new_value.nil?
-              instance_variable_set("@#{reflection.name}", association)
-            else
-              instance_variable_set("@#{reflection.name}", nil)
-            end
-          end
-
-          define_method("set_#{reflection.name}_target") do |target|
-            return if target.nil? and association_proxy_class == BelongsToAssociation
-            association = association_proxy_class.new(self, reflection)
-            association.target = target
-            instance_variable_set("@#{reflection.name}", association)
-          end
-        end
-
-        def collection_reader_method(reflection, association_proxy_class)
-          define_method(reflection.name) do |*params|
-            force_reload = params.first unless params.empty?
-            association = instance_variable_get("@#{reflection.name}")
-
-            unless association.respond_to?(:loaded?)
-              association = association_proxy_class.new(self, reflection)
-              instance_variable_set("@#{reflection.name}", association)
-            end
-
-            association.reload if force_reload
-
-            association
-          end
-        end
-
-        def collection_accessor_methods(reflection, association_proxy_class, writer = true)
-          collection_reader_method(reflection, association_proxy_class)
-
-          define_method("#{reflection.name}=") do |new_value|
-            # Loads proxy class instance (defined in collection_reader_method) if not already loaded
-            association = send(reflection.name) 
-            association.replace(new_value)
-            association
-          end
-
-          define_method("#{reflection.name.to_s.singularize}_ids") do
-            send(reflection.name).map(&:id)
-          end
-
-          define_method("#{reflection.name.to_s.singularize}_ids=") do |new_value|
-            ids = (new_value || []).reject { |nid| nid.blank? }
-            send("#{reflection.name}=", reflection.class_name.constantize.find(ids))
-          end if writer
-        end
-
-        def add_multiple_associated_save_callbacks(association_name)
-          method_name = "validate_associated_records_for_#{association_name}".to_sym
-          define_method(method_name) do
-            association = instance_variable_get("@#{association_name}")
-            if association.respond_to?(:loaded?)
-              if new_record?
-                association
-              else
-                association.select { |record| record.new_record? }
-              end.each do |record|
-                errors.add "#{association_name}" unless record.valid?
-              end
-            end
-          end
-
-          validate method_name
-          before_save("@new_record_before_save = new_record?; true")
-
-          after_callback = <<-end_eval
-            association = instance_variable_get("@#{association_name}")
-
-            records_to_save = if @new_record_before_save
-              association
-            elsif association.respond_to?(:loaded?) && association.loaded?
-              association.select { |record| record.new_record? }
-            else
-              []
-            end
-
-            records_to_save.each { |record| association.send(:insert_record, record) } unless records_to_save.blank?
-            
-            # reconstruct the SQL queries now that we know the owner's id
-            association.send(:construct_sql) if association.respond_to?(:construct_sql)
-          end_eval
-
-          # Doesn't use after_save as that would save associations added in after_create/after_update twice
-          after_create(after_callback)
-          after_update(after_callback)
-        end
-
-        def association_constructor_method(constructor, reflection, association_proxy_class)
-          define_method("#{constructor}_#{reflection.name}") do |*params|
-            attributees      = params.first unless params.empty?
-            replace_existing = params[1].nil? ? true : params[1]
-            association      = instance_variable_get("@#{reflection.name}")
-
-            if association.nil?
-              association = association_proxy_class.new(self, reflection)
-              instance_variable_set("@#{reflection.name}", association)
-            end
-
-            if association_proxy_class == HasOneAssociation
-              association.send(constructor, attributees, replace_existing)
-            else
-              association.send(constructor, attributees)
-            end
-          end
-        end
-        
-        def find_with_associations(options = {})
-          catch :invalid_query do
-            join_dependency = JoinDependency.new(self, merge_includes(scope(:find, :include), options[:include]), options[:joins])
-            rows = select_all_rows(options, join_dependency)
-            return join_dependency.instantiate(rows)
-          end
-          []
-        end
-
-        # See HasManyAssociation#delete_records.  Dependent associations
-        # delete children, otherwise foreign key is set to NULL.
-        def configure_dependency_for_has_many(reflection)
-          if reflection.options.include?(:dependent)
-            # Add polymorphic type if the :as option is present
-            dependent_conditions = []
-            dependent_conditions << "#{reflection.primary_key_name} = \#{record.quoted_id}"
-            dependent_conditions << "#{reflection.options[:as]}_type = '#{base_class.name}'" if reflection.options[:as]
-            dependent_conditions << sanitize_sql(reflection.options[:conditions]) if reflection.options[:conditions]
-            dependent_conditions = dependent_conditions.collect {|where| "(#{where})" }.join(" AND ")
-
-            case reflection.options[:dependent]
-              when :destroy
-                module_eval "before_destroy '#{reflection.name}.each { |o| o.destroy }'"
-              when :delete_all
-                module_eval "before_destroy { |record| #{reflection.class_name}.delete_all(%(#{dependent_conditions})) }"
-              when :nullify
-                module_eval "before_destroy { |record| #{reflection.class_name}.update_all(%(#{reflection.primary_key_name} = NULL),  %(#{dependent_conditions})) }"
-              else
-                raise ArgumentError, "The :dependent option expects either :destroy, :delete_all, or :nullify (#{reflection.options[:dependent].inspect})"
-            end
-          end
-        end
-
-        def configure_dependency_for_has_one(reflection)
-          if reflection.options.include?(:dependent)
-            case reflection.options[:dependent]
-              when :destroy
-                module_eval "before_destroy '#{reflection.name}.destroy unless #{reflection.name}.nil?'"
-              when :delete
-                module_eval "before_destroy '#{reflection.class_name}.delete(#{reflection.name}.id) unless #{reflection.name}.nil?'"
-              when :nullify
-                module_eval "before_destroy '#{reflection.name}.update_attribute(\"#{reflection.primary_key_name}\", nil) unless #{reflection.name}.nil?'"
-              else
-                raise ArgumentError, "The :dependent option expects either :destroy, :delete or :nullify (#{reflection.options[:dependent].inspect})"
-            end
-          end
-        end
-
-        def create_has_many_reflection(association_id, options, &extension)
-          options.assert_valid_keys(
-            :class_name, :table_name, :foreign_key,
-            :dependent,
-            :select, :conditions, :include, :order, :group, :limit, :offset,
-            :as, :through, :source, :source_type,
-            :uniq,
-            :finder_sql, :counter_sql, 
-            :before_add, :after_add, :before_remove, :after_remove, 
-            :extend
-          )
-
-          options[:extend] = create_extension_modules(association_id, extension, options[:extend]) if block_given?
-
-          create_reflection(:has_many, association_id, options, self)
-        end
-
-        def create_has_one_reflection(association_id, options)
-          options.assert_valid_keys(
-            :class_name, :foreign_key, :remote, :conditions, :order, :include, :dependent, :counter_cache, :extend, :as
-          )
-
-          create_reflection(:has_one, association_id, options, self)
-        end
-
-        def create_belongs_to_reflection(association_id, options)
-          options.assert_valid_keys(
-            :class_name, :foreign_key, :foreign_type, :remote, :conditions, :order, :include, :dependent, 
-            :counter_cache, :extend, :polymorphic
-          )
-          
-          reflection = create_reflection(:belongs_to, association_id, options, self)
-
-          if options[:polymorphic]
-            reflection.options[:foreign_type] ||= reflection.class_name.underscore + "_type"
-          end
-
-          reflection
-        end
-        
-        def create_has_and_belongs_to_many_reflection(association_id, options, &extension)
-          options.assert_valid_keys(
-            :class_name, :table_name, :join_table, :foreign_key, :association_foreign_key, 
-            :select, :conditions, :include, :order, :group, :limit, :offset,
-            :uniq, 
-            :finder_sql, :delete_sql, :insert_sql,
-            :before_add, :after_add, :before_remove, :after_remove, 
-            :extend
-          )
-
-          options[:extend] = create_extension_modules(association_id, extension, options[:extend]) if block_given?
-
-          reflection = create_reflection(:has_and_belongs_to_many, association_id, options, self)
-
-          reflection.options[:join_table] ||= join_table_name(undecorated_table_name(self.to_s), undecorated_table_name(reflection.class_name))
-          
-          reflection
-        end
-
-        def reflect_on_included_associations(associations)
-          [ associations ].flatten.collect { |association| reflect_on_association(association.to_s.intern) }
-        end
-
-        def guard_against_unlimitable_reflections(reflections, options)
-          if (options[:offset] || options[:limit]) && !using_limitable_reflections?(reflections)
-            raise(
-              ConfigurationError, 
-              "You can not use offset and limit together with has_many or has_and_belongs_to_many associations"
-            )
-          end
-        end
-
-        def select_all_rows(options, join_dependency)
-          connection.select_all(
-            construct_finder_sql_with_included_associations(options, join_dependency),
-            "#{name} Load Including Associations"
-          )
-        end
-
-        def construct_finder_sql_with_included_associations(options, join_dependency)
-          scope = scope(:find)
-          sql = "SELECT #{column_aliases(join_dependency)} FROM #{(scope && scope[:from]) || options[:from] || quoted_table_name} "
-          sql << join_dependency.join_associations.collect{|join| join.association_join }.join
- 
-          add_joins!(sql, options, scope)
-          add_conditions!(sql, options[:conditions], scope)
-          add_limited_ids_condition!(sql, options, join_dependency) if !using_limitable_reflections?(join_dependency.reflections) && ((scope && scope[:limit]) || options[:limit])
-
-          add_group!(sql, options[:group], scope)
-          add_order!(sql, options[:order], scope)
-          add_limit!(sql, options, scope) if using_limitable_reflections?(join_dependency.reflections)
-          add_lock!(sql, options, scope)
- 
-          return sanitize_sql(sql)
-        end
- 
-        def add_limited_ids_condition!(sql, options, join_dependency)
-          unless (id_list = select_limited_ids_list(options, join_dependency)).empty?
-            sql << "#{condition_word(sql)} #{connection.quote_table_name table_name}.#{primary_key} IN (#{id_list}) "
-          else
-            throw :invalid_query
-          end
-        end
-
-        def select_limited_ids_list(options, join_dependency)
-          pk = columns_hash[primary_key]
-
-          connection.select_all(
-            construct_finder_sql_for_association_limiting(options, join_dependency),
-            "#{name} Load IDs For Limited Eager Loading"
-          ).collect { |row| connection.quote(row[primary_key], pk) }.join(", ")
-        end
-
-        def construct_finder_sql_for_association_limiting(options, join_dependency)
-          scope       = scope(:find)
-          is_distinct = !options[:joins].blank? || include_eager_conditions?(options) || include_eager_order?(options)
-          sql = "SELECT "
-          if is_distinct
-            sql << connection.distinct("#{connection.quote_table_name table_name}.#{primary_key}", options[:order])
-          else
-            sql << primary_key
-          end
-          sql << " FROM #{connection.quote_table_name table_name} "
-
-          if is_distinct
-            sql << join_dependency.join_associations.collect(&:association_join).join
-            add_joins!(sql, options, scope)
-          end
-
-          add_conditions!(sql, options[:conditions], scope)
-          add_group!(sql, options[:group], scope)
-
-          if options[:order] && is_distinct
-            connection.add_order_by_for_association_limiting!(sql, options)
-          else
-            add_order!(sql, options[:order], scope)
-          end
-
-          add_limit!(sql, options, scope)
-
-          return sanitize_sql(sql)
-        end
-
-        # Checks if the conditions reference a table other than the current model table
-        def include_eager_conditions?(options)
-          # look in both sets of conditions
-          conditions = [scope(:find, :conditions), options[:conditions]].inject([]) do |all, cond|
-            case cond
-              when nil   then all
-              when Array then all << cond.first
-              else            all << cond
-            end
-          end
-          return false unless conditions.any?
-          conditions.join(' ').scan(/([\.\w]+)\.\w+/).flatten.any? do |condition_table_name|
-            condition_table_name != table_name
-          end
-        end
-        
-        # Checks if the query order references a table other than the current model's table.
-        def include_eager_order?(options)
-          order = options[:order]
-          return false unless order
-          order.scan(/([\.\w]+)\.\w+/).flatten.any? do |order_table_name|
-            order_table_name != table_name
-          end
-        end
-
-        def using_limitable_reflections?(reflections)
-          reflections.reject { |r| [ :belongs_to, :has_one ].include?(r.macro) }.length.zero?
-        end
-
-        def column_aliases(join_dependency)
-          join_dependency.joins.collect{|join| join.column_names_with_alias.collect{|column_name, aliased_name|
-              "#{connection.quote_table_name join.aliased_table_name}.#{connection.quote_column_name column_name} AS #{aliased_name}"}}.flatten.join(", ")
-        end
-
-        def add_association_callbacks(association_name, options)
-          callbacks = %w(before_add after_add before_remove after_remove)
-          callbacks.each do |callback_name|
-            full_callback_name = "#{callback_name}_for_#{association_name}"
-            defined_callbacks = options[callback_name.to_sym]
-            if options.has_key?(callback_name.to_sym)
-              class_inheritable_reader full_callback_name.to_sym
-              write_inheritable_attribute(full_callback_name.to_sym, [defined_callbacks].flatten)
-            else
-              write_inheritable_attribute(full_callback_name.to_sym, [])
-            end
-          end
-        end
-
-        def condition_word(sql)
-          sql =~ /where/i ? " AND " : "WHERE "
-        end
-
-        def create_extension_modules(association_id, block_extension, extensions)
-          extension_module_name = "#{self.to_s}#{association_id.to_s.camelize}AssociationExtension"
-
-          silence_warnings do
-            Object.const_set(extension_module_name, Module.new(&block_extension))
-          end
-
-          Array(extensions).push(extension_module_name.constantize)
-        end
-
-        class JoinDependency # :nodoc:
-          attr_reader :joins, :reflections, :table_aliases
-
-          def initialize(base, associations, joins)
-            @joins                 = [JoinBase.new(base, joins)]
-            @associations          = associations
-            @reflections           = []
-            @base_records_hash     = {}
-            @base_records_in_order = []
-            @table_aliases         = Hash.new { |aliases, table| aliases[table] = 0 }
-            @table_aliases[base.table_name] = 1
-            build(associations)
-          end
-
-          def join_associations
-            @joins[1..-1].to_a
-          end
-
-          def join_base
-            @joins[0]
-          end
-
-          def instantiate(rows)
-            rows.each_with_index do |row, i|
-              primary_id = join_base.record_id(row)
-              unless @base_records_hash[primary_id]
-                @base_records_in_order << (@base_records_hash[primary_id] = join_base.instantiate(row))
-              end
-              construct(@base_records_hash[primary_id], @associations, join_associations.dup, row)
-            end
-            remove_duplicate_results!(join_base.active_record, @base_records_in_order, @associations)
-            return @base_records_in_order
-          end
-
-          def remove_duplicate_results!(base, records, associations)
-            case associations
-              when Symbol, String
-                reflection = base.reflections[associations]
-                if reflection && [:has_many, :has_and_belongs_to_many].include?(reflection.macro)
-                  records.each { |record| record.send(reflection.name).target.uniq! }
-                end
-              when Array
-                associations.each do |association|
-                  remove_duplicate_results!(base, records, association)
-                end
-              when Hash
-                associations.keys.each do |name|
-                  reflection = base.reflections[name]
-                  is_collection = [:has_many, :has_and_belongs_to_many].include?(reflection.macro)
-
-                  parent_records = records.map do |record|
-                    next unless record.send(reflection.name)
-                    is_collection ? record.send(reflection.name).target.uniq! : record.send(reflection.name)
-                  end.flatten.compact
-
-                  remove_duplicate_results!(reflection.class_name.constantize, parent_records, associations[name]) unless parent_records.empty?
-                end
-            end
-          end
-
-          protected
-            def build(associations, parent = nil)
-              parent ||= @joins.last
-              case associations
-                when Symbol, String
-                  reflection = parent.reflections[associations.to_s.intern] or
-                  raise ConfigurationError, "Association named '#{ associations }' was not found; perhaps you misspelled it?"
-                  @reflections << reflection
-                  @joins << build_join_association(reflection, parent)
-                when Array
-                  associations.each do |association|
-                    build(association, parent)
-                  end
-                when Hash
-                  associations.keys.sort{|a,b|a.to_s<=>b.to_s}.each do |name|
-                    build(name, parent)
-                    build(associations[name])
-                  end
-                else
-                  raise ConfigurationError, associations.inspect
-              end
-            end
-
-            # overridden in InnerJoinDependency subclass
-            def build_join_association(reflection, parent)
-              JoinAssociation.new(reflection, self, parent)
-            end
-
-            def construct(parent, associations, joins, row)
-              case associations
-                when Symbol, String
-                  while (join = joins.shift).reflection.name.to_s != associations.to_s
-                    raise ConfigurationError, "Not Enough Associations" if joins.empty?
-                  end
-                  construct_association(parent, join, row)
-                when Array
-                  associations.each do |association|
-                    construct(parent, association, joins, row)
-                  end
-                when Hash
-                  associations.keys.sort{|a,b|a.to_s<=>b.to_s}.each do |name|
-                    association = construct_association(parent, joins.shift, row)
-                    construct(association, associations[name], joins, row) if association
-                  end
-                else
-                  raise ConfigurationError, associations.inspect
-              end
-            end
-
-            def construct_association(record, join, row)
-              case join.reflection.macro
-                when :has_many, :has_and_belongs_to_many
-                  collection = record.send(join.reflection.name)
-                  collection.loaded
-
-                  return nil if record.id.to_s != join.parent.record_id(row).to_s or row[join.aliased_primary_key].nil?
-                  association = join.instantiate(row)
-                  collection.target.push(association)
-                when :has_one
-                  return if record.id.to_s != join.parent.record_id(row).to_s
-                  association = join.instantiate(row) unless row[join.aliased_primary_key].nil?
-                  record.send("set_#{join.reflection.name}_target", association)
-                when :belongs_to
-                  return if record.id.to_s != join.parent.record_id(row).to_s or row[join.aliased_primary_key].nil?
-                  association = join.instantiate(row)
-                  record.send("set_#{join.reflection.name}_target", association)
-                else
-                  raise ConfigurationError, "unknown macro: #{join.reflection.macro}"
-              end
-              return association
-            end
-
-          class JoinBase # :nodoc:
-            attr_reader :active_record, :table_joins
-            delegate    :table_name, :column_names, :primary_key, :reflections, :sanitize_sql, :to => :active_record
-
-            def initialize(active_record, joins = nil)
-              @active_record = active_record
-              @cached_record = {}
-              @table_joins   = joins
-            end
-
-            def aliased_prefix
-              "t0"
-            end
-
-            def aliased_primary_key
-              "#{ aliased_prefix }_r0"
-            end
-
-            def aliased_table_name
-              active_record.table_name
-            end
-
-            def column_names_with_alias
-              unless @column_names_with_alias
-                @column_names_with_alias = []
-                ([primary_key] + (column_names - [primary_key])).each_with_index do |column_name, i|
-                  @column_names_with_alias << [column_name, "#{ aliased_prefix }_r#{ i }"]
-                end
-              end
-              return @column_names_with_alias
-            end
-
-            def extract_record(row)
-              column_names_with_alias.inject({}){|record, (cn, an)| record[cn] = row[an]; record}
-            end
-
-            def record_id(row)
-              row[aliased_primary_key]
-            end
-
-            def instantiate(row)
-              @cached_record[record_id(row)] ||= active_record.send(:instantiate, extract_record(row))
-            end
-          end
-
-          class JoinAssociation < JoinBase # :nodoc:
-            attr_reader :reflection, :parent, :aliased_table_name, :aliased_prefix, :aliased_join_table_name, :parent_table_name
-            delegate    :options, :klass, :through_reflection, :source_reflection, :to => :reflection
-
-            def initialize(reflection, join_dependency, parent = nil)
-              reflection.check_validity!
-              if reflection.options[:polymorphic]
-                raise EagerLoadPolymorphicError.new(reflection)
-              end
-
-              super(reflection.klass)
-              @parent             = parent
-              @reflection         = reflection
-              @aliased_prefix     = "t#{ join_dependency.joins.size }"
-              @aliased_table_name = table_name #.tr('.', '_') # start with the table name, sub out any .'s
-              @parent_table_name  = parent.active_record.table_name
-
-              if !parent.table_joins.blank? && parent.table_joins.to_s.downcase =~ %r{join(\s+\w+)?\s+#{aliased_table_name.downcase}\son}
-                join_dependency.table_aliases[aliased_table_name] += 1
-              end
-              
-              unless join_dependency.table_aliases[aliased_table_name].zero?
-                # if the table name has been used, then use an alias
-                @aliased_table_name = active_record.connection.table_alias_for "#{pluralize(reflection.name)}_#{parent_table_name}"
-                table_index = join_dependency.table_aliases[aliased_table_name]
-                join_dependency.table_aliases[aliased_table_name] += 1
-                @aliased_table_name = @aliased_table_name[0..active_record.connection.table_alias_length-3] + "_#{table_index+1}" if table_index > 0
-              else
-                join_dependency.table_aliases[aliased_table_name] += 1
-              end
-              
-              if reflection.macro == :has_and_belongs_to_many || (reflection.macro == :has_many && reflection.options[:through])
-                @aliased_join_table_name = reflection.macro == :has_and_belongs_to_many ? reflection.options[:join_table] : reflection.through_reflection.klass.table_name
-                unless join_dependency.table_aliases[aliased_join_table_name].zero?
-                  @aliased_join_table_name = active_record.connection.table_alias_for "#{pluralize(reflection.name)}_#{parent_table_name}_join"
-                  table_index = join_dependency.table_aliases[aliased_join_table_name]
-                  join_dependency.table_aliases[aliased_join_table_name] += 1
-                  @aliased_join_table_name = @aliased_join_table_name[0..active_record.connection.table_alias_length-3] + "_#{table_index+1}" if table_index > 0
-                else
-                  join_dependency.table_aliases[aliased_join_table_name] += 1
-                end
-              end
-            end
-
-            def association_join
-              connection = reflection.active_record.connection
-              join = case reflection.macro
-                when :has_and_belongs_to_many
-                  " #{join_type} %s ON %s.%s = %s.%s " % [
-                     table_alias_for(options[:join_table], aliased_join_table_name),
-                     connection.quote_table_name(aliased_join_table_name),
-                     options[:foreign_key] || reflection.active_record.to_s.foreign_key,
-                     connection.quote_table_name(parent.aliased_table_name),
-		     reflection.active_record.primary_key] +
-                  " #{join_type} %s ON %s.%s = %s.%s " % [
-                     table_name_and_alias,
-		     connection.quote_table_name(aliased_table_name),
-		     klass.primary_key,
-                     connection.quote_table_name(aliased_join_table_name),
-		     options[:association_foreign_key] || klass.to_s.foreign_key
-                     ]
-                when :has_many, :has_one
-                  case
-                    when reflection.macro == :has_many && reflection.options[:through]
-                      through_conditions = through_reflection.options[:conditions] ? "AND #{interpolate_sql(sanitize_sql(through_reflection.options[:conditions]))}" : ''
-                      
-                      jt_foreign_key = jt_as_extra = jt_source_extra = jt_sti_extra = nil 
-                      first_key = second_key = as_extra = nil 
-                      
-                      if through_reflection.options[:as] # has_many :through against a polymorphic join
-                        jt_foreign_key = through_reflection.options[:as].to_s + '_id'
-                        jt_as_extra = " AND %s.%s = %s" % [
-                          connection.quote_table_name(aliased_join_table_name),
-                          connection.quote_column_name(through_reflection.options[:as].to_s + '_type'),
-                          klass.quote_value(parent.active_record.base_class.name)
-                        ]
-                      else
-                        jt_foreign_key = through_reflection.primary_key_name 
-                      end
-                        
-                      case source_reflection.macro
-                      when :has_many
-                        if source_reflection.options[:as] 
-                          first_key   = "#{source_reflection.options[:as]}_id" 
-                          second_key  = options[:foreign_key] || primary_key 
-                          as_extra    = " AND %s.%s = %s" % [
-                            connection.quote_table_name(aliased_table_name),
-                            connection.quote_column_name("#{source_reflection.options[:as]}_type"),
-                            klass.quote_value(source_reflection.active_record.base_class.name) 
-                          ]
-                        else
-                          first_key   = through_reflection.klass.base_class.to_s.foreign_key
-                          second_key  = options[:foreign_key] || primary_key
-                        end
-                        
-                        unless through_reflection.klass.descends_from_active_record?
-                          jt_sti_extra = " AND %s.%s = %s" % [
-                            connection.quote_table_name(aliased_join_table_name),
-                            connection.quote_column_name(through_reflection.active_record.inheritance_column),
-                            through_reflection.klass.quote_value(through_reflection.klass.name.demodulize)]
-                        end
-                      when :belongs_to
-                        first_key = primary_key
-                        if reflection.options[:source_type]
-                          second_key = source_reflection.association_foreign_key
-                          jt_source_extra = " AND %s.%s = %s" % [
-                            connection.quote_table_name(aliased_join_table_name),
-                            connection.quote_column_name(reflection.source_reflection.options[:foreign_type]),
-                            klass.quote_value(reflection.options[:source_type])
-                          ]
-                        else
-                          second_key = source_reflection.primary_key_name
-                        end
-                      end
-
-                      " #{join_type} %s ON (%s.%s = %s.%s%s%s%s) " % [
-                        table_alias_for(through_reflection.klass.table_name, aliased_join_table_name),
-                        connection.quote_table_name(parent.aliased_table_name),
-			connection.quote_column_name(parent.primary_key),
-                        connection.quote_table_name(aliased_join_table_name),
-			connection.quote_column_name(jt_foreign_key),
-                        jt_as_extra, jt_source_extra, jt_sti_extra
-                      ] +
-                      " #{join_type} %s ON (%s.%s = %s.%s%s) " % [
-                        table_name_and_alias, 
-                        connection.quote_table_name(aliased_table_name),
-			connection.quote_column_name(first_key),
-                        connection.quote_table_name(aliased_join_table_name),
-			connection.quote_column_name(second_key),
-                        as_extra
-                      ]
-
-                    when reflection.options[:as] && [:has_many, :has_one].include?(reflection.macro)
-                      " #{join_type} %s ON %s.%s = %s.%s AND %s.%s = %s" % [
-                        table_name_and_alias,
-                        connection.quote_table_name(aliased_table_name),
-			"#{reflection.options[:as]}_id",
-                        connection.quote_table_name(parent.aliased_table_name),
-			parent.primary_key,
-                        connection.quote_table_name(aliased_table_name),
-			"#{reflection.options[:as]}_type",
-                        klass.quote_value(parent.active_record.base_class.name)
-                      ]
-                    else
-                      foreign_key = options[:foreign_key] || reflection.active_record.name.foreign_key
-                      " #{join_type} %s ON %s.%s = %s.%s " % [
-                        table_name_and_alias,
-                        aliased_table_name,
-			foreign_key,
-                        parent.aliased_table_name,
-			parent.primary_key
-                      ]
-                  end
-                when :belongs_to
-                  " #{join_type} %s ON %s.%s = %s.%s " % [
-                     table_name_and_alias,
-		     connection.quote_table_name(aliased_table_name),
-		     reflection.klass.primary_key,
-                     connection.quote_table_name(parent.aliased_table_name),
-		     options[:foreign_key] || klass.to_s.foreign_key
-                    ]
-                else
-                  ""
-              end || ''
-              join << %(AND %s.%s = %s ) % [
-                connection.quote_table_name(aliased_table_name),
-                connection.quote_column_name(klass.inheritance_column),
-                klass.quote_value(klass.name.demodulize)] unless klass.descends_from_active_record?
-
-              [through_reflection, reflection].each do |ref|
-                join << "AND #{interpolate_sql(sanitize_sql(ref.options[:conditions]))} " if ref && ref.options[:conditions]
-              end
-
-              join
-            end
-            
-            protected
-
-              def pluralize(table_name)
-                ActiveRecord::Base.pluralize_table_names ? table_name.to_s.pluralize : table_name
-              end
-              
-              def table_alias_for(table_name, table_alias)
-	         "#{reflection.active_record.connection.quote_table_name(table_name)} #{table_alias if table_name != table_alias}".strip
-              end
-
-              def table_name_and_alias
-                table_alias_for table_name, @aliased_table_name
-              end
-
-              def interpolate_sql(sql)
-                instance_eval("%@#{sql.gsub('@', '\@')}@") 
-              end 
-
-            private
-
-              def join_type
-                "LEFT OUTER JOIN"
-              end
-          end
-        end
-
-        class InnerJoinDependency < JoinDependency # :nodoc:
-          protected
-            def build_join_association(reflection, parent)
-              InnerJoinAssociation.new(reflection, self, parent)
-            end
-
-          class InnerJoinAssociation < JoinAssociation
-            private
-              def join_type
-                "INNER JOIN"
-              end
-          end
-        end
-
-    end
-  end
-end