sapor 0.3.3

data/spec/unit/denmark_spec.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+#
+# Statistical Analysis of Polling Results (SAPoR)
+# Copyright (C) 2016 Filip van Laenen <f.a.vanlaenen@ieee.org>
+#
+# This file is part of SAPoR.
+#
+# SAPoR is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
+# terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
+# Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later
+# version.
+#
+# SAPoR is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
+# WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR
+# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License for more details.
+#
+# You can find a copy of the GNU General Public License in /doc/gpl.txt
+#
+
+require 'spec_helper'
+
+describe Sapor::Denmark, '#area_code' do
+  it 'returns DK as the area code' do
+    expect(Sapor::Denmark.instance.area_code).to eq('DK')
+  end
+end
+
+describe Sapor::Denmark, '#no_of_seats' do
+  it 'returns 179 as the number of seats' do
+    expect(Sapor::Denmark.instance.no_of_seats).to eq(175)
+  end
+end
+
+describe Sapor::Denmark, '#population_size' do
+  it 'returns a population size of 3,518,987' do
+    expect(Sapor::Denmark.instance.population_size).to eq(3_518_987)
+  end
+end
+
+describe Sapor::Denmark, '#seats' do
+  it 'calculates the number of seats for the election of 2015 correctly' do
+    Denmark = Sapor::Denmark.instance
+    results = Denmark.overall_election_results_of_2015
+    seats = Denmark.seats(results)
+    expect(seats['Socialdemokraterne']).to eq(47 - 2)
+    expect(seats['Dansk Folkeparti']).to eq(37 - 1)
+    expect(seats['Venstre']).to eq(34 - 1)
+    expect(seats['Enhedslisten–De Rød-Grønne']).to eq(14 - 1)
+    expect(seats['Liberal Alliance']).to eq(13)
+    expect(seats['Alternativet']).to eq(9 - 1)
+    expect(seats['Radikale Venstre']).to eq(8)
+    expect(seats['Socialistisk Folkeparti']).to eq(7)
+    expect(seats['Det Konservative Folkeparti']).to eq(6)
+    expect(seats['Nye Borgerlige']).to eq(6)
+    expect(seats['Kristendemokraterne']).to eq(0)
+  end
+end

data/spec/unit/denmark_with_e_and_p_spec.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+#
+# Statistical Analysis of Polling Results (SAPoR)
+# Copyright (C) 2016 Filip van Laenen <f.a.vanlaenen@ieee.org>
+#
+# This file is part of SAPoR.
+#
+# SAPoR is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
+# terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
+# Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later
+# version.
+#
+# SAPoR is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
+# WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR
+# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License for more details.
+#
+# You can find a copy of the GNU General Public License in /doc/gpl.txt
+#
+
+require 'spec_helper'
+
+describe Sapor::DenmarkWithEAndP, '#area_code' do
+  it 'returns DK∪{E,P} as the area code' do
+    expect(Sapor::DenmarkWithEAndP.instance.area_code).to eq('DK∪{E,P}')
+  end
+end
+
+describe Sapor::DenmarkWithEAndP, '#no_of_seats' do
+  it 'returns 179 as the number of seats' do
+    expect(Sapor::DenmarkWithEAndP.instance.no_of_seats).to eq(175)
+  end
+end
+
+describe Sapor::DenmarkWithEAndP, '#population_size' do
+  it 'returns a population size of 3,518,987' do
+    expect(Sapor::DenmarkWithEAndP.instance.population_size).to eq(3_518_987)
+  end
+end
+
+describe Sapor::DenmarkWithEAndP, '#seats' do
+  it 'calculates the number of seats for the election of 2015 correctly' do
+    Denmark = Sapor::DenmarkWithEAndP.instance
+    results = Denmark.overall_election_results_of_2015
+    seats = Denmark.seats(results)
+    expect(seats['Socialdemokraterne']).to eq(37)
+    expect(seats['Dansk Folkeparti']).to eq(29)
+    expect(seats['Venstre']).to eq(27)
+    expect(seats['Klaus Riskær Pedersen']).to eq(27)
+    expect(seats['Enhedslisten–De Rød-Grønne']).to eq(11)
+    expect(seats['Liberal Alliance']).to eq(10)
+    expect(seats['Alternativet']).to eq(7)
+    expect(seats['Radikale Venstre']).to eq(6)
+    expect(seats['Socialistisk Folkeparti']).to eq(6)
+    expect(seats['Det Konservative Folkeparti']).to eq(5)
+    expect(seats['Nye Borgerlige']).to eq(5)
+    expect(seats['Stram Kurs']).to eq(5)
+    expect(seats['Kristendemokraterne']).to eq(0)
+  end
+end

data/spec/unit/denmark_with_e_spec.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+#
+# Statistical Analysis of Polling Results (SAPoR)
+# Copyright (C) 2016 Filip van Laenen <f.a.vanlaenen@ieee.org>
+#
+# This file is part of SAPoR.
+#
+# SAPoR is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
+# terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
+# Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later
+# version.
+#
+# SAPoR is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
+# WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR
+# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License for more details.
+#
+# You can find a copy of the GNU General Public License in /doc/gpl.txt
+#
+
+require 'spec_helper'
+
+describe Sapor::DenmarkWithE, '#area_code' do
+  it 'returns DK∪{E} as the area code' do
+    expect(Sapor::DenmarkWithE.instance.area_code).to eq('DK∪{E}')
+  end
+end
+
+describe Sapor::DenmarkWithE, '#no_of_seats' do
+  it 'returns 179 as the number of seats' do
+    expect(Sapor::DenmarkWithE.instance.no_of_seats).to eq(175)
+  end
+end
+
+describe Sapor::DenmarkWithE, '#population_size' do
+  it 'returns a population size of 3,518,987' do
+    expect(Sapor::DenmarkWithE.instance.population_size).to eq(3_518_987)
+  end
+end
+
+describe Sapor::DenmarkWithE, '#seats' do
+  it 'calculates the number of seats for the election of 2015 correctly' do
+    Denmark = Sapor::DenmarkWithE.instance
+    results = Denmark.overall_election_results_of_2015
+    seats = Denmark.seats(results)
+    expect(seats['Socialdemokraterne']).to eq(38)
+    expect(seats['Dansk Folkeparti']).to eq(30)
+    expect(seats['Venstre']).to eq(28)
+    expect(seats['Klaus Riskær Pedersen']).to eq(28)
+    expect(seats['Enhedslisten–De Rød-Grønne']).to eq(11)
+    expect(seats['Liberal Alliance']).to eq(11)
+    expect(seats['Alternativet']).to eq(7)
+    expect(seats['Radikale Venstre']).to eq(6)
+    expect(seats['Socialistisk Folkeparti']).to eq(6)
+    expect(seats['Det Konservative Folkeparti']).to eq(5)
+    expect(seats['Nye Borgerlige']).to eq(5)
+    expect(seats['Kristendemokraterne']).to eq(0)
+  end
+end

data/spec/unit/denmark_with_p_spec.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+#
+# Statistical Analysis of Polling Results (SAPoR)
+# Copyright (C) 2016 Filip van Laenen <f.a.vanlaenen@ieee.org>
+#
+# This file is part of SAPoR.
+#
+# SAPoR is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
+# terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
+# Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later
+# version.
+#
+# SAPoR is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
+# WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR
+# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License for more details.
+#
+# You can find a copy of the GNU General Public License in /doc/gpl.txt
+#
+
+require 'spec_helper'
+
+describe Sapor::DenmarkWithP, '#area_code' do
+  it 'returns DK∪{P} as the area code' do
+    expect(Sapor::DenmarkWithP.instance.area_code).to eq('DK∪{P}')
+  end
+end
+
+describe Sapor::DenmarkWithP, '#no_of_seats' do
+  it 'returns 179 as the number of seats' do
+    expect(Sapor::DenmarkWithP.instance.no_of_seats).to eq(175)
+  end
+end
+
+describe Sapor::DenmarkWithP, '#population_size' do
+  it 'returns a population size of 3,518,987' do
+    expect(Sapor::DenmarkWithP.instance.population_size).to eq(3_518_987)
+  end
+end
+
+describe Sapor::DenmarkWithP, '#seats' do
+  it 'calculates the number of seats for the election of 2015 correctly' do
+    Denmark = Sapor::DenmarkWithP.instance
+    results = Denmark.overall_election_results_of_2015
+    seats = Denmark.seats(results)
+    expect(seats['Socialdemokraterne']).to eq(43)
+    expect(seats['Dansk Folkeparti']).to eq(35)
+    expect(seats['Venstre']).to eq(32)
+    expect(seats['Enhedslisten–De Rød-Grønne']).to eq(13)
+    expect(seats['Liberal Alliance']).to eq(12)
+    expect(seats['Alternativet']).to eq(8)
+    expect(seats['Radikale Venstre']).to eq(8)
+    expect(seats['Socialistisk Folkeparti']).to eq(7)
+    expect(seats['Det Konservative Folkeparti']).to eq(6)
+    expect(seats['Nye Borgerlige']).to eq(6)
+    expect(seats['Stram Kurs']).to eq(5)
+    expect(seats['Kristendemokraterne']).to eq(0)
+  end
+end

data/spec/unit/denominators_spec.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+#
+# Statistical Analysis of Polling Results (SAPoR)
+# Copyright (C) 2016 Filip van Laenen <f.a.vanlaenen@ieee.org>
+#
+# This file is part of SAPoR.
+#
+# SAPoR is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
+# terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
+# Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later
+# version.
+#
+# SAPoR is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
+# WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR
+# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License for more details.
+#
+# You can find a copy of the GNU General Public License in /doc/gpl.txt
+#
+
+require 'spec_helper'
+
+describe Sapor::DhondtDenominators, '#get' do
+  it 'returns [1, 2, 3, 4, 5] as the five first elements' do
+    denominators = Sapor::DhondtDenominators.get(5).each.to_a
+    expect(denominators).to eq([1, 2, 3, 4, 5])
+  end
+end
+
+describe Sapor::SainteLague12Denominators, '#get' do
+  it 'returns [1.2, 3, 5, 7, 9] as the five first elements' do
+    denominators = Sapor::SainteLague12Denominators.get(5).each.to_a
+    expect(denominators).to eq([1.2, 3, 5, 7, 9])
+  end
+end
+
+describe Sapor::SainteLague14Denominators, '#get' do
+  it 'returns [1.4, 3, 5, 7, 9] as the five first elements' do
+    denominators = Sapor::SainteLague14Denominators.get(5).each.to_a
+    expect(denominators).to eq([1.4, 3, 5, 7, 9])
+  end
+end

data/spec/unit/dichotomies_spec.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,154 @@
+# encoding: utf-8
+#
+# Statistical Analysis of Polling Results (SAPoR)
+# Copyright (C) 2016 Filip van Laenen <f.a.vanlaenen@ieee.org>
+#
+# This file is part of SAPoR.
+#
+# SAPoR is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
+# terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
+# Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later
+# version.
+#
+# SAPoR is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
+# WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR
+# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License for more details.
+#
+# You can find a copy of the GNU General Public License in /doc/gpl.txt
+#
+
+require 'spec_helper'
+
+SAMPLE_RESULTS = { 'Red' => 1, 'Green' => 2, 'Blue' => 3, 'Other' => 1 }
+SAMPLE_POPULATION_SIZE = 1_000_000
+
+describe Sapor::Dichotomies, '#confidence_interval_values' do
+  it 'returns the confidence interval values' do
+    dichotomies = Sapor::Dichotomies.new(SAMPLE_RESULTS,
+                                         SAMPLE_POPULATION_SIZE)
+    expect(dichotomies.confidence_interval_values('Red', 0.95)).to \
+      eq([500_000])
+  end
+
+  it 'returns the non-default confidence interval values' do
+    dichotomies = Sapor::Dichotomies.new(SAMPLE_RESULTS,
+                                         SAMPLE_POPULATION_SIZE)
+    dichotomies.refine
+    expect(dichotomies.confidence_interval_values('Red', 0.9999).sort).to \
+      eq([166_667, 500_000, 833_333])
+  end
+end
+
+describe Sapor::Dichotomies, '#error_estimate' do
+  it 'returns the largest error estimate of the underlying Dichotomy ' \
+     'objects' do
+    dichotomies = Sapor::Dichotomies.new(SAMPLE_RESULTS,
+                                         SAMPLE_POPULATION_SIZE)
+    expect(dichotomies.error_estimate).to eq(1)
+  end
+end
+
+describe Sapor::Dichotomies, '#progress_report' do
+  it 'reports progress as 1 data point by default' do
+    dichotomies = Sapor::Dichotomies.new(SAMPLE_RESULTS,
+                                         SAMPLE_POPULATION_SIZE)
+    expect(dichotomies.progress_report).to eq('Number of data points: 1.')
+  end
+
+  it 'reports progress as 3 data points after the first refinement' do
+    dichotomies = Sapor::Dichotomies.new(SAMPLE_RESULTS,
+                                         SAMPLE_POPULATION_SIZE)
+    dichotomies.refine
+    expect(dichotomies.progress_report).to eq('Number of data points: 3.')
+  end
+end
+
+describe Sapor::Dichotomies, '#report' do
+  it 'produces a report by default for short choice labels' do
+    dichotomies = Sapor::Dichotomies.new(SAMPLE_RESULTS,
+                                         SAMPLE_POPULATION_SIZE)
+    expected_report = 'Most probable fractions and 95% confidence ' \
+                      "intervals:\n" \
+                      "Choice    MPF      CI(95%)\n" \
+                      "Blue     50.0%    0.0%–100.0%\n" \
+                      "Green    50.0%    0.0%–100.0%\n" \
+                      "Red      50.0%    0.0%–100.0%\n" \
+                      'Other    50.0%    0.0%–100.0%'
+    expect(dichotomies.report).to eq(expected_report)
+  end
+
+  it 'produces a report by default for long choice labels' do
+    dichotomies = Sapor::Dichotomies.new({ 'Dark Red' => 1,
+                                           'Light Green' => 2,
+                                           'Medium Blue' => 3, 'Other' => 1 },
+                                         SAMPLE_POPULATION_SIZE)
+    expected_report = 'Most probable fractions and 95% confidence ' \
+                      "intervals:\n" \
+                      "Choice         MPF      CI(95%)\n" \
+                      "Dark Red      50.0%    0.0%–100.0%\n" \
+                      "Light Green   50.0%    0.0%–100.0%\n" \
+                      "Medium Blue   50.0%    0.0%–100.0%\n" \
+                      'Other         50.0%    0.0%–100.0%'
+    expect(dichotomies.report).to eq(expected_report)
+  end
+
+  it 'produces a report after the first refinement' do
+    dichotomies = Sapor::Dichotomies.new(SAMPLE_RESULTS,
+                                         SAMPLE_POPULATION_SIZE)
+    dichotomies.refine
+    expected_report = 'Most probable fractions and 95% confidence ' \
+                      "intervals:\n" \
+                      "Choice    MPF      CI(95%)\n" \
+                      "Blue     50.0%    0.0%–100.0%\n" \
+                      "Green    16.7%    0.0%– 66.7%\n" \
+                      "Red      16.7%    0.0%– 66.7%\n" \
+                      'Other    16.7%    0.0%– 66.7%'
+    expect(dichotomies.report).to eq(expected_report)
+  end
+
+  it 'sorts the choices according to MPV' do
+    dichotomies = Sapor::Dichotomies.new({ 'Red' => 3, 'Green' => 2,
+                                           'Blue' => 1, 'Other' => 1 },
+                                         SAMPLE_POPULATION_SIZE)
+    dichotomies.refine
+    expected_report = 'Most probable fractions and 95% confidence ' \
+                      "intervals:\n" \
+                      "Choice    MPF      CI(95%)\n" \
+                      "Red      50.0%    0.0%–100.0%\n" \
+                      "Blue     16.7%    0.0%– 66.7%\n" \
+                      "Green    16.7%    0.0%– 66.7%\n" \
+                      'Other    16.7%    0.0%– 66.7%'
+    expect(dichotomies.report).to eq(expected_report)
+  end
+
+  it "puts Other on the last line, even if it's listed first and largest" do
+    dichotomies = Sapor::Dichotomies.new({ 'Other' => 4, 'Red' => 1,
+                                           'Green' => 2, 'Blue' => 3 },
+                                         SAMPLE_POPULATION_SIZE)
+    dichotomies.refine
+    expected_report = 'Most probable fractions and 95% confidence ' \
+                      "intervals:\n" \
+                      "Choice    MPF      CI(95%)\n" \
+                      "Blue     16.7%    0.0%– 66.7%\n" \
+                      "Green    16.7%    0.0%– 66.7%\n" \
+                      "Red      16.7%    0.0%– 66.7%\n" \
+                      'Other    50.0%    0.0%– 66.7%'
+    expect(dichotomies.report).to eq(expected_report)
+  end
+
+  it 'includes threshold probabilities when a threshold provided' do
+    dichotomies = Sapor::Dichotomies.new(SAMPLE_RESULTS,
+                                         SAMPLE_POPULATION_SIZE,
+                                         0.15)
+    dichotomies.refine
+    dichotomies.refine
+    expected_report = 'Most probable fractions and 95% confidence ' \
+                      "intervals:\n" \
+                      "Choice    MPF      CI(95%)     P(≥15%)\n" \
+                      "Blue     38.9%   11.1%– 77.8%   99.6%\n" \
+                      "Green    27.8%    0.0%– 66.7%   95.7%\n" \
+                      "Red      16.7%    0.0%– 55.6%   76.1%\n" \
+                      'Other    16.7%    0.0%– 55.6%   76.1%'
+    expect(dichotomies.report).to eq(expected_report)
+  end
+end

data/spec/unit/dichotomy_spec.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,320 @@
+# encoding: utf-8
+#
+# Statistical Analysis of Polling Results (SAPoR)
+# Copyright (C) 2016 Filip van Laenen <f.a.vanlaenen@ieee.org>
+#
+# This file is part of SAPoR.
+#
+# SAPoR is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
+# terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
+# Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later
+# version.
+#
+# SAPoR is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
+# WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR
+# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License for more details.
+#
+# You can find a copy of the GNU General Public License in /doc/gpl.txt
+#
+
+require 'spec_helper'
+
+def dichotomy_of_eight
+  Sapor::Dichotomy.new(2, 5, 8)
+end
+
+def dichotomy_of_nine
+  Sapor::Dichotomy.new(2, 5, 9)
+end
+
+def dichotomy_of_thousand
+  Sapor::Dichotomy.new(2, 5, 1000)
+end
+
+def dichotomy_of_nine_hundred_ninety_nine
+  Sapor::Dichotomy.new(2, 5, 999)
+end
+
+describe Sapor::Dichotomy, '#new' do
+  it 'creates an array with a value at 50% of the population size' do
+    expect(dichotomy_of_eight.values).to eq([4])
+  end
+
+  it 'creates an array with a value at 50% of the population size' \
+     ' (rounding)' do
+    expect(dichotomy_of_nine.values).to eq([4])
+  end
+
+  it 'creates an array with a combination for 50% of the population size' do
+    expect(dichotomy_of_eight.combinations(4)).to eq(24.to_lf)
+  end
+end
+
+describe Sapor::Dichotomy, '#confidence_interval' do
+  it 'returns [0%, 100%] after new for default level 95%' do
+    expect(dichotomy_of_eight.confidence_interval).to eq([0.0, 1.0])
+  end
+
+  it 'returns the default 95% confidence interval after one refinement' do
+    dichotomy = Sapor::Dichotomy.new(20, 50, 80)
+    dichotomy.refine
+    expect(dichotomy.confidence_interval).to eq([0.3375, 0.6625])
+  end
+
+  it 'returns the default 95% confidence interval after three refinements' do
+    dichotomy = dichotomy_of_thousand
+    dichotomy.refine
+    dichotomy.refine
+    dichotomy.refine
+    expect(dichotomy.confidence_interval).to eq([0.112, 0.777])
+  end
+
+  it 'returns the 80% confidence interval after three refinements' do
+    dichotomy = dichotomy_of_thousand
+    dichotomy.refine
+    dichotomy.refine
+    dichotomy.refine
+    expect(dichotomy.confidence_interval(0.8)).to eq([0.186, 0.666])
+  end
+end
+
+describe Sapor::Dichotomy, '#error_estimate' do
+  it 'is 0 when population size is reached' do
+    dichotomy = dichotomy_of_eight
+    dichotomy.refine
+    dichotomy.refine
+    dichotomy.refine
+    expect(dichotomy.error_estimate).to eq(0)
+  end
+
+  it 'is at least the resolution (no refinement)' do
+    dichotomy = dichotomy_of_eight
+    expect(dichotomy.error_estimate).to eq(1.0)
+  end
+
+  it 'is at least the resolution (one refinement)' do
+    dichotomy = dichotomy_of_eight
+    dichotomy.refine
+    expect(dichotomy.error_estimate).to eq(1.to_f / 3)
+  end
+end
+
+describe Sapor::Dichotomy, '#most_probable_fraction' do
+  it 'returns the fraction of the single value after new' do
+    expect(dichotomy_of_eight.most_probable_fraction).to eq(0.5)
+  end
+
+  it 'returns the one probable value after one refinement' do
+    dichotomy = dichotomy_of_eight
+    dichotomy.refine
+    expect(dichotomy.most_probable_fraction).to eq(0.5)
+  end
+
+  it 'returns the new most probable value after two refinements' do
+    dichotomy = dichotomy_of_eight
+    dichotomy.refine
+    dichotomy.refine
+    expect(dichotomy.most_probable_fraction).to eq(0.375)
+  end
+end
+
+describe Sapor::Dichotomy, '#most_probable_value' do
+  it 'returns the single value after new' do
+    expect(dichotomy_of_eight.most_probable_value).to eq(4)
+  end
+
+  it 'returns the one probable value after one refinement' do
+    dichotomy = dichotomy_of_eight
+    dichotomy.refine
+    expect(dichotomy.most_probable_value).to eq(4)
+  end
+
+  it 'returns the new most probable value after two refinements' do
+    dichotomy = dichotomy_of_eight
+    dichotomy.refine
+    dichotomy.refine
+    expect(dichotomy.most_probable_value).to eq(3)
+  end
+end
+
+describe Sapor::Dichotomy, '#refine' do
+  it 'adds values after one refinement (power of three)' do
+    dichotomy = dichotomy_of_eight
+    dichotomy.refine
+    expect(dichotomy.values.sort).to eq([1, 4, 7])
+  end
+
+  it 'adds values after one refinement (small population)' do
+    dichotomy = dichotomy_of_nine
+    dichotomy.refine
+    expect(dichotomy.values.sort).to eq([1, 4, 7])
+  end
+
+  it 'adds values after one refinement (large population)' do
+    dichotomy = dichotomy_of_thousand
+    dichotomy.refine
+    expect(dichotomy.values.sort).to eq([167, 500, 833])
+  end
+
+  it 'adds values after two refinements (power of three)' do
+    dichotomy = dichotomy_of_eight
+    dichotomy.refine
+    dichotomy.refine
+    expect(dichotomy.values.sort).to eq([0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8])
+  end
+
+  it 'adds values after two refinements (small population)' do
+    dichotomy = dichotomy_of_nine
+    dichotomy.refine
+    dichotomy.refine
+    expect(dichotomy.values.sort).to eq([0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8])
+  end
+
+  it 'adds values after two refinements (small population)' do
+    dichotomy = Sapor::Dichotomy.new(2, 5, 60)
+    dichotomy.refine
+    dichotomy.refine
+    expect(dichotomy.values.sort).to eq([3, 10, 17, 23, 30, 37, 43, 50, 57])
+  end
+
+  it 'adds values after two refinements (large population)' do
+    dichotomy = dichotomy_of_thousand
+    dichotomy.refine
+    dichotomy.refine
+    expect(dichotomy.values.sort).to eq([56, 167, 278, 389, 500, 611, 722, 833,
+                                         944])
+  end
+
+  it "doesn't add values when population size is reached" do
+    dichotomy = dichotomy_of_eight
+    dichotomy.refine
+    dichotomy.refine
+    dichotomy.refine
+    expect(dichotomy.values.sort).to eq([0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8])
+  end
+
+  it 'fills up the values when population size is reached' do
+    dichotomy = dichotomy_of_nine
+    dichotomy.refine
+    dichotomy.refine
+    dichotomy.refine
+    expect(dichotomy.values.sort).to eq([0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9])
+  end
+
+  it 'fills up the values when population size is reached' do
+    dichotomy = Sapor::Dichotomy.new(2, 5, 11)
+    dichotomy.refine
+    dichotomy.refine
+    dichotomy.refine
+    expect(dichotomy.values.sort).to eq([0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11])
+  end
+
+  it 'adds combinations after a refinement' do
+    dichotomy = dichotomy_of_thousand
+    dichotomy.refine
+    expect(dichotomy.combinations(167)).to eq(1_330_493_216_416.to_lf)
+    expect(dichotomy.combinations(833)).to eq(264_177_353_440.to_lf)
+  end
+
+  it 'adds combinations of zero for impossible values' do
+    dichotomy = dichotomy_of_eight
+    dichotomy.refine
+    expect(dichotomy.combinations(1)).to eq(0.to_lf)
+    expect(dichotomy.combinations(7)).to eq(0.to_lf)
+  end
+end
+
+describe Sapor::Dichotomy, '#threshold_probability' do
+  it 'returns 100% after new for a 50% threshold' do
+    expect(dichotomy_of_thousand.threshold_probability(0.5)).to eq(1)
+  end
+
+  it 'returns 0% after new for a 51% threshold' do
+    expect(dichotomy_of_thousand.threshold_probability(0.51)).to eq(0)
+  end
+
+  it 'returns 100% for a 5% threshold after one refinement' do
+    dichotomy = dichotomy_of_thousand
+    dichotomy.refine
+    expect(dichotomy.threshold_probability(0.05)).to eq(1)
+  end
+
+  it 'returns 68% (after rounding) for a 50% threshold after one refinement' do
+    dichotomy = dichotomy_of_thousand
+    dichotomy.refine
+    expect(dichotomy.threshold_probability(0.5).round(2)).to eq(0.68)
+  end
+
+  it 'returns 0% for a 95% threshold after one refinement' do
+    dichotomy = dichotomy_of_thousand
+    dichotomy.refine
+    expect(dichotomy.threshold_probability(0.95)).to eq(0)
+  end
+end
+
+describe Sapor::Dichotomy, '#value_confidence_interval' do
+  it 'returns [0, population_size] values after new for default level 95%' do
+    expect(dichotomy_of_eight.value_confidence_interval).to eq([0, 8])
+  end
+
+  it 'returns [0, population_size] values after new for level 80%' do
+    expect(dichotomy_of_eight.value_confidence_interval(0.8)).to eq([0, 8])
+  end
+
+  it 'returns the value confidence interval after one refinement' do
+    dichotomy = Sapor::Dichotomy.new(20, 50, 80)
+    dichotomy.refine
+    expect(dichotomy.value_confidence_interval).to eq([27, 53])
+  end
+
+  it 'returns the value confidence interval after full refinement' do
+    dichotomy = dichotomy_of_eight
+    dichotomy.refine
+    dichotomy.refine
+    expect(dichotomy.value_confidence_interval).to eq([2, 5])
+  end
+
+  it 'returns the 80% value confidence interval after full refinement' do
+    dichotomy = dichotomy_of_eight
+    dichotomy.refine
+    dichotomy.refine
+    expect(dichotomy.value_confidence_interval(0.8)).to eq([2, 5])
+  end
+
+  it 'returns the value confidence interval after two refinements' do
+    dichotomy = dichotomy_of_thousand
+    dichotomy.refine
+    dichotomy.refine
+    expect(dichotomy.value_confidence_interval).to eq([112, 777])
+  end
+
+  it 'returns the 80% value confidence interval after two refinements' do
+    dichotomy = dichotomy_of_thousand
+    dichotomy.refine
+    dichotomy.refine
+    expect(dichotomy.value_confidence_interval(0.8)).to eq([112, 666])
+  end
+
+  it 'returns the value confidence interval after three refinements' do
+    dichotomy = dichotomy_of_thousand
+    dichotomy.refine
+    dichotomy.refine
+    dichotomy.refine
+    expect(dichotomy.value_confidence_interval).to eq([112, 777])
+  end
+
+  it 'can return a confidence interval starting at 0 after refinements' do
+    dichotomy = Sapor::Dichotomy.new(0, 5, 1000)
+    dichotomy.refine
+    dichotomy.refine
+    expect(dichotomy.value_confidence_interval).to eq([0, 555])
+  end
+
+  it 'can return a confidence interval ending at population size after ' \
+     'refinements' do
+    dichotomy = Sapor::Dichotomy.new(5, 5, 1000)
+    dichotomy.refine
+    dichotomy.refine
+    expect(dichotomy.value_confidence_interval).to eq([445, 1000])
+  end
+end