sbf-dm-core 1.3.0.beta

data/spec/unit/lazy_array_spec.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,1949 @@
+require_relative '../spec_helper'
+require 'dm-core/support/lazy_array'
+
+# only needed for specs
+
+module LazyArraySpec
+  module GroupMethods
+    def self.extended(base)
+      base.class_inheritable_accessor :loaded
+    end
+
+    def subject(&block)
+      let(:subject, &block)
+    end
+
+    def action(&block)
+      let(:action, &block)
+    end
+
+    def should_respond_to(method)
+      return if loaded
+
+      it { expect(subject).to respond_to(method) }
+    end
+
+    def should_return_expected_value(&block)
+      it 'returns expected value' do
+        expect(action).to eql(instance_eval(&block))
+      end
+    end
+
+    def should_return_subject
+      should_return_kind_of(LazyArray)
+
+      it 'returns self' do
+        expect(action).to equal(subject)
+      end
+    end
+
+    def should_return_kind_of(klass)
+      it { expect(action).to be_a_kind_of(klass) }
+    end
+
+    def should_return_copy
+      it 'does not return self' do
+        expect(action).not_to equal(subject)
+      end
+
+      it "eql's self" do
+        expect(action).to eql(subject)
+      end
+    end
+
+    def should_return_true
+      it 'returns true' do
+        expect(action).to be(true)
+      end
+    end
+
+    def should_return_false
+      it 'returns false' do
+        expect(action).to be(false)
+      end
+    end
+
+    def should_return_nil
+      it 'returns nil' do
+        expect(action).to be_nil
+      end
+    end
+
+    def should_raise_error(klass, message = nil)
+      it { expect { action }.to raise_error(klass, message) }
+    end
+
+    def should_clear_subject
+      it 'clears self' do
+        expect { action }.to change(subject, :empty?).from(false).to(true)
+      end
+    end
+
+    def should_yield_to_each_entry
+      it 'yields to each entry' do
+        expect { action }.to change(@accumulator, :entries).from([]).to(subject.entries)
+      end
+    end
+
+    def should_not_change_subject
+      it 'does not change self' do
+        # XXX: the following does not work with Array#delete_if, even when nothing removed (ruby bug?)
+        # subject.freeze
+        # expect { action }.not_to raise_error(RUBY_VERSION >= '1.9.0' ? RuntimeError : TypeError)
+        expect { action }.not_to change(subject, :entries)
+      end
+    end
+
+    def should_be_a_kicker
+      return if loaded
+
+      it 'is a kicker' do
+        expect { action }.to change(subject, :loaded?).from(false).to(true)
+      end
+    end
+
+    def should_not_be_a_kicker
+      return if loaded
+
+      it 'is not a kicker' do
+        expect(subject).not_to be_loaded
+        expect { action }.not_to change(subject, :loaded?)
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end
+
+[ false, true ].each do |loaded|
+  describe LazyArray do
+    extend LazyArraySpec::GroupMethods
+
+    self.loaded = loaded
+
+    # message describing the object state
+    state = "(#{'not ' unless loaded}loaded)"
+
+    before do
+      @nancy  = 'nancy'
+      @bessie = 'bessie'
+      @steve  = 'steve'
+
+      @lazy_array = LazyArray.new
+      @lazy_array.load_with { |la| la.push(@nancy, @bessie) }
+
+      @other = LazyArray.new
+      @other.load_with { |la| la.push(@steve) }
+
+      @lazy_array.entries if loaded
+    end
+
+    subject { @lazy_array }
+
+    it 'is an Enumerable' do
+      expect((subject.is_a?(Enumerable))).to be(true)
+    end
+
+    describe 'when frozen', state do
+      before { subject.freeze }
+
+      it 'is still able to kick' do
+        expect { subject.entries }.not_to raise_error
+      end
+
+      it 'does not allow any modifications' do
+        expect { subject << @steve }.to raise_error((RUBY_VERSION >= '1.9.0') ? RuntimeError : TypeError)
+      end
+    end
+
+    should_respond_to(:<<)
+
+    describe '#<<' do
+      action { subject << @steve }
+
+      should_return_subject
+      should_not_be_a_kicker
+
+      it 'appends an entry' do
+        expect((subject << @steve)).to eq [@nancy, @bessie, @steve]
+      end
+    end
+
+    should_respond_to(:any?)
+
+    describe '#any?', state do
+      describe 'when not provided a block' do
+        action { subject.any? }
+
+        describe 'when the subject has entries that are not loaded' do
+          should_return_true
+          should_be_a_kicker
+          should_not_change_subject
+        end
+
+        describe 'when the subject has entries that are prepended' do
+          subject { LazyArray.new.unshift(@nancy) }
+
+          should_return_true
+          should_not_be_a_kicker
+          should_not_change_subject
+        end
+
+        describe 'when the subject has entries that are appended' do
+          subject { LazyArray.new << @nancy }
+
+          should_return_true
+          should_not_be_a_kicker
+          should_not_change_subject
+        end
+
+        describe 'when the subject has no entries' do
+          subject { LazyArray.new }
+
+          should_return_false
+          should_be_a_kicker
+          should_not_change_subject
+        end
+      end
+
+      describe 'when provided a block that always returns true' do
+        action { subject.any? { true } }
+
+        describe 'when the subject has entries that are not loaded' do
+          should_return_true
+          should_be_a_kicker
+          should_not_change_subject
+        end
+
+        describe 'when the subject has entries that are prepended' do
+          subject { LazyArray.new.unshift(@nancy) }
+
+          should_return_true
+          should_not_be_a_kicker
+          should_not_change_subject
+        end
+
+        describe 'when the subject has entries that are appended' do
+          subject { LazyArray.new << @nancy }
+
+          should_return_true
+          should_not_be_a_kicker
+          should_not_change_subject
+        end
+
+        describe 'when the subject has no entries' do
+          subject { LazyArray.new }
+
+          should_return_false
+          should_be_a_kicker
+          should_not_change_subject
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    should_respond_to(:at)
+
+    describe '#at', state do
+      describe 'with positive index' do
+        action { subject.at(0) }
+
+        should_return_expected_value { @nancy }
+        should_be_a_kicker
+        should_not_change_subject
+      end
+
+      describe 'with positive index', 'after prepending to the LazyArray' do
+        before { subject.unshift(@steve) }
+
+        action { subject.at(0) }
+
+        should_return_expected_value { @steve }
+        should_not_be_a_kicker
+        should_not_change_subject
+      end
+
+      describe 'with negative index' do
+        action { subject.at(-1) }
+
+        should_return_expected_value { @bessie }
+        should_be_a_kicker
+        should_not_change_subject
+      end
+
+      describe 'with negative index', 'after appending to the LazyArray' do
+        before { subject.push(@steve) }
+
+        action { subject.at(-1) }
+
+        should_return_expected_value { @steve }
+        should_not_be_a_kicker
+        should_not_change_subject
+      end
+
+      describe 'with an index not within the LazyArray' do
+        action { subject.at(2) }
+
+        should_return_nil
+        should_be_a_kicker
+        should_not_change_subject
+      end
+    end
+
+    should_respond_to(:clear)
+
+    describe '#clear', state do
+      action { subject.clear }
+
+      should_return_subject
+      should_be_a_kicker  # only marks as loadd, does not lazy load
+      should_clear_subject
+    end
+
+    %i(collect! map!).each do |method|
+      it { expect(@lazy_array).to respond_to(method) }
+
+      describe "##{method}", state do
+        before { @accumulator = [] }
+
+        action { subject.send(method) { |e| @accumulator << e; @steve } }
+
+        should_return_subject
+        should_yield_to_each_entry
+        should_be_a_kicker
+
+        it 'updates with the block results' do
+          expect { action }.to change(subject, :entries).from([@nancy, @bessie]).to([@steve, @steve])
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    should_respond_to(:concat)
+
+    describe '#concat', state do
+      action { subject.concat(@other) }
+
+      should_return_subject
+      should_not_be_a_kicker
+
+      it 'concatenates other Enumerable' do
+        expect(subject.concat(@other)).to eq [@nancy, @bessie, @steve]
+      end
+    end
+
+    should_respond_to(:delete)
+
+    describe '#delete', state do
+      describe 'with an object within the LazyArray', state do
+        action { subject.delete(@nancy) }
+
+        should_return_expected_value { @nancy }
+        should_be_a_kicker
+
+        it 'removes the matching entry' do
+          expect { action }.to change(subject, :entries).from([@nancy, @bessie]).to([@bessie])
+        end
+      end
+
+      describe 'with an object not within the LazyArray', 'without a default block' do
+        action { subject.delete(@steve) }
+
+        should_return_nil
+        should_not_change_subject
+        should_be_a_kicker
+      end
+
+      describe 'with an object not within the LazyArray', 'with a default block' do
+        action { subject.delete(@steve) { @steve } }
+
+        should_return_expected_value { @steve }
+        should_not_change_subject
+        should_be_a_kicker
+      end
+    end
+
+    should_respond_to(:delete_at)
+
+    describe '#delete_at', state do
+      describe 'with a positive index' do
+        action { subject.delete_at(0) }
+
+        should_return_expected_value { @nancy }
+        should_be_a_kicker
+
+        it 'removes the matching entry' do
+          expect { action }.to change(subject, :entries).from([@nancy, @bessie]).to([@bessie])
+        end
+      end
+
+      describe 'with a positive index', 'after prepending to the LazyArray' do
+        before { subject.unshift(@steve) }
+
+        action { subject.delete_at(0) }
+
+        should_return_expected_value { @steve }
+        should_not_be_a_kicker
+
+        it 'removes the matching entry' do
+          expect { action }.to change(subject, :entries).from([@steve, @nancy, @bessie]).to([@nancy, @bessie])
+        end
+      end
+
+      describe 'with a negative index' do
+        action { subject.delete_at(-1) }
+
+        should_return_expected_value { @bessie }
+        should_be_a_kicker
+
+        it 'removes the matching entry' do
+          expect { action }.to change(subject, :entries).from([@nancy, @bessie]).to([@nancy])
+        end
+      end
+
+      describe 'with a negative index', 'after appending to the LazyArray' do
+        before { subject.push(@steve) }
+
+        action { subject.delete_at(-1) }
+
+        should_return_expected_value { @steve }
+        should_not_be_a_kicker
+
+        it 'removes the matching entry' do
+          expect { action }.to change(subject, :entries).from([@nancy, @bessie, @steve]).to([@nancy, @bessie])
+        end
+      end
+
+      describe 'with an index not within the LazyArray' do
+        action { subject.delete_at(2) }
+
+        should_return_nil
+        should_not_change_subject
+        should_be_a_kicker
+      end
+    end
+
+    should_respond_to(:delete_if)
+
+    describe '#delete_if', state do
+      before { @accumulator = [] }
+
+      describe 'with a block that matches an entry' do
+        action { subject.delete_if { |e| @accumulator << e; true } }
+
+        should_return_subject
+        should_yield_to_each_entry
+        should_not_be_a_kicker
+
+        it 'updates with the block results' do
+          expect { action }.to change(subject, :empty?).from(false).to(true)
+        end
+      end
+
+      describe 'with a block that does not match an entry' do
+        action { subject.delete_if { |e| @accumulator << e; false } }
+
+        should_return_subject
+        should_yield_to_each_entry
+        should_not_be_a_kicker
+        should_not_change_subject
+      end
+    end
+
+    should_respond_to(:dup)
+
+    describe '#dup', state do
+      action { subject.dup }
+
+      should_return_kind_of(LazyArray)
+      should_return_copy
+      should_not_be_a_kicker
+
+      if loaded
+        it 'is loaded if subject loaded' do
+          expect(action).to be_loaded
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    should_respond_to(:each)
+
+    describe '#each', state do
+      before { @accumulator = [] }
+
+      action { subject.each { |e| @accumulator << e } }
+
+      should_return_subject
+      should_yield_to_each_entry
+      should_be_a_kicker
+      should_not_change_subject
+    end
+
+    should_respond_to(:each_index)
+
+    describe '#each_index', state do
+      before { @accumulator = [] }
+
+      action { subject.each_index { |i| @accumulator << i } }
+
+      should_return_subject
+      should_be_a_kicker
+      should_not_change_subject
+
+      it 'yields to each index' do
+        expect { action }.to change(@accumulator, :entries).from([]).to([0, 1])
+      end
+    end
+
+    should_respond_to(:each_with_index)
+
+    describe '#each_with_index', state do
+      before { @accumulator = [] }
+
+      action { subject.each_with_index { |entry,index| @accumulator << [ entry, index ] } }
+
+      should_return_subject
+      should_be_a_kicker
+      should_not_change_subject
+
+      it 'yields to each entry and index' do
+        expect { action }.to change(@accumulator, :entries).from([]).to([[@nancy, 0], [@bessie, 1]])
+      end
+    end
+
+    should_respond_to(:empty?)
+
+    describe '#empty?', state do
+      describe 'when the subject has entries that are not loaded' do
+        action { subject.empty? }
+
+        should_return_false
+        should_be_a_kicker
+        should_not_change_subject
+      end
+
+      describe 'when the subject has entries that are prepended' do
+        subject { LazyArray.new.unshift(@nancy) }
+
+        action { subject.empty? }
+
+        should_return_false
+        should_not_be_a_kicker
+        should_not_change_subject
+      end
+
+      describe 'when the subject has entries that are appended' do
+        subject { LazyArray.new << @nancy }
+
+        action { subject.empty? }
+
+        should_return_false
+        should_not_be_a_kicker
+        should_not_change_subject
+      end
+
+      describe 'when the subject has no entries' do
+        subject { LazyArray.new }
+
+        action { subject.empty? }
+
+        should_return_true
+        should_be_a_kicker
+        should_not_change_subject
+      end
+
+      describe 'when the subject has only nil entries' do
+        subject { LazyArray.new << nil }
+
+        action { subject.empty? }
+
+        should_return_false
+        should_not_be_a_kicker
+        should_not_change_subject
+      end
+
+    end
+
+    [ :eql?, :== ].each do |method|
+      should_respond_to(method)
+
+      describe "##{method}", state do
+        describe 'with an Enumerable containing the same entries' do
+          before do
+            if method == :eql?
+              @other = LazyArray.new
+              @other.load_with { |la| la.push(@nancy, @bessie) }
+            else
+              @other = [ @nancy, @bessie ]
+            end
+          end
+
+          action { subject.send(method, @other) }
+
+          should_return_true
+          should_be_a_kicker
+          should_not_change_subject
+        end
+
+        describe 'with an Enumerable containing different entries' do
+          action { subject.send(method, @other) }
+
+          should_return_false
+          should_be_a_kicker
+          should_not_change_subject
+        end
+
+        describe 'with an Enumerable with different entries than in head' do
+          before { subject.unshift(@nancy) }
+
+          action { subject.send(method, [ @steve ]) }
+
+          should_return_false
+          should_not_be_a_kicker
+          should_not_change_subject
+        end
+
+        describe 'with an Enumerable with different entries than in tail' do
+          before { subject.push(@nancy) }
+
+          action { subject.send(method, [ @steve ]) }
+
+          should_return_false
+          should_not_be_a_kicker
+          should_not_change_subject
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    should_respond_to(:fetch)
+
+    describe '#fetch', state do
+      describe 'with positive index' do
+        action { subject.fetch(0) }
+
+        should_return_expected_value { @nancy }
+        should_be_a_kicker
+        should_not_change_subject
+      end
+
+      describe 'with positive index', 'after prepending to the LazyArray' do
+        before { subject.unshift(@steve) }
+
+        action { subject.fetch(0) }
+
+        should_return_expected_value { @steve }
+        should_not_be_a_kicker
+        should_not_change_subject
+      end
+
+      describe 'with negative index' do
+        action { subject.fetch(-1) }
+
+        should_return_expected_value { @bessie }
+        should_be_a_kicker
+        should_not_change_subject
+      end
+
+      describe 'with negative index', 'after appending to the LazyArray' do
+        before { subject.push(@steve) }
+
+        action { subject.fetch(-1) }
+
+        should_return_expected_value { @steve }
+        should_not_be_a_kicker
+        should_not_change_subject
+      end
+
+      describe 'with an index not within the LazyArray' do
+        action { subject.fetch(2) }
+
+        should_raise_error(IndexError)
+      end
+
+      describe 'with an index not within the LazyArray and default' do
+        action { subject.fetch(2, @steve) }
+
+        should_return_expected_value { @steve }
+        should_be_a_kicker
+        should_not_change_subject
+      end
+
+      describe 'with an index not within the LazyArray and default block' do
+        action { subject.fetch(2) { @steve } }
+
+        should_return_expected_value { @steve }
+        should_be_a_kicker
+        should_not_change_subject
+      end
+    end
+
+    should_respond_to(:freeze)
+
+    describe '#freeze', state do
+      action { subject.freeze }
+
+      should_return_subject
+      should_not_be_a_kicker
+
+      it { expect { action }.to change(subject, :frozen?).from(false).to(true) }
+    end
+
+    should_respond_to(:first)
+
+    describe '#first', state do
+      describe 'with no arguments' do
+        action { subject.first }
+
+        should_return_expected_value { @nancy }
+        should_be_a_kicker
+        should_not_change_subject
+      end
+
+      describe 'with no arguments', 'after prepending to the LazyArray' do
+        before { subject.unshift(@steve) }
+
+        action { subject.first }
+
+        should_return_expected_value { @steve }
+        should_not_be_a_kicker
+        should_not_change_subject
+      end
+
+      describe 'with length specified' do
+        action { subject.first(1) }
+
+        it { expect(action).to eq [@nancy] }
+
+        should_be_a_kicker
+        should_not_change_subject
+      end
+
+      describe 'with length specified', 'after prepending to the LazyArray' do
+        before { subject.unshift(@steve) }
+
+        action { subject.first(1) }
+
+        it { expect(action).to eq [@steve] }
+
+        should_not_be_a_kicker
+        should_not_change_subject
+      end
+    end
+
+    should_respond_to(:include?)
+
+    describe '#include?', state do
+      describe 'with an included entry' do
+        action { subject.include?(@nancy) }
+
+        should_return_true
+        should_be_a_kicker
+        should_not_change_subject
+      end
+
+      describe 'with an included entry', 'after prepending to the LazyArray' do
+        before { subject.unshift(@steve) }
+
+        action { subject.include?(@steve) }
+
+        should_return_true
+        should_not_be_a_kicker
+        should_not_change_subject
+      end
+
+      describe 'with an included entry', 'after appending to the LazyArray' do
+        before { subject.push(@steve) }
+
+        action { subject.include?(@steve) }
+
+        should_return_true
+        should_not_be_a_kicker
+        should_not_change_subject
+      end
+
+      describe 'with an entry not included' do
+        action { subject.include?(@steve) }
+
+        should_return_false
+        should_be_a_kicker
+        should_not_change_subject
+      end
+    end
+
+    should_respond_to(:index)
+
+    describe '#index', state do
+      describe 'with an included entry' do
+        action { subject.index(@nancy) }
+
+        should_return_expected_value { 0 }
+        should_be_a_kicker
+        should_not_change_subject
+      end
+
+      describe 'with an included entry', 'after prepending to the LazyArray' do
+        before { subject.unshift(@steve) }
+
+        action { subject.index(@steve) }
+
+        should_return_expected_value { 0 }
+        should_not_be_a_kicker
+        should_not_change_subject
+      end
+
+      describe 'with an included entry', 'after appending to the LazyArray' do
+        before { subject.push(@steve) }
+
+        action { subject.index(@steve) }
+
+        should_return_expected_value { 2 }
+        should_be_a_kicker  # need to kick because first index could be in lazy array
+        should_not_change_subject
+      end
+
+      describe 'with an entry not included' do
+        action { subject.index(@steve) }
+
+        should_return_nil
+        should_be_a_kicker
+        should_not_change_subject
+      end
+    end
+
+    should_respond_to(:insert)
+
+    describe '#insert', state do
+      describe 'with an index of 0' do
+        action { subject.insert(0, @steve) }
+
+        should_return_subject
+        should_not_be_a_kicker
+
+        it 'inserts the entries before the index' do
+          expect { action }.to change(subject, :entries).from([@nancy, @bessie]).to([@steve, @nancy, @bessie])
+        end
+      end
+
+      describe 'with an positive index greater than the head size' do
+        action { subject.insert(1, @steve) }
+
+        should_return_subject
+        should_be_a_kicker
+
+        it 'should insert the entries before the index' do
+          expect { action }.to change(subject, :entries).from([@nancy, @bessie]).to([@nancy, @steve, @bessie])
+        end
+      end
+
+      describe 'with an index of -1' do
+        action { subject.insert(-1, @steve) }
+
+        should_return_subject
+        should_not_be_a_kicker
+
+        it 'should insert the entries before the index' do
+          expect { action }.to change(subject, :entries).from([@nancy, @bessie]).to([@nancy, @bessie, @steve])
+        end
+      end
+
+      describe 'with a negative index greater than the tail size' do
+        action { subject.insert(-2, @steve) }
+
+        should_return_subject
+        should_be_a_kicker
+
+        it 'should insert the entries before the index' do
+          expect { action }.to change(subject, :entries).from([@nancy, @bessie]).to([@nancy, @steve, @bessie])
+        end
+      end
+
+      describe 'with a positive index 1 greater than the maximum index of the LazyArray' do
+        action { subject.insert(2, @steve) }
+
+        should_return_subject
+        should_be_a_kicker
+
+        it 'inserts the entries before the index' do
+          expect { action }.to change(subject, :entries).from([@nancy, @bessie]).to([@nancy, @bessie, @steve])
+        end
+      end
+
+      describe 'with a positive index not within the LazyArray' do
+        action { subject.insert(3, @steve) }
+
+        should_return_subject
+        should_be_a_kicker
+
+        it 'inserts the entries before the index, expanding the LazyArray' do
+          expect { action }.to change(subject, :entries).from([@nancy, @bessie]).to([@nancy, @bessie, nil, @steve])
+        end
+      end
+
+      describe 'with a negative index 1 greater than the maximum index of the LazyArray' do
+        action { subject.insert(-3, @steve) }
+
+        should_return_subject
+        should_be_a_kicker
+
+        it 'inserts the entries before the index, expanding the LazyArray' do
+          expect { action }.to change(subject, :entries).from([@nancy, @bessie]).to([@steve, @nancy, @bessie])
+        end
+      end
+
+      describe 'with a negative index not within the LazyArray' do
+        action { subject.insert(-4, @steve) }
+
+        should_raise_error(IndexError)
+      end
+    end
+
+    should_respond_to(:kind_of?)
+
+    describe '#kind_of' do
+      describe 'when provided a class that is a superclass' do
+        action { subject.kind_of?(Object) }
+
+        should_return_true
+        should_not_be_a_kicker
+        should_not_change_subject
+      end
+
+      describe 'when provided a class that is a proxy class superclass' do
+        action { subject.kind_of?(Array) }
+
+        should_return_true
+        should_not_be_a_kicker
+        should_not_change_subject
+      end
+
+      describe 'when provided a class that is not a superclass' do
+        action { subject.kind_of?(Hash) }
+
+        should_return_false
+        should_not_be_a_kicker
+        should_not_change_subject
+      end
+    end
+
+    should_respond_to(:last)
+
+    describe '#last', state do
+      describe 'with no arguments' do
+        action { subject.last }
+
+        should_return_expected_value { @bessie }
+        should_be_a_kicker
+        should_not_change_subject
+      end
+
+      describe 'with no arguments', 'after appending to the LazyArray' do
+        before { subject.push(@steve) }
+
+        action { subject.last }
+
+        should_return_expected_value { @steve }
+        should_not_be_a_kicker
+        should_not_change_subject
+      end
+
+      describe 'with length specified' do
+        action { subject.last(1) }
+
+        it { expect(action).to eq [@bessie] }
+
+        should_be_a_kicker
+        should_not_change_subject
+      end
+
+      describe 'with length specified', 'after appending to the LazyArray' do
+        before { subject.push(@steve) }
+
+        action { subject.last(1) }
+
+        it { expect(action).to eq [@steve] }
+
+        should_not_be_a_kicker
+        should_not_change_subject
+      end
+    end
+
+    should_respond_to(:loaded?)
+
+    describe '#loaded?' do
+      if loaded
+        describe 'when loaded' do
+          action { subject.loaded? }
+
+          should_return_true
+          should_not_change_subject
+        end
+      else
+        describe 'when not loaded' do
+          action { subject.loaded? }
+
+          should_return_false
+          should_not_change_subject
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    should_respond_to(:nil?)
+
+    describe '#nil?' do
+      action { subject.nil? }
+
+      should_return_expected_value { false }
+
+      should_not_be_a_kicker
+    end
+
+    should_respond_to(:pop)
+
+    describe '#pop', state do
+      describe 'without appending to the LazyArray' do
+        action { subject.pop }
+
+        should_return_expected_value { @bessie }
+        should_be_a_kicker
+
+        it 'removes the last entry' do
+          expect { action }.to change(subject, :entries).from([@nancy, @bessie]).to([@nancy])
+        end
+      end
+
+      describe 'after appending to the LazyArray' do
+        before { subject.push(@steve) }
+
+        action { subject.pop }
+
+        should_return_expected_value { @steve }
+        should_not_be_a_kicker
+
+        it 'removes the last entry' do
+          expect { action }.to change(subject, :entries).from([@nancy, @bessie, @steve]).to([@nancy, @bessie])
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    should_respond_to(:push)
+
+    describe '#push', state do
+      action { subject.push(@steve, @steve) }
+
+      should_return_subject
+      should_not_be_a_kicker
+
+      it 'appends entries' do
+        expect { action }.to change(subject, :entries).from([@nancy, @bessie]).to([@nancy, @bessie, @steve, @steve])
+      end
+    end
+
+    should_respond_to(:reject!)
+
+    describe '#reject!', state do
+      before { @accumulator = [] }
+
+      describe 'with a block that matches an entry' do
+        action { subject.reject! { |e| @accumulator << e; true } }
+
+        should_return_subject
+        should_yield_to_each_entry
+        should_be_a_kicker
+
+        it 'updates with the block results' do
+          expect { action }.to change(subject, :empty?).from(false).to(true)
+        end
+      end
+
+      describe 'with a block that does not match an entry' do
+        action { subject.reject! { |e| @accumulator << e; false } }
+
+        should_return_nil
+        should_yield_to_each_entry
+        should_be_a_kicker
+        should_not_change_subject
+      end
+    end
+
+    should_respond_to(:replace)
+
+    describe '#replace' do
+      action { subject.replace(@other) }
+
+      should_return_subject
+      should_be_a_kicker
+
+      it 'replaces with other Enumerable' do
+        expect { action }.to change(subject, :entries).from([@nancy, @bessie]).to([@steve])
+      end
+    end
+
+    should_respond_to(:reverse)
+
+    describe '#reverse', state do
+      action { subject.reverse }
+
+      should_return_kind_of(LazyArray)
+      should_not_be_a_kicker
+      should_not_change_subject
+
+      it 'returns a reversed LazyArray' do
+        expect(action).to eq [@bessie, @nancy]
+      end
+    end
+
+    should_respond_to(:reverse!)
+
+    describe '#reverse!', state do
+      action { subject.reverse! }
+
+      should_return_subject
+      should_not_be_a_kicker
+
+      it 'returns a reversed LazyArray' do
+        expect(action).to eq [@bessie, @nancy]
+      end
+    end
+
+    should_respond_to(:reverse_each)
+
+    describe '#reverse_each', state do
+      before { @accumulator = [] }
+
+      action { subject.reverse_each { |e| @accumulator << e } }
+
+      should_return_subject
+      should_be_a_kicker
+      should_not_change_subject
+
+      it 'yields to each entry' do
+        expect { action }.to change(@accumulator, :entries).from([]).to([@bessie, @nancy])
+      end
+    end
+
+    should_respond_to(:rindex)
+
+    describe '#rindex', state do
+      describe 'with an included entry' do
+        action { subject.rindex(@nancy) }
+
+        should_return_expected_value { 0 }
+        should_be_a_kicker  # rindex always a kicker
+        should_not_change_subject
+      end
+
+      describe 'with an included entry', 'after prepending to the LazyArray' do
+        before { subject.unshift(@steve) }
+
+        action { subject.rindex(@steve) }
+
+        should_return_expected_value { 0 }
+        should_be_a_kicker  # rindex always a kicker
+        should_not_change_subject
+      end
+
+      describe 'with an included entry', 'after appending to the LazyArray' do
+        before { subject.push(@steve) }
+
+        action { subject.rindex(@steve) }
+
+        should_return_expected_value { 2 }
+        should_be_a_kicker  # rindex always a kicker
+        should_not_change_subject
+      end
+
+      describe 'with an entry not included' do
+        action { subject.rindex(@steve) }
+
+        should_return_nil
+        should_be_a_kicker  # rindex always a kicker
+        should_not_change_subject
+      end
+    end
+
+    should_respond_to(:shift)
+
+    describe '#shift', state do
+      describe 'without prepending to the LazyArray' do
+        action { subject.shift }
+
+        should_return_expected_value { @nancy }
+        should_be_a_kicker
+
+        it 'removes the last entry' do
+          expect { action }.to change(subject, :entries).from([@nancy, @bessie]).to([@bessie])
+        end
+      end
+
+      describe 'after prepending to the LazyArray' do
+        before { subject.unshift(@steve) }
+
+        action { subject.shift }
+
+        should_return_expected_value { @steve }
+        should_not_be_a_kicker
+
+        it 'removes the last entry' do
+          expect { action }.to change(subject, :entries).from([@steve, @nancy, @bessie]).to([@nancy, @bessie])
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    [ :slice, :[] ].each do |method|
+      should_respond_to(method)
+
+      describe "##{method}", state do
+        describe 'with a positive index' do
+          action { subject.send(method, 0) }
+
+          should_return_expected_value { @nancy }
+          should_be_a_kicker
+          should_not_change_subject
+        end
+
+        describe 'with a positive index', 'after prepending to the LazyArray' do
+          before { subject.unshift(@steve) }
+
+          action { subject.send(method, 0) }
+
+          should_return_expected_value { @steve }
+          should_not_be_a_kicker
+          should_not_change_subject
+        end
+
+        describe 'with a positive index and length' do
+          action { subject.send(method, 0, 1) }
+
+          should_return_kind_of(Array)
+          should_return_expected_value { [ @nancy ] }
+          should_be_a_kicker
+          should_not_change_subject
+        end
+
+        describe 'with a positive index and length', 'after prepending to the LazyArray' do
+          before { subject.unshift(@steve) }
+
+          action { subject.send(method, 0, 1) }
+
+          should_return_kind_of(Array)
+          should_return_expected_value { [ @steve ] }
+          should_not_be_a_kicker
+          should_not_change_subject
+        end
+
+        describe 'with a positive range' do
+          action { subject.send(method, 0..0) }
+
+          should_return_kind_of(Array)
+          should_return_expected_value { [ @nancy ] }
+          should_be_a_kicker
+          should_not_change_subject
+        end
+
+        describe 'with a positive range', 'after prepending to the LazyArray' do
+          before { subject.unshift(@steve) }
+
+          action { subject.send(method, 0..0) }
+
+          should_return_kind_of(Array)
+          should_return_expected_value { [ @steve ] }
+          should_not_be_a_kicker
+          should_not_change_subject
+        end
+
+        describe 'with a negative index' do
+          action { subject.send(method, -1) }
+
+          should_return_expected_value { @bessie }
+          should_be_a_kicker
+          should_not_change_subject
+        end
+
+        describe 'with a negative index', 'after appending to the LazyArray' do
+          before { subject.push(@steve) }
+
+          action { subject.send(method, -1) }
+
+          should_return_expected_value { @steve }
+          should_not_be_a_kicker
+          should_not_change_subject
+        end
+
+        describe 'with a negative index and length' do
+          action { subject.send(method, -1, 1) }
+
+          should_return_kind_of(Array)
+          should_return_expected_value { [ @bessie ] }
+          should_be_a_kicker
+          should_not_change_subject
+        end
+
+        describe 'with a negative index and length', 'after appending to the LazyArray' do
+          before { subject.push(@steve) }
+
+          action { subject.send(method, -1, 1) }
+
+          should_return_kind_of(Array)
+          should_return_expected_value { [ @steve ] }
+          should_not_be_a_kicker
+          should_not_change_subject
+        end
+
+        describe 'with a negative range' do
+          action { subject.send(method, -1..-1) }
+
+          should_return_kind_of(Array)
+          should_return_expected_value { [ @bessie ] }
+          should_be_a_kicker
+          should_not_change_subject
+        end
+
+        describe 'with a negative range', 'after appending to the LazyArray' do
+          before { subject.push(@steve) }
+
+          action { subject.send(method, -1..-1) }
+
+          should_return_kind_of(Array)
+          should_return_expected_value { [ @steve ] }
+          should_not_be_a_kicker
+          should_not_change_subject
+        end
+
+        describe 'with an index not within the LazyArray' do
+          action { subject.send(method, 2) }
+
+          should_return_nil
+          should_be_a_kicker
+          should_not_change_subject
+        end
+
+        describe 'with an index and length not within the LazyArray' do
+          action { subject.send(method, 2, 1) }
+
+          should_return_kind_of(Array)
+          should_return_expected_value { [] }
+          should_be_a_kicker
+          should_not_change_subject
+        end
+
+        describe 'with a range not within the LazyArray' do
+          action { subject.send(method, 2..2) }
+
+          should_return_kind_of(Array)
+          should_return_expected_value { [] }
+          should_be_a_kicker
+          should_not_change_subject
+        end
+
+        describe 'with invalid arguments' do
+          action { subject.send(method, 1, 1..1) }
+
+          should_raise_error(ArgumentError)
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    should_respond_to(:slice!)
+
+    describe '#slice!', state do
+      describe 'with a positive index' do
+        action { subject.slice!(0) }
+
+        should_return_expected_value { @nancy }
+        should_be_a_kicker
+
+        it 'removes the matching entry' do
+          expect { action }.to change(subject, :entries).from([@nancy, @bessie]).to([@bessie])
+        end
+      end
+
+      describe 'with a positive index', 'after prepending to the LazyArray' do
+        before { subject.unshift(@steve) }
+
+        action { subject.slice!(0) }
+
+        should_return_expected_value { @steve }
+        should_not_be_a_kicker
+
+        it 'removes the matching entry' do
+          expect { action }.to change(subject, :entries).from([@steve, @nancy, @bessie]).to([@nancy, @bessie])
+        end
+      end
+
+      describe 'with a positive index and length' do
+        action { subject.slice!(0, 1) }
+
+        should_return_kind_of(Array)
+        should_return_expected_value { [ @nancy ] }
+        should_be_a_kicker
+
+        it 'removes the matching entries' do
+          expect { action }.to change(subject, :entries).from([@nancy, @bessie]).to([@bessie])
+        end
+      end
+
+      describe 'with a positive index and length', 'after prepending to the LazyArray' do
+        before { subject.unshift(@steve) }
+
+        action { subject.slice!(0, 1) }
+
+        should_return_kind_of(Array)
+        should_return_expected_value { [ @steve ] }
+        should_not_be_a_kicker
+
+        it 'removes the matching entries' do
+          expect { action }.to change(subject, :entries).from([@steve, @nancy, @bessie]).to([@nancy, @bessie])
+        end
+      end
+
+      describe 'with a positive range' do
+        action { subject.slice!(0..0) }
+
+        should_return_kind_of(Array)
+        should_return_expected_value { [ @nancy ] }
+        should_be_a_kicker
+
+        it 'removes the matching entries' do
+          expect { action }.to change(subject, :entries).from([@nancy, @bessie]).to([@bessie])
+        end
+      end
+
+      describe 'with a positive range', 'after prepending to the LazyArray' do
+        before { subject.unshift(@steve) }
+
+        action { subject.slice!(0..0) }
+
+        should_return_kind_of(Array)
+        should_return_expected_value { [ @steve ] }
+        should_not_be_a_kicker
+
+        it 'removes the matching entry' do
+          expect { action }.to change(subject, :entries).from([@steve, @nancy, @bessie]).to([@nancy, @bessie])
+        end
+      end
+
+      describe 'with a negative index' do
+        action { subject.slice!(-1) }
+
+        should_return_expected_value { @bessie }
+        should_be_a_kicker
+
+        it 'removes the matching entries' do
+          expect { action }.to change(subject, :entries).from([@nancy, @bessie]).to([@nancy])
+        end
+      end
+
+      describe 'with a negative index', 'after appending to the LazyArray' do
+        before { subject.push(@steve) }
+
+        action { subject.slice!(-1) }
+
+        should_return_expected_value { @steve }
+        should_not_be_a_kicker
+
+        it 'removes the matching entries' do
+          expect { action }.to change(subject, :entries).from([@nancy, @bessie, @steve]).to([@nancy, @bessie])
+        end
+      end
+
+      describe 'with a negative index and length' do
+        action { subject.slice!(-1, 1) }
+
+        should_return_kind_of(Array)
+        should_return_expected_value { [ @bessie ] }
+        should_be_a_kicker
+
+        it 'removes the matching entries' do
+          expect { action }.to change(subject, :entries).from([@nancy, @bessie]).to([@nancy])
+        end
+      end
+
+      describe 'with a negative index and length', 'after appending to the LazyArray' do
+        before { subject.push(@steve) }
+
+        action { subject.slice!(-1, 1) }
+
+        should_return_kind_of(Array)
+        should_return_expected_value { [ @steve ] }
+        should_not_be_a_kicker
+
+        it 'removes the matching entries' do
+          expect { action }.to change(subject, :entries).from([@nancy, @bessie, @steve]).to([@nancy, @bessie])
+        end
+      end
+
+      describe 'with a negative range' do
+        action { subject.slice!(-1..-1) }
+
+        should_return_kind_of(Array)
+        should_return_expected_value { [ @bessie ] }
+        should_be_a_kicker
+
+        it 'removes the matching entries' do
+          expect { action }.to change(subject, :entries).from([@nancy, @bessie]).to([@nancy])
+        end
+      end
+
+      describe 'with a negative range', 'after appending to the LazyArray' do
+        before { subject.push(@steve) }
+
+        action { subject.slice!(-1..-1) }
+
+        should_return_kind_of(Array)
+        should_return_expected_value { [ @steve ] }
+        should_not_be_a_kicker
+
+        it 'removes the matching entries' do
+          expect { action }.to change(subject, :entries).from([@nancy, @bessie, @steve]).to([@nancy, @bessie])
+        end
+      end
+
+      describe 'with an index not within the LazyArray' do
+        action { subject.slice!(2) }
+
+        should_return_nil
+        should_be_a_kicker
+        should_not_change_subject
+      end
+
+      describe 'with an index and length not within the LazyArray' do
+        action { subject.slice!(2, 1) }
+
+        should_return_kind_of(Array)
+        should_return_expected_value { [] }
+        should_be_a_kicker
+        should_not_change_subject
+      end
+
+      describe 'with a range not within the LazyArray' do
+        action { subject.slice!(2..2) }
+
+        should_return_kind_of(Array)
+        should_return_expected_value { [] }
+        should_be_a_kicker
+        should_not_change_subject
+      end
+    end
+
+    should_respond_to(:sort!)
+
+    describe '#sort!', state do
+      describe 'without a block' do
+        action { subject.sort! }
+
+        should_return_subject
+        should_be_a_kicker
+
+        it 'sorts the LazyArray inline using default sort order' do
+          expect { action }.to change(subject, :entries).from([@nancy, @bessie]).to([@bessie, @nancy])
+        end
+      end
+
+      describe 'without a block' do
+        action { subject.sort! { |a,b| a <=> b } }
+
+        should_return_subject
+        should_be_a_kicker
+
+        it 'sorts the LazyArray inline using block' do
+          expect { action }.to change(subject, :entries).from([@nancy, @bessie]).to([@bessie, @nancy])
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    [ :splice, :[]= ].each do |method|
+      should_respond_to(method)
+
+      describe "##{method}", state do
+        before do
+          @jon = 'jon'
+        end
+
+        describe 'with a positive index and entry' do
+          action { subject.send(method, 0, @jon) }
+
+          should_return_expected_value { @jon }
+          should_be_a_kicker
+
+          it 'changes the matching entry' do
+            expect { action }.to change(subject, :entries).from([@nancy, @bessie]).to([@jon, @bessie])
+          end
+        end
+
+        describe 'with a positive index', 'after prepending to the LazyArray' do
+          before { subject.unshift(@steve) }
+
+          action { subject.send(method, 0, @jon) }
+
+          should_return_expected_value { @jon }
+          should_not_be_a_kicker
+
+          it 'changes the matching entry' do
+            expect { action }.to change(subject, :entries).from([@steve, @nancy, @bessie]).to([@jon, @nancy, @bessie])
+          end
+        end
+
+        describe 'with a positive index and length' do
+          action { subject.send(method, 0, 1, [ @jon ]) }
+
+          should_return_kind_of(Array)
+          should_return_expected_value { [ @jon ] }
+          should_be_a_kicker
+
+          it 'changes the matching entries' do
+            expect { action }.to change(subject, :entries).from([@nancy, @bessie]).to([@jon, @bessie])
+          end
+        end
+
+        describe 'with a positive index and length', 'after prepending to the LazyArray' do
+          before { subject.unshift(@steve) }
+
+          action { subject.send(method, 0, 1, [ @jon ]) }
+
+          should_return_kind_of(Array)
+          should_return_expected_value { [ @jon ] }
+          should_not_be_a_kicker
+
+          it 'changes the matching entries' do
+            expect { action }.to change(subject, :entries).from([@steve, @nancy, @bessie]).to([@jon, @nancy, @bessie])
+          end
+        end
+
+        describe 'with a positive range' do
+          action { subject.send(method, 0..0, [ @jon ]) }
+
+          should_return_kind_of(Array)
+          should_return_expected_value { [ @jon ] }
+          should_be_a_kicker
+
+          it 'changes the matching entries' do
+            expect { action }.to change(subject, :entries).from([@nancy, @bessie]).to([@jon, @bessie])
+          end
+        end
+
+        describe 'with a positive range', 'after prepending to the LazyArray' do
+          before { subject.unshift(@steve) }
+
+          action { subject.send(method, 0..0, [ @jon ]) }
+
+          should_return_kind_of(Array)
+          should_return_expected_value { [ @jon ] }
+          should_not_be_a_kicker
+
+          it 'changes the matching entry' do
+            expect { action }.to change(subject, :entries).from([@steve, @nancy, @bessie]).to([@jon, @nancy, @bessie])
+          end
+        end
+
+        describe 'with a negative index' do
+          action { subject.send(method, -1, @jon) }
+
+          should_return_expected_value { @jon }
+          should_be_a_kicker
+
+          it 'changes the matching entries' do
+            expect { action }.to change(subject, :entries).from([@nancy, @bessie]).to([@nancy, @jon])
+          end
+        end
+
+        describe 'with a negative index', 'after appending to the LazyArray' do
+          before { subject.push(@steve) }
+
+          action { subject.send(method, -1, @jon) }
+
+          should_return_expected_value { @jon }
+          should_not_be_a_kicker
+
+          it 'changes the matching entries' do
+            expect { action }.to change(subject, :entries).from([@nancy, @bessie, @steve]).to([@nancy, @bessie, @jon])
+          end
+        end
+
+        describe 'with a negative index and length' do
+          action { subject.send(method, -1, 1, [ @jon ]) }
+
+          should_return_kind_of(Array)
+          should_return_expected_value { [ @jon ] }
+          should_be_a_kicker
+
+          it 'changes the matching entries' do
+            expect { action }.to change(subject, :entries).from([@nancy, @bessie]).to([@nancy, @jon])
+          end
+        end
+
+        describe 'with a negative index and length', 'after appending to the LazyArray' do
+          before { subject.push(@steve) }
+
+          action { subject.send(method, -1, 1, [ @jon ]) }
+
+          should_return_kind_of(Array)
+          should_return_expected_value { [ @jon ] }
+          should_not_be_a_kicker
+
+          it 'changes the matching entries' do
+            expect { action }.to change(subject, :entries).from([@nancy, @bessie, @steve]).to([@nancy, @bessie, @jon])
+          end
+        end
+
+        describe 'with a negative range' do
+          action { subject.send(method, -1..-1, [ @jon ]) }
+
+          should_return_kind_of(Array)
+          should_return_expected_value { [ @jon ] }
+          should_be_a_kicker
+
+          it 'changes the matching entries' do
+            expect { action }.to change(subject, :entries).from([@nancy, @bessie]).to([@nancy, @jon])
+          end
+        end
+
+        describe 'with a negative range', 'after appending to the LazyArray' do
+          before { subject.push(@steve) }
+
+          action { subject.send(method, -1..-1, [ @jon ]) }
+
+          should_return_kind_of(Array)
+          should_return_expected_value { [ @jon ] }
+          should_not_be_a_kicker
+
+          it 'changes the matching entries' do
+            expect { action }.to change(subject, :entries).from([@nancy, @bessie, @steve]).to([@nancy, @bessie, @jon])
+          end
+        end
+
+        describe 'with a positive index 1 greater than the maximum index of the LazyArray' do
+          action { subject.send(method, 2, @jon) }
+
+          should_return_expected_value { @jon }
+          should_be_a_kicker
+
+          it 'changes the matching entries' do
+            expect { action }.to change(subject, :entries).from([@nancy, @bessie]).to([@nancy, @bessie, @jon])
+          end
+        end
+
+        describe 'with a positive index not within the LazyArray' do
+          action { subject.send(method, 3, @jon) }
+
+          should_return_expected_value { @jon }
+          should_be_a_kicker
+
+          it 'changes the matching entries' do
+            expect { action }.to change(subject, :entries).from([@nancy, @bessie]).to([@nancy, @bessie, nil, @jon])
+          end
+        end
+
+        describe 'with a negative index not within the LazyArray' do
+          action { subject.send(method, -3, @jon) }
+
+          should_raise_error(IndexError)
+        end
+
+        describe 'with a positive index and length 1 greater than the maximum index of the LazyArray' do
+          action { subject.send(method, 2, 1, [ @jon ]) }
+
+          should_return_kind_of(Array)
+          should_return_expected_value { [ @jon ] }
+          should_be_a_kicker
+
+          it 'changes the matching entries' do
+            expect { action }.to change(subject, :entries).from([@nancy, @bessie]).to([@nancy, @bessie, @jon])
+          end
+        end
+
+        describe 'with a positive index and length not within the LazyArray' do
+          action { subject.send(method, 3, 1, [ @jon ]) }
+
+          should_return_kind_of(Array)
+          should_return_expected_value { [ @jon ] }
+          should_be_a_kicker
+
+          it 'changes the matching entries' do
+            expect { action }.to change(subject, :entries).from([@nancy, @bessie]).to([@nancy, @bessie, nil, @jon])
+          end
+        end
+
+        describe 'with a negative index and length not within the LazyArray ' do
+          action { subject.send(method, -3, 1, [ @jon ]) }
+
+          should_raise_error(IndexError)
+        end
+
+        describe 'with a positive range 1 greater than the maximum index of the LazyArray' do
+          action { subject.send(method, 2..2, [ @jon ]) }
+
+          should_return_kind_of(Array)
+          should_return_expected_value { [ @jon ] }
+          should_be_a_kicker
+
+          it 'changes the matching entries' do
+            expect { action }.to change(subject, :entries).from([@nancy, @bessie]).to([@nancy, @bessie, @jon])
+          end
+        end
+
+        describe 'with a positive range not within the LazyArray' do
+          action { subject.send(method, 3..3, [ @jon ]) }
+
+          should_return_kind_of(Array)
+          should_return_expected_value { [ @jon ] }
+          should_be_a_kicker
+
+          it 'changes the matching entries' do
+            expect { action }.to change(subject, :entries).from([@nancy, @bessie]).to([@nancy, @bessie, nil, @jon])
+          end
+        end
+
+        describe 'with a negative range not within the LazyArray' do
+          action { subject.send(method, -3..-3, [ @jon ]) }
+
+          should_raise_error(RangeError)
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    should_respond_to(:to_a)
+
+    describe '#to_a', state do
+      action { subject.to_a }
+
+      should_return_kind_of(Array)
+      should_be_a_kicker
+
+      it 'is equivalent to self' do
+        expect(action).to eq subject
+      end
+    end
+
+    should_respond_to(:unshift)
+
+    describe '#unshift', state do
+      action { subject.unshift(@steve, @steve) }
+
+      should_return_subject
+      should_not_be_a_kicker
+
+      it 'prepends entries' do
+        expect { action }.to change(subject, :entries).from([@nancy, @bessie]).to([@steve, @steve, @nancy, @bessie])
+      end
+    end
+
+    should_respond_to(:values_at)
+
+    describe '#values_at', state do
+      describe 'with a positive index' do
+        action { subject.values_at(0) }
+
+        should_return_kind_of(Array)
+        should_return_expected_value { [ @nancy ] }
+        should_be_a_kicker
+        should_not_change_subject
+      end
+
+      describe 'with a positive index', 'after prepending to the LazyArray' do
+        before { subject.unshift(@steve) }
+
+        action { subject.values_at(0) }
+
+        should_return_kind_of(Array)
+        should_return_expected_value { [ @steve ] }
+        should_not_be_a_kicker
+        should_not_change_subject
+      end
+
+      describe 'with a positive range' do
+        action { subject.values_at(0..0) }
+
+        should_return_kind_of(Array)
+        should_return_expected_value { [ @nancy ] }
+        should_be_a_kicker
+        should_not_change_subject
+      end
+
+      describe 'with a positive range', 'after prepending to the LazyArray' do
+        before { subject.unshift(@steve) }
+
+        action { subject.values_at(0..0) }
+
+        should_return_kind_of(Array)
+        should_return_expected_value { [ @steve ] }
+        should_not_be_a_kicker
+        should_not_change_subject
+      end
+
+      describe 'with a negative index' do
+        action { subject.values_at(-1) }
+
+        should_return_kind_of(Array)
+        should_return_expected_value { [ @bessie ] }
+        should_be_a_kicker
+        should_not_change_subject
+      end
+
+      describe 'with a negative index', 'after appending to the LazyArray' do
+        before { subject.push(@steve) }
+
+        action { subject.values_at(-1) }
+
+        should_return_kind_of(Array)
+        should_return_expected_value { [ @steve ] }
+        should_not_be_a_kicker
+        should_not_change_subject
+      end
+
+      describe 'with a negative range' do
+        action { subject.values_at(-1..-1) }
+
+        should_return_kind_of(Array)
+        should_return_expected_value { [ @bessie ] }
+        should_be_a_kicker
+        should_not_change_subject
+      end
+
+      describe 'with a negative range', 'after appending to the LazyArray' do
+        before { subject.push(@steve) }
+
+        action { subject.values_at(-1..-1) }
+
+        should_return_kind_of(Array)
+        should_return_expected_value { [ @steve ] }
+        should_not_be_a_kicker
+        should_not_change_subject
+      end
+
+      describe 'with an index not within the LazyArray' do
+        action { subject.values_at(2) }
+
+        should_return_kind_of(Array)
+        should_return_expected_value { [ nil ] }
+        should_be_a_kicker
+        should_not_change_subject
+      end
+
+      describe 'with a range not within the LazyArray' do
+        action { subject.values_at(2..2) }
+
+        should_return_kind_of(Array)
+        should_return_expected_value { [ nil ] }
+        should_be_a_kicker
+        should_not_change_subject
+      end
+    end
+
+    describe 'a method mixed into Array' do
+      before :all do
+        Enumerable.class_eval do
+          remove_method :lazy_spec if instance_methods(false).any? { |m| m.to_sym == :lazy_spec }
+          def lazy_spec
+            true
+          end
+        end
+      end
+
+      it 'delegates to the Array' do
+        expect(subject.lazy_spec).to be(true)
+      end
+    end
+
+    describe 'an unknown method' do
+      action { subject.unknown }
+
+      should_raise_error(NameError)
+    end
+  end
+end