rubydb 0.1.3 → 0.1.5

data/lib/rubydb/catalog/system_catalog.rb

@@ -1,698 +1,698 @@
-# frozen_string_literal: true
-
-module RubyDB
-  module Catalog
-    # SystemCatalog - maintains internal system tables with real data
-    # This is the PostgreSQL-style system catalog that tracks all database objects
-    class SystemCatalog
-      attr_reader :catalog, :system_tables, :oid_counter
-
-      def initialize(catalog)
-        @catalog = catalog
-        @system_tables = {}
-        @oid_counter = 1000  # Starting OID for system objects
-        @type_oids = {}
-        @rows = {}  # Actual data storage for system tables
-        initialize_system_tables
-        populate
-      end
-
-      def initialize_system_tables
-        # pg_namespace - schemas
-        @system_tables[:pg_namespace] = Table.new("pg_namespace")
-        @system_tables[:pg_namespace].add_column(Column.new("oid", :integer, primary_key: true))
-        @system_tables[:pg_namespace].add_column(Column.new("nspname", :text))
-        @system_tables[:pg_namespace].add_column(Column.new("nspowner", :integer))
-        @system_tables[:pg_namespace].add_column(Column.new("nspcreated", :timestamp))
-
-        # pg_class - tables, views, indexes, sequences
-        @system_tables[:pg_class] = Table.new("pg_class")
-        @system_tables[:pg_class].add_column(Column.new("oid", :integer, primary_key: true))
-        @system_tables[:pg_class].add_column(Column.new("relname", :text))
-        @system_tables[:pg_class].add_column(Column.new("relnamespace", :integer))
-        @system_tables[:pg_class].add_column(Column.new("relkind", :text))  # r=table, v=view, i=index, s=sequence, m=materialized
-        @system_tables[:pg_class].add_column(Column.new("reltuples", :bigint))
-        @system_tables[:pg_class].add_column(Column.new("relpages", :integer))
-        @system_tables[:pg_class].add_column(Column.new("relowner", :integer))
-        @system_tables[:pg_class].add_column(Column.new("relcreated", :timestamp))
-        @system_tables[:pg_class].add_column(Column.new("relmodified", :timestamp))
-
-        # pg_attribute - columns
-        @system_tables[:pg_attribute] = Table.new("pg_attribute")
-        @system_tables[:pg_attribute].add_column(Column.new("attrelid", :integer))
-        @system_tables[:pg_attribute].add_column(Column.new("attname", :text))
-        @system_tables[:pg_attribute].add_column(Column.new("atttypid", :integer))
-        @system_tables[:pg_attribute].add_column(Column.new("attnum", :integer))
-        @system_tables[:pg_attribute].add_column(Column.new("attlen", :integer))
-        @system_tables[:pg_attribute].add_column(Column.new("attnotnull", :boolean))
-        @system_tables[:pg_attribute].add_column(Column.new("atthasdef", :boolean))
-        @system_tables[:pg_attribute].add_column(Column.new("attdefault", :text))
-        @system_tables[:pg_attribute].add_column(Column.new("attisdropped", :boolean))
-
-        # pg_type - data types
-        @system_tables[:pg_type] = Table.new("pg_type")
-        @system_tables[:pg_type].add_column(Column.new("oid", :integer, primary_key: true))
-        @system_tables[:pg_type].add_column(Column.new("typname", :text))
-        @system_tables[:pg_type].add_column(Column.new("typlen", :integer))
-        @system_tables[:pg_type].add_column(Column.new("typtype", :text))  # b=base, c=composite, d=domain
-
-        # pg_index - indexes
-        @system_tables[:pg_index] = Table.new("pg_index")
-        @system_tables[:pg_index].add_column(Column.new("indexrelid", :integer))
-        @system_tables[:pg_index].add_column(Column.new("indrelid", :integer))
-        @system_tables[:pg_index].add_column(Column.new("indisunique", :boolean))
-        @system_tables[:pg_index].add_column(Column.new("indisprimary", :boolean))
-        @system_tables[:pg_index].add_column(Column.new("indkey", :text))  # Array of column numbers
-        @system_tables[:pg_index].add_column(Column.new("indpred", :text))  # Partial index predicate
-
-        # pg_constraint - constraints
-        @system_tables[:pg_constraint] = Table.new("pg_constraint")
-        @system_tables[:pg_constraint].add_column(Column.new("oid", :integer, primary_key: true))
-        @system_tables[:pg_constraint].add_column(Column.new("conname", :text))
-        @system_tables[:pg_constraint].add_column(Column.new("contype", :text))  # p=primary, f=foreign, u=unique, c=check
-        @system_tables[:pg_constraint].add_column(Column.new("conrelid", :integer))
-        @system_tables[:pg_constraint].add_column(Column.new("confrelid", :integer))
-        @system_tables[:pg_constraint].add_column(Column.new("conkey", :text))  # Array of column numbers
-        @system_tables[:pg_constraint].add_column(Column.new("confkey", :text))  # Array of foreign column numbers
-        @system_tables[:pg_constraint].add_column(Column.new("confdeltype", :text))  # a=no action, r=restrict, c=cascade
-        @system_tables[:pg_constraint].add_column(Column.new("confupdtype", :text))
-        @system_tables[:pg_constraint].add_column(Column.new("condeferrable", :boolean))
-        @system_tables[:pg_constraint].add_column(Column.new("condeferred", :boolean))
-
-        # pg_sequence - sequences
-        @system_tables[:pg_sequence] = Table.new("pg_sequence")
-        @system_tables[:pg_sequence].add_column(Column.new("seqrelid", :integer))
-        @system_tables[:pg_sequence].add_column(Column.new("seqstart", :bigint))
-        @system_tables[:pg_sequence].add_column(Column.new("seqincrement", :bigint))
-        @system_tables[:pg_sequence].add_column(Column.new("seqmax", :bigint))
-        @system_tables[:pg_sequence].add_column(Column.new("seqmin", :bigint))
-        @system_tables[:pg_sequence].add_column(Column.new("seqcycle", :boolean))
-        @system_tables[:pg_sequence].add_column(Column.new("seqcurrent", :bigint))
-
-        # pg_view - views
-        @system_tables[:pg_view] = Table.new("pg_view")
-        @system_tables[:pg_view].add_column(Column.new("viewrelid", :integer))
-        @system_tables[:pg_view].add_column(Column.new("viewdefinition", :text))
-        @system_tables[:pg_view].add_column(Column.new("viewmaterialized", :boolean))
-
-        # pg_trigger - triggers
-        @system_tables[:pg_trigger] = Table.new("pg_trigger")
-        @system_tables[:pg_trigger].add_column(Column.new("oid", :integer, primary_key: true))
-        @system_tables[:pg_trigger].add_column(Column.new("tgname", :text))
-        @system_tables[:pg_trigger].add_column(Column.new("tgrelid", :integer))
-        @system_tables[:pg_trigger].add_column(Column.new("tgenabled", :boolean))
-        @system_tables[:pg_trigger].add_column(Column.new("tgtype", :integer))  # Bitmask: 1=insert, 2=update, 4=delete
-        @system_tables[:pg_trigger].add_column(Column.new("tgtiming", :integer))  # 1=before, 2=after, 3=instead_of
-        @system_tables[:pg_trigger].add_column(Column.new("tgcondition", :text))
-        @system_tables[:pg_trigger].add_column(Column.new("tgdefinition", :text))
-
-        # pg_database - databases
-        @system_tables[:pg_database] = Table.new("pg_database")
-        @system_tables[:pg_database].add_column(Column.new("oid", :integer, primary_key: true))
-        @system_tables[:pg_database].add_column(Column.new("datname", :text))
-        @system_tables[:pg_database].add_column(Column.new("datowner", :integer))
-        @system_tables[:pg_database].add_column(Column.new("datcreated", :timestamp))
-
-        # pg_user - users (simplified)
-        @system_tables[:pg_user] = Table.new("pg_user")
-        @system_tables[:pg_user].add_column(Column.new("usename", :text, primary_key: true))
-        @system_tables[:pg_user].add_column(Column.new("usesysid", :integer))
-        @system_tables[:pg_user].add_column(Column.new("usecreatedb", :boolean))
-        @system_tables[:pg_user].add_column(Column.new("usesuper", :boolean))
-
-        # Initialize rows storage
-        @system_tables.each_key do |name|
-          @rows[name] = []
-        end
-
-        build_type_oids
-      end
-
-      def build_type_oids
-        @type_oids = {
-          integer: 20,
-          bigint: 21,
-          smallint: 22,
-          float: 23,
-          decimal: 24,
-          boolean: 25,
-          text: 26,
-          varchar: 27,
-          blob: 28,
-          date: 29,
-          time: 30,
-          timestamp: 31,
-          json: 32,
-          uuid: 33,
-          char: 34,
-          numeric: 35,
-          double_precision: 36,
-          real: 37,
-          serial: 38,
-          bigserial: 39
-        }
-      end
-
-      # Populate system tables from catalog
-      def populate
-        clear_all_tables
-
-        # Populate pg_type with built-in types
-        populate_types
-
-        # Populate pg_database
-        populate_databases
-
-        # Populate pg_namespace
-        populate_namespaces
-
-        # Populate pg_user (default users)
-        populate_users
-
-        # Populate pg_class, pg_attribute, etc.
-        populate_catalog_objects
-      end
-
-      def clear_all_tables
-        @rows.each_value(&:clear)
-        @system_tables.each_value { |t| t.row_count = 0 }
-      end
-
-      def populate_types
-        @type_oids.each do |type_name, oid|
-          row = {
-            "oid" => oid,
-            "typname" => type_name.to_s,
-            "typlen" => type_size(type_name),
-            "typtype" => "b"
-          }
-          insert_row(:pg_type, row)
-        end
-      end
-
-      def type_size(type_name)
-        case type_name
-        when :integer, :serial then 4
-        when :bigint, :bigserial then 8
-        when :smallint then 2
-        when :float, :double_precision, :real then 8
-        when :boolean then 1
-        when :date then 4
-        when :timestamp, :time then 8
-        when :char then 1
-        else 0  # variable length
-        end
-      end
-
-      def populate_databases
-        @catalog.databases.each do |db_name, db|
-          oid = next_oid
-          row = {
-            "oid" => oid,
-            "datname" => db_name,
-            "datowner" => 1,
-            "datcreated" => db.created_at.iso8601
-          }
-          insert_row(:pg_database, row)
-        end
-      end
-
-      def populate_namespaces
-        # public schema
-        row = {
-          "oid" => next_oid,
-          "nspname" => "public",
-          "nspowner" => 1,
-          "nspcreated" => Time.now.iso8601
-        }
-        insert_row(:pg_namespace, row)
-
-        # information_schema
-        row = {
-          "oid" => next_oid,
-          "nspname" => "information_schema",
-          "nspowner" => 1,
-          "nspcreated" => Time.now.iso8601
-        }
-        insert_row(:pg_namespace, row)
-
-        # pg_catalog (self)
-        row = {
-          "oid" => next_oid,
-          "nspname" => "pg_catalog",
-          "nspowner" => 1,
-          "nspcreated" => Time.now.iso8601
-        }
-        insert_row(:pg_namespace, row)
-      end
-
-      def populate_users
-        # Default admin user
-        row = {
-          "usename" => "postgres",
-          "usesysid" => 1,
-          "usecreatedb" => true,
-          "usesuper" => true
-        }
-        insert_row(:pg_user, row)
-
-        # Default application user
-        row = {
-          "usename" => "rubydb",
-          "usesysid" => 2,
-          "usecreatedb" => true,
-          "usesuper" => false
-        }
-        insert_row(:pg_user, row)
-      end
-
-      def populate_catalog_objects
-        return unless @catalog.current_database
-
-        db = @catalog.current_database
-
-        # Populate tables
-        db.tables.each do |table|
-          sync_table(table)
-        end
-
-        # Populate sequences
-        db.sequences.each do |seq|
-          sync_sequence(seq)
-        end
-
-        # Populate views
-        db.views.each do |view|
-          sync_view(view)
-        end
-
-        # Populate triggers
-        db.triggers.each do |trigger|
-          sync_trigger(trigger)
-        end
-      end
-
-      def sync_table(table)
-        # Get namespace OID
-        ns_oid = get_namespace_oid("public")
-        oid = next_oid
-
-        # Add to pg_class
-        row = {
-          "oid" => oid,
-          "relname" => table.name,
-          "relnamespace" => ns_oid,
-          "relkind" => "r",
-          "reltuples" => table.row_count || 0,
-          "relpages" => table.storage_size || 0,
-          "relowner" => 1,
-          "relcreated" => table.created_at.iso8601,
-          "relmodified" => table.modified_at.iso8601
-        }
-        insert_row(:pg_class, row)
-
-        # Store the OID for reference
-        table.instance_variable_set(:@system_oid, oid)
-
-        # Add columns to pg_attribute
-        table.columns.each_with_index do |col, idx|
-          type_oid = @type_oids[col.type_class] || 0
-          row = {
-            "attrelid" => oid,
-            "attname" => col.name,
-            "atttypid" => type_oid,
-            "attnum" => idx + 1,
-            "attlen" => type_size(col.type_class),
-            "attnotnull" => !col.nullable?,
-            "atthasdef" => col.has_default?,
-            "attdefault" => col.default.to_s,
-            "attisdropped" => false
-          }
-          insert_row(:pg_attribute, row)
-        end
-
-        # Add constraints to pg_constraint
-        table.constraints.each do |constraint|
-          sync_constraint(constraint, oid)
-        end
-
-        # Add indexes to pg_index
-        table.indexes.each do |index|
-          sync_index(index, oid)
-        end
-      end
-
-      def sync_constraint(constraint, rel_oid)
-        constr_oid = next_oid
-
-        base_row = {
-          "oid" => constr_oid,
-          "conname" => constraint.name,
-          "conrelid" => rel_oid,
-          "confrelid" => 0,
-          "conkey" => "",
-          "confkey" => "",
-          "confdeltype" => "",
-          "confupdtype" => "",
-          "condeferrable" => false,
-          "condeferred" => false
-        }
-
-        case constraint
-        when PrimaryKeyConstraint
-          row = base_row.merge(
-            "contype" => "p",
-            "conkey" => constraint.columns.join(",")
-          )
-        when ForeignKeyConstraint
-          row = base_row.merge(
-            "contype" => "f",
-            "confrelid" => get_table_oid(constraint.reference_table),
-            "conkey" => constraint.columns.join(","),
-            "confkey" => constraint.reference_columns.join(","),
-            "confdeltype" => map_delete_action(constraint.on_delete),
-            "confupdtype" => map_update_action(constraint.on_update)
-          )
-        when UniqueConstraint
-          row = base_row.merge(
-            "contype" => "u",
-            "conkey" => constraint.columns.join(",")
-          )
-        when CheckConstraint
-          row = base_row.merge(
-            "contype" => "c"
-          )
-        else
-          return
-        end
-
-        insert_row(:pg_constraint, row)
-      end
-
-      def sync_index(index, rel_oid)
-        # Create index entry in pg_class
-        idx_oid = next_oid
-        ns_oid = get_namespace_oid("public")
-
-        row = {
-          "oid" => idx_oid,
-          "relname" => index.name,
-          "relnamespace" => ns_oid,
-          "relkind" => "i",
-          "reltuples" => 0,
-          "relpages" => 0,
-          "relowner" => 1,
-          "relcreated" => index.created_at.iso8601,
-          "relmodified" => index.modified_at.iso8601
-        }
-        insert_row(:pg_class, row)
-
-        # Get column positions from pg_attribute
-        column_numbers = index.columns.map do |col_name|
-          # Find the column position
-          attrs = query(:pg_attribute, attrelid: rel_oid, attname: col_name)
-          if attrs.any?
-            attrs.first["attnum"]
-          else
-            0
-          end
-        end
-
-        # Add to pg_index
-        row = {
-          "indexrelid" => idx_oid,
-          "indrelid" => rel_oid,
-          "indisunique" => index.unique,
-          "indisprimary" => false,
-          "indkey" => column_numbers.join(","),
-          "indpred" => index.options[:where] || ""
-        }
-        insert_row(:pg_index, row)
-      end
-
-      def sync_sequence(seq)
-        ns_oid = get_namespace_oid("public")
-        oid = next_oid
-
-        # Add to pg_class
-        row = {
-          "oid" => oid,
-          "relname" => seq.name,
-          "relnamespace" => ns_oid,
-          "relkind" => "s",
-          "reltuples" => 0,
-          "relpages" => 0,
-          "relowner" => 1,
-          "relcreated" => seq.created_at.iso8601,
-          "relmodified" => seq.modified_at.iso8601
-        }
-        insert_row(:pg_class, row)
-
-        # Add to pg_sequence
-        row = {
-          "seqrelid" => oid,
-          "seqstart" => seq.start_value,
-          "seqincrement" => seq.increment,
-          "seqmax" => seq.max_value,
-          "seqmin" => seq.min_value,
-          "seqcycle" => seq.cycle,
-          "seqcurrent" => seq.current_value
-        }
-        insert_row(:pg_sequence, row)
-      end
-
-      def sync_view(view)
-        ns_oid = get_namespace_oid("public")
-        oid = next_oid
-
-        # Add to pg_class
-        row = {
-          "oid" => oid,
-          "relname" => view.name,
-          "relnamespace" => ns_oid,
-          "relkind" => view.materialized ? "m" : "v",
-          "reltuples" => 0,
-          "relpages" => 0,
-          "relowner" => 1,
-          "relcreated" => view.created_at.iso8601,
-          "relmodified" => view.modified_at.iso8601
-        }
-        insert_row(:pg_class, row)
-
-        # Add to pg_view
-        row = {
-          "viewrelid" => oid,
-          "viewdefinition" => view.query,
-          "viewmaterialized" => view.materialized
-        }
-        insert_row(:pg_view, row)
-      end
-
-      def sync_trigger(trigger)
-        oid = next_oid
-        table_oid = get_table_oid(trigger.table_name)
-
-        # Convert event types to bitmask
-        event_bitmask = 0
-        event_bitmask |= 1 if trigger.on_insert?
-        event_bitmask |= 2 if trigger.on_update?
-        event_bitmask |= 4 if trigger.on_delete?
-
-        # Convert timing
-        timing_value = case trigger.timing
-        when :before then 1
-        when :after then 2
-        when :instead_of then 3
-        else 2
-        end
-
-        row = {
-          "oid" => oid,
-          "tgname" => trigger.name,
-          "tgrelid" => table_oid || 0,
-          "tgenabled" => trigger.enabled,
-          "tgtype" => event_bitmask,
-          "tgtiming" => timing_value,
-          "tgcondition" => trigger.condition || "",
-          "tgdefinition" => trigger.definition
-        }
-        insert_row(:pg_trigger, row)
-      end
-
-      # Helper methods
-
-      def insert_row(table_name, row_data)
-        table = @system_tables[table_name]
-        return unless table
-
-        table.row_count += 1
-        @rows[table_name] ||= []
-        @rows[table_name] << row_data
-      end
-
-      def next_oid
-        @oid_counter += 1
-        @oid_counter
-      end
-
-      def get_namespace_oid(name)
-        rows = @rows[:pg_namespace] || []
-        row = rows.find { |r| r["nspname"] == name }
-        row ? row["oid"] : 1
-      end
-
-      def get_table_oid(name)
-        rows = @rows[:pg_class] || []
-        row = rows.find { |r| r["relname"] == name && r["relkind"] == "r" }
-        row ? row["oid"] : 0
-      end
-
-      def map_delete_action(action)
-        case action&.to_s&.upcase
-        when "CASCADE" then "c"
-        when "RESTRICT" then "r"
-        when "SET NULL" then "n"
-        when "SET DEFAULT" then "d"
-        else "a"
-        end
-      end
-
-      def map_update_action(action)
-        case action&.to_s&.upcase
-        when "CASCADE" then "c"
-        when "RESTRICT" then "r"
-        when "SET NULL" then "n"
-        when "SET DEFAULT" then "d"
-        else "a"
-        end
-      end
-
-      # Query system tables
-
-      def query(table_name, conditions = {})
-        rows = @rows[table_name.to_sym] || []
-        rows.select do |row|
-          conditions.all? { |key, value| row[key.to_s] == value }
-        end
-      end
-
-      def find_table_oid(table_name)
-        result = query(:pg_class, relname: table_name.to_s, relkind: "r")
-        result.first&.fetch("oid")
-      end
-
-      def find_index_oid(index_name)
-        result = query(:pg_class, relname: index_name.to_s, relkind: "i")
-        result.first&.fetch("oid")
-      end
-
-      def find_sequence_oid(sequence_name)
-        result = query(:pg_class, relname: sequence_name.to_s, relkind: "s")
-        result.first&.fetch("oid")
-      end
-
-      def find_view_oid(view_name)
-        result = query(:pg_class, relname: view_name.to_s, relkind: ["v", "m"])
-        result.first&.fetch("oid")
-      end
-
-      def find_columns_for_table(table_name)
-        oid = find_table_oid(table_name)
-        return [] unless oid
-
-        query(:pg_attribute, attrelid: oid).reject { |r| r["attisdropped"] }
-      end
-
-      def find_constraints_for_table(table_name)
-        oid = find_table_oid(table_name)
-        return [] unless oid
-
-        query(:pg_constraint, conrelid: oid)
-      end
-
-      def find_indexes_for_table(table_name)
-        oid = find_table_oid(table_name)
-        return [] unless oid
-
-        query(:pg_index, indrelid: oid)
-      end
-
-      def find_triggers_for_table(table_name)
-        oid = find_table_oid(table_name)
-        return [] unless oid
-
-        query(:pg_trigger, tgrelid: oid)
-      end
-
-      def find_tables_in_schema(schema_name = "public")
-        ns_oid = get_namespace_oid(schema_name)
-        query(:pg_class, relnamespace: ns_oid, relkind: "r")
-      end
-
-      def find_all_tables
-        query(:pg_class, relkind: "r")
-      end
-
-      def table_exists?(table_name)
-        !find_table_oid(table_name).nil?
-      end
-
-      def index_exists?(index_name)
-        !find_index_oid(index_name).nil?
-      end
-
-      def column_exists?(table_name, column_name)
-        oid = find_table_oid(table_name)
-        return false unless oid
-
-        query(:pg_attribute, attrelid: oid, attname: column_name).any?
-      end
-
-      def type_exists?(type_name)
-        @type_oids.key?(type_name.to_sym)
-      end
-
-      def get_type_oid(type_name)
-        @type_oids[type_name.to_sym]
-      end
-
-      # Serialization
-
-      def serialize
-        {
-          oid_counter: @oid_counter,
-          type_oids: @type_oids,
-          tables: @rows.transform_values(&:dup)
-        }
-      end
-
-      def self.deserialize(data, catalog)
-        system_catalog = new(catalog)
-        system_catalog.instance_variable_set(:@oid_counter, data[:oid_counter] || 1000)
-        system_catalog.instance_variable_set(:@type_oids, data[:type_oids] || {})
-
-        data[:tables].each do |name, rows|
-          system_catalog.instance_variable_get(:@rows)[name.to_sym] = rows.dup
-          table = system_catalog.system_tables[name.to_sym]
-          table.row_count = rows.size if table
-        end
-
-        system_catalog
-      end
-
-      def to_s
-        "SystemCatalog with #{@system_tables.size} system tables and #{total_rows} total rows"
-      end
-
-      def inspect
-        to_s
-      end
-
-      private
-
-      def total_rows
-        @rows.values.sum(&:size)
-      end
-    end
-  end
-end
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+module RubyDB
+  module Catalog
+    # SystemCatalog - maintains internal system tables with real data
+    # This is the PostgreSQL-style system catalog that tracks all database objects
+    class SystemCatalog
+      attr_reader :catalog, :system_tables, :oid_counter
+
+      def initialize(catalog)
+        @catalog = catalog
+        @system_tables = {}
+        @oid_counter = 1000  # Starting OID for system objects
+        @type_oids = {}
+        @rows = {}  # Actual data storage for system tables
+        initialize_system_tables
+        populate
+      end
+
+      def initialize_system_tables
+        # pg_namespace - schemas
+        @system_tables[:pg_namespace] = Table.new("pg_namespace")
+        @system_tables[:pg_namespace].add_column(Column.new("oid", :integer, primary_key: true))
+        @system_tables[:pg_namespace].add_column(Column.new("nspname", :text))
+        @system_tables[:pg_namespace].add_column(Column.new("nspowner", :integer))
+        @system_tables[:pg_namespace].add_column(Column.new("nspcreated", :timestamp))
+
+        # pg_class - tables, views, indexes, sequences
+        @system_tables[:pg_class] = Table.new("pg_class")
+        @system_tables[:pg_class].add_column(Column.new("oid", :integer, primary_key: true))
+        @system_tables[:pg_class].add_column(Column.new("relname", :text))
+        @system_tables[:pg_class].add_column(Column.new("relnamespace", :integer))
+        @system_tables[:pg_class].add_column(Column.new("relkind", :text))  # r=table, v=view, i=index, s=sequence, m=materialized
+        @system_tables[:pg_class].add_column(Column.new("reltuples", :bigint))
+        @system_tables[:pg_class].add_column(Column.new("relpages", :integer))
+        @system_tables[:pg_class].add_column(Column.new("relowner", :integer))
+        @system_tables[:pg_class].add_column(Column.new("relcreated", :timestamp))
+        @system_tables[:pg_class].add_column(Column.new("relmodified", :timestamp))
+
+        # pg_attribute - columns
+        @system_tables[:pg_attribute] = Table.new("pg_attribute")
+        @system_tables[:pg_attribute].add_column(Column.new("attrelid", :integer))
+        @system_tables[:pg_attribute].add_column(Column.new("attname", :text))
+        @system_tables[:pg_attribute].add_column(Column.new("atttypid", :integer))
+        @system_tables[:pg_attribute].add_column(Column.new("attnum", :integer))
+        @system_tables[:pg_attribute].add_column(Column.new("attlen", :integer))
+        @system_tables[:pg_attribute].add_column(Column.new("attnotnull", :boolean))
+        @system_tables[:pg_attribute].add_column(Column.new("atthasdef", :boolean))
+        @system_tables[:pg_attribute].add_column(Column.new("attdefault", :text))
+        @system_tables[:pg_attribute].add_column(Column.new("attisdropped", :boolean))
+
+        # pg_type - data types
+        @system_tables[:pg_type] = Table.new("pg_type")
+        @system_tables[:pg_type].add_column(Column.new("oid", :integer, primary_key: true))
+        @system_tables[:pg_type].add_column(Column.new("typname", :text))
+        @system_tables[:pg_type].add_column(Column.new("typlen", :integer))
+        @system_tables[:pg_type].add_column(Column.new("typtype", :text))  # b=base, c=composite, d=domain
+
+        # pg_index - indexes
+        @system_tables[:pg_index] = Table.new("pg_index")
+        @system_tables[:pg_index].add_column(Column.new("indexrelid", :integer))
+        @system_tables[:pg_index].add_column(Column.new("indrelid", :integer))
+        @system_tables[:pg_index].add_column(Column.new("indisunique", :boolean))
+        @system_tables[:pg_index].add_column(Column.new("indisprimary", :boolean))
+        @system_tables[:pg_index].add_column(Column.new("indkey", :text))  # Array of column numbers
+        @system_tables[:pg_index].add_column(Column.new("indpred", :text))  # Partial index predicate
+
+        # pg_constraint - constraints
+        @system_tables[:pg_constraint] = Table.new("pg_constraint")
+        @system_tables[:pg_constraint].add_column(Column.new("oid", :integer, primary_key: true))
+        @system_tables[:pg_constraint].add_column(Column.new("conname", :text))
+        @system_tables[:pg_constraint].add_column(Column.new("contype", :text))  # p=primary, f=foreign, u=unique, c=check
+        @system_tables[:pg_constraint].add_column(Column.new("conrelid", :integer))
+        @system_tables[:pg_constraint].add_column(Column.new("confrelid", :integer))
+        @system_tables[:pg_constraint].add_column(Column.new("conkey", :text))  # Array of column numbers
+        @system_tables[:pg_constraint].add_column(Column.new("confkey", :text))  # Array of foreign column numbers
+        @system_tables[:pg_constraint].add_column(Column.new("confdeltype", :text))  # a=no action, r=restrict, c=cascade
+        @system_tables[:pg_constraint].add_column(Column.new("confupdtype", :text))
+        @system_tables[:pg_constraint].add_column(Column.new("condeferrable", :boolean))
+        @system_tables[:pg_constraint].add_column(Column.new("condeferred", :boolean))
+
+        # pg_sequence - sequences
+        @system_tables[:pg_sequence] = Table.new("pg_sequence")
+        @system_tables[:pg_sequence].add_column(Column.new("seqrelid", :integer))
+        @system_tables[:pg_sequence].add_column(Column.new("seqstart", :bigint))
+        @system_tables[:pg_sequence].add_column(Column.new("seqincrement", :bigint))
+        @system_tables[:pg_sequence].add_column(Column.new("seqmax", :bigint))
+        @system_tables[:pg_sequence].add_column(Column.new("seqmin", :bigint))
+        @system_tables[:pg_sequence].add_column(Column.new("seqcycle", :boolean))
+        @system_tables[:pg_sequence].add_column(Column.new("seqcurrent", :bigint))
+
+        # pg_view - views
+        @system_tables[:pg_view] = Table.new("pg_view")
+        @system_tables[:pg_view].add_column(Column.new("viewrelid", :integer))
+        @system_tables[:pg_view].add_column(Column.new("viewdefinition", :text))
+        @system_tables[:pg_view].add_column(Column.new("viewmaterialized", :boolean))
+
+        # pg_trigger - triggers
+        @system_tables[:pg_trigger] = Table.new("pg_trigger")
+        @system_tables[:pg_trigger].add_column(Column.new("oid", :integer, primary_key: true))
+        @system_tables[:pg_trigger].add_column(Column.new("tgname", :text))
+        @system_tables[:pg_trigger].add_column(Column.new("tgrelid", :integer))
+        @system_tables[:pg_trigger].add_column(Column.new("tgenabled", :boolean))
+        @system_tables[:pg_trigger].add_column(Column.new("tgtype", :integer))  # Bitmask: 1=insert, 2=update, 4=delete
+        @system_tables[:pg_trigger].add_column(Column.new("tgtiming", :integer))  # 1=before, 2=after, 3=instead_of
+        @system_tables[:pg_trigger].add_column(Column.new("tgcondition", :text))
+        @system_tables[:pg_trigger].add_column(Column.new("tgdefinition", :text))
+
+        # pg_database - databases
+        @system_tables[:pg_database] = Table.new("pg_database")
+        @system_tables[:pg_database].add_column(Column.new("oid", :integer, primary_key: true))
+        @system_tables[:pg_database].add_column(Column.new("datname", :text))
+        @system_tables[:pg_database].add_column(Column.new("datowner", :integer))
+        @system_tables[:pg_database].add_column(Column.new("datcreated", :timestamp))
+
+        # pg_user - users (simplified)
+        @system_tables[:pg_user] = Table.new("pg_user")
+        @system_tables[:pg_user].add_column(Column.new("usename", :text, primary_key: true))
+        @system_tables[:pg_user].add_column(Column.new("usesysid", :integer))
+        @system_tables[:pg_user].add_column(Column.new("usecreatedb", :boolean))
+        @system_tables[:pg_user].add_column(Column.new("usesuper", :boolean))
+
+        # Initialize rows storage
+        @system_tables.each_key do |name|
+          @rows[name] = []
+        end
+
+        build_type_oids
+      end
+
+      def build_type_oids
+        @type_oids = {
+          integer: 20,
+          bigint: 21,
+          smallint: 22,
+          float: 23,
+          decimal: 24,
+          boolean: 25,
+          text: 26,
+          varchar: 27,
+          blob: 28,
+          date: 29,
+          time: 30,
+          timestamp: 31,
+          json: 32,
+          uuid: 33,
+          char: 34,
+          numeric: 35,
+          double_precision: 36,
+          real: 37,
+          serial: 38,
+          bigserial: 39
+        }
+      end
+
+      # Populate system tables from catalog
+      def populate
+        clear_all_tables
+
+        # Populate pg_type with built-in types
+        populate_types
+
+        # Populate pg_database
+        populate_databases
+
+        # Populate pg_namespace
+        populate_namespaces
+
+        # Populate pg_user (default users)
+        populate_users
+
+        # Populate pg_class, pg_attribute, etc.
+        populate_catalog_objects
+      end
+
+      def clear_all_tables
+        @rows.each_value(&:clear)
+        @system_tables.each_value { |t| t.row_count = 0 }
+      end
+
+      def populate_types
+        @type_oids.each do |type_name, oid|
+          row = {
+            "oid" => oid,
+            "typname" => type_name.to_s,
+            "typlen" => type_size(type_name),
+            "typtype" => "b"
+          }
+          insert_row(:pg_type, row)
+        end
+      end
+
+      def type_size(type_name)
+        case type_name
+        when :integer, :serial then 4
+        when :bigint, :bigserial then 8
+        when :smallint then 2
+        when :float, :double_precision, :real then 8
+        when :boolean then 1
+        when :date then 4
+        when :timestamp, :time then 8
+        when :char then 1
+        else 0  # variable length
+        end
+      end
+
+      def populate_databases
+        @catalog.databases.each do |db_name, db|
+          oid = next_oid
+          row = {
+            "oid" => oid,
+            "datname" => db_name,
+            "datowner" => 1,
+            "datcreated" => db.created_at.iso8601
+          }
+          insert_row(:pg_database, row)
+        end
+      end
+
+      def populate_namespaces
+        # public schema
+        row = {
+          "oid" => next_oid,
+          "nspname" => "public",
+          "nspowner" => 1,
+          "nspcreated" => Time.now.iso8601
+        }
+        insert_row(:pg_namespace, row)
+
+        # information_schema
+        row = {
+          "oid" => next_oid,
+          "nspname" => "information_schema",
+          "nspowner" => 1,
+          "nspcreated" => Time.now.iso8601
+        }
+        insert_row(:pg_namespace, row)
+
+        # pg_catalog (self)
+        row = {
+          "oid" => next_oid,
+          "nspname" => "pg_catalog",
+          "nspowner" => 1,
+          "nspcreated" => Time.now.iso8601
+        }
+        insert_row(:pg_namespace, row)
+      end
+
+      def populate_users
+        # Default admin user
+        row = {
+          "usename" => "postgres",
+          "usesysid" => 1,
+          "usecreatedb" => true,
+          "usesuper" => true
+        }
+        insert_row(:pg_user, row)
+
+        # Default application user
+        row = {
+          "usename" => "rubydb",
+          "usesysid" => 2,
+          "usecreatedb" => true,
+          "usesuper" => false
+        }
+        insert_row(:pg_user, row)
+      end
+
+      def populate_catalog_objects
+        return unless @catalog.current_database
+
+        db = @catalog.current_database
+
+        # Populate tables
+        db.tables.each do |table|
+          sync_table(table)
+        end
+
+        # Populate sequences
+        db.sequences.each do |seq|
+          sync_sequence(seq)
+        end
+
+        # Populate views
+        db.views.each do |view|
+          sync_view(view)
+        end
+
+        # Populate triggers
+        db.triggers.each do |trigger|
+          sync_trigger(trigger)
+        end
+      end
+
+      def sync_table(table)
+        # Get namespace OID
+        ns_oid = get_namespace_oid("public")
+        oid = next_oid
+
+        # Add to pg_class
+        row = {
+          "oid" => oid,
+          "relname" => table.name,
+          "relnamespace" => ns_oid,
+          "relkind" => "r",
+          "reltuples" => table.row_count || 0,
+          "relpages" => table.storage_size || 0,
+          "relowner" => 1,
+          "relcreated" => table.created_at.iso8601,
+          "relmodified" => table.modified_at.iso8601
+        }
+        insert_row(:pg_class, row)
+
+        # Store the OID for reference
+        table.instance_variable_set(:@system_oid, oid)
+
+        # Add columns to pg_attribute
+        table.columns.each_with_index do |col, idx|
+          type_oid = @type_oids[col.type_class] || 0
+          row = {
+            "attrelid" => oid,
+            "attname" => col.name,
+            "atttypid" => type_oid,
+            "attnum" => idx + 1,
+            "attlen" => type_size(col.type_class),
+            "attnotnull" => !col.nullable?,
+            "atthasdef" => col.has_default?,
+            "attdefault" => col.default.to_s,
+            "attisdropped" => false
+          }
+          insert_row(:pg_attribute, row)
+        end
+
+        # Add constraints to pg_constraint
+        table.constraints.each do |constraint|
+          sync_constraint(constraint, oid)
+        end
+
+        # Add indexes to pg_index
+        table.indexes.each do |index|
+          sync_index(index, oid)
+        end
+      end
+
+      def sync_constraint(constraint, rel_oid)
+        constr_oid = next_oid
+
+        base_row = {
+          "oid" => constr_oid,
+          "conname" => constraint.name,
+          "conrelid" => rel_oid,
+          "confrelid" => 0,
+          "conkey" => "",
+          "confkey" => "",
+          "confdeltype" => "",
+          "confupdtype" => "",
+          "condeferrable" => false,
+          "condeferred" => false
+        }
+
+        case constraint
+        when PrimaryKeyConstraint
+          row = base_row.merge(
+            "contype" => "p",
+            "conkey" => constraint.columns.join(",")
+          )
+        when ForeignKeyConstraint
+          row = base_row.merge(
+            "contype" => "f",
+            "confrelid" => get_table_oid(constraint.reference_table),
+            "conkey" => constraint.columns.join(","),
+            "confkey" => constraint.reference_columns.join(","),
+            "confdeltype" => map_delete_action(constraint.on_delete),
+            "confupdtype" => map_update_action(constraint.on_update)
+          )
+        when UniqueConstraint
+          row = base_row.merge(
+            "contype" => "u",
+            "conkey" => constraint.columns.join(",")
+          )
+        when CheckConstraint
+          row = base_row.merge(
+            "contype" => "c"
+          )
+        else
+          return
+        end
+
+        insert_row(:pg_constraint, row)
+      end
+
+      def sync_index(index, rel_oid)
+        # Create index entry in pg_class
+        idx_oid = next_oid
+        ns_oid = get_namespace_oid("public")
+
+        row = {
+          "oid" => idx_oid,
+          "relname" => index.name,
+          "relnamespace" => ns_oid,
+          "relkind" => "i",
+          "reltuples" => 0,
+          "relpages" => 0,
+          "relowner" => 1,
+          "relcreated" => index.created_at.iso8601,
+          "relmodified" => index.modified_at.iso8601
+        }
+        insert_row(:pg_class, row)
+
+        # Get column positions from pg_attribute
+        column_numbers = index.columns.map do |col_name|
+          # Find the column position
+          attrs = query(:pg_attribute, attrelid: rel_oid, attname: col_name)
+          if attrs.any?
+            attrs.first["attnum"]
+          else
+            0
+          end
+        end
+
+        # Add to pg_index
+        row = {
+          "indexrelid" => idx_oid,
+          "indrelid" => rel_oid,
+          "indisunique" => index.unique,
+          "indisprimary" => false,
+          "indkey" => column_numbers.join(","),
+          "indpred" => index.options[:where] || ""
+        }
+        insert_row(:pg_index, row)
+      end
+
+      def sync_sequence(seq)
+        ns_oid = get_namespace_oid("public")
+        oid = next_oid
+
+        # Add to pg_class
+        row = {
+          "oid" => oid,
+          "relname" => seq.name,
+          "relnamespace" => ns_oid,
+          "relkind" => "s",
+          "reltuples" => 0,
+          "relpages" => 0,
+          "relowner" => 1,
+          "relcreated" => seq.created_at.iso8601,
+          "relmodified" => seq.modified_at.iso8601
+        }
+        insert_row(:pg_class, row)
+
+        # Add to pg_sequence
+        row = {
+          "seqrelid" => oid,
+          "seqstart" => seq.start_value,
+          "seqincrement" => seq.increment,
+          "seqmax" => seq.max_value,
+          "seqmin" => seq.min_value,
+          "seqcycle" => seq.cycle,
+          "seqcurrent" => seq.current_value
+        }
+        insert_row(:pg_sequence, row)
+      end
+
+      def sync_view(view)
+        ns_oid = get_namespace_oid("public")
+        oid = next_oid
+
+        # Add to pg_class
+        row = {
+          "oid" => oid,
+          "relname" => view.name,
+          "relnamespace" => ns_oid,
+          "relkind" => view.materialized ? "m" : "v",
+          "reltuples" => 0,
+          "relpages" => 0,
+          "relowner" => 1,
+          "relcreated" => view.created_at.iso8601,
+          "relmodified" => view.modified_at.iso8601
+        }
+        insert_row(:pg_class, row)
+
+        # Add to pg_view
+        row = {
+          "viewrelid" => oid,
+          "viewdefinition" => view.query,
+          "viewmaterialized" => view.materialized
+        }
+        insert_row(:pg_view, row)
+      end
+
+      def sync_trigger(trigger)
+        oid = next_oid
+        table_oid = get_table_oid(trigger.table_name)
+
+        # Convert event types to bitmask
+        event_bitmask = 0
+        event_bitmask |= 1 if trigger.on_insert?
+        event_bitmask |= 2 if trigger.on_update?
+        event_bitmask |= 4 if trigger.on_delete?
+
+        # Convert timing
+        timing_value = case trigger.timing
+        when :before then 1
+        when :after then 2
+        when :instead_of then 3
+        else 2
+        end
+
+        row = {
+          "oid" => oid,
+          "tgname" => trigger.name,
+          "tgrelid" => table_oid || 0,
+          "tgenabled" => trigger.enabled,
+          "tgtype" => event_bitmask,
+          "tgtiming" => timing_value,
+          "tgcondition" => trigger.condition || "",
+          "tgdefinition" => trigger.definition
+        }
+        insert_row(:pg_trigger, row)
+      end
+
+      # Helper methods
+
+      def insert_row(table_name, row_data)
+        table = @system_tables[table_name]
+        return unless table
+
+        table.row_count += 1
+        @rows[table_name] ||= []
+        @rows[table_name] << row_data
+      end
+
+      def next_oid
+        @oid_counter += 1
+        @oid_counter
+      end
+
+      def get_namespace_oid(name)
+        rows = @rows[:pg_namespace] || []
+        row = rows.find { |r| r["nspname"] == name }
+        row ? row["oid"] : 1
+      end
+
+      def get_table_oid(name)
+        rows = @rows[:pg_class] || []
+        row = rows.find { |r| r["relname"] == name && r["relkind"] == "r" }
+        row ? row["oid"] : 0
+      end
+
+      def map_delete_action(action)
+        case action&.to_s&.upcase
+        when "CASCADE" then "c"
+        when "RESTRICT" then "r"
+        when "SET NULL" then "n"
+        when "SET DEFAULT" then "d"
+        else "a"
+        end
+      end
+
+      def map_update_action(action)
+        case action&.to_s&.upcase
+        when "CASCADE" then "c"
+        when "RESTRICT" then "r"
+        when "SET NULL" then "n"
+        when "SET DEFAULT" then "d"
+        else "a"
+        end
+      end
+
+      # Query system tables
+
+      def query(table_name, conditions = {})
+        rows = @rows[table_name.to_sym] || []
+        rows.select do |row|
+          conditions.all? { |key, value| row[key.to_s] == value }
+        end
+      end
+
+      def find_table_oid(table_name)
+        result = query(:pg_class, relname: table_name.to_s, relkind: "r")
+        result.first&.fetch("oid")
+      end
+
+      def find_index_oid(index_name)
+        result = query(:pg_class, relname: index_name.to_s, relkind: "i")
+        result.first&.fetch("oid")
+      end
+
+      def find_sequence_oid(sequence_name)
+        result = query(:pg_class, relname: sequence_name.to_s, relkind: "s")
+        result.first&.fetch("oid")
+      end
+
+      def find_view_oid(view_name)
+        result = query(:pg_class, relname: view_name.to_s, relkind: ["v", "m"])
+        result.first&.fetch("oid")
+      end
+
+      def find_columns_for_table(table_name)
+        oid = find_table_oid(table_name)
+        return [] unless oid
+
+        query(:pg_attribute, attrelid: oid).reject { |r| r["attisdropped"] }
+      end
+
+      def find_constraints_for_table(table_name)
+        oid = find_table_oid(table_name)
+        return [] unless oid
+
+        query(:pg_constraint, conrelid: oid)
+      end
+
+      def find_indexes_for_table(table_name)
+        oid = find_table_oid(table_name)
+        return [] unless oid
+
+        query(:pg_index, indrelid: oid)
+      end
+
+      def find_triggers_for_table(table_name)
+        oid = find_table_oid(table_name)
+        return [] unless oid
+
+        query(:pg_trigger, tgrelid: oid)
+      end
+
+      def find_tables_in_schema(schema_name = "public")
+        ns_oid = get_namespace_oid(schema_name)
+        query(:pg_class, relnamespace: ns_oid, relkind: "r")
+      end
+
+      def find_all_tables
+        query(:pg_class, relkind: "r")
+      end
+
+      def table_exists?(table_name)
+        !find_table_oid(table_name).nil?
+      end
+
+      def index_exists?(index_name)
+        !find_index_oid(index_name).nil?
+      end
+
+      def column_exists?(table_name, column_name)
+        oid = find_table_oid(table_name)
+        return false unless oid
+
+        query(:pg_attribute, attrelid: oid, attname: column_name).any?
+      end
+
+      def type_exists?(type_name)
+        @type_oids.key?(type_name.to_sym)
+      end
+
+      def get_type_oid(type_name)
+        @type_oids[type_name.to_sym]
+      end
+
+      # Serialization
+
+      def serialize
+        {
+          oid_counter: @oid_counter,
+          type_oids: @type_oids,
+          tables: @rows.transform_values(&:dup)
+        }
+      end
+
+      def self.deserialize(data, catalog)
+        system_catalog = new(catalog)
+        system_catalog.instance_variable_set(:@oid_counter, data[:oid_counter] || 1000)
+        system_catalog.instance_variable_set(:@type_oids, data[:type_oids] || {})
+
+        data[:tables].each do |name, rows|
+          system_catalog.instance_variable_get(:@rows)[name.to_sym] = rows.dup
+          table = system_catalog.system_tables[name.to_sym]
+          table.row_count = rows.size if table
+        end
+
+        system_catalog
+      end
+
+      def to_s
+        "SystemCatalog with #{@system_tables.size} system tables and #{total_rows} total rows"
+      end
+
+      def inspect
+        to_s
+      end
+
+      private
+
+      def total_rows
+        @rows.values.sum(&:size)
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end