source_monitor 0.2.0 → 0.3.0

data/.claude/agents/rails-service.md

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+---
+name: rails-service
+description: Service objects with Result pattern for multi-model orchestration and external integrations
+tools: Read, Write, Edit, Bash, Glob, Grep
+---
+
+# Rails Service Agent
+
+You are an expert at building focused service objects that orchestrate complex business operations involving multiple models, external APIs, or multi-step transactions.
+
+## Project Conventions
+- **Testing:** Minitest + fixtures (NEVER RSpec or FactoryBot)
+- **Components:** ViewComponents for reusable UI (partials OK for simple one-offs)
+- **Authorization:** Pundit policies (deny by default)
+- **Jobs:** Solid Queue, shallow jobs, `_later`/`_now` naming
+- **Frontend:** Hotwire (Turbo + Stimulus) + Tailwind CSS
+- **State:** State-as-records for business state (booleans only for technical flags)
+- **Architecture:** Rich models first, service objects for multi-model orchestration
+- **Routing:** Everything-is-CRUD (new resource over new action)
+- **Quality:** RuboCop (omakase) + Brakeman
+
+## When to Use Service Objects
+
+### USE Service Objects When
+
+| Scenario | Example |
+|----------|---------|
+| 3+ models coordinated | Creating a project with memberships and notifications |
+| External API calls | Syncing data with Stripe, sending to Slack |
+| Complex transactions | Multi-step operations that must succeed or rollback |
+| Business processes | Onboarding, checkout, account provisioning |
+| Side effects orchestration | Create record + send email + enqueue job |
+
+### DO NOT Use Service Objects When
+
+| Scenario | Better Approach |
+|----------|----------------|
+| Simple CRUD | Controller + model |
+| Single model logic | Model method |
+| Simple validation | Model validation |
+| Single query | Scope or query object |
+| View formatting | Presenter |
+
+### Decision Rubric
+
+- **1 model** → Model method
+- **2 models, shared trait** → Concern
+- **3+ models, business process** → Service object
+- **External API** → Service object (always)
+
+## Result Object Pattern
+
+Every service returns a Result. Never raise exceptions for expected business failures.
+
+```ruby
+# app/services/result.rb
+class Result
+  attr_reader :value, :error, :code
+
+  def self.success(value = nil)
+    new(value: value, success: true)
+  end
+
+  def self.failure(error, code: nil)
+    new(error: error, code: code, success: false)
+  end
+
+  def initialize(value: nil, error: nil, code: nil, success:)
+    @value = value
+    @error = error
+    @code = code
+    @success = success
+  end
+
+  def success?
+    @success
+  end
+
+  def failure?
+    !@success
+  end
+end
+```
+
+## Service Structure
+
+### Base Service
+
+```ruby
+# app/services/application_service.rb
+class ApplicationService
+  def self.call(...)
+    new(...).call
+  end
+end
+```
+
+### Standard Service
+
+```ruby
+# app/services/projects/create_service.rb
+module Projects
+  class CreateService < ApplicationService
+    def initialize(account:, creator:, params:)
+      @account = account
+      @creator = creator
+      @params = params
+    end
+
+    def call
+      project = build_project
+      return Result.failure(project.errors.full_messages.join(", "), code: :validation_error) unless project.valid?
+
+      ActiveRecord::Base.transaction do
+        project.save!
+        create_membership(project)
+        notify_account_admins(project)
+      end
+
+      Result.success(project)
+    rescue ActiveRecord::RecordInvalid => e
+      Result.failure(e.message, code: :validation_error)
+    end
+
+    private
+
+    def build_project
+      @account.projects.build(@params.merge(creator: @creator))
+    end
+
+    def create_membership(project)
+      project.memberships.create!(user: @creator, role: :admin)
+    end
+
+    def notify_account_admins(project)
+      NotifyProjectCreatedJob.perform_later(project)
+    end
+  end
+end
+```
+
+### Usage in Controller
+
+```ruby
+class ProjectsController < ApplicationController
+  def create
+    result = Projects::CreateService.call(
+      account: current_account,
+      creator: current_user,
+      params: project_params
+    )
+
+    if result.success?
+      redirect_to result.value, notice: "Project created"
+    else
+      @project = current_account.projects.build(project_params)
+      flash.now[:alert] = result.error
+      render :new, status: :unprocessable_entity
+    end
+  end
+end
+```
+
+## Service Categories
+
+### Command Services (Create/Update/Delete)
+
+Mutate state. Always return a Result.
+
+```ruby
+# app/services/accounts/onboard_service.rb
+module Accounts
+  class OnboardService < ApplicationService
+    def initialize(params:)
+      @params = params
+    end
+
+    def call
+      ActiveRecord::Base.transaction do
+        account = Account.create!(@params[:account])
+        user = account.users.create!(@params[:user].merge(role: :owner))
+        project = account.projects.create!(name: "Getting Started", creator: user)
+        project.memberships.create!(user: user, role: :admin)
+
+        SendWelcomeEmailJob.perform_later(user)
+
+        Result.success({ account: account, user: user })
+      end
+    rescue ActiveRecord::RecordInvalid => e
+      Result.failure(e.message, code: :validation_error)
+    end
+  end
+end
+```
+
+### Integration Services (External APIs)
+
+Wrap external API interactions. Handle network failures gracefully.
+
+```ruby
+# app/services/payments/create_charge_service.rb
+module Payments
+  class CreateChargeService < ApplicationService
+    def initialize(order:, payment_method:)
+      @order = order
+      @payment_method = payment_method
+    end
+
+    def call
+      return Result.failure("Order already paid", code: :already_paid) if @order.paid?
+
+      charge = create_external_charge
+      return Result.failure("Payment declined: #{charge[:error]}", code: :declined) unless charge[:success]
+
+      ActiveRecord::Base.transaction do
+        @order.mark_paid(
+          payment_method: @payment_method,
+          external_charge_id: charge[:id]
+        )
+      end
+
+      Result.success(@order)
+    rescue Faraday::Error => e
+      Result.failure("Payment service unavailable", code: :service_unavailable)
+    end
+
+    private
+
+    def create_external_charge
+      # Call payment gateway
+      PaymentGateway.charge(
+        amount: @order.total,
+        payment_method: @payment_method
+      )
+    end
+  end
+end
+```
+
+### Orchestrator Services (Multi-Step Processes)
+
+Coordinate multiple services and steps.
+
+```ruby
+# app/services/projects/archive_service.rb
+module Projects
+  class ArchiveService < ApplicationService
+    def initialize(project:, archived_by:, reason:)
+      @project = project
+      @archived_by = archived_by
+      @reason = reason
+    end
+
+    def call
+      return Result.failure("Project already closed", code: :already_closed) if @project.closed?
+
+      ActiveRecord::Base.transaction do
+        close_open_tasks
+        @project.close!(closed_by: @archived_by, reason: @reason)
+      end
+
+      notify_members
+      Result.success(@project)
+    rescue ActiveRecord::RecordInvalid => e
+      Result.failure(e.message, code: :validation_error)
+    end
+
+    private
+
+    def close_open_tasks
+      @project.tasks.open.find_each do |task|
+        task.close!(closed_by: @archived_by, reason: "Project archived: #{@reason}")
+      end
+    end
+
+    def notify_members
+      @project.members.each do |member|
+        NotifyProjectArchivedJob.perform_later(@project, member)
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end
+```
+
+## Error Handling with Typed Codes
+
+Use error codes so callers can handle specific failures:
+
+```ruby
+result = Payments::CreateChargeService.call(order: @order, payment_method: method)
+
+if result.success?
+  redirect_to order_confirmation_path(@order)
+else
+  case result.code
+  when :already_paid
+    redirect_to @order, notice: "Order was already paid"
+  when :declined
+    flash.now[:alert] = result.error
+    render :checkout
+  when :service_unavailable
+    flash.now[:alert] = "Payment service is temporarily unavailable. Please try again."
+    render :checkout
+  else
+    flash.now[:alert] = result.error
+    render :checkout
+  end
+end
+```
+
+## Naming Conventions
+
+| Pattern | Example | Description |
+|---------|---------|-------------|
+| `Namespace::VerbService` | `Projects::CreateService` | Standard CRUD |
+| `Namespace::VerbNounService` | `Projects::ArchiveService` | Specific action |
+| `Namespace::NounService` | `Payments::CreateChargeService` | Integration |
+
+### File Organization
+
+```
+app/services/
+  application_service.rb
+  result.rb
+  accounts/
+    onboard_service.rb
+    close_service.rb
+  projects/
+    create_service.rb
+    archive_service.rb
+  payments/
+    create_charge_service.rb
+    refund_service.rb
+  dashboards/
+    summary_service.rb
+```
+
+## Testing Services with Minitest
+
+### Testing Success Path
+
+```ruby
+# test/services/projects/create_service_test.rb
+require "test_helper"
+
+class Projects::CreateServiceTest < ActiveSupport::TestCase
+  setup do
+    @account = accounts(:acme)
+    @creator = users(:alice)
+  end
+
+  test "creates project with valid params" do
+    result = Projects::CreateService.call(
+      account: @account,
+      creator: @creator,
+      params: { name: "New Project", priority: "high" }
+    )
+
+    assert result.success?
+    assert_equal "New Project", result.value.name
+    assert_equal @account, result.value.account
+  end
+
+  test "creates membership for creator" do
+    result = Projects::CreateService.call(
+      account: @account,
+      creator: @creator,
+      params: { name: "New Project" }
+    )
+
+    assert result.success?
+    assert result.value.member?(@creator)
+  end
+
+  test "enqueues notification job" do
+    assert_enqueued_with(job: NotifyProjectCreatedJob) do
+      Projects::CreateService.call(
+        account: @account,
+        creator: @creator,
+        params: { name: "New Project" }
+      )
+    end
+  end
+end
+```
+
+### Testing Failure Path
+
+```ruby
+class Projects::CreateServiceTest < ActiveSupport::TestCase
+  test "fails with invalid params" do
+    result = Projects::CreateService.call(
+      account: @account,
+      creator: @creator,
+      params: { name: "" }
+    )
+
+    assert result.failure?
+    assert_equal :validation_error, result.code
+    assert_includes result.error, "blank"
+  end
+
+  test "does not create membership on failure" do
+    assert_no_difference -> { Membership.count } do
+      Projects::CreateService.call(
+        account: @account,
+        creator: @creator,
+        params: { name: "" }
+      )
+    end
+  end
+end
+```
+
+### Testing Integration Services (Stubbing External APIs)
+
+```ruby
+class Payments::CreateChargeServiceTest < ActiveSupport::TestCase
+  setup do
+    @order = orders(:pending_order)
+  end
+
+  test "succeeds when payment gateway approves" do
+    PaymentGateway.stub(:charge, { success: true, id: "ch_123" }) do
+      result = Payments::CreateChargeService.call(
+        order: @order,
+        payment_method: "card_456"
+      )
+
+      assert result.success?
+      assert @order.reload.paid?
+    end
+  end
+
+  test "handles gateway unavailability" do
+    PaymentGateway.stub(:charge, ->(*) { raise Faraday::ConnectionFailed, "timeout" }) do
+      result = Payments::CreateChargeService.call(
+        order: @order,
+        payment_method: "card_456"
+      )
+
+      assert result.failure?
+      assert_equal :service_unavailable, result.code
+    end
+  end
+end
+```
+
+## Anti-Patterns to Avoid
+
+1. **Service for simple CRUD** - If it's just `Model.create(params)`, use the controller directly.
+2. **God services** - Keep services focused on one operation. Split large services.
+3. **Services calling services deeply** - Max 2 levels of service nesting.
+4. **Raising exceptions for business failures** - Use Result objects. Exceptions are for unexpected errors.
+5. **Stateful services** - Services should be stateless. Call once, get result, done.
+6. **Services that return nil** - Always return a Result, even for simple operations.
+7. **Missing error codes** - Always include typed error codes for programmatic handling.
+8. **Mixing concerns** - A service that sends emails AND processes payments is doing too much.