sbf-dm-core 1.3.0.beta

data/spec/semipublic/query_spec.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,3665 @@
+require_relative '../spec_helper'
+
+require 'ostruct'
+
+# TODO: make some of specs for Query.new shared.  the assertions and
+# normalizations should happen for Query#update, Query#relative and
+# Query#merge and should probably be in shared specs
+
+# class methods
+describe DataMapper::Query do
+  before :all do
+    class ::Password < DataMapper::Property::String
+      length    40
+    end
+
+    class ::User
+      include DataMapper::Resource
+
+      property :name,     String,   :key => true
+      property :password, Password
+      property :balance,  Decimal, :precision => 5, :scale => 2
+
+      belongs_to :referrer, self, :required => false
+      has n, :referrals, self, :inverse => :referrer
+    end
+
+    @repository = DataMapper::Repository.new(:default)
+    @model      = User
+
+    @fields       = [ :name ].freeze
+    @links        = [ :referrer ].freeze
+    @conditions   = { :name => 'Dan Kubb' }
+    @offset       = 0
+    @limit        = 1
+    @order        = [ :name ].freeze
+    @unique       = false
+    @add_reversed = false
+    @reload       = false
+
+    @options = {
+      :fields       => @fields,
+      :links        => @links,
+      :conditions   => @conditions,
+      :offset       => @offset,
+      :limit        => @limit,
+      :order        => @order,
+      :unique       => @unique,
+      :add_reversed => @add_reversed,
+      :reload       => @reload,
+    }
+  end
+
+  it { expect(DataMapper::Query).to respond_to(:new) }
+
+  describe '.new' do
+    describe 'with a repository' do
+      describe 'that is valid' do
+        before :all do
+          @return = DataMapper::Query.new(@repository, @model, @options.freeze)
+        end
+
+        it { expect(@return).to be_kind_of(DataMapper::Query) }
+
+        it 'sets the repository' do
+          expect(@return.repository).to eq @repository
+        end
+      end
+
+      describe 'that is invalid' do
+        it 'raises an exception' do
+          expect {
+            DataMapper::Query.new('invalid', @model, @options)
+          }.to raise_error(ArgumentError, '+repository+ should be DataMapper::Repository, but was String')
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    describe 'with a model' do
+      describe 'that is valid' do
+        before :all do
+          @return = DataMapper::Query.new(@repository, @model, @options.freeze)
+        end
+
+        it { expect(@return).to be_kind_of(DataMapper::Query) }
+
+        it 'sets the model' do
+          expect(@return.model).to eq @model
+        end
+      end
+
+      describe 'that is invalid' do
+        it 'raises an exception' do
+          expect {
+            DataMapper::Query.new(@repository, 'invalid', @options)
+          }.to raise_error(ArgumentError, '+model+ should be DataMapper::Model, but was String')
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    describe 'with a fields option' do
+      describe 'that is an Array containing a Symbol' do
+        before :all do
+          @return = DataMapper::Query.new(@repository, @model, @options.freeze)
+        end
+
+        it { expect(@return).to be_kind_of(DataMapper::Query) }
+
+        it 'sets the fields' do
+          expect(@return.fields).to eq @model.properties.values_at(*@fields)
+        end
+      end
+
+      describe 'that is an Array containing a String' do
+        before :all do
+          @options[:fields] = [ 'name' ]
+
+          @return = DataMapper::Query.new(@repository, @model, @options.freeze)
+        end
+
+        it { expect(@return).to be_kind_of(DataMapper::Query) }
+
+        it 'sets the fields' do
+          expect(@return.fields).to eq @model.properties.values_at('name')
+        end
+      end
+
+      describe 'that is an Array containing a Property' do
+        before :all do
+          @options[:fields] = @model.properties.values_at(:name)
+
+          @return = DataMapper::Query.new(@repository, @model, @options.freeze)
+        end
+
+        it { expect(@return).to be_kind_of(DataMapper::Query) }
+
+        it 'sets the fields' do
+          expect(@return.fields).to eq @model.properties.values_at(:name)
+        end
+      end
+
+      describe 'that is an Array containing a Property from an ancestor' do
+        before :all do
+          class ::Contact < User; end
+
+          @options[:fields] = User.properties.values_at(:name)
+
+          @return = DataMapper::Query.new(@repository, Contact, @options.freeze)
+        end
+
+        it { expect(@return).to be_kind_of(DataMapper::Query) }
+
+        it 'sets the fields' do
+          expect(@return.fields).to eq User.properties.values_at(:name)
+        end
+      end
+
+      describe 'that is missing' do
+        before :all do
+          @return = DataMapper::Query.new(@repository, @model, @options.except(:fields).freeze)
+        end
+
+        it { expect(@return).to be_kind_of(DataMapper::Query) }
+
+        it 'sets fields to the model default properties' do
+          expect(@return.fields).to eq @model.properties.defaults
+        end
+      end
+
+      describe 'that is invalid' do
+        it 'raises an exception' do
+          expect {
+            DataMapper::Query.new(@repository, @model, @options.update(:fields => :name))
+          }.to raise_error(StandardError)
+        end
+      end
+
+      describe 'that is an Array containing an unknown Symbol' do
+        it 'raises an exception' do
+          expect {
+            DataMapper::Query.new(@repository, @model, @options.update(:fields => [ :unknown ]))
+          }.to raise_error(ArgumentError, "+options[:fields]+ entry :unknown does not map to a property in #{@model}")
+        end
+      end
+
+      describe 'that is an Array containing an unknown String' do
+        it 'raises an exception' do
+          expect {
+            DataMapper::Query.new(@repository, @model, @options.update(:fields => [ 'unknown' ]))
+          }.to raise_error(ArgumentError, "+options[:fields]+ entry \"unknown\" does not map to a property in #{@model}")
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    describe 'with a links option' do
+      describe 'that is an Array containing a Symbol' do
+        before :all do
+          @return = DataMapper::Query.new(@repository, @model, @options.freeze)
+        end
+
+        it { expect(@return).to be_kind_of(DataMapper::Query) }
+
+        it 'sets the links' do
+          expect(@return.links).to eq @model.relationships.values_at(*@links)
+        end
+      end
+
+      describe 'that is an Array containing a String' do
+        before :all do
+          @options[:links] = [ 'referrer' ]
+
+          @return = DataMapper::Query.new(@repository, @model, @options.freeze)
+        end
+
+        it { expect(@return).to be_kind_of(DataMapper::Query) }
+
+        it 'sets the links' do
+          expect(@return.links).to eq @model.relationships.values_at('referrer')
+        end
+      end
+
+      describe 'that is an Array containing a Relationship' do
+        before :all do
+          @options[:links] = @model.relationships.values_at(:referrer)
+
+          @return = DataMapper::Query.new(@repository, @model, @options.freeze)
+        end
+
+        it { expect(@return).to be_kind_of(DataMapper::Query) }
+
+        it 'sets the links' do
+          expect(@return.links).to eq @model.relationships.values_at(:referrer)
+        end
+      end
+
+      describe 'that is missing' do
+        before :all do
+          @return = DataMapper::Query.new(@repository, @model, @options.except(:links).freeze)
+        end
+
+        it { expect(@return).to be_kind_of(DataMapper::Query) }
+
+        it 'sets links to an empty Array' do
+          expect(@return.links).to eq []
+        end
+      end
+
+      describe 'that is invalid' do
+        it 'raises an exception' do
+          expect {
+            DataMapper::Query.new(@repository, @model, @options.update(:links => :referral))
+          }.to raise_error(StandardError)
+        end
+      end
+
+      describe 'that is an empty Array' do
+        it 'raises an exception' do
+          expect {
+            DataMapper::Query.new(@repository, @model, @options.update(:links => []))
+          }.to raise_error(ArgumentError, '+options[:links]+ should not be empty')
+        end
+      end
+
+      describe 'that is an Array containing an unknown Symbol' do
+        it 'raises an exception' do
+          expect {
+            DataMapper::Query.new(@repository, @model, @options.update(:links => [ :unknown ]))
+          }.to raise_error(ArgumentError, "+options[:links]+ entry :unknown does not map to a relationship in #{@model}")
+        end
+      end
+
+      describe 'that is an Array containing an unknown String' do
+        it 'raises an exception' do
+          expect {
+            DataMapper::Query.new(@repository, @model, @options.update(:links => [ 'unknown' ]))
+          }.to raise_error(ArgumentError, "+options[:links]+ entry \"unknown\" does not map to a relationship in #{@model}")
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    describe 'with a conditions option' do
+      describe 'that is a valid Hash' do
+        describe 'with the Property key' do
+          before :all do
+            @options[:conditions] = { @model.properties[:name] => 'Dan Kubb' }
+            @return = DataMapper::Query.new(@repository, @model, @options.freeze)
+          end
+
+          it { expect(@return).to be_kind_of(DataMapper::Query) }
+
+          it 'sets the conditions' do
+            expect(@return.conditions).to eq
+              DataMapper::Query::Conditions::Operation.new(
+                :and,
+                DataMapper::Query::Conditions::Comparison.new(
+                  :eql,
+                  @model.properties[:name],
+                  'Dan Kubb'
+                )
+              )
+          end
+
+          it 'is valid' do
+            expect(@return).to be_valid
+          end
+        end
+
+        describe 'with the Symbol key mapping to a Property' do
+          before :all do
+            @return = DataMapper::Query.new(@repository, @model, @options.freeze)
+          end
+
+          it { expect(@return).to be_kind_of(DataMapper::Query) }
+
+          it 'sets the conditions' do
+            expect(@return.conditions).to eq
+              DataMapper::Query::Conditions::Operation.new(
+                :and,
+                DataMapper::Query::Conditions::Comparison.new(
+                  :eql,
+                  @model.properties[:name],
+                  'Dan Kubb'
+                )
+              )
+          end
+
+          it 'is valid' do
+            expect(@return).to be_valid
+          end
+        end
+
+        describe 'with the String key mapping to a Property' do
+          before :all do
+            @options[:conditions] = { 'name' => 'Dan Kubb' }
+            @return = DataMapper::Query.new(@repository, @model, @options.freeze)
+          end
+
+          it { expect(@return).to be_kind_of(DataMapper::Query) }
+
+          it 'sets the conditions' do
+            expect(@return.conditions).to eq
+              DataMapper::Query::Conditions::Operation.new(
+                :and,
+                DataMapper::Query::Conditions::Comparison.new(
+                  :eql,
+                  @model.properties[:name],
+                  'Dan Kubb'
+                )
+              )
+          end
+
+          it 'is valid' do
+            expect(@return).to be_valid
+          end
+        end
+
+        supported_by :all do
+          describe 'with the Symbol key mapping to a Relationship' do
+            before :all do
+              @user = @model.create(:name => 'Dan Kubb')
+
+              @options[:conditions] = { :referrer => @user }
+
+              @return = DataMapper::Query.new(@repository, @model, @options.freeze)
+            end
+
+            it { expect(@return).to be_kind_of(DataMapper::Query) }
+
+            it 'sets the conditions' do
+              expect(@return.conditions).to eq
+                DataMapper::Query::Conditions::Operation.new(
+                  :and,
+                  DataMapper::Query::Conditions::Comparison.new(
+                    :eql,
+                    @model.relationships[:referrer],
+                    @user
+                  )
+                )
+            end
+
+            it 'is valid' do
+              expect(@return).to be_valid
+            end
+          end
+
+          describe 'with the String key mapping to a Relationship' do
+            before :all do
+              @user = @model.create(:name => 'Dan Kubb')
+
+              @options[:conditions] = { 'referrer' => @user }
+
+              @return = DataMapper::Query.new(@repository, @model, @options.freeze)
+            end
+
+            it { expect(@return).to be_kind_of(DataMapper::Query) }
+
+            it 'sets the conditions' do
+              expect(@return.conditions).to eq
+                DataMapper::Query::Conditions::Operation.new(
+                  :and,
+                  DataMapper::Query::Conditions::Comparison.new(
+                    :eql,
+                    @model.relationships['referrer'],
+                    @user
+                  )
+                )
+            end
+
+            it 'is valid' do
+              expect(@return).to be_valid
+            end
+          end
+
+          describe 'with the Symbol key mapping to a Relationship and a nil value' do
+            before :all do
+              @options[:conditions] = { :referrer => nil }
+
+              @return = DataMapper::Query.new(@repository, @model, @options.freeze)
+            end
+
+            it { expect(@return).to be_kind_of(DataMapper::Query) }
+
+            it 'sets the conditions' do
+              expect(@return.conditions).to eq
+                DataMapper::Query::Conditions::Operation.new(
+                  :and,
+                  DataMapper::Query::Conditions::Comparison.new(
+                    :eql,
+                    @model.relationships[:referrer],
+                    nil
+                  )
+                )
+            end
+
+            it 'is valid' do
+              expect(@return).to be_valid
+            end
+          end
+
+          describe 'with the Symbol key mapping to a Relationship and an empty Array' do
+            before :all do
+              @options[:conditions] = { :referrer => [] }
+
+              @return = DataMapper::Query.new(@repository, @model, @options.freeze)
+            end
+
+            it { expect(@return).to be_kind_of(DataMapper::Query) }
+
+            it 'sets the conditions' do
+              expect(@return.conditions).to eq
+                DataMapper::Query::Conditions::Operation.new(
+                  :and,
+                  DataMapper::Query::Conditions::Comparison.new(
+                    :in,
+                    @model.relationships[:referrer],
+                    []
+                  )
+                )
+            end
+
+            it 'is invalid' do
+              expect(@return).not_to be_valid
+            end
+          end
+        end
+
+        describe 'with the Query::Operator key' do
+          before :all do
+            @options[:conditions] = { :name.gte => 'Dan Kubb' }
+            @return = DataMapper::Query.new(@repository, @model, @options.freeze)
+          end
+
+          it { expect(@return).to be_kind_of(DataMapper::Query) }
+
+          it 'sets the conditions' do
+            expect(@return.conditions).to eq
+              DataMapper::Query::Conditions::Operation.new(
+                :and,
+                DataMapper::Query::Conditions::Comparison.new(
+                  :gte,
+                  @model.properties[:name],
+                  'Dan Kubb'
+                )
+              )
+          end
+
+          it 'is valid' do
+            expect(@return).to be_valid
+          end
+        end
+
+        describe 'with the Query::Path key' do
+          before :all do
+            @options[:conditions] = { @model.referrer.name => 'Dan Kubb' }
+            @return = DataMapper::Query.new(@repository, @model, @options.freeze)
+          end
+
+          it { expect(@return).to be_kind_of(DataMapper::Query) }
+
+          xit 'does not set the conditions' do
+            expect(@return.conditions).to be_nil
+          end
+
+          it 'sets the links' do
+            expect(@return.links).to eq [ @model.relationships[:referrals], @model.relationships[:referrer] ]
+          end
+
+          it 'is valid' do
+            expect(@return).to be_valid
+          end
+        end
+
+        describe 'with the String key mapping to a Query::Path' do
+          before :all do
+            @options[:conditions] = { 'referrer.name' => 'Dan Kubb' }
+            @return = DataMapper::Query.new(@repository, @model, @options.freeze)
+          end
+
+          it { expect(@return).to be_kind_of(DataMapper::Query) }
+
+          xit 'does not set the conditions' do
+            expect(@return.conditions).to be_nil
+          end
+
+          it 'sets the links' do
+            expect(@return.links).to eq [ @model.relationships[:referrals], @model.relationships[:referrer] ]
+          end
+
+          it 'is valid' do
+            expect(@return).to be_valid
+          end
+        end
+
+        describe 'with an Array with 1 entry' do
+          before :all do
+            @options[:conditions] = { :name => [ 'Dan Kubb' ] }
+            @return = DataMapper::Query.new(@repository, @model, @options.freeze)
+          end
+
+          it { expect(@return).to be_kind_of(DataMapper::Query) }
+
+          xit 'sets the conditions' do
+            expect(@return.conditions).to eq
+              DataMapper::Query::Conditions::Operation.new(
+                :and,
+                DataMapper::Query::Conditions::Comparison.new(
+                  :eql,
+                  @model.properties[:name],
+                  'Dan Kubb'
+                )
+              )
+          end
+
+          it 'is valid' do
+            expect(@return).to be_valid
+          end
+        end
+
+        describe 'with an Array with no entries' do
+          before :all do
+            @options[:conditions] = { :name => [] }
+            @return = DataMapper::Query.new(@repository, @model, @options.freeze)
+          end
+
+          it { expect(@return).to be_kind_of(DataMapper::Query) }
+
+          xit 'sets the conditions' do
+            expect(@return.conditions).to eq
+              DataMapper::Query::Conditions::Operation.new(
+                :and,
+                DataMapper::Query::Conditions::Comparison.new(
+                  :eql,
+                  @model.properties[:name],
+                  'Dan Kubb'
+                )
+              )
+          end
+
+          it 'is not valid' do
+            expect(@return).not_to be_valid
+          end
+        end
+
+        describe 'with an Array with duplicate entries' do
+          before :all do
+            @options[:conditions] = { :name => [ 'John Doe', 'Dan Kubb', 'John Doe' ] }
+            @return = DataMapper::Query.new(@repository, @model, @options.freeze)
+          end
+
+          it { expect(@return).to be_kind_of(DataMapper::Query) }
+
+          it 'sets the conditions' do
+            expect(@return.conditions).to eq
+              DataMapper::Query::Conditions::Operation.new(
+                :and,
+                DataMapper::Query::Conditions::Comparison.new(
+                  :in,
+                  @model.properties[:name],
+                  [ 'John Doe', 'Dan Kubb' ]
+                )
+              )
+          end
+
+          it 'is valid' do
+            expect(@return).to be_valid
+          end
+        end
+
+        describe 'with a Property subclass' do
+          before :all do
+            @options[:conditions] = { :password => 'password' }
+            @return = DataMapper::Query.new(@repository, @model, @options.freeze)
+          end
+
+          it { expect(@return).to be_kind_of(DataMapper::Query) }
+
+          it 'sets the conditions' do
+            expect(@return.conditions).to eq
+              DataMapper::Query::Conditions::Operation.new(
+                :and,
+                DataMapper::Query::Conditions::Comparison.new(
+                  :eql,
+                  @model.properties[:password],
+                  'password'
+                )
+              )
+          end
+
+          it 'is valid' do
+            expect(@return).to be_valid
+          end
+        end
+
+        describe 'with a Symbol for a String property' do
+          before :all do
+            @options[:conditions] = { :name => 'Dan Kubb'.to_sym }
+            @return = DataMapper::Query.new(@repository, @model, @options.freeze)
+          end
+
+          it { expect(@return).to be_kind_of(DataMapper::Query) }
+
+          it 'sets the conditions' do
+            expect(@return.conditions).to eq
+              DataMapper::Query::Conditions::Operation.new(
+                :and,
+                DataMapper::Query::Conditions::Comparison.new(
+                  :eql,
+                  @model.properties[:name],
+                  'Dan Kubb'  # typecast value
+                )
+              )
+          end
+
+          it 'is valid' do
+            expect(@return).to be_valid
+          end
+        end
+
+        describe 'with a Float for a Decimal property' do
+          before :all do
+            @options[:conditions] = { :balance => 50.5 }
+            @return = DataMapper::Query.new(@repository, @model, @options.freeze)
+          end
+
+          it { expect(@return).to be_kind_of(DataMapper::Query) }
+
+          it 'sets the conditions' do
+            expect(@return.conditions).to eq
+              DataMapper::Query::Conditions::Operation.new(
+                :and,
+                DataMapper::Query::Conditions::Comparison.new(
+                  :eql,
+                  @model.properties[:balance],
+                  BigDecimal('50.5')  # typecast value
+                )
+              )
+          end
+
+          it 'is valid' do
+            expect(@return).to be_valid
+          end
+        end
+      end
+
+      describe 'that is a valid Array' do
+        before :all do
+          @options[:conditions] = [ 'name = ?', 'Dan Kubb' ]
+
+          @return = DataMapper::Query.new(@repository, @model, @options.freeze)
+        end
+
+        it { expect(@return).to be_kind_of(DataMapper::Query) }
+
+        it 'sets the conditions' do
+          expect(@return.conditions).to eq DataMapper::Query::Conditions::Operation.new(:and, [ 'name = ?', [ 'Dan Kubb' ] ])
+        end
+
+        it 'is valid' do
+          expect(@return).to be_valid
+        end
+      end
+
+      describe 'that is missing' do
+        before :all do
+          @return = DataMapper::Query.new(@repository, @model, @options.except(:conditions).freeze)
+        end
+
+        it { expect(@return).to be_kind_of(DataMapper::Query) }
+
+        it 'sets conditions to nil by default' do
+          expect(@return.conditions).to be_nil
+        end
+
+        it 'is valid' do
+          expect(@return).to be_valid
+        end
+      end
+
+      describe 'that is an empty Array' do
+        it 'raises an exception' do
+          expect {
+            DataMapper::Query.new(@repository, @model, @options.update(:conditions => []))
+          }.to raise_error(ArgumentError, '+options[:conditions]+ should not be empty')
+        end
+      end
+
+      describe 'that is an Array with a blank statement' do
+        it 'raises an exception' do
+          expect {
+            DataMapper::Query.new(@repository, @model, @options.update(:conditions => [ ' ' ]))
+          }.to raise_error(ArgumentError, '+options[:conditions]+ should have a statement for the first entry')
+        end
+      end
+
+      describe 'that is a Hash with a Symbol key that is not for a Property in the model' do
+        it 'raises an exception' do
+          expect {
+            DataMapper::Query.new(@repository, @model, @options.update(:conditions => { :unknown => 1 }))
+          }.to raise_error(ArgumentError, "condition :unknown does not map to a property or relationship in #{@model}")
+        end
+      end
+
+      describe 'that is a Hash with a String key that is not for a Property in the model' do
+        it 'raises an exception' do
+          expect {
+            DataMapper::Query.new(@repository, @model, @options.update(:conditions => { 'unknown' => 1 }))
+          }.to raise_error(ArgumentError, "condition \"unknown\" does not map to a property or relationship in #{@model}")
+        end
+      end
+
+      describe 'that is a Hash with a String key that is a Path and not for a Relationship in the model' do
+        it 'raises an exception' do
+          expect {
+            DataMapper::Query.new(@repository, @model, @options.update(:conditions => { 'unknown.id' => 1 }))
+          }.to raise_error(ArgumentError, "condition \"unknown.id\" does not map to a property or relationship in #{@model}")
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    describe 'with an offset option' do
+      describe 'that is valid' do
+        before :all do
+          @return = DataMapper::Query.new(@repository, @model, @options.freeze)
+        end
+
+        it { expect(@return).to be_kind_of(DataMapper::Query) }
+
+        it 'sets the offset' do
+          expect(@return.offset).to eq @offset
+        end
+      end
+
+      describe 'that is missing' do
+        before :all do
+          @return = DataMapper::Query.new(@repository, @model, @options.except(:offset).freeze)
+        end
+
+        it { expect(@return).to be_kind_of(DataMapper::Query) }
+
+        it 'sets offset to 0' do
+          expect(@return.offset).to eq 0
+        end
+      end
+
+      describe 'that is invalid' do
+        it 'raises an exception' do
+          expect {
+            DataMapper::Query.new(@repository, @model, @options.update(:offset => '0'))
+          }.to raise_error(StandardError)
+        end
+      end
+
+      describe 'that is less than 0' do
+        it 'raises an exception' do
+          expect {
+            DataMapper::Query.new(@repository, @model, @options.update(:offset => -1))
+          }.to raise_error(ArgumentError, '+options[:offset]+ must be greater than or equal to 0, but was -1')
+        end
+      end
+
+      describe 'that is greater than 0 and a nil limit' do
+        it 'raises an exception' do
+          expect {
+            DataMapper::Query.new(@repository, @model, @options.except(:limit).update(:offset => 1))
+          }.to raise_error(ArgumentError, '+options[:offset]+ cannot be greater than 0 if limit is not specified')
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    describe 'with a limit option' do
+      describe 'that is valid' do
+        before :all do
+          @return = DataMapper::Query.new(@repository, @model, @options.freeze)
+        end
+
+        it { expect(@return).to be_kind_of(DataMapper::Query) }
+
+        it 'sets the limit' do
+          expect(@return.limit).to eq @limit
+        end
+      end
+
+      describe 'that is missing' do
+        before :all do
+          @return = DataMapper::Query.new(@repository, @model, @options.except(:limit).freeze)
+        end
+
+        it { expect(@return).to be_kind_of(DataMapper::Query) }
+
+        it 'sets limit to nil' do
+          expect(@return.limit).to be_nil
+        end
+      end
+
+      describe 'that is invalid' do
+        it 'raises an exception' do
+          expect {
+            DataMapper::Query.new(@repository, @model, @options.update(:limit => '1'))
+          }.to raise_error(StandardError)
+        end
+      end
+
+      describe 'that is less than 0' do
+        it 'raises an exception' do
+          expect {
+            DataMapper::Query.new(@repository, @model, @options.update(:limit => -1))
+          }.to raise_error(ArgumentError, '+options[:limit]+ must be greater than or equal to 0, but was -1')
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    describe 'with an order option' do
+      describe 'that is a single Symbol' do
+        before :all do
+          @options[:order] = :name
+          @return = DataMapper::Query.new(@repository, @model, @options.freeze)
+        end
+
+        it { expect(@return).to be_kind_of(DataMapper::Query) }
+
+        it 'sets the order' do
+          expect(@return.order).to eq [ DataMapper::Query::Direction.new(@model.properties[:name]) ]
+        end
+      end
+
+      describe 'that is a single String' do
+        before :all do
+          @options[:order] = 'name'
+          @return = DataMapper::Query.new(@repository, @model, @options.freeze)
+        end
+
+        it { expect(@return).to be_kind_of(DataMapper::Query) }
+
+        it 'sets the order' do
+          expect(@return.order).to eq [ DataMapper::Query::Direction.new(@model.properties[:name]) ]
+        end
+      end
+
+      describe 'that is a single Property' do
+        before :all do
+          @options[:order] = @model.properties.values_at(:name)
+          @return = DataMapper::Query.new(@repository, @model, @options.freeze)
+        end
+
+        it { expect(@return).to be_kind_of(DataMapper::Query) }
+
+        it 'sets the order' do
+          expect(@return.order).to eq [ DataMapper::Query::Direction.new(@model.properties[:name]) ]
+        end
+      end
+
+      describe 'that contains a Query::Direction with a property that is not part of the model' do
+        before :all do
+          @property = DataMapper::Property::String.new(@model, :unknown)
+          @direction = DataMapper::Query::Direction.new(@property, :desc)
+          @return = DataMapper::Query.new(@repository, @model, @options.update(:order => [ @direction ]))
+        end
+
+        it 'sets the order, since it may map to a joined model' do
+          expect(@return.order).to eq [ @direction ]
+        end
+      end
+
+      describe 'that contains a Property that is not part of the model' do
+        before :all do
+          @property = DataMapper::Property::String.new(@model, :unknown)
+          @return = DataMapper::Query.new(@repository, @model, @options.update(:order => [ @property ]))
+        end
+
+        it 'sets the order, since it may map to a joined model' do
+          expect(@return.order).to eq [ DataMapper::Query::Direction.new(@property) ]
+        end
+      end
+
+      describe 'that contains a Query::Path to a property on a linked model' do
+        before :all do
+          @property = @model.referrer.name
+          @return = DataMapper::Query.new(@repository, @model, @options.update(:order => [ @property ]))
+        end
+
+        it 'sets the order' do
+          expect(@return.order).to eq [ DataMapper::Query::Direction.new(@model.properties[:name]) ]
+        end
+      end
+
+      describe 'that is an Array containing a Symbol' do
+        before :all do
+          @return = DataMapper::Query.new(@repository, @model, @options.freeze)
+        end
+
+        it { expect(@return).to be_kind_of(DataMapper::Query) }
+
+        it 'sets the order' do
+          expect(@return.order).to eq [ DataMapper::Query::Direction.new(@model.properties[:name]) ]
+        end
+      end
+
+      describe 'that is an Array containing a String' do
+        before :all do
+          @options[:order] = [ 'name' ]
+
+          @return = DataMapper::Query.new(@repository, @model, @options.freeze)
+        end
+
+        it { expect(@return).to be_kind_of(DataMapper::Query) }
+
+        it 'sets the order' do
+          expect(@return.order).to eq [ DataMapper::Query::Direction.new(@model.properties[:name]) ]
+        end
+      end
+
+      describe 'that is an Array containing a Property' do
+        before :all do
+          @options[:order] = @model.properties.values_at(:name)
+
+          @return = DataMapper::Query.new(@repository, @model, @options.freeze)
+        end
+
+        it { expect(@return).to be_kind_of(DataMapper::Query) }
+
+        it 'sets the order' do
+          expect(@return.order).to eq [ DataMapper::Query::Direction.new(@model.properties[:name]) ]
+        end
+      end
+
+      describe 'that is an Array containing a Property from an ancestor' do
+        before :all do
+          class ::Contact < User; end
+
+          @options[:order] = User.properties.values_at(:name)
+
+          @return = DataMapper::Query.new(@repository, Contact, @options.freeze)
+        end
+
+        it { expect(@return).to be_kind_of(DataMapper::Query) }
+
+        it 'sets the order' do
+          expect(@return.order).to eq [ DataMapper::Query::Direction.new(User.properties[:name]) ]
+        end
+      end
+
+      describe 'that is an Array containing an Operator' do
+        before :all do
+          @options[:order] = [ :name.asc ]
+
+          @return = DataMapper::Query.new(@repository, @model, @options.freeze)
+        end
+
+        it { expect(@return).to be_kind_of(DataMapper::Query) }
+
+        it 'sets the order' do
+          expect(@return.order).to eq [ DataMapper::Query::Direction.new(@model.properties[:name], :asc) ]
+        end
+      end
+
+      describe 'that is an Array containing an Query::Direction' do
+        before :all do
+          @options[:order] = [ DataMapper::Query::Direction.new(@model.properties[:name], :asc) ]
+
+          @return = DataMapper::Query.new(@repository, @model, @options.freeze)
+        end
+
+        it { expect(@return).to be_kind_of(DataMapper::Query) }
+
+        it 'sets the order' do
+          expect(@return.order).to eq [ DataMapper::Query::Direction.new(@model.properties[:name], :asc) ]
+        end
+      end
+
+      describe 'that is an Array containing an Query::Direction with a Property from an ancestor' do
+        before :all do
+          class ::Contact < User; end
+
+          @options[:order] = [ DataMapper::Query::Direction.new(User.properties[:name], :asc) ]
+
+          @return = DataMapper::Query.new(@repository, Contact, @options.freeze)
+        end
+
+        it { expect(@return).to be_kind_of(DataMapper::Query) }
+
+        it 'sets the order' do
+          expect(@return.order).to eq [ DataMapper::Query::Direction.new(User.properties[:name], :asc) ]
+        end
+      end
+
+      describe 'that is missing' do
+        before :all do
+          @return = DataMapper::Query.new(@repository, @model, @options.except(:order).freeze)
+        end
+
+        it { expect(@return).to be_kind_of(DataMapper::Query) }
+
+        it 'sets order to the model default order' do
+          expect(@return.order).to eq @model.default_order(@repository.name)
+        end
+      end
+
+      describe 'that is invalid' do
+        it 'raises an exception' do
+          expect {
+            DataMapper::Query.new(@repository, @model, @options.update(:order => 'unknown'))
+          }.to raise_error(ArgumentError, "+options[:order]+ entry \"unknown\" does not map to a property in #{@model}")
+        end
+      end
+
+      describe 'that is an Array containing an unknown String' do
+        it 'raises an exception' do
+          expect {
+            DataMapper::Query.new(@repository, @model, @options.update(:order => [ 'unknown' ]))
+          }.to raise_error(ArgumentError, "+options[:order]+ entry \"unknown\" does not map to a property in #{@model}")
+        end
+      end
+
+      describe 'that contains a Symbol that is not for a Property in the model' do
+        it 'raises an exception' do
+          expect {
+            DataMapper::Query.new(@repository, @model, @options.update(:order => [ :unknown ]))
+          }.to raise_error(ArgumentError, "+options[:order]+ entry :unknown does not map to a property in #{@model}")
+        end
+      end
+
+      describe 'that contains a String that is not for a Property in the model' do
+        it 'raises an exception' do
+          expect {
+            DataMapper::Query.new(@repository, @model, @options.update(:order => [ 'unknown' ]))
+          }.to raise_error(ArgumentError, "+options[:order]+ entry \"unknown\" does not map to a property in #{@model}")
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    describe 'with a unique option' do
+      describe 'that is valid' do
+        before :all do
+          @return = DataMapper::Query.new(@repository, @model, @options.freeze)
+        end
+
+        it { expect(@return).to be_kind_of(DataMapper::Query) }
+
+        it 'sets the unique? flag' do
+          expect(@return.unique?).to eq @unique
+        end
+      end
+
+      describe 'that is missing' do
+        before :all do
+          @return = DataMapper::Query.new(@repository, @model, @options.except(:unique, :links).freeze)
+        end
+
+        it { expect(@return).to be_kind_of(DataMapper::Query) }
+
+        it 'sets the query to not be unique' do
+          expect(@return).not_to be_unique
+        end
+      end
+
+      describe 'that is invalid' do
+        it 'raises an exception' do
+          expect {
+            DataMapper::Query.new(@repository, @model, @options.update(:unique => nil))
+          }.to raise_error(ArgumentError, '+options[:unique]+ should be true or false, but was nil')
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    describe 'with an add_reversed option' do
+      describe 'that is valid' do
+        before :all do
+          @return = DataMapper::Query.new(@repository, @model, @options.freeze)
+        end
+
+        it { expect(@return).to be_kind_of(DataMapper::Query) }
+
+        it 'sets the add_reversed? flag' do
+          expect(@return.add_reversed?).to eq @add_reversed
+        end
+      end
+
+      describe 'that is missing' do
+        before :all do
+          @return = DataMapper::Query.new(@repository, @model, @options.except(:add_reversed).freeze)
+        end
+
+        it { expect(@return).to be_kind_of(DataMapper::Query) }
+
+        it 'sets the query to not add in reverse order' do
+          # TODO: think about renaming the flag to not sound 'clumsy'
+          expect(@return).not_to be_add_reversed
+        end
+      end
+
+      describe 'that is invalid' do
+        it 'raises an exception' do
+          expect {
+            DataMapper::Query.new(@repository, @model, @options.update(:add_reversed => nil))
+          }.to raise_error(ArgumentError, '+options[:add_reversed]+ should be true or false, but was nil')
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    describe 'with a reload option' do
+      describe 'that is valid' do
+        before :all do
+          @return = DataMapper::Query.new(@repository, @model, @options.freeze)
+        end
+
+        it { expect(@return).to be_kind_of(DataMapper::Query) }
+
+        it 'sets the reload? flag' do
+          expect(@return.reload?).to eq @reload
+        end
+      end
+
+      describe 'that is missing' do
+        before :all do
+          @return = DataMapper::Query.new(@repository, @model, @options.except(:reload).freeze)
+        end
+
+        it { expect(@return).to be_kind_of(DataMapper::Query) }
+
+        it 'sets the query to not reload' do
+          expect(@return).not_to be_reload
+        end
+      end
+
+      describe 'that is invalid' do
+        it 'raises an exception' do
+          expect {
+            DataMapper::Query.new(@repository, @model, @options.update(:reload => nil))
+          }.to raise_error(ArgumentError, '+options[:reload]+ should be true or false, but was nil')
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    describe 'with options' do
+      describe 'that are unknown' do
+        before :all do
+          @options.update(@options.delete(:conditions))
+
+          @return = DataMapper::Query.new(@repository, @model, @options.freeze)
+        end
+
+        it { expect(@return).to be_kind_of(DataMapper::Query) }
+
+        it 'sets the conditions' do
+          expect(@return.conditions).to eq
+            DataMapper::Query::Conditions::Operation.new(
+              :and,
+              DataMapper::Query::Conditions::Comparison.new(
+                :eql,
+                @model.properties[:name],
+                @conditions[:name]
+              )
+            )
+        end
+      end
+
+      describe 'that are invalid' do
+        it 'raises an exception' do
+          expect {
+            DataMapper::Query.new(@repository, @model, 'invalid')
+          }.to raise_error(StandardError)
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    describe 'with no options' do
+      before :all do
+        @return = DataMapper::Query.new(@repository, @model)
+      end
+
+      it { expect(@return).to be_kind_of(DataMapper::Query) }
+
+      it 'sets options to an empty Hash' do
+        expect(@return.options).to eq {}
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end
+
+# instance methods
+describe DataMapper::Query do
+  before :all do
+    class ::User
+      include DataMapper::Resource
+
+      property :name,        String, :key => true
+      property :citizenship, String
+
+      belongs_to :referrer, self, :required => false
+      has n, :referrals,    self, :inverse => :referrer
+      has n, :grandparents, self, :through => :referrals, :via => :referrer
+    end
+
+    class ::Other
+      include DataMapper::Resource
+
+      property :id, Serial
+    end
+
+    # finalize the models
+    DataMapper.finalize
+
+    @repository = DataMapper::Repository.new(:default)
+    @model      = User
+    @options    = { :limit => 3 }
+    @query      = DataMapper::Query.new(@repository, @model, @options)
+    @original   = @query
+  end
+
+  before :all do
+    @other_options = {
+      :fields       => [ @model.properties[:name] ].freeze,
+      :links        => [ @model.relationships[:referrer] ].freeze,
+      :conditions   => [ 'name = ?', 'Dan Kubb' ].freeze,
+      :offset       => 1,
+      :limit        => 2,
+      :order        => [ DataMapper::Query::Direction.new(@model.properties[:name], :desc) ].freeze,
+      :unique       => true,
+      :add_reversed => true,
+      :reload       => true,
+    }
+  end
+
+  subject { @query }
+
+  it { is_expected.to respond_to(:==) }
+
+  describe '#==' do
+    describe 'when other is equal' do
+      before :all do
+        @return = @query == @query
+      end
+
+      it { expect(@return).to be(true) }
+    end
+
+    describe 'when other is equivalent' do
+      before :all do
+        @return = @query == @query.dup
+      end
+
+      it { expect(@return).to be(true) }
+    end
+
+    DataMapper::Query::OPTIONS.each do |name|
+      describe "when other has an inequalvalent #{name}" do
+        before :all do
+          @return = @query == @query.merge(name => @other_options[name])
+        end
+
+        it { expect(@return).to be(false) }
+      end
+    end
+
+    describe 'when other is a different type of object that can be compared, and is equivalent' do
+      before :all do
+        @other = OpenStruct.new(
+          :repository    => @query.repository,
+          :model         => @query.model,
+          :sorted_fields => @query.sorted_fields,
+          :links         => @query.links,
+          :conditions    => @query.conditions,
+          :order         => @query.order,
+          :limit         => @query.limit,
+          :offset        => @query.offset,
+          :reload?       => @query.reload?,
+          :unique?       => @query.unique?,
+          :add_reversed? => @query.add_reversed?
+        )
+
+        @return = @query == @other
+      end
+
+      it { expect(@return).to be(false) }
+    end
+
+    describe 'when other is a different type of object that can be compared, and is not equivalent' do
+      before :all do
+        @other = OpenStruct.new(
+          :repository    => @query.repository,
+          :model         => @query.model,
+          :sorted_fields => @query.sorted_fields,
+          :links         => @query.links,
+          :conditions    => @query.conditions,
+          :order         => @query.order,
+          :limit         => @query.limit,
+          :offset        => @query.offset,
+          :reload?       => true,
+          :unique?       => @query.unique?,
+          :add_reversed? => @query.add_reversed?
+        )
+
+        @return = @query == @other
+      end
+
+      it { expect(@return).to be(false) }
+    end
+
+    describe 'when other is a different type of object that cannot be compared' do
+      before :all do
+        @return = @query == 'invalid'
+      end
+
+      it { expect(@return).to be(false) }
+    end
+  end
+
+  it { is_expected.to respond_to(:conditions) }
+
+  describe '#conditions' do
+    before :all do
+      @query.update(:name => 'Dan Kubb')
+
+      @return = @query.conditions
+    end
+
+    it { expect(@return).to be_kind_of(DataMapper::Query::Conditions::AndOperation) }
+
+    it 'returns expected value' do
+      expect(@return).to eq
+        DataMapper::Query::Conditions::Operation.new(
+          :and,
+          DataMapper::Query::Conditions::Comparison.new(
+            :eql,
+            @model.properties[:name],
+            'Dan Kubb'
+          )
+        )
+    end
+  end
+
+  [ :difference, :- ].each do |method|
+    it { is_expected.to respond_to(method) }
+
+    describe "##{method}" do
+      supported_by :all do
+        before :all do
+          @key = @model.key(@repository.name)
+
+          @self_relationship = DataMapper::Associations::OneToMany::Relationship.new(
+            :self,
+            @model,
+            @model,
+            {
+              :child_key              => @key.map { |p| p.name },
+              :parent_key             => @key.map { |p| p.name },
+              :child_repository_name  => @repository.name,
+              :parent_repository_name => @repository.name,
+            }
+          )
+
+          10.times do |n|
+            @model.create(:name => "#{@model} #{n}")
+          end
+        end
+
+        subject { @query.send(method, @other) }
+
+        describe 'with other matching everything' do
+          before do
+            @query = DataMapper::Query.new(@repository, @model, :name => 'Dan Kubb')
+            @other = DataMapper::Query.new(@repository, @model)
+
+            @expected = DataMapper::Query::Conditions::Comparison.new(:eql, @model.properties[:name], 'Dan Kubb')
+          end
+
+          it { is_expected.to be_kind_of(DataMapper::Query) }
+
+          it { is_expected.not_to equal(@query) }
+
+          it { is_expected.not_to equal(@other) }
+
+          it 'factors out the operation matching everything' do
+            expect(subject.conditions).to eq @expected
+          end
+        end
+
+        describe 'with self matching everything' do
+          before do
+            @query = DataMapper::Query.new(@repository, @model)
+            @other = DataMapper::Query.new(@repository, @model, :name => 'Dan Kubb')
+
+            @expected = DataMapper::Query::Conditions::Operation.new(:not,
+              DataMapper::Query::Conditions::Comparison.new(:eql, @model.properties[:name], 'Dan Kubb')
+            )
+          end
+
+          it { is_expected.to be_kind_of(DataMapper::Query) }
+
+          it { is_expected.not_to equal(@query) }
+
+          it { is_expected.not_to equal(@other) }
+
+          it 'factors out the operation matching everything, and negate the other' do
+            expect(subject.conditions).to eq @expected
+          end
+        end
+
+        describe 'with self having a limit' do
+          before do
+            @query = DataMapper::Query.new(@repository, @model, :limit => 5)
+            @other = DataMapper::Query.new(@repository, @model, :name => 'Dan Kubb')
+
+            @expected = DataMapper::Query::Conditions::Operation.new(:and,
+              DataMapper::Query::Conditions::Comparison.new(:in, @self_relationship, @model.all(@query.merge(:fields => @key))),
+              DataMapper::Query::Conditions::Operation.new(:not,
+                DataMapper::Query::Conditions::Comparison.new(:eql, @model.properties[:name], 'Dan Kubb')
+              )
+            )
+          end
+
+          it { is_expected.not_to equal(@query) }
+
+          it { is_expected.not_to equal(@other) }
+
+          it 'puts each query into a subquery and AND them together, and negate the other' do
+            expect(subject.conditions).to eq @expected
+          end
+        end
+
+        describe 'with other having a limit' do
+          before do
+            @query = DataMapper::Query.new(@repository, @model, :name => 'Dan Kubb')
+            @other = DataMapper::Query.new(@repository, @model, :limit => 5)
+
+            @expected = DataMapper::Query::Conditions::Operation.new(:and,
+              DataMapper::Query::Conditions::Comparison.new(:eql, @model.properties[:name], 'Dan Kubb'),
+              DataMapper::Query::Conditions::Operation.new(:not,
+                DataMapper::Query::Conditions::Comparison.new(:in, @self_relationship, @model.all(@other.merge(:fields => @key)))
+              )
+            )
+          end
+
+          it { is_expected.not_to equal(@query) }
+
+          it { is_expected.not_to equal(@other) }
+
+          it 'puts each query into a subquery and AND them together, and negate the other' do
+            expect(subject.conditions).to eq @expected
+          end
+        end
+
+        describe 'with self having an offset > 0' do
+          before do
+            @query = DataMapper::Query.new(@repository, @model, :offset => 5, :limit => 5)
+            @other = DataMapper::Query.new(@repository, @model, :name => 'Dan Kubb')
+
+            @expected = DataMapper::Query::Conditions::Operation.new(:and,
+              DataMapper::Query::Conditions::Comparison.new(:in, @self_relationship, @model.all(@query.merge(:fields => @key))),
+              DataMapper::Query::Conditions::Operation.new(:not,
+                DataMapper::Query::Conditions::Comparison.new(:eql, @model.properties[:name], 'Dan Kubb')
+              )
+            )
+          end
+
+          it { is_expected.not_to equal(@query) }
+
+          it { is_expected.not_to equal(@other) }
+
+          it 'puts each query into a subquery and AND them together, and negate the other' do
+            expect(subject.conditions).to eq @expected
+          end
+        end
+
+        describe 'with other having an offset > 0' do
+          before do
+            @query = DataMapper::Query.new(@repository, @model, :name => 'Dan Kubb')
+            @other = DataMapper::Query.new(@repository, @model, :offset => 5, :limit => 5)
+
+            @expected = DataMapper::Query::Conditions::Operation.new(:and,
+              DataMapper::Query::Conditions::Comparison.new(:eql, @model.properties[:name], 'Dan Kubb'),
+              DataMapper::Query::Conditions::Operation.new(:not,
+                DataMapper::Query::Conditions::Comparison.new(:in, @self_relationship, @model.all(@other.merge(:fields => @key)))
+              )
+            )
+          end
+
+          it { is_expected.not_to equal(@query) }
+
+          it { is_expected.not_to equal(@other) }
+
+          it 'puts each query into a subquery and AND them together, and negate the other' do
+            expect(subject.conditions).to eq @expected
+          end
+        end
+
+        describe 'with self having links' do
+          before :all do
+            @do_adapter = defined?(DataMapper::Adapters::DataObjectsAdapter) && @adapter.kind_of?(DataMapper::Adapters::DataObjectsAdapter)
+          end
+
+          before do
+            @query = DataMapper::Query.new(@repository, @model, :links => [ :referrer ])
+            @other = DataMapper::Query.new(@repository, @model, :name => 'Dan Kubb')
+
+            @expected = DataMapper::Query::Conditions::Operation.new(:and,
+              DataMapper::Query::Conditions::Comparison.new(:in, @self_relationship, @model.all(@query.merge(:fields => @key))),
+              DataMapper::Query::Conditions::Operation.new(:not,
+                DataMapper::Query::Conditions::Comparison.new(:eql, @model.properties[:name], 'Dan Kubb')
+              )
+            )
+          end
+
+          it { is_expected.not_to equal(@query) }
+
+          it { is_expected.not_to equal(@other) }
+
+          it 'puts each query into a subquery and AND them together, and negate the other query' do
+            expect(subject.conditions).to eq @expected
+          end
+        end
+
+        describe 'with other having links' do
+          before :all do
+            @do_adapter = defined?(DataMapper::Adapters::DataObjectsAdapter) && @adapter.kind_of?(DataMapper::Adapters::DataObjectsAdapter)
+          end
+
+          before do
+            @query = DataMapper::Query.new(@repository, @model, :name => 'Dan Kubb')
+            @other = DataMapper::Query.new(@repository, @model, :links => [ :referrer ])
+
+            @expected = DataMapper::Query::Conditions::Operation.new(:and,
+              DataMapper::Query::Conditions::Comparison.new(:eql, @model.properties[:name], 'Dan Kubb'),
+              DataMapper::Query::Conditions::Operation.new(:not,
+                DataMapper::Query::Conditions::Comparison.new(:in, @self_relationship, @model.all(@other.merge(:fields => @key)))
+              )
+            )
+          end
+
+          it { is_expected.not_to equal(@query) }
+
+          it { is_expected.not_to equal(@other) }
+
+          it 'puts each query into a subquery and AND them together, and negate the other query' do
+            expect(subject.conditions).to eq @expected
+          end
+        end
+
+        describe 'with different conditions, no links/offset/limit' do
+          before do
+            property = @model.properties[:name]
+
+            @query = DataMapper::Query.new(@repository, @model, property.name => 'Dan Kubb')
+            @other = DataMapper::Query.new(@repository, @model, property.name => 'John Doe')
+
+            expect(@query.conditions).not_to eq @other.conditions
+
+            @expected = DataMapper::Query::Conditions::Operation.new(:and,
+              DataMapper::Query::Conditions::Comparison.new(:eql, property, 'Dan Kubb'),
+              DataMapper::Query::Conditions::Operation.new(:not,
+                DataMapper::Query::Conditions::Comparison.new(:eql, property, 'John Doe')
+              )
+            )
+          end
+
+          it { is_expected.to be_kind_of(DataMapper::Query) }
+
+          it { is_expected.not_to equal(@query) }
+
+          it { is_expected.not_to equal(@other) }
+
+          it "AND's the conditions together, and negate the other query" do
+            expect(subject.conditions).to eq @expected
+          end
+        end
+
+        describe 'with different fields' do
+          before do
+            @property = @model.properties[:name]
+
+            @query = DataMapper::Query.new(@repository, @model)
+            @other = DataMapper::Query.new(@repository, @model, :fields => [ @property ])
+
+            expect(@query.fields).not_to eq @other.fields
+          end
+
+          it { is_expected.to be_kind_of(DataMapper::Query) }
+
+          it { is_expected.not_to equal(@query) }
+
+          it { is_expected.not_to equal(@other) }
+
+          it { expect(subject.conditions).to eq DataMapper::Query::Conditions::Operation.new(:and) }
+
+          it 'uses the other fields' do
+            expect(subject.fields).to eq [ @property ]
+          end
+        end
+
+        describe 'with different order' do
+          before do
+            @property = @model.properties[:name]
+
+            @query = DataMapper::Query.new(@repository, @model)
+            @other = DataMapper::Query.new(@repository, @model, :order => [ DataMapper::Query::Direction.new(@property, :desc) ])
+
+            expect(@query.order).not_to eq @other.order
+          end
+
+          it { is_expected.to be_kind_of(DataMapper::Query) }
+
+          it { is_expected.not_to equal(@query) }
+
+          it { is_expected.not_to equal(@other) }
+
+          it { expect(subject.conditions).to eq DataMapper::Query::Conditions::Operation.new(:and) }
+
+          it 'uses the other order' do
+            expect(subject.order).to eq [ DataMapper::Query::Direction.new(@property, :desc) ]
+          end
+        end
+
+        describe 'with different unique' do
+          before do
+            @query = DataMapper::Query.new(@repository, @model)
+            @other = DataMapper::Query.new(@repository, @model, :unique => true)
+
+            expect(@query.unique?).not_to eq @other.unique?
+          end
+
+          it { is_expected.to be_kind_of(DataMapper::Query) }
+
+          it { is_expected.not_to equal(@query) }
+
+          it { is_expected.not_to equal(@other) }
+
+          it { expect(subject.conditions).to eq DataMapper::Query::Conditions::Operation.new(:and) }
+
+          it 'uses the other unique' do
+            expect(subject.unique?).to eq true
+          end
+        end
+
+        describe 'with different add_reversed' do
+          before do
+            @query = DataMapper::Query.new(@repository, @model)
+            @other = DataMapper::Query.new(@repository, @model, :add_reversed => true)
+
+            expect(@query.add_reversed?).not_to eq @other.add_reversed?
+          end
+
+          it { is_expected.to be_kind_of(DataMapper::Query) }
+
+          it { is_expected.not_to equal(@query) }
+
+          it { is_expected.not_to equal(@other) }
+
+          it { expect(subject.conditions).to eq DataMapper::Query::Conditions::Operation.new(:and) }
+
+          it 'uses the other add_reversed' do
+            expect(subject.add_reversed?).to eq true
+          end
+        end
+
+        describe 'with different reload' do
+          before do
+            @query = DataMapper::Query.new(@repository, @model)
+            @other = DataMapper::Query.new(@repository, @model, :reload => true)
+
+            expect(@query.reload?).not_to eq @other.reload?
+          end
+
+          it { is_expected.to be_kind_of(DataMapper::Query) }
+
+          it { is_expected.not_to equal(@query) }
+
+          it { is_expected.not_to equal(@other) }
+
+          it { expect(subject.conditions).to eq DataMapper::Query::Conditions::Operation.new(:and) }
+
+          it 'uses the other reload' do
+            expect(subject.reload?).to eq true
+          end
+        end
+
+        describe 'with different models' do
+          before { @other = DataMapper::Query.new(@repository, Other) }
+
+          it { expect { method(:subject) }.to raise_error(ArgumentError) }
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  it { is_expected.to respond_to(:dup) }
+
+  describe '#dup' do
+    before :all do
+      @new = @query.dup
+    end
+
+    it 'returns a Query' do
+      expect(@new).to be_kind_of(DataMapper::Query)
+    end
+
+    it 'does not equal query' do
+      expect(@new).not_to equal(@query)
+    end
+
+    it "eql's query" do
+      expect(@new).to eql(@query)
+    end
+
+    it "=='s query" do
+      expect(@new).to eq @query
+    end
+  end
+
+  it { is_expected.to respond_to(:eql?) }
+
+  describe '#eql?' do
+    describe 'when other is equal' do
+      before :all do
+        @return = @query.eql?(@query)
+      end
+
+      it { expect(@return).to be(true) }
+    end
+
+    describe 'when other is eql' do
+      before :all do
+        @return = @query.eql?(@query.dup)
+      end
+
+      it { expect(@return).to be(true) }
+    end
+
+    DataMapper::Query::OPTIONS.each do |name|
+      describe "when other has an not eql #{name}" do
+        before :all do
+          @return = @query.eql?(@query.merge(name => @other_options[name]))
+        end
+
+        it { expect(@return).to be(false) }
+      end
+    end
+
+    describe 'when other is a different type of object' do
+      before :all do
+        @other = OpenStruct.new(
+          :repository    => @query.repository,
+          :model         => @query.model,
+          :sorted_fields => @query.sorted_fields,
+          :links         => @query.links,
+          :conditions    => @query.conditions,
+          :order         => @query.order,
+          :limit         => @query.limit,
+          :offset        => @query.offset,
+          :reload?       => @query.reload?,
+          :unique?       => @query.unique?,
+          :add_reversed? => @query.add_reversed?
+        )
+
+        @return = @query.eql?(@other)
+      end
+
+      it { expect(@return).to be(false) }
+    end
+  end
+
+  it { is_expected.to respond_to(:fields) }
+
+  describe '#fields' do
+    before :all do
+      @return = @query.fields
+    end
+
+    it { expect(@return).to be_kind_of(Array) }
+
+    it 'returns expected value' do
+      expect(@return).to eq [ @model.properties[:name], @model.properties[:citizenship], @model.properties[:referrer_name] ]
+    end
+  end
+
+  it { is_expected.to respond_to(:filter_records) }
+
+  describe '#filter_records' do
+    supported_by :all do
+      before :all do
+        @john = { 'name' => 'John Doe',  'referrer_name' => nil         }
+        @sam  = { 'name' => 'Sam Smoot', 'referrer_name' => nil         }
+        @dan  = { 'name' => 'Dan Kubb',  'referrer_name' => 'Sam Smoot' }
+
+        @records = [ @john, @sam, @dan ]
+
+        @query.update(:name.not => @sam['name'])
+
+        @return = @query.filter_records(@records)
+      end
+
+      it 'returns Enumerable' do
+        expect(@return).to be_kind_of(Enumerable)
+      end
+
+      it 'are not the records provided' do
+        expect(@return).not_to equal(@records)
+      end
+
+      it 'returns expected values' do
+        expect(@return).to eq [ @dan, @john ]
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  it { is_expected.to respond_to(:inspect) }
+
+  describe '#inspect' do
+    before :all do
+      @return = @query.inspect
+    end
+
+    it 'returns expected value' do
+      expect(@return).to eq DataMapper::Ext::String.compress_lines(<<-INSPECT)
+        #<DataMapper::Query
+          @repository=:default
+          @model=User
+          @fields=[#<DataMapper::Property::String @model=User @name=:name>, #<DataMapper::Property::String @model=User @name=:citizenship>, #<DataMapper::Property::String @model=User @name=:referrer_name>]
+          @links=[]
+          @conditions=nil
+          @order=[#<DataMapper::Query::Direction @target=#<DataMapper::Property::String @model=User @name=:name> @operator=:asc>]
+          @limit=3
+          @offset=0
+          @reload=false
+          @unique=false>
+      INSPECT
+    end
+  end
+
+  [ :intersection, :& ].each do |method|
+    it { is_expected.to respond_to(method) }
+
+    describe "##{method}" do
+      supported_by :all do
+        before :all do
+          @key = @model.key(@repository.name)
+
+          @self_relationship = DataMapper::Associations::OneToMany::Relationship.new(
+            :self,
+            @model,
+            @model,
+            {
+              :child_key              => @key.map { |p| p.name },
+              :parent_key             => @key.map { |p| p.name },
+              :child_repository_name  => @repository.name,
+              :parent_repository_name => @repository.name,
+            }
+          )
+
+          10.times do |n|
+            @model.create(:name => "#{@model} #{n}")
+          end
+        end
+
+        subject do
+          result = @query.send(method, @other)
+
+          if @another
+            result = result.send(method, @another)
+          end
+
+          result
+        end
+
+        describe 'with equivalent query' do
+          before { @other = @query.dup }
+
+          it { is_expected.to be_kind_of(DataMapper::Query) }
+
+          it { is_expected.not_to equal(@query) }
+
+          it { is_expected.not_to equal(@other) }
+
+          it { is_expected.to eq @query }
+        end
+
+        describe 'with other matching everything' do
+          before do
+            @query = DataMapper::Query.new(@repository, @model, :name => 'Dan Kubb')
+            @other = DataMapper::Query.new(@repository, @model)
+          end
+
+          it { is_expected.to be_kind_of(DataMapper::Query) }
+
+          it { is_expected.not_to equal(@query) }
+
+          it { is_expected.not_to equal(@other) }
+
+          it 'factors out the operation matching everything' do
+            pending 'TODO: compress Query#conditions for proper comparison'
+            is_expected.to eq DataMapper::Query.new(@repository, @model, :name => 'Dan Kubb')
+          end
+        end
+
+        describe 'with self matching everything' do
+          before do
+            @query   = DataMapper::Query.new(@repository, @model)
+            @other   = DataMapper::Query.new(@repository, @model, :name => 'Dan Kubb')
+            @another = DataMapper::Query.new(@repository, @model, :citizenship => 'US')
+          end
+
+          it { is_expected.to be_kind_of(DataMapper::Query) }
+
+          it { is_expected.not_to equal(@query) }
+
+          it { is_expected.not_to equal(@other) }
+
+          it { is_expected.not_to equal(@another) }
+
+          it 'factors out the operation matching everything' do
+            is_expected.to eq DataMapper::Query.new(@repository, @model, :name => 'Dan Kubb', :citizenship => 'US')
+          end
+        end
+
+        describe 'with self having a limit' do
+          before do
+            @query = DataMapper::Query.new(@repository, @model, :limit => 5)
+            @other = DataMapper::Query.new(@repository, @model, :name => 'Dan Kubb')
+
+            @expected = DataMapper::Query::Conditions::Operation.new(:and,
+              DataMapper::Query::Conditions::Comparison.new(:in,  @self_relationship,       @model.all(@query.merge(:fields => @key))),
+              DataMapper::Query::Conditions::Comparison.new(:eql, @model.properties[:name], 'Dan Kubb')
+            )
+          end
+
+          it { is_expected.not_to equal(@query) }
+
+          it { is_expected.not_to equal(@other) }
+
+          it 'puts each query into a subquery and AND them together' do
+            expect(subject.conditions).to eq @expected
+          end
+        end
+
+        describe 'with other having a limit' do
+          before do
+            @query = DataMapper::Query.new(@repository, @model, :name => 'Dan Kubb')
+            @other = DataMapper::Query.new(@repository, @model, :limit => 5)
+
+            @expected = DataMapper::Query::Conditions::Operation.new(:and,
+              DataMapper::Query::Conditions::Comparison.new(:eql, @model.properties[:name], 'Dan Kubb'),
+              DataMapper::Query::Conditions::Comparison.new(:in,  @self_relationship,       @model.all(@other.merge(:fields => @key)))
+            )
+          end
+
+          it { is_expected.not_to equal(@query) }
+
+          it { is_expected.not_to equal(@other) }
+
+          it 'puts each query into a subquery and AND them together' do
+            expect(subject.conditions).to eq @expected
+          end
+        end
+
+        describe 'with self having an offset > 0' do
+          before do
+            @query = DataMapper::Query.new(@repository, @model, :offset => 5, :limit => 5)
+            @other = DataMapper::Query.new(@repository, @model, :name => 'Dan Kubb')
+
+            @expected = DataMapper::Query::Conditions::Operation.new(:and,
+              DataMapper::Query::Conditions::Comparison.new(:in,  @self_relationship,       @model.all(@query.merge(:fields => @key))),
+              DataMapper::Query::Conditions::Comparison.new(:eql, @model.properties[:name], 'Dan Kubb')
+            )
+          end
+
+          it { is_expected.not_to equal(@query) }
+
+          it { is_expected.not_to equal(@other) }
+
+          it 'puts each query into a subquery and AND them together' do
+            expect(subject.conditions).to eq @expected
+          end
+        end
+
+        describe 'with other having an offset > 0' do
+          before do
+            @query = DataMapper::Query.new(@repository, @model, :name => 'Dan Kubb')
+            @other = DataMapper::Query.new(@repository, @model, :offset => 5, :limit => 5)
+
+            @expected = DataMapper::Query::Conditions::Operation.new(:and,
+              DataMapper::Query::Conditions::Comparison.new(:eql, @model.properties[:name], 'Dan Kubb'),
+              DataMapper::Query::Conditions::Comparison.new(:in,  @self_relationship,        @model.all(@other.merge(:fields => @key)))
+            )
+          end
+
+          it { is_expected.not_to equal(@query) }
+
+          it { is_expected.not_to equal(@other) }
+
+          it 'puts each query into a subquery and AND them together' do
+            expect(subject.conditions).to eq @expected
+          end
+        end
+
+        describe 'with self having links' do
+          before :all do
+            @do_adapter = defined?(DataMapper::Adapters::DataObjectsAdapter) && @adapter.kind_of?(DataMapper::Adapters::DataObjectsAdapter)
+          end
+
+          before do
+            @query = DataMapper::Query.new(@repository, @model, :links => [ :referrer ])
+            @other = DataMapper::Query.new(@repository, @model, :name => 'Dan Kubb')
+
+            @expected = DataMapper::Query::Conditions::Operation.new(:and,
+              DataMapper::Query::Conditions::Comparison.new(:in,  @self_relationship,       @model.all(@query.merge(:fields => @key))),
+              DataMapper::Query::Conditions::Comparison.new(:eql, @model.properties[:name], 'Dan Kubb')
+            )
+          end
+
+          it { is_expected.not_to equal(@query) }
+
+          it { is_expected.not_to equal(@other) }
+
+          it 'puts each query into a subquery and AND them together' do
+            expect(subject.conditions).to eq @expected
+          end
+        end
+
+        describe 'with other having links' do
+          before :all do
+            @do_adapter = defined?(DataMapper::Adapters::DataObjectsAdapter) && @adapter.kind_of?(DataMapper::Adapters::DataObjectsAdapter)
+          end
+
+          before do
+            @query = DataMapper::Query.new(@repository, @model, :name => 'Dan Kubb')
+            @other = DataMapper::Query.new(@repository, @model, :links => [ :referrer ])
+
+            @expected = DataMapper::Query::Conditions::Operation.new(:and,
+              DataMapper::Query::Conditions::Comparison.new(:eql, @model.properties[:name], 'Dan Kubb'),
+              DataMapper::Query::Conditions::Comparison.new(:in,  @self_relationship,       @model.all(@other.merge(:fields => @key)))
+            )
+          end
+
+          it { is_expected.not_to equal(@query) }
+
+          it { is_expected.not_to equal(@other) }
+
+          it 'puts each query into a subquery and AND them together' do
+            expect(subject.conditions).to eq @expected
+          end
+        end
+
+        describe 'with different conditions, no links/offset/limit' do
+          before do
+            property = @model.properties[:name]
+
+            @query = DataMapper::Query.new(@repository, @model, property.name => 'Dan Kubb')
+            @other = DataMapper::Query.new(@repository, @model, property.name => 'John Doe')
+
+            expect(@query.conditions).not_to eq @other.conditions
+
+            @expected = DataMapper::Query::Conditions::Operation.new(:and,
+              DataMapper::Query::Conditions::Comparison.new(:eql, property, 'Dan Kubb'),
+              DataMapper::Query::Conditions::Comparison.new(:eql, property, 'John Doe')
+            )
+          end
+
+          it { is_expected.to be_kind_of(DataMapper::Query) }
+
+          it { is_expected.not_to equal(@query) }
+
+          it { is_expected.not_to equal(@other) }
+
+          it "AND's the conditions together" do
+            expect(subject.conditions).to eq @expected
+          end
+        end
+
+        describe 'with different fields' do
+          before do
+            @property = @model.properties[:name]
+
+            @query = DataMapper::Query.new(@repository, @model)
+            @other = DataMapper::Query.new(@repository, @model, :fields => [ @property ])
+
+            expect(@query.fields).not_to eq @other.fields
+          end
+
+          it { is_expected.to be_kind_of(DataMapper::Query) }
+
+          it { is_expected.not_to equal(@query) }
+
+          it { is_expected.not_to equal(@other) }
+
+          it { expect(subject.conditions).to be_nil }
+
+          it 'uses the other fields' do
+            expect(subject.fields).to eq [ @property ]
+          end
+        end
+
+        describe 'with different order' do
+          before do
+            @property = @model.properties[:name]
+
+            @query = DataMapper::Query.new(@repository, @model)
+            @other = DataMapper::Query.new(@repository, @model, :order => [ DataMapper::Query::Direction.new(@property, :desc) ])
+
+            expect(@query.order).not_to eq @other.order
+          end
+
+          it { is_expected.to be_kind_of(DataMapper::Query) }
+
+          it { is_expected.not_to equal(@query) }
+
+          it { is_expected.not_to equal(@other) }
+
+          it { expect(subject.conditions).to be_nil }
+
+          it 'uses the other order' do
+            expect(subject.order).to eq [ DataMapper::Query::Direction.new(@property, :desc) ]
+          end
+        end
+
+        describe 'with different unique' do
+          before do
+            @query = DataMapper::Query.new(@repository, @model)
+            @other = DataMapper::Query.new(@repository, @model, :unique => true)
+
+            expect(@query.unique?).not_to eq @other.unique?
+          end
+
+          it { is_expected.to be_kind_of(DataMapper::Query) }
+
+          it { is_expected.not_to equal(@query) }
+
+          it { is_expected.not_to equal(@other) }
+
+          it { expect(subject.conditions).to be_nil }
+
+          it 'uses the other unique' do
+            expect(subject.unique?).to eq true
+          end
+        end
+
+        describe 'with different add_reversed' do
+          before do
+            @query = DataMapper::Query.new(@repository, @model)
+            @other = DataMapper::Query.new(@repository, @model, :add_reversed => true)
+
+            expect(@query.add_reversed?).not_to eq @other.add_reversed?
+          end
+
+          it { is_expected.to be_kind_of(DataMapper::Query) }
+
+          it { is_expected.not_to equal(@query) }
+
+          it { is_expected.not_to equal(@other) }
+
+          it { expect(subject.conditions).to be_nil }
+
+          it 'uses the other add_reversed' do
+            expect(subject.add_reversed?).to eq true
+          end
+        end
+
+        describe 'with different reload' do
+          before do
+            @query = DataMapper::Query.new(@repository, @model)
+            @other = DataMapper::Query.new(@repository, @model, :reload => true)
+
+            expect(@query.reload?).not_to eq @other.reload?
+          end
+
+          it { is_expected.to be_kind_of(DataMapper::Query) }
+
+          it { is_expected.not_to equal(@query) }
+
+          it { is_expected.not_to equal(@other) }
+
+          it 'uses the other reload' do
+            expect(subject.reload?).to eq true
+          end
+        end
+
+        describe 'with different models' do
+          before { @other = DataMapper::Query.new(@repository, Other) }
+
+          it { expect { method(:subject) }.to raise_error(ArgumentError) }
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  it { is_expected.to respond_to(:limit) }
+
+  describe '#limit' do
+    before :all do
+      @return = @query.limit
+    end
+
+    it { expect(@return).to be_kind_of(Integer) }
+
+    it 'returns expected value' do
+      expect(@return).to eq 3
+    end
+  end
+
+  it { is_expected.to respond_to(:limit_records) }
+
+  describe '#limit_records' do
+    supported_by :all do
+      before :all do
+        @john = { 'name' => 'John Doe',  'referrer_name' => nil         }
+        @sam  = { 'name' => 'Sam Smoot', 'referrer_name' => nil         }
+        @dan  = { 'name' => 'Dan Kubb',  'referrer_name' => 'Sam Smoot' }
+
+        @records = [ @john, @sam, @dan ]
+
+        @query.update(:limit => 1, :offset => 1)
+
+        @return = @query.limit_records(@records)
+      end
+
+      it 'returns Enumerable' do
+        expect(@return).to be_kind_of(Enumerable)
+      end
+
+      it 'are not the records provided' do
+        expect(@return).not_to equal(@records)
+      end
+
+      it 'returns expected values' do
+        expect(@return).to eq [ @sam ]
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  it { is_expected.to respond_to(:links) }
+
+  describe '#links' do
+    before :all do
+      @return = @query.links
+    end
+
+    it { expect(@return).to be_kind_of(Array) }
+
+    it { expect(@return).to be_empty }
+  end
+
+  it { is_expected.to respond_to(:match_records) }
+
+  describe '#match_records' do
+    supported_by :all do
+      before :all do
+        @john = { 'name' => 'John Doe',  'referrer_name' => nil         }
+        @sam  = { 'name' => 'Sam Smoot', 'referrer_name' => nil         }
+        @dan  = { 'name' => 'Dan Kubb',  'referrer_name' => 'Sam Smoot' }
+
+        @records = [ @john, @sam, @dan ]
+
+        @query.update(:name.not => @sam['name'])
+
+        @return = @query.match_records(@records)
+      end
+
+      it 'returns Enumerable' do
+        expect(@return).to be_kind_of(Enumerable)
+      end
+
+      it 'are not the records provided' do
+        expect(@return).not_to equal(@records)
+      end
+
+      it 'returns expected values' do
+        expect(@return).to eq [ @john, @dan ]
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  it { is_expected.to respond_to(:merge) }
+
+  describe '#merge' do
+    describe 'with a Hash' do
+      before do
+        @return = @query.merge({ :limit => 202 })
+      end
+
+      it 'does not affect the receiver' do
+        expect(@query.options[:limit]).to eq 3
+      end
+    end
+
+    describe 'with a Query' do
+      before do
+        @other  = DataMapper::Query.new(@repository, @model, @options.update(@other_options))
+        @return = @query.merge(@other)
+      end
+
+      it 'does not affect the receiver' do
+        expect(@query.options[:limit]).to eq 3
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  it { is_expected.to respond_to(:model) }
+
+  describe '#model' do
+    before :all do
+      @return = @query.model
+    end
+
+    it { expect(@return).to be_kind_of(Class) }
+
+    it 'returns expected value' do
+      expect(@return).to eq @model
+    end
+  end
+
+  it { is_expected.to respond_to(:offset) }
+
+  describe '#offset' do
+    before :all do
+      @return = @query.offset
+    end
+
+    it { expect(@return).to be_kind_of(Integer) }
+
+    it 'returns expected value' do
+      expect(@return).to eq 0
+    end
+  end
+
+  it { is_expected.to respond_to(:order) }
+
+  describe '#order' do
+    before :all do
+      @return = @query.order
+    end
+
+    it { expect(@return).to be_kind_of(Array) }
+
+    it 'returns expected value' do
+      expect(@return).to eq [ DataMapper::Query::Direction.new(@model.properties[:name]) ]
+    end
+  end
+
+  it { is_expected.to respond_to(:raw?) }
+
+  describe '#raw?' do
+    describe 'when the query contains raw conditions' do
+      before :all do
+        @query.update(:conditions => [ 'name = ?', 'Dan Kubb' ])
+      end
+
+      it { is_expected.to be_raw }
+    end
+
+    describe 'when the query does not contain raw conditions' do
+      it { is_expected.not_to be_raw }
+    end
+  end
+
+  it { is_expected.to respond_to(:relative) }
+
+  describe '#relative' do
+    describe 'with a Hash' do
+      describe 'that is empty' do
+        before :all do
+          @return = @query.relative({})
+        end
+
+        it { expect(@return).to be_kind_of(DataMapper::Query) }
+
+        it 'is not return self' do
+          expect(@return).not_to equal(@query)
+        end
+
+        it 'returns a copy' do
+          expect(@return).to be_eql(@query)
+        end
+      end
+
+      describe 'using different options' do
+        before :all do
+          @return = @query.relative(@other_options)
+        end
+
+        it { expect(@return).to be_kind_of(DataMapper::Query) }
+
+        it 'does not return self' do
+          expect(@return).not_to equal(@original)
+        end
+
+        it 'updates the fields' do
+          expect(@return.fields).to eq @other_options[:fields]
+        end
+
+        it 'updates the links' do
+          expect(@return.links).to eq @other_options[:links]
+        end
+
+        it 'updates the conditions' do
+          expect(@return.conditions).to eq DataMapper::Query::Conditions::Operation.new(:and, [ 'name = ?', [ 'Dan Kubb' ] ])
+        end
+
+        it 'updates the offset' do
+          expect(@return.offset).to eq @other_options[:offset]
+        end
+
+        it 'updates the limit' do
+          expect(@return.limit).to eq @other_options[:limit]
+        end
+
+        it 'updates the order' do
+          expect(@return.order).to eq @other_options[:order]
+        end
+
+        it 'updates the unique' do
+          expect(@return.unique?).to eq @other_options[:unique]
+        end
+
+        it 'updates the add_reversed' do
+          expect(@return.add_reversed?).to eq @other_options[:add_reversed]
+        end
+
+        it 'updates the reload' do
+          expect(@return.reload?).to eq @other_options[:reload]
+        end
+      end
+
+      describe 'using extra options' do
+        before :all do
+          @options = { :name => 'Dan Kubb' }
+
+          @return = @query.relative(@options)
+        end
+
+        it { expect(@return).to be_kind_of(DataMapper::Query) }
+
+        it 'does not return self' do
+          expect(@return).not_to equal(@original)
+        end
+
+        it 'updates the conditions' do
+          expect(@return.conditions).to eq
+            DataMapper::Query::Conditions::Operation.new(
+              :and,
+              DataMapper::Query::Conditions::Comparison.new(
+                :eql,
+                @model.properties[:name],
+                @options[:name]
+              )
+            )
+        end
+      end
+
+      describe 'using an offset when query offset is greater than 0' do
+        before :all do
+          @query = @query.update(:offset => 1, :limit => 2)
+
+          @return = @query.relative(:offset => 1)
+        end
+
+        it { expect(@return).to be_kind_of(DataMapper::Query) }
+
+        it 'does not return self' do
+          expect(@return).not_to equal(@original)
+        end
+
+        it 'updates the offset to be relative to the original offset' do
+          expect(@return.offset).to eq 2
+        end
+      end
+
+      describe 'using an limit when query limit specified' do
+        before :all do
+          @query = @query.update(:offset => 1, :limit => 2)
+
+          @return = @query.relative(:limit => 1)
+        end
+
+        it { expect(@return).to be_kind_of(DataMapper::Query) }
+
+        it 'does not return self' do
+          expect(@return).not_to equal(@original)
+        end
+
+        it 'updates the limit' do
+          expect(@return.limit).to eq 1
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  it { is_expected.to respond_to(:reload?) }
+
+  describe '#reload?' do
+    describe 'when the query reloads' do
+      before :all do
+        @query.update(:reload => true)
+      end
+
+      it { is_expected.to be_reload }
+    end
+
+    describe 'when the query does not reload' do
+      it { is_expected.not_to be_reload }
+    end
+  end
+
+  it { is_expected.to respond_to(:repository) }
+
+  describe '#repository' do
+    before :all do
+      @return = @query.repository
+    end
+
+    it { expect(@return).to be_kind_of(DataMapper::Repository) }
+
+    it 'returns expected value' do
+      expect(@return).to eq @repository
+    end
+  end
+
+  it { is_expected.to respond_to(:reverse) }
+
+  describe '#reverse' do
+    before :all do
+      @return = @query.reverse
+    end
+
+    it { expect(@return).to be_kind_of(DataMapper::Query) }
+
+    it 'copies the Query' do
+      expect(@return).not_to equal(@original)
+    end
+
+    # TODO: push this into dup spec
+    it 'does not reference original order' do
+      expect(@return.order).not_to equal(@original.order)
+    end
+
+    it 'has a reversed order' do
+      expect(@return.order).to eq [ DataMapper::Query::Direction.new(@model.properties[:name], :desc) ]
+    end
+
+    [ :repository, :model, :fields, :links, :conditions, :offset, :limit, :unique?, :add_reversed?, :reload? ].each do |attribute|
+      it "has an equivalent #{attribute}" do
+        expect(@return.send(attribute)).to eq @original.send(attribute)
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  it { is_expected.to respond_to(:reverse!) }
+
+  describe '#reverse!' do
+    before :all do
+      @return = @query.reverse!
+    end
+
+    it { expect(@return).to be_kind_of(DataMapper::Query) }
+
+    it { expect(@return).to equal(@original) }
+
+    it 'has a reversed order' do
+      expect(@return.order).to eq [ DataMapper::Query::Direction.new(@model.properties[:name], :desc) ]
+    end
+  end
+
+  [ :slice, :[] ].each do |method|
+    it { is_expected.to respond_to(method) }
+
+    describe "##{method}" do
+      describe 'with a positive offset' do
+        before :all do
+          @query = @query.update(:offset => 1, :limit => 2)
+
+          @return = @query.send(method, 1)
+        end
+
+        it { expect(@return).to be_kind_of(DataMapper::Query) }
+
+        it 'does not return self' do
+          expect(@return).not_to equal(@original)
+        end
+
+        it 'updates the offset to be relative to the original offset' do
+          expect(@return.offset).to eq 2
+        end
+
+        it 'updates the limit to 1' do
+          expect(@return.limit).to eq 1
+        end
+      end
+
+      describe 'with a positive offset and length' do
+        before :all do
+          @query = @query.update(:offset => 1, :limit => 2)
+
+          @return = @query.send(method, 1, 1)
+        end
+
+        it { expect(@return).to be_kind_of(DataMapper::Query) }
+
+        it 'does not return self' do
+          expect(@return).not_to equal(@original)
+        end
+
+        it 'updates the offset to be relative to the original offset' do
+          expect(@return.offset).to eq 2
+        end
+
+        it 'updates the limit' do
+          expect(@return.limit).to eq 1
+        end
+      end
+
+      describe 'with a positive range' do
+        before :all do
+          @query = @query.update(:offset => 1, :limit => 3)
+
+          @return = @query.send(method, 1..2)
+        end
+
+        it { expect(@return).to be_kind_of(DataMapper::Query) }
+
+        it 'does not return self' do
+          expect(@return).not_to equal(@original)
+        end
+
+        it 'updates the offset to be relative to the original offset' do
+          expect(@return.offset).to eq 2
+        end
+
+        it 'updates the limit' do
+          expect(@return.limit).to eq 2
+        end
+      end
+
+      describe 'with a negative offset' do
+        before :all do
+          @query = @query.update(:offset => 1, :limit => 2)
+
+          @return = @query.send(method, -1)
+        end
+
+        it { expect(@return).to be_kind_of(DataMapper::Query) }
+
+        it 'does not return self' do
+          expect(@return).not_to equal(@original)
+        end
+
+        it 'updates the offset to be relative to the original offset' do
+          pending "TODO: update Query##{method} handle negative offset"
+          expect(@return.offset).to eq 2
+        end
+
+        it 'updates the limit to 1' do
+          expect(@return.limit).to eq 1
+        end
+      end
+
+      describe 'with a negative offset and length' do
+        before :all do
+          @query = @query.update(:offset => 1, :limit => 2)
+
+          @return = @query.send(method, -1, 1)
+        end
+
+        it { expect(@return).to be_kind_of(DataMapper::Query) }
+
+        it 'does not return self' do
+          expect(@return).not_to equal(@original)
+        end
+
+        it 'updates the offset to be relative to the original offset' do
+          pending "TODO: update Query##{method} handle negative offset and length"
+          expect(@return.offset).to eq 2
+        end
+
+        it 'updates the limit to 1' do
+          expect(@return.limit).to eq 1
+        end
+      end
+
+      describe 'with a negative range' do
+        before :all do
+          @query = @query.update(:offset => 1, :limit => 3)
+
+          rescue_if "TODO: update Query##{method} handle negative range" do
+            @return = @query.send(method, -2..-1)
+          end
+        end
+
+        before do
+          pending "TODO: update Query##{method} handle negative range" unless defined?(@return)
+        end
+
+        it { expect(@return).to be_kind_of(DataMapper::Query) }
+
+        it 'does not return self' do
+          expect(@return).not_to equal(@original)
+        end
+
+        it 'updates the offset to be relative to the original offset' do
+          expect(@return.offset).to eq 2
+        end
+
+        it 'updates the limit to 1' do
+          expect(@return.limit).to eq 2
+        end
+      end
+
+      describe 'with an offset not within range' do
+        before :all do
+          @query = @query.update(:offset => 1, :limit => 3)
+        end
+
+        it 'raises an exception' do
+          expect {
+            @query.send(method, 12)
+          }.to raise_error(RangeError, 'offset 12 and limit 1 are outside allowed range')
+        end
+      end
+
+      describe 'with an offset and length not within range' do
+        before :all do
+          @query = @query.update(:offset => 1, :limit => 3)
+        end
+
+        it 'raises an exception' do
+          expect { @query.send(method, 12, 1) }.to raise_error(RangeError, 'offset 12 and limit 1 are outside allowed range')
+        end
+      end
+
+      describe 'with a range not within range' do
+        before :all do
+          @query = @query.update(:offset => 1, :limit => 3)
+        end
+
+        it 'raises an exception' do
+          expect {
+            @query.send(method, 12..12)
+          }.to raise_error(RangeError, 'offset 12 and limit 1 are outside allowed range')
+        end
+      end
+
+      describe 'with invalid arguments' do
+        it 'raises an exception' do
+          expect {
+            @query.send(method, 'invalid')
+          }.to raise_error(ArgumentError, 'arguments may be 1 or 2 Integers, or 1 Range object, was: ["invalid"]')
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  it { is_expected.to respond_to(:slice!) }
+
+  describe '#slice!' do
+    describe 'with a positive offset' do
+      before :all do
+        @query = @query.update(:offset => 1, :limit => 2)
+
+        @return = @query.slice!(1)
+      end
+
+      it { expect(@return).to be_kind_of(DataMapper::Query) }
+
+      it 'returns self' do
+        expect(@return).to equal(@original)
+      end
+
+      it 'updates the offset to be relative to the original offset' do
+        expect(@return.offset).to eq 2
+      end
+
+      it 'updates the limit to 1' do
+        expect(@return.limit).to eq 1
+      end
+    end
+
+    describe 'with a positive offset and length' do
+      before :all do
+        @query = @query.update(:offset => 1, :limit => 2)
+
+        @return = @query.slice!(1, 1)
+      end
+
+      it { expect(@return).to be_kind_of(DataMapper::Query) }
+
+      it 'returns self' do
+        expect(@return).to equal(@original)
+      end
+
+      it 'updates the offset to be relative to the original offset' do
+        expect(@return.offset).to eq 2
+      end
+
+      it 'updates the limit' do
+        expect(@return.limit).to eq 1
+      end
+    end
+
+    describe 'with a positive range' do
+      before :all do
+        @query = @query.update(:offset => 1, :limit => 3)
+
+        @return = @query.slice!(1..2)
+      end
+
+      it { expect(@return).to be_kind_of(DataMapper::Query) }
+
+      it 'returns self' do
+        expect(@return).to equal(@original)
+      end
+
+      it 'updates the offset to be relative to the original offset' do
+        expect(@return.offset).to eq 2
+      end
+
+      it 'updates the limit' do
+        expect(@return.limit).to eq 2
+      end
+    end
+
+    describe 'with a negative offset' do
+      before :all do
+        @query = @query.update(:offset => 1, :limit => 2)
+
+        @return = @query.slice!(-1)
+      end
+
+      it { expect(@return).to be_kind_of(DataMapper::Query) }
+
+      it 'returns self' do
+        expect(@return).to equal(@original)
+      end
+
+      it 'updates the offset to be relative to the original offset' do
+        pending 'TODO: update Query#slice! handle negative offset'
+        expect(@return.offset).to eq 2
+      end
+
+      it 'updates the limit to 1' do
+        expect(@return.limit).to eq 1
+      end
+    end
+
+    describe 'with a negative offset and length' do
+      before :all do
+        @query = @query.update(:offset => 1, :limit => 2)
+
+        @return = @query.slice!(-1, 1)
+      end
+
+      it { expect(@return).to be_kind_of(DataMapper::Query) }
+
+      it 'returns self' do
+        expect(@return).to equal(@original)
+      end
+
+      it 'updates the offset to be relative to the original offset' do
+        pending 'TODO: update Query#slice! handle negative offset and length'
+        expect(@return.offset).to eq 2
+      end
+
+      it 'updates the limit to 1' do
+        expect(@return.limit).to eq 1
+      end
+    end
+
+    describe 'with a negative range' do
+      before :all do
+        @query = @query.update(:offset => 1, :limit => 3)
+
+        rescue_if 'TODO: update Query#slice! handle negative range' do
+          @return = @query.slice!(-2..-1)
+        end
+      end
+
+      before do
+        pending 'TODO: update Query#slice! handle negative range' unless defined?(@return)
+      end
+
+      it { expect(@return).to be_kind_of(DataMapper::Query) }
+
+      it 'returns self' do
+        expect(@return).to equal(@original)
+      end
+
+      it 'updates the offset to be relative to the original offset' do
+        expect(@return.offset).to eq 2
+      end
+
+      it 'updates the limit to 1' do
+        expect(@return.limit).to eq 2
+      end
+    end
+
+    describe 'with an offset not within range' do
+      before :all do
+        @query = @query.update(:offset => 1, :limit => 3)
+      end
+
+      it 'raises an exception' do
+        expect {
+          @query.slice!(12)
+        }.to raise_error(RangeError, 'offset 12 and limit 1 are outside allowed range')
+      end
+    end
+
+    describe 'with an offset and length not within range' do
+      before :all do
+        @query = @query.update(:offset => 1, :limit => 3)
+      end
+
+      it 'raises an exception' do
+        expect {
+          @query.slice!(12, 1)
+        }.to raise_error(RangeError, 'offset 12 and limit 1 are outside allowed range')
+      end
+    end
+
+    describe 'with a range not within range' do
+      before :all do
+        @query = @query.update(:offset => 1, :limit => 3)
+      end
+
+      it 'raises an exception' do
+        expect {
+          @query.slice!(12..12)
+        }.to raise_error(RangeError, 'offset 12 and limit 1 are outside allowed range')
+      end
+    end
+
+    describe 'with invalid arguments' do
+      it 'raises an exception' do
+        expect {
+          @query.slice!('invalid')
+        }.to raise_error(ArgumentError, 'arguments may be 1 or 2 Integers, or 1 Range object, was: ["invalid"]')
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  it { is_expected.to respond_to(:sort_records) }
+
+  describe '#sort_records' do
+    supported_by :all do
+      before :all do
+        @john = { 'name' => 'John Doe',  'referrer_name' => nil         }
+        @sam  = { 'name' => 'Sam Smoot', 'referrer_name' => nil         }
+        @dan  = { 'name' => 'Dan Kubb',  'referrer_name' => 'Sam Smoot' }
+
+        @records = [ @john, @sam, @dan ]
+
+        @query.update(:order => [ :name ])
+
+        @return = @query.sort_records(@records)
+      end
+
+      it 'returns Enumerable' do
+        expect(@return).to be_kind_of(Enumerable)
+      end
+
+      it 'are not the records provided' do
+        expect(@return).not_to equal(@records)
+      end
+
+      it 'returns expected values' do
+        expect(@return).to eq [ @dan, @john, @sam ]
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  [ :union, :|, :+ ].each do |method|
+    it { is_expected.to respond_to(method) }
+
+    describe "##{method}" do
+      supported_by :all do
+        before :all do
+          @key = @model.key(@repository.name)
+
+          @self_relationship = DataMapper::Associations::OneToMany::Relationship.new(
+            :self,
+            @model,
+            @model,
+            {
+              :child_key              => @key.map { |p| p.name },
+              :parent_key             => @key.map { |p| p.name },
+              :child_repository_name  => @repository.name,
+              :parent_repository_name => @repository.name,
+            }
+          )
+
+          10.times do |n|
+            @model.create(:name => "#{@model} #{n}")
+          end
+        end
+
+        subject { @query.send(method, @other) }
+
+        describe 'with equivalent query' do
+          before { @other = @query.dup }
+
+          it { is_expected.to be_kind_of(DataMapper::Query) }
+
+          it { is_expected.not_to equal(@query) }
+
+          it { is_expected.not_to equal(@other) }
+
+          it { is_expected.to eq @query }
+        end
+
+        describe 'with other matching everything' do
+          before do
+            @query = DataMapper::Query.new(@repository, @model, :name => 'Dan Kubb')
+            @other = DataMapper::Query.new(@repository, @model)
+          end
+
+          it { is_expected.to be_kind_of(DataMapper::Query) }
+
+          it { is_expected.not_to equal(@query) }
+
+          it { is_expected.not_to equal(@other) }
+
+          it 'matches everything' do
+            is_expected.to eq DataMapper::Query.new(@repository, @model)
+          end
+        end
+
+        describe 'with self matching everything' do
+          before do
+            @query = DataMapper::Query.new(@repository, @model)
+            @other = DataMapper::Query.new(@repository, @model, :name => 'Dan Kubb')
+          end
+
+          it { is_expected.to be_kind_of(DataMapper::Query) }
+
+          it { is_expected.not_to equal(@query) }
+
+          it { is_expected.not_to equal(@other) }
+
+          it 'matches everything' do
+            is_expected.to eq DataMapper::Query.new(@repository, @model)
+          end
+        end
+
+        describe 'with self having a limit' do
+          before do
+            @query = DataMapper::Query.new(@repository, @model, :limit => 5)
+            @other = DataMapper::Query.new(@repository, @model, :name => 'Dan Kubb')
+
+            @expected = DataMapper::Query::Conditions::Operation.new(:or,
+              DataMapper::Query::Conditions::Comparison.new(:in,  @self_relationship,       @model.all(@query.merge(:fields => @key))),
+              DataMapper::Query::Conditions::Comparison.new(:eql, @model.properties[:name], 'Dan Kubb')
+            )
+          end
+
+          it { is_expected.not_to equal(@query) }
+
+          it { is_expected.not_to equal(@other) }
+
+          it 'puts each query into a subquery and OR them together' do
+            expect(subject.conditions).to eq= @expected
+          end
+        end
+
+        describe 'with other having a limit' do
+          before do
+            @query = DataMapper::Query.new(@repository, @model, :name => 'Dan Kubb')
+            @other = DataMapper::Query.new(@repository, @model, :limit => 5)
+
+            @expected = DataMapper::Query::Conditions::Operation.new(:or,
+              DataMapper::Query::Conditions::Comparison.new(:eql, @model.properties[:name], 'Dan Kubb'),
+              DataMapper::Query::Conditions::Comparison.new(:in,  @self_relationship,       @model.all(@other.merge(:fields => @key)))
+            )
+          end
+
+          it { is_expected.not_to equal(@query) }
+
+          it { is_expected.not_to equal(@other) }
+
+          it 'puts each query into a subquery and OR them together' do
+            expect(subject.conditions).to eq @expected
+          end
+        end
+
+        describe 'with self having an offset > 0' do
+          before do
+            @query = DataMapper::Query.new(@repository, @model, :offset => 5, :limit => 5)
+            @other = DataMapper::Query.new(@repository, @model, :name => 'Dan Kubb')
+
+            @expected = DataMapper::Query::Conditions::Operation.new(:or,
+              DataMapper::Query::Conditions::Comparison.new(:in,  @self_relationship,       @model.all(@query.merge(:fields => @key))),
+              DataMapper::Query::Conditions::Comparison.new(:eql, @model.properties[:name], 'Dan Kubb')
+            )
+          end
+
+          it { is_expected.not_to equal(@query) }
+
+          it { is_expected.not_to equal(@other) }
+
+          it 'puts each query into a subquery and OR them together' do
+            expect(subject.conditions).to eq @expected
+          end
+        end
+
+        describe 'with other having an offset > 0' do
+          before do
+            @query = DataMapper::Query.new(@repository, @model, :name => 'Dan Kubb')
+            @other = DataMapper::Query.new(@repository, @model, :offset => 5, :limit => 5)
+
+            @expected = DataMapper::Query::Conditions::Operation.new(:or,
+              DataMapper::Query::Conditions::Comparison.new(:eql, @model.properties[:name], 'Dan Kubb'),
+              DataMapper::Query::Conditions::Comparison.new(:in,  @self_relationship,        @model.all(@other.merge(:fields => @key)))
+            )
+          end
+
+          it { is_expected.not_to equal(@query) }
+
+          it { is_expected.not_to equal(@other) }
+
+          it 'puts each query into a subquery and OR them together' do
+            expect(subject.conditions).to eq @expected
+          end
+        end
+
+        describe 'with self having links' do
+          before :all do
+            @do_adapter = defined?(DataMapper::Adapters::DataObjectsAdapter) && @adapter.kind_of?(DataMapper::Adapters::DataObjectsAdapter)
+          end
+
+          before do
+            @query = DataMapper::Query.new(@repository, @model, :links => [ :referrer ])
+            @other = DataMapper::Query.new(@repository, @model, :name => 'Dan Kubb')
+
+            @expected = DataMapper::Query::Conditions::Operation.new(:or,
+              DataMapper::Query::Conditions::Comparison.new(:in,  @self_relationship,       @model.all(@query.merge(:fields => @key))),
+              DataMapper::Query::Conditions::Comparison.new(:eql, @model.properties[:name], 'Dan Kubb')
+            )
+          end
+
+          it { is_expected.not_to equal(@query) }
+
+          it { is_expected.not_to equal(@other) }
+
+          it 'puts each query into a subquery and OR them together' do
+            expect(subject.conditions).to eq @expected
+          end
+        end
+
+        describe 'with other having links' do
+          before :all do
+            @do_adapter = defined?(DataMapper::Adapters::DataObjectsAdapter) && @adapter.kind_of?(DataMapper::Adapters::DataObjectsAdapter)
+          end
+
+          before do
+            @query = DataMapper::Query.new(@repository, @model, :name => 'Dan Kubb')
+            @other = DataMapper::Query.new(@repository, @model, :links => [ :referrer ])
+
+            @expected = DataMapper::Query::Conditions::Operation.new(:or,
+              DataMapper::Query::Conditions::Comparison.new(:eql, @model.properties[:name], 'Dan Kubb'),
+              DataMapper::Query::Conditions::Comparison.new(:in,  @self_relationship,       @model.all(@other.merge(:fields => @key)))
+            )
+          end
+
+          it { is_expected.not_to equal(@query) }
+
+          it { is_expected.not_to equal(@other) }
+
+          it 'puts each query into a subquery and OR them together' do
+            expect(subject.conditions).to eq @expected
+          end
+        end
+
+        describe 'with different conditions, no links/offset/limit' do
+          before do
+            property = @model.properties[:name]
+
+            @query = DataMapper::Query.new(@repository, @model, property.name => 'Dan Kubb')
+            @other = DataMapper::Query.new(@repository, @model, property.name => 'John Doe')
+
+            expect(@query.conditions).not_to eq @other.conditions
+
+            @expected = DataMapper::Query::Conditions::Operation.new(:or,
+              DataMapper::Query::Conditions::Comparison.new(:eql, property, 'Dan Kubb'),
+              DataMapper::Query::Conditions::Comparison.new(:eql, property, 'John Doe')
+            )
+          end
+
+          it { is_expected.to be_kind_of(DataMapper::Query) }
+
+          it { is_expected.not_to equal(@query) }
+
+          it { is_expected.not_to equal(@other) }
+
+          it "OR's the conditions together" do
+            expect(subject.conditions).to eq @expected
+          end
+        end
+
+        describe 'with different fields' do
+          before do
+            @property = @model.properties[:name]
+
+            @query = DataMapper::Query.new(@repository, @model)
+            @other = DataMapper::Query.new(@repository, @model, :fields => [ @property ])
+
+            expect(@query.fields).not_to eq @other.fields
+          end
+
+          it { is_expected.to be_kind_of(DataMapper::Query) }
+
+          it { is_expected.not_to equal(@query) }
+
+          it { is_expected.not_to equal(@other) }
+
+          it { expect(subject.conditions).to be_nil }
+
+          it 'uses the other fields' do
+            expect(subject.fields).to eq [ @property ]
+          end
+        end
+
+        describe 'with different order' do
+          before do
+            @property = @model.properties[:name]
+
+            @query = DataMapper::Query.new(@repository, @model)
+            @other = DataMapper::Query.new(@repository, @model, :order => [ DataMapper::Query::Direction.new(@property, :desc) ])
+
+            expect(@query.order).not_to eq @other.order
+          end
+
+          it { is_expected.to be_kind_of(DataMapper::Query) }
+
+          it { is_expected.not_to equal(@query) }
+
+          it { is_expected.not_to equal(@other) }
+
+          it { expect(subject.conditions).to be_nil }
+
+          it 'uses the other order' do
+            expect(subject.order).to eq [ DataMapper::Query::Direction.new(@property, :desc) ]
+          end
+        end
+
+        describe 'with different unique' do
+          before do
+            @query = DataMapper::Query.new(@repository, @model)
+            @other = DataMapper::Query.new(@repository, @model, :unique => true)
+
+            expect(@query.unique?).not_to eq @other.unique?
+          end
+
+          it { is_expected.to be_kind_of(DataMapper::Query) }
+
+          it { is_expected.not_to equal(@query) }
+
+          it { is_expected.not_to equal(@other) }
+
+          it { expect(subject.conditions).to be_nil }
+
+          it 'uses the other unique' do
+            expect(subject.unique?).to eq true
+          end
+        end
+
+        describe 'with different add_reversed' do
+          before do
+            @query = DataMapper::Query.new(@repository, @model)
+            @other = DataMapper::Query.new(@repository, @model, :add_reversed => true)
+
+            expect(@query.add_reversed?).not_to eq @other.add_reversed?
+          end
+
+          it { is_expected.to be_kind_of(DataMapper::Query) }
+
+          it { is_expected.not_to equal(@query) }
+
+          it { is_expected.not_to equal(@other) }
+
+          it { expect(subject.conditions).to be_nil }
+
+          it 'uses the other add_reversed' do
+            expect(subject.add_reversed?).to eq true
+          end
+        end
+
+        describe 'with different reload' do
+          before do
+            @query = DataMapper::Query.new(@repository, @model)
+            @other = DataMapper::Query.new(@repository, @model, :reload => true)
+
+            expect(@query.reload?).not_to eq @other.reload?
+          end
+
+          it { is_expected.to be_kind_of(DataMapper::Query) }
+
+          it { is_expected.not_to equal(@query) }
+
+          it { is_expected.not_to equal(@other) }
+
+          it { expect(subject.conditions).to be_nil }
+
+          it 'uses the other reload' do
+            expect(subject.reload?).to eq true
+          end
+        end
+
+        describe 'with different models' do
+          before { @other = DataMapper::Query.new(@repository, Other) }
+
+          it { expect { method(:subject) }.to raise_error(ArgumentError) }
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  it { is_expected.to respond_to(:unique?) }
+
+  describe '#unique?' do
+    describe 'when the query is unique' do
+      before :all do
+        @query.update(:unique => true)
+      end
+
+      it { is_expected.to be_unique }
+    end
+
+    describe 'when the query is not unique' do
+      it { is_expected.not_to be_unique }
+    end
+
+    describe 'when links are provided, but unique is not specified' do
+      before :all do
+        expect(@query).not_to be_unique
+        @query.update(:links => [ :referrer ])
+      end
+
+      it { is_expected.to be_unique }
+    end
+
+    describe 'when links are provided, but unique is false' do
+      before :all do
+        expect(@query).not_to be_unique
+        @query.update(:links => [ :referrer ], :unique => false)
+      end
+
+      it { is_expected.not_to be_unique }
+    end
+  end
+
+  it { is_expected.to respond_to(:update) }
+
+  describe '#update' do
+    describe 'with a Query' do
+      describe 'that is equivalent' do
+        before :all do
+          @other = DataMapper::Query.new(@repository, @model, @options)
+
+          @return = @query.update(@other)
+        end
+
+        it { expect(@return).to be_kind_of(DataMapper::Query) }
+
+        it { expect(@return).to equal(@original) }
+      end
+
+      describe 'that has conditions set' do
+        before :all do
+          @and_operation = DataMapper::Query::Conditions::Operation.new(:and)
+          @or_operation  = DataMapper::Query::Conditions::Operation.new(:or)
+
+          @and_operation << DataMapper::Query::Conditions::Comparison.new(:eql, User.properties[:name],       'Dan Kubb')
+          @and_operation << DataMapper::Query::Conditions::Comparison.new(:eql, User.properties[:citizenship],'Canada')
+
+          @or_operation << DataMapper::Query::Conditions::Comparison.new(:eql, User.properties[:name],        'Ted Han')
+          @or_operation << DataMapper::Query::Conditions::Comparison.new(:eql, User.properties[:citizenship], 'USA')
+
+          @query_one = DataMapper::Query.new(@repository, @model, :conditions => @and_operation)
+          @query_two = DataMapper::Query.new(@repository, @model, :conditions => @or_operation)
+
+          @conditions = @query_one.merge(@query_two).conditions
+        end
+
+        it { expect(@conditions).to eq DataMapper::Query::Conditions::Operation.new(:and, @and_operation, @or_operation) }
+      end
+
+      describe 'that is for an ancestor model' do
+        before :all do
+          class ::Contact < User; end
+
+          @query    = DataMapper::Query.new(@repository, Contact, @options)
+          @original = @query
+
+          @other = DataMapper::Query.new(@repository, User,    @options)
+
+          @return = @query.update(@other)
+        end
+
+        it { expect(@return).to be_kind_of(DataMapper::Query) }
+
+        it { expect(@return).to equal(@original) }
+      end
+
+      describe 'using a different repository' do
+        it 'raises an exception' do
+          expect {
+            @query.update(DataMapper::Query.new(DataMapper::Repository.new(:other), User))
+          }.to raise_error(ArgumentError, '+other+ DataMapper::Query must be for the default repository, not other')
+        end
+      end
+
+      describe 'using a different model' do
+        before :all do
+          class ::Clone
+            include DataMapper::Resource
+
+            property :name, String, :key => true
+          end
+        end
+
+        it 'raises an exception' do
+          expect {
+            @query.update(DataMapper::Query.new(@repository, Clone))
+          }.to raise_error(ArgumentError, '+other+ DataMapper::Query must be for the User model, not Clone')
+        end
+      end
+
+      describe 'using different options' do
+        before :all do
+          @other = DataMapper::Query.new(@repository, @model, @options.update(@other_options))
+
+          @return = @query.update(@other)
+        end
+
+        it { expect(@return).to be_kind_of(DataMapper::Query) }
+
+        it { expect(@return).to equal(@original) }
+
+        it 'updates the fields' do
+          expect(@return.fields).to eq @options[:fields]
+        end
+
+        it 'updates the links' do
+          expect(@return.links).to eq @options[:links]
+        end
+
+        it 'updates the conditions' do
+          expect(@return.conditions).to eq DataMapper::Query::Conditions::Operation.new(:and, [ 'name = ?', [ 'Dan Kubb' ] ])
+        end
+
+        it 'updates the offset' do
+          expect(@return.offset).to eq @options[:offset]
+        end
+
+        it 'updates the limit' do
+          expect(@return.limit).to eq @options[:limit]
+        end
+
+        it 'updates the order' do
+          expect(@return.order).to eq @options[:order]
+        end
+
+        it 'updates the unique' do
+          expect(@return.unique?).to eq @options[:unique]
+        end
+
+        it 'updates the add_reversed' do
+          expect(@return.add_reversed?).to eq @options[:add_reversed]
+        end
+
+        it 'updates the reload' do
+          expect(@return.reload?).to eq @options[:reload]
+        end
+      end
+
+      describe 'using extra options' do
+        before :all do
+          @options.update(:name => 'Dan Kubb')
+          @other = DataMapper::Query.new(@repository, @model, @options)
+
+          @return = @query.update(@other)
+        end
+
+        it { expect(@return).to be_kind_of(DataMapper::Query) }
+
+        it { expect(@return).to equal(@original) }
+
+        it 'updates the conditions' do
+          expect(@return.conditions).to eq
+            DataMapper::Query::Conditions::Operation.new(
+              :and,
+              DataMapper::Query::Conditions::Comparison.new(
+                :eql,
+                @model.properties[:name],
+                @options[:name]
+              )
+            )
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    describe 'with a Hash' do
+      describe 'that is empty' do
+        before :all do
+          @copy = @query.dup
+          @return = @query.update({})
+        end
+
+        it { expect(@returni).to be_kind_of(DataMapper::Query) }
+
+        it { expect(@return).to equal(@original) }
+
+        it 'does not change the Query' do
+          expect(@return).to eq @copy
+        end
+      end
+
+      describe 'using different options' do
+        before :all do
+          @return = @query.update(@other_options)
+        end
+
+        it { expect(@return).to be_kind_of(DataMapper::Query) }
+
+        it { expect(@return).to equal(@original) }
+
+        it 'updates the fields' do
+          expect(@return.fields).to eq @other_options[:fields]
+        end
+
+        it 'updates the links' do
+          expect(@return.links).to eq @other_options[:links]
+        end
+
+        it 'updates the conditions' do
+          expect(@return.conditions).to eq DataMapper::Query::Conditions::Operation.new(:and, [ 'name = ?', [ 'Dan Kubb' ] ])
+        end
+
+        it 'updates the offset' do
+          expect(@return.offset).to eq @other_options[:offset]
+        end
+
+        it 'updates the limit' do
+          expect(@return.limit).to eq @other_options[:limit]
+        end
+
+        it 'updates the order' do
+          expect(@return.order).to eq @other_options[:order]
+        end
+
+        it 'updates the unique' do
+          expect(@return.unique?).to eq @other_options[:unique]
+        end
+
+        it 'updates the add_reversed' do
+          expect(@return.add_reversed?).to eq @other_options[:add_reversed]
+        end
+
+        it 'updates the reload' do
+          expect(@return.reload?).to eq @other_options[:reload]
+        end
+      end
+
+      describe 'using extra options' do
+        before :all do
+          @options = { :name => 'Dan Kubb' }
+
+          @return = @query.update(@options)
+        end
+
+        it { expect(@return).to be_kind_of(DataMapper::Query) }
+
+        it { expect(@return).to equal(@original) }
+
+        it 'updates the conditions' do
+          expect(@return.conditions).to eq DataMapper::Query::Conditions::Operation.new(
+            :and,
+            DataMapper::Query::Conditions::Comparison.new(
+              :eql,
+              @model.properties[:name],
+              @options[:name]
+            )
+          )
+        end
+      end
+
+      describe 'using raw conditions' do
+        before :all do
+          @query.update(:conditions => [ 'name IS NOT NULL' ])
+
+          @return = @query.update(:conditions => [ 'name = ?', 'Dan Kubb' ])
+        end
+
+        it { expect(@return).to be_kind_of(DataMapper::Query) }
+
+        it { expect(@return).to equal(@original) }
+
+        it 'updates the conditions' do
+          expect(@return.conditions).to eq DataMapper::Query::Conditions::Operation.new(
+            :and,
+            [ 'name IS NOT NULL' ],
+            [ 'name = ?', [ 'Dan Kubb' ] ]
+          )
+        end
+      end
+
+      describe 'with the String key mapping to a Query::Path' do
+        before :all do
+          expect(@query.links).to be_empty
+
+          @options = { 'grandparents.name' => 'Dan Kubb' }
+
+          @return = @query.update(@options)
+        end
+
+        it { expect(@return).to be_kind_of(DataMapper::Query) }
+
+        xit 'does not set the conditions' do
+          expect(@return.conditions).to be_nil
+        end
+
+        it 'sets the links' do
+          expect(@return.links).to eq [ @model.relationships[:referrals], @model.relationships[:referrer] ]
+        end
+
+        it 'is valid' do
+          expect(@return).to be_valid
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end