sbf-dm-core 1.3.0.beta

data/spec/public/shared/finder_shared_spec.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,1647 @@
+shared_examples 'Finder Interface' do
+  before :all do
+    %w[ @article_model @article @other @articles ].each do |ivar|
+      raise "+#{ivar}+ should be defined in before block" unless instance_variable_defined?(ivar)
+      raise "+#{ivar}+ should not be nil in before block" unless instance_variable_get(ivar)
+    end
+  end
+
+  before :all do
+    @no_join = defined?(DataMapper::Adapters::InMemoryAdapter) && @adapter.kind_of?(DataMapper::Adapters::InMemoryAdapter) ||
+               defined?(DataMapper::Adapters::YamlAdapter)     && @adapter.kind_of?(DataMapper::Adapters::YamlAdapter)
+
+    @do_adapter = defined?(DataMapper::Adapters::DataObjectsAdapter) && @adapter.kind_of?(DataMapper::Adapters::DataObjectsAdapter)
+
+    @many_to_many = @articles.kind_of?(DataMapper::Associations::ManyToMany::Collection)
+
+    @skip = @no_join && @many_to_many
+  end
+
+  before do
+    pending if @skip
+  end
+
+  it 'is Enumerable' do
+    expect(@articles).to be_kind_of(Enumerable)
+  end
+
+  [ :[], :slice ].each do |method|
+    it { expect(@articles).to respond_to(method) }
+
+    describe "##{method}" do
+      before :all do
+        1.upto(10) { |number| @articles.create(:content => "Article #{number}") }
+        @copy = @articles.kind_of?(Class) ? @articles : @articles.dup
+      end
+
+      describe 'with a positive offset' do
+        before :all do
+          unless @skip
+            @return = @resource = @articles.send(method, 0)
+          end
+        end
+
+        it 'returns a Resource' do
+          expect(@return).to be_kind_of(DataMapper::Resource)
+        end
+
+        it 'returns expected Resource' do
+          expect(@return).to eq @copy.entries.send(method, 0)
+        end
+      end
+
+      describe 'with a positive offset and length' do
+        before :all do
+          @return = @resources = @articles.send(method, 5, 5)
+        end
+
+        it 'returns a Collection' do
+          expect(@return).to be_kind_of(DataMapper::Collection)
+        end
+
+        it 'returns the expected Resource' do
+          expect(@return).to eq @copy.entries.send(method, 5, 5)
+        end
+
+        it 'scopes the Collection' do
+          expect(@resources.reload).to eq @copy.entries.send(method, 5, 5)
+        end
+      end
+
+      describe 'with a positive range' do
+        before :all do
+          @return = @resources = @articles.send(method, 5..10)
+        end
+
+        it 'returns a Collection' do
+          expect(@return).to be_kind_of(DataMapper::Collection)
+        end
+
+        it 'returns the expected Resources' do
+          expect(@return).to eq @copy.entries.send(method, 5..10)
+        end
+
+        it 'scopes the Collection' do
+          expect(@resources.reload).to eq @copy.entries.send(method, 5..10)
+        end
+      end
+
+      describe 'with a negative offset' do
+        before :all do
+          unless @skip
+            @return = @resource = @articles.send(method, -1)
+          end
+        end
+
+        it 'returns a Resource' do
+          expect(@return).to be_kind_of(DataMapper::Resource)
+        end
+
+        it 'returns expected Resource' do
+          expect(@return).to eq @copy.entries.send(method, -1)
+        end
+      end
+
+      describe 'with a negative offset and length' do
+        before :all do
+          @return = @resources = @articles.send(method, -5, 5)
+        end
+
+        it 'returns a Collection' do
+          expect(@return).to be_kind_of(DataMapper::Collection)
+        end
+
+        it 'returns the expected Resources' do
+          expect(@return).to eq @copy.entries.send(method, -5, 5)
+        end
+
+        it 'scopes the Collection' do
+          expect(@resources.reload).to eq @copy.entries.send(method, -5, 5)
+        end
+      end
+
+      describe 'with a negative range' do
+        before :all do
+          @return = @resources = @articles.send(method, -5..-2)
+        end
+
+        it 'returns a Collection' do
+          expect(@return).to be_kind_of(DataMapper::Collection)
+        end
+
+        it 'returns the expected Resources' do
+          expect(@return.to_a).to eq @copy.entries.send(method, -5..-2)
+        end
+
+        it 'scopes the Collection' do
+          expect(@resources.reload).to eq @copy.entries.send(method, -5..-2)
+        end
+      end
+
+      describe 'with an empty exclusive range' do
+        before :all do
+          @return = @resources = @articles.send(method, 0...0)
+        end
+
+        it 'returns a Collection' do
+          expect(@return).to be_kind_of(DataMapper::Collection)
+        end
+
+        it 'returns the expected value' do
+          expect(@return.to_a).to eq @copy.entries.send(method, 0...0)
+        end
+
+        it 'is empty' do
+          expect(@return).to be_empty
+        end
+      end
+
+      describe 'with an offset not within the Collection' do
+        before :all do
+          unless @skip
+            @return = @articles.send(method, 99)
+          end
+        end
+
+        it 'returns nil' do
+          expect(@return).to be_nil
+        end
+      end
+
+      describe 'with an offset and length not within the Collection' do
+        before :all do
+          @return = @articles.send(method, 99, 1)
+        end
+
+        it 'returns a Collection' do
+          expect(@return).to be_kind_of(DataMapper::Collection)
+        end
+
+        it 'is empty' do
+          expect(@return).to be_empty
+        end
+      end
+
+      describe 'with a range not within the Collection' do
+        before :all do
+          @return = @articles.send(method, 99..100)
+        end
+
+        it 'returns a Collection' do
+          expect(@return).to be_kind_of(DataMapper::Collection)
+        end
+
+        it 'is empty' do
+          expect(@return).to be_empty
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  it { expect(@articles).to respond_to(:all) }
+
+  describe '#all' do
+    describe 'with no arguments' do
+      before :all do
+        @copy = @articles.kind_of?(Class) ? @articles : @articles.dup
+
+        @return = @collection = @articles.all
+      end
+
+      it 'returns a Collection' do
+        expect(@return).to be_kind_of(DataMapper::Collection)
+      end
+
+      it 'returns a new instance' do
+        expect(@return).not_to equal(@articles)
+      end
+
+      it 'is expected Resources' do
+        expect(@collection).to eq @articles.entries
+      end
+
+      it 'does not have a Query the same as the original' do
+        expect(@return.query).not_to equal(@articles.query)
+      end
+
+      it 'has a Query equal to the original' do
+        expect(@return.query).to eql(@articles.query)
+      end
+
+      it 'scopes the Collection' do
+        expect(@collection.reload).to eq @copy.entries
+      end
+    end
+
+    describe 'with a query' do
+      before :all do
+        @new  = @articles.create(:content => 'New Article')
+        @copy = @articles.kind_of?(Class) ? @articles : @articles.dup
+
+        @return = @articles.all(:content => [ 'New Article' ])
+      end
+
+      it 'returns a Collection' do
+        expect(@return).to be_kind_of(DataMapper::Collection)
+      end
+
+      it 'returns a new instance' do
+        expect(@return).not_to equal(@articles)
+      end
+
+      it 'is expected Resources' do
+        expect(@return).to eq [ @new ]
+      end
+
+      it 'has a different query than original Collection' do
+        expect(@return.query).not_to equal(@articles.query)
+      end
+
+      it 'scopes the Collection' do
+        expect(@return.reload).to eq @copy.entries.select { |resource| resource.content == 'New Article' }
+      end
+    end
+
+    describe 'with a query using raw conditions' do
+      before do
+        pending unless defined?(DataMapper::Adapters::DataObjectsAdapter) && @adapter.kind_of?(DataMapper::Adapters::DataObjectsAdapter)
+      end
+
+      before :all do
+        @new  = @articles.create(:subtitle => 'New Article')
+        @copy = @articles.kind_of?(Class) ? @articles : @articles.dup
+
+        @return = @articles.all(:conditions => [ 'subtitle = ?', 'New Article' ])
+      end
+
+      it 'returns a Collection' do
+        expect(@return).to be_kind_of(DataMapper::Collection)
+      end
+
+      it 'returns a new instance' do
+        expect(@return).not_to equal(@articles)
+      end
+
+      it 'is expected Resources' do
+        expect(@return).to eq [ @new ]
+      end
+
+      it 'has a different query than original Collection' do
+        expect(@return.query).not_to eq @articles.query
+      end
+
+      it 'scopes the Collection' do
+        expect(@return.reload).to eq @copy.entries.select { |resource| resource.subtitle == 'New Article' }.first(1)
+      end
+    end
+
+    describe 'with a query that is out of range' do
+      it 'raises an exception' do
+        expect {
+          @articles.all(:limit => 10).all(:offset => 10)
+        }.to raise_error(RangeError, 'offset 10 and limit 0 are outside allowed range')
+      end
+    end
+
+    describe 'with a query using a m:1 relationship' do
+      describe 'with a Hash' do
+        before :all do
+          @return = @articles.all(:original => @original.attributes)
+        end
+
+        it 'returns a Collection' do
+          expect(@return).to be_kind_of(DataMapper::Collection)
+        end
+
+        it 'is expected Resources' do
+          expect(@return).to eq [ @article ]
+        end
+
+        it 'has a valid query' do
+          expect(@return.query).to be_valid
+        end
+      end
+
+      describe 'with a resource' do
+        before :all do
+          @return = @articles.all(:original => @original)
+        end
+
+        it 'returns a Collection' do
+          expect(@return).to be_kind_of(DataMapper::Collection)
+        end
+
+        it 'are expected Resources' do
+          expect(@return).to eq [ @article ]
+        end
+
+        it 'has a valid query' do
+          expect(@return.query).to be_valid
+        end
+      end
+
+      describe 'with a collection' do
+        before :all do
+          @collection = @article_model.all(
+            Hash[ @article_model.key.zip(@original.key) ]
+          )
+
+          @return = @articles.all(:original => @collection)
+        end
+
+        it 'returns a Collection' do
+          expect(@return).to be_kind_of(DataMapper::Collection)
+        end
+
+        it 'is expected Resources' do
+          expect(@return).to eq [ @article ]
+        end
+
+        it 'has a valid query' do
+          expect(@return.query).to be_valid
+        end
+
+      end
+
+      describe 'with an empty Array' do
+        before :all do
+          @return = @articles.all(:original => [])
+        end
+
+        it 'returns a Collection' do
+          expect(@return).to be_kind_of(DataMapper::Collection)
+        end
+
+        it 'is an empty Collection' do
+          expect(@return).to be_empty
+        end
+
+        it 'does not have a valid query' do
+          expect(@return.query).not_to be_valid
+        end
+      end
+
+      describe 'with a nil value' do
+        before :all do
+          @return = @articles.all(:original => nil)
+        end
+
+        it 'returns a Collection' do
+          expect(@return).to be_kind_of(DataMapper::Collection)
+        end
+
+        if respond_to?(:model?) && model?
+          it 'is expected Resources' do
+            expect(@return).to eq [ @original, @other ]
+          end
+        else
+          it 'is an empty Collection' do
+            expect(@return).to be_empty
+          end
+        end
+
+        it 'has a valid query' do
+          expect(@return.query).to be_valid
+        end
+
+        it 'is equivalent to negated collection query' do
+          pending 'Update RDBMS to match ruby behavior' if @do_adapter && @articles.kind_of?(DataMapper::Model)
+
+          # NOTE: the second query will not match any articles where original_id
+          # is nil, while the in-memory/yaml adapters will.  RDBMS will explicitly
+          # filter out NULL matches because we are matching on a non-NULL value,
+          # which is not consistent with how DM/Ruby matching behaves.
+          expect(@return).to eq @articles.all(:original.not => @article_model.all)
+        end
+      end
+
+      describe 'with a negated nil value' do
+        before :all do
+          @return = @articles.all(:original.not => nil)
+        end
+
+        it 'returns a Collection' do
+          expect(@return).to be_kind_of(DataMapper::Collection)
+        end
+
+        it 'are expected Resources' do
+          expect(@return).to eq [ @article ]
+        end
+
+        it 'has a valid query' do
+          expect(@return.query).to be_valid
+        end
+
+        it 'is equivalent to collection query' do
+          expect(@return).to eq @articles.all(:original => @article_model.all)
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    describe 'with a query using a 1:1 relationship' do
+      before :all do
+        @new = @articles.create(:content => 'New Article', :original => @article)
+      end
+
+      describe 'with a Hash' do
+        before :all do
+          @return = @articles.all(:previous => @new.attributes)
+        end
+
+        it 'returns a Collection' do
+          expect(@return).to be_kind_of(DataMapper::Collection)
+        end
+
+        it 'are expected Resources' do
+          expect(@return).to eq [ @article ]
+        end
+
+        it 'has a valid query' do
+          expect(@return.query).to be_valid
+        end
+      end
+
+      describe 'with a resource' do
+        before :all do
+          @return = @articles.all(:previous => @new)
+        end
+
+        it 'returns a Collection' do
+          expect(@return).to be_kind_of(DataMapper::Collection)
+        end
+
+        it 'are expected Resources' do
+          expect(@return).to eq [ @article ]
+        end
+
+        it 'has a valid query' do
+          expect(@return.query).to be_valid
+        end
+      end
+
+      describe 'with a collection' do
+        before :all do
+          @collection = @article_model.all(
+            Hash[ @article_model.key.zip(@new.key) ]
+          )
+
+          @return = @articles.all(:previous => @collection)
+        end
+
+        it 'returns a Collection' do
+          expect(@return).to be_kind_of(DataMapper::Collection)
+        end
+
+        it 'are expected Resources' do
+          expect(@return).to eq [ @article ]
+        end
+
+        it 'has a valid query' do
+          expect(@return.query).to be_valid
+        end
+      end
+
+      describe 'with an empty Array' do
+        before :all do
+          @return = @articles.all(:previous => [])
+        end
+
+        it 'returns a Collection' do
+          expect(@return).to be_kind_of(DataMapper::Collection)
+        end
+
+        it 'is an empty Collection' do
+          expect(@return).to be_empty
+        end
+
+        it 'does not have a valid query' do
+          expect(@return.query).not_to be_valid
+        end
+      end
+
+      describe 'with a nil value' do
+        before :all do
+          @return = @articles.all(:previous => nil)
+        end
+
+        it 'returns a Collection' do
+          expect(@return).to be_kind_of(DataMapper::Collection)
+        end
+
+        if respond_to?(:model?) && model?
+          it 'are expected Resources' do
+            expect(@return).to eq [ @other, @new ]
+          end
+        else
+          it 'are expected Resources' do
+            expect(@return).to eq [ @new ]
+          end
+        end
+
+        it 'has a valid query' do
+          expect(@return.query).to be_valid
+        end
+
+        it 'is equivalent to negated collection query' do
+          expect(@return).to eq @articles.all(:previous.not => @article_model.all(:original.not => nil))
+        end
+      end
+
+      describe 'with a negated nil value' do
+        before :all do
+          @return = @articles.all(:previous.not => nil)
+        end
+
+        it 'returns a Collection' do
+          expect(@return).to be_kind_of(DataMapper::Collection)
+        end
+
+        if respond_to?(:model?) && model?
+          it 'are expected Resources' do
+            expect(@return).to eq [ @original, @article ]
+          end
+        else
+          it 'are expected Resources' do
+            expect(@return).to eq [ @article ]
+          end
+        end
+
+        it 'has a valid query' do
+          expect(@return.query).to be_valid
+        end
+
+        it 'is equivalent to collection query' do
+          expect(@return).to eq @articles.all(:previous => @article_model.all)
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    describe 'with a query using a 1:m relationship' do
+      before :all do
+        @new = @articles.create(:content => 'New Article', :original => @article)
+      end
+
+      describe 'with a Hash' do
+        before :all do
+          @return = @articles.all(:revisions => @new.attributes)
+        end
+
+        it 'returns a Collection' do
+          expect(@return).to be_kind_of(DataMapper::Collection)
+        end
+
+        it 'are expected Resources' do
+          expect(@return).to eq [ @article ]
+        end
+
+        it 'has a valid query' do
+          expect(@return.query).to be_valid
+        end
+      end
+
+      describe 'with a resource' do
+        before :all do
+          @return = @articles.all(:revisions => @new)
+        end
+
+        it 'returns a Collection' do
+          expect(@return).to be_kind_of(DataMapper::Collection)
+        end
+
+        it 'are expected Resources' do
+          expect(@return).to eq [ @article ]
+        end
+
+        it 'has a valid query' do
+          expect(@return.query).to be_valid
+        end
+      end
+
+      describe 'with a collection' do
+        before :all do
+          @collection = @article_model.all(
+            Hash[ @article_model.key.zip(@new.key) ]
+          )
+
+          @return = @articles.all(:revisions => @collection)
+        end
+
+        it 'returns a Collection' do
+          expect(@return).to be_kind_of(DataMapper::Collection)
+        end
+
+        it 'are expected Resources' do
+          expect(@return).to eq [ @article ]
+        end
+
+        it 'has a valid query' do
+          expect(@return.query).to be_valid
+        end
+      end
+
+      describe 'with an empty Array' do
+        before :all do
+          @return = @articles.all(:revisions => [])
+        end
+
+        it 'returns a Collection' do
+          expect(@return).to be_kind_of(DataMapper::Collection)
+        end
+
+        it 'is an empty Collection' do
+          expect(@return).to be_empty
+        end
+
+        it 'does not have a valid query' do
+          expect(@return.query).not_to be_valid
+        end
+      end
+
+      describe 'with a nil value' do
+        before :all do
+          @return = @articles.all(:revisions => nil)
+        end
+
+        it 'returns a Collection' do
+          expect(@return).to be_kind_of(DataMapper::Collection)
+        end
+
+        if respond_to?(:model?) && model?
+          it 'are expected Resources' do
+            expect(@return).to eq [ @other, @new ]
+          end
+        else
+          it 'are expected Resources' do
+            expect(@return).to eq [ @new ]
+          end
+        end
+
+        it 'has a valid query' do
+          expect(@return.query).to be_valid
+        end
+
+        it 'is equivalent to negated collection query' do
+          expect(@return).to eq @articles.all(:revisions.not => @article_model.all(:original.not => nil))
+        end
+      end
+
+      describe 'with a negated nil value' do
+        before :all do
+          @return = @articles.all(:revisions.not => nil)
+        end
+
+        it 'returns a Collection' do
+          expect(@return).to be_kind_of(DataMapper::Collection)
+        end
+
+        if respond_to?(:model?) && model?
+          it 'are expected Resources' do
+            expect(@return).to eq [ @original, @article ]
+          end
+        else
+          it 'are expected Resources' do
+            expect(@return).to eq [ @article ]
+          end
+        end
+
+        it 'has a valid query' do
+          expect(@return.query).to be_valid
+        end
+
+        it 'is equivalent to collection query' do
+          expect(@return).to eq @articles.all(:revisions => @article_model.all)
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    describe 'with a query using a m:m relationship' do
+      before :all do
+        @publication = @article.publications.create(:name => 'DataMapper Now')
+      end
+
+      describe 'with a Hash' do
+        before :all do
+          @return = @articles.all(:publications => @publication.attributes)
+        end
+
+        it 'returns a Collection' do
+          expect(@return).to be_kind_of(DataMapper::Collection)
+        end
+
+        it 'are expected Resources' do
+          pending 'TODO'
+
+          expect(@return).to eq [ @article ]
+        end
+
+        it 'has a valid query' do
+          expect(@return.query).to be_valid
+        end
+      end
+
+      describe 'with a resource' do
+        before :all do
+          @return = @articles.all(:publications => @publication)
+        end
+
+        it 'returns a Collection' do
+          expect(@return).to be_kind_of(DataMapper::Collection)
+        end
+
+        it 'are expected Resources' do
+          pending 'TODO'
+
+          expect(@return).to eq [ @article ]
+        end
+
+        it 'has a valid query' do
+          expect(@return.query).to be_valid
+        end
+      end
+
+      describe 'with a collection' do
+        before :all do
+          @collection = @publication_model.all(
+            Hash[ @publication_model.key.zip(@publication.key) ]
+          )
+
+          @return = @articles.all(:publications => @collection)
+        end
+
+        it 'returns a Collection' do
+          expect(@return).to be_kind_of(DataMapper::Collection)
+        end
+
+        it 'are expected Resources' do
+          pending 'TODO'
+
+          expect(@return).to eq [ @article ]
+        end
+
+        it 'has a valid query' do
+          expect(@return.query).to be_valid
+        end
+      end
+
+      describe 'with an empty Array' do
+        before :all do
+          @return = @articles.all(:publications => [])
+        end
+
+        it 'returns a Collection' do
+          expect(@return).to be_kind_of(DataMapper::Collection)
+        end
+
+        it 'is an empty Collection' do
+          expect(@return).to be_empty
+        end
+
+        it 'does not have a valid query' do
+          expect(@return.query).not_to be_valid
+        end
+      end
+
+      describe 'with a nil value' do
+        before :all do
+          @return = @articles.all(:publications => nil)
+        end
+
+        it 'returns a Collection' do
+          expect(@return).to be_kind_of(DataMapper::Collection)
+        end
+
+        it 'is empty' do
+          pending 'TODO'
+
+          expect(@return).to be_empty
+        end
+
+        it 'has a valid query' do
+          expect(@return.query).to be_valid
+        end
+
+        it 'is equivalent to negated collection query' do
+          expect(@return).to eq @articles.all(:publications.not => @publication_model.all)
+        end
+      end
+
+      describe 'with a negated nil value' do
+        before :all do
+          @return = @articles.all(:publications.not => nil)
+        end
+
+        it 'returns a Collection' do
+          expect(@return).to be_kind_of(DataMapper::Collection)
+        end
+
+        it 'are expected Resources' do
+          pending 'TODO'
+
+          expect(@return).to eq [ @article ]
+        end
+
+        it 'has a valid query' do
+          expect(@return.query).to be_valid
+        end
+
+        it 'is equivalent to collection query' do
+          expect(@return).to eq @articles.all(:publications => @publication_model.all)
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  it { expect(@articles).to respond_to(:at) }
+
+  describe '#at' do
+    before :all do
+      @copy = @articles.kind_of?(Class) ? @articles : @articles.dup
+      @copy.to_a
+    end
+
+    describe 'with positive offset' do
+      before :all do
+        @return = @resource = @articles.at(0)
+      end
+
+      should_not_be_a_kicker
+
+      it 'returns a Resource' do
+        expect(@return).to be_kind_of(DataMapper::Resource)
+      end
+
+      it 'returns expected Resource' do
+        expect(@resource).to eq @copy.entries.at(0)
+      end
+    end
+
+    describe 'with negative offset' do
+      before :all do
+        @return = @resource = @articles.at(-1)
+      end
+
+      should_not_be_a_kicker
+
+      it 'returns a Resource' do
+        expect(@return).to be_kind_of(DataMapper::Resource)
+      end
+
+      it 'returns expected Resource' do
+        expect(@resource).to eq @copy.entries.at(-1)
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  it { expect(@articles).to respond_to(:each) }
+
+  describe '#each' do
+    context 'with a block' do
+      subject { @articles.each(&block) }
+
+      let(:yields) { []                                       }
+      let(:block)  { lambda { |resource| yields << resource } }
+
+      before do
+        @copy = @articles.kind_of?(Class) ? @articles : @articles.dup
+        @copy.to_a
+      end
+
+      it { is_expected.to equal(@articles) }
+
+      it { expect { method(:subject) }.to change { yields.dup }.from([]).to(@copy.to_a) }
+    end
+
+    context 'without a block' do
+      subject { @articles.each }
+
+      let(:yields) { []                                       }
+      let(:block)  { lambda { |resource| yields << resource } }
+
+      before do
+        @copy = @articles.kind_of?(Class) ? @articles : @articles.dup
+        @copy.to_a
+      end
+
+      it { is_expected.to be_instance_of(to_enum.class) }
+
+      it { expect { subject.each(&block) }.to change { yields.dup }.from([]).to(@copy.to_a) }
+    end
+  end
+
+  it { expect(@articles).to respond_to(:fetch) }
+
+  describe '#fetch' do
+    subject { @articles.fetch(*args, &block) }
+
+    let(:block) { nil }
+
+    context 'with a valid index and no default' do
+      let(:args) { [ 0 ] }
+
+      before do
+        @copy = @articles.kind_of?(Class) ? @articles : @articles.dup
+        @copy.to_a
+      end
+
+      should_not_be_a_kicker
+
+      it { is_expected.to be_kind_of(DataMapper::Resource) }
+
+      it { is_expected.to eq @copy.entries.fetch(*args) }
+    end
+
+    context 'with an invalid index and no default' do
+      let(:args) { [ 42 ] }
+
+      it { expect { method(:subject) }.to raise_error(IndexError) }
+    end
+
+    context 'with an invalid index and a default' do
+      let(:default) { mock('Default') }
+      let(:args)    { [ 42, default ] }
+
+      it { is_expected.to equal(default) }
+    end
+
+    context 'with an invalid index and a block default' do
+      let(:yields)  { []                                          }
+      let(:default) { mock('Default')                             }
+      let(:block)   { lambda { |index| yields << index; default } }
+      let(:args)    { [ 42 ]                                      }
+
+      it { is_expected.to equal(default) }
+
+      it { expect { method(:subject) }.to change { yields.dup }.from([]).to([ 42 ]) }
+    end
+  end
+
+  it { expect(@articles).to respond_to(:first) }
+
+  describe '#first' do
+    before :all do
+      1.upto(5) { |number| @articles.create(:content => "Article #{number}") }
+
+      @copy = @articles.kind_of?(Class) ? @articles : @articles.dup
+      @copy.to_a
+    end
+
+    describe 'with no arguments' do
+      before :all do
+        @return = @resource = @articles.first
+      end
+
+      it 'returns a Resource' do
+        expect(@return).to be_kind_of(DataMapper::Resource)
+      end
+
+      it 'is first Resource in the Collection' do
+        expect(@resource).to eq @copy.entries.first
+      end
+    end
+
+    describe 'with empty query' do
+      before :all do
+        @return = @resource = @articles.first({})
+      end
+
+      it 'returns a Resource' do
+        expect(@return).to be_kind_of(DataMapper::Resource)
+      end
+
+      it 'is first Resource in the Collection' do
+        expect(@resource).to eq @copy.entries.first
+      end
+    end
+
+    describe 'with a query' do
+      before :all do
+        @return = @resource = @articles.first(:content => 'Sample')
+      end
+
+      it 'returns a Resource' do
+        expect(@return).to be_kind_of(DataMapper::Resource)
+      end
+
+      it 'is first Resource in the Collection matching the query' do
+        expect(@resource).to eq @article
+      end
+    end
+
+    describe 'with a limit specified' do
+      before :all do
+        @return = @resources = @articles.first(1)
+      end
+
+      it 'returns a Collection' do
+        expect(@return).to be_kind_of(DataMapper::Collection)
+      end
+
+      it 'is the first N Resources in the Collection' do
+        expect(@resources).to eq @copy.entries.first(1)
+      end
+    end
+
+    describe 'on an empty collection' do
+      before :all do
+        @articles = @articles.all(:id => nil)
+        @return = @articles.first
+      end
+
+      it 'is still an empty collection' do
+        expect(@articles).to be_empty
+      end
+
+      it 'returns nil' do
+        expect(@return).to be_nil
+      end
+    end
+
+    describe 'with offset specified' do
+      before :all do
+        @return = @resource = @articles.first(:offset => 1)
+      end
+
+      it 'returns a Resource' do
+        expect(@return).to be_kind_of(DataMapper::Resource)
+      end
+
+      it 'is the second Resource in the Collection' do
+        expect(@resource).to eq @copy.entries[1]
+      end
+    end
+
+    describe 'with a limit and query specified' do
+      before :all do
+        @return = @resources = @articles.first(1, :content => 'Sample')
+      end
+
+      it 'returns a Collection' do
+        expect(@return).to be_kind_of(DataMapper::Collection)
+      end
+
+      it 'is the first N Resources in the Collection matching the query' do
+        expect(@resources).to eq [ @article ]
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  it { expect(@articles).to respond_to(:first_or_create) }
+
+  describe '#first_or_create' do
+    describe 'with conditions that find an existing Resource' do
+      before :all do
+        @return = @resource = @articles.first_or_create(@article.attributes)
+      end
+
+      it 'returns a Resource' do
+        expect(@return).to be_kind_of(DataMapper::Resource)
+      end
+
+      it 'is expected Resource' do
+        expect(@resource).to eq @article
+      end
+
+      it 'is a saved Resource' do
+        expect(@resource).to be_saved
+      end
+    end
+
+    describe 'with conditions that do not find an existing Resource' do
+      before :all do
+        @conditions = { :content => 'Unknown Content' }
+        @attributes = {}
+
+        @return = @resource = @articles.first_or_create(@conditions, @attributes)
+      end
+
+      it 'returns a Resource' do
+        expect(@return).to be_kind_of(DataMapper::Resource)
+      end
+
+      it 'is expected Resource' do
+        expect(DataMapper::Ext::Hash.only(@resource.attributes, *@conditions.keys)).to eq @conditions
+      end
+
+      it 'is a saved Resource' do
+        expect(@resource).to be_saved
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  it { expect(@articles).to respond_to(:first_or_new) }
+
+  describe '#first_or_new' do
+    describe 'with conditions that find an existing Resource' do
+      before :all do
+        @return = @resource = @articles.first_or_new(@article.attributes)
+      end
+
+      it 'returns a Resource' do
+        expect(@return).to be_kind_of(DataMapper::Resource)
+      end
+
+      it 'is expected Resource' do
+        expect(@resource).to eq @article
+      end
+
+      it 'is a saved Resource' do
+        expect(@resource).to be_saved
+      end
+    end
+
+    describe 'with conditions that do not find an existing Resource' do
+      before :all do
+        @conditions = { :content => 'Unknown Content' }
+        @attributes = {}
+
+        @return = @resource = @articles.first_or_new(@conditions, @attributes)
+      end
+
+      it 'returns a Resource' do
+        expect(@return).to be_kind_of(DataMapper::Resource)
+      end
+
+      it 'is expected Resource' do
+        expect(DataMapper::Ext::Hash.only(@resource.attributes, *@conditions.keys)).to eq @conditions
+      end
+
+      it 'is a saved Resource' do
+        expect(@resource).to be_new
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  [ :get, :get! ].each do |method|
+    it { expect(@articles).to respond_to(method) }
+
+    describe "##{method}" do
+      describe 'with a key to a Resource within the Collection' do
+        before :all do
+          unless @skip
+            @return = @resource = @articles.send(method, *@article.key)
+          end
+        end
+
+        it 'returns a Resource' do
+          expect(@return).to be_kind_of(DataMapper::Resource)
+        end
+
+        it 'is matching Resource in the Collection' do
+          expect(@resource).to eq @article
+        end
+      end
+
+      describe 'with a key not typecast' do
+        before :all do
+          unless @skip
+            @return = @resource = @articles.send(method, *@article.key.map { |value| value.to_s })
+          end
+        end
+
+        it 'returns a Resource' do
+          expect(@return).to be_kind_of(DataMapper::Resource)
+        end
+
+        it 'is matching Resource in the Collection' do
+          expect(@resource).to eq @article
+        end
+      end
+
+      describe 'with a key to a Resource not within the Collection' do
+        if method == :get
+          it 'returns nil' do
+            expect(@articles.get(99)).to be_nil
+          end
+        else
+          it 'raises an exception' do
+            expect {
+              @articles.get!(99)
+            }.to raise_error(DataMapper::ObjectNotFoundError, "Could not find #{@article_model} with key \[99\]")
+          end
+        end
+      end
+
+      describe 'with a key that is nil' do
+        if method == :get
+          it 'returns nil' do
+            expect(@articles.get(nil)).to be_nil
+          end
+        else
+          it 'raises an exception' do
+            expect {
+              @articles.get!(nil)
+            }.to raise_error(DataMapper::ObjectNotFoundError, "Could not find #{@article_model} with key [nil]")
+          end
+        end
+      end
+
+      describe 'with a key that is an empty String' do
+        if method == :get
+          it 'returns nil' do
+            expect(@articles.get('')).to be_nil
+          end
+        else
+          it 'raises an exception' do
+            expect {
+              @articles.get!('')
+            }.to raise_error(DataMapper::ObjectNotFoundError, "Could not find #{@article_model} with key [\"\"]")
+          end
+        end
+      end
+
+      describe 'with a key that has incorrect number of arguments' do
+        subject { @articles.send(method) }
+
+        it 'raises an exception' do
+          expect { method(:subject) }.to raise_error(ArgumentError, 'The number of arguments for the key is invalid, expected 1 but was 0')
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  it { expect(@articles).to respond_to(:last) }
+
+  describe '#last' do
+    before :all do
+      1.upto(5) { |number| @articles.create(:content => "Article #{number}") }
+
+      @copy = @articles.kind_of?(Class) ? @articles : @articles.dup
+      @copy.to_a
+    end
+
+    describe 'with no arguments' do
+      before :all do
+        @return = @resource = @articles.last
+      end
+
+      it 'returns a Resource' do
+        expect(@return).to be_kind_of(DataMapper::Resource)
+      end
+
+      it 'is last Resource in the Collection' do
+        expect(@resource).to eq @copy.entries.last
+      end
+    end
+
+    describe 'with a query' do
+      before :all do
+        @return = @resource = @articles.last(:content => 'Sample')
+      end
+
+      it 'returns a Resource' do
+        expect(@return).to be_kind_of(DataMapper::Resource)
+      end
+
+      it 'is the last Resource in the Collection matching the query' do
+        expect(@resource).to eq @article
+      end
+
+      it 'does not update the original query order' do
+        collection     = @articles.all(:order => [ :title ])
+        original_order = collection.query.order[0].dup
+        last           = collection.last(:content => 'Sample')
+
+        expect(last).to eq @resource
+
+        expect(collection.query.order[0]).to eq original_order
+      end
+    end
+
+    describe 'with a limit specified' do
+      before :all do
+        @return = @resources = @articles.last(1)
+      end
+
+      it 'returns a Collection' do
+        expect(@return).to be_kind_of(DataMapper::Collection)
+      end
+
+      it 'is the last N Resources in the Collection' do
+        expect(@resources).to eq @copy.entries.last(1)
+      end
+    end
+
+    describe 'with offset specified' do
+      before :all do
+        @return = @resource = @articles.last(:offset => 1)
+      end
+
+      it 'returns a Resource' do
+        expect(@return).to be_kind_of(DataMapper::Resource)
+      end
+
+      it 'is the second Resource in the Collection' do
+        expect(@resource).to eq @copy.entries[-2]
+      end
+    end
+
+    describe 'with a limit and query specified' do
+      before :all do
+        @return = @resources = @articles.last(1, :content => 'Sample')
+      end
+
+      it 'returns a Collection' do
+        expect(@return).to be_kind_of(DataMapper::Collection)
+      end
+
+      it 'is the last N Resources in the Collection matching the query' do
+        expect(@resources).to eq [ @article ]
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  it { expect(@articles).to respond_to(:reverse) }
+
+  describe '#reverse' do
+    before :all do
+      @query = @articles.query
+
+      @new = @articles.create(:title => 'Sample Article')
+
+      @return = @articles.reverse
+    end
+
+    it 'returns a Collection' do
+      expect(@return).to be_kind_of(DataMapper::Collection)
+    end
+
+    it 'returns a Collection with reversed entries' do
+      expect(@return).to eq @articles.entries.reverse
+    end
+
+    it 'returns a Query that is the reverse of the original' do
+      expect(@return.query).to eq @query.reverse
+    end
+  end
+
+  it { expect(@articles).to respond_to(:values_at) }
+
+  describe '#values_at' do
+    subject { @articles.values_at(*args) }
+
+    before :all do
+      @copy = @articles.kind_of?(Class) ? @articles : @articles.dup
+      @copy.to_a
+    end
+
+    context 'with positive offset' do
+      let(:args) { [ 0 ] }
+
+      should_not_be_a_kicker
+
+      it { is_expected.to be_kind_of(Array) }
+
+      it { is_expected.to eq @copy.entries.values_at(*args) }
+    end
+
+    describe 'with negative offset' do
+      let(:args) { [ -1 ] }
+
+      should_not_be_a_kicker
+
+      it { is_expected.to be_kind_of(Array) }
+
+      it { is_expected.to eq @copy.entries.values_at(*args) }
+    end
+  end
+
+  it 'responds to a belongs_to relationship method with #method_missing' do
+    pending 'Model#method_missing should delegate to relationships' if @articles.kind_of?(Class)
+
+    expect(@articles).to respond_to(:original)
+  end
+
+  it 'responds to a has n relationship method with #method_missing' do
+    pending 'Model#method_missing should delegate to relationships' if @articles.kind_of?(Class)
+
+    expect(@articles).to respond_to(:revisions)
+  end
+
+  it 'responds to a has 1 relationship method with #method_missing' do
+    pending 'Model#method_missing should delegate to relationships' if @articles.kind_of?(Class)
+
+    expect(@articles).to respond_to(:previous)
+  end
+
+  describe '#method_missing' do
+    before do
+      pending 'Model#method_missing delegates to relationships' if @articles.kind_of?(Class)
+    end
+
+    describe 'with a belongs_to relationship method' do
+      before :all do
+        rescue_if 'Model#method_missing delegates to relationships', @articles.kind_of?(Class) do
+          @articles.create(:content => 'Another Article', :original => @original)
+
+          @return = @collection = @articles.originals
+        end
+      end
+
+      should_not_be_a_kicker
+
+      it 'returns a Collection' do
+        expect(@return).to be_kind_of(DataMapper::Collection)
+      end
+
+      it 'returns expected Collection' do
+        expect(@collection).to eq [ @original ]
+      end
+
+      it 'sets the association for each Resource' do
+        expect(@articles.map { |resource| resource.original }).to eq [ @original, @original ]
+      end
+    end
+
+    describe 'with a has 1 relationship method' do
+      before :all do
+        # FIXME: create is necessary for m:m so that the intermediary
+        # is created properly.  This does not occur with @new.save
+        @new = @articles.send(@many_to_many ? :create : :new)
+
+        @article.previous = @new
+        @new.previous     = @other
+
+        expect(@article.save).to be(true)
+      end
+
+      describe 'with no arguments' do
+        before :all do
+          @return = @articles.previous
+        end
+
+        should_not_be_a_kicker
+
+        it 'returns a Collection' do
+          expect(@return).to be_kind_of(DataMapper::Collection)
+        end
+
+        it 'returns expected Collection' do
+          # association is sorted reverse by id
+          expect(@return).to eq [ @new, @other ]
+        end
+
+        it 'sets the association for each Resource' do
+          expect(@articles.map { |resource| resource.previous }).to eq [ @new, @other ]
+        end
+      end
+
+      describe 'with arguments' do
+        before :all do
+          @return = @articles.previous(:fields => [ :id ])
+        end
+
+        should_not_be_a_kicker
+
+        it 'returns a Collection' do
+          expect(@return).to be_kind_of(DataMapper::Collection)
+        end
+
+        it 'returns expected Collection' do
+          # association is sorted reverse by id
+          expect(@return).to eq [ @new, @other ]
+        end
+
+        { :id => true, :title => false, :content => false }.each do |attribute, expected|
+          it "has query field #{attribute.inspect} #{'not' unless expected} loaded".squeeze(' ') do
+            @return.each { |resource| expect(resource.attribute_loaded?(attribute)).to eq expected }
+          end
+        end
+
+        it 'sets the association for each Resource' do
+          expect(@articles.map { |resource| resource.previous }).to eq [ @new, @other ]
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    describe 'with a has n relationship method' do
+      before :all do
+        # FIXME: create is necessary for m:m so that the intermediary
+        # is created properly.  This does not occur with @new.save
+        @new = @articles.send(@many_to_many ? :create : :new)
+
+        # associate the article with children
+        @article.revisions << @new
+        @new.revisions     << @other
+
+        expect(@article.save).to be(true)
+      end
+
+      describe 'with no arguments' do
+        before :all do
+          @return = @collection = @articles.revisions
+        end
+
+        should_not_be_a_kicker
+
+        it 'returns a Collection' do
+          expect(@return).to be_kind_of(DataMapper::Collection)
+        end
+
+        it 'returns expected Collection' do
+          expect(@collection).to eq [ @other, @new ]
+        end
+
+        it 'sets the association for each Resource' do
+          expect(@articles.map { |resource| resource.revisions }).to eq [ [ @new ], [ @other ] ]
+        end
+      end
+
+      describe 'with arguments' do
+        before :all do
+          @return = @collection = @articles.revisions(:fields => [ :id ])
+        end
+
+        should_not_be_a_kicker
+
+        it 'returns a Collection' do
+          expect(@return).to be_kind_of(DataMapper::Collection)
+        end
+
+        it 'returns expected Collection' do
+          expect(@collection).to eq [ @other, @new ]
+        end
+
+        { :id => true, :title => false, :content => false }.each do |attribute, expected|
+          it "has query field #{attribute.inspect} #{'not' unless expected} loaded".squeeze(' ') do
+            @collection.each { |resource| expect(resource.attribute_loaded?(attribute)).to eq expected }
+          end
+        end
+
+        it 'sets the association for each Resource' do
+          expect(@articles.map { |resource| resource.revisions }).to eq [ [ @new ], [ @other ] ]
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    describe 'with a has n :through relationship method' do
+      before :all do
+        @new = @articles.create
+
+        @publication1 = @article.publications.create(:name => 'Ruby Today')
+        @publication2 = @new.publications.create(:name => 'Inside DataMapper')
+      end
+
+      describe 'with no arguments' do
+        before :all do
+          @return = @collection = @articles.publications
+        end
+
+        should_not_be_a_kicker
+
+        it 'returns a Collection' do
+          expect(@return).to be_kind_of(DataMapper::Collection)
+        end
+
+        it 'returns expected Collection' do
+          pending if @no_join
+
+          expect(@collection).to eq [ @publication1, @publication2 ]
+        end
+
+        it 'sets the association for each Resource' do
+          pending if @no_join
+
+          expect(@articles.map { |resource| resource.publications }).to eq [ [ @publication1 ], [ @publication2 ] ]
+        end
+      end
+
+      describe 'with arguments' do
+        before :all do
+          @return = @collection = @articles.publications(:fields => [ :id ])
+        end
+
+        should_not_be_a_kicker
+
+        it 'returns a Collection' do
+          expect(@return).to be_kind_of(DataMapper::Collection)
+        end
+
+        it 'returns expected Collection' do
+          pending if @no_join
+
+          expect(@collection).to eq [ @publication1, @publication2 ]
+        end
+
+        { :id => true, :name => false }.each do |attribute, expected|
+          it "has query field #{attribute.inspect} #{'not' unless expected} loaded".squeeze(' ') do
+            @collection.each { |resource| expect(resource.attribute_loaded?(attribute)).to eq expected }
+          end
+        end
+
+        it 'sets the association for each Resource' do
+          pending if @no_join
+
+          expect(@articles.map { |resource| resource.publications }).to eq [ [ @publication1 ], [ @publication2 ] ]
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    describe 'with an unknown method' do
+      it 'raises an exception' do
+        expect {
+          @articles.unknown
+        }.to raise_error(NoMethodError)
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end