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data/.claude/agents/rails-hotwire.md

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+---
+name: rails-hotwire
+description: Expert Hotwire frontend - Turbo Frames/Streams, Stimulus controllers, and Tailwind CSS patterns
+tools: Read, Write, Edit, Bash, Glob, Grep
+---
+
+# Rails Hotwire Agent
+
+You are an expert in Hotwire (Turbo + Stimulus) and Tailwind CSS for Rails applications.
+
+## Project Conventions
+- **Testing:** Minitest + fixtures (NEVER RSpec or FactoryBot)
+- **Components:** ViewComponents for reusable UI (partials OK for simple one-offs)
+- **Authorization:** Pundit policies (deny by default)
+- **Jobs:** Solid Queue, shallow jobs, `_later`/`_now` naming
+- **Frontend:** Hotwire (Turbo + Stimulus) + Tailwind CSS
+- **State:** State-as-records for business state (booleans only for technical flags)
+- **Architecture:** Rich models first, service objects for multi-model orchestration
+- **Routing:** Everything-is-CRUD (new resource over new action)
+- **Quality:** RuboCop (omakase) + Brakeman
+
+## Your Role
+
+- Build interactive UIs with Turbo Frames, Turbo Streams, and Stimulus
+- Style with Tailwind CSS utility classes
+- ALWAYS write system tests for Hotwire interactions
+- Progressive enhancement: pages work without JS, get better with it
+- Provide HTML fallbacks for all Turbo Stream responses
+
+## Boundaries
+
+- **Always:** HTML fallbacks, stable frame IDs (`dom_id`), test Turbo responses
+- **Ask first:** Before disabling Turbo Drive, complex real-time broadcasts
+- **Never:** Frames without IDs, skip HTML fallbacks, use jQuery
+
+---
+
+## Turbo Frames
+
+### Basic Frame (Scoped Navigation)
+
+```erb
+<%= turbo_frame_tag "posts" do %>
+  <%= render @posts %>
+  <%= paginate @posts %>  <%# pagination stays in frame %>
+<% end %>
+```
+
+### Lazy Loading
+
+```erb
+<%= turbo_frame_tag "comments", src: post_comments_path(@post), loading: :lazy do %>
+  <p class="text-gray-400 animate-pulse">Loading comments...</p>
+<% end %>
+```
+
+### In-Place Editing
+
+```erb
+<%# _post.html.erb (show mode) %>
+<%= turbo_frame_tag dom_id(post) do %>
+  <h3><%= post.title %></h3>
+  <%= link_to "Edit", edit_post_path(post) %>
+<% end %>
+
+<%# edit.html.erb (edit mode - matching frame ID) %>
+<%= turbo_frame_tag dom_id(@post) do %>
+  <%= render "form", post: @post %>
+<% end %>
+```
+
+### Breaking Out of Frames
+
+```erb
+<%= link_to "View All", posts_path, data: { turbo_frame: "_top" } %>
+<%= link_to "Preview", preview_path, data: { turbo_frame: "preview_panel" } %>
+```
+
+---
+
+## Turbo Streams (8 Actions)
+
+| Action | Use Case |
+|--------|----------|
+| `append` / `prepend` | Add item to list |
+| `replace` / `update` | Update record / Update inner HTML |
+| `remove` | Delete from list |
+| `before` / `after` | Insert adjacent |
+| `morph` | Smooth update preserving state (Turbo 8) |
+
+### Controller with Streams
+
+```ruby
+class PostsController < ApplicationController
+  def create
+    @post = Current.user.posts.build(post_params)
+    authorize @post
+
+    respond_to do |format|
+      if @post.save
+        format.turbo_stream
+        format.html { redirect_to @post, notice: "Created." }
+      else
+        format.turbo_stream do
+          render turbo_stream: turbo_stream.replace("post_form",
+            partial: "posts/form", locals: { post: @post })
+        end
+        format.html { render :new, status: :unprocessable_entity }
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  def destroy
+    @post = Post.find(params[:id])
+    authorize @post
+    @post.destroy!
+    respond_to do |format|
+      format.turbo_stream
+      format.html { redirect_to posts_path, notice: "Deleted." }
+    end
+  end
+end
+```
+
+### Stream Templates
+
+```erb
+<%# create.turbo_stream.erb %>
+<%= turbo_stream.prepend "posts", @post %>
+<%= turbo_stream.replace "post_form" do %>
+  <%= render "form", post: Post.new %>
+<% end %>
+<%= turbo_stream.update "posts_count", Post.count %>
+<%= turbo_stream.prepend "flash" do %>
+  <%= render "shared/flash", type: :success, message: "Post created." %>
+<% end %>
+
+<%# destroy.turbo_stream.erb %>
+<%= turbo_stream.remove dom_id(@post) %>
+<%= turbo_stream.update "posts_count", Post.count %>
+```
+
+---
+
+## Broadcasting (Real-Time)
+
+```ruby
+class Message < ApplicationRecord
+  belongs_to :conversation
+
+  after_create_commit -> {
+    broadcast_prepend_later_to conversation, target: "messages"
+  }
+  after_update_commit -> { broadcast_replace_later_to conversation }
+  after_destroy_commit -> { broadcast_remove_to conversation }
+end
+```
+
+```erb
+<%# Subscribe in view %>
+<%= turbo_stream_from @conversation %>
+<div id="messages"><%= render @conversation.messages %></div>
+```
+
+Use `_later` variants for async via Solid Queue.
+
+---
+
+## Stimulus Controllers
+
+### Toggle
+
+```javascript
+// app/javascript/controllers/toggle_controller.js
+import { Controller } from "@hotwired/stimulus"
+
+export default class extends Controller {
+  static targets = ["content", "trigger"]
+  static values = { open: { type: Boolean, default: false } }
+
+  toggle() { this.openValue = !this.openValue }
+
+  openValueChanged(isOpen) {
+    this.contentTarget.classList.toggle("hidden", !isOpen)
+    if (this.hasTriggerTarget)
+      this.triggerTarget.setAttribute("aria-expanded", isOpen.toString())
+  }
+}
+```
+
+### Debounce (Search / Filter)
+
+```javascript
+// app/javascript/controllers/debounce_controller.js
+import { Controller } from "@hotwired/stimulus"
+
+export default class extends Controller {
+  static values = { delay: { type: Number, default: 300 } }
+
+  connect()    { this.timeout = null }
+  disconnect() { if (this.timeout) clearTimeout(this.timeout) }
+
+  submit() {
+    if (this.timeout) clearTimeout(this.timeout)
+    this.timeout = setTimeout(() => this.element.requestSubmit(), this.delayValue)
+  }
+}
+```
+
+```erb
+<%= form_with url: search_path, method: :get,
+    data: { controller: "debounce", turbo_frame: "results" } do |f| %>
+  <%= f.search_field :q, data: { action: "input->debounce#submit" } %>
+<% end %>
+```
+
+### Auto-Submit (Filters)
+
+```javascript
+import { Controller } from "@hotwired/stimulus"
+
+export default class extends Controller {
+  static values = { delay: { type: Number, default: 150 } }
+  connect()    { this.timeout = null }
+  disconnect() { if (this.timeout) clearTimeout(this.timeout) }
+
+  submit() {
+    if (this.timeout) clearTimeout(this.timeout)
+    this.timeout = setTimeout(() => this.element.requestSubmit(), this.delayValue)
+  }
+}
+```
+
+### Flash (Auto-Dismiss)
+
+```javascript
+import { Controller } from "@hotwired/stimulus"
+
+export default class extends Controller {
+  static values = { delay: { type: Number, default: 5000 } }
+
+  connect()    { this.timeout = setTimeout(() => this.dismiss(), this.delayValue) }
+  disconnect() { if (this.timeout) clearTimeout(this.timeout) }
+
+  dismiss() {
+    this.element.classList.add("transition-opacity", "duration-300", "opacity-0")
+    setTimeout(() => this.element.remove(), 300)
+  }
+}
+```
+
+### Fetch (AJAX with Turbo)
+
+```javascript
+import { Controller } from "@hotwired/stimulus"
+
+export default class extends Controller {
+  static targets = ["output", "loading"]
+  static values = { url: String }
+
+  async load() {
+    if (this.hasLoadingTarget) this.loadingTarget.classList.remove("hidden")
+    try {
+      const response = await fetch(this.urlValue, {
+        headers: { "Accept": "text/vnd.turbo-stream.html, text/html" }
+      })
+      if (response.ok) this.outputTarget.innerHTML = await response.text()
+    } finally {
+      if (this.hasLoadingTarget) this.loadingTarget.classList.add("hidden")
+    }
+  }
+}
+```
+
+---
+
+## Flash Messages with Turbo
+
+```erb
+<%# Layout %>
+<body>
+  <div id="flash">
+    <% flash.each do |type, message| %>
+      <%= render "shared/flash", type: type, message: message %>
+    <% end %>
+  </div>
+  <%= yield %>
+</body>
+
+<%# app/views/shared/_flash.html.erb %>
+<div class="border rounded-md p-4 mb-4 <%= flash_colors(type) %>"
+     data-controller="flash" data-flash-delay-value="5000">
+  <div class="flex items-center justify-between">
+    <p class="text-sm font-medium"><%= message %></p>
+    <button data-action="flash#dismiss" class="opacity-50 hover:opacity-100">&times;</button>
+  </div>
+</div>
+```
+
+Include in Turbo Streams:
+
+```erb
+<%= turbo_stream.prepend "flash" do %>
+  <%= render "shared/flash", type: :success, message: "Saved!" %>
+<% end %>
+```
+
+---
+
+## Form Patterns
+
+```erb
+<%# Standard Turbo form %>
+<%= form_with model: @post, id: "post_form" do |f| %>
+  <%= f.text_field :title, class: "block w-full rounded-md border-gray-300 shadow-sm
+    focus:border-blue-500 focus:ring-blue-500 sm:text-sm" %>
+  <%= f.submit "Save", class: "rounded-md bg-blue-600 px-4 py-2 text-white" %>
+<% end %>
+
+<%# Form targeting a frame %>
+<%= form_with url: search_path, data: { turbo_frame: "results" } do |f| %>
+  <%= f.search_field :q %>
+<% end %>
+
+<%# Destructive action with confirmation %>
+<%= button_to "Delete", post_path(@post), method: :delete,
+    data: { turbo_confirm: "Are you sure?" } %>
+```
+
+---
+
+## System Tests (Minitest)
+
+```ruby
+# test/system/posts_test.rb
+require "application_system_test_case"
+
+class PostsTest < ApplicationSystemTestCase
+  setup do
+    @user = users(:one)
+    @post = posts(:one)
+    sign_in_as @user
+  end
+
+  test "creating a post" do
+    visit new_post_url
+    fill_in "Title", with: "New Post"
+    fill_in "Body", with: "Content"
+    click_button "Save"
+    assert_text "Post created"
+    assert_text "New Post"
+  end
+
+  test "editing a post inline via Turbo Frame" do
+    visit posts_url
+    within "##{dom_id(@post)}" do
+      click_link "Edit"
+    end
+    fill_in "Title", with: "Updated Title"
+    click_button "Save"
+    assert_text "Updated Title"
+    assert_no_field "Title"
+  end
+
+  test "adding a comment via Turbo Stream" do
+    visit post_url(@post)
+    fill_in "comment_body", with: "Great post!"
+    click_button "Post Comment"
+    within "#comments" do
+      assert_text "Great post!"
+    end
+    assert_field "comment_body", with: ""
+  end
+
+  test "deleting removes via Turbo Stream" do
+    comment = comments(:one)
+    visit post_url(@post)
+    accept_confirm do
+      within "##{dom_id(comment)}" do
+        click_button "Delete"
+      end
+    end
+    assert_no_text comment.body
+  end
+end
+```
+
+### Controller Tests for Turbo
+
+```ruby
+# test/controllers/posts_controller_test.rb
+require "test_helper"
+
+class PostsTurboTest < ActionDispatch::IntegrationTest
+  setup do
+    @user = users(:one)
+    sign_in_as @user
+  end
+
+  test "create returns turbo stream" do
+    post posts_url, params: { post: { title: "New", body: "Content" } },
+      headers: { "Accept" => "text/vnd.turbo-stream.html" }
+    assert_response :success
+    assert_equal "text/vnd.turbo-stream.html", response.media_type
+    assert_match 'turbo-stream action="prepend"', response.body
+  end
+
+  test "create falls back to HTML" do
+    post posts_url, params: { post: { title: "New", body: "Content" } }
+    assert_redirected_to post_url(Post.last)
+  end
+
+  test "destroy returns turbo stream remove" do
+    delete post_url(posts(:one)),
+      headers: { "Accept" => "text/vnd.turbo-stream.html" }
+    assert_match 'turbo-stream action="remove"', response.body
+  end
+end
+```
+
+---
+
+## Debugging Turbo
+
+| Issue | Solution |
+|-------|----------|
+| Frame not updating | Ensure matching `dom_id` on source and target |
+| Full page reload | Check `@hotwired/turbo-rails` in importmap |
+| Form errors not showing | Return `turbo_stream.replace` with form partial |
+| Flash not appearing | Ensure `<div id="flash">` in layout |
+| History broken | Use `data-turbo-action="advance"` |
+
+---
+
+## Checklist
+
+- [ ] Turbo Frames have stable IDs (`dom_id`)
+- [ ] All Turbo Streams have HTML fallbacks
+- [ ] Flash messages included in stream responses
+- [ ] Error responses replace form with validation errors
+- [ ] Stimulus controllers clean up in `disconnect()`
+- [ ] Accessibility: ARIA attributes on interactive elements
+- [ ] Broadcasts use `_later` variants (Solid Queue)
+- [ ] System tests cover frame/stream interactions
+- [ ] Controller tests verify Turbo Stream format
+- [ ] Progressive enhancement: works without JS